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COVER FEATURE

Focus ON TERRORISM IN TIIEIR OWN WRITE / 39 This year’s roundup of books written by Foreign Service 19 / EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION authors includes novels, memoirs, an encyclopedia and By Steven Alan Honley even a guide on how to incorporate feng shui principles 20 / FS PERSONNEL RECALL SEPT. 11 (PART II) into diplomatic negotiations. More overseas AFSA members share their experiences of By Leslie Hoffecker the events of Sept. 11 and their aftermath. COLUMNS

26 / THE TALIBAN-BIN LADEN- PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 ISI CONNECTION Duty And Danger How did Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaida followers By John K. Naland manage to take over an entire country as a base for their deadly operations? The answer lies in the long-standing SPEAKING OUT / 15 ties binding him to Afghanistan’s Taliban rulers and A New Marshall Plan Pakistan’s intelligence agency. For Central Asia By Amie Schifferdecker By Lori Handrahan

31 / KILLING IN THE NAME OF GOD: POSTCARD FROM ABROAD / 80 BIN LADEN AND RADICAL ISLAM China’s Dog Days An authority on the psychology of terrorists explains that By Steven Knipp Page 26 the Sept. 11 hijackers were, in fact, psychologically “normal.” And precisely for that reason, they pose a far DEPARTMENTS greater threat than past terrorist organizations. LETTERS/6 By Jerrold M. Post, M.D. CLIPPINGS / 12 BOOKS / 45 34 / WHY DO THEY HATE US? INDEX TO ADVERTISERS / 78 Here is one possible answer to a question many Americans have been asking ever since the events of Sept. 11. SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT By Lori Handrahan LOOKING FOR A GOOD SCHOOL ABROAD? / 49 Find a school with high educational standards that also 36 / THE POLITICS OF EXORCISING DEMONS provides students interaction with the local culture. The Bush administration would be well advised to narrow By Pia Schou Nielsen its definition of terrorism from a global menace to a focus on the perpetrators of the Sept. 11 attacks. SCHOOLS AT A GLANCE / 55 By William H. Lewis Essential data on educational choices.

Cover and inside illustrations by Jim Tsinganos

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Editor Editorial Board monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit organization. Material appearing here¬ STEVEN ALAN HONLEY CAROLINE MEIRS, in represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of the Journal, the Editorial Managing Editor LESLIE HOFFECKER CHAIRMAN Board or AFSA. Writer queries and submissions are invited, preferably by e-mail. Journal subscription: AFSA Associate Editor LISA BRODEY Members - $9.50 included in annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign air¬ CAROLINE BENNER Ad & Circulation Manager WES CARRINGTON mail, $36 per year. Periodical postage paid at Manchester, N.H., and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: ED MlLTENBERGER ELIZABETH SPIRO CLARK AFSA News Editor Send address changes to Foreign Service Journal, 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Indexed SHAWN DORMAN MAUREEN S. DUGAN by Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos Art Director JOHN DWYER CARYN J. SUKO or illustrations. Advertising inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the Market Development CAROL A. GIACOMO SUE PARTAKE endorsement of the services or goods offered. FAX: (202) .338-8244 or (202) 338-6820. E-MAIL: [email protected]. EDWARD MARKS Editorial Intern WEB: www.afsa.org. TELEPHONE: (202) 338-4045. © American Foreign Service Association, 2001. Printed GRIER MARTIN ARNOLD SCHIFFERDECKER Advertising Interns in the U.S.A. Send address changes to AFSA Membership, 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037- HOLLIS SUMMERS TANYA TRENZ, “RACHEL” YU DING, 2990. Printed on 50 percent recycled paper, of which 10 percent is post-consumer waste. "JINNA” WU JING WILLIAM WANLUND

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4 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 PRESIDENT’S VIEWS Duty and Danger

BY JOHN K NALAND

Te s t i fy i n g posts have been staffed for decades before Congress in Working under in the face of clear and present dan¬ late October, Sec¬ gers. However, risk management retary of State die threat of only works if it is a dynamic process Colin Powell prai¬ international that adjusts appropriately to new sed die work of for¬ threats. eign affairs profes¬ terrorism has been The State Departments record sionals in die war part of our job here is not perfect. At the start of die against international terrorism: Persian Gulf War in 1990, the “Let me express my admiration description since department refused to issue protec¬ for the men and women of the State long before tive masks to our employees in Saudi Department, and the other civilian Arabia despite the clear danger of agencies of the United States gov¬ Sept. 11, 2001. chemical or biological attack. The ernment, who are serving in mis¬ unstated reason was to avoid alarm¬ sions all around die world, some¬ ing local oil workers who were keep¬ times in great danger, sometimes at job description since long before ing oil flowing to the U.S. (Ironically, the risk of their lives. They are Sept. 11, 2001. The AFSA Memorial the oil companies made their own doing a terrific job, and I know that Plaque located in die lobby of the judgments and quickly issued their you share my admiration and pride Truman Building honors 196 workers protective masks.) in the men and women of our diplo¬ Americans who gave their lives in the We sincerely hope that such past matic service.” line of duty while serving abroad in errors are not repeated. Towards Addressing the dangers posed by foreign affairs. Nearly half of those that end, AFSA has been in close this war, Secretary Powell told names have been added just since contact with management concern¬ employees at an Oct. 30 Town Hall 1973. The majority of those recent ing safety and health issues from the meeting at the Truman Building: additions were killed by terrorists. start of the current crisis. We have “We are committed to your safety, To cite just two examples: In not been shy to make our views just as we are committed to perform¬ February 1979, Ambassador Adolph known, as we did in urging the State ing the mission that we have to S. (Spike) Dubs, a career FSO, was Department to reverse its initial accomplish for the American people. kidnapped and murdered in Kabul decision to test only its mailrooms for We will always keep diose two factors by guerrillas opposed to the Afghan anthrax contamination. We have also in mind and in balance and be com¬ government. Osama bin Laden him¬ stressed to management their need mitted to both of diem, performing self, of course, was responsible for to keep employees fully informed of our mission but, at the same time, the August 1998 bombings of our emerging safety and health issues. doing it in a way that is safe.” embassies in Nairobi and Dar Es As long as management fulfills its Balancing duty and danger is not a Salaam that took the lives of 224 obligations to its employees, we will, new concept to die Foreign Service. Americans, Kenyans and Tanzanians as Secretary Powell asked us to do at Working under the threat of interna¬ and injured over 5,000 people. the Oct. 30 Town Hall meeting, tional terrorism has been part of our Since it is impossible for us to “show diat we are functioning, that avoid all risk and still accomplish our we can get through this problem, John K. Naland is the president of the mission, we must practice risk man¬ that we are not going to overreact to American Foreign Service Association. agement. For example, danger-pay the challenge before us.” ■

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 5 LETTERS

Hazardous Road to Reform vision of where U.S. foreign policy great interest to scholars in the Hats off to Dennis Jett for his should be headed. Nonetheless, Mediterranean area and many more forthright article on “Why State Is some of those early views were out of your readers, I was left wondering Not Reformable” (Speaking Out, of sync with the administration and if the FSJ is now competing with FSJ, November). While I may not he had to backtrack, only to see Foreign Affairs and Foreign Policy agree with everything he writes, cer¬ some of his views now coming into and other journals. I thought we tainly State’s past history is not force as the result of the reality of were a house organ. encouraging. However, Jett has been various events. C. Patrick Quinlan too glib in his generalizations and The interaction between the FSO, retired has not given enough credit to the implementation of foreign policy Edina, Minn, genuinely altruistic work of many — and the management of State has if not most — State employees. always been a hazardous road to Derek’s Candles Recent secretaries of State have maneuver. We should now ask In the days and weeks following warmly expressed undying fealty to whether Secretary Powell will be Sep. 11, many stories have emerged the Department of State as soon as able to maintain and enlarge his as “larger-than-life.” Seldom do we they take up their duties. Yet we interest in both the management of hear about the smaller acts that, have witnessed them gradually brush State and the welfare of its employ¬ while no less important, seem to be aside reform issues as they become ees in the face of major competing swallowed up by the overwhelming consumed with (legitimate) pressing pressures, such as Sept. 11. tragedy. world issues. As a result, State’s Gilbert H. Sheinbaum Derek Stottlemyer is the son of needs are addressed by others who FSO, retired Kelly and Jeff Stottlemyer (Jeff is have not been given adequate Vienna, Va, RSO in Freetown). Shortly after the authority or encouragement to Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, 12-year old resolve major problems like financial Remember All Victims Derek, together with his younger and staffing shortfalls. While I fully support the thoughts brother Kurt and a friend, printed Colin Powell got off to a superb expressed in “New York City and up 150 flyers asking everyone in start at State, despite a few early pol¬ Washington, D.C., Sept. 11, 2001. " their Seattle neighborhood to light a icy conflicts with others in the in Octobers Foreign Service Journal, candle and say a prayer for the vic¬ administration. His statements and I believe it would have been more tims. They distributed the flyers actions demonstrated a preliminary inclusive had your caption made ref¬ throughout their neighborhoods. erence to those who perished in the That evening there were candles in The Foreign Service Journal hijacked plane which crashed in everyone’s windows. welcomes your signed letters to the western Pennsylvania. Someone passed one of the flyers editor. Please send letters via e-mail to Michael Zak on to the principal of Derek’s school, [email protected]; fax to (202) 338- FSO, retired who in turn forwarded it to the local 8244; or mail to the Journal, 2101 E Annandale, Va. newspaper. The report of Derek’s act St., NW, Washington, DC., 20037. of compassion was picked up by the Letters, which are subject to editing, Keep It In-House major television news station in should include full name, title and Although the contributors to your Seattle, which played part of an post, address and daytime telephone October edition wrote veiy scholarly interview' with Derek on the evening number. ! essays which were undoubtedly of news.

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DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 7 LETTERS 1 & 2 Bedroom Apartment Homes

1 Month to Derek had not waited to hear that Remembering Mansfield Extended Leases on people in other parts of the country I had the privilege of serving as were doing similar things, but had public affairs counselor to Furnished Apartments acted based on his own thoughts and Ambassador Mansfield at Embassy Unfurnished -12 Month emotions, I was uplifted by this Tokyo from 1984-1988. He and his story, which shows the kind of ideals late wife Maureen were unhesitat¬ Leases that can be instilled in todays chil¬ ingly cordial and kind and caring. dren by caring and loving parents. The Mike Mansfield style was a mix¬ 2 Convenient Locations: Joan Szabados ture of patience and informality. Ambassador’s Office Visitors to his office, no matter their Management Specialist status, were treated to a cup of cof¬ Embassy Freetoivn fee prepared by the ambassador himself. At daily staff meetings, he JPark Red Flag Plates puffed on his pipe and listened The Journal has addressed con¬ closely as each section head offered . Center cerns about parking security at the an update on bilateral issues of the Apartments department and other buildings in moment. Such updates were con¬ Washington. I would like to add that cise, because Mansfield wanted the 2701 Park Center Drive we also have a parking problem here crux of the matter: he already knew Alexandria, VA 22302 in Berlin. Many embassy employees die context. When delegations came 888-372-8798 or 703 379-2000 drive to tire Underground (metro) sta¬ to the embassy — whether congres¬ e-mail: [email protected] tions and have to park near the sta¬ sional, state governors, media, mili¬ tions. We all have license plates clear¬ tary, or students — Mansfield ly identifying us as embassy personnel. enjoyed briefing tiiem on the U.S.- A queiy to the RSO here brought Japan relationship, “the most impor¬ the reply that we are considered a tant in the world, bar none.” Not The low-threat post and nothing needs to only did he keep himself well- be done about that. Should we really informed on bilateral matters, he Commons be considered a low-threat post, given had a gift for making them compre¬ of that we are a short drive from hensible not only to those who McLean Hamburg, which is considered a base served him, but also to both the 11653 Anderson Road for terrorists? I believe tiiat there are Japanese and American publics. McLean, VA 22102 officers in the department who are The Mansfields chose not to have 888-236-3144 or 703 356-0500 not taking this threat seriously. a television receiver at the resi¬ dence. So when the 1984 presiden¬ SPECIAL SERVICES AVAILABLE: In Paris several years ago, we were tial election debate between Ronald • Maid Service given two sets of plates, one identify¬ ing us as embassy personnel, and one Reagan and Walter Mondale was • Public & Private Transportation telecast, Mike came over to my • Dry Cleaning Services typical French plate. I installed a fast apartment to watch it. Throughout • On-site Shopping clip on both plates and was able to change them if I was required to go the debate, characteristically, the • Fitness Facility On-site or into a sector that wasn’t considered ambassador said not a word until it Gym Membership was over. Then he said, “Thanks, • Convenient Location secure. It is time to stop putting a tar¬ get on all our embassy personnel and Jack,” and returned to his office. Of get them local country plates. course, Mondale would eventually “Managed with Pride” staff Thanks for die excellent job you be Mansfield’s successor. and your staff are doing. We in die Jack FI. Shellenberger field need all the attention we can get. FSO, retired Ralph McGee President, The Japan- Gates, Hudson U.S. Army retired, and America Student

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8 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN Ah! DEC EM B ER 2001 LETTERS

Shultz on Mansfield world out there, but not all the news During his tenure at State, is bad. Secretary George Shultz spoke Ernest A. Nagy many times to visiting groups being FSO, retired briefed in the Dean Acheson audito¬ Washington, D.C. Mercedes-Benz rium. His explanation of his and the department’s role in foreign policy Vanguard or Rearguard? began from time to time with this I must protest the tone, spirit and vignette about Mike Mansfield upon intent of Dale Slaght’s recent Iris appointment as ambassador to “Speaking Out” against accommo- Diplomacy Japan. dadng the unmarried partners of Secretary Shultz told the visitors gays and lesbians in the Foreign that he had a large globe in his Service (FSJ, September). He has its office. When newly appointed asserts that further extension of ambassadors called upon him, he rights to gays, lesbians and their would direct the appointee over to partners would run “counter to the rewards. the globe and say, “You have one dominant values and sentiments of final test to pass before becoming the American people.” Slaght uses At American Service Center, your ambassador. I want to be sure you religion as a hammer with which to diplomatic or official passport* know where you are going. Which is drive down the expansion of rights will allow you to purchase a new your country?” granted to same-sex partners of When asked that question, employees. Mercedes-Benz at dramatic Mansfield walked over to die globe I would draw the reader’s atten¬ savings. Contact Erik Granholm, and placed his hand on the United tion to the Taliban. They don’t allow our Diplomat and Tourist Sales States. “This is my country,” he women to work, attend school or, in Manager. A native of Munich, replied. some cases, even leave their homes. I always thought drat was a subtle Any argument women mount Germany, Erik has been way of describing to visitors whom against this is no doubt condemned with ASC for 35 years. the Foreign Service and the State by the Islamic clerics who control Department work for. large swaths of Afghanistan as * Applies only while on official business George High “counter to the dominant values and or diplomatic assignment. FSO, retired sentiments of the vast majority of Vienna, Va. the Afghani people.” In drawing a line between church Hungarian Friends and state, Slaght (quoting Sen. Joseph /xmencan Budapest was my first post, Lieberman, D-Conn.) argues we have where I served as consul during die gone far beyond what die framers Service Center grim Stalinist years 1952-1956 and ever imagined. I don’t presume to Mercedes. Just Mercedes. where I met and married my wife. know what die framers did or did not Not long ago, on Oct. 5, my wife and imagine, but would observe that sep¬ 585 N. Glebe Road, 1 attended a folk music concert at arate means separate. the Hungarian embassy. This must be so bodi for the pro¬ Arlington, VA 22203 At the opening of the evening, tection of religious beliefs from zeal¬ the audience sang “God Bless ous political factions (as in Nazi 703.525.2100 America.” Then a woman stood and Germany), and for the protection of sang “God Bless America” in society from religious fanatics who Telefax: 703.284.2482 Hungarian! We never imagined we would castigate and punish citizens would live to witness such an event who are perceived to have strayed Mobile: 703.405.4018 in the Hungarian embassy. We were from the True Path (as in present- www.justmercedes.com both greatly moved. day Afghanistan). It’s a brave and perilous new There is an initiative underfoot to

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 9 LETTERS pOREIGN§EIMCE

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DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 11 CLIPPINGS

