BRAVE NEW CONSULATES EAGLEBURGER’S REAL STORY THE GREAT ZIMBABWE

GLOBAL GAMBLES Making Sense of the New World Economy www.volvocars.com

IT’S ESPECIALLY ATTRACTIVE WITH DIPLOMATIC PLATES. SAVE UP TO $4,000

ON A CAR THAT EPITOMIZES TOP-LEVEL SECURITY, THROUGH VOLVO'S DIPLOMATIC SALES PROGRAM. QUALIFIED

DIPLOMATS CAN ORDER A NEW U.S. OR FOREIGN MODEL VOLVO AND HAVE IT SHIPPED TO ANY ONE OF EIGHT

U.S. PORTS OR 125 DESTINATIONS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. AND SINCE THE GLOBAL SITUATION IS ALWAYS CHANGING,

YOU CAN EVEN TAKE DELIVERY OF A U.S. MODEL IN EUROPE AND HAVE YOUR CAR SHIPPED FREE, WITHIN

36 MONTHS, TO THE U.S.A. SO CALL FOR A PERSONAL DIPLOMATIC SALES REPRESENTATIVE TODAY. DRIVE SAFELY. THE VOLVO OVERSEAS DELIVERY PROGRAM. 1-800-63H667

Restrictions apply. Copy of diplomatic credentials must be submitted with vehicle order for approval of eligibility. ©1998 Volvo Cars of North America, Inc. Drive Safely is a trademark of Volvo Cars of North America, Inc. Always remember to wear your seat belt. For car specifications, visit the Volvo Web site. Should he lose his bicycle too?

How long should he wait for a new one? He won’t. If you’re insured with Clements & Company, household effects claims are handled immediately, with personal attention to what matters — people.

Ask about the unique coverage provided under o our Missions Abroad program. CLEMENTS & COMPANY Insurance Worldwide.

1660 L Street, NW, 9th Floor, Washington, DC 20036 TELEPHONE (202) 872-0060 or (800) 872-0067 FACSIMILE (202) 466-9064 E-MAIL [email protected] WEBSITE http://www.clements.com Affordable Luxury If you are relocating, a business traveler or need temporary housing, we offer furnished apartments with all of the comforts ofhome.

AVALON CORPORATE APARTMENT HOMES ARE A MORE SENSIBLE AND AFFORDABLE ALTERNATIVE TO A HOTEL ROOM.

• Located minutes from • 2 miles from NFATC Pentagon, Washington, DC and National Airport. • Controlled access entry throughout building. • Luxurious one and two bedroom apartments • Our amenity package completely furnished and includes: outdoor pool, accessorized with fully and spacious Nautilus equipped gourmet fitness center. kitchens and washers and dryers. • Minutes from Ballston Metro. • Free cable TV. • Free underground parking. • Within walking distance of department stores, • Cats welcome. specialty shops and Washington Towers restaurants. • 5p.m. check-in time.

• Washington Towers is • 30-day minimum stay. adjacent to bike/jogging trail.

Avalon at Ballston No matter which Avalon location you choose, you will be impressed,!

Washington Towers 4650 N. Washington Blvd., Arlington, VA 22201 703-527-4409 or Fax 703-516-4369

Quincy Towers 1001 North Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22201 703-528-4600 or Fax 703-527-2356

Vermont Towers 1001 North Vermont St., Arlington, VA 22201 703-522-5550 or Fax 703-527-8731 CONTENTS

June 1998 I Vol. 75, No. 6

C OVER C O L U M N S

Focus ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 Who Started Those AFSA Awards? 16 / WHEN CULTURES COLLIDE By Dan Geisler Economic Forces Draw the U.S. and Japan Ever Closer, But We Still SPEAKING OUT /13 Don’t Understand Each Other. Needed: A Revolution in Consular Affairs Bi/ Ellen L. Frost By Kevin D. Stringer

24 / WHAT DIDN’T WE KNOW, AND POSTCARD FROM ABROAD / 60 WHEN DIDN’T WE KNOW IT? This Old Stone House U.S. Government Agencies Failed By Johnnie Prather To Report Adequately on the 1997 Asian Financial Debacle. Here’s Why. Focus Bi/ Robert Fmiver

A ESA AWARDS 32 / THE FSO WHO DID IT ALL Page 16 How Lariy Eagleburger Rose from Junior Officer to Secretaiy of State, With a Few Detours Along the Way By Bob Guldin

34 / THE WINNERS Photos of AFSA Winners at Their Posts

DEPARTMENTS SCHOOLS SECTIoN LETTERS/7 NATIVE LUNCH / 42 An Anthropologist’s Advice on CLIPPINGS / 10 Sending Your Kids to Foreign Schools BOOKS/ 61 By Gail Benjamin INDEX TO ADVERTISERS / 67

Cover and inside illustrations by Art Valero

THE MAGA7ANE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS

Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0015-7279), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published Editor Editorial Board monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit organization. Material appearing BOB GULDIN EDWARD MARKS, Chairman herein represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of the Journal, the Managing Editor ELIZABETH SPIRO CLARK Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries are invited. Journal subscription: AFSA Members - $9.50 included in KATHLEEN CURRIE MITCHELL A. COHN annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign airmail $36 per year. Periodical Assistant Editor THEODORE CRAIC postage paid at Manchester, N.H.. and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Foreign EVA-LOTTA JANSSON AURELIUS FERNANDEZ Service Journal, 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 200.37-2990. Indexed by Public Affairs Information Advertising 6- Circulation Manager DAVID I. HITCHCOCK Service (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations. Advertising ED MILTENBERC-ER KATHERINE INEZ LEE inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the endorsement of the services MARY LEWELLEN AFSA NEWS Editor or goods offered. FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6820. E-MAIL: [email protected]. WEB: www.afsa.org. TELE¬ POLLY GILBERT ROBERTA MAHONEY PHONE: (202) 338-4045. © American Foreign Service Association, 1998. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address MARK MATTHEWS Editorial Intern changes to AFSA Membership, 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. HELDER GIL CAROLINE MEIRS

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 3 In 1974, your car cost about $4300, your motel room around $2,0, and your wardrobe...well, we won’t go into that. In that same year, your AFSA personal property floater cost you 75

N»

The good news is that you have long since abandoned those groovy threads. And your AFSA personal property floater still costs only 75c per $100 of coverage.

The AFSA Personal Insurance Plan

NAME will insure you and your effects

ADDRESS no matter where you go outside

the United States. And that

protection comes at the same low For more information and an application, return this fonn via mail or fax, or call our AFSA desk directly for immediate answers to your questions. rate everywhere, world-wide. AFSA DESK • THE HIRSHORN COMPANY 14 EAST HIGHLAND AVENUE • PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 PHONE: 215.242.8200 // 800.242.8221 // D.c. AREA: 202.457.0250 • FAX: 215.247.6366 The AFSA Insurance Plan.

No exceptions, no excuses. The AFSA Personal Insurance Plan PRESIDENT’S VIEWS The Giver and the Gift

BY DAN GEISLER

In this issue of the Foreign Service their best and most frank advice. Journal, you can find out who won A few years later, Secretary of State the six A FSA named awards in The ferment of the Henry Kissinger arrived to preside 1998. These awards promote AFSAs over the annual ceremony, asking his goal of fostering liigh standards for ser¬ Vietnam War staff aide what the awards were for. vice and integrity in the Foreign The reply: “For disagreeing with your Service. On this page you can find out spawned AFSA’s policies, Mr. Secretary.” who is to thank for the existence of The other three AFSA Awards are those awards. awards for for extraordinary service. In 1982 In addition to the named awards, Pamela Harriman established the Avis this year’s award for Lifetime constructii'e dissen t. Bohlen Award in memory of the Contributions to American Diplomacy, spouse of Charles E. Bohlen, U.S. which is sponsored by AFSA itself, ambassador to France from 1962 to went to a member of the Foreign 1968. The Harriman and Bohlen fami¬ Service family, Larry Eagleburger. lies were close friends. This award rec¬ Eagleburger is the only career FSO to Union and to the United Kingdom. ognizes a Foreign Service family mem¬ have become secretary of State. Harriman strongly encouraged career ber for volunteer service. Former National Security Advisor officer's to give their frank views to their More recently, in 1990 groups of Brent Scowcroft is scheduled to pre¬ politically appoirrted masters, and Foreign Service secretaries around the sent the award to Eagleburger at endowed die award for junior officer's world banded together to discuss and AFSAs June 23 ceremony. through a family foundation. promote measures to further their The six named awards fall into two William R. Rivkin was a dynamic recognition and professional advance¬ categories. Three awards are for con¬ lawyer from the Midwest who brought ment. The}' requested AFSA to estab¬ structive dissent. The ferment of the a passion for truth and fairness to the lish an award for secretaries, and the Vietnam War spawned the establish¬ task of representing tire United States Governing Board established this ment in the State Department of the first in Luxembourg (1962-65), and award with funding from the Delavan Dissent Channel for disagreeing with drerr itr Senegal, where he was felled Foundation, established by the parents existing policy. In AFSA, the turmoil by a heart attack iir 1967. The Rivkin of Ann Harrop, spouse of Ambassador led to the creation of $1,000 annual family agreed to provide annual sup¬ William C. Harrop. awards for constructive dissent by a port for the mid-level dissent award, Finally, Jon Clements, president of junior, mid-level and senior officer. and has done so for three decades. the well-known insurance firm Averell Harriman’s distinguished William Rivkin’s widow presents the Clements & Co., in 1994 offered to career included domestic service as gov¬ awar d personally each year. fund a new award for community liai¬ ernor of New York and secretary of In 1969, family and friends of the son officers to be known as die M. commerce. During a foreign affairs distinguished Christian A. Herter, for¬ Juanita Guess Award in honor of his career that stretched from 1943 to 1969, mer governor of Massachusetts and sec¬ mother, who had earlier been active he held many high-ranking posts, retary of State (1959-61), arranged to with die company and had met many including ambassador to the Soviet support the senior award. The precise CLOs in die course of her travels. wording of tire criteria has changed over AFSA salutes diis year’s winners, Dan Geisler is president of the time, but the concept has been to and once again tiianks die generous American Foreign Sendee Association, encourage officers to speak out with donors. ■

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 5

♦ + ^ LIVING APARTMENT LUXURY FURNISHED FULLY to finance.Withcompetitive you’ll bedrivingaround Credit Unionisthebest"source State DepartmentFederal rates andaffordableterms, Looking foranewcar? enjoy lowerpaymentswithour in yourPOT 6 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE1998 new longertermloans.And, if borrow $25,000ormorewill it’s ausedcaryou’vegot your UNFURNISHED YEARLY LEASES AVAILABLE time. Plus,memberswho If youareoverseas,call 703-706-5000andletouroperators ^ newcar, AVALON PROPERTIES—ACOMPANYTHATCARESABOUTOURRESIDENTS ♦ GarageParking ♦ ValetDryCleaning ♦ 2LightedTennisCourts ♦ 2SwimmingPools CONVENIENCE ♦ Washer/DryerineachApartment ♦ Phone ♦ CableTV ♦ FullyFurnishedEff.,1,2and3 ♦ BusinessCenter ♦ WorkoutFacility Bedroom Apartments van ortruckinno It youarelookingForcomfortandconvenience,thechoiceiseasy.TheChaseatBethesdaoffers Affordable HotelLivingwiththeAdvantagesofaHome know sowe cangiveyoutoppriority. two twintowersintheheartofBethesdaandonly25stepstoMetro. I WOODMONTt YOU vehicle listedinthecurrent Assist Auto-Buyingservicecan eye on,wewillfinanceany edition oftheN.A.D.A.Official for you.Fromoverseas,call deliver acaroverseas Used CarGuide.Also,Priority 516-496-1817 or,for locate and THE CHASEATBETHESDA 703-706-5000. more information,callusat Priority Assistcollectat > startingfrom BETHESDA, Minimum )0-<)ayoccupancy OTHER ITEMS ♦ VacuumCleaner ♦ Roll-a-waybed ♦ Housekeeping ♦ Crib,DeskandChair ♦ JustMinutestoNIH,Navy ♦ 25StepstoMetro LOCATION ♦ StepsAwayto2GroceryStores, and Shopping. over 135Restaurants,Banks Bank andEmbassyRow. Hospital, Pentagon,World A traditionofserviceforover60years. www.sdfcu.org (Internet) 703-684-1613 (fax) 703-706-5000 •800-296-8882 Federal CreditUnion 1630 KingStreet•Alexandria,VA22314 Department NCUA No Search for Truth “almost” because I learned from my OIG’s Shoddy Work The articles in the March Journal friend that at least one interview that Two other officers and I have on the Office of the Inspector was known to be totally positive was been recently victimized by OIG General were long overdue. not included in the final presenta¬ Investigations and I would warn my Several years ago I met with two tion of the case. This appears to be colleagues to be very careful about OIG investigators (one was in train¬ an attempt to put the worst light on dealing with that group. Shoddy ing) . I expected to receive a text ol my a case, reflecting not a search for the work is being done by investigators testimony to sign as a way of showing who harbor vile intentions. that I agreed it was accurate. I I was ambushed by two investiga¬ received nothing. My friend, who tors who came to my foreign post later received the complete case, without notification and demanded including the testimony of almost to see me about a case which had everyone interviewed, approached taken place at another post three me to ask why I had said some of the years earlier. They failed to tell me untrue things that were in the text of the purpose of our conversation or my interview. I was dumbfounded that I was a target. After I shared when I read the text. Some state¬ what I could recollect ol the case, ments were out of context, which they adopted an accusatory tone and changed the meaning; some impor¬ tried to entrap me into agreeing to tant positive statements were left out; statements which were untrue. They and some were so changed that they displayed a profound lack of knowl¬ carried meanings opposite to what I edge of the laws and regulations had said. I assumed this was the result involved and the real-world environ¬ of the “trainees” having made errors. ment in which decisions are made. After reading Rep. Lee Hamilton’s They also asked a supervisor who article, “Reform the IGs Office,” I see arrived subsequent to the event to that this may be a pattern. truth of the matter, but a search for give his comments about how the In the preceding paragraph I guilt even if it has to be artificially case was handled. That officer mis¬ wrote that the complete case includ¬ created. understood key facts and was not ed the testimony of “almost every¬ When these operating procedures told that his comments were sought one interviewed.” I want to stress are coupled with the fact that the as testimony in an adversarial pro¬ accused does not know who the ceeding. In fact, his comments for The Foreign Service Journal welcomes accusers are or what claims they make general background were quoted in your signed letters to the editor. Please until ffie case is released from the OIG die OIG report and no attempt was mail letters to the Journal, 2101 E St., for disciplinary action (or lack there¬ made to clarify key points or misun¬ NW, Washington, D C., 20037; fax to of), it is easy to understand why people derstandings used to justify the rec¬ (202) 338-8244 or send via e-mail to think that their basic rights under our ommendation for discipline. [email protected]. Letters, which are Constitution are being denied. Throughout this affair, it was subject to editing, should include full Carol Rose clear that OIG had a hypothesis. name, title, and post, address and day¬ Former FSO Proceeding with the investigation, time telephone number. Arlington, Va. the OIG failed to follow exculpatory

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 7 LETTERS BRIDGESTREET® ACCOMMODATIONS

Formerly Exclusive Interim Properties

■ Furnished studios to leads and discarded testimony and OIG Never Leaks? 3 bedroom residences evidence which did not fit that Former IG Funk’s reply is rather ■ Nightly stays available hypothesis. The OIG’s final report is disingenuous. “If one thing is anath¬ ■ Fully equipped Kafkaesque and poorly written. The ema to an OIG, it is the leak of kitchens letter of intent from Personnel/ information for whatever reason. Employee Relations quotes regula¬ But I cannot recall any investigative ■ Individual washers/ tions out of context, applies them to dryers agent leaking anything, for any rea¬ inapplicable circumstances and son,” he said. ■ Cable T.V. & local makes accusations which are directly Let me refresh his memory. On phone included contradicted by the OIG report and March 6, 1989, I met wtith Sherman ■ Utilities included its attachments. Funk at my request. The subject was A final disturbing point: No one a memorandum of conversation Optional Maid service ■ in OIG or PER who is involved in (memcon) written by one Owen ■ On site fitness center the disciplinary process necessarily Roberts of his staff. The memcon & memberships to has any working knowledge of the freely combined the words “viola¬ local health clubs laws and regulations you will be tion” and “Act” (as in law) with my ■ Pet friendly locations accused of violating. If you are asked name and that of another FSO. The by OIG to comment on someone words “alleged,” “possible” or any¬ ■ Major credit cards accepted else, make sure you have the facts thing similar did not appear, and the straight. If asked to speak to OIG document was without distribution ■ One statement billing investigators, have a witness and pin limitation. ■ Locations nationwide them down as to their purpose. I have no idea how widely this including: Virginia, Name Withheld memcon circulated, except that I Maryland and D.C. FSO was not on the distribution list. I was Walk to new NFATC not aware of the memcon, or meet¬ Virginia Locations ing, or charges of guilt, until a friend Annandale, Arlington, Bring On Funk “leaked” a copy to me. And the other Ballston, Courthouse, Having worked for several decades FSO named was not aware of the sit¬ Crystal City, Fairfax City, in the U.S. government around but uation until I “leaked” him a copy. Falls Church never for die Foreign Service, I was par¬ At our meeting, Funk agreed ticularly fascinated by die OIG articles. that the memcon was in error, and Maryland Locations I have seen FSOs get unusually twitchy assured me that he would take Bethesda, Gaithersburg, with any reference to an upcoming OIG action to clarify the record. I later Rockville, Silver Spring audit and downright spastic with requested in writing a copy of his diought of an OIG investigation. clarification and never received any District Locations While it was hard for me to such thing. Dupont Circle, Foggy accept at face value the many criti¬ There, so far as I have been Bottom, Upper Northwest, cisms FSOs made against the OIG, I informed, the matter ended. But did Waterfront found the most damning witness of a it? While I was never questioned, Inquiries (703) 506-3993 “deeply deficient unit of the U.S. much less charged, in the matter, (800) 776-5057 government” in Sherman Funks could having seen the memcon FAX (703) 506-3997 responses to charges of OIG miscon¬ influenced those considering me for duct. That a simplistic police state the senior threshold? LET US SHOW YOU mentality is nested at the top of this I heartily agree with one point HOW WE OPEN organization should be a shock to all. made by Sherman Funk, that the DOORS TO HOMES Funk does an excellent job of mak¬ Journal series was too narrowly AWAY FROM HOMES! ing the case against the OIG. focused on the investigations side of 2828 Fallfax Drive Robert D. Fischer IG. “Paradoxically, the IG’s other Falls Church, VA 22042 Civil Service, Retired ‘review’ shops (audits, inspections) Paris, France have a much greater impact overall

8 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 than investigations.” In my case, the Other than the supervisor’s initial memcon was written by someone written statement, no collaborating from inspections, and auditors, not information was sought. The EEO investigators, were present at the staff made no effort to obtain infor¬ meeting. mation from any other embassy Perhaps the new IG will ask the source. FSJ to publish her rules on evidence, On my next visit to Washington, I accusations, publication and protec¬ brought my concerns to an EEO tion of those not formally charged representative. I was informed that with anything, rules for all elements if the facts as I portrayed them were in her office. true, there had been an egregious Dan Gamber violation of policy. Although the Retired FSO and EEO officer told me that he would Dependent Spouse investigate and inform me of the U.S. Embassy Bnissels results, I heard nothing more and have no reason to believe anything was done. I commend AFSA for its efforts “Service is my It’s Not Just OIG to put a leash on all the department’s The Journal’s look at the State watchdogs. Business” OIG made fascinating, if horrifying, Robert W. Maule reading for this retiree. I was Retired FSO Licensed real estate reminded, however, that injustices Poidsbo, Wash. broker in Virginia and were perpetrated by other depart¬ ment entities long before the OIG Maryland; certified by became so hyperactive. National Trust for Proud in Tangier In about 1987 a minority officer Historic Preservation; filed an Equal Employment Not all U.S. diplomatic represen¬ Opportunity grievance against his tation has left Tangier (“Living and certified buyer supervisor at Embassy London. At History in Tangier,” March agent. 15 years abroad the time I was the supervisor’s Journal). USIA operates one of the as career FS and supervisor. There may have been world’s largest international radio merit to the grievance, but the lack broadcasting stations here. This World Bank spouse of due process and the casual multi-million-dollar, state-of-the- provide experience for expenditure of scarce taxpayer art installation makes a major con¬ international and money bothered me then and trou¬ tribution to U.S. public diplomacy domestic relocations. ble me still. The grievant won his throughout Africa, Eastern Europe, case and was awarded full compen¬ the former Soviet Union and the sation for his legal expenses; a Middle East. MARGHI BARONE FAUSS, We were proud to contribute, in a memo was placed in the file of his ASSOCIATE BROKER, supervisor (who had just retired) small way, to the successful celebration (703) 790-9090, EXT. 243 that effectively banned his reem¬ for the Tangier American Legation (800) 548-9080, EXT. 243 ployment. What troubled me most Museum and are proud to continue was that I learned of the outcome the historic tradition of representing FAX: (703) 370-1410 only from the grievant. His supervi¬ the USA in Tangier. E-MAIL: [email protected] sor had not been informed of the David Sites adverse action taken against him. USIA International Even more surprising, the depart¬ Broadcasting Bureau ment took no action to verify the Morocco Relay Station facts and circumstances at the post. Tangier, Morocco ■

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 9 CLIPPINGS

DUAL NATIONALITY citizenship, writes Miller. When they are naturalized, new citizens under oath have VERSUS PATRIOTISM to declare that they “absolutely and entire¬ The growing trend of countries to ly renounce and abjure all allegiance and allow U.S. citizens some form of dual fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, citizenship could erode national unity, state and sovereignty, of whom or which warns John Miller in a May 18 National [ they] have heretofore been a subject or a Review article. citizen.” His article was sparked by a new But while the U.S. government tradi¬ Mexican law that allows U.S. citizens tionally objected to dual citizenship, a 1967 who were bom in Mexico — or those Supreme Court decision made it virtually with a parent bom in Mexico — to also impossible to lose U.S. citizenship. The “We are like a obtain Mexican nationality. high court in 1967 in Afroijini v. Rusk ruled cook who can The new Mexican law that came into that Americans retain their U.S. citizen¬ prepare food effect March 20 does not pemiit such ship unless they specifically renounce it. nationals to vote in Mexico, but does allow diem to have a Mexican passport and trav¬ accordingO to el the country freely. The law also allows U.N. REPORT SLAMS the order of the them to purchase property diat aliens can¬ owner of the not own as well as benefit from die same U.S. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT inheritance laws as Mexican citizens. The United States is often unjust and house. ” “The Mexican law nonetheless poses biased in its application of the death penal¬ serious risks. Due to die large numbers ty, according to a new United Nations potentially involved—diere are more than report. — PAKISTAN’S TOP seven million Mexican-born people living in “Defendants who receive a deadi sen¬ NUCLEAR SCIENTIST die United States — it tiireatens, in a way tence are not necessarily those who com¬ tiiat otiier countries’ dual citizenship has mitted die most heinous crimes,” conclud¬ DR. Alton. QADEER not, to erode die sentiments that tradition¬ ed U.N. Special Rapporteur Bacre Waly KHAN IVIIEN DECLAR¬ ally have allowed die United States to main¬ Ndiaye (Senegal) in a report to the U.N. tain national unity amid confounding levels Commission on Human Rights, released in ING HE WAS MILE TO of racial, edmic and religious diversity,” April. LAI NCH A NUCLEAR writes Miller. “Many factors, otiier than tire crime Beyond Mexico, about 50 countries itself, appear to induence tire imposition of EXPLOSION AT I IIS GOV¬ allow' some form of dual citizenship, many a death sentence. Class, race and econom¬ ERNMENT'S REQl EST. of them countries in South America, ic status, both of the victim and the defen¬ according to Miller. Some Americans do dant, are said to be key elements. It is THE HINDUSTAN participate in other countries’ elections. alleged that those who are able to afford TIMES, NEW DELHI. For example, about 1,800 U.S. citizens good legal representation have less chance voted in tins year’s Colombian Senate of being sentenced to deatii, ” Ndiaye says. MAY 13. elections. And a U.S. citizen and city “Racial attitudes of lawyers, prosecu¬ councilman of Hackensack, N.J., ran tors, juries and judges ... are also believed (unsuccessfully) for a seat in that body. to play a role in determining who will, or The trend of dual nationality clashes who will not, receive a deadi sentence.” with the founding fadiers’ idea about U.S. The system of elected judges — fueled

10 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 CLIPPINGS

by campaign contributions coupled with ment. In addition to recommending that judges serving relatively short terms — the United States halt any executions until “could put at risk the impartiality of elected it can ensure that death penalty cases are members of the judiciary,” according to the administered fairly and impartially, Ndiaye report. “It is very difficult for a judge who also called on the United States to abide by has reservations regarding the death penal¬ international law by abolishing the execu¬ ty to be re-elected.” tion of juveniles and retarded persons. In addition, Ndiaye said he believes that YEARS AGO the discretion of prosecutors to decide whether to seek the death penalty or not A ROAD TO HELL PAVED raises questions about the fairness of its administration. WITH GOOD INTENTIONS “I have before me an The report says that while world-wide New legislation designed to squelch egregious example of waste, there is a trend away from the use of the religious persecution around tire world inefficiency and bureaucrat¬ death penalty, the practice is increasing in will have just the opposite effect, accord¬ ic red tape, which, I think, die United States. On the federal level, die ing to the Presidents National Security needs some publicity.... This death penalty has been expanded to Adviser Samuel Berger. He wrote a office has an old lady pen¬ include 50 new offenses since the reinsti¬ Washington Post opinion piece opposing sioner who receives from tution of capital punishment in 1988. The the Freedom from Religious Persecution government funds the sum crimes punishable by death include non- Act published May 14, the same day of $60 monthly for subsis¬ homicidal offenses such as attempted Congress passed the measure. tence. To make this pay¬ assassination of die president, treason and While the promotion of religious free¬ ment this office must pre¬ major drug-trafficking. dom is also President Clinton s cause, the pare each month a set of Many states have also moved to reinstate administration opposes Congress’ papers totalling 24 sheets of capital punishment and widen its scope. approach to getting there, Berger wrote. paper and bearing 17 signa¬ When New York reinstated the deadi penal¬ The bill institutes automatic sanctions on tures by a consular officer,” ty in 1995, it was the 38th state to do so. In foreign governments that commit acts of wrote an anonymous FSO die past seven years, many states have religious persecution or that are not com¬ in a letter to the editor, pub¬ enacted law's increasing the number of batting acts of religious persecution by lished in the June 1948 “aggravating circumstances” diat qualify a private citizens vigorously enough, Journal. murder as a capital case. Since 1972, Florida according to Berger. Sanctions include “It probably costs the increased die number of “aggravating cir¬ restrictions on exports, foreign aid, U.S. government $20 in over¬ cumstances” from eight to 14. votes in international financial institu¬ head to make a single pay¬ Special Rapporteur Ndiaye, who based tions and visa eligibility. ment of $60. his report on a trip to die United States in “By depriving the president of the “No doubt the petty 1997, said he requested the visit “based on ability to determine when and how to bureaucrat will shrag his persistent reports suggesting that the guar¬ condemn and by adopting a one-size-fits- shoulders and point to antees and safeguards set forth in interna¬ all approach, the ... legislation risks the some regulation to justify tional procedures and specific restrictions well-being of those we are tlying to help,” this rigmarole. But to any on the death penalty were not being fully wrote Berger. “The bill would strengthen reasonable person this observed.” the hands of extremists seeking to incite represents an inexcusable After his visit, Ndiaye reported the intolerance and could result in greater waste of time and effort.” United States does not always follow inter¬ pressures — and even reprisals — against national law in its use of capital punish¬ minority religious communities.”

