Notes on Dubiraphia (Coleoptera: Elniidae) with Descriptions of Five New Species1

WILLIAM L. HILSENHOFF Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 ABSTRACT Because of the brevity of original descriptions, the included, as new species, D. brevipennis, D. browiii, I), status of Dubiraphia east of the Rocky Mountains has been minima, D. parva, and D. robusta, in addition to I), confused, with /). vittata (Melsheimer) and D. quadri- quadrinotata and D. vittata. Descriptions and a key to notata (Say) frequently being considered synonyms. the 8 species in the Central United States are presented Only /). bhnttata (LeConte) was being correctly identi- to permit their separation, and genitalia of the 10 species fied. A study of the genitalia revealed that the vittata- known to occur in the United States are figured. (]uadrinotata complex in the Central United States also Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/66/1/55/23410 by guest on 01 October 2021

Tti 1954, Sanderson placed 5 species of elmids in especially useful. The shape of the parameres is also a new genus, Dubiraphia. Two, D. brumicscens (Fall useful; wrinkles on the membraneous inner margins 1925) and A ginlianii (Van Dyke 1949), are found (Fig. 1 B, E, I) are artifacts of mounting. The in California and can be readily distinguished (Van ventral shield appears to be of no taxonomic value, Dyke 1949). The other 3 species occur east of the and the phallobase was not used because it is fragile Rocky Mountains. /). bivittata (LeConte 1852) has and frequently mutilated when the genitalia are usually been correctly identified because it is dis- removed. tinctly larger, but /). quadrinotata (Say 1825) and All Dubiraphia are very similar morphologically, /). vittata (Melsheimer 1844) have caused much differing mostly in size, color pattern, and male confusion. They have, frequently been considered genital structure. Within a species there are often synonyms, probably a result of LeConte's statement wide differences in general coloration. In D. vittata, (1852) that "Dr. Melsheimer's species, as I know for example, the color of the pronotum ranges from by actual inspection, is only an immature specimen piceous to testaceous. At first a species difference of the not unusual variety with the spots confluent was suspected, but corresponding differences could forming a vitta." not be found in the genitalia. In individuals with a A study of male genitalia of Dubiraphia collected piceous pronotum, other structures such as the vittae, in Wisconsin revealed 4 species in the quadrinotata- legs, venter, gula, etc., are dark, and in those with a vittata complex, and additional material from Okla- testaceous pronotum these structures are correspond- homa and Louisiana loaned to me by Harley Brown ingly light. Color differences seem to be related to contained 3 more species. A complete generic revi- habitat, with beetles from the same stream having sion is needed, but other commitments did not permit less variation in coloration. Variations in size were me to undertake this task. The results of this pre- also noticed when populations from different streams liminary study are presented to permit identification and especially from different regions of the country of species known to occur in the Central United were compared. D. vittata adults from southern States and to stimulate additional study of this States average smaller than those from Wisconsin. genus. In this paper, I will figure the genitalia of all In Wisconsin, D. vittata can be readily separated known species (Fig. 1), expand descriptions of D. from D. minima by its larger size, but D. vittata vittata, D. bivittata, and D. quadrinotata, describe 5 from Tennessee and Ohio are near the size of D. new species, and provide a key to species known to minima. occur in the Central United States. Except for types of D. vittata and D. bivittata T have placed much reliance on the male genitalia and specimens of D. ginlianii and D. bnawescens, for separation of species. Because of their extremely all beetles examined in this study were preserved small size, genitalia were mounted on microscope in 70% ethanol. Occasionally specimens were coated slides dorsal side up in Hoyer's medium. In all spe- with debris. Encrustations were readily removed by cies the aedeagus has a dorsal keel in at least the placing beetles in concentrated HC1 for ca. 30 sec. basal half and is curved ventrad near the apex. a technique that has been very valuable in cleaning Within most species