A SURPRISING SOURCE side. Some of the villagers come into the tailor shop of Jandad, one of the series’ FOR SURVIVAL SKILLS most popular characters, where diey tell You could call it “As Their World him diat there are rumors of attacks, a Chums,” or perhaps “The Cold and the coming war. They say they must flee for Pitiful.” But unlike American soap operas, safety, but don’t know where to go. where only the limits of imagination rein Siddiqi described the episode as a in often outlandish plots, this drama is “story about sudden movement, about firmly based in reality — and it’s helping people leaving Brings behind, about deci¬ tire people of Afghanistan survive. sions based on minors.” He wants people “American business Its real title is New Home, New Life, to think rationally; pulling up stakes en and — as Joshuah Bearman reports in masse, he noted, is often more dangerous executives and the Oct. 5-11 LA Weekly — it’s the most than staying put. American diploma Is popular show on Afghanistan’s only mass In addition, “there’s also the problem proudly serve on the medium, radio. Produced in Pakistan (so of people sheltering in ruined buildings, the Taliban can’t shut it down) and where there are often still mines. So we front lines around broadcast by the British Broadcasting show the consequences of diese things by the world, promoting Corporation, New Home, New Life has having our characters make those lands of American ideas and been on the air since 1994, and more than mistakes first.” The characters of New 70 percent of Afghanistan’s population Home, New Life confront the many dan¬ transnutting tunes in each week. Its reach is such that gers of a refugee crisis: looting, psycholog¬ American values. when a popular character was “killed” sev¬ ical distress, illness and deadi. There’s In the eyes of some, eral years ago, there were public displays even a pregnant woman who, after walk¬ of mourning. ing for days, gives birth on the road, with that makes us a Set in three rural villages and an urban no medical attention. target. In the eyes area, New Home, New Life — like all good The 15-minute shows, each with sever¬ of most, that makes soap operas — mingles entertainment al story lines, air three times a week on the with life lessons: how to avoid land mines; BBC’s Persian service in Dari (die Afghan us a testament to the where to get medical care; how to resolve dialect of Persian) and on die BBC’s success that conflict. And when Afghans began fleeing Pashto service (the language of democracy and their homes and heading toward the bor¬ Afghanistan’s Pashtun plurality). To reach ders with Iran and Pakistan in anticipation die several million Afghan refugees in economic opportunity • of the U.S. military campaign against the Pakistan, die BBC rebroadcasts die show bring. ” Taliban, the show addressed a new topic: on the Pashto sendee of Radio Pakistan. how to survive as a refugee. The task of introducing a new plot “If people leave their homes, we want involving refugees and social crisis was not — SECRETARY or them to think about tilings like food, water foreign to die show’s writers and actors; STATE COLIN POWELL, and shelter,” said Shirazuddin Siddiqi, the during the 1990s, many of them were show’s producer. “So we bring this up in refugees themselves. On Sept. 19, Siddiqi IN HEMAUKS TO U.S. the experiences of the characters and our wrote a memo to his staff: “We have left Ill SI NESS EXECUTIVES, story line.” our villages and have taken refuge in ruins OCT. 22. 2001 In one hastily rewritten segment, widiout thinking about land mines. We broadcast in early October, people are have taken shelter in isolated places. We streaming into the city from the country¬ have seen pregnant women walking long

12 FOREIGN SERVICE J O V RN AU DEC E M B E R 2001 CLIPPINGS

distances, suffering miscarriage and often administration in the field of arms control. dying. We have had [the] nightmares.” But, the authors say, they are integral to And, he noted, the show has a “vital role to the campaign to stop the spread of play in [die] emergency. People are anx¬ weapons of mass destruction not only to ious about their lives. They need us now rogue nations, but also to non-state actors more than ever.” such as Osama bin Ladens al-Qaida ter¬ rorist network. U.S. rejection of these ini¬ tiatives will hurt attempts to control the MULTILATERALISM spread of terrorism and will also jeopar¬ YEARS AGO dize the willingness of other countries to AND ARMS CONTROL cooperate witii the United States in future In the October issue of Arms Control international crises. Today, Lawrence J. Korb and Alex Tiersky “The anti-terror coalition being assem¬ “I know of only one of the Council on Foreign Relations exam¬ bled by the administration is a perfect workable approach to ine the effects of the Sept. 11 attacks on opportunity to regain the trust of those obtain the confidence U.S. involvement in arms control treaties. who feared American disengagement and cooperation of While the Bush administration initially from the world,” Korb and Tiersky write. any people, and that is showed signs of embracing a unilateral The advantages of a multilateral approach to recognize them as approach to foreign relations, die need to to foreign relations are becoming more engage in more cooperative agreements and more obvious, and attempts to form Good Neighbors — has rapidly become apparent. The article new coalitions in response to terrorism not patronize them as cites the administrations “torpedoing five suggest that the Bush administration real¬ Poor Relations. We treaties on everything from global warm¬ izes this. must make our ing to die international criminal court to approaches with our the global small arms trade,” in its first few hearts and minds mondis, alienating allies and suggesting BEYOND SEPT. 11: right. And only those that the United States was not interested CREATING A NEW ERA who can see Good in any sort of relationship that would com¬ Neighbors in native promise its freedom of action. The Sept. 11 terrorist attacks may help Now diat the threat of terrorism has usher in the “post-post-Cold War era” by populations with defi¬ awakened the country to the fact that “we creating an opportunity for a fundamental¬ nite, proud cultures of are not immune to attack,” as the ly changed relationship between their own should President stated in his Sept. 20 address to Washington and both Moscow and Beijing, undertake to work Congress, the United States appears to writes Ralph A. Cossa, president of the with them.” have changed its stance. “The best course Center for Strategic and International — FRANK PINDER, for a safer, more secure United States lies Studies’ Pacific Forum, in the October in the president returning to multilateral issue of Comparative Connections, the “POINT FOUR: treaties and otiier forms of action taken in Forums quarterly newsletter. concert with the rest of the world,” Korb The area where the greatest change is A NEW NAME EOR and Tiersky write. possible, Cossa asserts, is in relations AN OLD JOB, " FSJ. The anti-ballistic missile treaty, the between the U.S. and Russia. Vladimir comprehensive test ban treaty and the bio¬ Putin was the first to call President Bush DECEMBER 1951 logical weapons convention are cited on a to pledge his support. Russian actions list of initiatives undermined by the Bush went beyond atmospherics. Immediately

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 13 CLIPPINGS

after the attack, U.S. military forces world¬ republics to allow U.S. military forces to wide were placed on high alert. During the use bases there. “Terrorism has Cold War, Moscow would have responded Washington and Beijing have also been in kind. Instead Putin ordered Russian given a common objective upon which to become the troops to stand down so as not to add to build greater strategic cooperation; fighting systematic international tensions, a decision he per¬ international terrorism is one area where sonally relayed to Bush. As Bush later U.S. and Chinese strategic objectives clear¬ weapon of a observed, “It was a moment where it clear¬ ly overlap, given Chinas serious concerns war that knows ly said to me that [Putin] understands the about terrorism (in part supported by Cold War is over.” To demonstrate his Osama bin Laden) in its western regions. no borders understanding, Bush added Putin to the Cossa points out that China also con¬ or seldom has list of close allies he called immediately demned the attacks and acknowledged the prior to the military operations against appropriateness of a military response, pro¬ a face. ” Afghanistan. vided it was directed at those proven to be Since then, Cossa says, Putin has agreed guilty, avoided civilian casualties (always a to share intelligence with Washington and U.S. objective), and was preceded by “con¬ — JACQUES CHIRAC, to open Russian airspace to U.S. humani¬ sultations” with the United Nations. While TO THE U.N. GENERAL tarian and support flights; he even raised Washington was likely not thrilled to have the prospect of Russian search and rescue President Jiang Zemin calling other U.N. ASSEMBLY, 19 SS support for U.S. combat operations, while Security Council members to reinforce increasing Moscow’s support to anti- these preconditions, Cossa says, they were Taliban forces. Most significantly, Putin not particularly onerous and China did in asked the fonner Soviet Central Asian fact endorse the attacks when they came. ■

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14 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN AL/DEC EM B ER 2001 SPEAKING OUT A Marshall Plan for Central Asia

BY LORI HANDRAHAN

For some time after experien¬ The Precedent cing the horrors of Sept. 11, Hypocrisy on Devised by Gen. George C. 2001, America, and much of Marshall when he was secretary of the world, seemed temporarily the part of State under President Truman, the stunned. This mourning period has Marshall Plan represented a real provided an opportunity for our ini¬ international innovation in postwar foreign policy tial rage, shock, grief, and fear to donors will only practice. On June 5, 1947, Marshall merge into feelings of patriotism, serve to create a used his speech accepting an hon¬ unity, and resolve that we, as human orary degree from Harvard as an beings, will not allow Sept. 11 to younger generation opportunity to unveil a new approach threaten our way of life, our values, of men who will to European reconstruction. our country, our world. He began by emphasizing that While a military response is neces¬ rage against the policy was not directed at any sary, it is not might alone that will win doctrine or country but “against this war on terrorism and protect America. hunger, poverty, desperation, and our freedoms. To ensure that our chaos.” As he put it, “Its purpose American way of life remains a should be the revival of a working vibrant example for the rest of the economy, so as to permit the emer¬ world, we must now envision and gence of political and social condi¬ design a plan for post-conflict tions in which free institutions can Central Asia — Afghanistan along for successful development, the exist.” The plan was not to be “piece¬ with neighboring Tajikistan, Marshall Plan (formally known as meal, as various crises develop, [but Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, the Economic Cooperation rather] should provide a cure rather Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan — Administration) that helped than a mere palliative.” similar to the only post-conflict rebuild Western Europe after Marshall made clear that any gov¬ plan that provided a foundation World War II. ernment opposed to political and While Stalin was able to single- economic reform could not expect handedly keep Eastern European American aid. Furthermore, “gov¬ Lori M. Handrahan, Ph.D., an inter¬ states from participating in the ernments, political parties, or groups national development expert with a Marshall Plan, thereby greatly delay¬ which seek to perpetuate human focus on Central Asia, is an adjunct ing those countries’ economic misery will encounter the opposition faculty member at the School for revival, today we are only con¬ of the United States.” Finally, he International Service at American strained by our own lack of initiative argued that Europeans must take University. She is the founder and in critically assessing and imple¬ joint responsibility for creation of an director of the Finvola Group menting progressive, effective, and economic and political recovery (ivwiv.finvola.com), a human rights ethical developmental practices. plan, with the U.S. providing consultancy supporting gender, civil The principles of the Marshall Plan, “friendly aid” and support. society and education issues in devel¬ combined with “lessons learned” in On April 2, 1948, Congress oping nations. Her book on development assistance practices passed the Economic Cooperation American’s aid policy in Kyrgyzstan, since 1947, must form the basis for Act authorizing the Marshall Plan Gendering Ethnicity, ivill be pub¬ “good” development in postwar and President Truman signed the lished by Routledge this winter. Central Asia. bill into law the next day.

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 15 SPEAKING OUT

need to ensure that it is used for Insufficiently monitored that purpose. Claiming it is our responsibility to give, but not to and controlled financial monitor, the disbursed funds is ludicrous and can only lead to fur¬ assistance stymies ther instability. Second, one way to avoid money development and and power-hoarding is to ensure that both donors and recipients represent aggravates fighting. society at large. This means ensuring that post-conflict rebuilding on behalf of international donors and new national leaders is not a boys- only club. Women represent more A New Marshall Plan than half of the population and yet, All of these key elements of the as we witnessed in Kosovo and else¬ original plan, listed above, are essen¬ where, are often ignored during the tial foundations for any American rebuilding phase. No development Enjoy your stay. assistance to postwar Central Asia. plan that excludes half of the popula¬ Just don’t forget In addition to these tried and true tion can claim legitimacy or success. principles, such a plan should Contrary to popular belief, women to go home. include the following elements in in these societies do not willingly order to be effective: play “traditional,” subservient roles. Nobody could blame you for First, the plan must include an The Revolutionary Association of the getting a little too comfortable at effective and strict mechanism for Women of Afghanistan, a political Residence Inn? After all, it’s financial oversight of the foreign organization of Afghan women Marriott’s flagship all-suite hotel. assistance that is already pouring struggling for peace, freedom, To learn more or make a into the region. If we have learned democracy and womens rights in reservation, visit residenceinn.com Afghanistan, is only one example of or call 800-331-3131. anything from the Clinton adminis¬ tration’s disbursement of post-Cold powerful female leadership in the War funds to Russia and the coun¬ region. We must not allow “cultural” tries of the former Soviet Union, it excuses to rule out full and equal is that insufficiently monitored and participation for all members of the controlled financial assistance does society. If we will not tolerate ethnic not help development objectives exclusion, why should we allow gen¬ nor ease regional tensions. In fact, der exclusion? Room to work, room to relax, it actually stymies development Third, again drawing on lessons room to breathef" and aggravates fighting because it learned from Kosovo, the behavior ensures that “warlords” gain and of the international donors who Residence Inn FairLakes consolidate power through control arrive “to help” in a post-conflict sit¬ 12815 Fair Lakes Parkway Fairfax, VA 22033 of large amounts of incoming uation matters. Any behavior on 703-266-4900 financial assistance. The resulting behalf of the international popula¬ corruption, in turn, generates tion, from military to humanitarian Residence Inn Herndon/Reston 315 Elden Street hatred for Americans and other workers, that does not reflect a com¬ Herndon, VA 20170 donors who are, rightly, perceived mitment to international law and 703-435-0044 by the local population to be sup¬ norms — i.e., trafficking in women, Residence Inn Fairfax/Merrifield porting thugs, criminals and other engaging in prostitution, corruption, 8125 Gatehouse Road elements of society who flourish rape, etc., as we have seen in Kosovo Falls Church, VA 22042 703-573-5200 during conflicts. If we want our and elsewhere — should not be tol¬ money to be a positive influence erated. We earn the hatred that is for development and peace, we directed at us by the way our repre-

16 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 SPEAKING OUT Help for Seniors IVLciy Be Just

No development plan a Phone Cull Awuy- The Senior Living Foundation Resource Center that excludes half of the may be able to help you or someone you know find information and resources for: population can claim ■ Home Health Care legitimacy or success. SlF ■ Adult Day Care and Respite Care ■ Transportation to Medical Appointments A time of service, ■ Medicare/Medicaid Eligibility sentatives act in “the field.” An a time of need. ■ Friendly Visitor Calls ombudsman, with the authority and resources to investigate anonymous For more information, please call the complainants, must be appointed SENIOR LIVING FOUNDATION OF THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE and given sufficient resources and 1716 N ST., NW - WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036-2902 authority to ensure that our repre¬ (202) 887-8170 sentatives reflect the best, not the E MAIL: afspa @ afspa.org - WEB SITE: www.afspa.org worst, of America and all that we ❖Financial Assistance may be available. value. SPONSORED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION Fourth, when dealing with lead¬ ers in the region who have been helpful during the conflict situation, such as Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Pakistan, we must not forsake our commitment to human rights and democratic principles. If we com¬ promise these away for short-term strategic gains, we will lose any long-term advantage in stemming the tide of terrorism or in promot¬ ing healthy development. These populations are generally savvy and well informed. Hypocrisy on the part of international donors will only serve to create a younger gen¬ Comfortable eration of men who will rage against Fully furnished one, America, create instability and hin¬ two or three bedroom der development. Certainly, in the apartments to your Convenient case of Uzbekistan, any concessions specifications. Cost Effective Locations all around to this brutal authoritarian regime All linens, towels, Washinton, D.C., will not promote regional stability kitchenware and other Far less expensive than Northern Virginia and or lay the ground for a solid post¬ amenities provided. most hotels or suites. Maryland. conflict Marshall Plan. One phone call and Fifth, we need to give the plan a we do all the work NTTA name and a leader. Part of the suc¬ Toll free: (877) 234-5005 cess of the Marshall Plan, which all Phone: (301)495-8927 NATIONAL TEMPORARY email: [email protected] post-conflict development endeav¬ APARTMENTS, LLC ors have lacked since, was the orga¬ nization and clear objective that 12301 Old Columbia Pike Suite 305 Silver Spring, MD 20904 resulted from having one visible

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 17 J S i E A K i ,v G OUT

leader in charge. In other words, we International Criminal Court, with need a Marshall to go along with a the intent of bringing Osama bin Central Asia Marshall Plan. But not What is certain is that Laden and his conspirators before just any Marshall — someone with this court. The ICC was envisioned high visibility, who possesses a solid the current “war on to handle precisely this type of knowledge of the region, and a crime. Crimes against humanity, demonstrated commitment to the terrorism” must include crimes of aggression and war principles of human rights and good crimes all fall under the ICC’s juris¬ development. Someone that the precise designs for diction. Crimes against humanity average person in Central Asia are defined in Article 7(1), “as part could trust to represent their inter¬ improving the way the of a widespread or systematic ests. Someone who could gain wide attack directed against any civilian popularity, not only with leaders, international community population.” There is no better but with NGOs and average citizens description of the events of Sept. alike. While it is not readily evident administers post-cotiflict 11. A global campaign for authen¬ who this might be, we need to start tic international justice, adminis¬ the recruitment process now. development. tered by the ICC, would represent a united commitment to the ride of Fighting For Justice law, justice, due process, and Finally, the plan must reinforce coalition involved in “fighting ter¬ democratic methods of dealing the American value of justice over rorism” must insist on ratification with terror. American ratification revenge. To do so, the international of the Rome Statute of the of the ICC would send a clear sig¬ nal to the world community that we will fight terror with justice. These ideas represent only a beginning. However, what is cer¬ tain is that the current “war on ter¬ rorism” must include innovative and precise designs for improving the way the international commu¬ nity administers post-conflict development. We will certainly win the military battle but can we win the war? With the exception of the Marshall Plan, we have yet to get it FARA right in the post-conflict develop¬ Foreign Affairs Recreation Association ment phase. And it is here that we FARA Housing Division, must not fail. Managed by ECMC The people of Central Asia have 610 Bashford Lane, Alexandria, VA 22314 suffered enough. They deserve Ph: (703) 684-1825 Fax: (703) 739-9318 solid and effective follow-through. American taxpayers deserve effec¬ We are proud to provide the best hotel values in the Washington, DC tive use of their hard-earned metropolitan area! You can choose from properties offering studios, money. Thus, it is essential that we one bedroom, 2-bedroom apartments, suites & hotel rooms. now organize the creation of an Our locations have unique proximity to FSI, State Department, the effective post-conflict development Pentagon, NFATC, National Airport, Old Town , Alexandria, plan — not only for the sake of White House and Georgetown those in Central Asia, but also for all Americans. For more information call for features and rates of participating FARA hotels. Our future security, and theirs, both depend upon it. ■

18 FOREIGN SERVICE ] OV RN AL! DEC EM BER 2001 Focus ON TERRORISM

REFLECTIONS ON SEPT. 11: EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION

he horrific events of Sept. 11, 2001, ning to kill thousands of T and their aftermath fundamentally people even at the cost of defy analysis, producing endless ques¬ their own lives. Yet as Dr.

tions without satisfactory answers. Jerrold Post, an expert on

How could it happen? Who could hate die psychological profile

us so much? What do we do now? Yet in the conviction that of terrorists, explains, they

it is essential to make the effort, this issue of the Journal (as were, in fact, psychologi¬

did last months) offers a variety of perspectives on the attacks cally “normal,” and diere-

and their implications for U.S. diplomacy. fore pose a far greater threat dian previous terrorists.