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 11 CLIPPINGS

SENATORS STAND UP Sen. Paul Wellstone (D-Minn.) May 4 called on his colleagues to release their “The whole FOR JAMES HORMEL holds. Nearing the end of this Congress, “It is wrong to prevent the Senate from history of the some senators are making a last ditch having an up-or-down vote on tills nomina¬ human race effort to confirm James Hormel as tion,” he said on the Senate floor. “If sena¬ Ambassador to Luxembourg. tors disagree with diis nomination, let contains no Hormel, heir to the Hormel Meat them come to tills very floor [and] explain such horrible Co. fortune, is a San Francisco philan¬ why they believe James Hormel is unfit to thropist and businessman who has sup¬ become an American ambassador because episode as this. ” ported gay organizations. he happens to be gay.”

— HENRI Although the Senate had confirmed He continued: “We have a qualified about 50 nominees by the end of the nominee who was resoundingly MORGENTHAU, SR., first session, the body did not confirm approved by the Senate Foreign U.S. AMBASSADOR TO Hormel. Several senators had placed Relations Committee. He is entitled to ‘holds’ on the vote, some saying Hormel a vote. And as a U.S. Senator, I am enti¬ THE OTTOMA N EMPIRE would promote a gay lifestyle overseas. tled to cast my vote for him.” WROTE IN 1919 OF THE But other senators are rising to his Wellstone added that he is prepared defense. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), to attach an amendment — which 1915 ARMENIAN for example, has launched an effort to would force the Senate to consider and HOLOCAUST. collect the 60 votes needed to release vote on the issue — to some other mea¬ the hold. sure the Senate will vote on. ■

THER^MNGIUN . Remington Short-Term Housing, offering convenience, 'elegance and comfort in prestigious Foggy Bottom within walking distance of the Kennedy Center and Georgetown. That Personal Teach, Year Home f)may From HomeI Featuring: • Spacious One-bedroom Condominiums -fully furnished w/balconies • In-Unit Washer/Dryer • Fully equipped kitchens/microwave • Unlimited local telephone service w/ans machine • Extended Cable TV/HBO and Showtime l Contact: Rosemary Jarvis or Antoinette Wilson 601 24th Street, NW Suitel02 Washington, DC 20037 Pent by the day, meek or month; (800) 225-3847; (202) 223-4512 Small Pets Accepted FAX: (202) 452-9541

. id

12 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 SPEAKING OUT Brave New Consular World

BY KEVIN D. STRINGER

Too often the role consular also deal with the problems of affairs plays in America’s lead¬ American citizens who show up on ership of the international Rapid globalization their doorsteps. The extremely impor¬ community is overlooked. That could tant commercial, cultural and tourist change in a post-Cold War world with of the economy has promotion functions as well as report¬ innovations in communications and ing on political and economic issues production technology. But the U.S. have been submerged under the elevated iow politics ’ consular establishment needs to weight of the visa factory. change the way it operates if it wants issues, which have Because of centralization and cost to take advantage of these advances. cutting, tire Department of State has If it does, consular affairs could been consular closed consulates and moved their func¬ become a decisive factor in U.S. for¬ tions to larger embassies in capital cities. eign policy in the next century. concerns. This trend started in die 1930s, when The Department of State should there were seven consulates for eveiy make it a goal to centralize visa and embassy overseas. Today drere are two passport production facilities in the embassies for even' consulate. On die United States. At the same time, small¬ face of it, it makes sense to centralize er and more cost-effective consulates consular functions for greater efficiency should be opened at more places sulates in key world regions than by in issuing passports and visas. But issu¬ around the world to provide American embassies in insulated world capitals. ing passports and visas is not tire sole citizen sendees, commercial services Traditional diplomacy has been con¬ purpose of a consulate. Perhaps it is and trade promotion, to support cultur¬ cerned with military and political issues, time to drink about what regional con¬ al and tourist interests, and to collect but rapid globalization of the world sulates bring to U.S. foreign policy. detailed political and economic infor¬ economy has elevated the importance of For example, consulates have been mation and intelligence. trade, commerce and tourism, tire “low closed in the last ten years in Zurich, The end of the Cold War shifted politics issues,” which have been con¬ Switzerland; Brisbane, Australia; emphasis from competition between sular- concerns, hr addition, many areas Bordeaux, France; Stuttgart, Germany the Soviet Union and the United States of the world are supporting regional, as and Poznan, Poland, witii the result to a world dominated by the United opposed to national, economic zones, that tire United States has lost impor¬ States. At tire same time, new issues which makes establishing more consular tant political and economic opportuni¬ became important: transnational posts important. ties. These cities are hardly backwaters. crime, narcotics, immigration, terror¬ Advances in communications, Zurich is a leading European financial ism, refugees, ethnic conflict and envi¬ including tire Internet and instanta¬ center. It doesn’t make sense drat while ronmental issues. These problems neous, worldwide satellite telecommu¬ the United States is interested in such would be better addressed by eon- nications, coupled with better produc¬ issues as banking secrecy, money laun¬ tion technology which enables better dering and the fate of money deposited Kevin D. Stringer is a former FSO security in printing documents, provide in Swiss banks by European Jews dur¬ who served in London and consular affairs the tools to implement ing World War II, it has no representa¬ Washington, D.C. He is now an inter¬ radical changes in the way it does busi¬ tive in tire heart of the Swiss banking national banker in Zurich, ness. Currently consulates are viewed world. In Poznan, an American con¬ Switzerland. as visa and passport factories drat must sulate could do wonders to facilitate

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 13 SPEAKING Our

American business entry into new sular outposts could facilitate. Many of these traditional consular con¬ markets. Still, implementation of a Unfortunately, in 1996 die U.S. closed cerns have been assigned to other gov¬ new consular network would require a die historic Bordeaux consulate, which ernment agencies due to bureaucratic change in attitude. In the United was opened in 1790. In die United inertia or lack of foresight. States, Washington, D.C. is the center Kingdom, consulates in Belfast and Second, the United States should of power, but in other countries power Edinburgh are essential to understand¬ centralize production of visas and pass¬ is spread among other economic and ing British politics. Aldiough Belfast ports, but increase its world-wide rep¬ ethnic regions. For example, countries remains open, the Department of State resentation. A basic business model as diverse as the Republic of Congo, has attempted to close die consulate in could be used for diis redesign. Just as France, and the United Kingdom all Edinburgh at a time when other no business runs solely from its head¬ have centers of power outside their European countries are expanding their quarters office, consular diplomacy capitals. consulates diere to take advantage of needs to be conducted in outlying Recent events in die Congo illustrate trade opportunities, particularly regions of the world. As in business, the why diverse consulates could play an Scotland's North Sea oil production production of visas could be centralized important role in U.S. foreign policy. A facilities. in the main office — die embassy — U.S. consulate in Kisangani could have How can die consular affairs be while die service centers in other provided early warning diat Hutu revamped to be more relevant and regions — consulates — maintain con¬ refugees were under threat and provid¬ more efficient in todays world? tact widi customers. Decentralization ed reports on die shifting intentions of First, consulates should be responsi¬ would enable consulates to gain greater Ugandan- and Rwandan-backed rebels. ble for promoting national trade, insight into a country’s issues. In France, new economic trade tourism and commercial interests and Centralizing visa and passport business zones are creating business and export should increase their roles in assisting in the embassy would relieve the con¬ opportunities for U.S. dims, which con¬ and protecting U.S. citizens overseas. sulate of excessive demands.

This Summer he Foreign Service Journal mgs You the Finest Books Simply access the American Foreign Service Association homepage !; on the internet, and we will direct you to where you will have access to millions of great books. The receives a referral fee on I every book you buy, so the more you read, the better we can serve you as reader.

gives you access to books- simply access our web site at L

14 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 SPEAKING OUr

These new-style consulates would Passport Center have freed consular proof. Since all blank documents would have to be structured differently than sections overseas from routine clerical be stored in one place, fraudulent use of those now in existence. Without tire chores. This allows consulates to con¬ passports would be reduced. Americans need to house a visa and passport centrate on interviewing applicants for whose passports are lost or stolen over¬ operation with classified storage, a immigrant visas while the center han¬ seas could be issued a temporary travel large building and a large mainte¬ dles processing. But the centers document. When they apply for per¬ nance bill, they could be housed in responsibilities could be expanded to manent passport, pictures and applica¬ smaller, traditional office spaces and handle all immigrant visa correspon¬ tions could be checked against perma¬ be staffed with from one to four dence, scheduling of visa interviews nent records. Foreign Service officers and a secre¬ and processing of specialized non¬ The implementation of more cen¬ tary. Such an office would have state- immigrant working visas. This type of tralized visa and passport operations of-the art telecommunications equip¬ centralization would improve visa anti¬ coupled with the expansion of consular ment for contact with the embassy fraud capabilities by collecting all responsibilities to include a broad and Washington, D.C. and would information in one place. spectrum of commercial, tourist, cul¬ maintain no classified documents. Similarly, tire creation of a National tural, and political functions, would This model would also allow more Passport Center is a major step in cen¬ enable die American consular estab¬ U.S. representation overseas without tralizing domestic passport production. lishment to better address the new set the high costs of maintaining tradi¬ Why not carry this process a logical step of transnational issues confronting US tional consulates. further turd produce all passports at one policy makers. The end result would Several important steps have large center in the United States? In be better global representation of U.S. already been taken to centralize con¬ addition to being more economical, a interests and an improved framework sular production. Creation of the centralized passport function would for managing Americas foreign affairs National Visa Center and National mean passports drat are more tamper resources. ■

Slip Into Something Comfortable Next Time You’re InTown

SMITH CORPORATE LIVING Furnished Luxury Apartments Guaranteed To Make You Feel At Home

• 30-day minimum stay • Completely furnished apartments • All utilities included • Local telephone service with voicemail • Fully-equipped kitchens • 25” color TV w/VCR, basic cable, free HBO • No security deposit • Smith Advantage concierge sendees

The Lansburgh Gateway Place Columbia Crossing Arlington Charter Oak The Westerly At Downtown Crystal City Pentagon/Arlington Courthouse Plaza Raton Worldgate Wash., D.C. Rosslyn Herndon The Bennington Skyline Towers Corcoran House Crystal City Falls Church Lincoln Towers Dupont Circle, D.C. Ballstan SMITH W'atcr Park The Renaissance w 2501 Porter Towers Tysons Comer The Ellipse Emm CORPORATE W NWWash., D.C. Crystal City Fairfax/Fair Oaks Call Toll-Free Oakwood at Connecticut Heights The Parc Vista Tysons Springfield 1'888-234-STAY (7829) NWWash., D.C. Pentagon City 'Fysons Comer Station Springfield Fax: 703-960-0940 Opens 3/98 E-Mail [email protected] Quality Living By HOM) Hy , f . isEQUAL HCUSW0 /olutions CHARLES E. SMITH RESIDENTIAL -

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 15 Focus ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

WHEN CULTURES COLLIDE

THE GLOBAL ECONOMY DRAWS THE U.S. AND JAPAN CLOSER TOGETHER, BUT WE STILL DON’T UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER

By Ellen L. Frost

K, clear your desks. It’s time for our (d) Culture shapes globalization. quiz on economic globalization and culture. (e) Globalization engenders tensions between cul¬ Question 1. Which of tire following statements are tures. true? (f) Globalization basically reflects American culture. (a) Globalization spreads culture. (g) Globalization is creating a new, universal culture. (b) Globalization destroys culture. Question 2. Which of the above is particularly relevant (c) Globalization shapes culture. to U.S.-Japan relations in the 1990s?

16 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Focus

Contrast Japan’s orderly If you answered “all of the above” and the standards that result from its on both questions, we’d have to give society and near-zero application. you full credit. All of these statements Globalization proceeds uneven¬ are accurate but exaggerated reflec¬ growth with America’s ly. Interestingly, the Japanese econ¬ tions of die cross-currents stirred up omy is somewhat less globalized by rapid economic and technological booming economy and than it was in the 1920s and 1930s. change. But if seemingly contradicto¬ That is not true of the United ry statements are all true, then some social disorder. States. In 1970, the sum total of gigantic global dialectic must be at U.S. exports, imports, and returns work. And so it is. from investment — one rough mea¬ Doing full justice to this dialectic would require sure of participation in the global economy — was several volumes. Our goal here is more modest — to equivalent to about 13 percent of GDP, while in 1996 shed light on the core contrast in contemporary U.S.- that figure exceeded 30 percent. But some U.S. sec¬ Japan relations: Japans combination of an orderly soci¬ tors are highly globalized, while many others are rela¬ ety and near-zero growth, and Americas combination tively untouched. Moreover, the image of “stateless” of a booming economy and social disorder. This con¬ or “rootless” corporations is greatly exaggerated; a trast is at the heart of an increasingly urgent problem. multinational corporations business practices reflect Japans feeble appetite for imports and swelling cur¬ the parent nation’s institutional and cultural values as rent account surpluses threaten to unnecessarily pro¬ well as its history. long the Asia-Pacific economic crisis and resurrect the harsh U.S.-Japan trade tensions of die 1980s. At the Cultural Incomprehensions same time, Americas unflattering image abroad hand¬ Whether demonized as “GATTzilla” or sanctified as icaps U.S. efforts to bring about a more open and vig¬ a creator of high-wage jobs, globalization is rarely dis¬ orous economy in Japan and, more generally, to pro¬ cussed in terms of culture. To many Americans, “cul¬ mote American values. Cultural factors are surely at ture” means high culture, like opera: it’s something that work here. people in other countries have. Yet the rest of the world sees in globalization not only Americas cultural finger¬ Globalization Means Efficiency prints, such as blue jeans and rock music, but at times Globalization has many dimensions: economic, polit¬ its heavy tire marks, as when the International ical, social, cultural, environmental, and religious, to Monetary Fund imposes U.S.-style reforms on Third name the major ones. Limited versions of it have been World economies. around for centuries. Here, however, the tenn refers According to Webster, culture is “an integrated pat¬ specifically to a new pattern of global trade, investment, tern of human learning and transmitting knowledge to and finance — and, more specifically, the flexible succeeding generations,” including customary beliefs, design, manufacture, production, and sale of goods and social forms, and material traits. services around the world. The dispersal of various Applying such a broad concept to U.S.-Japanese phases of the product or service cycle among different relations poses the danger of tautology: “The Japanese countries encourages economies of scale and permits behave that way because of Japanese culture.” This adaptation to local markets. In a word, globalization mindset gives rise to the “eternal Japan” thesis, accord¬ means efficiency — the efficiency of the marketplace ing to which Japan never changes. But tradition is not stagnant. More helpful, perhaps, is the idea of cultural Ellen Frost is a senior fellow at the Institute for predispositions that cause people to filter and interpret International Economics. She is the author of For Richer, historical experiences and to react to those experiences For Poorer: The New U.S.-Japan Relationship, Council in certain characteristic ways. on Foreign Relations, 1987. This article is copyright © Discussions of culture can also mask the struggle for 1998 by the Institute for International Economics. wealth and power. Particularly in Japan, but also in the

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 17 Focus

United States, globalization challenges long-dominant On the trade side, however, the picture is reversed. interests. A so-called “iron triangle” in Japan consists of There seems to be little enthusiasm in Japan for provid¬ regulated or protected industries, the politicians allied ing new markets for Asian exports by further opening and with those industries, and the bureaucrats who enforce deregulating markets. Indeed, foreign visitors have the regulations. Still, culture undoubtedly plays a part in remarked that Japanese leaders in both die public and the mobilization, expression, and popular perception of the private sectors appear to feel remarkably little these interests. responsibility for tiieir Asian neighbors, and no particular sense of identification. Some have even noted a certain T I interplay of culture and globalization in cur¬ arrogance. rent U.S.-Japan economic relations can be illus- Japanese politicians have announced various stimulus JL trated by analyzing two of the most persistent packages, most recently one nominally valued at 16 tril¬ questions the two countries ask about each other. These lion yen ($124 billion) over two years. But if history is any questions are connected, because each says something guide, less than half of these funds will actually get spent about expectations of leadership and attitudes toward the effectively for the stated purpose, and the time frame will good society. Together, they confirm that Americans be longer than two years. Accordingly, skepticism runs expect Japanese to be leaders and to promote efficiency high, and not only among economists. Injecting more by buying more from others, while Japanese feel little or money into public works — an overstaffed sector tradi¬ no such obligation. And Japanese question the value of tionally prone to corruption — is not likely to accomplish efficiency when it seems to be linked to such a disorder¬ much. Faced with an uncertain economic future, ordi¬ ly and even violent society, while Americans seem to take nal}' Japanese have held back on consumption in favor of their rough-and-tumble society for granted. savings, thus compounding tire recession. Other filings Americans these days ask about Japan, “Why can’t the being equal, tax cuts will therefore have a limited impact. Japanese do something about their economy?” The cor¬ Without denying either the rational nature of the responding Japanese question would be, “If the U.S. Japanese consumer or the sticky sides of the “iron triangle,” economy is doing so well, why can’t the Americans stop one can identify certain predispositions in Japanese culture criticizing us and do something about their social prob¬ that complicate efforts to stimulate file economy. Chief lems?” among them are a commitment to equality and an attach¬ Consider first tire sad state of the Japanese economy. ment to social order, combined with the conviction that an Except for a brief mini-boom in 1996, economic growth appropriate role for the government is to preserve both. in Japan has been stagnant ever since the collapse of the “bubble economy” in 1989. If 1996 is excluded, from Equality and Order 1992 to 1997 annual real growth in Japanese GDP aver¬ Equality has been largely achieved, to the point where aged only 0.9 percent. Industrial production is still below most Japanese see themselves as middle class. At first, its 1991 level. Banks are saddled with a large number of this is surprising in a society that is so conscious of rank non-performing loans, while companies face the need to and seniority. Pre-Meiji Japan was divided into classes, make more efficient use of capital and to reduce staff. with samurai at the top and merchants at the bottom. The All of a sudden, in 1997, the Asia Pacific financial cri¬ Meiji restoration of 1868 erased these distinctions but sis came crashing like a tsunami against the rock of created a new class of aristocrats. The American occupa¬ Japan’s economic stagnation. Tokyo stepped forward with tion wiped out all class distinctions, leaving a few great a solid contribution of loans, export credits, export insur¬ families but laying the groundwork for a remarkably egal¬ ance, and financial aid for students studying in Japan. itarian society. This was far more generous than Washington’s initial out¬ Partly because Japanese associate equality with pros¬ lay. The United States contributed nothing to the pack¬ perity and the good society, American extremes of wealt h age for Thailand, and the administration’s effort to secure and poverty - justified in the name of freedom and com¬ congressional approval of an IMF package for Indonesia petition — have little appeal. If equity is at one end of the and other nations has run into political difficulties. spectrum and efficiency is at the other, Americans will

18 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Focus

opt for efficiency, while the Japanese The world sees in which literally means “wrapping the will choose a point closer to equity. roots” of a tree so carefully that you (With the partial exception of the globalization not only can move the tree wfthout harming it. United Kingdom, Europeans are closer Needless to say, reaching a decision in to Japanese than to Americans in this America ’s cultural this way is extremely time-consum¬ respect.) ing. The advantage of this system is fingerprints, such as that decisions tend to stick. (Compare Against this backdrop, domestic this with the frequent vacillations that and foreign pressure to fur¬ blue jeans and rock often mar U.S. policy.) The disadvan¬ ther deregulate the Japanese tage, of course, is that decisions are economy, driven in large part by glob¬ music, but at times its difficult to reverse. alization, runs into cultural walls. Deregulation is supported in theory but heavy tire marks. Further thickening the frequently resisted in practice. It lacks a molasses-like nature of deci¬ historical and ideological rationale to sion-malting are the Japanese offset the conviction that the government has an obliga¬ fear of open conflict and reluctance to make explicit tion to protect social order and well-being. This tradition statements, both of which date back for centuries. Subtle of holding the government responsible makes Japanese understatement and indirect expression have long been bureaucrats even more reluctant than they are in other greatly preferred over what Americans would call “telling countries to loosen their grip on regulation, especially it like it is.” Tins legacy sometimes leads Americans to where health and safety are concerned. believe that Japanese are dishonest or evasive, when in Many Japanese fear “excessive” economic competi¬ fact they are exhibiting the standards of behavior expect¬ tion, which they see as a Hobbesian struggle that would ed of a well brought up Japanese. poison their remarkably orderly society. Policies designed Finally, many Japanese exhibit a type of insularity to enhance competition — the necessary corollaiy of that they themselves call “shima-guni konjo,” or “island deregulation — do not come easily. Less than 50 years country mentality.” Despite Japans extraordinary track ago, not long after enduring the devastation of war, Japan record as an exporter of high-quality goods, the countiy was gripped by violent labor strikes. Since then they have is still relatively insular. One of the legacies of this his¬ enjoyed unprecedented social peace. Although the press torical isolation is the belief that Japanese people are is lively and critical, and although reporters are quick to unique — different, somehow, from the rest of the photograph the latest bureaucrat indicted for corruption, human race. During the 1970s and 1980s some there is little in-depth investigative journalism of the sort Japanese bureaucrats drew on these beliefs in cooking that uncovered the Watergate scandal and its many suc¬ up arguments against foreign imports. Such ingrained cessors. attitudes may help to explain Japans seeming indiffer¬ Like most Europeans, many Japanese (and not a few ence to the suffering now unfolding in its neighbor¬ Americans) recoil from what tire French call “savage cap¬ hood. (Americans are hardly models in this respect, but italism” — the pursuit of efficiency and wealth at all cost, one can argue that they are more unaware than indif¬ regardless of other human concerns. They fear what they ferent.) call “chaos” or “confusion,” by which they mean large- Taken together, these cultural traits have had the scale layoffs or other dislocations that American corpora¬ effect of tempering the impact of the forces of globaliza¬ tions take in stride. The job of government is to prevent tion in Japan — embracing the computer, as it were, while these evils. protecting the chrysanthemum. However, this cushion Adding to the snail-like pace of change is the famous has come at a cost, namely, Japans current economic and Japanese search for consensus. While Americans like to political paralysis and associated foreign criticism. Once stand on the table and make speeches, Japanese prefer to again Japan has become die target of concern in the G-7 disappear under the table and conduct “nemawashi,” and other international fora.

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 19 Focus

Does Japan Play Fair? earn wages that are about 15 percent higher than aver¬ American reactions to Japan also reveal something age. Imports have benefited consumers and most com¬ about Americas cultural predispositions. panies alike by enhancing choice and keeping inflation The American critique of Japanese economic policy¬ low. On average, productivity is 20 percent higher in making has less to do with the well-being of the Japanese firms that sell to tire global market. people than with the firm belief that a rich, industrialized But higher productivity means that fewer people pro¬ country like Japan has an obligation to contribute to duce the same volume of goods. Adjusting to global com¬ regional and global economic growth. Since the Japanese petition, and particularly to the competitive challenge economy is the second largest national economy in the from Japan, dented both U.S. manufacturing employ¬ world (the European Union as a whole is bigger), ment and national self-confidence. Between 1980 and Americans conclude that Tokyo’s responsibility is corre¬ 1996, employment in Americas Fortune 500 companies spondingly pressing. Not to step up to this responsibility shrank from about 16.5 million to about 11.5 million. is not only disappointing; it is unfair, because it leaves This “restructuring” of U.S. industry, as it is euphemisti¬ America (and Europe) to bear the major burden of glob¬ cally called, temporarily or permanently hollowed out al economic leadership. many American towns. This attitude is characteristically American in several respects. First, it stems from a certain sense of global Such transitions are painful even in the context of mission. Though some observers believe diat Americans Americas social mobility, dynamic capital mar¬ have drifted into an inward-looking mood, they are, in kets, tolerance of wide gaps in income, and “can- fact, frequently more internationalist than their leaders. do” culture. As a result, a noticeable backlash against Second, when Americans commit troops or funds globalization has arisen. The AFL-CIO and certain abroad, they typically insist on “burden-sharing,” that is, other organizations blame globalization for the widen¬ corresponding contributions from other countries. That ing wage gap. While personal income grew a healthy expectation reflects the characteristic American theme of 5.7 percent in 1997, raising average per capita income “fairness.” Unfortunately, many Americans have a suspi¬ to well over $25,000, much of this new wealth appears cion that foreigners do not “play fair,” a perception that to be flowing to the top income brackets. The income nowadays tends to focus on Japan. According to one poll, gap appears to be growing: For example, the real 71 percent of die American public (and 80 percent of hourly wages of young males with 12 years of school¬ U.S. leaders) believe that Japan practices unfair trade. ing or less has dropped by more than 20 percent in the last two decades. U.S. Globalization Worries Labor unions and their allies also believe that lower From a macroeconomic point of view, the U.S. econ¬ foreign labor and environmental standards take away omy is in extraordinarily good shape. It features low American jobs, and they fear that multilateral institu¬ unemployment, minimal inflation, a sky-high stock mar¬ tions such as the World Trade Organization are ket, and robust growth (an astounding 4.2 percent in the encroaching on U.S. sovereignty at both the federal first quarter of 1998). Personal savings are low, but the and the state level. But the most serious economic United States continues to attract foreign savings in the studies to date suggest that globalization was responsi¬ form of investment. Since 1993, roughly 13 to 14 million ble for only 10-20 percent of the rise in wage inequal¬ jobs have been created, as opposed to about a million ity that occurred in the 1980s. (Immigration and the each in Europe and Japan. The longest economic boom entiy of more women into the work force were also in postwar history has occurred at a time when the once- factors.) While foreign standards probably influence record budget deficit is approaching zero. certain sectors, they cannot be blamed for most of The great majority of Americans are unaware that Americas labor woes. And participation in interna¬ globalization has made an enormous contribution to fiiis tional rule-making is arguably an act of sovereignty boom. Exports have accounted for 30 to 40 percent of that benefits the nation, more than offsetting the par¬ U.S. growth in the 1990s, and workers in diose sectors tial surrender of sovereignty in selected areas. Still,

20 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Focus

the backlash has already blocked the American culture To return to our opening mul¬ passage of important trade legislation tiple choice quiz, this brief and must be taken seriously. promotes globaliza¬ survey of U.S. and Japanese If Japanese are uncomfortable attitudes indicates just how culturally with the heave and swell of the free tion, while Japanese fraught economic globalization can market, they are appalled by be. The answer to our question on Americas seemingly intractable social culture slows it. the connection between culture and problems. Big-city crime has globalization truly is “all of the improved dramatically, but other social indicators above.” That is, globalization has spread both American remain dismal (or improving to a point that is still unac¬ and Japanese culture, the former far more than the lat¬ ceptably high): drug use, divorce, violence, low educa¬ ter. At the same time, people in both nations are wor¬ tional standards, teenage pregnancies, and racial ten¬ ried that globalization will destroy or further erode sions, to name a few. Even though Japanese people their communities. As they look abroad, they filter their generally like Americans, they cannot see the United own and each other’s responses to globalization States as a positive model of social organization. through certain cultural prisms. Those cultural attrib¬ Overall, Europe’s model of social democracy appeals to utes in turn have an impact on globalization. The intru¬ them more. Opposition leader Naoto Kan, one of siveness of globalization in the context of cultural dif¬ Japan’s most impressive new leaders, wants to do away ferences often stirs up mutual resentment. With some with “administrative guidance” and rely on the market, very important exceptions, Americas civic society, how¬ but he also wants a better safety net in place. ever flawed, is relatively better suited to both designing

You call us. You move in. Mi Oakwood Corporate Housing our relationships are

mostly temporary, but that's the nature of our busi¬

ness. So when you need a place to stay for a few We ta xare months, make one call and let us take care of every¬ hr thing for you.

tST months. For much less than the cost of a hotel we can provide you Then one day with a comfortable apartment virtually anywhere

you just.Leave. nationwide. And we arrange for all the amenities

from an entertainment center to a can opener. You

could say we think of everything. Even, unfortu¬

nately, the kitchen sink.