there are variations in the size other elmids, especially Stenclmis. The location of and shape of the aedeagus. The extreme variations type specimens is detailed under each species. Other suggested possible species differences, but series re- specimens that were studied are housed in the Uni- veal many shapes and sizes between the extremes. In versity of Wisconsin insect collection or in the spite of variations, the aedeagus is the most valuable Stovall Museum at the University of Oklahoma. character for separating species. A sheath near the Because of similarity in morphology and coloration tip has a dorsal straited area (Fig. 1 B, F) that is among all Dubiraphia, characteristics possessed in common by all species studied are described below 3 Published with the approval of the Director of the Research Division, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. Research in detail, expanding on the generic description by supported in part by a grant from the "Wisconsin Department of Sanderson (1954), and are not repeated under the Natural Resources. Received for publication May 17, 1972. 55 56 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA [Vol. 66, no. 1 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/66/1/55/23410 by guest on 01 October 2021

FIG. 1.—Dorsal view of genitalia of Dubiraphia. A, D. quadrinotata; B, C, D. vittata; D, I), bivittata; E, I), robusta; F, G, D. minima; H, D. browni; I, D. brcvipcnnis; J, D. prava; K, D. brunncsccns; L, D. giulianii. Scale on each photomicrograph = 100 turn. January 1973J HILSENHOFF: NOTES ON DubirapJiia 57 descriptions of each species. The length of the elytra Legs.—All legs subequal, prothoracic legs slightly (measured with the base and apex in the same plane) shorter. Femora and tibiae with scattered setae and was relied upon as a measure of size, rather than fine punctures separated by 1-4 times the diameter overall length, which varied depending on the pos- of a puncture. Area between punctures with reticu- ture of the beetle at death. The length of the aede- late sculpturing and fine pubescence. Inner margins agus was measured from the midpoint of a line be- of tibiae with several bristlelike setae, a patch of tween the knoblike basolateral angles of the median tomentum on distal fourth, and a pair of apical lobe to its apex. The "striated area ratio" was spines. Last tarsal segment subequal to preceding obtained by measuring the distance from the apex four, with short spines on the inner sides of all seg- of the aedeagus to the point where striae were no ments. Tarsal claw simple, hooked, ca. % length of longer distinct, and dividing by the total length of last tarsal segment. the aedeagus. The following key is presented to separate species of Dubiraphia in the Central United States. Although Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/66/1/55/23410 by guest on 01 October 2021 Dubiraphia Sanderson 1954 the key is to males, it may be used for females if one Head.—Black, with large continuous patch of flat, keeps in mind that they usually are 5-10% larger pale tomentum behind and below each eye. Remainder than males. Species can be identified without ex- of head sparsely covered with light hairs and fine amining genitalia, but the genitalia are diagnostic punctures separated by 1—4 times the diameter of a and should be examined to confirm identifications. puncture. Area between punctures glabrous. Gula often much lighter in color. Maxillary palpi 4-seg- Key to Species of Dubiraphia in the Central United mented. Antennae testaceous to rufotestaceous, slen- States (Males) der, 11-segmented, and extending almost to posterior 1. Large, length of elytra 2.1-2.4 mm. Aedeagus ca. 5 margin of prothorax. times as wide as parameres at midlength (Fig. 1 Pronotum.—Sides slightly sinuate in basal third, D) D. bivittata Smaller, length of elytra 1.9 mm or less. Aedeagus then conspicuously narrowed to apex. Widest just not more than 3 times as wide as parameres at behind middle, but only slightly wider than at base. midlength 2 Pronotum at anterior margin %-% as wide as at 2. Usually quadrinotate; if vittate, vittae cover only posterior margin. Anterior margin broadly rounded, 3rd interval at basal third. Elytra 1.6-1.9 mm long. Aedeagus thin and sword-shaped, 400-470 with projecting anterolateral angles. Posterior mar- /tm long (Fig. 1 A) D. quadrinotata gin slightly concave on each side of middle, which Vittate; if quadrinotate, elytra less than 1.5 mm is slightly more caudad than lateral margins. Con- long. Aedeagus less than 400 /tm long and as vex above and sparsely covered by pale setae and wide or wider than parameres at midlength 3 3. Elytra at least 1.6 mm long. Aedeagus broad with moderate punctures separated by Y>-2 times the base of striated area close to midlength (Fig. 1 diameter of a puncture. Area between punctures B, C, E) 4 glabrous with only a hint of sculpturing. Elytra less than 1.6 mm long. Aedeagus variable . . 