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Towards a Subaltern Public Theology for India

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Towards a Subaltern Public Theology for India TOWARDS A SUBALTERN PUBLIC THEOLOGY FOR INDIA A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2018 RAJBHARAT PATTA SCHOOL OF ARTS, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Contents List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 8 Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 9 Declaration ........................................................................................................................... 10 Copyright Statement ............................................................................................................ 11 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 12 About the Author ................................................................................................................. 16 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................. 17 Introduction – Setting the Conversation ............................................................................. 17 1.1. The Personal is Political and the Political is Public: ............................................... 17 1.2. Setting the Theological Context: Public Theology ................................................. 20 1.2.1. The Challenges of Doing Public Theology: ..................................................... 24 1.3. The Problem: ......................................................................................................... 29 1.3.1. Analysis of Caste: ........................................................................................... 31 1.4. Research Questions: .............................................................................................. 33 1.5. Methodology: ........................................................................................................ 34 1.5.1. European Hermeneutics and Adivasi (indigenous) Hermeneutics: ............... 36 1.5.2. Subjective Social Location: ............................................................................. 37 1.6. Thesis Structure: .................................................................................................... 39 1.7. Conclusion: ............................................................................................................ 40 Part One: Theological Contexts ............................................................................................ 41 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................................. 42 Mapping Public Theologies: A Critical Analysis .................................................................... 42 2.1. Introduction: .............................................................................................................. 42 2.2. A Companion to Public Theology: A Theological Audit ............................................. 45 2.3. Public Theologies: Showing the Public Character of Theology? ............................... 51 2.4. Traversing the Terrains of Public Theologies: Political, Liberation and Apologetic .. 57 2.4.1. Political Public Theologies: ................................................................................. 57 2.4.1.1. Public Theology as Political Theology in the Context of Privatisation of Religion: ..................................................................................................................... 58 2.4.1.2. Public Theology as Political Theology in the Context of Imperfect Modernity: ................................................................................................................ 59 2.4.2. Liberation Public Theologies: .............................................................................. 62 2.4.2.1. Public Theology as Liberation Theology in the Context of Historical Irruption of the Poor: ................................................................................................ 62 2 2.4.2.2. Public Theology as Unfitting Theologies in the Context of Neo-colonialism & Patriarchy: ............................................................................................................. 64 2.4.3. Apologetic Public Theologies: ............................................................................. 66 2.4.3.1. Public Theology as Christian Apologetics in the Context of a Post-Secular Age: ........................................................................................................................... 67 2.4.3.2. Public Theology as Public Discourse in the Context of Individualistic Society: ...................................................................................................................... 69 2.4.4. Analysing the Terrains and Furthering the Discourse of Public Theology: ......... 71 2.5. Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 73 Chapter 3 .............................................................................................................................. 76 A Critical Recovery and Appraisal of Indian Public Theologies ............................................ 76 3.1. Introduction: .............................................................................................................. 76 3.2. Proto-Public Theology in the Context of Socio-Political-Religious Issues in India: ... 77 3.3. Dalit Theology as Counter-Public Theology in the Context of Dalit Issues in India: . 82 3.4. Pro-Public Theology in the Context of Asian Public Issues: ...................................... 88 3.4.1. Characteristics of Asian Public Theology ............................................................ 92 3.4.2. Asian Public Theology’s Methodological Considerations: .................................. 96 3.5. A Critical Appraisal of Indian Public Theologies: .....................................................100 3.6. Conclusion: ..............................................................................................................103 Part Two: Theological Companions ....................................................................................105 Chapter 4 ............................................................................................................................106 Can the Subalterns Speak? A Critical Indian Theological Hearing of Subalternity ............106 4.1. Introduction: ............................................................................................................106 4.2. Re-interpreting Subalternity: Subaltern Religious Theological Hearing: ................110 4.2.1. Subalternity as a Site of Non-Essentialised Community: .................................111 4.2.2. Subalternity as a Site of Counter-Symbolic Factory: ........................................113 4.2.3. Subalternity as a Site of ‘Contradictory Consciousness’: .................................116 4.2.3.2. Subaltern as a Category of Interpreters in Relation to Theology: .............117 4.3. Re-imagining Subalternity: Post-Colonial Theological Hearing ...............................119 4.3.1. Subalternity as a Radical Space of Deconstructive Embrace: ...........................120 4.3.2. Subalternity as a Site of Radical Theological Location: ....................................124 4.3.2.1. Shifting Theology towards Subaltern Political Thought: ...........................125 4.3.2.2. Shifting theology towards Subaltern Episteme of ‘De-transcendentalized Sacred’: ....................................................................................................................126 4.3.2.3. Subalternity as Radical Theological Method: .............................................127 4.3.2.4. Subalternity as a Eucharistic Point of Theological Hospitality: ..................127 3 4.3.2.5. Subalternity ’s quest to ‘De-Contextualize’ the Contextual Theologies: ...128 4.3.2.6. De-construction as Subaltern Hermeneutical Method: .............................128 4.3.2.7. Embodied Histories of Subalterns as Theological Context: .......................129 4.4. A Critical Theological Hearing of Subalternity: ........................................................130 4.4.1. Subalternity as an Aporetic Theological Method: ............................................131 4.4.2. Subalternity as Contested Epistemology: .........................................................132 4.4.3. Subalternity as Deconstructive Hermeneutics: ................................................134 4.5. Conclusion ...............................................................................................................136 Chapter 5 ............................................................................................................................138 Can the Subalterns Public-ise? A Critical Subaltern Interrogation of ‘Public’ ...................138 5.1. Introduction: ............................................................................................................138 5.2. The Genealogies & Typologies of Public in India: ...................................................139 5.2.1. Public as a Site of Multiple Intersectional Historical Meanings: ......................139 5.2.2. Translation as a Key Hermeneutic
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