Shortly after Sept. 11, we asked AFSA representatives to Lori Handrahan offers one answer to a question many

share local experiences and reactions with us. Several of their Americans have been asking ever since die events of

moving responses appeared in the November issue and we Sept. 11: "Why do diey hate us?’ She has also contributed a

are proud to share tire rest this month. “Speaking Out” column to diis issue (p. 15) advocating die

Most Americans were only too happy to put Afghanistan establishment of a new “Marshall Plan” for Central Asia fol¬

out of their minds once the Soviet Union withdrew die last of lowing the war.

its troops 12 years ago. But as Amie Schifferdecker recounts, William Levis concludes our coverage by warning diat

the connections between certain elements in Pakistan and die long-standing American tendency to “demonize” our

Afghanistan and Osama bin Laden drat began to form dur¬ enemies, while particularly understandable in the present

ing that war would eventually help pave the way for die Sept. instance, may not be die best approach to winning die war on

11 attacks. (The same author has also contributed a book terrorism.

review essay highlighting several recent volumes on terror¬ A final note: Just as die war itself seems likely to be pro¬

ism, which you’ll find later in die issue.) tracted, it (and the events that precipitated it), will continue

Soon after the bloodshed of Sept. 11, we made the chill¬ to be a recurring theme in die Journal’s pages in die months

ing discovery that the 19 hijackers had lived among us for to come. We dierefore invite your thoughts, commentaries years, studying and working like millions of other immigrants and analysis on that score (please send them to

and visitors to our coi intry — all the while methodically plan¬ [email protected]). — Steven Alan Honley, Editor

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 19 Focus ON TERRORISM

AFSA MEMBERS RECALL SEPT. 11 (PART II)

OVERSEAS AFSA MEMBERS SHARE THEIR EXPERIENCES OF THE EVENTS OF SEPT. 11 AND THEIR AFTERMATH.

Editor’s Note: Last month, we presented some of the thoughtful and moving responses to our call for AFSA On Thursday morning, Sept. 13, I took the members in the field to share their reactions to the hor¬ Metroliner from Washington to New York for the rific events of Sept. 11. Here are more of their replies. monthly meeting of the Mine Action Support Group. I Again, our thanks to all FS personnel who took the time walked from Penn Station at W. 33rd Street to the in the midst of their grief, fear and heightened workloads Netherlands Mission on E. 45th Street, several blocks to share their experiences. —Steven Alan Honley from the U.N. Having grown up in northern New Jersey, I am used to seeing a vibrant New York, with rushing people, hurrying cars and the usual sounds of cities everywhere — honking horns, occasional sirens I was in Boston on R&R on Sept. 11. I returned to — and the kind of rambunctious demeanor of the aver¬ work in Vilnius on Monday, Sept. 17. It was difficult age New Yorker: obvious self-confidence, a unique per¬ getting back; the trip took 25 hours. Lithuania’s presi¬ spective on life and an irreverent sense of humor where dent, Valdus Adamkus, was in America for government laughter often comes at somebody else s expense. meetings, accompanied by our ambassador, John Tefft. On Sept. 13, New York was very different. There All meetings were cancelled, of course, and special were no smiles, but there was a cast to faces that con¬ consideration was given to President Adamkus for an veyed a sense of loss — almost confusion — that you early flight home. usually don’t see in the Big Apple. In some faces, anger There was a brief service held outside the embassy was almost palpable. Walking past people with darker on Friday, Sept. 14, with three minutes of silence. skin or an appearance of foreign origin — call it what Hundreds of Lithuanians came, leaving beautiful flow¬ you will — I could feel their discomfort as they won¬ ers and burning candles in glass containers. The flow¬ dered what thoughts ran through the minds of anyone ers were still there when I returned on the 17th, and who gave them more than a quick glance. New York’s the sight of them brought tears to my eyes. I have treasured (most of the time) diversity now defined a received calls from most of my working-level contacts, different set of lines — a “for us or against us” standard. expressing sincere condolences. To walk from the West Side to the East Side, you Morale is low. Officers and FSNs occasionally give have to cross all the famous avenues that many know in to crying spells, and we comfort each other. Today is best from musicals or movies: the Garment District’s Sept. 20, and I still see people crying. And not only the Seventh Avenue, the Avenue of the Americas, women! The embassy nurse speaks a lot about the need Broadway (Fifth) Avenue and Third. Before Tuesday, for grief counseling. It is definitely not “business as when one looked down all those avenues, the Twin usual” here. Towers provided two exclamation points at the business Linda Eichblatt end of Manhattan. On Thursday, only a plume of gray- Consul, Embassy Vilnius white smoke drifted across the island’s southern tip. As

20 FOREIGN SERVICE ] OU RN Ah/DEC EMB ER 2001 Focus

I crossed each avenue, I checked the south, just to be sure those towers really were gone — to confirm that On Tuesday, Sept. 11, I woke up sick at 6:05 a.m. those great symbols of New York’s, and Americas, Shortly after I asked my husband to wake me back up dynamism really stood no more. at 8:00 so I could notify my supervisor I wouldn’t be At the meeting there were deeply felt expressions of coming in, he woke me saying “Turn on the TV for the condolences for us — for all of us — as we tried to deal news!” In my groggy state, I propped up my pillows and with this unspeakable assault upon structures that watched in horror. I heard the reports of a “fire” at the expressed to the world so much about America. Those Pentagon. I left a message on my supervisor’s exten¬ buildings stood so close to the Statue of Liberty — our sion, then passed a lousy day alternating between greatest symbol — that it almost seemed Mark watching the news and sleeping fitfully. McGwire could reach her from the World Trade One of my sisters phoned me, then other relatives. Center, if he got just the right pitch. The family grapevine contacted our relatives in the On the day of the terror, I learned not too long after Bronx to make sure they were all right. At 4:35 p.m., the towers came down like some kind of volcano in my supervisor called me back and told me to come in reverse that my nephew — newly employed and not Thursday morning (not the next day). long-married — had escaped from the north tower On Thursday, I wore black out of respect and drove minutes before it collapsed. On the phone with my sis¬ to work. When I got there, one immediate difference ter at the moment the first plane hit, he said: “Oh, my was the marked security car (not manned) in the God, there’s been an explosion. I’ve gotta get out of underground parking garage loading zone. Our build¬ here.” He had heard what he thought was a missile, ing lobby had additional uniformed and plainclothes then the explosion. He was on the 37th floor, 53 floors police/security guards. There was more security on our below where the plane hit. Now, a week later, he is still main reception floor. On the street, there were City of trying to cope with what happened to him. Vancouver sawhorses preventing vehicles from parking He reached a stairwell crammed with people. As he in front of, beside, and behind the building. (We’re on and they scrambled to get out, they had to keep to the the end of a narrow block so we have a street on three right because the firefighters and rescue crews were on sides of the consulate.) their way up. One grabbed him by the arm, took him I had mixed feelings about the mounds of flowers, through a door to another stairwell, speeding his (and letters, and candles that began appearing at the side of others’) exit from the building. It took, he thinks, an the consulate. The sheer size of the mounds brought hour to make it down to the ground. The doomed fire¬ home the magnitude of the event, saddening me, but fighters continued to stream into the building, yelling one letter offered hope by stating that her father on the to those leaving to look straight ahead, run and get as 105th floor had survived. far away as possible. Not long after he escaped, the We talked a lot at work, which helped. Applicants still north tower came down. want to talk. My cousin’s children don’t want her to go to Walking back to Penn Station, I again looked to the work in her office tower. They beg her to stay home. south — still no towers, still the smoke. I remembered “Six degrees of separation” has a whole new mean¬ seeing the World Trade Center, before the birth of the ing now. It’s hard to find someone who doesn’t have a two towers, when all that existed of this great project friend or relative affected by this tragedy. My condo¬ were the two chasms dug into the earth that would lences to you and yours. house their enormous foundations. And I wondered Maria A.D. Evans how New York — where “if you can make it there, you Foreign Service National can make it anywhere” — can ever be the same as it U.S. Consulate Vancouver was before Sept. 11, 2001. Dave Rabadan Office of Global Humanitarian Demining Although we have never felt further from home than Washington, D.C. over the past two weeks, if I had to experience these

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 21 Focus

tragedies in any other country, we “Six degrees of separation” were from Americans who had am thankful to have been in the actually received the terrible news United Kingdom. Like a mother has a whole new meaning — one of their immediate family who grieves at the pain of her members had been at the World child, the United Kingdom has now. It’s hard to find Trade Center that morning, and truly mourned for and witii the was missing. They were desperate United States, and tried to provide someone who doesn’t have a to get back to New York, to identi¬ relief in any way possible. fy tire body of their spouse, dreir As international air travel friend or relative affected sibling, their child, to mourn widr ground to a halt and the saturation dreir family. But, with all dre air¬ level media coverage began by this tragedy. ports in the U.S. closed, they were broadcasting the plight of strand¬ stuck in London. We needed to ed Americans, the calls poured in. work with the airlines to secure The Consular Command Center was opened and field¬ these people seats on the first plane leaving London for ed 250 calls an hour for the next four days. New York, whenever drat might be. Contacts were made Over 1,100 private British citizens called offering to with several airlines and, although all gave general open their homes to their American cousins. “I can drive promises of help, two offered consistent and reliable out to the airport and pick someone up.” “I would be assistance. As the heightened security regulations were happy to pay for a taxi so they could get to my house.” “I agreed upon and implemented, we met our group of only have a one-bedroom flat. But I can sleep on the sofa, “compassionate travellers” at the airport. Sitting widr and someone can have my bed.” One lady even called them in tire lounge, waiting. Checking in to a flight. back the next day; she wanted to help in any way that she Cancelled. Would another flight go? Checked in for could, and was disappointed that we had not placed a another flight. They’ve boarded. They are buckling their American in her home. seat belts. The door has been closed. Wheels up! A Several hundred Britons called to offer assistance in weight is lifted from tire shoulders of the consular offi¬ their relevant specialty — firefighters, demolitions cers. experts, medical personnel, grief counselors, people will¬ Everyone remembers when Princess Diana died and ing to dig in the debris with their bare hands. One call people spontaneously began leaving flowers outside her came from an 85-year-old woman. “I don’t have much to Kensington Palace home. But, who would have drought give. But you can have a pint of my blood. It may be old that tire events of Sept. 11 would provoke a similar reac¬ blood, but its good blood.” Another caller was a 10-year- tion? Air unstructured, informal memorial sprang up on a old girl who, in her small 10-year-old voice, explained, “I traffic island in front of Embassy London within hours of am an American living in London, but I want to help. My tire attacks. Bouquets of flowers, looking forlorn as tire mom and dad said I could call you. Please, can you tell traffic swirled around, guarded by burning candles. me what I can to do help?” The innocence and sincerity As the emotion exploding from the British people in her voice broke through the barrier I had erected became apparent, we knew something more formal around my heart, mid I could not answer. A piano tuner must be organized. The park in front of the Embassy called several times to offer his services. “The collapse of was quickly converted into a memorial, particularly fit¬ the buildings will have put all the pianos in Manhattan ting since the centerpiece of the park is a large statue out of tune. I know how much my piano comforts me. I of FDR, in remembrance of America’s assistance to the want to help the people of Manhattan find comfort in U.K. during World War II. Walking around the memo¬ their music.” A contortionist offered, “I can squeeze into rial, people of that generation remembered: “They very small places and would be happy to help the rescue used to give us chewing gum.” “And chocolate bars.” workers find people in the rubble.” Thursday morning the park opened, ready to receive Among the calls we received, from people asking us the grieving. Two condolence books had been set out how they could find out whether then- families and and a large space cleared where flowers could be laid. friends had survived, from those offering help, several It soon became apparent that even this was not enough

22 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 Focus

to express the feelings of the British, not to mention the engine. The card had a P.S., “There is candy in the back emotions of tire expat Americans in the U.K. Additional of the truck. I hope it makes you feel better.” For those condolence books were created and another tent erected. unable to come into London, an electronic condolence When all was said and done, after 11 days and over book was established. The heavy traffic nearly crashed 50,000 visitors, the memorial closed and the condolence the server, as nearly 21,000 people expressed their grief books — grown to several thousand pages — were pre¬ through the Internet. As I stood outside the tent which sented to the ambassador [see pages 24-25 for some housed the condolence books one Sunday afternoon, I entries]. Many had traveled for hours, coming to London saw men and women from every walk of life, crying with¬ for the sole purpose of conveying their condolences. out shame at tire horrific events that have changed our They came bearing flowers, cards of sympathy, candles to world. light in memory, donations for the relief efforts. At the ceremony marking the closing of the memorial On tire first day, Consul General Torn Furey was in one speaker explained, “I stand before you, not as the the park when an elderly British gentleman approached professional head of the Foreign and Commonwealth him. “You work at the embassy, right?” he was asked. Office, and not as tire fonner British ambassador to the “Come with nre, I want you to read my card.” Torn fol¬ United States. I stand before you today as a family friend. lowed tire man to where he had laid his flowers — My daughters grew up in the United States. They played “Today, we are all Americans.” Children brought cards, along the Potonrac, and pledged allegiance to the Starrs pictures, and toys. Large teddy bears to comfort the chil¬ and Stripes every morning in school.” dren mourning a parent. Dolls to help a parent remem¬ Consular Staff ber a child. One young boy brought a large red fire Embassy London

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Grosvenor Square demonstration in 1967. You cared Cards Sent to Embassy London for our daughter when she went to America to work. • I opened the card. I recognized the return address We would like to now give you such a large hug. God — it was a very underprivileged section of London. At love and care for you all. home, we would call it “The Projects.” Coins spilled • To all Police Officers and other Emergency from the envelope and, as I read the card, tears spilled Service Crew: You died doing your job. Your bravery down my face. “We are 10 years old. We asked our is a light in this tragedy. You did more than your duty parents what we could do to help the people suffering expected. The world is proud of your courage. The in America, and they said we could donate money. We thoughts of your English colleagues are with you. •only had a few pounds in our piggy banks, so we went • To Shanksville, Washington, and the Biggest around to all the neighbors and collected money from Apple of them all, Britain is with you. them too. I hope it can help.” • It is raining today. I imagine they are the tears • The card appeared to be written with a frail of heaven, which meld with mine and remind me of hand; the handwriting reminded me of my grand¬ my heart’s sorrow. mother. “During the war, I remember how the • Our thoughts in Kenya are your thoughts. We Americans would send us packages, packages of have gone through it all. We know the pain and the sweets for the children. Please take this money and hopelessness. Please kindly accept that we are with buy sweets for the children of America.” you. We cannot accept the brutalization of humanity; • “My daughter is 5 years old. Today she won a otherwise, life becomes nothing. We shall be with you contest at school and was awarded 10 pounds. After to the end. she arrived home and told me the news, we began dis¬ • There will never be enough words to express my cussing what she could use the money for. I suggested grief at this horrific thing, nor enough thanks to give a new toy, a book, a pretty hat. She sat very quietly lis¬ the heroes who gave all they had. The best and worst tening, but then said, ’Today in school we had three of human nature revealed together. minutes of silence for the people killed in America. I • Words cannot begin to describe what you have want to send my money to them.’” gone through. A whole new language would have to be written just so it could make sense to mankind. Why? is the biggest question. And to the cowards Condolence Book Entries who hide behind Islam — Goddamn you — I am at Embassy London: Muslim and what you bastards did is so wrong that Kids God, Allah, will burn you for eternity, for that was not • My prayer for America is that I hope everyone is an act of jihad. I only hope that the great people of now safe and I hope that dark hour will never happen America will come back stronger, greater, with more again. solidarity. • Dear America, I do not like the people who • There are not enough flowers to lay down to killed your friends. God bless you always. show my sympathy. There are not enough grains of • I’m so sad. God bless. sand to show my sorrow for America. And there are • I wish Superman could have saved you. (6 years not enough drops of water in this whole wide world to old) show my anger at these so-called religious extremists. • I wish the people were all alive. (8 years old) However, there is enough love in the world to make this right. Adults: • My feet are in London. • A story I wish I’d never had to report. My heart is in NYC. — Ted Koppel My tears are everywhere. • We want to send our love and sympathies to you. • May we rise above this tragedy and reaffirm the Our fathers fought alongside you during the war. My common bonds of liberty, brotherhood and peace. husband looked after your embassy during the • In their hour of extremity, New Yorkers exhibit-