5 Elytra.—Elongate, nearly parallel sided in basal 4. Robust species, width of pronotum 0.75 mm or greater. Aedeagus more than 335 /tm long (Fig. -:'i and then narrowed to a rounded apex. Widest at 1 E) D. robusta, n. sp. posterior T'<, but only slightly wider than just behind Smaller, narrower species, pronotum less than 0.75 base. Rase of each elytron with 7 longitudinal rows mm wide. Aedeagus less than 325 /tm long (Fig. of coarse punctures separated longitudinally on disc 1 B, C) D. vittata 5. Palpi rufous to rufopiceous, darker than antennae. hy VAT-VZ the diameter of a puncture and laterally by Occasional individuals with a pale pronotal disc distances sometimes equal to the diameter of a punc- may have rufotestaceous palpi that are only ture. Rows of punctures laterally and in apical Vi slightly darker than antennae. Aedeagus wide often impressed to form striae. Area between punc- or narrow 6 Palpi testaceous or rufotestaceous, same color as tures with very fine punctures and reticulate sculp- antennae. Aedeagus elongate, less than twice turing. Ground color piceous to rufous, usually with width of parameres at midlength 7 2 lighter vittae or interrupted vittae. 6. Vittae nearly constant in width, only slightly wider Venter.—Entire surface covered with medium- near middle, and usually not contrasting sharply with dark background. Aedeagus broad, with diameter punctures, which are denser on prosternum. striated area ratio more than 0.48 (Fig. 1 B, C) Areas between punctures with reticulate sculpturing D. vittata and a fine pubescence, except on the middle of thor- Vittae narrow and sometimes obscure at basal third, acic sterna and 1st abdominal sternum (frequently conspicuously widened near middle to include 3rd-6th intervals, and usually contrasting sharply other abdominal sterna also) which are glabrous. with dark background. Aedeagus narrow, with Pubescence especially dense laterally on thorax. En- striated area ratio less than 0.34 (Fig. 1 F, G) tire venter piceous to rufous, except middle of sterna D. minima, n. sp. which may be lighter. Prosternum with 2 short di- 7. Basal half of femora distinctly darker than apical half, tibiae, and tarsi. Often quadrinotate, with agonal carinae which do not reach anterior margin. lateral half of basal spot lighter. If vittate, vittae Metasternum with a carina extending from inner narrow, not occupying more than 3 intervals near margins of each middle coxal cavity caudad at a middle, often only 2. Aedeagus 290-310 /tm long, slight diagonal for }•> length of metasternum. Each with striated area ratio 0.36-0.41 (Fig. II) D. brevipennis, n. sp. lateral margin of 4th abdominal sternum with a Femora unicolorous, about same color as tibiae and small, distinct projection just behind middle. slightly darker than tarsi. Rarely quadrinotate. 58 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA [Vol. 66, no. 1 Vittae wider, occupying 3 or more intervals near Lincoln Co., 3 $,3 2 ; Marinette Co., 1 $ ; Marquette middle. Aedeagus longer, with striated area ratio Co., 5 $, 1 2 ; Oneida Co., 1 S, 5 2 ; Price Co., 2 cj, less than 0.35 8 5 2 ; Richland Co., 1 2 ; Rock Co., 1 8,1 2 ; Rusk Co., 8. Dark median stripe of elytra as light or lighter 1 $ ; Sheboygan Co., 2 5,22; Taylor Co., 5 $, 5 2 ; than pronotal disc, usually brown, and distinctly Vilas Co., 1 $ ; Walworth Co.. 15 S, 15 2 ; Washing- widened near middle to include 3rd interval. ton Co., 1 2 ; Waukesha Co., 1 6. Parameres narrowly rounded at tip (Fig. 1 H), aedeagus long (345-400 nm) and not constricted near middle D. browni, n. sp. Dubirapbia vittata (Melcheimer) Median stripe of elytra darker than pronotal disc, Head.—Palpi piceous to rufotestaceous. usually piceous, parallel sided in middle third and rarely covering 3rd interval. Parameres broadly Pronotum.—Length 0.48-0.61 mm, width 0.55-0.73 rounded or truncated at tip; aedeagus 310-370 mm. Piceous to testaceous. Anterior margin pale. fjLtn long, narrow and frequently constricted just In light specimens, lateral and posterior margins past middle (Fig. 1 J) D. parva, n. sp. piceous.

