November 2014
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NOVEMBER 2014 NUCLEAR DETERRENCE Commander, US Strategic Command ADM Cecil Haney, USN ........................ 9 Strategic Stability Ms. Rose Gottemoeller Under Secretary for Arms Control ........ 20 The Strategic Nuclear Enterprise: Implementing the Roadmap Ahead RDML Joe Tofalo, USN ....................... 27 Prudent Alternative to Minimum Deterrence Dr. Keith Payne and Ambassador Robert Joseph .................... 35 SHIPBUILDING and FORCE LEVEL Future Undersea Imperatives for Integrated Navy RADM Rick Breckenridge, USN .......... 49 Navy Force Structure & Shipbuilding– Excerpts Mr. Ron O’Rourke ............................... 89 FEATURES Uranium Enrichment and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle VADM Paul Sullivan, USN, Ret. and Mr. John Welch .................................. 112 Rickover’s Leadership & Rise of the Nuclear Navy A Chapter from Against the Tide RADM Dave Oliver, USN, Ret. .......... 123 Sinking the Glomar Explorer in 1974 CAPT Jack O’Connell, USN, Ret. ..... 138 Submarine News from Around the World AMI Hot News ................................... 142 THE SUBMARINE COMMUNITY Speech to 298th Basic Enlisted SubScol Class (1964) CAPT R. E. Thomas, USN, Ret. ......... 149 BOOK REVIEW Cold War Command: Dramatic Story of a Nuclear Submariner by CAPT Dan Conley, RN Reviewed by CAPT Jim Patton, USN, Ret. ............... 153 THE SUBMARINE REVIEW EDITOR’S COMMENTS he delay in this issue of THE SUBMARINE REVIEW is not due to collection nor production problems but is T exclusively editorial in nature. My attention and personal time for a period of several weeks were diverted to a family medical problem. So it’s not the system which is at fault. In spite of human factors, however, the magazine continues with emphasis on the two main concerns facing the submarine community. The first concern is to support a strong national Nuclear Deterrence policy; therefore to counter current arguments against the long-delayed modernization of our strategic nuclear forces and supporting facilities. The second critical concern is for support of the Submarine Force’s building program, headlined by the OHIO Replacement Program. There is an obvious parochial connection between those two concerns. A shift in current national direction from a strong Nuclear Deterrence Policy could put in doubt funding for the replacement SSBNs. But we at the delivery end of deterrence know that credible deterrence consists of sufficient force capability and the national will to use it if necessary. This is a logic and philosophy fight which may be driven for some by fiscal concerns, but it can be addressed by an informed citizenry willing to spread the perceived wisdom. Each of those concerns is addressed in this issue. The lead section is about Nuclear Deterrence and carries several current policy statements on the subject. The second section deals with Naval Shipbuilding and Force Levels. Instead of outlining each of the presentation/articles I will point out partial pieces in each major section for particular attention. In the Prudent Alterative to Minimum Deterrence please look for the more complete recognition of what Deterrence is really about. In Rear Admiral Tofalo’s presentation note his arguments for special funding of the OHIO Replacement Program. In the extracts of Mr. Ron O’Rourke’s report on naval ship- 1 building one can see that the out-years shortfall in SSNs is not the 1 NOVEMBER 2014 THE SUBMARINE REVIEW only Navy force-level problem. It is my opinion that more importantly, however. we should give careful attention to the last part of that piece, his Annex C to the basic report. It is a wonderfully concise and pointed summary of why the US needs a Navy. By logical extension that also says “Why Submarines?” Jim Hay Editor 2 NOVEMBER 2014 THE SUBMARINE REVIEW FROM THE PRESIDENT s this edition of THE SUBMARINE REVIEW goes to press, there is a great deal of change in the air. The A elections in November 2014 are certain to exacerbate an already complex budget environment within the Congress and the recently announced resignation of the Secretary of Defense will undoubtedly add to the challenge of aligning limited resources to address current and future requirements. In the midst of all the goings on in Washington, DC, the U.S. Submarine Force continues to provide exceptional value to our nation in a demanding and dynamic time. Around the world, forward deployed U.S. submarines provide valuable support while addressing diverse and dynamic operational demands. Our strategic deterrent and attack submarines excel while meeting the highest standards of maintenance, training, and operations at sea, supporting Combatant Commanders in every theater. Our Submarine Force leadership continues to provide clear, steady, and concise direction for our operational forces and the industrial base that supports them. Our nation’s submarines and our submariners are building on the legacy of those who went before them and their performance continues to be superb. Our strategic deterrent force recently completed it 4000th patrol, a remarkable