We Like being treated this way.

America's favorite temporary address.'" 1-800-888-0808 FAX: 1-703-212-2622 http://www.oakwood.etim

(Cj 1996 R&B Realty Group

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 21 Focus MARTENS VOLVO Dedicated to Diplomacy and adapting to the universal, imper¬ sonal, efficiency-driven dynamic of Worldwide Delivery to Diplomats globalization than Japanese society. and Members of International Organizations Put another way, in tire short term American culture has promoted the forces of globalization, while Japanese culture has blunted its adoption. Americas free-wheeling efficiency has tolerated serious social problems, while Japanese concern for order translates into a courteous and law-abiding society. Over time, globalization will inevitably induce greater transparency, deregula¬ tion, and open markets in Japan. Likewise, American critics are likely to be somewhat more successful in gaining or Contact: Dana Martens, Diplomatic Sales Director promoting higher labor and environmen¬ tal standards at the global level, and in VOLVO MARTENS 202-537-3000 improving education and training at CARS OF WASHINGTON, INC. Fax 202-537-1826 4800 WISCONSIN AVE. WASH.. DC 20016 home. In short, the two sides will move a U.S.A.’s Largest Diplomatic Dealer little closer together.

American Triumphalism In the meantime, tensions will con¬ tinue. On the whole, Americas booming Starting at Perfect Location, economy and bouncing expansion Perfect Comfort, abroad are good news for the global eco¬ $58 nomic system. But such prosperity Perfect Price. makes many foreigners doubly suspi¬ cious that Americans are preaching Not only are we just minutes globalization to promote then own nar¬ from National Airport, the row economic interests. Now that many National Foreign Affairs Training American leaders are in a triumphalist Center, most government build¬ mood, there is more danger than ever ing, and Metro-we’ll surprise you that Americas characteristic assertive¬ with just how much you get for ness will mb foreigners die wrong way. so little. Americans genuinely believe that what • Spacious suites with full works for them is also good for others, kitchens and in many cases they are more right • Pool, sundeck, saunas and than wrong. But the way they express exercise facilities this message can sound patronizing or • Free Cable TV with HBO imperious. • Free local phone calls U.S. leaders must realize that • Complimentary Continental 1500 Arlington Blvd., Arlington. VA 22209 703-522-9600 • 800-275-2866 Americas festering social problems, Breakfast on weekdays Fax 703-525-4462 combined with a tendentious attitude • Free shuttle to Rosslyn Metro e-mail [email protected] about the failings of others, damage during rush hour, twice daily www.virginiansuites.com America’s leadership role in promoting to NFATC globalization. These negative traits 22 FOREIGN SERVICE JOVRNAUJUNE 1998 Focus

SEVEN MINUTES TO STATE DEPARTMENT

strengthen the hand of autocratic lead¬ ers abroad, especially those who gain political mileage by publicly criticizing the United States. (A good example is COLUMBIA PLAZA Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, prime min¬ APARTMENTS ister of Malaysia, for whom the United Capital Living States has become a favorite public With Comfort and Convenience whipping boy.) Hecudi^ul, MpaaiouA 1 and 2 QedAMmi Understanding the interaction of cul¬ SHORT TERM FURNISHED APARTMENTS AVAILABLE ture and globalization is not just an aca¬ demic exercise. If the local press in Utilities Included 24 Hour Front Desk Complimentary Voice Mail Garage Parking Available Japan shrilly denounces American “bul¬ Courtyard Style Plaza Shopping on Site lying,” a trade minister or head of state Polished Hardwood Floors Cardkey Entry/Access who comes to Washington to negotiate Private Balconies River Views will be under great pressure to appear Huge Walk-In Closets Minutes to Fine Dining firm and unyielding. In these circum¬ Walk to the Kennedy Center and Georgetown stances, an agreement will become less Minutes to Foggy Bottom Metro likely, or at least less conducive to per¬ ceived American “demands.” (202) 293-2000 Cultural understanding is also a two- 2400 Virginia Ave., N.W. way street. It is true that educated for¬ Washington, D.C., 20037 ManatjeA ly Poluuj&i, Shtutmn S £uckl <3». eigners typically know many more facts about America than their American counterparts know about their coun¬ tries. This is especially true in Japan, where university entrance examinations ask students to regurgitate obscure details of U.S. history. But in Japan mid elsewhere, understanding of the American experience is often weak, and images are distorted. As for the future, the globalization race is not to the strong, but to the flex¬ ible. The more rigid and insecure a nations citizens are about the ability of FARA their culture to endure, the more they Foreign Affairs Recreation Association resist globalization, and the more likely FARA Housing Division, Managed by ECMC they are to be left behind. But 610 Bashford Lane, Alexandria, VA 22314 American culture needs to place a Ph: (703) 684-1825 Fax: (703) 739-9318 greater emphasis on equity at home and cooperation abroad. Other soci¬ We are proud to provide the best hotel values in the Washington, DC eties will adopt forms of capitalism that metropolitan area! You can choose from properties offering studios, are cozier and less rigorous than many one bedroom, 2-bedroom apartments, suites & hotel rooms. economists would like. With luck, the Our locations have unique proximity to FSI, State Department, the world will witness a new pluralism — a Pentagon, NFATC, National Airport, Old Town , Alexandria, global community in which local cul¬ White House and Georgetown tures and traditions flourish within an ever more integrated economy. ■ For more information call for features and rates of participating FARA hotels.

JUNE 1998/FOREICN SERVICE JOURNAL 23 Focus ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

WHAT DIDN’T WE KNOW, AND WHEN DIDN’T WE KNOW IT?

U.S. AGENCIES FAILED TO REPORT ADEQUATELY ON THE ASIAN FINANCIAL DEBACLE. HERE’S WHY.

By Robert Fauver

.he recent financial and economic crisis in East Asia has led observers to ask once again the age-old question: “Why was I not informed?” Senior officials both in the State Department and in other agencies have asked staff members why we were so surprised by the turn of events in Asia and why we underesti¬ mated the magnitude of tire problems even after we were in the midst of tire crisis. To answer this question intelligently, we have to review how we got to die level of reporting we have today. During the 1980s die role of economics in diplomacy and foreign relations was on die rise. Policy-makers began to see a need to inte¬ grate economic issues into broader strategic thinking and policy approaches. First the developing country debt crisis of

24 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Focus

State and Treasury 1984-85 increased policy-makers’ seas staffs — not only Foreign Service awareness of the interrelationship reporting did not pick officers but others as well — shifted between economic events in less devel¬ the focus and emphasis of economic oped nations and the U.S. banking sys¬ up on the huge reporting. Consulates closed, reducing tem and indeed the global financial sys¬ the economic information coming tem. They became more aware of the financial market from major cities and regions in a rising dependence of the U.S. economy number of important countries. Staff on exports and hence on the health of pressures building up reductions eliminated economic the global economy. “cone” positions overseas. Less time A series of events followed the debt in East Asia. and resources were devoted to current crisis which heightened awareness of the analysis of economic and financial integration of tire U.S. economy into the developments. Less time was spent on world marketplace: the U.S.-Canadian Free Trade compiling the data needed for detailed economic trend Agreement; the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade nego¬ reports. In many countries, trend reports were eliminat¬ tiations; tire emergence of market economics in Eastern ed. Department managers suggested, “This material can Europe. A sharply rising U.S. trade deficit and perceived be found on the Internet, and is available to the public, so weak export performance seemed to require an increase in why should we spend resources compiling it?” The bot¬ business-related reporting. All these factors led to new tom line of the cost cutting was a significant reduction in demands on tire State Department to provide high-quality die quantity and quality of embassy economic reporting. economic and financial data, analysis, and reporting. The department, through a variety of “instructions” State was not alone in cutting back on economic and enhanced emphasis in ambassadorial training, reporting. Treasury, also under budgetary pressures, focused embassy resources on economics. While empha¬ reduced its overseas personnel in important coun¬ sis was placed on issues related direcdy to U.S. firms tries. Posts in Canada and Italy and Brazil were closed, doing business in tire host economy and helping U.S. and assistant attache positions in France and Germany firms obtain contracts, some of tire new attention includ¬ were eliminated. And Treasury encouraged the process of ed macroeconomic developments, exchange rates, and outsourcing economic data and analysis. Senior manage¬ capital flows. Embassies provided assistance to endless ment believed that private sector analysis surpassed inter¬ visiting trade negotiating teams and the department nal products in quality and market insights. It hence actively participated in the design and implementation of encouraged the use of “street” analysis in lieu of internal¬ trade policies. They also reported on economic trends, ly generated data and analysis. With both State and providing quantitative updates on evolving economic con¬ Treasury emphasizing analysis already available to the ditions in host countries. market, it is not surprising that the government was not in Commerce, Agriculture, and Treasury department a position to detect when markets were misreading risks overseas attaches (where they existed) played active roles that were building in the system. (At the same time, on embassy country teams. embassies noted mi increase in the number of visits by Fundamentally, the focus on economic and financial U.S. bankers and businessmen to receive in-country issues remained steady until tire government-wide budget briefings on economic developments. It’s significant that cutting exercises of the early 1990s. Reductions in over- American business seems to use embassy economic analysis more than Washington does.) Robert Fauver is a career civil servant currently working Vast amounts of data and analysis are currently avail¬ as coordinator of India sanctions for the under secretary able from public sources. Wall Street and other financial of State for economic affairs. He just returned from a tour centers, economic consulting firms, and think tanks have as national intelligence officer for economics at the expanded significantly over the last 10 years. But political National Intelligence Council and teas previously the pres¬ economic reporting and analysis from embassies is need¬ ident’s “sherpa” for the G-7 economic summits. ed to provide the context of events, local insights, knowl-

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 25 Focus

edge of political leaders and the decision-making process, for economies in transition. AID budgets rose for the first and the ground feel that is not publicly available. State time in years. The bloom was back on die rose for eco¬ Department specialists are uniquely placed to report on nomics. After die breakup of die Soviet Union, new discussions with key policy-makers and business leaders embassies were established quickly and newly minted eco¬ which supplement public analysis. Additionally, embassies nomic officers went into the field. For the first time in can offer commentary on the quality of die data provided memory, economic reports coming out of Moscow were by local governments. Public analysis rarely offers judg¬ read by non-economist policy planners. Considerable ments on the quality7 of the data, simply blindly reporting it effort went into the reporting of new data and trend analy¬ to customers. Much as die government engages in a con¬ sis in diis region. siderable effort to collect and analyze domestic economic In late 1993 and early ’94, Mexico faced economic and information despite the public availability of data and financial collapse. The peso exchange rate came under analysis produced by the private sector, so too does die severe attack and domestic banks faced runs on deposits. U.S. government need to have its own analysis of foreign The IMF sent teams to study the problem and recom¬ economic issues. Evaluating various publicly available mend economic policy changes for Mexican autiiorities. analyses with varying conclusions helps senior policy-mak¬ The Treasury Department undertook lengdiy and detailed ers anticipate events and formulate appropriate responses. negotiations with their Mexican counterparts in die The Clinton administration entered its first term carry¬ Ministry of Finance and Central Bank. ing the famous refrain — “Its die economy, stupid”— Concern that Mexican-style financial problems might from the campaign. The National Economic Council was also be found elsewhere in Latin America led to spillover established widi die stated aim of doing for economic pol¬ pressures on tire exchange rates and financial markets in icy what the National Security Council had long done for other regional economies, as tiiey became targets for spec¬ foreign policy. The international economics office from the ulators and fearful investors. This spread of crises in confi¬ NSC became a joint office servicing both the NEC and the dence throughout the region became known as the NSC. International economic policy meetings were “Tequila effect.” Serious concerns arose about the stability chaired by the NEC, the NSC or both. of international stock markets and commercial banking But in die formulation of strategic foreign policy goafs, systems. Observers wondered which country would die role of economics was hard to see. The splitting off of become the “next Mexico.” economic issues from the core NSC areas of concern Senior policy officials in tire White House and the seemed to provide an excuse for die foreign policy commu¬ Department called for more and more economic and nity to ignore those issues. The foreign policy community financial data and analysis. Some observers asked why we essentially argued, “That is an economic issue, so die NEC needed to msh to acquire data that should have already will handle it.” This artificial dividing of foreign policy into been available to analysts and policy-makers. But during economic issues to be handled by the NEC and all other the crisis atmosphere, little attention stayed witii these issues to remain in the NSC domain led to an ultimate “why” questions. And post-crisis, managers moved on to downplaying of economics vvidiin die State Department. new problems instead of re-scrubbing die questions about And as a result, the resources devoted to economic and our lack of preparedness for die Mexican peso collapse. financial issues declined in Ixitii quality and quantity. During the 1980s and up through the Mexican cri¬ East European Boomlet sis, financial problems by and large derived from During the early 1990s, die demand for financial data sovereign debt problems and fixed or pegged and economic information about the rapidly changing exchange rates. Governments had engaged in excessive economies of Eastern Europe and die former Soviet borrowing from international sources — largely commer¬ Union skyrocketed. Embassy resources moved into eco¬ cial banks. The loans bore die “full faitii and credit” guar¬ nomic and trade areas in Eastern Europe. Washington antee of the national government. The risks of these bor¬ supported efforts by the Organization for Economic rowings were largely seen by lenders as sovereign risk Cooperation and Development to develop a new center questions — would die government stand by its obliga-

26 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Focus

tions? After all, governments rarely Recent cuts in economic development of a commercial banking declared bankruptcy. But the debt crisis sector as die primary source of domes¬ of the mid-’80s caused lenders to ques¬ “cone” positions and tic investment funds. tion the ability of governments to ser¬ Basing their financial market poli¬ vice their overseas debts. Efforts by consulates have cies on perceptions of a successful State and economic analysts in Treasury Japanese model, they encouraged close were therefore focused on collecting reduced the information relationships between domestic banks data on the size of official borrowings by and corporate borrowers — in effect governments. Similar focus on the abil¬ flow on economic discouraging the development of ity of govennnents to service debt cen¬ domestic equity and bond markets. To tered on foreign exchange reserves and developments. protect dieir domestic institutions, each earning power, the level and growth of erected (or maintained) barriers to for¬ exports, and the use to which the loan eign financial firms and the outflow of proceeds had been put. Lenders wanted to know if gov¬ their own capital to other markets. The one-way flow of ernments were using the borrowings for profitable invest¬ foreign capital, combined with successful efforts to raise ments or for current consumption. Data could be acquired domestic savings rates, led to a huge increase in invest¬ either from the borrowing government or from the rather ment and subsequent decline in profit margins and returns limited number of commercial banks engaged in interna¬ on investment. tional lending. Governments in diese rapidly growing and increasingly Little attention was given to the emerging private mar¬ democratic Asian economies also leaned on commercial ket activity in developing countries. The large growth of banks to provide loans to selected firms or projects. The mutual funds in die United States provided sizable invest¬ use of commercial bank lending in support of social poli¬ ment reserves searching for profitable equity and bond cies or growth strategies unfortunately shifted tire focus of purchases. Commercial banks believed that corporate bor¬ bank activities from profitability to compliance with official rowers in the developing world were creditworthy and mandates. increased their exposure accordingly — taking advantage As early as the mid-’80s the Treasury Department rec¬ of wide spreads between sharply declining borrowing rates ognized financial market problems in Asia. It engaged the in die U.S. and still high lending rates in rapidly growing “Asian tigers” in exchange rate discussions, based on a countries. Private capital quickly swamped the size of offi¬ belief drat these countries were fostering undervalued cial capital flows and private borrowings by firms in the exchange rates in order to encourage exports and domes¬ developing countries surpassed die size of government tic growth. The countries responded with Southeast Asian borrowings. In 1988, official lending to less developed nations pegging their currencies to die U.S. dollar and widi countries significandy exceeded private flows, but in 1998, South Korea letting the won appreciate substantially. private lending amounts to some seven times die level of Treasuiy also engaged a few of these countries in financial official lending. market liberalization negotiations in hopes of opening During the 1980s several economies in Asia experi¬ their markets to increased competition from U.S. and enced rapid economic development. Soudi Korea, Taiwan, other foreign financial firms. This effort had some success, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia and Thailand led the especially in Soudi Korea, which was pushing hard for way with double-digit real growdi throughout die period. OECD membership at die time. These rapidly growing economies followed a strikingly dif¬ But by and large, State and Treasury economic and ferent growth strategy dian did theft counterparts in Latin financial reporting did not adjust to diis changing situation America. They emphasized die role of private capital flows and did not pick up on the huge financial market pressures in financing development and lessened the role of govern¬ diat were building up as a result. Often host governments ment borrowings. In Thailand, for example, at the peak of did not publish sufficiently detailed data to offer insights the growth period, private capital inflows amounted to into more fluid financial market situations. Central banks some 11 percent of GDP. Each country focused on die often misstated dieir official reserve data. Export data in

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 27 Focus

Thailand were inflated by false reporting caused by cor¬ most importantly — Japan provided the development ruption. Embassy officers did their best to provide qualita¬ model followed, more or less, by the emerging Asian tive judgments on their host countries’ data, but probably economies. Secondly, the continued domestic economic did not emphasize sufficiently tire extent of corrupt and problems in Japan since its own financial bubble collapsed falsified information. in 1989 spilled over into reduced demand for imports from As analysts increasingly used and believed market sig¬ the rest of Asia. The growth slowdown caused Japanese nals — most of which were rosy — everyone thought that banks to search for new borrowers in Southeast Asia and these tigers were performing extremely well and soundly. South Korea as demand for borrowing in Japan faltered. Since they seemed to be avoiding old problems of amass¬ The resulting surge in lending to new borrowers added to ing public sector deficits and sovereign debt buildups, and their private debt buildup. were beginning to liberalize their financial markets, the japan’s economic development model puts a very great IMF and World Bank annually congratulated the Newly emphasis on tire high domestic savings rates and the fun- Industrialized Countries — as they came to be called — neling of those savings to domestic industry. Following a for their outstanding growth policies. German model, Japan established a postal savings system to collect small savers’ funds and to aggregate those funds Exporting the Japanese Model for government-sponsored lending. Japan encouraged the japan has played a major role in the Asian financial cri¬ development of a commercial banking sector which sis from two different perspectives. First — and perhaps received deposits at very low interest rate costs and lent to

Firman ill C L i:l 1.1 (I ©f like F iree,

5, I*Cheerios am d iL

■pa NetGrocer puts America’s greatest brands just a click away, ,|gggj|j at everyday 111 low prices that make you feel like you’re jj***1'^ back at your favorite neigh- borhood store. Now you can serve Cheerios at your diplomatic breakfasts, offer Oreos with lunch, wash the linen with Tide - even diaper the Ambassador’s children in Huggies. faf Order with your credit card and we can ship your ISecret { ' non-perishable groceries to any ZIP code throughout the U.S. (including all Washington, D.C. ZIP codes) or to any APO/FPO address. It’s as easy as apple pie.

r’ Free shipping A on your first order efisna/i/zet. www.netgrocer.com/afsa netgrocer

28 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Focus

preferred customers also at low interest By the mid-1990s, funding led to excessive investment in rates. The banks were protected from die Asian economies, which in turn fos¬ both internal and international compe¬ private capital flo ws tered financial bubbles in real estate tition by government policies, much as and equity markets in Southeast Asia. banking markets and interest rates were dwarfed the govern¬ At the same time, die slowdown in controlled in the United States through Japanese domestic growth also restrict¬ the 1970s. Japanese banks were encour¬ mental borrowing ed die growth of exports from aged via administrative guidance to Soudieast Asia to Japan, in turn retard¬ extend loans either to preferred indus¬ which had been the ing the growdi potential for these bor¬ trial firms or to projects that the gov¬ rowers, and reducing the profitability of ernment wished to see financed. On the focus of earlier die very firms undertaking die com¬ corporate side, firms that needed to mercial bank borrowings. borrow were forced into the hands of financial crises. During the second half of 1996, a commercial bankers — usually the core number of government and private sec¬ banks of the Keiretsu organization tor analysts began to express increasing which owned stock shares in the borrowing firms — since concern about die buildup of commercial debt in Thailand the government explicitly retarded the growth of a domes¬ and die run-up in die stock and real estate markets. The tic equity market and bond market. At the same time, IMF itself had recommended macro policy changes — firms that might have been tempted to circumvent tire which Thai authorities had not adopted — aimed at cool¬ commercial bank lock on fluids by engaging in interna¬ ing off die domestic economy. tional borrowing were restricted in doing so by govern¬ But analysts did not anticipate die interlinkages ment capital controls. between problems in Thailand’s financial markets and die One direct consequence of this “Japanese model” for rest of Southeast Asia, let alone South Korea — diat both Japan and tire other countries who adopted the model became evident in the summer of 1997 when die baht was was excessive short-term yen borrowing by corporations, forced to devalue. Most observers viewed Thailand as a leading to a highly leveraged firm position. That meant that single problem and, in fact, one that made litde or no dif¬ firms were extremely vulnerable to movements in short¬ ference to the regional economy and certainly posed no term interest rates. Where firms in countries with more direct threat to U.S. or world financial markets. The annu¬ developed and competitive capital markets judiciously bal¬ al fall 1997 meetings of die IMF and World Bank brought anced equity, long-term bond and short-term bank financ¬ continued praise for the regions economic performance ing, Japanese firms relied on a disproportional amount of and its policies. short-term bank financing. Banks were not let off the hook either, since they had to compete with the subsidized gov¬ While hindsight is usually 20-20, a strong case can ernment postal savings system and they also carried unprof¬ be made diat serious analysts should have seen itable loans made at the direction of government officials die problems coming in die emerging financial instead of being based on economic merits. markets of the region. Careful collection of and reporting on The near-zero economic growth of die Japanese econ¬ the level of international borrowings by East Asia’s corpora¬ omy since 1993 also directly influenced die Asian financial tions and banks would have indicated tire dangers. situation. During die early and mid-’90s, Japanese banks One major problem was the massive debt exposure to engaged in heavy lending to Soudieast Asia and Soudi the international community; die Asian firms had bor¬ Korea. With cheap yen-based deposits available to them rowed great sums denominated in foreign currencies. So but faced with low domestic demand for loans, banks when their domestic currencies dropped in value, they had turned to overseas markets for profitable interest rate tremendous debt servicing problems. Analysis of bank reg¬ spreads. First focusing on the subsidiaries of Japanese cor¬ ulator information would have shed at least some light on porations, dien turning to local borrowers, Japanese banks the quality of domestic bank loan portfolios in the Asian pushed out sizable loan funds. This growing source of economies — stalling witii a detailed review of Japanese

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 29 Focus

bank lending to the region. Better review and analysis of Reporting During the Crisis domestic corporation annual reports and financial data Embassies rose to the occasion once tire crisis emerged. could have indicated the extent of the reliance on short¬ Most of the embassies in the region started issuing daily sit¬ term bank credit and the increasing vulnerability to liquid¬ uation reports on key financial data mid economic data — ity problems of the corporate structures in Indonesia, exchange rates, interest rates, central bank policy changes South Korea and Malaysia, in particular. and money supply, and the like. Reporting also included dis¬ In addition to more focused analysis of the private sector cussion of die local financial market’s confidence levels, borrowing and lending in the region, more contact with mood, trends, mid die market’s own analysis of the situation. American financial firms would have provided additional But diis daily discussion, while important mid needed in insights into die potential vulnerabilities in the region. While Washington, is only part of die support required from none of die individual financial firms had added die pieces overseas staff. There also needs to be reporting and analy¬ of the puzzle togedier before die crisis emerged, many of sis on the policy discussions going on in capitals. diem had specific concerns which could have been pieced Washington needs to understand more fully the philoso¬ together to tell more of the story di;in each individually had phy of key leaders and decision-makers in the host coun¬ to say. In all, it makes a good case for die need for govern¬ try. Information is needed on die role of elites in die deci¬ ment analysis of die publicly available information. sion-making process. Classic political reporting is needed By and large, what financial and economic reporting to more fully understand the political environment in was provided by embassies concentrated on the macro- which economic policy choices are being made. Littie economic developments in the host country. Inflation per¬ attention has been given to the inteiplay of domestic poli¬ formance, real growth conditions and outlook, export and tics and economics. import growth rates and some reporting of macroeconom¬ Analysts also need to understand better the structural ic policy performance were available — these were the changes occurring in Asian economies. Microeconomic issues which had signaled previous financial problems in coverage of manufacturing, retail, banking, financial mar¬ less developed countries. But the United States had not kets and the like have received scant attention in recent recognized the differences in Asian reliance on private sec¬ years. Additionally, reporting on regulatory reforms, or lack tor borrowing from the classic problems of sovereign debt diereof, has not been sufficient in the Asimi context. Bank in Latin America. As a result, no attention was given to the regulation or die audit review of commercial bank loan emeigence of sizable external debt obligations by the pri¬ portfolios has not been well covered. Legal reforms, such vate firms. And no focus on the international borrowing by as bankruptcy laws, which can provide critical support for domestic commercial banks was provided. debt workouts, have not been analyzed sufficiently. Lastly, embassy reporting did not include analysis of the operations of central banks in the region. We did not learn Can We Do Better? that one central bank had placed its foreign exchange Several changes in current staffing and reporting reserves on deposit with domestic banks and as a result requirements might prepare die State Department more they were not available to be used for exchange market appropriately for future potential financial crisis — either intervention when the currency was attacked. In another in Asia or elsewhere. Ongoing reporting and analysis case, we did not know that central banks had engaged in requirements should reflect chmiges in borrowing and forward sales of reserves (promising to provide on a f uture lending patterns that have emerged in recent years with date a given amount of domestic currency at a set more attention given to understanding the role of private exchange rate) in an effort to stabilize current rates. When sector borrowing. Training for economic officers should a central bank does this, the result is that published reserve include material on corporate balance sheets so that figures significantly overstate the country’s true available reporters would be able to analyze die strength and weak¬ foreign exchange reserves, which leads to overly optimistic nesses of key private sector actors. Better integration of views on the strength of the central bank position. The economic and political section coverage of crisis situations illiquidity of central bank reserves was a serious problem as would provide fuller coverage of the domestic ramifica¬ the crisis deepened. tions of policy debates.