24 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN Ah! DEC EM B ER 2001 Focus

ed beauty, selflessness and deter¬ There are no words — barbaric evil. mination. They are an example to • With my deepest regret and us all. only prayers.” sorrow — there will be no way to • It is difficult to say anything forget this terrible day and the meaningful at a time of such — Canadian High Commissioner tears will never dry. tragedy. But I think the words of • The best testament to the Thomas Paine before independence mean more now spirit of America is right outside this tent. Across the than ever: “The cause of America is the cause of ocean people are wordlessly gathering, giving their time, mankind itself.” attention, and deepest love to eveiyone affected in NYC. • Shock, sorrow, disbelief and heartfelt sympathy to • To our friends over the pond who paid so dearly our American friends and allies. And be sure of at least for freedom for us all. one thing: namely, the fact that we go forward into a diffi¬ • There but for the grace of God go we. cult and dangerous future, shoulder to shoulder, certain of To our brothers and sisters in EMS the justice of our cause and of ultimate victory, whatever [Emergency Medical Services]: Rest in Peace. the price, because die alternative is chaos and barbarism. — London Ambulance Service We have been here, together, before. • My deepest sympathy and heartfelt prayers go to • May you, the American people, draw comfort all the families and friends of those killed in this very and strength from your belief in freedom and justice senseless act. Thank you from those here in Britain to cope with the evil and to assert your right and duty who are standing side by side with America in the to eradicate this terror for yourself and humanity. world s hour of need. • I would gladly give my strength, my blood and • You helped us, now we must help you. my life if it could do any good. Not being able to do • Please, God, let something good come of this anything, being safely across an ocean, pains me enormous pain; deeper understanding of our values, greatly. May God have mercy on us all. striving together in compassion. God bless us all. • America, as envisioned by the founding fathers • You have been so kind to me. I cannot understand like Benjamin Franklin, is a place, a beacon of liberty, why such a thing should happen to a nation of such opportunity, peace, humanity, justice. Nothing — no warm and special people. Our thoughts and prayers acts of cowardice — can change that. are with you now. • [As Edmund Burke observed:] All that must hap¬ • I hope and pray that the American people get the pen for evil to triumph is for good men and women of opportunity to see these books and to know how much the world to do nothing. the people of Europe held you in our thoughts and • If there can be any comfort to those who have prayers. Having been blessed enough to have visited suffered and who continue to suffer — I hope it is in your country, I’ve never encountered anything but wel¬ knowing how deeply so many of your friends feel and comes and hospitality. You are a nation of pioneers. I share the terrible grief. We have all been attacked — hope you can find it in your hearts to move on from this our values, our way of life — and we share the convic¬ tragedy and continue to be the great nation that you tion that this scourge of terrorism must be opposed. are. May God Bless America. • My deepest condolence and sympathy to the people • There are no words — only prayers. of America. The helpless and silent majority of Afghans — Canadian High Commissioner are all on your side. — An Afghan resident in U.K. • To our very dear friends, the Americans: Deepest • To all the American citizens: My heart is breaking sympathy. Your loss is our loss. We are all Americans for you. But be strong in the knowledge that good will today. Thank God your country and the democratic overcome evil, and love will overcome hatred. Sept. values we share are strong enough to survive even this. 11, 2001, will never, ever be forgotten. It is the day the • May God and goodness reign supreme. What evil world became one, against terrorism. can quench the spirit of true brotherhood and free¬ Consular Staff dom? May all good people of the world unite against Embassy London ■

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 25 Focus ON TERRORISM

THE TAMPAN-BIN LADEN- ISI CONNECTION

How DID OSAMA BIN LADEN AND HIS FOLLOWERS TAKE OVER AN ENTIRE COUNTRY? THE ANSWER LIES IN HIS TIES

WITH THE TALIBAN AND PAKISTAN’S INTELLIGENCE AGENCY.

BY ARNIE SCHIFFERDECKER

. n the fallout from the Sept. 11 attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Osama bin Laden has become a household name, as have his protectors, Afghanistan’s Taliban. A diird force gaining notoriety is the Talibans mentor and sometime collaborator with bin Laden: Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate. Sweeping into Kabul in 1996, the fundamentalist Taliban militia had significant help from the ISI and Pakistani religious parties. Other Afghan factions were ousted from the capital as unreliable allies. The Taliban quickly banned TV as “un- Islamic,” outlawed music cassettes, beard-trimming and card games, closed most schools, forced women to wear a head- to-toe enveloping garment (chadri) and forbade them to work outside the home. Soon a new exodus of refugees surged into Pakistan and Iran.

26 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN AL/DEC E M B E R 2001 Focus

Given bin Ladens base of opera¬ I saw that two-thirds of a male family member escort, or to tions, it was surprising that none of forcibly close shops during the call to the suicidal terrorist-hijackers who the beautiful city I had prayer and herd their keepers to tire attacked New York and Washington mosque. Kabul still had small num¬ was Afghan. How did bin Laden and lived and worked in bers of Shi’a Muslims, distinct from his al-Qaida followers manage to the dominant Sunni Islam of the hijack a whole country as a base for 25 years earlier as an Taliban, and a few non-Muslim their deadly operations? The “how” is Hindu merchants and money¬ not difficult to trace. It is the “why” FSO had been totally changers. In short order, tire Taliban drat haunts us. What prompted those shut down Shi’a mosques, banning terrorists to attack and kill nearly destroyed. their distinctive liturgy and prac¬ 4,000 innocent Americans and for¬ tices, then turned to harassing eigners, including more than 300 Afghan Hindus, taking over their Muslims, in the attacks on the U.S? And why did the businesses and forcing them to wear a distinctive mark on Taliban and Pakistan support them? their clothing, much as the Nazis had done to identify Jews in prewar Europe. And this was only the beginning Life Under the Taliban of their version of the Talibans ideal Islamic state. Arriving in Kabul in 1997 as an advisor to the United I soon met tire leaders of the Taliban “government,” Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan, I saw how the both in Kabul and in Kandahar, the seat of the Supreme Taliban, who had come to power a year earlier on promis¬ Shura (council) 300 miles to tire south, led by Emir es to end the Afghan civil war, had by then imposed their Mullah Onrar. Unfortunately, despite their professed reli¬ draconian rules on a cowed populace. Who were these gious devotion, the Pushtun Taliban leaders showed little mosdy young fighters who had come from villages in interest in governing, taking care of people or rebuilding southern Afghanistan and religious schools (Talib = reli¬ their country’s public services. They left to the U.N. and gious student; plural, Taliban) across the border in international charitable organizations the tasks of provid¬ Pakistan? ing food and medical care to indigent Afghans, rebuilding First, I was shocked at the sheer devastation. Two- housing and the dangerous work of removing more than tirirds of the beautiful city I had lived and worked in 25 10 million anti-personnel mines left by the departing years earlier as an FSO was totally destroyed. Think of the Russian troops. images of die Berlin landscape after World War II — that It was soon obvious to me and my UNSMA colleagues was most of Kabul. The house I had lived in while that while tire Taliban claimed to be seeking only their assigned to the U.S. embassy was still standing but was no version of peace, they were uninterested in a ceasefire or longer a home; now it was occupied by the Taliban intel¬ negotiations. In three negotiating sessions chaired by ligence bureau (Istihbarat). Schools were closed and beg¬ UNSMA among the warring Afghan factions in 1997-98, gars, including young children and a few women — actu¬ tire Taliban made clear they would stop fighting only ally war widows — waited outside stores to plead for coins when they had conquered all of the country — and forced from passers-by. That was also new. the surrender of tire non-Pushtun ethnic groups under The city was under the iron rule of the Taliban’s reli¬ tire opposition Northern Alliance. gious police, who seemed to think their main job was to Not so clear at the time was tire Taliban’s involvement beat women daring to venture from their homes without in another mission. Everyone knew that tire militia’s lead¬ Amie Schifferdecker is a retired FSO who served as a ers in the Pushtun-dominated south were maintaining political officer in Kabid, Lahore, Tel Aviv, Istanbul, close contact with Pakistani intelligence operatives, some Rabat and Washington. He returned to Kabul in 1997-98 of whom had resided for long periods in Afghanistan. as an advisor to the United Nations Special Mission in Despite regular Pakistani denials that they had created or Afghanistan, A member of the Journals Editorial Board, were supporting tire Taliban militarily, sightings were he is currently a consultant with the Department of State common of arms, ammunition and vehicles moving from in Washington, D.C. Pakistan across the porous common border to Taliban

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 27 Focus

strongholds. So-called volunteers from Pakistani govern¬ shrines in Mecca and Medina. It was those bin Laden ment sponsored religious schools (madrasas) provided a camps tiiat the U.S. hit with cruise missiles in 1998, in an steady stream of Taliban manpower — in some cases, effort to destroy the Saudi radical and Iris terrorist allies cannon fodder — for the battles raging in the north dur¬ after diey had been finked to the bombings of U.S. ing the summer dry season. Even uniformed Pakistani embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Unfortunately, the military trainers were seen in Afghanistan, particularly at camps were virtually empty when the missiles hit, Rishkor, a military base outside Kabul. Opposition although a dozen Pakistani nationals were killed. Northern Alliance commanders frequently paraded cap¬ Traveling frequentiy on the U.N. flight to Kandahar, tured young Pakistani — and sometimes Arab—prison¬ my colleagues and I sometimes noted Taliban fighters ers for visitors, holding them for periodic prisoner waiting for transport to the war front in tire north via exchanges arranged by the International Red Cross. Kandahar International Airport (built, incidentally, by tire U.S.). But the fighters were not always young Pushtun An Unholy Trinity recruits. Among them were non-Afghans, presumably Ties between Pushtun commanders and Pakistani ISI Arab nationals in Afghan dress. Usually non-Afghans operatives had continued without a break since the around Kandahar tended to stay away from public areas departure of Soviet troops in 1989. With the rise of the where they might be spotted by foreigners. But occasion¬ Taliban in 1994, these links included contacts with scores ally we noticed small groups of two or tiiree Arabs near of Arabs and other Muslim nationals who had either Taliban headquarters while we waited to meet with tiieir remained in Afghanistan after helping their Afghan leaders. Only later did we realize these probably were brothers defeat the Russians, or returned from abroad members of Osama bin Ladens Arab Brigade. when civil war broke out among the Afghans after 1992. In hindsight, these arrangements among the Taliban, Among those returning was Saudi millionaire Osama bin Pakistan and bin Laden were a perfect fit: tire ISI was Laden, who had fought against the Russians and gener¬ using its Afghan connection to wage a Pakistani guerrilla ously helped finance the holy war (jihad) out of his own war in Kashmir against India. In return, the Taliban personal fortune. In 1996 he returned to Afghanistan gained volunteers from Pakistani madrassas, as well as from Sudan, forced to leave that country under U.S. pres¬ weapons and ammunition, in their quest to extend their sure. The motivations for, these ongoing connections obscurantist Islamic beliefs over all of Afghanistan. And among the Taliban, ISI and bin Laden made for an inter¬ bin Ladens al-Qaida network had quietly gained a base to esting case of “I scratch your back if you scratch mine”— train its forces for cowardly attacks against peaceful civil¬ or, as I prefer to view it, an “unholy trinity.” ians in my country: a deadly collaboration, meticulously By 1996, small Arab groups in Afghanistan had linked planned and executed with elegant timing and simplicity. up with the warring Taliban, cemented ties widi Pakistani religious radicals, particularly groups associated with the Why Did They Do It? Jamiat-e-ulema-Islam, a political party closely allied with Even more than knowing how terrorists, in the name tire ISI. The purpose for Pakistan was to unleash an upris¬ of Islam (which means peaceful surrender) can stage a ing against Indian-occupied Kashmir, long contested by suicidal attack against innocent Americans, we need to the two subcontinent rivals. Guerrillas for Kashmir were understand why. This is a much more difficult challenge recruited from the same talent pool of JUI seminaries and simplistic explanations will not suffice. supplying young fighters for the Taliban against the We know there are more than 1.2 billion Muslims in Northern Alliance. tlie world and tiiat Islam is the worlds fastest-growing To avoid Indian detection, the ISI conducted much of religion. Islamic scholar Karen Armstrong notes tiiat tlie training for its Kashmir campaign in Afghanistan, when Islam rose in the Arabian peninsula in the 7th cen¬ with the cooperation of the Taliban. In turn, several tury A.D., the area was in the midst of vicious intertribal camps were placed under bin Ladens control for the use warfare. The Prophet Mohammed had to survive several of the terrorist network he was creating for Iris own longer assassination attempts and wage a long war to do it, but term goals: to force the United States out of the Middle he eventually brought complete order and peace (salaam) East, in particular Saudi Arabia, home of the Islamic to war-tom Arabia.

28 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 Focus

Despite the revelation of the Ties between Pushtun U.S. Policy in the Spotlight Koran to Mohammed in the context Over die past weeks, moderate of conflict, its many passages about commanders and Pakistani Muslims have spoken out strongly warfare are balanced by exhortations against die terrorism of Osama bin to Muslims to be peaceful whenever ISI operatives continued Laden and his network. Afghans dri¬ possible. Extremists like Osama bin ven out of their country now living Laden are fond of quoting Koranic after the departure of abroad have joined other moderate injunctions like “slay enemies wher¬ Muslims in condemning the bin ever you find them.” But according to Soviet troops in 1989. Laden attacks as un-Islamic, criminal Armstrong, such a reading is highly acts. So how, we wonder, could 19 selective. Warlike verses are always young men — most from privileged balanced by peaceful prescriptions, such as “If they let you or middle-class backgrounds — be recruited and willingly be and do not make war on you and offer you peace, God duped into a suicidal mass murder plot on the scale of the does not allow you to harm them.” She concludes that the World Trade Center and Pentagon bombings? Some have weight of the Koran allows war only in self-defense. blamed it on envy of the U.S., feelings of helplessness in The primary meaning of “jihad,” usually translated as their own corrupt societies, or to “arrogance” attributed to holy war, is “struggle.” In an article for Time Asia, American foreign policy. None of these seem to be satis¬ Armstrong quotes dre Prophet as telling his comrades as factory explanations for the murderous Sept. II attacks. they go home from battle that they are “returning from Still, one aspect of American foreign policy likely the lesser jihad to the greater jihad; i.e., the more urgent played a key role in clinching the decision of extremists to task of removing evil from ones own heart and die larger take action against us: U.S. policy in the Arab-Israeli con¬ society. Muslim scholars frequently point out the latter as flict. It should be noted that there is no proof, other than the primary meaning of “jihad”— a struggle against ones bin Laden propaganda, that U.S. support for Israel played own sinful nature. There are similar concepts in a role in the attacks on New York and Washington. After Christianity and Judaism. all, U.S. administrations since Carter have successfully So how to explain Arab suicide bombings in Israel or mediated Israels pullbacks from the Sinai, and partial the bin Laden-inspired suicidal hijackings and massacres withdrawals from Gaza and the West Bank. As a result of of innocent civilians in New York and Washington? U.S. efforts, Egypt and Jordan have signed peace agree¬ Islamic scholars agree that acts of suicide are not sanc¬ ments with Israel while odier moderate Arab and Muslim tioned or endorsed by the Koran, whatever bin Ladens nations have developed trade and other normal ties. fanatics may claim. Moreover, these experts maintain tiiat Yet a number of militant or conservative Arab states, the killing of innocents violates specific Islamic precepts. such as Iraq, Syria and Saudi Arabia, have refrained from i In seeking to explain die enmity against the U.S., normalizing relations with Israel. On die contrary, vicious some observers point to the rise of secularism and liber¬ anti-Israel (and anti-U.S.) propaganda continues to pour alism, which has aroused extremists in Christianity and from many independent as well as government-controlled Judaism as well as Islam to drastic actions. Arab media outiets in those countries. Egypt, which has Fundamentalists in each of these religions have turned to diplomatic relations wfth Israel, regularly allows its con¬ violent means to express disapproval of liberal trends, or trolled press organs to attack Israeli policies, particularly of acts they do not condone. Note, for example, the bomb¬ in die occupied Palestinian territories. Careful study of ing of hospitals that provide legal abortions in the U.S. these attacks shows increasing anti-American sentiment. Extremists may imagine they are fighting a batde for sur¬ America is blamed for failing to condemn Israel for expan¬ vival and feel justified in ignoring the more compassionate sion of Jewish settlements on die West Bank, Gaza and principles of their faith. Armstrong notes diat in their die Golan Heights. Israels use of American military search for decisive action, religious extremists selectively equipment and ammunition against Palestinian street zero in on a single passage in dieir scriptures to justify protesters — often fatally — is widely reported tiirough- aggressive actions, ignoring the broader humanist context out the Muslim world, resulting in close identification of and traditions of their religion. U.S. policy with the Sharon government.