record of superior performance, sustaining a vigilant and stabilizing posture in a most uncertain world. These exceptional men and women go about their business with quiet determination, meeting the highest professional standards in the execution of their critical mission. We have included the thoughts of ADM Cecil Haney, RADM Rick Breckenridge and RADM (Sel) Joe Tofalo in this issue of THE SUBMARINE REVIEW to inform and frame the discussion about the nation’s need to invest in the modernization of the most survivable leg of our strategic TRIAD. The OHIO Replacement Program (ORP), our Navy’s top shipbuilding priority, will require diligent oversight and skillful execution in order to meet a demanding schedule. Meeting this schedule is critical if we are to 3 meet our strategic operational requirements and execute the first 3 NOVEMBER 2014 THE SUBMARINE REVIEW deterrent patrol in 2031 with no gap in our Navy’s required strategic presence as the OHIO Class submarines retire from service. To ensure best value, the ORP focuses on three specific areas for efficiency and cost reduction: 1) Design for Affordability, ensuring that the ORP design and engineering optimize and improve upon the highly successful practices in use throughout the VIRGINIA Class Submarine Program, 2) Design for Producibility, ensuring that ORP production and construction techniques and practices optimize and improve upon those used during the construction of the VIRGINIA Class Submarines, and 3) Design for Sustainability, ensuring that life cycle costs for these ships are minimized over their service life in support of our Navy’s essential strategic deterrent mission. As previously noted in these pages, this critical program enjoys strong funding support in Congress and throughout the Navy and the execution of the design and engineering plan is on track to support construction start in 2021. Our attack submarines are operating forward deployed around the world, bringing exceptional combat capability and persistent covert presence to every maritime theater in response to the myriad demands of our Combatant Commanders. The Submarine Force maintenance and modernization plan ensures that all of our deployed attack submarines are able to employ tactically relevant combat capability when needed, for as long as needed. VIRGINIA Class submarines are demonstrating their value in every theater of operation and the VIRGINIA Class Program is the top performing program within the Department of Defense. USS NORTH DAKOTA (SSN-784) was commissioned earlier this year, ahead of schedule and under budget. USS JOHN WARNER (SSN-785) has been christened, and USS ILLINOIS (SSN-786) and USS WASHINGTON (SSN-787) are on track to sustain this superior performance. The Naval Submarine League has enjoyed strong support from our Corporate Sponsors and the Submarine Force leadership team. Our annual symposium in October provided a forum for leadership to speak and for the industrial base to engage. As we move 4 NOVEMBER 2014 THE SUBMARINE REVIEW forward in these most interesting times, it is clear that an informed dialogue will be key to ensuring that thoughtful and responsible choices are made. THE SUBMARINE REVIEW will continue to inform Naval Submarine League members as they are engaged in critically important discussions about our nation’s security and the submarine force needed to ensure sustained undersea dominance in a complex and rapidly changing world. Your support, and the support of all of our Corporate Mem- bers, provide critical elements necessary for the sustainment of the Naval Submarine League’s effort to promote a robust and effective U.S. Submarine Force within the U.S. Navy. Your support allows the Naval Submarine League to articulate the value, effectiveness, and professionalism of our Submarine Force and our submarine industrial base as our nation addresses current and future challenges. As the first winter storm of 2014 hits the I-95 corridor at the beginning of the Thanksgiving holiday travel rush, I wish you all a happy holiday season and a steady budget forecast for the new year. John B. Padgett III President 5 5 NOVEMBER 2014 THE SUBMARINE REVIEW THE SUBMARINE REVIEW THE SUBMARINE REVIEW is a quarterly publication of the Naval Submarine League. It is a forum for discussion of submarine matters, be they of past, present or future aspects of the ships, weapons and men who train and carry out undersea warfare. It is the intention of the REVIEW to reflect not only the views of Naval Submarine League members but of all who are interested in submarining. Articles for this magazine will be accepted on any subject closely related to submarine matters. Article length should be no longer than 2500 to 3000 words. Subjects requiring longer treatment should be prepared in parts for sequential publication. Electronic submission is preferred with MS Word as an acceptable system. If paper copy is submitted, an accompanying CD will be of significant assistance. Content, timing and originality of thought are of first importance in the selection of articles for the REVIEW. A stipend of up to $200.00 will be paid for each major article published.