30 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Focus

Plans could be established to provide AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION “surge” teams which could comprise technically trained experts who could be assigned temporarily to an economic or TERM LIFE financial crisis situation. They would be charged with providing detailed analysis of the situation, possible policy solutions, LONGTERM CARE and policy debates taking place in the crisis country. The team could draw per¬ sonnel either from State or could be Insurance for today- expanded to include Treasury, Federal Reserve, Commerce or other technical agency representatives. and tomorrow A surge team would free up resident

embassy resources for better political FOR MORE INFORMATION: AMERICAN economy reporting which would inte¬ AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE FOREIGN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION grate domestic politics and economics. 1716 N STREET, NW Given future staffing patterns, we can SERVICE WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2902 assume that embassies will be short- PROTECTIVE (202) 833-4910 - FAX: (202) 833-4918 E MAIL: afspa @ afspa.org staffed. Surge teams would augment ASSOCIATION WEB SITE: www.afspa.org resources at critical times either after a crisis had emerged, or whenever Washington decided that it faced a potential crisis situation. These measures could strengthen the economic and financial reporting Help for Seniors from individual countries and help alert Washington to potential prob¬ AToy Be Just lems. But the changes would not affect the ability of Washington to integrate a Phone Cull Awuy- individual country analysis into region- The Senior Living Foundation Resource Center ill or global analytical approaches. One may be able to help you or someone you know find problem that the latest crisis has high¬ information and resources for: lighted is that Washington does not integrate individual country analysis ■ Home Health Care into broader perspectives particularly SlF ■ Adult Day Care and Respite Care well. Country desks do not engage in ■ Transportation to Medical Appointments much cross-talk with other desks. A time of service, ■ Medicare/Medicaid Eligibility Reports to senior policy makers rarely a time of need. ■ Friendly Visitor Calls provide a regional oversight to an emerging situation, focusing instead on For more information, please call the individual country problems. If State SENIOR LIVING FOUNDATION OF THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE and other agencies are able to develop 1716 N ST., NW - WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036-2902 a regional or even a global perspective, (202) 887-8170 E MAIL: afspa @ afspa.org - WEB SITE: www.afspa.org the U.S. will find itself better prepared when the next crisis breaks out. ■ ❖Financial Assistance may be available. SPONSORED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 31 AFSA AWARDS

THE FSO WHO DID IT ALL

How ALSA AWARD WINNER LARRY EACLERURGER WENT FROM CAREER LSO TO SECRETARY OF STATE

BY BOB GULDIN

f you know nothing else about Larry not going outside.) Indeed, Eagleburger’s smoking is Eagleburger, you probably know this: somediing of a hallmark, a sign of his determination He is the first and only career Foreign to be himself, despite the damage it’s done to his Service officer to make it to the top — healdi. (He’s been seen widi a cigarette in one hand to become secretary of State. and an asthma inhaler in another.) Within Foreign Service circles, A muscle disease, myasthenia gravis, forces that’s a powerful claim to fame. And Eagleburger to walk with a cane and to consume this month, the veteran diplomat adds another large amounts of steroids, with inevitable side- laurel to his long list of honors. On June 23, effects. Despite that, he continues to work as an Eagleburger is slated to receive AFSA’s Award for international business consultant and as a director Lifetime Contributions to American Diplomacy. of several major corporations. Eagleburger earned his honors by combining a Eagleburger grew up in Milwaukee and went workaholic’s dedication with a reputation as a to college at the University of Wisconsin. That’s superb manager. also where he started his lifelong connection with He also has a reputation for plain speaking the Republican Party. In the early 1950s, he was which is rare among career diplomats and which vice chairman of the Wisconsin Young won him friends on Capitol Hill. Republicans, when Melvin Laird — later House Back in 1992, when he was deputy secretary of Republican leader and secretary of defense — State, Rep. David Obey (D-Wisc.) told the was chairman. National Journal, “He’s a no-bullshit guy. When He joined the Foreign Service in 1957, and his you ask him a question, you get a simple answer. first posting was in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. He His asset is his frankness and bluntness.” did a tour in Yugoslavia, and had several assign¬ Former ambassador to Israel Samuel Lewis ments working on European and NATO issues, seconded Obeys assessment: “He’s salty, explo¬ including a year on the National Security sive, down to earth, and that appeals to Congress. Council staff. He’s a real straight shooter.” When you meet Larry Eagleburger, drat frank¬ The Kissinger Connection ness comes across clearly. “You mind if I smoke?” he In November 1968, in a fortuitous appoint¬ asks. “If you do, well have to take the interview out¬ ment, he was named Hemy Kissinger’s assistant side,” he says with a smile. (You know very well he’s during the Nixon presidential transition. The Kissinger connection took hold, and was signifi¬ Bob Guldin is the editor of the Journal. cant for Eagleburger well into the 1980s.

32 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 At the start of the Nixon administration, he became executive assistant to Kissinger, Nixon’s national security adviser. Later that year, he was assigned to the U.S. mission to NATO in Brussels, then spent a cou¬ ple of years in the Department of Defense. In 1971, he returned to the White House national security staff, then followed Kissinger to the State Department, first as execu¬ tive assistant to the secretary, later ;is deputy under secre¬ tary for management.

Asked about his former boss, Eagleburger calls Kissinger “one of the true greats of American diplo¬ macy. He was a superb mind at work — it was fun to watch.” The Carter years found Eagleburger in Yugoslavia

again, this time as ambas¬ VINT LAWRENCE sador. After Ronald Reagan’s While he’s clearly proud of his unique achieve¬ election, Eagleburgers Republican connections ment as the only FSO to become secretary, he again served him well. He moved up to become makes clear that “I came back to the department as a assistant secretaiy for European affairs, and in political appointee. I was fairly active in Republican 1982 under secretary of State for political affairs. politics, I worked with Henry Kissinger. That made it In 1984, he left the department, becoming easy for Bush to appoint me. I didn’t come to that job president of Kissinger Associates Inc., a high- a virgin.” powered international consulting firm. Our interview took place in the elegant In 1989, he re-entered government as deputy Pennsylvania Ave. law offices of Baker, Donelson, secretary of State under James Baker. When Berman and Caldwell, where Eagleburger is a Baker was called away in August 1992 to head senior foreign policy adviser. George Bush’s re-election campaign, Eagleburger What is Eagleburger, a non-lawyer, doing in a became acting secretary of State. In December law firm? 1992, he was officially appointed secretary of “I’m a consultant with companies that have State for the remainder of Bushs term — a brief problems overseas,” he says. “If its a legal problem, stint, but a moment of glory nonetheless. (Continued on page 35)

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 33 AFSA AWARD In Action WINNERS-

J J ''W/ J

Ed McWilliams, at the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta, has been in the thick of the recent upheaval in Indonesian politics. Here he is on May 7 visiting political prisoners in jail for staging a political-labor demonstration. McWilliams won this year's Christian A. Herter Award for constructive dissent.

Harriman Award winner William Davies Sohier Community liason officer Linda Ahmed (right), winner of the at the visa line at Embassy Mexico City. A junior M. Juanita Guess Award, has been helping embassy family officer on a rotational tour, he was at that time members develop their own businesses. Toby Davis has had the deputy chief of the embassy's nonimmigrant success creating blankets, placemats and other goods out of visa unit. He is now in the political section. Bedouin tent material in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

34 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 American Foreign Se a t i o n

AFSA HONORS EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE Governing Board President: Daniel F. Geisler State Vice President: vacant USAID Vice President: Frank Miller n a noon ceremony June 23 in the candor and admired by his peers—long U SI A Vice President: J. Riley Sever O CS Vice President: Charles Kestenbaum Benjamin Franklin Diplomatic before becoming Secretary of State FAS Vice President: Maggie Dowling Reception Room at State the Eagleburger. Retiree Vice President: Edward Dillery Secretary: Aurelius Fernandez American Foreign Service Association will To a trove of awards garnered over a Treasurer: Thomas Boyatt pay tribute to seven members of our communi¬ long career Eagleburger added an honorary State Representatives: Natalie Brown, Marilyn Bruno, Michael Corbett, Christopher ty whose engagement, energy, integrity and knighthood from Her Majesty, Queen Sandrolini, Greg Stanton innovation have distinguished them. AFSA is Elizabeth II, in 1994. He now joins the ranks USAID Representative: vacant USIA Representative: Susan Crais Hovanec proud to honor these special people of other distinguished recipients of AFSA's Retiree Representatives: Garber Davidson, employed across the broad mandate of the highest award—the late U. Alexis Johnson, Willard DePree, William Harrop, Clyde Taylor FAS Representative: Peg Thursland Foreign Service around the world. Whether in Frank C. Carlucci and George Herbert CS Representative: Geoff Walser response to global diplomatic challenges, to Walker Bush. A profile of Eagleburger by FSJ Staff Executive Director: Susan Reardon civil rebellion, to rapidly changing information Editor Bob Guldin, along with an interview, is Business Department technology or to family adaptation in a new featured in this issue of the Journal. Controller: David McEvoy Accounting Assistant: Jenifer O'Neal culture, our winners share one characteristic: For FSOs who have exhibited extraordi¬ Labor Management commitment to the Service. nary accomplishment involving initiative, General Counsel: Sharon Papp Staff Attorney: Colleen Fallon The 1 998 AFSA Award for Lifetime integrity, intellectual courage and constructive Coordinators: Richard C. Scissors, Contributions to American Diplomacy goes to dissent, the Christian A. Herter Award goes to Jack Bryant USIA Labor Relations Specialist: Carol Lutz Lawrence S. Eagleburger who performed his a member of the Senior Foreign Service, the Grievance Attorneys: Suzanne Brennan, career diplomatic duties with distinction for William R. Rivkin Award to mid-career officers Henry Sizer Representative: Tanisha Cole nearly three decades. From his first assign¬ and the W. Averell Harriman Award to junior Law Clerk: Peter Hutchinson ment in 1 957 as an economic officer in officers. The Delavan Award celebrates the Office Managers: Geri Verble, Rita Cohen Member Services Tegucigalpa, to his work exceptional accomplish¬ Director: Janet Hedrick with NATO and the ments of a Foreign Service Acting Director: Yolanda Odunsi Representative: Santita Prather National Security Council in secretary. The Community Administrative Assistant: Thomasina the sixties, to his tenure at Liaison Officer is acknowl¬ Johnson Retiree Liaison: Ward Thompson Defense, to his ambassador¬ edged through the M. Professional Programs ship in Yugoslavia, Juanita Guess Award, and Professional Issues Coordinator: Richard S. Thompson Eagleburger set new stan¬ the Avis Bohlen Award goes Congressional Affairs Director: Ken Nakamura dards for directness, man¬ to a member of the family of Communications Coordinator: Kristina Kreamer Scholarship Administrator: Lori Dec agement and dedication. a Foreign Service employee Corporate Relations: Mark Lore While serving Acheson, who has developed rela¬ Internet Addresses: Katzenbach, Kissinger, tions in the foreign and [email protected] (Association) Carter, Reagan and Bush, he American community which [email protected] (President) carved his own style of diplo¬ contribute to U.S. interests. [email protected] (FSJ) macy-one characterized by Congratulations to all. Lawrence S. Eagleburger AFSA Headquarters: (202) 338-4045 FAX: (202) 338-6820 State Department Office:(202) 647-8160 FAX: (202) 647-0265 USAID Office: (202) 712-1941 LIFETIME CONTRIBUTIONS TO DIPLOMACY AWARD WINNER: FAX: (202) 216-3710 USIA Office: (202) 401-6405 FAX: (202) 401-6410 AFSA News Editor: Polly Gilbert LAWRENCE S. EAGLEBURGER

AFSA NEWS • JUNE 1998 I CHRISTIAN A. HERTER AWARD WINNER: EDMUND MCWILLIAMS

Oor his resolute intellectual that took him to the front line of protesters courage and integrity, Edmund against Suharto's 30-year rule-and McWilliams is the recipient of the earned him a police caning for his role as Christian A. Herter Award for 1998. observer. For the past two years, accord¬ Long before Suharto's resignation, ing to Labor Attache Gregory G. Fergin, Political Counselor McWilliams had a "He has tirelessly demonstrated that there seemingly prescient view of Indonesia's is no substitute in a changing political imminent political transition. No individual environment for firsthand reporting." In the within the Embassy did more to promote a course of widening the "people's beat," U.S. reappraisal of the distribution of ben¬ McWilliams spurred others "to get out of efits from Indonesia's economic growth the office more and balance the views of and of the nation's readiness for funda¬ elite commentators with a good feel for the mental political reform than did mood and argot of the streets." McWilliams. Said Political Officer W. McWilliams was born in Mohegan, Gary Gray, "Never have I served with R.I., and received a bachelor's degree anyone more aggressive and tenacious in from the University of Rhode Island and a challenging existing policies, while master's degree from Ohio University. He encouraging lively debate of the issues in was awarded the Joint. Service Commendation the Embassy." Medal for service in Vietnam. Since join¬ It is his preference for eyewitness ing the Service in 1 975, he has served in accounts and authoritative social reporting nine overseas posts. Edmund McWilliams

WILLIAM R. RIVKIN AWARD WINNER: HANSCOM SMITH

Ohe William R. Rivkin Award for As a roving reporter, Smith assessed 1998 is conferred on Hanscom the political climate below the surface in Smith for his consistent articula¬ the capital. As the post human rights offi¬ tion of strong, independent views in the cer, he maintained a wide range of con¬ analytical and policy formulation process tacts which assured fuller information and at Embassy Phnom Penh. He is further rec¬ better analysis. This connection, however, ognized for the risks he took to promote also put Hanscom into dangerous situa¬ and protect the human rights of political tions in which he displayed courage in leaders and endangered individuals in carrying out his duties in the face of signifi¬ Cambodia. cant personal risk. Based on his superb command of the Smith holds a certificate from L'lnstitut Khmer language, his range of contacts d'Etudes Politiques in Paris, a bachelor's and his willingness to offer contrary view¬ degree from Georgetown University points, Smith played a central role as School of Foreign Service and a master's Embassy Phnom Penh tracked a deterio¬ degree in European studies from the rating civil situation. Embassy analyses London School of Economics and Political were developed during extensive debate Science. He has also had FS assignments and discussion in which Smith vigorously to Yaounde and Copenhagen. presented independent and often differing Karen Decker was runner-up for the assessments which shaped, to a significant Rivkin Award for her work as a Political/ degree, the Embassy's analyses. Economic officer in Sarajevo. Hanscom Smith

2 AFSA NEWS - JUNE I 998 W. AVERELL HARRIMAN AWARD WINNER: WILLIAM DAVIES SOHIER

Oilliam Davies Sohier is winner of delivery service for successful applicants, the W. Averell Harriman Award and you have a job that would seriously for his exceptional performance challenge any seasoned mid-level con¬ as Acting Deputy Chief of the Nonimmi¬ sular officer, let alone a relative novice." grant Visa Unit in Mexico City. Sohier Prepared when necessary to assert assumed the job during a period of crisis views differing from those of Washington occasioned by the unexpected departure and senior post management, Sohier of the chief and deputy chief of the unit urged solutions grounded in the reality of and the disruptive transition from one visa visa issuance in Mexico and concern for processing system to another. the welfare of visa applicants, thereby According to the nominating officer, minimizing via processing disruptions. Richard F. Gonzalez, under normal cir¬ Sohier graduated from Harvard cumstances, the deputy nonimmigrant College and Suffolk University Law visa chief's job in Mexico City is "one of School and also received an LL.M. in the most challenging mid-level jobs in the taxation from Boston University Law world. Add to that the introduction of a School. He is a Sloan Management new generation of visa processing soft¬ Fellow from London Business School. ware, requiring extensive retraining of all Before joining the Foreign Service in staff, the installation of a user-pay visa 1994, he practiced law in Boston. information and appointment system, and Soheir is now working in the Political Section in Mexico City. the introduction of an in-house package William Davies Sohier

DELAVAN AWARD WINNER: JOYCE HARLEY

Ohe Delavan Award, presented where 25 Embassy staff and dependents opportunities and schedule events which to a Foreign Service secretary were involved in life-threatening incidents would provide diversions. who has made extraordinary over a 19-month period, Harley's empa¬ Harley's other accomplishments contributions to effectiveness, profession¬ thy, her ability to deal with crises and her included coordination of successful offi¬ alism and morale, goes to Joyce Harley remarkable calm allowed her and those cial functions such as the Fourth of July for her service as secretary to the ambas¬ around her to provide support and picnic which set a new standard for sador in Phnom Penh. solace at times of emergency. national day events in Cambodia. "The During a difficult and dangerous peri¬ In his nomination of Joyce Harley for prime minister was so enthralled that he od in Cambodia, Harley's official perfor¬ the Delavan Award, Ambassador Quinn stayed for an hour and a half," accord¬ mance was exemplary. Her admirable wrote that her "personal graciousness ing to the ambassador. work on the interagency team con¬ and never ending good cheer helped a Harley is now secretary to the tributed to the team's award-winning beleaguered Embassy community cope ambassador in Budapest. political reporting; Harley was one of with the intimidating threats we increas¬ Phyllis Gain, Administrative Assistant only two secretaries in the foreign affairs ingly faced." to the Principal Officer, Consulate community honored for such work. More than anyone, Harley took it Hermosillo, was runner-up for the As the security situation in Cambodia upon herself to raise flagging spirits with¬ Delavan Award for her "initiative and deteriorated and the potential for crimi¬ in the Embassy community. She was the stamina in carrying out American for¬ nal and political violence increased, driving force in the creation of a new eign policy and her hard work in the Harley's actions within the community interagency quality of life committee reinvention of the AmConsul did much to raise morale. In a post which set about to systematically create Hermosillo."

AFSA NEWS - JUNE I 998 3 N\. JUANITA GUESS AWARD WINNER: LINDA AHMED

Ohe M. Juanita Guess Award with management. In a post considered goes to the Community Liaison difficult and culturally isolated, Ahmed's Officer "... who has demonstrat¬ "... cheerful resourcefulness, steady relia¬ ed outstanding dedication, energy and bility and enormous energy continue to imagination in assisting the families of enrich the American Embassy community Americans serving at an overseas post." today," said one officer. Linda Ahmed, this year's award win¬ Born and raised in Maryland, Ahmed ner, was nominated by a group of 15 received a bachelor's degree in sociology. FSOs, staff and community members in She is married to FSO Naim Ahmed and Riyadh, where Ahmed has been CLO they have two children. She has been post¬ since 1996, who believe she is exception¬ ed with her family in Dharan, Brasilia, al in her initiative and commitment to the Amman and Manila, where she was well-being of the community. Ahmed was involved in volunteer activities and cited by singled out for her dedication to the the ambassadors for her contributions to Service, much more than full-time work in the embassy community. Ahmed also a part-time job, support for newcomers worked as a library assistant in international and families, hard work in program devel¬ schools in Dharan, Brasilia and Amman. opment, representation in numerous orga¬ Eliana Saxton, Embassy nizations, advocacy for the underrepre¬ Antananarivo, was runner-up for the M. & sented—all coupled with superb teamwork Juanita Guess Award. Linda Ahmed

Oulie Abbot Murphy, Embassy The Murphy created the Caring Committee, a Hague, is the recipient of the Avis means of support to the community in Bohlen Award for 1 998. times of personal need or crisis, and Established by the late Pamela Harriman, secured the designation of the AEG as a the Bohlen Award honors the memory of State Department-approved Embassy Avis Bohlen, wife of the late Ambassador body. For these accomplishments and her Charles E. Bohlen. This award recognizes "boundless community spirit and generous "a member of a family of a Foreign nature" Murphy was enthusiastically nomi¬ Service employee whose relations with the nated for this award by Charge d'Affaires American and foreign communities at a William P. Pope. Foreign Service post have done the most to A native of Louisville, Ga., Murphy advance the interests of the United States." received a bachelor's degree at the Murphy was nominated for her excel¬ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, lent achievements as president of the and a master's degree from the University American Embassy Group, a nonprofit of Georgia. She served as legislative volunteer organization comprising 220 assistant and later legislature director for Embassy families, as a very active mem¬ Senator Sam Nunn. She is married to ber of the American Women's Club and FSO Sean Murphy; they have a son, as a leader in outreach to the Dutch com¬ Jack, six, and a daughter, Lisa, three. munity, particularly the needy. In addition Jan E. Keith, Embassy Seoul, was to managing traditional AEG activities, runner-up for the Bohlen Award.

Julie Abbot Murphy

4 AFSA NEWS - JUNE 1998 FOREIGN SERVICE DAY OBSERVED

(Left) AFSA Pres. Dan Geisler and FS Director General Edward W. Gnehm Jr. lead a moment of silence before the Memorial Plaque during the cere¬ mony at which the name of Leslianne Shedd was unveiled. (Right) The Shedd family attended the Memorial Plaque ceremony. Flanking the Plaque are her parents, Ruth and Robert Shedd, brother Darin and sister Corinne. Ms. Shedd was recog¬ nized for her courage and concern for others prior to the crash of an Ethiopian Airways flight off the Comoros Nov. 23, 1996, following a hijacking.

AFSA/AAFSVZ Merit Award FS Director General winners were recognized on Edward W. Gnehm Jr. Foreign Service Day. hosted the FS Day Representing the 29 win¬ events. He is pictured ners were, left to right, introducing the luncheon Elizabeth Nach, David speaker, Counselor of Hutchinson, Ariana Guss the Department Wendy and Katherine Stocking. Sherman, in the AFSA Education Committee Benjamin Franklin Chair Ed Dillery presented Diplomatic Reception the certificates. Room.

Mary Ryan, L. Bruce Laingen received the Assistant Foreign Service Cup of DACOR, Secretary of presented by DACOR President State for Joan Clark, for 50 years of pub¬ Consular lic service. Laingen and his wife, Affairs, Penelope (far right), were joined addressed the on the occasion by their son, Lt. first plenary on Cmdr. Charles Laingen, daugh¬ "New Consular ter-in-law Laura, and grandchil¬ Strategies." dren Jackson and Libby.

The AFSA brunch Saturday morning provided an oppor¬ tunity for Dan Geisler talks with DACOR President AFSA Joan Clark at the AFSA Foreign Service Participants in Foreign Service Day took the leaders to exchange views with members from around the Day reception. opportunity to socialize between events. country.

Foreign Service retirees enjoy the AFSA Foreign Service Day reception Friday evening at the Foreign Service Club

AFSA NEWS - JUNE I 998 5 Righting Virginia Voting Wrongs

By Ken Nakamura, AFSA Congressional Affairs Director, and Tara Gay, Congressional Affairs Intern

We are finally approaching the Constitution began in 1995 after FS Richmond, has been superlative. He has proverbial "light at the end of employees posted abroad wrote AFSA worked with Delegate Katzen and has the tunnel" in AFSA's efforts to to express anger that they were prohib¬ always been ready to testify on behalf of amend the Constitution of Virginia. ited from voting in their local elections. AFSA and the 23,000 active and retired While the final steps of a statewide ref¬ These employees had children who Foreign Service personnel it represents. erendum and a third time through the attended Virginia schools and colleges, Former Ambassador Robert Fritts, now of Virginia State legislature remain, we were concerned with the local govern¬ the College of William and Mary, has believe that Virginians residing abroad ing boards, paid Virginia state taxes also joined this effort by providing his for reasons of employment will soon be yearly and planned to return to knowledge of Virginia politics and by able to vote as absentees in statexind Virginia after service abroad. AFSA enlisting his friends and colleagues on local elections. found no similar voting problems in the Political Science faculty to advise on On April 22, Virginia Governor Maryland or the District of Columbia. approaches in support of the referendum. James Gilmore signed H.B. 1094, leg¬ Former AFSA President F.A. "Tex" AFSA has received the endorsement islation that places on the November Harris, now Consul General in of the League of Women Voters of 1998 ballot the question of giving the Melbourne, approached college friend Virginia and is seeking others. LVVWA Virginia legislature authority to amend and FS colleague Katzen about this prob¬ President Connie Houston wrote to the Constitution regarding voting lem. Recognizing the unfairness of this AFSA President Dan Geisler: requirements for absentees in state and law, Katzen agreed to help AFSA fight for local elections. a change in the voting requirements. "LWVVA enthusiastically supports Even with the indispensable help of The rest is history. Last year the H.J. 201 and H.B. 1094 .... The ! retired FSO and current Virginia Katzen bill passed unanimously in both League believes that democratic Delegate Jay Katzen (R-Warrenton), the House of Delegates and the government depends upon the three Virginia legislative sessions were Senate. This year it drew only one neg¬ informed and active participation of required to get this far. To amend the ative vote, in the House of Delegates. its citizens and we think Virginia Constitution of Virginia, identical legis¬ At the signing ceremony, Governor should make that participation as lation must go through two consecutive Gilmore called H.B. 1094 an important easy as possible to those who wish sessions of the legislature, with an inter¬ bill which would "appropriately to register and vote. Removing barri¬ vening legislative election, before it can expand the franchise." ers that prevent Virginians employed become a referendum question. Mr. AFSA retirees are playing an essential and assigned abroad from absentee Katzen sponsored and guided the leg¬ role in moving this issue. Without voting in state and local elections is islation to overwhelming victories in Delegate Katzen's involvement we to be commended and we applaud both the House of Delegates and the would never have gotten this initiative off AFSA for its efforts to increase the Senate this year and last. the ground. But the advocacy of retired accessibility to the electoral process, AFSA's effort to amend the Virginia FSO Ralph Graner, our man in and the right of every citizen to vote. We look forward to the passage of this amendment to the Constitution of Virginia and will certainly urge our members as well as the citizens of the Commonwealth to vote yes on this ballot issue when they go to the polls on November 3, 1998."

We have won important battles thus far in our support of Virginian FS fami¬ lies posted abroad. But challenges face us before we can declare victory. The expansion of the franchise benefits everyone—those living in Virginia and those posted abroad. Our efforts address an issue that is fundamental to the rights of citizens in any democracy— the right to vote. The change to the AFSA President Dan Geisler, Virginia State Delegate Jay Katzen, Retired FSO Ralph Graner and AFSA Constitution of Virginia proposed by Congressional Affairs Director Ken Nakamura (standing, left to right) were among the guests in Richmond AFSA is the right thing to do, particularly when Governor James Gilmore (seated) signed H.B. 1094, one step in AFSA's fight for absentee voting for a state that calls itself the "Birthplace rights to Virginians whose work forces them to live abroad. of Presidents."

AFSA NEWS • JUNE I 998 Inside - RETIREES THE FOREIGN SERVICE COMMUNITY

• EDWARD DILLERY AFSA Members in Action • Boarstone Press recently published Son The Message; Diplomacy Matters of Flanders: The Making of a Consul by retired FSO Arnold J. Denys. One of the great benefits of Service Day. The word is good—from being your Vice President is resolution of challenging foreign poli¬ •The late Ann Devroy, The Washington that I get to hear your views in cy issues to advances in visas and Post White House correspondent and wife many forums: the events surrounding passport technology to keeping the of FSJ Editorial Board member Mark Foreign Service Day; our recent Foreign Service vital and relevant and Matthews, was memorialized in May at Standing Committee meeting, and of at an appropriate size—despite her alma mater, the University of course, your letters, telephone calls resource problems. Wisconsin-Eau Claire. A scholarship fund¬ and e-mail messages. It just The key to obtaining ed by her friends and colleagues will go to proves the point that one adequate resources for for¬ a journalism student and the university will should never invite former "I was struck eign affairs continues to be honor Devroy each year with a special members of the Foreign securing strong public sup¬ day of lectures on press issues. Service to express views or by the upbeat port. You—individually and ask questions unless the messages through your regional • Retired FSO Eugene D. Schmiel, of the expectation is that there groups of foreign affairs Institute for Experiential Learning of will be lots of them. Keep we received on retirees—have been doing a Washington, D.C., published "A Visa for those cards and letters Foreign Service great job on that score. Wladzu" in the most recent issue of the coming. Director General Gnehm SUN (Spouses Underground Network) Your comments are very Day." told us he is counting on and "Ms. Hearst, I Presume ... " and "The important as the Governing retirees to help get out the Purple Captain's Final Voyage" in American word on what the Foreign Diplomacy or Foreign Service as we observe in 1999 please let Ward Thompson or me (919) 362-7233, or Rebecca Coleman at the 75th anniversary of the Rogers Act, know of your interest in attending. If . See which created the Foreign Service in not, once again I want to ask for your www.geocities.com/tokyo/towers/9974. 1924, and the formation of AFSA. views on the restructuring or any As to the future of the Foreign other issue affecting AFSA. I really Do you have news about an AFSA member or of an Service, I was struck by the upbeat would like to include them in event of interest to the FS community? messages we received from State Committee meetings and pass them Fax it to (202) 338-8244. Department speakers on Foreign on to the Board.