Elytra.—Length 1.38-1.83 mm, width 0.74-0.94 mm. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/66/1/55/23410 by guest on 01 October 2021 Dubiraphia quadrinotata (Say) Piceous with broad rufopiceous to testaceous vittae. Head.—Palpi piceous to rufopiceous. Vittae usually not sharply defined and often only Pronotum.— Length 0.55-0.66 mm; width 0.62-0.75 slightly lighter than ground color, sometimes diffi- mm. Piceous to rufous with anterior margin pale. cult to discern in dark specimens. Vittae extend Elytra.—Length 1.57-1.90 mm; width 0.75-0.90 from 2nd interval to margin at base, narrow to cover mm. Piceous to rufopiceous with rufopiceous to 3rd-5th intervals from basal sixth to past middle, rufotestaceous vittae. Vittae usually interrupted in where they widen very little; narrowed further in basal third to form 4 spots. Basal spots covering posterior third, terminating before apex. Vittae 2nd row of punctures to near margin at base, and sometimes cover only 3rd and 4th intervals. narrowed to 3rd interval at basal sixth. Apical spots Legs.—Length middle tibiae 0.45-0.50 mm. Fe- elongate, covering 3rd-5th intervals, beginning just mora piceous to rufopiceous. Tarsi rufopiceous to before middle and extending almost to apex. Both testaceous and lighter than femora and tibiae. dark and pale vittae diffuse at apex. Occasionally Gcnitalia.— (Fig. 1 B, C).—Length of aedeagus basal and apical spots connected by obscure vittae 262-322 fim. Aedeagus broad, distinctly narrowed in on 3rd interval only. apical fourth. Striated sheath easily seen. Striated Legs.—Length middle tibiae 0.41-0.55 mm. Fe- area ratio 0.48-0.58. Parameres about half as wide mora rufotestaceous to rufopiceous; tarsi rufotestace- as aedeagus at midlength and somewhat constricted before tip. ous. Tibiae usually darker than tarsi and lighter than T femora. Comparative A otcs.—The aedeagus is distinctive, Gcnitalia.— (Fig. 1 A). Length of aedeagus 402- being broad, with the base of the striated area near 470 /mi. Aedeagus elongate, thin, sword-shaped, the middle. There is much variation in the shape of curving ventrally at tip. Parameres nearly parallel the aedeagus and in the color of the pronotum, but sided, not constricted before tip, and wider than more than 125 specimens have been studied and there aedeagus at midlength. Striated sheath inconspicu- are no correlations. Furthermore, there are numer- ous. ous intermediates between all possible extremes. Only D. robusta has a similar aedeagus, but it is dis- Comparative Notes.—The very long, narrow, tinctly longer. D. robusta is also a more robust sword-shaped aedeagus of the male is distinctive. species, the pronotum being noticeably wider than This species can be readily distinguished by its in large D. vittata that are the same length. Where quadrinotate elytra and dark palpi. Rarely D. minima D. vittata has been collected from the same stream as may have this combination of characters, but it is a D. minima, it is always distinctly larger and both distinctly smaller species. When a vitta connects the sexes can be easily separated. The margins of the spots, it is confined to the 3rd interval; in other spe- vittae are usually not sharply defined as in /). cies the vittae are wider, or when narrowed are con- minima, but tend to blend into the dark background. fined to the 4th interval. Many specimens are so dark that vittae are difficult Type.—The original type specimen has been lost to see, a characteristic not noticed in D. minima. and no mention was made of the site where it was The vittae are also nearly constant in width, cover- collected (Say 1825). I have examined only a limited ing the 3rd-5th or 4th intervals, and not abruptly number of Dubiraphia from the States east of Wis- widened near the middle. consin and cannot be certain that another quadrino- tate species does not exist, but I assume that the Type.—The holotype male was collected in Penn- quadrinotate species from Wisconsin is D. quadrino- sylvania (Melsheimer 1844) and is in the Harvard tata because it is numerous and fits Say's brief de- Museum of Comparative Zoology. 