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 29 Focus

The Bush administration has become the target of religion. While tiiere were scattered celebrations in die Arab and Islamic opprobrium for failing to continue its Islamic world, most Muslims abhorred the hijackers’ predecessor’s role as Arab-Israeli mediator — and thus, actions and publicly deplored the loss of innocents from by extension, tacitly approving Israel’s continued settle¬ dozens of countries, which included many Muslims. ments and military occupation of Palestinian land. In our anger, Americans justifiably seek revenge for While Israel blames Palestinian Authority leader Arafat the terrible wrong committed against us. A surge of for failing to stop attacks on Israelis in Jerusalem and patriotism not seen since World War II supports the the West Bank, Arab media cite “cruel, unjust Israeli strongest possible military responses and preventive actions,” including the lolling of stone-throwing chil¬ measures. Yet while there can be no moral equivalency dren, the blockading of Palestinian villages and harass¬ between suicide attacks and the possible underlying ment by militant Jewish settlers plunked down in the grievances of die attackers, we need to realize that ter¬ midst of Palestinian territory. rorism does not occur in a vacuum. If we can take the If the fault for diis deplorable situation is debatable time to listen to moderate Muslims and friendly gov¬ between Israel’s Sharon and the PLO’s Arafat, for the ernments around the world, we might find ways to neu¬ Muslim world there is no question: Israel, supported by tralize the terrorists without firing another shot or com¬ die U.S., is die aggressor. And in the Muslim mind, most promising our principles. Moreover, in the wake of the of the responsibility lies with its supporter, which hap¬ Sept. II terror, we should encourage the worldwide pens to be a superpower. community of Muslim believers (Umma), to search It would be a serious error to oversimplify the causes their hearts and minds for reasons why, in the name of of the Sept. 11 attacks. Equally, it would be wrong to see a religion that professes peace, a group could so brutal¬ Osama bin Laden as an audientic representative of his ly hijack their faith. ■

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30 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN AL/D EC EM BER 2001 Focus ON TERRORISM

KILLING IN THE NAME OF COIL BIN LADEN AND RADICAL ISLAM

hat manner of men rewarded. Moreover, from the time they were recruited, were the 19 hijackers the group members never left their sides, leaving them who carried out the no opportunity of backing down from their fatal choice. Sept. 11 attacks? We The values communicated to the recruits by the com¬ now know that they manders are revealed in their answers to questions posed lived in American soci¬ in a series of interviews of 35 incarcerated Middle ety for years in most Eastern terrorists, who agreed to be interviewed in cases, studying and working like millions of other immi¬ Israeli and Palestinian prisons. Twenty of the terrorists grants and visitors to our country. Yet we also know that belonged to known radical Islamic groups such as they methodically planned to loll diousands of people Hamas, Hezbollah, and Islamic Jihad. while dying in tire process. The psychologically oriented interviews attempted to Surely, one would think, they must have been crazed illuminate the mens life histories, socialization and psychotics; no normal person could do such a tiring. recruitment. The prisoners were asked to explain then- But in fact, the al-Qaida attitudes towards suicide, terrorists were psychologi¬ which the Koran proscribes, AN AUTHORITY EXPLAINS THAT THE cally “normal.” By no means and whether they had any were they psychologically SEPT. 11 TERRORISTS WERE moral lines they would not disturbed. Indeed, terrorist PSYCHOLOGICALLY “NORMAL." cross in terms of the number

groups expel emotionally FOR THAT REASON, THEY POSE A of casualties and extent of the disturbed individuals destruction they would FAR GREATER THREAT THAN PAST they are a security risk. And inflict. Their answers are precisely for that reason, TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS. revealing. they pose a far greater threat One of the commanders than past terrorist organiza¬ BY JERROLD M. POST, M.D. interviewed was Hassan tions. Salame, commander of the suicide bombers who carried Shattering Stereotypes out the wave of bombing in 1996 which precipitated the In many ways, these new terrorists shatter the tradi¬ defeat of Prime Minister Shimon Peres and the election tional profile of suicidal terrorists developed in Israel. of Prime Minister Bibi Netanyahu. Salame was sen¬ Typically 17 to 22 in age, uneducated, unemployed, tenced to 46 consecutive life sentences, one for each unmarried, the Israeli suicide bombers have been dispir¬ Israeli who died in the bombings. Concerning suicidal ited, unformed youth, looking forward to a bleak future, terrorism, he said: “A suicide bombing is the highest level when they were recruited. The group members psycho¬ of jihad, and highlights the depth of our faith. The logically manipulated the new recruits, brainwashing bombers are holy fighters who cany out one of the more them to believe that by carrying out a suicide bombing, important articles of faith.” Another commander assert¬ they would find an honored place in the corridor of mar¬ ed: “It is suicide attacks which earn the most respect and tyrs, and their lives would be meaningful; moreover, their elevate the bombers to the highest possible level of mar¬ parents would win status and would be financially tyrdom.”

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 31 Focus

Another interviewed terrorist Osama bin Laden has the “Manchurian Candidate,” they took umbrage at the term “suicide.” carried out their mission to hijack “This is not suicide. Suicide is selfish claimed the title of four airliners, and gave their lives [and] reflects mental weakness. This while killing nearly 4,000 people. is istishad” (martyrdom or self-sacri¬ commander-in-chief of the During my service as an expert fice in the service of Allah). witness in the trial of die terrorists Asked how they could justify mur¬ Islamic world, opposing the convicted for die 1998 bombings of dering innocent victims, another the U.S. embassies in Kenya and interview subject bridled: “I am not a commander-in-chief of the Tanzania, I obtained a copy of die murderer. A murderer is someone al-Qaida operations manual. It is a with a psychological problem; armed Western world, President remarkable document which goes a actions have a goal. Even if civilians long way towards explaining how are lulled, it is not because we like it George W. Bush. the Sept. 11 plotters were able to or are bloodthirsty. It is a fact of life maintain tiieir own cover in the in a peoples struggle: the group doesn’t do it because it United States, “the land of the enemies.” Lesson Eight, wants to kill civilians, but because the jihad must go on.” “Measures That Should Be Taken By The Undercover Asked whether there were any moral boundaries on Member,” instructs operatives to: their activities, another leader responded: “The more an • Have a general appearance that does not indicate attack hurts the enemy, the more important it is. That is Islamic orientation (beard, toothpick, book, (long) shirt, the measure. The mass killings, especially the suicide small Koran); bombings, were the biggest threat to die Israeli public and • Be careful not to mention the believers’ common so most effort was devoted to these. The extent of the expressions or show their behaviors (special praying damage and die number of casualties are of primary appearance, saying, “may Allah reward you” or “peace be importance. In a jihad, there are no red lines.” on you” while arriving and departing, etc.); and • Avoid visiting famous Islamic places (mosques, The New Model libraries, Islamic fairs, etc.). The attitudes reflected in these statements characterize The response die manual offers to “An Important radical Islamic terrorists in general. But tiiere is a striking Question: How can a Muslim spy live among enemies if contrast between previous suicide bombers and die 19 ter¬ he maintains his Islamic characteristics? How can he per¬ rorists who carried out the attacks of Sept. 11, beyond die form his duties to Allah and not want to appear Muslim?” unprecedented scale of mass-casualty terrorism. is compelling: These individuals had lived in Western society, in some “Concerning die issue of clothing and appearance ( of cases for many years, exposed to its freedoms and oppor¬ true religion), Ibn Taimia — may Allah have mercy on tunities. Many were in their late 20s or mid-30s, and sev¬ him — said, ‘If a Muslim is in a combat or godless area, he eral had received higher education. A number of diem is not obligated to have a different appearance from (diose came from financially comfortable middle-class families in around him). The (Muslim) man may prefer or even be Saudi Arabia. They blended in widi American society, obligated to look like them, provided his actions bring a eschewing the dress, customs and personal grooming of religious benefit. Resembling die polydieist in religious traditional Muslims. And yet, on the appointed day, like appearance is a kind of ‘necessity permits the forbidden’ even though they (forbidden acts) are basically prohibit¬ Dr. Jerrolcl Post is Professor of Psijchiatry, Political ed.’ ” Psychology and, International Affairs at The George Citing verses from the Koran, the instruction in effect Washington University. He is the co-author of Political says that Allah will forgive participants for not [outward¬ Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred (Yale University ly] living the life of a good Muslim, for it is in die service Press, 1997) and served as an expert witness in the trial of the jihad. of the terrorists convicted for the 1998 bombings of the As I have come to understand them, these terrorists U. S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. differ strikingly from die suicide bombers in Israel. Fully

32 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 Focus

formed adults, they have internalized Alienated Arab youth — with God’s help — call on every their values. They are “true believers” Muslim who believes in God and wishes who have subordinated their individu¬ find resonance in bin to be rewarded to comply with God’s ality to die group. They have uncriti¬ order to kill the Americans and plunder cally accepted the direction of the Laden’s statements, and their money wherever and whenever destructive charismatic leader of the they find it. ” organization, Osama bin Laden, and see him as a hero. Thus, it is not bin Laden but God what he declares is moral is moral; who has ordered religious Muslims to indeed, it is a sacred obligation. kill all tire Americans, the God for whom bin Laden speaks with authority. Accordingly, there is not an action Profile Of A Leader that bin Laden orders that is not couched and justified in What matter of man can inspire such acts? How could language from the Koran. the son of a multi-billionaire construction magnate in There has been a series of triumphs for bin Laden: the Saudi Arabia become die leader of this powerful radical 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the 1996 bombing of Islamic terrorist organization? A leader does not become the Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia, the 1998 bombings of a leader until he encounters his followers, and Osama bin the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, last year’s attack Ladens leadership experience during the struggle in on the USS Cole in Yemen, and now, the most spectacular Afghanistan against the Soviet invasion was assuredly a terrorist act in history, an act of mass-casualty super-terror¬ transformational experience. Ascetic in his life style, often ism. Osama bin Laden seems to be on an expansive roll, living in caves, the extremely wealthy bin Laden gave gen¬ with messianic grandiosity, ever expanding his vision. erously of his fortune, building hospitals and clinics, pur¬ Even as President Bush and British Prime Minister chasing weapons and ammunition. Tony Blair have taken pains to clarify this is not a war Inspirational in his rhetoric, he won die adulation of his against Muslims, but a war against terrorism, bin Laden Afghan freedom fighters. Surely to defeat the Soviet has framed the conflict as a religious war. This, in turn, has Union superpower (ironically, with significant aid from allowed him to claim the title of commander-in-chief of the United States) confirmed Allah was on their side. But tiie Islamic world, opposing the commander-in-chief of with die departure of the Soviets from their Vietnam, bin tiie Western world, President George W. Bush. Alienated Laden was left without an enemy. Returning to Saudi Arab youth find resonance in his statements, and see him Arabia, he was distressed, indeed incensed, to find as a hero. American troops based on tire sacred Islamic land “of the And this is the real challenge. Osama bin Laden may two cities” (Mecca and Medina). And he seamlessly trans¬ be eliminated and the al-Qaida network rolled up, but tiie ferred his enmity to the United States, initially seeking path of anti-Western radical Islamist extremism is increas¬ only to expel the American military' from Arab lands, but ingly attractive to alienated Islamic youth. Terrorism at later expanding his target to include all Americans. heart is a vicious species of psychological warfare; it is vio¬ In his 1998 fatwa, “Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders,” lence as communication. Smart bombs and missiles will bin Laden declared: “In compliance with Gods order, we not win this war. The only way to counter psychological issue the following fatwa to all Muslims: The ruling to kill warfare is with psychological warfare, countering tiie dis¬ the Americans and their allies — civilians and military — is torted extremist rhetoric of Osama bin Laden and radical an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any Islamist clerics, that rationalizes violence with verses from country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate tiie Koran. the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque [Mecca] from This will be a long struggle. And key goals in this strug¬ their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all gle are to inhibit alienated Muslim youth from joining tiie tiie lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any ranks of extremism and show them that violence is not the Muslim. This is in accordance with the words of Almighty only pathway to political change. Most importantly, popu¬ God: ‘fight the pagans all together as they fight you all lar support for this dangerous movement must be together,’ and ‘fight them until there is no more tumult or reduced, so that radical Islamic extremism is marginalized oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in God.’ We and its leaders discredited. ■

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 33 Focus

WHY DO THEY The “public” servant officially earns just $25 per month, yet he is on his way home to his new mansion. Perhaps he will step HATE US? into his Jacuzzi before the dinner he is hosting for American aid workers who have arrived to help him eradicate poverty. Meanwhile, you shiver in the cold as you wait for your bus and, HERE IS ONE POSSIBLE ANSWER TO THE because you have no hot water, decide to heat buckets of water QUESTION MANY AMERICANS HAVE BEEN to at least give yourself a sponge bath when you return home. ASKING EVER SINCE SEPT. 11. His children are studying in America. They drive fast cars and want for nothing. Your daughter is a teacher at a secondary school but like you, has not received any wages in a long time. BY LORI HANDRAHAN Because she is beautiful, she is able to work on the side as an magine, if you can, this scenario. You see your neighbor, a “escort” for American aid workers who have come to your coun¬ I prominent government official, being whisked away in his try to “help.” Americans pay in dollars and this is important shiny black BMW limousine, while you are waiting for a rick¬ because your currency is worth so little even when you are paid. ety bus that may never come. A cousin of your country’s She shares her money with the family, which is what has allowed president, he went to high school with you. Not very bright you to buy food today. or energetic, he coasted through the easiest program at the The next morning, she emerges from the bathroom in the national university, while you graduated at the top of your class two-bedroom apartment that you share with your son and his and went on to Moscow to complete your graduate work in med¬ family. She sits at the small, rickety table in the kitchen and tells icine. you about her evening at the government official’s dinner. Her As a doctor, you have worked hard and served your country “date” was a mid-20s American professional with the World under the state-sponsored medical system. Yet for the past two Bank, who is visiting your country to solve economic problems. years, you have received no salary. There is, your government He has just obtained his Ph.D. and this is his first job. He does claims, no money, though there seems to be plenty of money for not speak your language, know your history or understand your the military and for top officials to live well. You have no means culture, nor does he see any need to do so, yet because he is one of redress since the government controls the country’s few hos¬ of the few Westerners to spend any time in your country, he is pitals, as well as the court system and the press. If you protest considered an expert and invited to write and speak about its in the streets you will almost certainly lose your job and may well problems. go to jail, as some of your colleagues already have. Yet you are Every other month, he is flown in by private plane so he can told by America that, largely due to American support, you live in avoid the risky national airline. He stays in a suite at the Hyatt for a democracy now. a month, then returns to Washington. While here, he shuttles You know your neighbor has recently returned from a shop¬ between the hotel and the World Bank office, where he spends ping trip in London. He is wearing an expensive, well-cut wool long hours writing reports and thus has no time to explore the suit and leather shoes. You are standing in cheap, plastic san¬ country, make friends or even interact with average people. The dals with only thin, worn socks for warmth. You feel the chilly only people he meets are his government counterparts, assis¬ fall air through your polyester dress, one of only two you own. tants in the World Bank office, hotel staff, and the occasional You are grasping a bag of cheap produce from a dirty, disease- “lady” friend, such as your daughter, he allows himself because infested outdoor bazaar. For the equivalent of 50 cents you have he is under a great deal of stress working under such “hardship” been able to buy four eggs, milk, cheese, and some vegetables, conditions. but no meat. Meanwhile, your son, also a teacher in his mid-20s, sees that the worst elements of society have been made rich and powerful Lori M. Handrahan, Ph.D., an international develop¬ by American money and friends. He is angered by the hypocrisy ment expert with a focus on Central Asia, is an adjunct of the Americans who work at the university where he teaches faculty member at the School for International Service when they speak about the freedom that they are supposedly try¬ at American University. She is the founder and direc¬ ing to help your country obtain. tor of the Finvola Group (www.finvola.com), a human You and your family do respect the few Americans who do rights consultancy supporting gender, civil society and good work in your country, but these are largely Peace Corps education issues in developing nations. Her book on workers or low-paid humanitarian workers with international America’s aid policy in Kyrgyzstan, Gendering relief organizations. These people are as frustrated as you are by Ethnicity, will be published by Routledge this winter. how the majority of Americans behave in your country.

34 FOREIGN SERVICE J O V RN AL/DEC EM B ER 2001 Focus

They point out how much As an intellectual, your son has country — like his sister. They point tried through non-violent appeals to worse life has gotten for out how much worse life has gotten for reason to change the corruption in everyone except the president’s your country and the American poli¬ everyone except the cronies under the so-called “democ¬ cies that support it. He has written rats” supported by America. papers and articles, spoken to any¬ president’s cronies under the So when these men asked your son one who would listen and sent to join their ranks and commit his life protest letters to the World Bank, the so-called “democrats” to overthrowing the regime — and its U.S. embassy and USAID. But all his American supporters — he accepted. efforts have been in vain. You are frightened for him, but you He is desperate. He is angry. He supported by America. understand all too well why he did so. has nothing left to lose. Nor do you. Nor does anyone in your country Except for the last paragraph, who is not related to the president. which is representative of current sentiments in Saudi Arabia Recently, some men from the south of your country have and past sentiments in Iran, this story is a composite of real-life recruited your son for a group that wants to change things, make friends, colleagues, and people I have known during my time in life better. They agree with your son that it is America’s money Central Asia; however, it could take place in many other areas of that has enabled your government to be corrupt. They talk about the world. Let me be clear: Nothing justifies the atrocities com¬ the parties that the government officials host for their American mitted on Sept. 11. However, critical examination of our assis¬ friends. The group discusses this disrespect the Americans tance policies does offer a sorely needed explanation for what show towards your people and, in particular, the women of your fuels such murderous rage against us. ■

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DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 35 Focus ON TERRORISM