AFSA NEWS • JUNE 1998 7 THE ART COMMERCIAL SERVICE OF INTERNATIONAL

LIVING:

• BY CHARLES KESTENBAUM • PROVIDING SUPPORT FOR A GLOBAL Integration Revisited MOBILE LIFESTYLE My last column broadly outlined four positions designated as regional the issue of "integration," or find¬ trade promotion coordinators. Most are The Art of International Living is a new ing ways to better connect the junior FCS officers receiving a firm bimonthly newsletter by, for and about two primary networks of the US&FCS: our grounding in the needs of our domestic expatriate family members from the corpo¬ hundred-odd posts overseas and our simi¬ clients, which are generally different rate, military, Foreign Service and interna¬ lar number of domestic field offices. from those of U.S. business communities tional communities. The first of its kind, The Integration is manifest in two aspects, in residence abroad. Art of International Living helps expatriates programs and personnel, and What are these differ¬ confront the many challenges of actually revolve around very basic—yet ences? Domestic clients are living a well-balanced and rewarding complicated in their practical "Regardless of the export-ready firms that often lifestyle while stationed away from friends, implementation—principles. challenges lack an international market¬ family and all that is familiar. Regarding programs: We offer ing strategy and need help The content centers around a "reader the most finely tuned, carefully we face, identifying business opportuni¬ exchange." Family members write in with tailored products and services we are all ties and potential customers, their own positive, problem-solving tech¬ to our clients, U.S. business. On partners, distributors or niques. "Sharing experiences also creates personnel: Officers, GS and committed agents. U.S. executives resid¬ an extended sense of community and pro¬ FS, must have experience in the to succeed." ing abroad are well past that vides long term support to family mem¬ counterpart side of the service. entry point and need detailed bers," says Kate Goggin, Managing Editor Our domestic field officers, local market intelligence or, of The Art of International Living. "These known as trade specialists, perhaps, advocacy to counter are important byproducts of the original work with groups of client firms the interventions of competing design," according to Goggin, a Foreign in geographic territory, developing export¬ governments. Service spouse. The publication is targeted ing strategies, identifying trade leads and The largest problem we face is inte¬ for the newly initiated and the venerable tailoring information services and products grating the GS and FS personnel systems veteran mover. According to recent to the clients' specific needs. These with differing natures. One changes posts reports, there are more than three million domestic officers are grouped by geo¬ every three or four years, uprooting and Americans living abroad. Goggin says, graphic region into two sets of "teams," relocating regularly. The other "puts down "There is a wealth of wisdom out there and e.g., Africa team, and by sector, e.g., infor¬ roots" in a local community and may expats are anxious to share it." mation technology team. Staff overseas remain until retirement. One system is "This publication is a direct response to participate as team members when need. competitive in terms of promotion, having the overwhelming demand from expat fami¬ Program integration is going smoothly. personal ranks and bidding on jobs ly members to be recognized for their con¬ We are working to tailor our various mar¬ based on that rank. The other features tributions to a successful international assign¬ ket research products and assistance pro¬ assignments based on the job's rank and ment," says Goggin. Family members are grams—Gold Keys, International with a different evaluation for promotion. frequently overlooked when calculating the Company Profiles—to the individual needs One faces time-in-class selection out of ser¬ human resource investment within corpora¬ of the client, whether a small telecommuni¬ vice while the other does not face such tions, the military and the Foreign Service, cations manufacturer in Ventura or a latex "up or out" pressures. In some respects, all employers who demand international glove machinery manufacturer in our situation is much like those created by relocation for job assignment. But increas¬ Cleveland. We are now adept at plan¬ corporate mergers and takeovers. How ingly, progressive employers are recogniz¬ ning trade events, recruiting participants easy will it be to mesh the Detroit culture ing the success of an employee's interna¬ and organizing the data necessary to of Chrysler with the German culture of tional posting is dependent on a well-adjust¬ demonstrate the utility of U.S. firms partici¬ Mercedes? Or that of The Travelers ed, supportive family. According to Goggin, pating in trade events. Of course, we are Insurance Group with Citibank's, or The Art of International Living is an essential also focusing closely on the information Hughes' with Raytheon's? tool to help family members create a suc¬ management and communications sys¬ The bottom line: We are committed—as cessful international lifestyle. For more infor¬ tems necessary to effectively link offices a complete US&FCS unit—to providing as mation, contact: around the United States and the world. seamless and integrated a program as pos¬ The Art of International Living Personnel systems integration has sible to our U.S. business clients. 12427 Hedges Run Dr. #107 been much more difficult. We currently Regardless of the challenges we face, we Woodbridge, VA22192 have 22 FSOs serving in various capaci¬ are all committed to succeed. U.S. national (703) 494-9757 ties around the domestic system, including interests demand it. [email protected]

8 AFSA NEWS • JUNE I 998 PMA Scholarship Renewed = USAID = The Public Members Association of the Foreign Service • BY FRANK MILLER • (PMA) has con¬ tributed $3,000 toward a scholar¬ The RIF and GS-FS Conversions ship under AFSA's Financial Aid In September 1996, USAID carried out ed hundreds of thousands of dollars in Program. This a reduction-in-force which led to the fir¬ RIFed employees through training in tech¬ need-based ing of 91 FSOs. Their selection was nical areas, foreign languages, policy college scholarship allegedly based on an analysis of long¬ dialogue and overseas operations man¬ will be awarded to a child of a Foreign Service term workforce needs and a determina¬ agement. It makes no sense to retrain employee in the junior or senior year of college major¬ tion of skill code and class level surpluses other employees when the knowledge ing in foreign affairs. PMA has supported the AFSA or deficits. Despite repeated requests for and experience are readily available Scholarship Program since 1992; this is the second this analysis, AFSA has never among RIFed employees. year the scholarship award has been $3,000. In the been privy to this report. "How can we ask Further, proposed conver¬ sions at the FSO 1 level are an photograph above, AFSA President Dan Geisler At AFSA's request, USAID FS staff to take accepts a check from PMA President Holly Thomas established a Foreign Service outrage to career FSOs. With and PMA member Nick Frankhouser. Reemployment Priority List career risks while fewer promotions at all levels, this would seriously affect (RPL) for future use, should a they watch CS need arise for the skills of a career and promotion oppor¬ RIFed FSO. RIFed employees employees move tunities at the FSO2/03 levels. Wanted: Director How can we ask FS staff to were led to believe that they unimpeded into 75th Anniversary Celebration would be given priority should take personal and career risks, the agency find that their tech¬ FS01 positions?" serve in hardship posts, give Part time: June-August 1998 up opportunities for spousal Full time: September 1998-June 1999 nical skill area changed from Part time: July-September 1999 a surplus to a deficit. employment and compete in Full time annual salary base: $36,000 In September 1995, an up-or-out system that can The Director of the 75th Anniversary President Clinton ordered all agencies to take 20+ years to reach FSOl from FS Celebration will be responsible for coor¬ develop programs to help employees 04 while they watch CS employees move dination of all activities of the 75th anniversary celebration of the Foreign affected by downsizing and to give them unimpeded into FS-01 positions? What is Service of the United States and the priority for jobs in their agencies. AFSA the value of a Foreign Service career? A American Foreign Service Association. believes USAID has a moral obligation to rigorous review of Civil Service employee Responsibilities will include all logistical rehire RIFed employees with needed skills performance, academic background, skill arrangements for a May 1999 State areas and assignments is necessary to Department Diplomatic Reception before initiating conversions. Administrator Gala/Dinner, two other Washington, Atwood and Chief of Staff McCall determine specific class levels for conver¬ D.C., events and 2-3 outreach programs assured employees this would happen if sion. Present salary level is NOT the best for the American public and the overseas conditions changed and RIFed surplus indicator for conversion level. While most Foreign Service community. The Director areas became deficit areas. In the current FS employees were hired as IDIs, with will coordinate the activities of the Anniversary Committee. FS assignment cycle, USAID is having trou¬ experience and salary histories that Specific Duties • Collection and genera¬ ble filling overseas and Washington posi¬ would have argued for entry at FS-02 or tion of mailing/invitation lists tions and is seeking Civil Service employ¬ a high step of FS-03, as a matter of • Coordination of printing and design of ees interested in filling overseas vacancies USAID policy, most IDIs were required to invitations and promotional material enter at the FS-04 level. • Logistical arrangements for events and on non-career limited appointments. programs • Assistance to the 75th To date, USAID has reemployed only AFSA believes that current vacancies Committee Anniversary with fund-raising two of the 91 RIFed FSOs; two others are at the FS-02/01 levels that remain unfilled appeals • Communication and coordina¬ being processed for reemployment. It is after bringing back RIFed employees tion with approximately 20 participating AFSA's understanding that, since the RIF could be filled by increasing stretch organizations ‘Administrative support for the Anniversary Committee and Chair announcement, the agency has hired sev¬ assignments of FS-03/02s and filling in Qualifications • Experience with event eral dozen outsiders, some of whom were behind them with lower level conversions. planning and execution • Experience with political appointees. Where did USAID More can be done to cross-train current fund-raising • Knowledge of the Foreign find money for this and why weren't quali¬ FSOs in relatively surplus categories. Service • Strong written and oral commu¬ USAID has not analyzed the impact nication skills. • Proficiency with comput¬ fied RIFed employees reinstated? ers and word processing Notwithstanding the executive order of CS conversions on FS careers and To apply, send resume and cover letter to: and the moral implications of manage¬ promotions. Why should career FSOs Personnel, AFSA, 2101 E St, N.W. ment's not keeping its word, rehiring suffer because of poor management and Washington, D.C 20037 makes good economic sense. AID invest- an absence of workforce planning? Fax: (202) 338-6820

AFSA NEWS - JUNE 1998 9 WORLDWIDE INSURANCE FOR FOREIGN SERVICE PERSONNEL

PERSONAL PROPERTY ■ AUTO MARINE ■ MARINE TRIP

Administered by UNIRISC 1120 20th Street, N.W. ■ Suite 720 Washington, D.C. 20036 Telephone (202) 728-4100 Toll Free 1 (800) 424-9500 Facsimile (202) 479-4471

COMPETITIVE RATES ■ Broad BLANKET coverage now available ■ Automatic replacement cost ■ Automatic coverage up to 10% of total Underwritten by London Insurers insured value for new acquisitions Join the ranks of our satisfied customers. ■ Foreign comprehensive personal liability Call toll free from anywhere in the United States or write for more information. E-mail us at [email protected]

AS PREVIOUSLY INSURED THROUGH HTB INSURANCE

AFSA TAX COUNSEL: Problems of tax & COMPLETE TAX & ACCOUNTING SER¬ TAX & FINANCIAL SERVICES finance. Never a charge to AFSA members for VICE: Specialize in Foreign Service and over¬ ATTORNEY, FORMER FOREIGN SER¬ telephone guidance. Bob Dussell at tax work seas contractor situations. Virginia M. Test, VICE OFFICER: Extensive experience w/ tax both within and without IRS since '37. Now CPA 2595 Chandler Ave. # 18, Las Vegas, NV problems peculiar to the Foreign Service. solely in practice to assist FS employees and 89120, (702) 795-3648, FAX (702) 433-9191, Available for consultation, tax planning, and preparation of returns: their families. Bob Dussell (703) 841-0158; fax e-mail [email protected] (703) 522-5726. Office 100' from Virginia M. Bruce Hirshorn, Boring & Pilger ATTORNEY Suite D, 307 Maple Ave, West Square Metro station at 3601 Fairfax Drive, Vienna, VA 22180 (703) 281-2161 Arlington, VA 22201. FORMER FOREIGN SERVICE Fax: (703)281-9464 email [email protected] FORMER FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER GRIEVANCE BOARD MEMBER with 25 NOW PRACTICING LAW IN DC/MD. General FREE TAX CONSULTATION: For over¬ practice; estate planning: wills, trusts, living years experience in employment and person¬ seas personnel. We process returns as wills, powers of attorney; probate administra¬ nel law before MSPB, FLRA and EEOC. received, without delay. Preparation and rep¬ tion; domestic relations; FS grievances. Specializing in Federal employee grievances resentation by Enrolled Agents. Federal and Gregory V. Powell; Furey, Doolan & Abell, concerning performance evaluations, discipli¬ all states prepared includes "TAX TRAX” LLP; 8401 Conn Ave., #1100, Chevy Chase, nary actions, involuntary removal, sexual unique mini-financial planning review with rec¬ MD 20815 (301) 652-6880 fax (301) 652-8972. ommendations. Full planning available. Get harassment and discrimination based on the most from your financial dollar! Financial ROLAND S. HEARD, CPA handicap (including alcohol and drug abuse). Forecasts Inc., Barry B. De Marr, CFP, EA 1091 Chaddwyck Dr. Free Initial Consultation. 1001 N. Highland St. #301 Arlington, Va Athens, GA 30606 Sam Horn, Tel. and Fax (301) 933-9723 22201, Clarendon Metro, (703) 841-1040, FAX Tel/FAX (706) 769-8976 (703) 841-5865. E-mail: [email protected] WILL/ESTATE PLANNING by attorney ATTORNEY, MASTER’S IN TAX: Ten • U.S. income tax services who is a former FSO. Have your will reviewed years experience preparing tax returns and • Many FS & contractor clients and updated, or new one prepared: No charge advising clients. Author of THE EX-PAT’S • Practiced before the IRS for initial consultation. M. Bruce Hirshorn, GUIDE TO U.S. TAXES. Clients overseas wel¬ • Financial planning Boring & Pilger, Suite D, 307 Maple Ave. W, come. JANE BRUNO, 4809 N. 25th St., • American Institute of CPAs, Member Vienna, VA 22180 (703)281-2161, Fax (703) Arlington, VA 22207 Tel (703) 525-8106 FAX: (703) 525-3327 e-mail: [email protected] FIRST CONSULTATION FREE 281 -9464 e-mail [email protected]

I0 AFSA NEWS • JUNE I998 J.P. PROPERTIES, LTD.: Complete pro¬ VIRGINIA GRIEVANCES: MANDATORY fessional dedication to the management of res¬ Licensed Real Estate Broker in VA and RETIREMENT OR idential property in Northern Virginia. Our pro¬ MD, certified by National Trust for Historic SEPARATION? DEFECTIVE EER? fessionals will provide personal attention to Preservation, and certified Buyer agent. 15 your home, careful tenant screening, and video years abroad as career FS and as World Bank Attorney with 19 years succesful experi¬ inspections of your property. We are equipped spouse provide experience for international or ence SPECIALIZING IN FS GRIEVANCES to handle all of your property management domestic relocations. Marghi (Barone) Fauss, will represent you to protect vital interests in needs. We work 7 days a week! Over 19 years Associate Broker, McEnearney & Associates these or other career matters including non¬ real estate experience and Foreign Service (800) 548-9080 ext. 243, Fax (703) 370-1410, promotion, selection out, non-tenuring, disci¬ overseas living experience. JOANN PIEKNEY, E-mail: [email protected] plinary actions at State, AID, USIA, and Com¬ 301 Maple Ave. W., 4-C, Vienna, VA 22180. merce. Call Bridget R. Mugane at (202) 387- Tel. (703) 938-0909 Fax (703) 281-9782 E- AGS REALTY - Property Management. 4383 (Farragut Square), or (301) 596-0175. mail: [email protected] Saying the right thing is easy, but doing the Free initial consultation. right thing is what we are all about: • Manage¬ FAHEY & ASSOCIATES: Do you want ment, leasing, and sales • Serving Virginia, TAX PREPARATION professional and caring property management Maryland and DC • 31 years experience- We for your select Northern Virginia property? save you money & keep tenants happy* With CPA, SPECIALIST in offshore U.S. tax¬ Expertise and personal attention to detail are us you'll never look elsewhere* Efficient Ser¬ payer issues. 40+ years experience. Tax and the hallmarks of our established firm. Call vice with personal attention* References? Talk estate planning and TAX RETURN PREPA¬ Gerry Romberg for exceptional service. 6842 with any of our clients. You'll be sure you have RATION, all federal and all states. Initial con¬ Elm Street, Suite 303, McLean, VA 22101 made the right choice when you work with us. tact - no charge or obligation. Absolutely con¬ (703) 691-2006, Fax (703) 448-9652, E-mail: Call Caroline Hilliard. Tel: (202) 333-1815 fidential. Special care for delinquent filers, [email protected] Fax: (202) 333-1652 E-mail: social security acct problems, IRS and state MANOR SERVICES: Former federal law [email protected] AGS REALTY, 2121 controversies. JOHN D. NEBEKER, CPA enforcement officer, offers BEST tenant Wisconsin Ave. NW #320, Wash., D.C. 20007. 179 No. Nightfall Ave„ Tucson, AZ 85748 Tel. screening. Frequent inspections. Mortgages or Fax (520) 721-7718, E-mail: [email protected] paid. Repairs. Close PERSONAL attention. TEMPORARY HOUSING ESTATE PLANNING ATTORNEY We’re small, but VERY effective. FS and Mil. A MAIN STATE TOUR IN 1998? The refs. Our rates are lower than anyone on this sooner we begin planning your home pur¬ Wills, Trusts and Powers of Attorney, page.And our SERVICE is better, too. Com- chase, the easier the transition will be for you building blocks for the transfer and preserva¬ pare-you’ll see. We don’t sell, we do “HANDS- tion of wealth prepared by former Trust officer, and your family. There are a variety of hous¬ ON" management, only. TERSH NORTON ing options in N. Virginia offering easy access frequent guest speaker on estate planning Box 42429, Washington, DC 20015 Tel. (202) topics. For consultation and information call to public transportation, safe and secure 363-2990, Fax (202)363-4736 E-mail: nor- neighborhoods and a good rental market for Matthew W. Lucas, Esquire, 8027 Leesburg [email protected] Pike, Suite 207, Vienna, VA 22182. Tel. (703) your home when you go overseas. 821-5522. E-mail: lucas@ids_2idsonline.com REALTY GROUP, INC. Having provided exclusive representation Ask about our Foreign Service Discount. as a buyer agent for FS personnel over the Specializing in D.C. past ten years, we can focus quickly and effi¬ PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Property Management & Sales ciently on your special housing requirements. PEAKE MANAGEMENT, INC- Exclusively Credit Checks • Repair Forecasting Discover How Much You Can Buy...And How To Get It Now. Contact Marilyn Cantrell, property management and leasing since Quarterly Inspection • Monthly Statements 1982. FS family owned and operated. CRS, GRI, Assoc. Broker at McEnearney Accepting a limited number of new clients References Available Assoc., 1320 Old Chain Bridge Rd., McLean, VA 22101, Tel (703) 790-9090. Fax (703) 734- with Northern Virgina properties renting at AMY FISHER: (202) 544-8762 9460, E-mail: [email protected] $1,400 and above. DON TORRILLO: (202) 547-4602 Effective marketing, exceptional tenant screening, thorough inspections, experienced, Fax:(202) 543-7630 H.A. GILL & SON Offers the proven, expert property man¬ detail oriented and easy to work with.Call for E-mail: [email protected] agement services that have satisfied hun¬ our unique “Landlord Reference Manual” FOCUSED ON QUALITY dreds of FSOs for over 108 years. As a small¬ describing the rental and property manage¬ er company, we can provide you with the indi¬ ment process step-by-step, we specialize in WJD Management is competitively taking good care of your home. priced, of course. However, if you are consid¬ vidual attention and diligent care of your prop¬ erty that you deserve when you are overseas Call Lindsey Peake: Tel. (703) 448-0212, ering hiring a property management firm, don’t - and at the most competitive rates. We are Fax (703) 448-9652, E-mail: forget the old saying “You get what you pay [email protected] 6842 Elm Street, for." Property management is essentially an completely computerized with easy-to-read monthly & annual statements. Specializing in McLean, VA 22101. information management business. There is the management and sale of fine single fami¬ DIPLOMAT PROPERTIES, INC. Were definitely a proper and an improper way to manage this information. Without the right ly properties and condominiums in the District, proud to provide excellence in property man¬ & Montgomery County. Please call John Gill, staff, the right software, and in particular the agement during your assignment abroad. Jr. at (202) 338-5000, Fax at (202) 338-2545, right attitude, the management of your home Serving No. Va. only. (Owned and operated or E-mail at: [email protected] by a former Foreign Service family). We offer can easily become problematic for everyone the following: highly experienced manage¬ involved. All of us at WJD have worked for TEMPORARY HOUSING ment, quality tenants, superior maintenance, other property management firms in the past, strong communication, effective advertising at and we have learned what to do and more WASHINGTON DC or NFATC TOUR? importantly what not to do from our experi¬ no extra cost, 24 hour emergency service. Get EXECUTIVE HOUSING CONSULTANTS, ences at these companies. We invite you to to know us, a company that cares. For man¬ offers Metropolitan Washington D.C.’s finest explore our web site at www.wjdpm.com for agement services information, contact: Robin portfolio of short-term, fully-furnished and more information, or call us at (703) 684-0800. Gomez, Tel. (703) 522-5900, Fax (703) 525- equipped apartments, townhomes and single 4713. E-mail: [email protected] 3900 N. REAL ESTATE family residences in Maryland, D.C. and Vir¬ Fairfax Drive, Suite 204, Arlington, VA 22203. ELEGANT APARTMENTS AT RIVER PLACE ginia. WASHINGTON MANAGEMENT SER¬ Arlington, VA; Efficiencies one, two- bedrooms, two In Virginia: “River Place’s Finest” is steps VICES: Residential property management is blocks from metro, FSI. Bike or Metro to Pentagon. to Rosslyn Metro and Georgetown and 15 our only business. Call or write: 2015 Q St. Superior furnishings, immediate phone and CATV, minutes on Metro bus or State Department NW, Wash, D.C. 20009. (202) 462-7212, E- microwave, linens and many amenities. Site has shuttle to NFATC. For more info, please call mail: [email protected] spa, rates within your per diem. Call (301) 279-0392 us at (301) 951- 4111 or visit our website: or fax Sojourner Housing at (301) 762-7692 for www.executivehousing.com brochure or reservations E-mail: [email protected]

AFSA NEWS *JUNE I 998 I I SUN BELT, 150 MILES TO DC $5,600< LONG - TERM LEASE MOTHER’S DREAM appraisal, min to Busch Gardens, Williamsburg, mil bases, shopping, Va Bch. 2,429 sq ft, 3 Br FSO couple offers 3 bedroom, 3 bath, dining Operate your business in the comfort of 2.5 BA mas Br his/her closets, many extras rm, eat-in kitchen, walk-in closet home on Capi¬ home. Nutritional products were recognized on $139,500 ERA Pauline Snider (800) 229-6214. tol Hill for 2 yr. lease from Aug/Sep. Newly ren¬ the Today Show as one of the top 10 products ovated with dry basement storage, of the year for children; they are covered under NORTHWEST ISLAND PROPERTY: washer/dryer, deck, alarm system. 1 blk to Lin¬ major medical health plan; and company is Spectacular views, mild climate, safe commu¬ coln Park, walk to the Mall. $1,200/month + util. expanding into overseas markets. Don't trade nity, boating, fishing, hiking, between Seattle (202) 543-7439 (evenings) E-mail: hours for dollars-leverage your time to earn & Vancouver, B.C. Contact former FSO Jan [email protected] continual income. Give the gift of health and Zehner, Coldwell Banker Orcas Island, (800) wealth to those you love. Foreign Service 552-7072; Fax (360) 376-5095, P.O. Box 127, Walk to Vienna Metro - Charming spouse Cynthia Olson, 703.768.6179, E-mail: Eastsound, WA 98245, E-mail: Rambler on Wooded Cul-de-Sac [email protected] [email protected] Renovated 40-year-old rambler in Vienna Woods, 5 BR, 3 full baths includes in-law suite FLORIDA in basement, finished rec. room with wet bar, Original David Roberts Lithographs Longboat Key / Sarasota. Luxury gas heat, old growth trees, friendly neighbor¬ The Holy Land and Egypt (ca. 1846) Antique homes/villas/condos/ and NO state income' hood, great schools, approx. .8 mi. to Metro. engravings of Catherwood, Redoute, taxes. I can help with exploratory trip. $1450/month.Avail. July 1998 for up to 3 yrs. Bartlett, Audubon, Gould. Bible/Koran SHARON OPER. Sarasota Realty Group Call property manager Lucinda Hoveskeland, leaves, etc. MC/VISA Tel/Fax (941) 387-7199; E-mail: Tel. (703) 354-5933 Fax (703) 941-0615, E- PETRA FINE ART, P.O. Box 16321 Balti¬ [email protected] or toll freel (888) 926-7101. mail: [email protected] more, MD 21210 Tel. (410) 235-1696 website: http://www.attach.net/infocentral/petra FLORIDA SPACE COAST Watch NASA FLORIDA shuttle launches from your house! 1 1/2 miles BOOKS to the Indian River. Enjoy miles of undevel¬ Enjoy sun, gracious living, and no State oped beach. Titusville, 1 hour to Disney and Income Tax. Former FSO Paul Byrnes spe¬ ANY U.S. BOOK in print.Send check Orlando. 3BR, 2 bath, central air throughout, cializes in sales in Sarasota, the jewel of Flori¬ when books arrive. Salmagundi Books 66 new tile in living areas, Fla. Room w/ac, 2-car da’s Gulf coast, but can assist with property Main St, Cold Spring, NY 10516. e-Mail garage, beautifully landscaped corner lot, anywhere in the State. Call toll free: 1 (800) [email protected] many tropical fruit trees. New storm shutters, 766-1610. Use E-mail: [email protected] Books, Books, Books. We have thou¬ new roof (Dec. '96). $85,000 a terrific value. or write him at Prudential FI Realty, 100 N. sands in stock, do special orders daily, search For sale by owner (407) 269-7801. E-mail: Tamiami Tr., Sarasota, Florida 34236. for out-of-print books, large selection of CD's [email protected] Seen the World? and cassettes; Jazz a specialty. Visa or Mas¬ tercard. THE VERMONT BOOK SHOP SHORT - TERM RENTALS Now Come Home 38 Main Street, Middlebury, VT 05753. Foreign Service Associates can provide Here’s the place for you. A magnificent PURCHASES fully furnished apartments at River Place just woodland dwelling filled with space and light in 5 minutes from the new NFATC facility and the North Carolina Mountains. Five minutes to one block from SA-15. We have efficiencies, 1 the cosmopolitan town of Black Mountain. 110-220-VOLT bedrooms, and some 2 bedrooms, usually Twenty minutes to Asheville, WNC's lively EXPORT PRODUCTS within your per diem. Apts, are fully furnished small city. Area is famed as a mecca for kitchens, cable TV, telephone, linens, and all tourists, immensely popular for retirement and Transformers, Voltage Regulators, utilities included. Write Foreign Service young families. House is easy to maintain (cen¬ TV/VCR, Electronics, Appliances, Office Prod¬ Associates, P.O. Box 12855, Arlington, VA tral vacuum) and energy efficient. Hardwood ucts, Supplies. Embassy: Tel. (703) 845-0800 22209 or call (800) 993-6997, Fax (703) 527- floors throughout. Wonderful for family and Fax (703) 820-9385 E-mail: 0279, E-mail: [email protected] entertaining. Huge windows, four beautiful bed¬ [email protected] Visit our show¬ rooms, 31/2 baths, office, studio, or extra bed¬ room (Please see our display ad). FOR RENT room, tiled sunroom, two fireplaces, incredible CONDO ADAMS MORGAN Avail. Mid living room, gourmet kitchen, family room with INTERNATIONAL July 1998 2 BR, 1 1/2 BA, 1045 sq ft, fpl W/D dining, formal dining room, two large decks. CAC D/W, bit in bkcs, W2W carpet in BR & BA, Lower ground floor can be completed as apart¬ AUDIO/VIDEO ELECTRONICS big kitchen (gas), rfdk, 2nd fl, 20 unit bldg. 18th ment, home office or business. $468,000. Gay St & downtown views, bsmt storage, quiet end Currie Fox Real Estate (704) 669-8027 P.O. We specialize in the sales of consumer of 18th St. L-1 bus to Dept. $1,400/month Box 308, Black Mountain, NC 28711 electronics to the international community (w/cable) Karen Sasahara, Fax (202) 647-0221 since 1974. We carry a full line of 220 volt Tel (202) 647-7253. FOR SALE electronics working on PAL/SECAM/NTSC Vermont village/country house sum¬ CONDO FOR SALE: Good Investment! system. Price quotations from mer rental, Thetford Hill, 8 miles to Falls Church garden condo, 2 BR 2 BA FP, PVOs/NGOs/USG welcome. EXPORTS Hanover, NH. $500/week 1,800/month. 4 Deck w/ lake view. Excellent access to schools, ELECTRONICS, INC. 1719 Connecticut Ave. brms. 3 bths., 10 acre meadow adjoins Metro, shopping, $112,900. Tel/Fax (334) NW, Washington, D.C. 20009. Near Dupont state forest. Available June 15 - Septoept 1. 887-2375. Circle. M-F 9:30 - 6:30 Sat 9:30 - 6:00 Sun 12 Call Peter BlodgettDdge (802) 785-43I61 (O) Retirement community condo for sale. - 5 Voice: 202-232-2244, Fax: (202) 265-2435 or (785) 2636 (H). One Bedroom, livingroom/dining area, sun lnternet:http://www.erols.com/aval E-mail: room, off golf course. Transportation, club [email protected] (Small business, Minority, COLORADO VACATION RENTAL: activities, congenial atmosphere. Phyllis Gain, Women owned). Spend home leave in beautiful Durango. 3 BR c/o Century 21, Sunrise, Florida, Tel (954) town home, fully furnished and equipped by 749-8100, Fax (954) 749-8905. NEED HOUSE SITTER? FSO family. Available by week or month. Con¬ tact: [email protected] or (520) 750- GOLF/BEACH PARADISE! Why not Neat, responsible, SAIS student seeks 1351 (phone and fax) own property at the Currituck Club, a housesitting position for 6 months to 1 yr. APARTMENT FOR RENT-ROME, ITALY world class golf/beach resort in Corolla, N.VA/DC Ref. Avail. Tel. (703) 237-1956. Wide, nice, furnished apartment. 5 minutes NC in the Outer Banks. Corolla just voted one of five top U.S. retirement spots by from Underground station. E-mail: contuc- New on the AFSA WEB SITE [email protected] the WSJ. For more information, call or write: Barry Heyman, former FSO, Blue WEB CLASSIFIEDS: "Holiday, Home Leave or Weekend" Heron Realty, Cambra & Assoc. (703) 5 BR house, w/waterviews Oxford, MD (202) 644-8591. E-mail: [email protected] www.afsa.org/fsj/index.html 619-6593, (202) 619-6593 Fax (202) 619- 5958, E-mail: [email protected]

I2 AFSA NEWS - JUNE I 998 I let others deal with it.” Kissinger on Eagleburger FSJ: Henry Kissinger Eagleburger says he likes in one of his books wrote consulting — both for "Eagleburger's skill was the management of that you were Kissinger Associates in the men and organizations. An experienced attached to the Foreign ’80s and for Baker Foreign Service officer, he understood the Service” and that you Donelson now. “Its not as foibles of his colleagues without succumb¬ tried to turn the “service interesting as the State ing to their parochialism. He had the virtue into a great institution.” Department,” he cracks, of being deeply attached to the Foreign Do you think he was right “but die paydays are better.” Service; he used this dedication as a chal¬ about that? And while Baker lenge to seek to turn his service into a great Donelson takes on foreign institution." Eagleburger: My view clients, Eagleburger does of the Foreign Service was Henry Kissinger, in his book not. “I will not represent somewhat ambivalent; I foreign corporations or for¬ Years of Upheaval, 1982 always thought we could be eign governments. I don’t better than we were. think it’s proper,” he says. There’s no question that I In the exchange that follows, believed that the American Eagleburger discusses with FS] edi¬ somebody else, I’m not sure it Foreign Service was as good as any tor Bob Guldin some of the high- would have worked. My audience country’s. I tried to make it better. But points and lowpoints of his 40-year was receptive. I could only work around the edges. career inside and outside the State Department.