1 found this male scription. to be smaller than specimens from Wisconsin, but similar in size to individuals from Ohio and Ten- Specimens Examined.—WISCONSIN : Adams Co., 2 $ , nessee. 1 2 ; Bayfield Co., 1 $ ; Burnett Co., 1 $A 2 ; Calumet Co., 1 $, 1 2 ; Dane Co., 2 2 ; Door Co., 1 $, 1 2 ; Specimens Examined.—ALABAMA: Atmore, 2 $ ; Florence Co., 2 $,4 $ ; Fond du Lac Co., 1 $, 1 $ : MARYLAND: Indian Springs, 1 $ ; OHIO: East of Cuba, Forest Co., 5 $, 5 2 ; Green Co., 1 $ ; Iowa Co., 2 5,3 5 $ ; East of Marshall, 1 $ ; OKLAHOMA: Love Co., 2 2 ; Jefferson Co., 8 #,19 2 ; Lafayette Co., 1 $, 1 2 ; $ ; Comanche Co., 2 $ ; TENNESSEE : Murfreesboro, 4 lanuarv 1973] HILSEXUOFF: NOTES ON Dubiraphia 59 i? ; TKXAS : East of Wilmeth, 3 $ ; WISCONSIN : Barron wide as parameres at midlength. Striated area ratio Co., 1 9 ; Buffalo Co., 1 $ ; Burnett Co., 3 9 ; Clark 0.49-0.52. Parameres somewhat constricted before Co., 9 3,6 9 ; Columbia Co., 1 9 ; Florence Co., 2 3, 3 9 ; Forest Co., 1 3,2 9 ; Jefferson Co., 4 3,2 9 ; broadly rounded tip. Junoau Co., 1 3 ; Kenosha Co., 1 3 ; Lincoln Co., 3 $, Comparative Notes.—The large size separates this 8 9 ; Manitowoc. Co., 1 9 ; Marquette Co., 1 3 ; Out- species from most D. vittata. Large D. vittata have gamie Co., 1 3,2 9 ; Ozaukee Co., 4 3,5 9 ; Portage a proportionately narrower pronotum than D. robusta. Co., 2 3 ; Kichland Co., 6 3,3 9 ; Rusk Co., 1 3 ; Sank Co., 12 3, 5 9 ; Sheboygan Co., 11 3,11 9 ; Tay- The aedeagus resembles that of D. vittata, but is lor Co., 29 3, 27 9 ; Walwortb Co., 1 9 ; Washington distinctly longer. Co., 1 3 ; Waupaca Co.. 2 3 ; Waushara Co., 1 $ ; Types.—The only specimens were 4 3 and 3 9 Wood Co., 1 3. collected Sept. 1, 1971, from Mudhen Lake in Bur- nett Co., Wis. The holotype male, allotype female, Dubiraphia bivittata (LeConte) and paratypes are deposited in the University of Head.—Palpi piceous, occasionally rufous. Wisconsin collection. Additional paratypes are in the Pronotum.—Length 0.67-0.78 mm, width 0.82-0.90 National Museum of Natural History and the Mus- Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/66/1/55/23410 by guest on 01 October 2021 nun. Rufous to testaceous, with lateral and posterior grave Collection. margins piceous. Anterior margin pale. Elytra.—Length 2.12-2.35 mm, width 1.01-1.16 Dubiraphia minima, n. sp. nun. Piceous with rufotestaceous to testaceous vit- Head.—Palpi usually piceous to rufopiceous, oc- tae. Vittae entire, extending from 2nd interval to casionally rufotestaceous. margin at base and covering 3rd through 6th inter- Pronotum.—Length 0.46-0.55 mm, width 0.52- vals from basal sixth past middle, narrowing in 0.65 mm. Piceous to testaceous, paler along anterior apical third. All markings diffuse and hard to dis- margin. When testaceous darker laterally and pos- cern near apex. teriorly. Leys.—-Length middle tibiae 0.62-0.68 mm. Femora Elytra.—Length 1.32-1.55 mm, width 0.69-0.81 mm. and coxae piceous, tibiae and trochanters slightly Piceous with rufopiceous to testaceous vittae which lighter. Tarsi rufotestaceous to testaceous. are usually well defined and much lighter than Genitalia.— (Fig. 1 D). Length of aedeagus 562- ground color. Vittae covering 2nd intervals to near (>34 fx\n. Parameres narrow, only ca. Vr, as wide as margin at base and abruptly narrowed at basal sixth; median lobe at midlength. Sheath not prominent. further narrowed and often obscured at basal third, Striated area ratio 0.52-0.59. covering 3rd and 4th intervals in most specimens, Comparative Notes.—The large size is distinctive; 3rd-5th in some specimens, only the 4th interval in no other Dubiraphia has elytra exceeding 2 mm in others. Rarely quadrinotate. Vittae conspicuously length. The large aedeagus with narrow parameres widened just past middle, usually covering 3rd-6th is also distinctive. intervals, and then narrowed in posterior third. Vit- Types.—The holotvpe female was collected from tae diffuse near tip. the Upper Mississippi River (LeConte 1852) and Legs.