THE POLITICS OF EXORCISING DEMONS

or the past 60 years, the The Search For Demons United States has indis¬ Washingtons suspicions regarding the Sept. 11 attacks F putably been die leader of seem fully warranted. Yet other considerations also came the “free world.” The into play in the Bush administrations selection of bin implosion of the Soviet Laden, al-Qaida and die Taliban as a malevolent triad. Union a decade ago These include the psychological importance of rallying a removed its only real rival shocked, demoralized public at home and the need to on die world stage and reinforced die belief diat an invul¬ demonstrate to potential allies — and adversaries — nerable, invincible America offered the promise of a uni¬ Washington’s capacity to fashion a rapid-response strategy. versal world order based on democratic values. In short, the United States had to take the offensive, This world view changed abruptiy on Sept. 11, when demonstrating its commitment to destroying those shad¬ Islamic fanatics launched coordinated attacks against the owy figures President Bush has repeatedly termed “the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Their success evil-doers.” made clear to the whole Such demonization of world that the American opponents by governments THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION WOULD sense of invulnerability no engaged in conflicts, be they longer existed. Instead, in BE WELL ADVISED TO NARROW ITS tribes, nation-states or ideo¬ die words of President Bush, DEFINITION OF TERRORISM FROM logical foes, is neither a new a global menace now threat¬ A GLOBAL MENACE TO A FOCUS nor uniquely American phe¬ ened “the values and institu¬ nomenon, of course. ON THE PERPETRATORS OF THE tions of die United States and Throughout history, it has democratic societies every¬ SEPT. 11 ATTACKS. provided justification and where.” credibility for actions taken, as As die casualty list mount¬ BY WILLIAM H. LEWIS well as emotional reinforce¬ ed, shock was replaced by ment for a disturbed public national grief, and then by faced with painful crisis situa¬ die desire to identify and punish the parties responsible for tions. Furthermore, when individual demonization tiie attacks. Saudi financier Osama bin Laden, long on the occurs, tire process lends emotional concreteness and pro¬ FBI’s “Most Wanted” list, quickly emerged as the primary vides policy benchmarks. suspect. Members of his al-Qaida terrorist network had But in the American context, past examples of this ten¬ already been identified as the perpetrators of the 1993 dency over the past several decades (Fidel Castro, Saddam World Trade Center car bombing, the 1998 destruction of Hussein, etc.) are not reassuring. Typically, such figures the U.S. embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam and last start out as almost angelic (for their strategic usefulness if years attempted sinking of die USS Cole in Aden. not their character or style of governance) in our estima¬ Furthermore, bin Laden has repeatedly called for a jihad tion. But eventually they either serve their purpose or to purge Americans from the Middle East on the grounds switch sides, at which point they fall from grace and that the United States is supposedly the leader of secular, become prime candidates for demonization. Western forces bent on eroding traditional Islamic values The Eisenhower administration, for example, distanced throughout the world. itself from die corrupt Batista regime in the expectation

36 FOREIGN SERVICE J O U RN AL/D EC E M B ER 2001 Focus

that the Cuban revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro would Forming “Unholy Alliances” serve as a benign replacement. But it only took 18 months Winston Churchill once said that if Hitier invaded hell, for “our man in Havana” to become a Marxist sinner, vili¬ he, Churchill, would find something favorable to say about fied ever since as a subversive who threatens peace and die devil. As that remark shows, policy-makers have often security throughout the Latin American region. Castro con¬ operated according to the old maxim that ‘The enemy of tinues to preside over Cuban affairs 40 years later, despite my enemy is my friend.” Indeed, President Bush has made U.S. tactics ranging from invasion to attempted assassina¬ it clear that all international sinners have the opportunity to tion to economic and political pressure. be transformed into saints simply by joining the U.S. cam¬ Not long thereafter, a lowly non-commissioned army paign against global terrorism, an offer Syria and Sudan, for officer, Mobutu Sese Seko, became our chosen instrument example — both long viewed by the U.S. as state sponsors in Congo (Zaire) as we sought to frustrate Soviet ambitions of terrorism — have welcomed. Washington has reported¬ in central Africa. The U.S. continued to back Mobutu’s ly even tried to enlist Iran in the campaign against bin increasingly repressive, kleptocratic government for more Laden and die Taliban. Publicly, at least, drose efforts have than three decades, largely because of the clandestine sup¬ been rebuffed, but it is entirely possible diat Tehran will port he provided Jonas Savimbi’s guerrilla movement in eventually prove receptive to such overtures if the pot is Angola and other assistance in pinning down Soviet and sweetened enough. Cuban elements elsewhere around the continent. It is tme that diplomatic coalition-building has served Similarly, Saddam Hussein received massive American U.S. interests well duiing military conflicts in Korea, support during die Iran-Iraq war of die 1980s, which may Vietnam and the Persian Gulf. It was also a significant fac¬ well have led him to believe the U.S. would look die odier tor during peacekeeping operations in Somalia, Bosnia and way when he invaded Kuwait in 1990. And while any illu¬ Kosovo. Rar ely, however, have multilateral coalitions fash¬ sions about the possibility of American cooperation widi ioned by tire U.S. been as ambitious in global reach or as Libya’s Muammar Qaddafi were short-lived, he, like diverse in died membership (ranging from tyrannical gov¬ Castro, has survived military attacks, direats against his life, ernments to those of democratic orientation) as the current and economic sanctions. list, which encompasses sub-groupings ranging from die One can readily see the parallels between some of E.U. and NATO to the Shanghai Cooperative Organization these figures and Osama bin Laden. When bin Laden and the anti-Taliban Commonwealtii of Independent was leading the mujahedeen who were fighting to drive States. the Soviets out of Afghanistan back in the 1980s, In addition, there are several factors unique to the cam¬ Washington was glad to support him financially and paign against al-Qaida diat militate against consensus militarily as a freedom fighter. After the Soviets with¬ among coalition partners as to strategy, purposes and roles. drew the last of their forces in 1989, however, die U.S. The very concept of a worldwide terrorist network has a essentially forgot about bin Laden; he had served his messianic quality, setting it apart from the rest of the world. purpose, after all. This allowed him to use Afghanistan It extends well beyond die historic frontiers of Islamic civi¬ as a base for wider insurgency, initially against the lization radier than being centered in any one nation-state. Saudi monarchy, then against the American military Its basic concept of religious and political purification lacks presence there and in other wealthy states in the clear definition and die horizon of terrorist action has a con- Persian Gulf, and now against the United States and stantiy shifting boundary. Nor is there any permanence to the West in general. Ironically, bin Laden is receiving network membership. Indeed, its ranks include students, financial support for these campaigns from some of the young professionals and alienated Islamists of various hues, same wealthy Saudis and other backers that the U.S. all prepared to serve as foot-soldiers as well as backers of helped arrange for him less than 20 years ago. charitable works such as die formation of welfare societies. According to U.S. specialists, supporters and sympadiizers Dr. William H. Lewis, a retired Foreign Service of various radical Islamic groups, including al-Qaida, may Reserve officer, is currently serving as a felloiv in the number in die tens of thousands. Conflict Resolution Program at the Center for Such ambiguities penneate the list of terrorist groups Strategic and International Studies. whose financial assets the U.S. froze on Sept. 24. For

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 37 Focus

instance, one entity on the list is the Libyan Islamic The connotation of a presidentially approved “hit list,” Fighting Group, an organization dedicated to die over¬ harkening back to the presidents earlier “wanted dead or throw of the Qaddafi regime — which itself has long been alive” rhetoric, is likely to receive widespread criticism. on the State Departments annual report on regimes that United Nations mandate: Urged by several coalition sponsor terrorists. Yet die list fails to include die IRA, ETA, members prior to all planned military action, a United Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and Hezbollah, among others, pre¬ Nations mandate is viewed as a policy inhibitor by the Bush sumably on the grounds that they are not part of a global administration, which did not seek such authority before conspiracy (but more probably because they are supported beginning the aerial campaign against Afghanistan. by regimes Washington is trying to enlist in the coalition). Regime change: This is a clear coalition “stopper” Moreover, several of the excluded groups actually support given fears of a terrorist backlash and negative reactions by the bin Laden agenda and, reportedly, have loose ties with such key partners as Saudi Arabia should the U.S. widen al-Qaida and the Taliban. the war against terrorism to Iraq and seek to topple Saddam Over the next several montiis the list may be expanded Hussein in the period immediately ahead. but with due diligence accorded to its adverse impact on Definition of victory: The prospect of continued various domestic constituencies and diplomatic partners. Taliban rule in Afghanistan is patentiy unacceptable to the At the present juncture, it may not be unreasonable to con¬ United States, but was not, until recently, opposed by clude that the campaign will be less than global in scope Pakistan and some other coalition partners favored it. Nor even if its rhetoric does not change. is there yet any consensus as to what would constitute an Back at home, similar ambiguities will become evident acceptable, or viable, successor regime, or whether the war as the U.S. grapples with sharply edged means-vs.-ends pol¬ would continue if Osama bin Laden were captured. icy issues. In the process, idealism will have to give way to Not surprisingly, working out the specifics of the coali¬ “unholy alliances” as the U.S. (however grudgingly) accepts tions strategy to neutralize terrorist networks, their state voluntary association with authoritarian regimes, to tire dis¬ sponsors and financial supporters has also proven prob¬ may of segments of American society wishing to support lematic. There are growing doubts about the commit¬ Jeffersonian-Wilsonian principles of democracy abroad. It ment of some coalition participants to proceed against bin is worth recalling that George Kennan, the renowned U.S. Laden and company in various target areas, including diplomat-historian, once cautioned against the temptation control of money-laundering operations, police investiga¬ to transplant U.S. democratic traditions to inhospitable soil, tion and intelligence gathering. One possible way to characterizing American zeal in such elforts as an “overes¬ finesse such problems would be to devise some sort of timation of self.” That caution is likely to become an rank ordering of the coalitions goals, though that accepted guideline as tire campaign against terrorism approach is likely to raise charges of moral relativism and unfolds in the months and years ahead. expediency. In the end, Washington may have to modify its tenden¬ The Bumpy Road Ahead cy to demonize its opponents by narrowing its definition of Almost as soon as the U.S. formed it, the anti-terrorism terrorism from a global menace to a focus on the perpetra¬ coalition began to evince strains over the following basic- tors of the Sept. 11 attacks. Otherwise, the U.S. effort will principles: increasingly appear too open-ended and, ultimately, self- Military action: The ranks of the capable and tire will¬ defeating for our coalition partners to support. Total “vic¬ ing, already thin, are likely to shrink further over any “glob¬ tory” cannot be assured; nor, much as in the past, are our al reach” approach, one that targets states on a wide variety allies prepared to accept only U.S.-designated terrorist of terrorist fronts. groups as targets while excluding others. Extra-judicial proceedings: Assassinations are anath¬ Clearly, American diplomacy will have to perform at its ema under international law, but accepted practice on tire creative best to avoid coalition fragmentation, hopefully part of many (including Russia, China, France and, infor¬ without having to adopt a lowest-common-denominator mally, the United States). President Bush signed a special devolution of policy. The challenge will be finding ways to “finding” in October directing U.S. agencies to eliminate maintain unity of effort and sustain expectations that clear¬ terrorist “leaders” at times and places of their own choosing. ly-defined coalition goals will be met. ■

38 FOREIGN SERVICE J O U RN AL/D EC E M B E R 2001 IN THEIR OWN WRITE

A ROUNDUP OF RECENT BOOKS BY FOREIGN SERVICE AUTHORS rjA he Foreign Service Journal is pleased to the wealth of literary talent within the Foreign Service com¬ continue what we began last year: an munity, and to give our readers tile opportunity to support annotated roundup of some of the latest your colleagues by sampling their wares. Towards that end, —■— volumes written or edited by Foreign each entry contains full publication data (including contact Service personnel, past and present, in 2000 or 2001. information for those titles available only by direct order from While die traditional Foreign Service genres of diplomatic the publisher) along with a capsule comment. memoirs and thoughtful analyses of international affairs are While many of these books are available from bookstores well represented, our list of 30 tides also includes several nov¬ and other sources, we encourage our readers to use the link to els, an encyclopedia and an examination of feng shui as a Amazon.com from the AFSA web site to order your selec¬ negotiating technique. tions. [See sidebar.] But enough crass commercialism. On to Our primary purpose in compiling this list is to celebrate die books! — Leslie Hojfecker, Managing Editor

Negotiate with Feng Shui: Enhance Coping with Lust and the Colonel: Wartime Korea Your Skills in Diplomacy, Business and from Sokchang-ni Relationships Thomas J. Barnes, Xlibris, 2001, $17.84 (paperback)/$27.89 Jose Armilla, Llewellyn Publications, 2001, (hardback)/$8 (e-book), 136 pages. $12.95, paperback, 226 pages. This novel examines one Army officers service in Korea, “Feng shui” is the ancient Chinese system where his encounters lead him from culture shock through of harmonizing a person with his or her sur¬ ethical dilemmas and sensual ambiguity to religious doubts roundings through the manipulation of the “chi,” or universal and clashes with authority. He emerges a changed man. life force. Former FSO Jose Armilla examines the role feng shui has played in negotiations associated with the Korean and Tay Son: Rebellion in 18th-Century Vietnam Vietnam conflicts and die Cold War, among others. The book Thomas J. Barnes, Xlibris, 2001, $18.69 (paperback)/$27.89 has been translated into Russian, Spanish, Romanian and (hardback)/$8 (e-book), 216 pages. Indian. This historical novel, based on actual events, is set during tire late 1700s in Indochina and tells the story of the Tay Son Anecdotes of a Vagabond: The Foreign Service, guerrilla movement, which removed governors known for their the U.N. and a Volag decadence and ended up controlling large portions of what is Thomas J. Barnes, Xlibris, 2001, $18.69 (paperback)/$28.79 now Vietnam. But 31 years later, the Tay Son movement was (hardback)/'$8 (e-book), 240 pages. itself overthrown by rulers who were able to consolidate power This memoir of 34 years abroad — 23 of which were for the next 60 years — until tire arrival of the French. with the Foreign Service — describes Barnes’ career not only with the U.S. government but also with the United Stone Gods, Wooden Elephants: Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Chasing Antique Smugglers in the International Catholic Migration Commission. It also Jungles and Cities of Southeast Asia examines major refugee crises, including Indochinese asy¬ Bob Bergin, Impact Publications, 2001, lum-seekers scattered around the Southeast Asian littoral, $14.95, paperback, 332 pages. Somalis fleeing the Ogaden and Afghans crowding into Bergin, a Southeast Asia specialist in his Pakistan and Iran. days as an FSO, spins an action-packed yam

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 39 centering on the murky world of social structures. Craig Eisendrath, now at the Center Asian antiquities, in which two Pierre Mendes France: Un for International Policy, and col¬ American adventurers, lured to a lost temoignage (A testimony) (in leagues from the National War Khmer city filled with bronzes and French) College and Argonne National stone carvings, devise a plan to smug¬ Francis de Tarr, Mille Sources (Boite Laboratory, respectively, critique the gle the cache of ancient cultural trea¬ Postale 102, 10093 Tulle, France), Bush administration’s plans to imple¬ sures into the world art market. 2001, 50 French francs or 7.62 euros ment a national missile defense sys¬ (approx. U. S. $7), paperback, 64 tem on a number of grounds. In par¬ India: Emerging Power pages. ticular, they presciently argue (in Stephen P. Cohen, Brookings A lawyer and economist, Mendes light of the World Trade Center Institution Press, 2001, $28.95, France became France’s premier in attacks) that those wishing to harm hardback, 377 pages. 1954, after the French defeat at the United States are far more likely A former member of the State Dienbienphu, and arranged the to use technology that is relatively Department’s Policy Planning staff, armistice that halted the fighting in cruder than the ballistic missiles Cohen presents the thesis that India Indochina. Pie also helped to form die NMD is designed to shoot down. has joined China and Japan as one of Western European Union and pro¬ the most important states in Asia. posed extensive economic reform, but A Strategy for Stable Peace: Going beyond the stereotypes, this his liberal policy toward North Africa Toward a Euroatlantic Security book offers an assessment of India’s caused the collapse of his Radical Community strategic and political power following Socialist government — only seven James Goodby, Petrus Buwalda and its nuclear testing in 1998 and skir¬ months and 17 days after it began. Dmitri Trenin; U. S. Institute of mishes with Pakistan in 1999. Cohen De Tarr, a former FSO who now lives Peace, 2001, $17.50, paperback, 192 also examines India’s relationships in France, knew Mendes France well pages. with its neighbors, particularly from 1955 until his death in 1982. This collaboration between Pakistan and China —• a particularly Goodby, a former ambassador and relevant topic today — and urges the Digital Diplomacy: U.S. Foreign arms negotiator, and two prominent United States to develop a warmer Policy in the Information Age scholars from the Netherlands and relationship with the world’s most Wilson Dizard Jr., Praeger/CSIS, Russia proposes a security communi¬ populous democracy. 2001, $69.95 (hardback)/$24.95 ty stretching from Vancouver to (paperback), 232 pages. Vladivostok, arguing that close and Turbulent Peace: The Challenges Now a senior associate at the enduring cooperation can eventually of Managing International Center for Strategic and be built on the basis of shared values Conflict International Studies, former FSO and common interests. The authors Edited by Chester A. Crocker, Fen Wilson Dizard specializes in media examine the current social, political Osier Hampson and Pamela Aall; and communications topics. In this and economic climates within the U.S. Institute of Peace, 2001, $35, timely book, he provides an overview United States, the European Union paperback, 936 pages. of U.S. information policy, from the and Russia and present various mod¬ Crocker, a former assistant secre¬ Morse code to tire Internet, rejecting els of cooperation before making tary of state for African affairs, joins the idea of computer-based their own recommendations. two distinguished academics for “telediplomacy” and arguing instead their third book on global crisis man¬ that new technologies should be State of Decay: An Oubangui agement. They have collected essays used to strengthen the capabilities of Chronicle from 50 leading international affairs U.S. diplomats in dealing with cur¬ Robei~t Gribben, Infinity Publishing, analysts who offer a variety of per¬ rent issues. 2001, $13.95, paperback, 156 pages. spectives on managing, preventing Gribben, who describes himself as or resolving conflicts around the The Phantom Defense: a “semi-retired FSO,” has penned a world. Together, the writings under¬ America’s Pursuit of the Star novel set in contemporary Africa. line the volatility and vulnerability of Wars Illusion Filled with intrigue, political violence, states and peoples in a world that is Craig Eisendrath, Melvin Goodman blood diamonds, witchcraft and both increasingly interconnected and Gerald Marsh; Praeger, 2001, poaching, this tale of one man’s quest and ever more differentiated and $24.95, hardback, 216 pages. to sweep a tyrant from power reflects decentralized in its political and The title says it all. Former FSO the mysteries of Africa and the pas-