FSJ: Do you think that, having come up through the Foreign Service, you brought a special per¬ spective to the job of secretary of State?

Eagleburger: I came to the secretary’s job, and the deputy secretary’s job too, with a more sympathetic attitude toward the Foreign Service than most out¬ siders have. Of course, my appointment was political. I was out of the Foreign Service when it happened, but I had spent 27 years in it. You have to have lived within the Foreign Service for a long time to understand it completely. Along with this came the ability to explain the State Department and the Foreign Service to the political types. Now, with George Bush, you were talking with some¬ body who admired the Foreign Service and was ready to respect it anyway. If I’d been trying to do ROBERT E. KAISER that with Lyndon Johnson or With Henry Kissinger, 1977, at Eagleburgers swearing-in as ambas¬ sador to Yugoslavia.

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 35 You can’t come in like Henry and I did in the middle of a term, and make real changes. You’ve got to have four years — preferably eight — and the complete support of the presi¬ dent. Otherwise, you’ll end up with something that is jerry-built and done under the pressure of time. If Gerald Ford had been reelected, and I had spent the next four years with

Henry, I would have WHITE HOUSE PHOTO made some real Teammates: Eagleburger (then acting secretary of State) with James Baker, changes. October 1992. Or if George Bush had been reelected, and I had viability of the department and the worked for, he’d salute and do what stayed where I was, I would have Foreign Service. They needed to be he was told or we’d find him a job tried to make some really substantial examined as a whole, by some really somewhere else. changes. bright people, for a year if necessary. When reorganization is done, will They should come up with an inte¬ it be coherent? If we’re not careful FSJ: What kind of changes? grated program, then you’ve got to we’ll make a sow’s ear out of a silk bring it to the president and then to purse. Eagleburger: I never developed the Congress. a list of specifics. But one change is At one point Warren Christopher FSJ: The Foreign Service has bringing the various foreign affairs was arguing for changes — I think it been shrinking the last few years. agencies into a much closer align¬ had to do with amalgamation of What’s your view of that? ment with the State Department. agencies — and Vice President Gore There’s an effort now under way, but just shot him down. What’s the Eagleburger: It’s an unhealthy I’m afraid it’s going to fall on its face. point? If you don’t have complete trend, though some of the reduc¬ Certainly if AID [the Agency for support from the president on down tions may make sense. But if they do International Development] isn’t a bef ore you put your toe in the water, make sense it will be sheer luck. part of that, you won’t have accom¬ no change can take place. It’s part and parcel of the view in plished a hell of a lot. the country, in Congress, maybe in Second, the personnel system FSJ: What do yon think of the the administration as well, that what needs a complete revamping. In current plan for consolidation? the State Department and the recruiting, for example. I know we Foreign Service do is now less rele¬ are losing good people, because it Eagleburger: It worries me, vant, with the Cold War over, and takes so long to bring them into the because it’s happening in fits and more emphasis on the private sector service. starts. The AID director, Brian in economic relations. I don’t want The promotion process, the effi¬ Atwood, worked Congress so that to call it neo-isolationist, but it ciency report process, I find fuzzy AID is not a part of it. Mind, I have comes close. It’s an extension of “It’s and unclear. great admiration for him and his the economy, stupid.” It’s an unso¬ All of these questions affect the guts. But in any administration I phisticated mindset.

36 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 FSJ: I’ve heard it said that that we would get in the middle of a Secretary James Baker despised the civil war, not just between two par¬ Foreign Service. Did he? There’s a view in this ties but four or five. And you’re try¬ ing to keep the peace, with the dan¬ country — I don V want to Eagleburger: That’s unfair. ger that this could escalate into a real Henry Kissinger supposedly call it neo-isolationist, shooting match. You would have to despised the Foreign Service too. ask yourself if you’ll put in more The Foreign Service has a penchant but it comes close. It’s an troops or pull out, with neither alter¬ for paranoia. That’s one of the amus¬ native very good. The lessons of ing and frustrating things about it. extension of “Its the Vietnam — they may have been the Jim Baker did not despise the wrong lessons — but they were cer¬ Foreign Sendee. I think it is fair to say economy, stupid. ” tainly there. that he was much more comfortable I have compliments for the getting his work done with a small Dayton accords. But unless we keep group of people. And therefore he did of time, even today, asking myself the troops in there for a long time, soon not use the department and the same questions. I’m not sure I can after we withdraw we’re going to find Foreign Service as much as they would answer them. them back at each other’s throats. I have liked. You could say the same As the world’s greatest superpow¬ don’t think the Dayton accords could thing of Henry Kissinger, or Dean er, and in time the world’s only have been done on our watch. I think Rusk, or Dean Acheson. After a time, superpower, couldn’t we have done things had to get a lot worse before Jim’s attitude tended to mellow. some things to prevent some of the the Dayton accords could be put in Almost all political leaders have slaughter? I think the answer to that place. some distrust of the Foreign Service, is yes. Another point: this really was an though George Bush had that far less I cannot deny that Vietnam was in issue that the Europeans should have than any other president I could the minds of a lot of us. I worried handled. That’s no excuse. We did name, because he had worked with the Foreign Sendee in Beijing and the U.N. If you wanted to name a president who really distrusted the Foreign Service, start with Richard Nixon. I don't think Kennedy was any better, though maybe less “expletive delet¬ ed” about it. You know, senior FSOs play into that distrust, when they run off and write books which detail the mistakes of whatever administrations they served in. It makes the next set of political leaders worry about whether we’re going to do it to them. I will never write a book!

FSJ: You were the ambassador to Yugoslavia in the Carter years, and then were deputy secretary when that country fell apart. Could we have done more to prevent it? Was it our job to do so?

Eagleburger: I spend a good deal WHITE HOUSE PHOTO With President Reagan at the White House, 1981

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 37 Saddam is not a threat not do everything we could have to we did that. And to wreck the Iraqi force the Europeans to deal with it. military establishment, so that it But there was such a difference Eagleburger: I’ll answer your sec¬ wouldn’t be a threat. And we did of views among our allies, espe¬ ond question first. No I don’t think it that, perhaps not as thoroughly as cially Germany, France and was a mistake not to go after we could have, but fundamentally Britain, that expecting the Saddam. we did that. Europeans to handle Yugoslavia However, I do think another day If we had then taken a deep was more than the traffic could or two of sending the Republican breath and said, OK, now we’re bear. But we didn’t try hard Guard to their makers would have going to go after Saddam, first, we enough. been useful, would have substantially would have been in real trouble with If there was a time we could weakened Saddam. our allies. Secondly, if you shift the have done something, it was veiy As to Saddam himself, first, we objective in this way, we would have early on. It would have taken didn’t know where he was. needed more force, and how long something like the 19th century Certainly, we would have had to go would it have taken? Things become Congress of Berlin, with some¬ into Baghdad, with whatever that fuzzy at this point. body like Metternich or meant in casualties. Secondly, we I still don’t believe, despite all Bismarck. didn’t know who would replace the mess, that Saddam now is a par¬ In the Bush administration, the Saddam if we got rid of him. They ticular threat so long as the sanc¬ only way we could have stopped it would have been better, but how tions remain in place. Where we’re was the deployment of a substan¬ much better who knows. Thirdly, getting in trouble is how much tial number of ground forces. I and this is the one I feel most longer can we maintain the sanc¬ know it’s been argued that demon¬ strongly about — don’t change your tions internationally. With all the stration strikes might have objectives in midstream. We had set trouble we’ve had with Saddam worked. But demonstrations or out to kick the Iraqis out of Kuwait; over the last several years, none of it threats can backfire, if you’re not prepared to carry them out. The president and Jim Baker would not have agreed to putting a substantial number of ground troops in — and I wouldn’t have pro¬ posed it. It was a mess; it is a mess; there are no heroes in that game. I’m uncomfortable saying this, but looking back on it, there isn’t much I would have changed.

FSJ: Two questions on the Persian Gulf War. First, couldn’t we have prevented that war through diploma¬ cy? And second, once war did happen, should we have gone all the way into Baghdad to remove Saddam Hussein? The up-and-coming FSO with President Lyndon Johnson, 1966

38 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 threatens world peace. So the would depend on whether he answer is, from my perspective, we believed us or not. Bemember that The Foreign Service has did it just about right. it took us several months to put Now, could we have avoided the a penchant for paranoia. together the kind of coalition that war in the first place? I assume we’re could take him on, unless we want¬ talking about reports that we were That's one of the amusing ed to do it unilaterally. playing hanky panky with Saddam in the earlier days. They’re mostly not and frustrating things FSJ: 7 know you want to talk true. But getting that demonstrated about the Middle East peace process. is like pushing a peanut up a hill with about it. your nose. Eagleburger: What the United Yeah, we sold some wheat to him States has done is a most egregious step on credit. But that didn’t give him back from a set of responsibilities that any additional advantage when he we’ve assumed for die better part of 40 wanted to go into Kuwait. action without any reference to the years. I can’t tell you how frustrated I Did we misunderstand his president. Saddam did not decide to am that Tony Blair is now bringing the motives? Probably, but so did the invade Kuwait because of his conver¬ PLO and die Israelis togedier in a con¬ Kuwaitis. So did a lot of people. sation with Glaspie. ference. Where are we? Should we blame Ambassador If we had thoroughly understood The U.S. has willingly stepped April Glaspie for not being tougher what he was going to do ahead of aside. I have to assume it’s because when she met with Saddam? time, if we had gone to him with an we’re worried that putting pressure Baloney! I was an ambassador once. ultimatum that said cross the bor¬ on the sides, especially the Israelis, Any ambassador who knows anything der and we’re going to do the fol¬ will cause damage at home. We’ve at all about her job is not going to lowing 28 things to you, maybe it become almost irrelevant, and that’s commit the United States to military would have made a difference. That very dangerous. You'll Find lOOW^ys To Spend 30 Days At Georgetown Suites. Coming to Washington for an extended stay? Our oversized, luxurious suites put you close to the business district and historic sights, world-class dining and eclectic shops that make Georgetown so exceptional.

For reservations or information, please call our Sales Department today. • Free Continental Breakfast • Fully equipped kitchens EORGETOWN • Free local calls • 2 for 1 dining at selected restaurants • Free daily maid service • 15 Minutes From National Airport

1000 29th Street, N.W. • Washington, D.C. 20007 • 202-298-7800 • 800-348-7203 • e-mail: info(a georgetownsuites.com

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 39 If you want to know why there man, then the future is not bright. was so little enthusiasm when we But if we still want people who were talking with the Middle East Yugoslavia are immersed enough in some¬ countries about getting tough with body else’s country and culture Saddam this last time, I know for a was a moss; it is a mess. that they can give some insights fact that we were being told, There are no heroes you can’t get from a Web site or you’ve got a double standard. You from pushing a button on a com¬ want to clobber this guy because in that game. puter, then I think there’s still a he violates U.N. resolutions, but major role for the Foreign Service what are you doing about the mess and for diplomacy. in Israel? It’s a question of nuance. You I’ve been a strong defender of get into a tight negotiation, you’d Israel for the last 30 years. But I like to have somebody who under¬ believe that Binyamin Netanyahu Israel, but our role was critical for stands the subtleties — that can has a great deal to answer for — them. I’m afraid we have lost that. make a difference. How do you his policies are going to lead to In the end it’s our interests that interpret what somebody just said agony for his own people. And get gored. to you? What are their motiva¬ we’ve been supine, turning our tions? You can’t get that out of a back on our historic role. FSJ: In 20 years, will there still computer. Always in the past, the Arab be a Foreign Service, will it still be One question I have: Will the states wanted the U.S. involved neededP speed at which we now communi¬ because they knew we were the cate drive out thought? I worry only party that could bring Israel Eagleburger: I don’t know. I can about that a lot. Instant answers to to the table. They may have railed tell you if all the Foreign Service is instant problems can get you in a against our close relationship with asked to do is be somebody’s post¬ hell of a lot of trouble. ■ International Phone Calls Don't Have To Cost A Fortune Anymore! Do you pay exorbitantly high rates, stay up nights for off-peak rates, pay 75%> 15% to 25% tax, and then put up with poor quality ? from Try the World Wide Telecom difference. Anywhere Used by Embassies & Diplomats across the world. One Low Rate 24 hours a day. Free activation, no monthly fee or surcharges. Yes, send me details ASAP. Referral Program saves even more. Name: Reach 1-800 numbers in the USA. Tel: _ No changes to your phone or line. Fax: Works with phone, fax, cellular or PC. Email: World Wide Visit our Website Personal Account Corporate Account © http://www.wwtelecom.com 8230 Old Courthouse Rd, Suite 510, Vienna, VA 22182, USA Tel: 1-703-883-3933 Fax: 1-703-883-3932 Email: [email protected]

40 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Home Suite Home Enjoy an extended stay at any of the (3) conveniently located Executive Club Suites! We offer personalized service in spacious apartment size suites. Many amenities include:

• Fully equipped kitchens • Healthclub w/Sauna; Seasonal pool IAU/AICX) • Dining Area • Free parking &C shuttle service • Living Rooms w/ Queen sleep sofa • jacuzzi (Art/Ro«) • Master bedroom * extra cost Per person • We accept pets (refundable deposit & cleanup fee) Executive Club Suites 610 Bashford Lane, Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone: (703) 739-2582 ToU free: 1(800) 535- CLUB Fax: (703) 739-9318 We are a participating FARA housing property. Rosslyn Arlington Alexandria 1730 Arlington Boulevard 108 South Courthouse Road 610 Bashford Lane Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 Arlington, Virginia 22204 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 ph: (703) 525-2582 ph: (703) 522-2582 ph: (703) 739-2582 fax: (703)516-9260 fax: (703) 486-2694 fax: (703) 739-4950

How To Buy Anto Insurance Overseas There's really only one way. Select the agent who offers broad experience and o high level of repeat business. Experience that helps you ovoid the pitfalls of a highly complex business. Repeat business that results from providing what's best for the customer not the ogent nor the insurance company.

Since 1969,Horry M. Jannette International has provided dependable coverage with U.S. carriers with a financial rating of A+ or higher to thousands of Foreign Service personnel worldwide. Thus you gain the broadest U.S. terms and conditions and flexible value limits often not available from other insurance carriers. • WORLDWIDE COVERAGE Fire, theft,comprehensive and collision protection are available at foreign posts. • U.S. AUTO LIABILITY Available for short term on home leave change of assignment, and new auto purchase prior to foreign departure. This coverage must be issued in combination with an "Embassy Plan" policy. • OCEAN/AIR CARGO COVERAGE Transit available from U.S. to post, post to post, and post to U.S. • FOREIGN LIABILITY We suggest contacting your post on arrival. Local laws may require specific limits and coverage. Pricing is normally best on site.Tor compliance, either excess or primary liability insurance is available. • PERSONAL COVERAGE Household Goods and Transit,Valuable Articles, Personal Liability, Life Insurance • EMPLOYEE ASSOCIATION INSURANCE Including Directors and Officers • MAJOR CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED Contact us today Let us send you the "Embassy Plan" brochure or See our website application. Harry M. Jannette International A Wood-Wilson Company 8111 LBJ Freeway, Suite #585 Dallas,Texas 75251-1334 • Telephone (972) 783-4915 FAX (972) 783-0545 Call (800) 256-5141 • [email protected] • www.jannetteintl.com

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 41 The Middle School Years

“Where Education And Tradition Form The Perfect Balance” We are committed to academic excellence and to the development in our cadets of self discipline and a sense of responsibility toward the community at large. We instill a Le Mans system of values and a work ethic which will continue to serve them after their school years. Academy

Ninty-eight percent of our graduates are accepted into the t A Boarding School for Country’s leading universities and service academies. For Boys, Grades 5 through 9 grades 8 through 12 plus one year for post graduates. tSponsored by the Brothers of Holy Cross, For a free catalog, contact the Marine Military Academy Notre Dame Admissions Office at 320 Iwo Jima Boulevard, Harlingen, Texas ■(•Progressive academics in 78550 or call 956/423-6006, Ext 252. a nurturing, structured environment t A culturally diverse MARINE student body t90 minutes east of MILITARY ACADEMY Chicago, IL, near email: [email protected] South Bend, IN or visit our web site at: www.mma-tx.edu (219) 778-2521 MMA does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national or ethnic origin. www.asgusa.com/lemans SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Native Lunch

What happens when your children go to foreign schools ? An anthropologist/mom offers advice for parents.

BY GAIL BENJAMIN

What do parents learn when district office and to the school to seem serious, and by making connec¬ their children attend register them, we were asked several tions between talk about it in differ¬ school in a foreign coun¬ times if the children could eat ent contexts did lunch become a try? My husband and I took our Japanese food and warned that eating learning experience for me and not seven-year-old daughter and 11-year- the school lunch was required. In the just an annoyance. old son to a city outside Tokyo, in part throes of getting settled, this talk Listening to what people say is to learn the answer to that question. largely slipped by, and my interest in important, but so is watching what What we, and I especially as an lunch, since my kids didn’t complain they do, and I think parents need to anthropologist and a mother, learned about it and since I hate packing take every opportunity to watch is recounted in my book Japanese lunches, was not excited until the fall, school activities. I was allowed as a Lessons. I think I came to a new and when a mothers’ meeting to discuss researcher to observe classes, but just better understanding of Japanese cul¬ the upcoming fifth grade trip, three as a mother I attended visiting days, ture and society, of Japanese views on days to a Nature Center, focused hung around the playground, went to children and education, of the role almost exclusively on the lunch from Sports Day and looked at textbooks, and job of being a mother in Japan. home the children would eat on the homework and class projects. One of Not only did all of us learn to speak bus trip to the center. the topics Japanese people discuss Japanese, we learned some of what What could possibly be so prob¬ about education is the role of schools Japanese children learn in school — lematic about a packed lunch? And in stifling or fostering creativity. In how to be Japanese. on the other hand why were the general, they say their schools do not Some families choose to put them¬ bookstores full of books and maga¬ do a good job in this area. But from selves in this situation, some have lit¬ zines about how to prepare lunches my observations of classroom activi¬ tle choice. If parents choose to make for children? Americans certainly ties, of science, art, social studies and the most of their own learning from seem to get along without those. And music projects, I saw little rote learn¬ having children in non-American why did my Japanese friends and ing going on (that tends to be home¬ schools, there are some tactics for acquaintances continually ask about work, and part of my job as a mother making the most of the situation. how the children were adjusting to is to get kids to master the multipli¬ One tactic that’s not so obvious as school lunches? I eventually decided cation tables and similar uncreative it sounds is to listen to what school that school lunch is a major socializa¬ learning). administrators, teachers and parents tion tool in Japanese elementary say. When we took our children to the schools, that it is related to moral In school, there’s almost no time lessons on when individualism is spent on drill work, or filling in the blanks or coloring pictures others Gail Benjamin, who teaches anthro¬ appropriate and when it is not, and pology at the University of Pittsburgh, how to exercise individuality without have drawn. Compared to other wrote Japanese Lessons, New York challenging group cohesiveness. Only school systems, the actual activities I University Press, 1997. by taking seriously a topic that didn’t observed seemed to me not to stifle

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 43 SCHOOLS creativity but to encourage individu¬ ality. Even in activities like group cal¬ TASIS isthenics, observation made it clear The International Schools that individuals could get away with in a class by themselves very half-hearted participation, with¬ out being punished (or rewarded with attention). Since 1955, TASIS has been the first choice in international education. One of the words that appears ■ Three magnificent campuses in over and over in the talk about Europe, near Lugano, London, Athens school, the text materials, and the announcements of school activities is ■ Co-ed; Day Students, Pre-K-12; Boarding, 7-12; Post Graduate year the word for “fun,” enjoyment. It is offered as a justification for elaborate ■ Challenging and diverse curricula: US College prep, A.P., I.B., I.G.C.S.E. activities, as well as a goal for some ■ Extensive travel, sports, arts and classes. activities Again, paying attention to this one ■ Outstanding university placement incongruous word leads to an under¬ record standing, I believe, of the motiva¬ ■ Exciting summer programs offering tions that Japanese educators think foreign languages and academic operate with children. Just as chil¬ TASIS U.S. Office, Dept. FSJ credit courses. dren learn before they go to school 1640 Wisconsin Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20007 Tel: (202) 965-5900, Fax: (202) 965 5816 ■ Scholarships for Foreign Service because the learning is satisfying in E-mail: [email protected] children and of itself (think about how well Website: http://www.tasis.com children learn to speak their native language, or perform the physical skills of playing, without much instruction, punishment or explicit Some kids earn an extra diploma at George School reward), Japanese schools are geared to making social interaction in many

S O Ml \'t K\ c. U'ABI.I C. ! < » K C. I SCIIOOI areas rewarding for children (read: students can earn both a traditional diploma “fun”) so that academic learning is and an International Baccalaureate (IB) diploma. tackled in the same spirit. It works,

In 1997, 21 George School students earned too, in Japan. the internationally recognized IB diploma. Seeing how the classroom teach¬ I hey had spent their junior and senior years ers incorporated our children—two at George School participating in the acade¬ of the 10 foreign students and the mically rigorous IB program. Many colleges — only English speakers in a school of even the most selective — will grant them 1,000 children — gave us all an up to a lull years college credit lor successful appreciation for how this educational IB scores. philosophy works out in practice. lo find out more about George School pro¬ Though our children were reason¬ grams. contact the Admission Office. ably competent students and chil¬ George School, Box 4460, Newtown, P\ 18940 dren in America, in Japan they were Phone: 2 15-579-6547, fax: 215-579-6549 the most incompetent members of I -mail: [email protected] 12.pa.us their classes. Japanese classes are \\eh: wuw.georgeschool.pvt.k 12.pa.us organized into small work groups which do many activities together: The same group cooperates at sci¬ ence experiments, serving lunch, cleaning the school, solving math

44 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 SCHOOLS

problems, doing art projects, orga¬ nizing social studies discussions and so on. These groups are heteroge¬ A FUTURE OF neous in terms of special skills, per¬ sonality, gender and academic ability. GREAT POSSIBILITIES Children get rewarded or scolded as a group for their performances at these activities: My children loved the applause that came from the rest of the class after their group solved a trick)' math problem, for instance. These activities involve a wide range of abilities and skills, so that nearly all children, even these two Americans, can make genuine contri¬ butions some of the time. So could FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CALL 214 - 360-6522 the physically and mentally handi¬ capped members of their classrooms. GIRLS: PRE-K - 12TH GRADE • BOARDING: 8TH - 12TH GRADE And many of the activities were ones that children think are fun. When I THE asked my son how he managed to HOCKADAY play in the musical ensemble, with no SCHOOL previous experience on the instru¬ ments, he said, “Oh, the kids showed 11600 WELCH ROAD, DALLAS, TEXAS 75229 • 214-363-6311 me how, and I get the easy parts.” One of the difficulties for parents of taking on this educational experi¬ Students from 34 states and 15 countries ence is that you find yourself being meet at Shattuck-St. Mary’s School very incompetent. You didn’t grow for an outstanding academic experience up in this culture, you don’t take the in a secure, midwest campus community. same issues seriously, you don’t The student-faculty ratio is 7-1 always understand what’s important and all teachers live on campus. and what’s not. You spend a lot of Other features include: time wondering why things are hap¬ ♦ Grades 6-12 ♦ Coed pening, and being surprised at what ♦ Boarding and Day doesn’t happen. You find yourself ♦ Separate Middle School and learning from mistakes more than Upper School programs you’re comfortable with. ♦ Outstanding coaching in drama, music and athletics Sometimes it’s the children who ♦ 45 minutes from bear the brunt of your ignorance. Minneapolis/St. Paul airport I just didn’t understand that the Call 507-333-1618 notice about the jump rope program Fax 507-333-1661 for February meant that my daughter E-mail: [email protected] should be doing daily practice to achieve the goals set. I didn’t cajole her into practicing, and she did very poorly on the test. I didn’t tinder- stand that the announcement about the fifth-grade trip to a temple to SHATTUCK-ST MARYS SCHOOL paint meant I should buy water FARIBAULT, MINNESOTA, U.S.A.