—Length middle tibiae 0.40-0.46 mm. Femora is in the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. rufous to piceous, tarsi lighter, rufous to testaceous. 1 found it to be the same as 7). bivittata collected Genitalia.— (Fig. 1 F, G). Length of aedeagus from Wisconsin. 322-378 fim. Aedeagus elongate, distal fifth con- Specimens Examined.—WISCONSIN : Columbia Co., 1 spicuously narrowed; about as wide as parameres at 9 ; Outagamie Co., 1 3.1 9 ; Ozaukee Co., 14 3, 11 midlength. Aedeagus parallel sided or tapered in 9 ; Wai worth Co., 1 3 ; Waukesha Co., 1 3 ; Waushara basal three-fourths. Striated area short, ratio 0.28- Co., 1 3,2 9. 0.34. Parameres slightly narrowed before broadly rounded tip that tends to be truncated on inner Dubiraphia robusta, n. sp. margin. Head.—Palpi rufopiceous. Comparative Azotes.—The aedeagus is elongate with Pronotum.—Length 0.61-0.65 mm, width 0.76-0.81 a short striated area that begins ca. % of the way mm. Rufous, darkest on anterior third, with anterior from the base to tip. The shape of the aedeagus margin testaceous and other margins piceous. Reticu- varies, some being wider than others, some being late sculpturing fairly evident between punctures. parallel sided (Fig. 1 F), and others tapered (Fig. Elytra.—Length 'l.80-1.90 mm, width 0.95-0.98 1 G) with every conceivable combination, but all are mm. Piceous with broad, rufotestaceous vittae. Vittae narrower than in D. vittata and D. robusta, and at base extend from 2nd interval almost to margin, wider than in 77. quadrinotata. The aedeagi of D. narrowed to cover 3rd-5th intervals at basal sixth, brevipennis, D. brozvni, and D. parva are similar to widened to cover 3rd-6th intervals at middle; nar- 7). minima. That of D. brevipennis is shorter and rowed somewhat in posterior third and terminating has a relatively longer striated area. D. brozvni has before reaching apex. a somewhat longer aedeagus than D. minima and is Venter.—No glabrous area on abdominal segment 2. readily separated from it by the distinctive shape of Leys.—Length middle tibiae 0.51-0.54 mm. Fe- the parameres. 77. minima can be distinguished from mora and tibiae mostly piceous, tarsi rufotestaceous. D. brevipennis, D. brozvni, and 77. parva which are Genitalia.—(Fig. 1 E). Length of aedeagus 340- about the same size, by its rufous to piceous palpi. 356 /xm. Aedeagus long and broad, about twice as In occasional beetles with pale pronota, the palpi may 60 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA [Vol. 66, no. 1 also be pale, but they are still darker than the an- color of the elytra in D. browni is usually lighter, tennae. In the South where some D. vittata may be the median dark stripe being about the same color the same size, D. minima can be distinguished by its or lighter than the pronotal disc. The dark median sharply defined and abruptly widened elytral vittae stripe is usually distinctly widened near the middle that include the 6th interval and usually the 6th row to include the 3rd interval while in D. parva this of punctures just posterior to the middle. stripe is parallel sided in the middle third and usu- Types.—The male holotype, female allotype, and ally does not extend much past the 2nd row of punc- paratypes were selected from beetles collected Sept. tures. 30, 1971 from Silver Cr., Taylor Co., Wis. The Types.—This species was named after the col- holotype, allotype, and several paratypes are in the lector, Harley P. Brown, who encouraged me to make University of Wisconsin collection. Additional para- this study. The holotype male, allotype female, and types are in the National Museum of Natural His- paratypes were collected June 22 and July 22, 1963 tory, the Musgave Collection, the Harvard Museum