40 FOREIGN SERVICE J OURN Ah! DEC E M B ER 2001 AFSANEWS American Foreign Service Association • December 2001

Call For 2002 AFSA Award Nominations

This Issue in Brief. AFSA is once again calling for nom¬ the consequences of their actions. We are inations for its annual awards. We looking for the “wave-makers,” the NEWS BRIEFS: offer awards in two categories: con¬ “boat-rockers,” the “risk-takers,” the JO SALARIES, EVACUATIONS 2 structive dissent and exemplary perfor¬ ones who have stuck their necks out WAKE-UP CALL 4 mance/professional contributions. because they believed it was the right thing to do. The issue does not have to be relat¬ Constructive Dissent Awards ed to foreign policy. It can relate to man¬ In these turbulent times, the men and agement, programs or anything else women of our foreign affairs agencies will that affects one’s work. Success in chang¬ be tested as never before. Please help us ing policy is not a requirement. The key publicly recognize those who have already element of constructive dissent is the will¬ demonstrated intellectual courage and the ingness to confront or challenge con¬ willingness to stand up for what they ventional wisdom, intelligently and tena¬ believe is right. ciously, by asking the tough questions and AFSA’s four awards for constructive coming up with some unconventional a mid-career officer (FS-3 through FS-1). dissent are not based on superior per¬ answers. ■ The Harriman Award goes to a formance of duties. These awards rec¬ ■ The Herter Award is for a member junior officer (FS-6 through FS-4). ognize individuals who have demon¬ of the Senior Foreign Service (FE-OC ■ The Tex Harris Award is for strated the courage to challenge the sys¬ through FE-CA). Foreign Service specialists. tem from within, no matter the issue or ■ The Rivkin Award is conferred on Continued on page 7

(LACK OF) SECURITY AT USAID HEADQUARTERS AFSA Calls for Updated Parking Procedures Due to security concerns, USAID overall building security. Current policy AFSA has been meeting with and is to allow public access daily parking in the writing to high-level officials as part garage under the RRB-ITC with minimal of a campaign to put a stop to public access and inconsistent security procedures. parking at the Ronald Reagan Building and Public parking was temporarily suspend¬ International Trade Center Complex ed following the Sept 11 terrorist attacks, (RRB-ITC). The complex, within blocks but the suspension was brief. of the White House, houses the USAID Representatives of AFSA, the American headquarters, the Environmental Federation of Government Employees Protection Agency, and parts of the (AFGE), and the U.S. Personal Services Department of Commerce and the U.S. Contractors Association (USPSCA) believe overtime Q&A Customs Agency. As landlord for the RRB- that as long as public access parking is avail¬ ITC complex, the General Services able at the RRB-ITC, the facilities will be inside this issue! Administration (GSA) is responsible for Continued on page 7 APS* NEWSBBWS E

AFSA: Delivering Your Mail TSP Open Season Due to the mail delays caused by the anthrax threat and The Thrift Savings Plan open season runs from Nov. 15 to Jan. 31. Don’t forget resulting temporary closure of pouch-handling facilities, many to review your allocations and make any changes during this window. employees overseas have had trouble paying their bills in late October and November. State management wrote to major Evacuation Status creditors asking that they extend grace periods for people in the In case you were wondering about which posts have been put in some 20521 zip code. AFSA applauds this effort AFSA sent a evacuation status in recent weeks, here’s the list of posts that were on “authorized request to management that as long as all State mail facilities departure” status as of Nov. 14: Sanaa, Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, remain closed, the department pay for posts that rely on the pouch system to send flat mail shipments to the U.S. periodical¬ Bishkek, Jakarta and Surabaya. Ashgabat was removed from this list on Nov. 7. ly via a private international mail service such as FedEx or DHL Under authorized departure, family members and non-emergency personnel Once in the U.S., contents of each package would be transferred may voluntarily depart post to the U.S. postal system. Because no State Department facility was receiving mail as of early November, AFSA volunteered to Evacuation Lodging Increase receive these packages. Management acepted AFSA’s offer. The Family Liaison Office reports success in a campaign to increase the subsis¬ AFSA had put 9,000 pieces of mail into the U.S. postal system tence expense allowance (SEA) paid to families in evacuation status. On Oct 22, from posts around the world before the pouch system re¬ the under secretary for management approved a change in the lodging portion opened in late November. of the SEA, keeping the allowance at 100 percent for the duration of the evacua¬ tion, while in the past it was reduced to 80 percent after 30 days. The lodging life in the Foreign Service ■ BY BRIAN AGGELER, FOREIGN ■ portion may also now be increased by 50 percent in certain cases where there is a SERVICE OFFICER & CARTOONIST proven need for larger accommodations. The Response to Anthrax State employees learned on Oct. 25 that an employee at the department’s mail and pouch facility in Sterling, Va. had been hospitalized for inhalation anthrax. Several days later, tests came back positive for anthrax in two mail- rooms inside the Truman Building. Employees also learned that unclassified pouches sent to Uma and Vilnius tested positive for traces of anthrax. Secretary Powell spoke at a town hall meeting on Oct. 30, as did Dr. Cedric Dumont head of State’s medical program. Dr. Dumont said State was follow¬ ing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance, which did not call for further testing. He acknowledged that many offices in the building were probably contaminated, but noted the level of risk was low. Following the meeting, AFSA joined with rank and file employees to urge the department to conduct further environmental testing of State Department offices. On Oct 31, the department announced that it would indeed expand testing to include random sampling.

Governing Board: Staff: AFSA News Editor Shawn Dorman President John K. Naland Executive Director Susan Reardon (202) 338-4045 x 503; [email protected] Business Department State Vice President Louise K. Crane Controller. Kalpna Srimal AFSA Internet and E-mail addresses: USAID Vice President Joe Pastic Accounting Assistant Thomasina Johnson Labor Management AFSA WEB SITE: www.afsa.org FCS Vice President Peter G. Frederick AFSA E-MAIL [email protected] General Counsel: Sharon Papp FAS Vice President Edwin Porter Labor Management Attorney. Zlatana Badrich PRESIDENT; [email protected] Retiree Vice President Robert W. Farrand Labor Management Specialist James Yorke FSJ: [email protected] USAID Labor Management Specialist Douglas Broome Secretary: FA “Tex” Harris AFSA NEWS: [email protected] Grievance Attorneys: Harry Sizer, Neera Parikh STATE VP - [email protected] Treasurer Thomas D. Boyatt Office Manager Christine Warren RETIREE VP - [email protected] State Representatives: John P. Boulanger, George W. Colvin, Member Services USAID VP - [email protected] Director Janet Hedrick Lisa S. Kierans, Hugh M. Neighbour FAS VP - [email protected] Representative: Ingrid Hubbard. FCS REP - [email protected] Lynn G. Sever, Hollis S. Summers Administrative Assistant Ana Lopez USAID Representative: Richard Delaney Outreach Programs Retiree Liaison: Ward Thompson AFSA Headquarters: FCS Representative: James Joy (202) 3384045; Fax: (202) 338-6820 Director of Communications: Thomas Switzer Retiree Representatives: William C Harrop, David E. Congressional Affairs Director Ken Nakamura State Department AFSA Office: Reuther, Richard C Scissors, Theodore S. Wilkinson, III Executive Assistant Marc Goldberg (202) 647-8160: Fax: (202) 647-0265 Scholarship Administrator Lori Dec IBB Representative: Gordon Thompson USAID AFSA Office: Corporate Relations: Tema Razavi (202) 712-1941; Fax: (202) 216-3710 FAS Representative: Eric Wenberg Professional Issues Coordinator Barbara Berger

2 AFSA NEWS • DECEMBER 2001 AFSA Scholarship Basics WHO: Foreign Service high school seniors and undergraduates WHAT: Academic and art merit awards and need-based financial aid scholarships. AFSA and JO Salaries WHERE: Information found on the Web at www.afea.org. Click on “students” tab, There was an uproar from untenured then “scholarships” tab, or call (202) 944-5504 ext 504. officers over management’s initiation of WHEN: Apply by Feb. 4, 2002 WHY: To get money to help pay for college. a new salary scale for incoming junior officers, bringing some JOs into State at Scholarships from Individual higher pay and grades than similarly Donors Every year scholarships are added to the qualified JOs in previous classes. AFSA AFSA Scholarship Fund by individuals who successfully aided junior officers in their bequeath part of their estate to AFSA when appeal to management to review the they pass away. AFSA then invests the new money and awards a portion of the interest each year as a scholarship in the deceased donor’s name. implementation of the new salary scale. These special donor awards are for need-based financial aid scholarships. Foreign Service fami¬ Management agreed to review the back¬ lies do not have to complete any special applications to apply for these new awards. Just by filling grounds of all untenured officers and out the general AFSA financial aid application, students will be considered for the newer scholar¬ ships. One new scholarship is the Harriet P. Culley Memorial Scholarship, established by AFSA make appropriate adjustments. (Note: through a bequest in Culley’s will. Culley died Dec. 19, 2000. She had worked as an assistant edi¬ For more on this, see the State VP column tor for Time magazine and later for CBS. She lost her first husband during World War II in 1942 on page 4.) while he was serving on the USS Lexington. In 1945 she married Foreign Service officer Perry Culley, and accompanied him to France, Uruguay and Ecuador before their divorce in 1974. In 1974, she returned to Washington to work in the Bureau of Public Affairs. The scholarship was Youth in Transition established by Harriet Culley in honor of her lifelong friend Betty Hazelton, wife of FSO Norris The Foreign Service Youth Foundation Hazelton. (FSYF) held a book launch in the State For more information on how to make a planned gift to the AFSA Scholarship Fund or the Fund for American Diplomacy, which seeks to educate the public about the importance of U.S. diploma¬ Department’s Office of Overseas Schools on cy, contact AFSA's Scholarship Administrator Lori Dec by phone: (202) 3384045, ext 504, or by Oct. 3 for its most recent publication, Here e-mail: [email protected]. Today, There Tomorrow. This workbook is designed to assist educators who work with internationally mobile youth. It provides les¬ son plans promoting discussions around AFSA Recruiting the value of having lived overseas and AFSA has been successfully recruiting new members in 2001. A total of 91 percent of all which help integrate the overseas and U.S. junior officers joining State in the first ten months of 2001 have joined AFSA Out of a experiences. total of 227 new JOs, 207 have joined. Within USAID, AFSA has had a success rate of 84 The manual, by Elisabeth Parker and percent this year. State specialists have joined at a lower rate of 75 percent, with 190 out of 254 Katharine Rumrill-Teece, was developed in joining AFSA this year. the FSYF-sponsored program, Around the Compared to previous years, AFSA recruiting is going well. In 1998, only 56 percent of new World in a Lifetime (AWAL), a monthly Foreign Service employees joined. In 1999, it was 70 percent, and in 2000, 75 percent joined. meeting for teenagers to socialize and talk AFSA recently hosted several highly successful recruiting lunches to attract new members from about some of the challenges of Foreign entering classes of new Foreign Service employees. During two back-to-back lunches Service life. for State A-100 JOs on Oct 24, AFSA gained 88 new members, a 95 percent join rate. Most of Here Today, There Tomorrow costs USAID’s recent Foreign Service class of New Entry Professionals (NEPs) joined AFSA A total of $15.00. Send your check payable to FSYF 34 out of the 39 members of one recent class joined, for an 87 percent join rate. at P.0. Box 39185, Washington, D.C AFSA is looking after your interests every day, in the field, in the department and on Capitol Hill. 20016. For bulk orders, please contact Help AFSA help you by joining and encouraging your colleagues to join. FSYF Executive Director Melanie Newhouse at (301) 404-6655 or [email protected]. AWAL meets on the first Tuesday of every month Call for FS Spouse Writers in the Oakwood Apartments’ Potomac We are seeking submissions for the AFSA News Family Member Matters column, a forum for Room, 501 North Roosevelt Blvd., Falls Foreign Service spouses to voice their opinions on issues of concern to the Foreign Service com¬ Church, VA from 6:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. For munity. Send your 400- to 500-word essay to AFSA News Editor Shawn Dorman at more information on this and other pro¬ grams for FS youth, go to the FSYF Web site [email protected]. All submissions will be seriously considered. AFSA will pay a $60 honorarium at www.feyf.org. for any essay published in this series.

DECEMBER 2001 • AFSA NEWS 3 KEEPING EVACUEES CONNECTED STATE ■ BY LOUISE CRANE Wake-Up Call Evacuees Share Common Concerns All FS veterans should send kudos to the State Department’s Bureau of Human Resources (HR) for Ul 1 fe miss you! It is hard for its success in recruiting the best The current crop of 111 I those of us left in untenured JOs are indeed the equivalent of their counterparts V V Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore at Goldman Sachs, Fidelity Funds and the dotcoms, our chief and Peshawar—but in many ways, I real¬ competitors in the war for talent. Hats off to HR! ize that it is even harder for those of you AFSA met and worked with many of these junior officers who have returned to the U.S. on autho¬ during the recent controversy over the department’s decision rized departure.” (Excerptfrom a letter from to implement a new salary scale for career candidates. They Amb. Wendy Chamberlin in Islamabad to impressed us with their dedication to the Foreign Service. evacuees back in the U.S.) Recruiting the best maybe the easy job. The hard part comes in persuading them Ambassador Chamberlin’s letter was that their service — despite the low pay and at times very difficult working read to a group of over 100 members of the conditions — is valued and valuable. The department needs to serve the “best” better. Foreign Service community attending an The outrage over HR’s implementation of a new salary scale for incoming junior officers exposed a raw nerve among untenured officers. It Sounds like management is listening. exposed HR’s failure to commu¬

nicate with its employees and fail¬ ure to understand that the ties of loyalty that bind employees to the employer go both ways. The department has to be loyal to its employees, listen to their complaints and try to make the system better. Oct 28 get-together for evacuees at the The new pay scale allowed some members of the 104th A-100 class to enter at high¬ Oakwood Apartments in Falls Church, Va., er salaries than JOs in previous classes, giving more weight in salary calculations to where many evacuees from U.S. posts such things as advanced degrees, private sector experience, and federal government abroad are currently living. The event was experience. Management argued that it simply could not attract people with the expe¬ sponsored by the Foreign Service Youth rience it needed to the Foreign Service because starting salaries were too low. The depart¬ Foundation (FSYF), with support from the ment said it had found that many qualified prospects turned down offers because of Family Liaison Office and the Associates of the big pay cut. the American Foreign Service Worldwide HR made no public announcement about the new salary scale. Only when mem¬ (AAFSW), and attended by evacuees from bers of a previous A-100 class met their new colleagues did they learn that, although U.S. missions in Pakistan as well as from they had the same qualifications, they were earning less. This unleashed a firestorm other posts on authorized departure status. of criticism among untenured officers, many of whom came to AFSA for assistance. According to FSYF Executive Director AFSA formally asked management to reevaluate the qualifications of all untenured Melanie Newhouse, “everyone seemed to officers in light of the new pay scale and make upward adjustments where warrant¬ have a really good time.” ed. The department announced it will do just that. (AFSA also recommended that The event was held to bring together in the interests of equity, FO-03s also receive some additional compensation.) members of the Foreign Service commu¬ The director general sent out another, equally important message, acknowledg¬ nity, adults and children, feeing similar ing that the JO reaction indicated serious morale issues. The DG asked DCMs and challenges handling life in evacuation sta¬ principal officers to meet with JOs and discuss broader issues of retention, urging them tus. Community liaison officers (CLOs) to forward to her JO concerns about life in the Foreign Service and recommendations from posts in Pakistan and Indonesia were for action by management to “make a positive difference.” at the event. The CLOs from Jakarta, HR held a meeting in October with JOs at FSI to discuss the new salary scale, and Islamabad, and Karachi have been work¬ asked why it was affecting JO morale. Many JOs acknowledged they had willingly ing out of the FLO office recently assist¬ taken pay cuts to join the Foreign Service. They pointed out that their jobs were inter¬ ing families from their posts. FLO has been esting, fulfilling and often exciting. What had outraged them was management’s fail¬ in touch with the evacuees through ure to communicate, to deal with its employees in a transparent fashion, and to lis¬ newsletters, e-mail and phone. Useful evac¬ ten to its employees on a variety of important issues. The HR representative assured uation publications can be found on-line the attendees he would carry the message back to the DG. at www.state.gov/rn/dghr/flo. Click on Sounds like management is listening. □ Evacuation. □