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 45 SCHOOLS

NORTHFIELD MOUNT HERMON SCHOOL Northfield, MA yVyesttown School, founded in 1799, W is a Quaker co-ed day and boarding Northfleld Mount Hermon Is a coeducational board¬ ing school dedicated to preparing students for col¬ school with 600 students from 25 states and 17 lege and for life. The School offers a unique and countries located in dynamic secondary schoolexperience for qualified stu¬ Chester Count)', Pennsylvania. dents in grades 9-12 and a post graduate year.

Our innovative educational program — called the NMHPlan — provides students with an expansive curriculum which includes 230 major courses, a manageable schedule and anindividualized learning environment supported by one-on-one advising . Our friendly community includes an incredibly diverse andmotivated student body, a distinguished and dedicated faculty and provides students with leader- shipopportunities in community service, sports and arts. Our academic facilitiesinclude on-line library system with over 100,000volumes, plus computers and multi-media labs. Notebook computers are uti¬ lized by both faculty andstudents and all student- rooms have internet access. For information contact: Pamela J. Safford Director of Admission Northfield Mount Hermon 206 Main Street Northfield, 85% of the faculty reside on the 600-acre campus MA 01360Phone: (413)498-3227 which includes a science center, art center, field house and Fax:(413)498-3152 24-meter swimming pool. NMH web site: WESTTOWN SCHOOL • WESTTOWN , PA

http: / / www. nmh. northfield .ma. us 610-399-7900

king back on our life in seven countries during career in the German diplomatic service, there is no doubt that St. Andrew's Sewanee is the finest school we've ever seen." — Dr. Werner Pieck German Ambassador to Ecuador (ret.)

"My two sons spent their four high school years at St. Andrew's-Sewanee School whew they were nurtured academically and socially. They thrived under the challenge of the rigorous college preparatory curriculum, participated in sports, and enjoyed the beautiful mountaintop campus. With the solid foundation of an SAS experience to build on, they were ice’ll prepared for the rest of life." — Robert E. Gribbin A Foreign Service Father ) episcopal day & boarding school for 250 students from 20 states and 12 foreign countries I scenic campus on -150 acres near the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee > SAS graduates are currently enrolled at Cornell. Emory, Harvard, Kenyon, Middlebun N Vanderbilt I Summer Programs Academics, Arts. Outdoor Adventure Telephone 931 *598-5651 FAX 598-0039 http://standrews.sewanee.edu

46 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 SCHOOLS EDUCATION You Can Believe In Fall Term Begins August 29 A diverse mix of students, superior academics and a location on Florida’s high- tech Space Coast create an outstanding educational experience at Florida Air Academy — a private, college-preparatory school for young men (ages 12- 19/grades 7-12 & PG).

• Structured, disciplined environment • Small, individualized classes • Low student/teacher ratio • Diverse cultural mix of students • 100% college acceptance rate since 1978 • Air Force JROTC Honor Unit • Elective flight training program • Full athletic program • Exciting field trips to Disney World, Sea World, Kennedy Space Center and more For a copy of our full-color brochure, call our Admissions Office at (407) 723-3211. Or write: Florida Air Academy, Dept. MO, FLORIDA AIR 1950 South Academy Drive. Melbourne, Florida 32901. Fax (407) 676-0422, ACADEMY www.flair.com

Ben Lippen School is known throughout the world for its reputation as a Christian college preparatory school. For more than 50 years, Ben Lippen has provided a Christ-centered education in a context of Christian love and discipleship. Students are challenged Ben Iippen School through academics and residential P.O. Box 3999 • Columbia, SC 29230-3999 living to become responsible A division of Columbia International University individuals who will live "life in abundance" through Jesus Christ. “Equipping Young Minds For more information contact Kimberly Weaver at (803) 786-7200 With The Word of God” or by fax at (803) 786-7851.

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 47 SCHOOLS West Nottingham Academy A boarding and day school close to home Located in Colora, Maryland less than 2 hours from Washington, D.C.

*9-12 Grade and Post-graduate * Competitive Athletics *Enrollment: 135 *AP Courses *Multi-Cultural Community * Average Class Size: 10 individual College Counseling *6/1 Student/Faculty Ratio

We have an open house everyday of the week! To visit our campus, or for more information about our school, please call... Kenneth W. Michelsen, Director of Admissions 1079 Firetower Road Colora, Maryland 21917-1599 (410)658-5556 ext. 209

St. Catherines SCHOOL Name: Katherine Morris Year: Senior Cross Country, Debate Society, Band, Altar Guild, Boarding Advisory Group

/\JOJZAJLA^-^V 0. 'hXjfV^

Accepted at universities everywhere. 100% of St. Catherine's students go on to college. This is hardly surprising when you consider our outstanding academic program. As an established leader in girls' preparatory education, we've implemented a rigorous, stimulating curriculum that provides solid grounding in math, science, his ton' and English, accented with contemporary subjects ranging from Global Problems to PASCAL. Combine our strong academics with an impressive roster of sports, arts, leadership opportunities and community service, and you've got a combination that spells success. Not only at St. Catherine's, but at universities everywhere. For more information, call or write the director of admission. 804-288-2804 St. Catherines 1-800-648-4982 St Catherine's School welcomes qualified students without [email protected] S C H O Q L regard to race, color, and national or ethnic origin. 6001 GROVE AVENUE. RICHMOND. VIRGINIA 23226 www.st.catherines.otg

48 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 SCHOOLS

NEW ON WWW CLASSIFIEDS THE PHELPS SCHOOL On the AFSA Website 53 YEARS OF CARING STRUCTURED ENVIRONMENT www,afsa.org • Boys boarding / day • Grades 7 -12 (Post Graduate) • Emphasis on underachiever Classifieds complete with • Significant achievements with low self-esteem hyperlinks direct to your • Success with learning differences (A.D.D.) most needed services: property management, • College preparatory • Average class size: 7 real estate, attorney, etc. • Student body from 20 states & 10 countries • Safe, 110 acre Philadelphia suburban campus • Sports and activities programs • Equestrian programs, outdoor & indoor arenas • Five week summer school program

• Tuition reduction to State Dept. Employees The Phelps School P.O. Box 476, Malvern PA 19355 AFSA responding 610-644-1754 • Fax 610-644-6679 to your needs www.phelpsschool.org

A FOXCROFT EDUCATION PREPARES YOU FOR A WORLD OF OPPORTUNITY

At Foxcroft, young women prepare for college and for life. They discover and enhance their best academic and personal strengths in this community of learners where 95% of the faculty live on campus. Annual events such as the Goodyear Fellow Program, a two-week Interim Program, and the Poetry Festival enrich the rig¬ orous curriculum. In small classes, the faculty focuses on the collaborative way girls learn best; a Learning Center is available. Outstanding extracurricular opportunities include the Leadership Program, Senior Projects, and eight sports teams—one of which is a Champion Riding Team. Foxcroft’s 500-acre campus provides a beautiful and safe setting located just 50 miles from the cultural and educational resources of Washington, D.C. FOXCROFT -SCHOOL- Foreign Service Scholarships Available

Foxcroft is a college-preparatory boarding and day school for girls in grades 9-12. For more information, please contact: Mary Guest Looney, Director of Admission, Foxcroft School, Post Office Box 5555, Middleburg, VA 20118 1-800-858-2364 • 540-687-4340 • [email protected] www.foxcroft.org

Foxcroft School admits qualified students regardless of race, religion, and national and ethnic origin.

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 49 SCHOOLS

31 YEARS OF £ © tn WORKING o a SPECIFICALLY PC © WITH THE © PROGRAMS: LEARNING m Of) • Primary Program • Elementary School DISABLED e • Junior High School • High School -D • After School Program Call C3 PC • Summer School Program C/3 • Adult Night School • Diagnostic & Today! CQ Psychological Services 202.965.6600 • Career & College Counseling a> • Tutoring Services £ • Tutor Training 4759 Reservoir Road, NW P. | • Lecture Series for PC Washington, DC Parents & Professionals 2 0 0 0 7 • Professional Workshops/ H O www.labschool.org Counseling

Tomorrows leaders will have an international education

WELCOME to St. Michaels University School, one of Canada’s premier, independent, fully co-educational day and boarding schools. • SMUS offers a comprehensive Advanced Placement St. Michaels programme • small classes, acclaimed faculty - national award winners, authors, artists, musicians, University School internationally ranked athletes and coaches VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA • recent provincial championships in basketball, field hockey, rugby and WHETHER YOUR SON OR DAUGHTER IS an badminton academic, artist, musician, or athlete, • safe, friendly learning environment St. Michaels University School has the • 30 minute flight from Seattle or Vancouver outstanding, well-rounded programmes to • graduates attend top U.S. universities stimulate, enrich, encourage and challenge. (Vassar, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Harvard, Please call or e-mail our Admissions office and Stanford, Washington, Gonzaga) speak to Mr. Robert Wilson, Director of • two Rhodes Scholar graduates in the last ten Admissions years • international students from 20 nations attend Phone: (250) 592-2411 • Fax: (250) 592-2812 the school e-mail: [email protected] • advantageous exchange rate with the American dollar Web Site: http://www.smus.bc.ca 3400 Richmond Rd., Victoria, BC Canada V8P 4P5 Boarding and Day School: Now accepting applications for kindergarten to grade 12 placements. Fully co-educational. In North America, call toll free: 1-800-661-5199 Outstanding education for university-bound students

50 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 SCHOOLS painting supplies, so my son went off empty-handed that day. (And I Washington International School wouldn’t have known what to buy, either.) His classmates shared, and vv Colegio Internacional de Washington he came home with a surprisingly Ecole Internationale de Washington good painting. But he should have had the supplies, and it was my fault he didn’t. I could have asked friends and neighbors about it, but I didn’t World-class education even realize there was something to with a global perspective ask about, and I got so tired of being stupid and having to bother them Nursery to Grade 12 day school about so many little things that I let ■ that hold me back. ■ Bilingual and second language programs in English/French and English/Spanish But with luck and pex'severance, ■ Rigorous science and math preparation you’ll find yourself understand¬ ■ Graduates consistently qualify for ing the country you’re living in more advanced standing in U.S. colleges deeply than you can any other way, ■ International Baccalaureate Diploma program and gaining contacts through your ■ Selective, competitive admissions children that will make your time overseas more valuable. 3100 Macomb Street, NW, Washington, DC 20008 Even in a school system as recep¬ tive as the one we encountered in Admissions: (202) 243-1815 fax:(202)243-1807 www.wis.edu Japan, things can be difficult for the children too. Ours found it hard to deal with the Japanese language for much more than the 45 hours a week school involves, so they played after DANA HALL SCHOOL school with friends less than at home. In 1881, Dana Hall's founding was based on a commitment And they missed their old friends, to educating young women for college and beyond... and American TV, and generally feel¬ ing familiar instead of alert all the time. In general, though, they found the year a positive one. I can imagine school systems I wouldn’t want my children to par¬ ticipate in — ones where they might encounter severe sexism, racial, national or religious preju¬ dice, for instance. I can imagine sit¬ uations where my own observations led me to conclude that a suppos¬ ...And The Tradition Continues. edly good school situation was not Dana Hall School is an independent, boarding and day school acceptable. But in Japan I found a for girls in grades 6-12, located 12 miles west of Boston. system where the stereotypes To receive a catalogue, contact the Admission Office. turned out to be very misleading, and instead of a rigid, stultifying Dana Hall School school we found a lively, friendly, 45 Dana Road • Wellesley, MA 02181 individualistic one. ■ (781) 235-3010 x200 • Fax: (781) 235-0577

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 51 SCHOOLS

WASHINGTON, D.C. AREA

SANDY SPRING FRIENDS • ACADEMIC YEAR PROGRAMS • SCHOOL • Elementaiy (Day Only, 7-9 year-olds) • Standard Academic (Includes 1:1 Tutorials) • Expressive Language Icl y«t*4 Lwfc* • College Preparatory (Grades 9-12) • Pre-College (High School Graduates) 5 or 7 DAY BOARDING OPTIONS • SUMMER PROGRAMS • • Standard Academic (Includes 1:1 Tutorials) GRADES 9 - 12 • Prep/Study Skills • Marine Sdence (Ages 14+) • Seamanship Pre-K through 12 Day School • OUTREACH PROGRAM • • Teacher Training, Seminars, Consultation ■ AP COURSES ■ QUALITY FACULTY • Landmark Methodology Publications • LD Information Resources ■ SMALL CLASSES ■ QUAKER VALUES ■ STRONG ARTS, ATHLETICS ■ SUMMER FRIENDS CAMPS

16923 Norwood Road Sandy Spring, MD 20860 Landmark School, Admissions and Outreach Offices Phone: (301) 774-7455 Fax: (301) 924-1115 P Q.Box 227 - FS. Prides Crossing. MA01965 978-927-4440 - FAX 978-927-7268

What ADMIRAL can ESL All girls FAR RAG UT St. Scholastica Grades 6-12 Q4D&S ACADEMY Since 1890 Small classes -Since 1933 Academy Catholic heritage College-preparatory give Boarding/day school Internationally diverse your 100 % college placement daughter? On Florida’s Gulf Coast • Coed, grades 5-12 • 100% acceptance to four-year colleges • Fully-accredited Challenge. • Competitive sports teams • Riflery, scuba, flight, sailing, and more balance. • New 20-terminal multimedia computer center For a brochure, call or write the Confidence. Director of Admissions Admiral Farragut Academy For information contact: 501 Park Street North, Box B SSA Director of Admission St. Petersburg, FL 33710 615 Pike Ave. Phone: (813) 384-5500 • Fax: (813) 347-5160 Call today. Canon City, CO 81212 email: L [email protected] 719-275-7461 Check out our homepage at www.farragut.org

52 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1 998 SCHOOLS

real things are hapl at The Williston Northampton S 'SWfclK-4 CALVERT SCHOOL The Reed Campus Majoi The School That Comes to You Center with six enhancements u Calvert School knows that it is hard to plan a home art studios, photo lab, phones and I. school curriculum—that's why we've done the dance studio, music connect planning for vou. Rely on our experience and practice rooms, snack expertise and home school with confidence. bar and more! Theatre with con • Traditional, rigorous academics in an easy-to-use format. Challenging academic sound and light contra program with many AP is borne to an award¬ • Complete K-8 curriculum: all subjects and supplies included. and Honors options. winning program. • Step-bv-step lesson manuals ideal tor first-time or experienced home schoolers. • Time-saving svsteni affords flexibility lor your family Visit our Web Site and see for yourself at http://www.williston.com • Experienced teachers for guidance and support. Of course you can still call, write or send an email request for informa¬ • CD-ROM, video, and audio courses available. tion to the Admission Office at: 19 Payson Avenue, Easthampton, MA 01027 • Tree catalog upon request Ph. 413/527-3241 Fax. 413/527-9494 Dept. 168 105 Tuscany Rd Baltimore MD 21210 Email: [email protected] 410-243-6030/fax 410-366-0674 Coed,420 students, grades 9-12/PG Founded 1841 e-mail: [email protected] Visit our interactive Web site: http: \vu\v.calvertseluH4.org

The Stony Brook School Character Before Career

.. is emphasized in a safe boarding community Family st\ Ic dining room Daily Chapel with a Christian faculty and diverse student body Faculty involvement both in and outside the classroom Chaperoned tnps to museums, the theater, rafting, camping, scuba diving, and skiing

.. and sets the tone for a college prep program Private School for Boys \\ ostinghouse Science National Talent Search program Marine Science and Sailing program AD(H)D and LD Classes Required athletics State Certified in Special Education Visual and performing arts Year-round Admissions Advanced Placement classes in 11 subjects Limited Enrollment I V'sonak. rd college counseling for parents and students Graduates are accepted at Harvard. Princeton. Dartmouth, George Washington, MIT, and NYU Stone Mountain School 601 Camp Elliott Rd, Black Mountain, N. C. 2871 1 Coeducational • Boarding • Day • Grades 7-12 Phone: (828) 669-8639 Fax: (828) 669-2521 Email address: [email protected] Stony Brook • New York 11790 • Tel 516/751-1800 • Fax 516/751-4211 Website = http:Wwww.stonemountainschool.org http:/ /www. sbs. pvt. k 12.nv. us

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 53 SCHOOLS Mount St. Scholastica Academy Atchison, Kansas A boarding and day high school for young women The Brush Ranch School since 1863 College preparatory education in a Catholic setting A Boarding School

EXCELLENCE - TRADITION - PROMISE Specializing in the Small, safe community Academic Problems Faculty/Student ratio 9:1 College credit courses available of Children with International Student Body Learning Differences 1998 graduating seniors received more than $500,000 in scholarships A structured Program of Cooperative classes and programs with nearby Maur Hill Prep School for boys Personal Achievement Developed for Each Student A young woman Through: ■ Academic Instruction preparing for tomorrow needs the chance ■ Recreational Activities to lead today! ■ A Broad Array of Electives /Consider the Mount Academy! ■ Social Development

For information contact: Director of Admis¬ Gary R. Emmons, Headmaster Accreditation: North Central sions, Mount St. Scholastica Academy P.O. Box 2450 Association, New Mexico Board Santa Fe, NM 87504-2450 of Education, California Dept, of 810 R Street Atchison, Kansas 66002 (505) 757-6114; Education; Member: NAPSEC, Tel. (913) 367-1334 Fax (913) 367-5108 FAX: (505) 757-6118 ODS, LDA.CEC

From pre-kindergarten through 12lh grade, we offer healthy, challenging and exciting programs in a safe and structured environment. As a secondary prep and college prep day and boarding school, we give young men and women an edge on the future. Summer sessions are held in 2,4,6 and 10 week periods that combine fun and study. Camping, computers, study skills, sports, equestrian and ESL programs are only some of the activities students enjoy.

independent co-ed day & boarding Tuition Discount for Embassy Families? primary to university preparation Please call the Admission Office for information 800-433-4687 ♦805-646-1423 Pickering College since 1911 tffi 16945 Bay view Ave., Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 4X2 Canada 0.1ft VtiiFvSrwr 905 895 1700 ~ [email protected] ~ 723 El Paseo Rd„ Ojai, California 93023 www.pickeringcollege.on.ca www.ovs.org

54 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/IUNE 1998 SCHOOLS

HAMPSHIRE COUNTRY SCHOOL

A small boarding school for high ability boys aged S 15 years old who need the extra structure, personal attention and sense of belonging that can be found only in a very small school community.

• Seven day boarding for 25 boys • Usual grade levels 4-10 • Classes of 4 to 8 students • Family style dorms of 6 to 8 students • Recreational soccer, softball, hiking, Mercersburg is an academically rigorous horseback riding, tennis, music, and art college preparatory school for students in • 1700 acres of woods, fields, ponds, grades 9-12 offering all the hallmarks of a hills and streams strong independent school: a dedicated faculty, • A good opportunity for certain high small classes, and award-winning programs in ability students with nonverbal learning the arts, music and athletics. disabilities or attention problems. The Mercersburg Academy William Dickerman, Headmaster Office of Admission 122 Hampshire Road 300 East Seminary Street Rindge, NH 03461 Mercersburg, PA 17236 MERCERSBURG (800) 772-2874 • (717) 328-6173

Telephone: 603-899-3315 Fax: 603-899-6521 A Tradition of Excellence Since 1893 E-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.hampshirecountryschool.com Home Page: www.mercersburg.edu

American Education with European Style Gables Leysin American School In Switzerland ■ Coeducational, boarding, grades 9 - 17. PG 13th grade ACADEMY ■ University-preparatory studies: International Baccalaureate, Advanced Placement, and US High School Diploma Since 1961 ■ Excellent US and International university/college placement A SPECIAL SETTING ■ I ull US and European Accreditation FOR ■ Caring family atmosphere in comfortable residence halls ■ Recreation. Europe-wide educational cultural excursions UNDERACHIEVING A.D.D.ers ■ Summer and winter sports, "Skiing at our Doorstep!” ■ Located in beautiful, peaceful Alpine resort, above Lake • Co-Ed Ages 10-19 Geneva, close to metropolitan Lausanne, Geneva • Small Classes and Montreux • S.A.T. Preparation • Computer Instruction LEYSIN AMERICAN SCHOOL • Athletic Teams IN SWITZERLAND • Cultural Events Sandra F. Bott, Admissions • College Prep P.0. Box 4016. Portsmouth, Nil 03802-4016 603.43 1.7654 Fax 603.431.1280 Historic Stone Mountain Village I -mail 102106.14 60@ comjJUserve.com Day-Boarding 811 Gordon Street Stone Mountain, Georgia 30083 770-465-7500 gablesacademy @ mindspring.com

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 55 SCHOOLS The Grier School

A boarding school for girls in grades 7 - PG

Our school offers: OXFORD ACADEMY ■ A full seven-day boarding program for ONE STUDENT, ONE MASTER IN EACH 160 girls CLASS ■ Traditional secondary For boys ages 14-20, of average to superior school academic program intelligence who have academic deficiencies; who ■ Small classes (2 to 14 students in each) have lost one or more years of school; who wish to accelerate; or international students wishing to ■ Very safe Central Pennsylvania location improve their English in our ESL program and enter ■ Complete weekend American universities. Completely individual activities program instruction. Rolling Admissions. ■ Excellent offerings in Summer School Foreign Service families the arts and athletics receive an annual $2000 June 21-July 24, 1998: $4,880.00 ■ College counseling reduction of tuition fees. ■ Vacation travel planning Boarding and Tuition Please contact: assistance September 1997-June 1998: $36,450.00 Andrew Wilson, ■ Airport transportation Director of Admissions EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM SOLVERS SINCE Grier School 1906 Tyrone, PA 16686 tf: (814) 683-3000 Dept. FSJ, P.O. Box P, Westbrook, CT 06498 fax: (814) 684-2177 Tel: (860)399-6247; Fax: (860)399-6805 email: email: [email protected] [email protected] CARDIGAN Mountain School Founded in 1945

Junior Boarding School for Boys Grades 6-9 CARING, NURTURING, CHALLENGING • a family atmosphere and devoted teachers • a structured daily life helps boys reach their potential • daily tutorials build learning strategies • emphasis on values, community service

for information, call or write: Boarding and day school, grades 6-12 Admissions Office College preparatory curriculum Academic year - Boys, grades 6-9 Student/faculty ratio 4:1 Summer Session - Co-ed, grades 4-9 Admissions Office, Room M Canaan, NH 03741 • 603/523-4321

A quality education is a lasting investment parents LINDEN HALL can make for their children. FOUNDED IN 1716 Financial Aid available on basis of need. (800) 258-5778 Lititz, PA 17543 www.lindenhall.com Member: Junior Boarding Schools Association. National Association of Independent Schools

56 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE I99S SCHOOLS

With 99 courses, 50 extra¬ curricular organizations, 39

sports, and 15 Advanced Placement offerings, Darlington offers more options on campus, in college, and for life. Boarding students grades 9-12; day students grades PK-12. For

information, call 800-368-4437 or visit our web site at www.darlington.rome.ga.us. Or write us at 1014 Cave Spring Road, Rome, Georgia 30161. The Gow School is a college preparatory school for young men, grades 7 - postgrad with Dyslexia tie or Similar Language W Based Learning Differences. Darlington Call 1-716-652-3450 for a school video School Visit our web site at http://www.gow.org

TASIS HELLENIC

■ BOARDING i6 STATES, i6 COUNTRIES ■ COED International School 365 STUDENTS ■ CAMPUS 96 ACRES ■ NYC 20 MILES TASIS has prepared students to study at the • ADVANCED PLACEMENT 14 COURSES finest American, Canadian, British, and other • DARKNESS TABLES international universities. ALL CLASSROOMS ■ FACULTY: 70% ■ Co-educational Pre-K to grade 13 in Kifissia, 20 Km north of Athens center GRADUATE DEGREES ■ Boarding unit for ages 12-19 close to campus ■ARTS MUSIC, DRAMA. in five acres of pine forest with pool and

DANCE, VISUAL ARTS, nearby riding stables ■ TECHNOLOGY ■ British (IGCSE/A Level) and American (college-prep and AP) curricula, strong ESL 3 COMPUTER CENTERS, OIL and Foreign Language Program RESOURCES. NETWORKED ■ Journey Through Antiquity, a five week travel-study summer program for ages 14-19 :.D ROM ■ ATHLETICS with sailing week in the Aegean 14 SPOjfeli TEAMS, 3 LEAGUES For information contact Mrs. Betty Haniotakis, ■ THE MASTERS SCHOOL- Director of Admissions 49 Clinton Ave. Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 Tel: 914-693-1400 P.O. Box 51025 Kifissia 145 10, Athens, Tel.: (+30-1) 808-1426 or 801-2362. Fax: 914-693-1230 Web: http;\\www.theuiastersschool.com Fax: (+30-1) 801-8421. E-mail: [email protected],

- Web site: http://www.tasis.com y r n JT:V .

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 57 SCHOOLS

After nearly a century of educating young * Browne adults, we know your , children can AcademyA achieve success. Start today! School as it Should Be! I’roschiMil 3 llirough (Iradc K *Co-educational Give your child a world of possibilities at Browne Academy. We're a multicultural, Grades 6-PG coeducational, independent school located on a beautiful, safe 11 acre campus just ^Special Tuition outside Old Town Alexandria. Browne Academy's outstanding program features: *Preschool .1 through Grade 8 Packages ♦Small Classes ‘Homework Assistance ♦Individualized Curriculum Lab ♦Summer Camp Program ♦Transportation Available ^Leadership and ♦Extended Care Hours Available Character Education ♦Internationally Diverse Student Body ♦Proudly Educating America's Eoriegn Service Children Programs *Army JROTC Browne Academy *Intensive College and Where Your Child Counts! Scholarship Search ‘Summer Program Browne Academy * 5917 Telegraph Read * Alexandria VA 22.110 * (70.1) 900-.1000 Fftcflimile Number (703) 960-7325 Accredited by VAIS mid NAIS

MASSANUTTEN MILITARY ACADEMY

614 South Main Street Woodstock, Virginia 22664

Contact the Office of YOUR CLASSES, YOUR TEACHERS, Admissions YOUR FUTURE. Tel. (540)459-2167 College is getting close and the competition is tough. Small classes, quality teachers, high standards, traditional values, secure environment, full athletics, discipline Fax (540)459-5421 and responsibility All to guide you successfully through Christchurch, on to college and beyond. Come visit. Call 1-800-296-2306. Ask for Admissions. E-Mail: CHRISTCHURCH [email protected] Web site: SCHOOL-VIRQ I r?iX—■- http://www.milltaryschool.com Christchurch offers a college preparatory curriculum and stimulating summer programs. We are located on the Rappahannock River 10 miles from the Chesapeake Bay and are nondiscriminatory in our admission and financial aid practices.