from the Kiamichi R., Leflore Co., Okla. The holo- Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/66/1/55/23410 by guest on 01 October 2021 of Comparative Zoology, and the Stoval Museum. type, allotype, and paratypes are in the Stovall Mu- Specimens Examined.—INDIANA : Hillsboro, 5 $ ; seum. Additional paratypes are in University of MARYLAND : Indian Springs, 3 $ ; MISSOURI : Big Piney Wisconsin Collection, the National Museum of Natu- R., 5 $ ; Competition, 3 $ ; OHIO : Marion, 1 $ ; OKLA- ral History, the Musgrave Collection, and Harvard HOMA : Adair Co., 1 $ ; Atoka Co., 4 $ ; Cherokee Co., 2 $ ; Comanche Co., 1 $ ; Johnston Co., 4 $ ; Murray Museum of Comparative Zoology. Co., 2 $ ; Pontotoc Co., 4 $ ; WISCONSIN : Burnett Co., Specimens Examined.—OKLAHOMA: Leflore Co., 13 $, 15 $, 22 9 ; Clark Co., 1 6\ 1 9 ; Dane Co., 1 $,1 9 ; 11 9 ; McCurtain Co., 12 $,S 9. Florence Co., 19 $, 22 9 ; Forest Co., 4 $,2 9 ; Green Co., 1 $ ; Iowa Co., 4 $, 1 9 ; Jackson Co., 1 $ ; Jef- Dubiraphia brevipennis, n. sp. ferson Co., 6 $, 1 9 ," Langlade Co., 1 S ; Lincoln Co., 29 3.14 9 ; Marathion Co., 2 $,2 9 ; Oconto Co., 1 Head.—Palpi rufotestaceous to testaceous. 9 ; Oneida Co., 9 $,7 9 ; Price Co., 1 $ ; Richland Pronotum.—Length 0.46-0.48 mm, width 0.52-0.55 Co., 6 $ ; Rusk Co., 1 9 ; Sauk Co., 2 $, 1 9 ; She- mm. Piceous to rufous, often darker laterally in ru- boygan Co., 1 $, 1 9 ; Taylor Co., 24 $, 21 9 ; Vernon fous individuals. Anterior margin pale. Co., 1 $ ; Walworth Co., 2 5\ 1 9 ; Washburn Co., 10 S, 11 9 ; Waukesha Co., 1 9 ; Waupaca Co., 3 $ ; Elytra.—Length 1.38-1.52 mm, width 0.67-0.71 Winnebago Co., 2 9. mm. Piceous with rufotestaceous vittae that are often obscured or interrupted before middle to form Dubiraphia browni, n. sp. 4 spots. Vittae extending from 3rd interval to near Head.—Palpi rufotestaceous to testaceous. margin at base, lighter laterally; narrowed to in- Pronotum.—Length 0.44-0.49 mm, width 0.50-0.56 clude middle of 3rd to middle of 5th intervals from mm. Piceous to rufous, with very little change at basal sixth to basal third, or completely obscured in margins. this area. Vittae covering 4th-5th or 6th intervals Elytra. — Length 1.30-1.45 mm, width 0.66-0.70 in middle third and extending posteriorly to diffuse mm. Rufopiceous to brown, usually with rufotes- area near apex. taceous vittae, occasionally quadrinotate. Vittae usu- Legs.—Length middle tibiae 0.41-0.44 mm. Fe- ally extending from 2nd interval to near margin at mora rufous in basal half and testaceous in apical base, narrowed to cover 4th-5th or 6th intervals from half. Tibiae and tarsi same color as apical half of basal sixth to past middle; narrowed on posterior femora. third, becoming diffuse near apex. In quadrinotate Genitalia.—(Fig. 1 I). Length of aedeagus 290- specimens, anterior spot extending past basal sixth 308 fim. Aedeagus short, tapered to narrow tip in to cover 3rd-5th intervals; posterior spot elongate apical fifth; ca. V/> as wide as parameres at mid- and narrow, beginning just before middle and cover- length. Striated area ratio 0.36-0.41. Tips of para- ing only 4th and 5th intervals, ending in diffuse area meres broadly rounded, often somewhat truncated on near apex. inner margin. Venter.—Rufous to rufopiceous. Comparative Notes.—The aedeagus is distinctly Legs.—Length middle tibiae 0.40-0.43 mm. Ru- shorter than in D. minima, I), brozvni, and D. parva, fous to testaceous, with tarsi only slightly lighter and the striated area begins nearer to midlength than than femora. in these species. The basal spot (vitta in vittate Genitalia.— (Fig. 1 H). Length of aedeagus 348- individuals) does not cover the 2nd interval at the 396 fim. Aedeagus long and narrow, tapered to a base of the elytra and is darker mesally than laterally. relatively broad tip and slightly wider than parameres In all other species the vittae are usually widened at midlength. Striated sheath inconspicuous. Striated at the base to include the 2nd interval. The pale palpi area ratio 0.30-0.34. Parameres narrowly rounded separate D. brevipennis from D. minima and the at tip. darker basal halves of the femora and wide, parallel- Comparative Notes.—The narrowly rounded tips sided dark central stripe that covers the 3rd intervals of the parameres are distinctive. D. browni can also separate it from D. brozvni and D. parva, each of be separated from D. minima by its pale palpi and which has nearly unicolorous femora and either a from D. brevipennis by its femora which are uni- narrower central stripe or one that is not parallel colorous and only slightly darker than the tarsi. It sided. most closely resembles D. parva, but the ground Types.