58 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 199S SCHOOLS

Individualized Ego Supportive Counseling... SCHOOLS INDEX The Cornerstone of the Maplebrook Experience Admiral Farragut Academy p. 53 Pickering College p. 54 Responsibility Increases Self Esteem Ben Lippen School p. 47 Saint Andrews-Sewanee Browne Academy p. 58 School p. 46/polybag R.I.S.E.* Calvert p. 53 Shattuch - St. Marys School p. 45 Cardigan Mountain School p. 56 Southwestern Academy polybag Christchurch School p. 58 St. Catherine’s School p. 48

Dana Hall p. 51 St. Georges School p. 59

WE MAKE THE DIFFERENCE Darlington Schoo lp. 57 St. Michael’s University School p. 50 “Thunk you for giving me the opportunity to provide my daughter with the Florida Air Academy p. 47 St. Scholastica p. 52 stardust that makes her world a happy place. " Maplebrook parent Foxcroft School p. 49 Stone Mountain p. 53 “Test scores, both by Maplebrook and by independent examiners, have Gables Academy p. 55 TASIS Hellenic International demonstrated tremendous growth in my daughter's selfesteem. ” Hampshire Country Day School p. 55 School p. 57 Maplebrook parent Landmark School p. 52 TASIS School p. 44 R.I.S.Er Le Mans Academy p. 42 The Gow School p. 57 Leysin American School in The Grier School p. 56 • AWAKENS THE LEARNER IN EACH STUDENT Switzerland p. 55 The Hockaday School p. 45 • PROMOTES RESPONSIBILITY & DEVELOPS Linden Hall p. .56 The Lab School of YVasliington p. 50 CHARACTER Maplebrook School p. 59 The Masters School p. 57 • FOSTERS INDEPENDENCE & GROWTH Marine Military Academy p. 42 The Oxford Academy p. 56 • ENHANCES SOCIAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT Massanutton Military Academy p. 58 The Phelps School p. 49 Maplebrook School is a traditional boarding school Mercersburg Academy p. 55 The Stony Brook School p. 53 enrolling youngsters with learning differences and A.D.D. Milton Academy polybag Washington International School p. 51 • Internationally acclaimed program now in its fourth printing. Mount St. Schlastica p. 54 West Nottingham Academy p. 48 MAPLEBROOK SCHOOL • AMENIA, NY Northfield Mount Herman School p. 46 Westtown School p. 46 Ojai Valley School p. 54 Williston Northampton School p. 53 914-373-8191

NEW ON WWW St. George’s School CLASSIFIEDS Vancouver, Canada On the AFSA Website Boarding & Day School for Boys www,afsa.org

*Grades 1-12 ^Strong Athletic Programs Classifieds complete with *Boarding Grades 5-12 *‘High-Tech’ Residential hyperlinks direct to your *University Preparatory Building most needed services: *Advanced Placement Courses *Community Service Programs property management, *Outstanding Fine & *World-Class Skiing & Outdoor real estate, attorney, etc. Performing Arts Life

For More Information or Admissions Package, Please Contact:

Mr. W.J. (Bill) McCracken Director of Admissions 4175 West 29th Avenue Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6S 1V6

Tel: (604) 224-1304 Fax: (604) 221-3616 AFSA responding E-mail: [email protected] to your needs web site: www.stgeorges.bc.ca

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 59 MARKETPLACE

PROUD SERVANT Need Auto Parts NOW? The Memoirs of a Career Ambassador

State-Side Auto Supply is your world-wide professional ELLIS O. BRIGGS supplier of auto parts and accessories for all makes and “These memoirs, by a sea¬ models of automobiles manufactured for the U.S. market. soned and highly compe¬ • We will get you the correct part FAST - usually in tent career diplomatist, cov¬ less than 7 days. ering his various involve¬ • If you are not sure of the exact parts, hardware or ments with Latin America accessories you need, call us for assistance and we and his frequent tiffs with his own government, will help you place your order. give an authoritative and amusing picture of the • We accept all Government PO’s as well as personal trials of foreign service life and work around the orders, and we give priority attention to urgendy period of the Second World War.” needed items. — George F. Kennan $45.00 cloth • No order is too large or too small! Available at bookstores or from

State-Side THE KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS Auto Supply P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242 211 Southwest Rd., Canterbury, NH USA 03224 • E-mail: [email protected] 1-800-247-6553 PHONE: 603-783-9361 • FAX: 603-783-0257 Order forms sent on request We accept VISA and MasterCard Call Bob Chisholm today ^ PHONE OR FAX YOUR ORDER 24 HRS. A DAY. 7 DAYS A WEEK

A MONEY CONCEPTS tltiwmtAAt INANCIU rtAWINt NiTWOM Hotel Suites ur.y vTT/xrrrr/ OTTF; 420 North Van Dorn Street Alexandria, Virginia 22304 (703) 370-1000 (800) 368-3339 (703) 751-1467 FAX Everard S. Taylor George A. Grieve E-mail: [email protected]

RENT OUR SUITES AN INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ORGANIZATION THAT $95.95 PROVIDES YOU WITH A PERSONAL, COMPREHEN¬ AND GET FREE: SIVE FINANCIAL PLAN, GEARED TOWARD REACH¬ ING YOUR INDIVIDUAL FINANCIAL GOALS Alamo Rental Car PC Modem In All Rooms Products & services include: For more info, or an appointment: Continental Breakfast Asset Allocation 405 Onondio Circle Mutual Funds* USA TODAY Newspaper Life Insurance Vienna, I/A 22180-5927 Variable Annuities* Tel: (703) 560-2230 Hard Assets Fax: (703) 560-7718 Fully Equipped Kitchens EMAIL: ETAYL0R@MoneyConcepts. com Stocks and Bonds* Exercise Room/Pool Limited Partnerships* or [email protected] Pre-Retirement Planning Happy Hour Portfolio Diversification Minimizing Tax Liabilities Financial Seminars ALL OF THE ABOVE FOR LESS THAN

•Securiiies products markeied through MONEY CONCEPTS CAPITAL CORE.. Member Firm NASD/SIPC 1208 U.S. Highway One THE GSA LODGING PER DIEM DAILY North Palm Beach. FL 33408 (407) 327-0700 v ALLOWANCEIZ FOR WDC! )

60 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 BOOKS

AN FSO’S TALES shop’s hours in a delicate art-historians their demonstrable successes. They hand. ... Above die sign hung a profes¬ also deserve the assurance that col¬ FROM THE NIS sionally lettered orange and yellow plac¬ leagues from odier countries will con¬ ard with a plastic cutout cruise ship and tinue working witii them in sorting out Democracy at Dawn: Notes from palm tree: Coming to Warsaw: the challenges ahead.” Poland and Points East Tangoland, opening this August.” The text of Democracy at Dawn Frederick Quinn, Texas ACM This rare rueful glimpse at the pass¬ has not been carefully proofread. University Press, 1997, hardcover, ing of the old order leavens a book that Readers will have to forgive this $29.95, 250 pages. deals primarily with the brutal realities blemish for the sake of Quinn s tren¬ of the new one. As a member of an chant observations. BY R. T. DAVIES OSCE delegation to die war-tom capi¬ tal of Chechnya shortly after the R. T. Davies is a retired FSO and for¬ Frederick Quinn has produced a Russian Army had captured it in mer ambassador to Poland, valuable record of the transition of the February 1995, Quinn w'as an alert wit¬ New' Independent States from Soviet ness. He does not fall for the equivoca¬ dictatorship to governments which, tions of Russian military officers shep¬ WHAT WERE WE however primitive, may prove to be herding the group. As a good interna¬ stages on the road to democracy. tional civil servant, he tries not to favor FIGHTING FOR? Quinn, a talented waiter and former one side over the other while describ¬ US1A FSO, has captured the look, ing wanton destruction, but it is not smell, and feel of a part of the W'orld possible for him to avoid placing blame now' trying to catch up to the West. on the Moscow government. J. William Fulbright, Vietnam and That regions first acquisitions include Most of die book, diough, deals the Search for a Cold War some of the least admirable features of with the NIS’s new movers and shak¬ Foreign Policy late-20th century capitalist society, ers. Quinn creates good w'ord portraits Randall Bennett Woods, Cambridge which, unfortunately, have combined of the men (who predominate) and University Press, 1998, hardcover with some of the worst lingering traits women trying to govern the new' states. $54.95, paperback $17.95, 293 pages from the Soviet years. He w'as the facilitator for European Quinn, w'ho worked as head of the and American constitutional authori¬ BY ROY A. HARRELL JR. Rule of Law Programs in the Warsaw ties counseling parliamentarians on office of the Organization on Security writing new constitutions. When on his Numerous national insurrections and Cooperation in Europe, has a sharp own, he tried to convince constitution have challenged independent and colo¬ eye for the ironic juxtapositions that diis drafters to apply Quinn’s law: the nial authority in die late 20di century mix produced. In one anecdote, he longer the constitution, the shorter its but none has divided America more recounts a visit to an antique shop spe¬ shelf-life. than the Vietnam War. American cializing in the artifacts of pre-World Summing up his two years, Quinn domestic politics is still riven about what War II Poland. ‘Through the grated writes, “[Mjost of these constitutions the United States should have learned window, I looked into the darkened are liberal, progressive documents, the from its engagement in Vietnam. shop,” he writes. “Nothing but the chair likes of which this part of the globe has No one sought to understand die and table remained ... On die door a not seen before. The constitution lessons of the Vietnam War more than faded hand-lettered sign listed the drafters and judges deserve praise for J. William Fulbright, the scholarly sen-

JUN E l .9 9R/FOR E IC N SERVICE JOURNAL 61 ator from Arkansas who was chairman power to become involved in that war. bias against Fulbright. He goes out of of the Senate Foreign Relations He also believed that better intelli¬ his way to paint the senator as a Committee at the height of its power. gence at the wars outset coupled with wrong-headed extremist. Fulbright argued that the basic policy-makers’ willingness to use that While lecturing at Georgetown premise of American foreign policy in intelligence would have shown that the University in the 1970s, Fulbright said regard to Vietnam was wrong because war could not be won using conven¬ that American policy-makers were so American policy-makers — particular¬ tional military strategies. Finally, he short-sighted that they didn’t recognize ly President Lyndon Johnson and believed that the economics of people’s the danger in conflicts between India Secretary of Defense Robert wars made U.S. intervention futile. and Pakistan, where, he observed, the McNamara — had convinced them¬ /. William Fulbright, Vietnam and United States had more military and selves diat the Vietcong lacked political the Search for a Cold War Foreign economic interests than in Southeast legitimacy. Fulbright, on the other Policy contains excruciating detail Asia. He predicted that if the lessons of hand, came to believe that the Vietnam about Fulbright s education and politi¬ Vietnam were not learned, disputes war was a true peoples war, a conflict cal career, yet fails to mention key between those two countries might engaged in and supported by the issues that concerned him about eventually bring them to test their majority of Vietnam’s people. America’s Vietnam experience. Instead respective nuclear arsenals and involve Fulbright was one of the first to of analysis, Randall Bennett Woods the United States. But readers won’t conclude that the United States was provides readers with little more than a learn about this and other of showing arrogance of power in its pur¬ chronological list of what Sen. Fulbright s prescient contributions to suit of victory in the Vietnam war. He Fulbright did and when. In addition, American foreign policy in this book. believed that the Vietcong were far tlie book, which is an abridgement of more sophisticated than most an earlier work, suffers from a turgid Roy A. Harrell Jr. is a retired FSO who Americans understood and concluded writing style, numerous typographical served in several sub-Saharan nations that it was unwise for such a great errors and from the author’s obvious during his 26-year career. ■

D & M AUTO PARTS 145 WEST JOHN ST. HICKSVILLE, NY 11801 USA (NEW LOCATION) THE PARTS PROFESSIONALS ■ Serving the Diplomatic community since 1972, check your embassy for references. EMBASSY PRODUCTS, SUPPLIES, & LOGISTICS ■ Identifying the correct parts and supplying them when you need them is something EC-ED1 best left to a professional. ■ D & M is a family owned business solely committed to the parts business and dedi¬ G.E. cated to providing the service you deserve. WHIRPOOL ■ We accept all Government PO’s as well as personal orders and pay special attention 110/220V. Office/Computer Products/Supplies, to those urgently needed items. Small/Major Appliances, Transformers/ Line ■ We are here to help so don’t hesitate Adjusters from .5 to 5000 Watts,TV/VCR,Etc. to ask!! WE CARRY Om 100,000 PRODUCTS CONTACT: GARY VLAHOV *(703) 845-8000; FAX:(703) 820-9385 PHONE: 516-822-6662 FAX: 822-5020 INTERNET: [email protected] INTERNET: [email protected] P.O. Box 1929, Falls Church, VA. 22041 Purchase Orders & Major Credit Cards Honored We Consolidate, Pack, 8 Ship World-Wide Visa Mastercard American Express 4NAPA}

62 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE J9.9S MARKETPLACE

Looking for a Great Furnished Apartment That's Close to the State Department in DC?

How Does Four Executive Property Blocks Away Sound? ■ Newly renovated studio and one- Management, Inc. bedroom suites with fully equipped Specializing in Montgomery County kitchens, separate dressing rooms, and plush furnishings. • LEASING,

■ Two-line telephones with voice • MANAGEMENT mail, fax, and modem capabilities. • ACCOUNTING ■ Oversized desk with full SERVICES work surface, ergonomic chair and workstation PENNSYLVANIA 10324 Summit Ave. lighting. IIOUSE Kensington, MD 20895 ■ On-site fitness center, 2424 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Tel (301) 564-0049 Washington, DC 20037 convenience store, hair 202-331-5000 • Fax 202-331-9300 Fax (301) 564-3779 salon, and valet laundry 1-888-ROOMSDC E-mail: [email protected] service. e-mail: [email protected] www.dcsuites.com Ask our owners, they are our references

MCG VOLVO FINANCIAL Factory-Set Discounts To Diplomats Posted Stateside and Abroad PLANNING

U.S., U.K., European, or Overseas Specs Former State Department Employee Overseas and Domestic Deliveries Stationed Overseas Understands Unique Financial Situation of Foreign Service JERRY GRIFFIN DIPLOMATIC SALES SPECIALIST Services Include: 18 YEARS WITH VOLVO Retirement Planning Tax Preparation and Strategies 1231 W. Broad Street Analysis: Insurance and Investments Falls Church, VA 22046 Lump Sum Retirement Options Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area MARY GORNELLA GINN 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 442N (703) 237-5000 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Fax: (703) 237-5028 Phone: (301) 961-8500 Web Site http://www.dbvolvo.com/beyer Fax: (703) 938-2278

SECURITIES OFFERED THROUGH NATHAN & LEWIS SECURITIES, INC., dbDon Beyer Volvo MEMBER NASD & SIPC

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 63 REAL ESTATE

(jxecu/iue Landlord Lifesaver! jSocfjinj 7Uiernaiwes

Interim Accommodations for Corporate and Government Markets

Apartments, Aoevntiouses

Do you As foreign service spouses we have relocated many times throughout our Diplomat lives. Combining this with our 30+ feel like years of real estate experience enables us to successfully serve your you are special needs. We are committed and dedicated to delivering the best . Returning _ service to those of you coming into r er,ies constantly or out of the Washington metro area. to Washington? P °P Contact us at anytime! House Hunting doesn't have to be a Hassle! Work with Anne Gomez ■ 15 YEARS EXPERIENCE coming or Ask us... for ■ KNOWLEDGE OF THE REAL ESTATE MARKET ■ KNOWLEDGE OF YOUR SPECIAL NEEDS going? Lucille Ryan ■ MULTIPLE LISTING 703-821-7908 ext. 326 ■ BUYER BROKER OPTION - or - Write or FAX Anne Gomez for a Free Welcome Kit. Joan Zerolis Diplomat Properties also Specializes in Personalized 703-821-7908 ext. 327 Property Management. Toll Free 1-800-659-0729 Owned and Operated by a Former Fax 703-821-9150 Foreign Service Family E-mail [email protected] Homepage WWW.RIGHTEAM.COM DIPLOMAT PROPERTIES, INC. Averv/\ 3900 N. Fairfax Drive, #204 HessQ REALTOR S' » | Arlington, VA 22203 (Near Virginia Square Metro) 8100 Boone Blvd., Suite 120 Anne Gomez, Broker V V ienna, VA 22182 @ Tysons Corner (703) 522-5900 FAX (703) 525-4713

64 FOREIGN SERVICE JO URNAL/J UNE 199S REAL ESTATE R H Executive Housing Consultants, Inc. PROPERTIES SALES, LEASING & PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

From Nairobi to Yerevan to Los Angeles, Foreign Service officers trust their homes to RHR Properties. ✓ Experienced at meeting the needs of foreign service officers and their families iiilii ✓ Monthly account statements Leasing and Management of ‘Exceptional Properties ✓ Quarterly Inspections in upper Northwest “DC, Chevy Chase, Call today to safeguard your most valued asset !Bethesda, ‘Potomac and McLean with a firm dedicated to providing you with 7315 Wisconsin Avenue the best services available. Suite 603 East Office (301) 654-1400; Fax (301) 654-1426 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 4405 East-West Highway #306 (301) 951-4111 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Fax: (301) 907-7329 E-mail: [email protected] www.executivehousing.com Specializing in Montgomery County and Northwest D.C.

McGrath Sales, Leasing and Property Management Real Estate Services Stuart and Maury Inc. “THE FOREIGN SERVICE SPECIALISTS” Realtors Experienced staff providing personalized • Hands on management for over 35 years! service in Northern Virginia. • We’re not huge, we’re selective, we care! Q ince 1976, McGrath • Personalized guidance for all your ^ Real Estate Services real estate needs! has been successfully representing • 1031 Tax deferred exchange specialists! Foreign Service Officers in every aspect • Monthly computerized statements! of residential management and sales. Call Susan Bader, property management specialist, for more information Call now to discuss how we can help you in the management or sale of your single Office (301) 654-3200 family home, townhome, or condominium. Fax (301) 656-6182 425-B Carlisle Drive Herndon, VA 22070 4833 Bethesda Ave. Phone (703) 709-2264 • Fax (703) 709-5230 Suite 200 Bethesda, MD 20814 E-mail: [email protected] B Excellent references upon request

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 65 REAL ESTATE

( Hnrthrrn 4L Virginia Homes Property Management Division 11094-A Lee Highway, Suite 103 • Fairfax, Virginia 22030 703-934-8801 • Fax 703-934-8802 RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

Visit our web site for detailed information

Unmatched Expertise In Qesidcntial Property MtitmgeinenL http://www.northernvahomes.home.ml.org Dedicated To Protecting Your Investment Pesidenl.ini Property Management Is Our Only Business • Experienced • Licensed • Professional • Insured 2015 Q Street, N.W. • Washington, DC 20009 • Reliable • Competitive Rates Phone: 202.462.7212 • 1,'ax: 202332.0798 E-mail: [email protected] WWW.WM6DC.COM ^__^EMaibnvhprog@mnsincxom^^

EXPERT PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

Houses and Apartments

Property Specialists, Inc. A professional and personal service tailored to meet your needs in: • Property Management • Sales and Rentals • Tax-deferred Exchange • Real Estate Investment Counseling Our staff includes: Gerry Addison .Ioann ilowd Donna Courtney Steve Carey Robert Howd Sally Duerbeck Donna Linton OPPORTUNITY All presently or formerly associated with the Foreign Service. MGMB Inc. Realtors 4600-D Lee Highway Arlington. Virginia 22207 Foxhall Square 202-362-4480 (703) 525-7010 (703) 525-0006 3301 New Mexico Ave., N.W. Fax: 202-363-8954 e-mail: [email protected] Washington, D.C. 20016 E-mail: [email protected] Serving Virginia, Maryland and D.C.

66 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 REAL ESTATE

( ffYto // ta/tc ca/*e New’s the Time! of our /oft'Se (o/t/e If you’re rotating in or out and (oc /'ecjo/ie > thinking about Inlying, selling or rent¬ ing - in Maryland, D.C. or Virginia, ?/oxfour home is your treasure and leaving Start Now! As the spouse of an it for strangers to rent can be frightening. FSO, I know what it’s like moving Not with our worry-free rental & here and there. Call me today, management services. We have 20 years To Hake Your Plans Reality of experience in Northwest DC, Chevy (301) 897-8997 Chase, Bethesda & Potomac. (301) 656-2339 (fax) [email protected] Please call or e-maiL u.i at [email protected] for more detail) and a complimentary brochure. 7832 Wisconsin Ave. Bethesda, MD 20814 viitan COLDUieLL BANKGR PROPERTIES, INC. □ Fay Finver

(202) 244-2730 Expect the best.® L icensed in Md., D.C. and Va.

Coming Home or Going Overseas? ADVERTISING INDEX Automobiles Insurance Chrysler /C4 AFSPA/31 JoAnn Piekney D&M Auto/62 Clements & Co./l Broker-Owner Don Beyer Volvo/63 Hany M. Jannette Int’l/ 41 Martens Volvo/22 Hirshom/4 and team Stateside Auto/60 Unirisc AFSA NEWS p. 10 Volvo 0verseas/C2 Alana Clark Miscellaneous Cindy Cooke Books Export Products/62 Vanessa Hardee, Esq. Amazon.com/14 Net Grocer/28 Sue Malick Ron Daly, PC World Wide Telecom/40 Stacey Griffth Financial MCG Financial Planning/63 Real Estate Money Concepts/60 Aveiy Hess/64 Hello! State Dept. Credit Union/6 Coldwell Banker/67 As a Foreign Service Spouse of 30 years and a licensed Cosmopolitan/67 Realtor of 20 years, I know what moving is all about! JP Housing Diplomat Properties/64 Properties lists and sells houses for Foreign Sendee families Avalon/2 Executive Housing/65 AND provides outstanding PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Bridgestreet/8 Executive Property SERVICES for "worry-free” overseas assignments. Charles E. Smith Corp. Iiving/15 Management/63 In addition, we provide you with legal and tax services. Chase at Bethesda/6 Executive Properties of N.Va./66 J.P. Properties/67 Vanessa Hardee, Esq. and Ron Daly, CPA are members of Columbia Plaza/23 Executive Club Suites/41 Long & Foster/C3 the JP Properties' team and have been working with the Executive Lodging/64 MacEnearney/9 Foreign Service community for years. FARA/23 McGrath/65 Let JP Properties assist you with all your housing needs. Georgetown Suites/39 MGMB/66 WE CARE!!! Oakwood/21 Property Specialists/66 Pennsylvania House/63 RHR Properties/65 CALL, FAX OR E-MAIL US TODAY!!! Remington/12 Stuart & Maury/65 301 Maple Avenue West 4C, Vienna, VA 22180 The Towers/60 Washington Management/66 (703) 938-0909; RAX: (703) 281-9782 The Virginian/22 WJD Property Management/64 E-mail: [email protected]

JUNE 1998/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 67 POSTCARD F ROM ABROAD This Old Stone House

BY JOHNNIE PRATHER

The approach to the Great Co. in die 19tii century, rumors were Zimbabwe National Monu¬ widespread diat a massive stone struc¬ ment, in die southern half of ture lay in ruins somewhere in the die country diat has taken its name, region. Absent any scientific evidence offers no hint diat what lies hidden in of the buildings origins, European its midst is a stellar feat of ancient stone colonists assured die world diat the work. Several yards into the ascent up a structure was the work of some ancient ridge, die only sights are a rocky land¬ non-African civilization. The Great scape and a narrow path baking in die Zimbabwe was said to be the temple of sun. It becomes slowly apparent diat Opliir, cited in die Bible as die source these blocks of granite have been of King Solomons gold. These rumors arranged by a hand other dian nature’s. offered a precedent for foreign pres¬ Walls rise off die hillside, but no mortar ence in die area and justified die holds them in place. They are neidier colonists’ view of indigenous people as straight nor circular. Instead, they fol¬ children needing protection. low the contour of die land, dipping As early as 1905, archaeologists had here and rising diere as they wind dieir collected evidence diat proved the way around the ridge to create a Great Zimbabwe was built by Africans. labyrinth of narrow passages and oddly As die colony matured, dieir views shaped enclosures. slowly gained foothold and by the Bigger dian the Pyramids of Egypt, 1960s most references to die structure die massive stone complex is the largest accurately described its origins. The structure in pre-colonial Africa. Built feet high and 15 feet wide, snake about politics surrounding the Great over a four-hundred-year period start¬ here and there but mostiy diey stay Zimbabwe turned paranoid when ing in die Ildi century and ending in witiiin prescribed boundaries. white-led Rhodesia declared unilateral die 15di century, it is a symbol of But the physical size of the struc¬ independence from Great Britain in endurance. The walls are too whimsical ture pales in comparison to die sym¬ 1965 and all references to its indige¬ to hold roofs or serve as part of a bolic value it holds in todays nation of nous builders were officially censored. defense system. They were built solely Zimbabwe. The English translation of Today school children make field to show off the power of the ruling class. Zimbabwe is sometimes “venerated trips to die ruins. They scamper along The Great Enclosure, which was built houses” or “rulers court.” More often rocky paths and through narrow pas¬ most recendy, takes a giant step toward it is simply “stone houses.” Replacing sages, sure-footed and confident, to conforming to traditional notions of the name Rhodesia witii Zimbabwe see what dieir distant ancestors built. what a building should be. It has a rec¬ must have been sweet indeed for die But is symbolism alone enough to ognizable, elliptical shape and a conical millions of black Africans who strug¬ assure diese children and dieir coun¬ tower. Its walls, which loom up to 33 gled dirough the long war of liberation trymen a prosperous future? Judging to secure majority rule in 1980. The from die likeness of die Great Johnnie Prather is a Washington, name Rhodesia was the legacy of Zimbabwe’s walls on the country’s D.C., freelance writer. The stamp is British empire builder Cecil Rhodes. paper money, die value of which has courtesy of the AAFSW Bookfair Even before Rhodes claimed the taken a dive on the foreign exchange “Stamp Comer." region for die Soudi African Trading market, die nation’s leaders hope so. ■

68 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JUNE 1998 Can We Talk?

0 61 Homes Sold in 1997! 0 $5.6 Million Sold in First 90 days of 1998! 0 Let’s Make it Happen In 1998! 0 Top 10 Company Agents, Washington Capital Area

Zorita and Richard Simunek

ATTN: Simuneks ATTN: Simuneks Long & Foster Long & Foster 5101 Wisconsin Avenue, NW AMONG & 4600 Lee Highway Washington, DC 20016 Arlington, VA 22207 Direct Line: (202) 296-4304 ^FOSTER* Direct Line: (703) 284-9365 Fax: (202) 659-0998 REALTORS® Fax: (202) 659-0998 [email protected]

3^ Unlike much more expensive home buying guides found in book stores, this amazing guide provides FREE FREE information on Washington, Virginia, and Maryland Simunek EXTRAORDINARY lenders, contact forms, home inspectors, community first time home buying programs, interest saving tips, Homebuying Guide PROPERTIES MAGAZINE schools, and much more. With This Coupon 1-800-391-8331 Enter Code 3232 Call today for your comprehensive step-by-step Courtesy of the Simuneks and Dime Mortgage guide As a member of the Diplomatic Corps, you are eligible for special privileges when you order a vehicle through Chrysler's Diplomatic Purchase Program. They include preferred savings; fast, personalized ordering assistance; and uncompromising service with Chrysler's worry-free worldwide warranty. Perquisites appropriate to your office. Choose from the full line of 1998 Chrysler Corporation products: Chrysler, Plymouth, and Dodge cars and minivans, and Jeep and Dodge trucks. Phone for personalized service. Your Personal Advisor will order the model, color, and equipment you want and quote the official Diplomatic price, including all applicable rebates. Your Personal Advisor can also arrange delivery anywhere in the U.S. or to most overseas locations. We simply set you free of tedious details. If you prefer, just fill out and mail or telefax the card on Page 11. You will quickly receive a catalogue for the vehicle(s) of your choice. The Diplomatic Purchase Program. It is the easy, money-saving way to start enjoying Chrysler's many advantages. © CHRYSLER niPI OMATIPQAI FQ IN THE U.S., PHONE YOUR PERSONAL ADVISOR AT 1-800-877-7083 OR (516) 496-1806. 11 IVI r\ I I \^> OnLLO TELEFAX: (516) 677-3701 E-MAIL TO: [email protected] Jeep is a registered trademark of Chrysler Corporation