—The holotype male, allotype female, and 7 January 19731 HILSKXHOFF: NOTES ON Dubiraphia 61 paratypes all were collected June 19, 1966 at Ham- sided, but is tapered, especially in the basal half. mond, La., by Dr. Brown. The holotype, allotype, However, the beetles themselves can be separated and paratypes are in the Stovall Museum. Addi- from D. minima by their light-colored palpi, which tional paratypes are in the National Museum of are the same color as the antennae. Only rarely are Natural History, the Musgrave Collection, and the the palpi of D. minima pale, and then they are still University of Wisconsin collection. slightly darker than the antennae. D. parva adults closely resemble D. brcnvni in size and color pattern; Dubiraphia parva, n. sp. their separation is discussed under D. brozvni. Head.—Palpi rufotestaceous to testaceous. Types.—The holotype male, allotype female, and Pronotum.—Length 0.41-0.48 mm; width 0.51-0.57 paratypes were selected from 25 beetles collected by mm. Rufous to rufopiceous, with posterior and lateral Dr. Brown on June 26, 1963, from Buck Cr., Pon- margins piceous. totoc Co., Okla. The holotype, allotype, and para- types are in the Stovall Museum. Additional para-

Elytra.—Length 1.25-1.40 mm; width 0.62-0.68 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/66/1/55/23410 by guest on 01 October 2021 mm. Piceous to rufopiceous, with rufotestaceous to types are in the University of Wisconsin collection, testaceous vittae. Vittae extend from 2nd interval to the National Museum of Natural History, the Mus- margin at base, usually narrow to cover 3rd or 4th- grave Collection, and the Harvard Museum of Com- 5th intervals in basal third, and then widen to include parative Zoology. 3rd-6th or 7th intervals near the middle, but there is much variation. In some specimens vittae are nearly ACKNOWLEDGMENT uniform in width, in others obscured in basal third I thank Dr. Harley P. Brown, University of Okla- and almost quadrinotate. Vittae appear to extend to homa, and Mr. Hugh B. Leech, California Academy apex. of Sciences, for loaning me specimens used in this Leys.—Length middle tibiae 0.36-0.42 mm. Fe- study. I also thank Dr. Howard E. Evans, Harvard mora unicolorous, rufous to testaceous, occasionally Museum of Comparative Zoology, for loaning me slightly lighter at apex. Tibiae similar in color the types of D. vittata and D. bivittata. to femora and slightly darker than tarsi. (idiitalia.—(Fig. 1 J). Length of aedeagus 314— 366 ^m. Striated area ratio 0.30-0.34. Aedeagus nar- REFERENCES CITED row in apical half, frequently constricted near the Fall, H. C. 1925. New species of Hclmis (Coleoptera). middle. Constriction distinctive, but occurring in J. X.Y. Entomol. Soc. 33: 177-81. only half of specimens examined. Aedeagus at mid- LeConte, J. L. 1852. Synopsis of the Parnidae of the length narrower or about same width as parameres. United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 6: 41-45. Parameres broadly rounded at tip or slightly truncate Melsheimer, F. E. 1844. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera of the United States. Ibid. 2: 92-118. on inner margin. Sanderson, M. W. 1954. A revision of the Nearctic C\>>ii[>arati'Z'c I\Totcs.—The genitalia arc of the same genera of Elmidae (Coleoptera). J. Kans. Entomol. type as in /). minima, brozeni, and brevipennis and Soc. 27: 1-13. Say, T. 1825. Descriptions of new species of coleop- most closely resemble those of D. minima. Although teran insects inhabiting the United States. J. Acad. some /). parva have a distinctive constriction of the Nat. Sci. Phila. 5 : 160-304. aedeagus, others have genitalia very similar to those Van Dyke, E. C. 1949. New species of North Amer- of some 1\ minima. The aedeagus is never parallel ican Coleoptera. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 25: 49-56.