4 AFSA NEWS • DECEMBER 2001 Personnel Issues BY JAMES YORKE, AFSA LABOR MANAGEMENT SPECIAUST

Overtime and Comp Time Overseas

Q. Who gets overtime and comp time than a GS-10, Step 1, overtime pay is For example, if your supervisor schedules overseas? capped at the rate payable to a GS-10/1. you to work five hours of overtime to A Specialists and untenured gen- (The GS-10/1 hourly rate is $26.33/hour.) cover a VIP visit, that overtime is “reg¬ • eralists serving overseas are If you earn the same as or more than the ularly scheduled.” normally entitled to “premium com¬ basic pay for a GS-15, Step 10, you can¬ “Irregular or occasional” overtime is pensation,” which includes overtime not earn overtime pay or comp time. not scheduled in advance. For example, pay or compensatory time off (comp (You can find the GS pay scale on the if your supervisor asks you to stay after time). This compensation falls under Web at www.opm.gov/oca/01tables/gsan- hours to finish a cable, the overtime Title 5 of the U.S. Code and employees nual/html/20001gs.htm) would be “irregular or occasional.” are eligible if they work more than eight However, if an authorizing official knew hours per day or 40 hours per week. After Q. When can I receive premium com¬ in advance of the workweek the specific tenuring, generalists are no longer eligi¬ pensation overseas? days and hours of the work requirement ble for overtime or comp time under A Under Tide 5, you are entitied and could have determined which Tide 5. Tenured officers can get special • to premium compensation employee had to be scheduled or resched¬ comp time and special differentials only when the overtime is ordered or uled to meet that work requirement, the under the FS Act. We will cover this in approved in writing by an authorizing overtime may be converted to “regular¬ a later article. official. The form JF-56 “Authorization ly scheduled” overtime. For example, if of Premium Compensation” is used to you have had to work four hours of over¬ Q. Is there a cap on compensation? document approved overtime. If over¬ time every Friday for the past two A Yes. Under Tide 5, you may time has been ordered or approved, pre¬ months to cover a foreseeable recurring • receive premium compensation mium compensation must be paid for event, you have a good argument for hav¬ if it does not raise your total pay—basic work performed by a covered employee ing the overtime converted to “regular¬ pay plus premium pay—above the basic in excess of eight hours in a day or 40 ly scheduled overtime.” payforaGS-15, Step 10 for any biweek¬ hours in an administrative workweek ly pay period. (The GS-15/10 2001 Q. Why do I care if it’s regularly sched¬ biweekly rate without locality pay is Q. Are there different kinds of overtime uled or occasional? $3,972.) For pay cap purposes, comp work? A The distinction between “regu- time is monetarily equivalent to overtime A Yes. There is a distinction • larly scheduled” overtime work pay. • between overtime work that is and “occasional or irregular” overtime is If your basic pay is less than a GS-10, “regularly scheduled” and that which is important. If the overtime is regularly Step 1, the overtime hourly rate is 150 per¬ “irregular and occasional.” Regularly scheduled, you must be paid overtime pay cent of your basic hourly rate of pay scheduled overtime is work that is sched¬ at the rate of one and one half times your (except for DS employees, who have a uled in advance (before midnight Sunday) regular rate ofpay(up to the GS-10/1 and higher cap). If your basic pay is more as part of your administrative workweek Continued on page 10

DECEMBER 2001 • AFSA NEWS 5 C5B3RETIREE ■ BY BILL FARRAND Foreign Affairs to Center Stage Beirut Memorial uring AFSA’s aborted “Day on the Hill” on Sept. On Oct 23, the anniversary of the Beirut D barracks bombing, Amb. Vince Battle dedicat¬ 11, our briefer was a senior staffer on the Senate ed a memorial on the grounds of the Foreign Relations Committee. Arriving shortly after American Embassy in Beirut to honor the 9 a.m. in the room where 40 of us were gathered, he Marines, sailors, soldiers and civilian personnel brought breaking news about the airplane attacks on the who gave their lives while in Lebanon on offi¬ cial duty from 1975 to the present The World Trade Center. At that moment, since neither he memorial honors all those who perished in nor any of us knew the full extent of the damage or of the efforts to restore peace to Beirut especially horrors to come, he agreed to go on with his scheduled the 241 Marines, Navy, Army, and civilian per¬ sonnel who died on Oct. 23,1983, when an briefing about the state of play on Capitol Hill. Responding to a question on why it seemed to be that advocacy groups for diplomacy as the nation’s first line of defense encounter more headwinds on the Hill than do advocates for military spending, our briefer replied that a large part of the problem lay in the fact that members of Congress “rarely spend more than five minutes a day thinking about foreign affairs.” Later, reflecting on his reply after the full impact of Sept. 11 had begun to sink in, I came to the realization Antonia J. Barry that however true his statement might have been up until the moment he uttered explosion destroyed the building that housed it, it was rendered false from that day forward. a large number of the Marines of the 24th Today the staffs of senators and representatives are keeping their principals Amphibious Unit deployed in a peace enforce¬ ment mission near Beirut International Airport. closely informed on events The construction and maintenance of the outside the United States, memorial is being funded entirely from indi¬ especially in the arc running vidual donors, one dollar at a time. from North Africa to South Gone for now - and I hope gone Contributions are still needed. To contribute, make checks payable to: The U.S. Department Asia. Gone for now — and I for good - is the sense of of State, with the notation “for Beirut hope gone for good — is the Memorial,” and mail to: sense of complacency that complacency that marked Donna Bordley FMP, Room 7427 marked congressional atti¬ congressional attitudes toward Department of State tudes toward foreign affairs Washington, DC 20520 before Sept. 11. foreign affairs before Sept. 11. In his address to State Department employees on AFSA Getting the Word Out AFSA’s communications team is mak¬ Oct. 4, President Bush thanked ing a conceited effort to increase the “the patriots who work for our Department of State... America is proud of your placement of AFSA viewpoints in lead¬ service... the State Department has been on the front line of battling terror and ing newspapers around the country. This the front line of seeing the effects of terror, and the American people appreciate effort is aimed at persuading a broad seg¬ the heroism of the people who serve our country overseas.” With these words, ment of the American public to encour¬ age their congressional representatives the president made clear that the contribution of the Foreign Service to our nation¬ and other elected officials to increase sup¬ al security has registered in the White House. You now have a golden opportu¬ port for U.S. diplomacy. Publications that nity to make the case with your representatives in Washington to pull in behind have carried AFSA or AFSA retiree opin¬ Secretary Powell’s call for more fiscal and human resources to strengthen the nation’s ion pieces recently include: diplomatic arm in the war against terrorism. • The Houston Chronicle, Oct. 23: “Give the Foreign Service the Means to By the time you read this, you will already have seen my appeal in the October Thwart Terrorists,” by John Naland; AFSA News making the same argument I am making here. Forgive me, but given • The San Francisco Chronicle, Sept the nature of the stark threat facing our country, I think it important to repeat 20: “U.S. Faces Difficult Task in the message as often as it takes if, as a result, we can make serious headway in Afghanistan,” by Amb. Ted Elliot; educating Capitol Hill to the value and cost-effectiveness of the Foreign Service. • The Portland Oregonian, Sept 28: “Don’t Forget the Vital Role of In closing, let me assure you that even while threats to our nation’s securi¬ Diplomacy,” by John Naland; ty are occupying center stage, AFSA continues to press forward on the full range • The Daytona Beach News-Journal, of bread-and-butter issues of interest to you all. Because space is limited, how¬ Oct 6: “Diplomacy is First Line of ever, I will defer commenting on those matters until a future column. □ Offense,” by John Naland. □

6 AFSA NEWS • DECEMBER 2001 Parking • Continued from page 1 Awards • Continued from page 1 Under the supervision of the Awards Awards for Exemplary Performance Committee, chaired by Amb. Bruce at increased risk ofa terrorist attack. USAID and Professional Contributions Iningen, nominations are submitted to Administrator Andrew Natsios agrees. He AFSA also offers three awards for recog¬ panels of judges composed of individuals, reaffirmed to AFSA News what he had told nition of exemplary performance and extra¬ both active and retired, familiar with the GSA Administrator Perry, that “unre¬ ordinary contributions to effectiveness, pro¬ Foreign Service environment and lifestyle. stricted access to the building by the gen¬ fessionalism and morale. They select the winners and runners-up, eral public makes the RRB extremely vul¬ ■ The Delavan Award acknowledges who are honored at a ceremony in June in nerable to a number of credible threats.” the work of a Foreign Service office man¬ the Benjamin Franklin Room at the State During a meeting with USAID AFSA Vice agement specialist who has made a sig¬ Department Each winner will also receive President Joe Pastic, Natsios said he had met nificant contribution to post or office a cash prize of $2,500. with GSA officials to push for a change in effectiveness and morale beyond the Once again, we emphasize that the dis¬ the parking policy. Natsios said he let GSA framework of her or know that he continued to be opposed to his job responsibili¬ the decision to re-open the RRB to pub¬ ties. lic parking, and urged Administrator ■ The M. Juanita Perry to reconsider that decision. Guess Award is con¬ ferred on a communi¬ “Unrestricted access to the ty liaison officer who has demonstrated out¬ building by the general public standing leadership, dedication, initiative makes the RRB extremely or imagination in vulnerable to a number of assisting the families of Americans serving at credible threats.” an overseas post - USAID Administrator Andrew Natsios ■ The Avis Bohlen Award recognizes the accomplishments of a AFSA initiated, and AFGE and USP- family member of a SCA representatives signed, a letter that was Foreign Service sent to over 20 senators and representa¬ employee whose rela¬ tives who should have an interest in this tions with the American and foreign sent awards are not for performance of issue. A separate letter was sent to Office communities at post have done the most assigned duties, however exceptional and of Homeland Security Director Tom to advance the interests of United States. should not be confused with employee eval¬ Ridge. In addition, Pastic sent a letter to uation reports. AFSA dissent awards offer GSA Administrator Perry requesting a Format for Award Nominations an opportunity to recognize the critical and meeting Pastic wrote that “Consistent with The nomination should include the fol¬ valuable contributions made by our col¬ the public call for the highest state of alert lowing elements: leagues over and above their assigned and security, we implore you to perma¬ PART l: Award for which the person is responsibilities. Submissions that do not nently dose public parking at the large, vital being nominated; nominee’s name, grade, meet the dissent criteria will not be con¬ — and presently vulnerable — RRB-ITC agency and position (or, for the Bohlen sidered. complex. Thousands of American lives Award, the family relationship). Nominations should be sent to the depend on it” PART II: Nominator’s name, grade, AFSA Awards Committee, 2101 E Street AFSA is sponsoring a standing com¬ agency and position and description of N.W., Washington D.C. 20037. They may mittee of employee representatives from all association with the nominee. also be sent by AFSA Channel cable, by fax U.S. government agencies occupying the PART III: Justification for nomination. to (202) 338-6820 (attention: Barbara RRB-ITC. The committee is identifying a The narrative should discuss the actions Berger), or by e-mail to [email protected]. common security agenda and plans to meet and qualities, which qualify the nominee The deadline for nominations is Feb. 8, directly with GSA for the award, with specific examples of 2002. Any questions may be directed to The AFSA Governing Board strongly accomplishments that fulfill the criteria. Barbara Berger, AFSA Coordinator for endorses the efforts of USAID’s AFSA staff Please try to limit Part III to 500-700 Professional Issues, Tel: (202) 338-4045, ext to ensure the highest degree of security at words, if possible. 521, fax and e-mail as above. □ the Ronald Reagan Building. □

DECEMBER 2001 • AFSA NEWS 7 DONATIONS FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION FUND, FSN RELIEF FUND worthy causes while bringing together classmates scattered to all comers of the Seventh A-100 Supports Worthy Programs globe.” AFSA commends the efforts of the 7th On the 20th anniversary oftheir join¬ astically agreed to support a class contri¬ A-100 class to support these worthy funds ing the Foreign Service, members bution to two deserving funds. At the and welcomes contributions from others of the 7th A-100 dass issued a chal¬ department, classmates set up a credit union who want to show their support for the lenge to colleagues to join them in con¬ account while from Washington and work done by FSNs around the world and tributing to two vital funds: AFSA’s around the world, class members for¬ by AFSA on Capitol Hill. Those wishing Legislative Action Fund and the State warded their checks. to answer the 7th A-100 class challenge Department-managed Foreign Service Chosen for support were the FSN may send donations as follows: National Relief Fund. That challenge Relief Fund, which helps FSNs who have For AFSA’s Legislative Action Fund, appeared in the following letter to AFSA suffered serious losses, and AFSA’s send a check made payable to “Legislative signed by class member Andrew Parker Legislative Action Fund, which is used to Action Fund” to AFSA Legislative Action “On Nov. 4, the ‘seventh class’ of FSO seek better working and living conditions Fund, P.O. Box 98026, Washington, D.C. generalists celebrated 20 years of service. for Foreign Service employees, retirees and 20090-8026. Hopefully, some of them were able to mark their families. The contributions are a For the FSN Relief Fund, send a check the occasion by sharing a drink and a few means for the class of 31 officers, now made payable to the Department of State, memories. But with classmates serving at down to around 24, to say ‘thank you’ to earmarked for the FSN Emergency Relief posts as remote as Tashkent, Brazzaville and AFSA and to the FSNs who play such key Fund on the note line, to FSN Emergency La Paz, and as distant as Tokyo, Vancouver roles in the lives of all who serve overseas. Relief Fund, do Donna Bordley, FMP, and Cairo, an e-mail reunion had to suf¬ By publicizing its effort, the class is sug¬ Room 7427, Department of State, fice. In order to give the anniversary some gesting that others consider anniversary Washington D.C. 20520. □ moment, a majority of the class enthusi¬ contributions as a means to benefit those

EYE ON SECURITY place for this purpose. It of names from promotion amounts to an unwarrant¬ fists, applies only to ad hoc Promotion Lists ed additional punishment. uses of this authority. The Her letter said: “AFSA establishment of a yearly Again Tied To believes all employees program is a different mat¬ Security Records whose record indicates a ter, demanding new FAM pattern of security incidents coverage. When the State Department should be retrained. The In fact, AFSA’s strongly first tied promotions to secu¬ point system is well preferred solution is for rity in September of last year, designed to identify those management to drop AFSA understood it was a one-time individuals. It is not entirely the fink between event. However, back in August, State’s designed to link security security incidents and pro¬ management informed AFSA that it awareness with promo¬ motion lists and simply to planned, once again, to temporarily tions and performance Once an employee use the point system to remove names from promotion lists (for pay.” However, the direc¬ identify employees with those promoted to FS-01 and above) tor general wrote back has been retrained, high scores — all such based on security incidents under a point affirming management’s employees — for retrain¬ the employee’s points system. commitment to the pro¬ ing. Once an employee has Upon getting this news, AFSA State gram, and AFSA is con¬ should be returned been retrained, the employ¬ Vice President Louise Crane wrote to the sidering its further reac¬ ee’s points should be to zero. Director General objecting to the use of tion. returned to zero (although, the promotion lists in this way, especial¬ In AFSA’s opinion, if of course, DS and HR ly as a regular procedure repeated year¬ the department insists on tying the pro¬ would retain appropriate records of ly. The suspension of an employee’s pro¬ motion lists to security records on an these incidents in connection with secu¬ motion, even for a short time, is a sanc¬ annual basis, the FAM must be amend¬ rity clearances and disciplines). In addi¬ tion above and beyond disciplinary and ed to reflect this new procedure. 3FAM tion, AFSA asks die department to noti- other sanctions that have been put in 2328, covering the temporary exclusion Continued on page 10

8 AFSA NEWS • DECEMBER 2001 HELP SPREAD THE WORD FCS ■ BY JAMES JOY, ACTING VICE PRESIDENT Putting a Face Two Steps Forward, One Back on the Foreign As I prepared to join the AFSA Board last spring, one of my main priorities was to review our relations with Service FCS management. We had lots of improvements in Have you experienced a newsworthy the works. We had been meeting with management to ham¬ event on the job? Do you have sto¬ mer out a new assignments policy, new commissioning and ries, good or bad, that you would tenure precepts, and a new performance appraisal system. like to share? Do your friends and fami¬ We had labored to establish ground rules for negotiations ly wonder what it is you do “over there?” and had proposed changing our collective bargaining agree¬ If so, we want to know. ment to specify time limits for management to respond to The important work of the Foreign our proposals. There appeared to be momentum, and we were moving forward on Service and the intricacies of life overseas virtually all fronts. But despite negotiating these substantive changes over a two-year are underappreciated and often misun¬ period and despite reaching substantial agreement on a wide range of issues, we did derstood by the American public. AFSA not have a single signed document to show for it. is sponsoring an informational campaign, At the end of May, when Peter Frederick left Washington for convalescence at his home in Delaware, the logjam began to break up and we were able to take two steps The campaign involves placing forward. We signed memoranda of understanding with FCS management covering commissioning and tenure on June 4, establishing ground rules for negotiations on stories about Foreign Service July 2, specifying time limits for management responses on July 16, and ratifying the employees and their experiences new assignments policy and precepts on August 16. We even got some encourag¬ ing responses to the midterm bar¬ in their hometown newspapers gaining proposals we had submitted in Two months after the ink dried and alumni magazines. early August. But then came the big step back¬ on the commissioning and tenure “Putting a Face on the Foreign Service,” ward. Two months after the ink dried MOU, management notified designed to spread the word about the role on the commissioning and tenure of the Foreign Service in U.S. foreign pol¬ MOU, management notified AFSA that AFSA that it was proposing icy. The campaign involves placing stories it was proposing changes as a result of changes as a result of a about Foreign Service employees, their fam¬ a “technical review” rendered by the ilies, and their experiences in their home¬ Office of the General Counsel. The “technical review” rendered by town newspapers and alumni magazines. changes desired by the general coun¬ the Office of the General Counsel. We need to hear from you in order to make sel would broaden the discretionary the campaign a success. We also welcome authority of the FCS director general contributions from Foreign Service spous¬ vis-a-vis the Commissioning and Tenure Board. By allowing the DG to accept or es, as their stories are no less compelling. reject any board recommendations, the changes would, in essence, allow the DG to We invite you to write about your expe¬ make the tenure decision. Needless to say this is not a view that squares with ours. riences in the Foreign Service, and we will We believe that the tenure decision is vested in a board. help publish the articles you write. Or, we We have also been warned that a “technical review” of the new assignments pol¬ will assist you in writing the articles — all icy will likely recommend broadening the powers of the DG in this area as well. The you have to do is supply us with the infor¬ discretionary power of the DG also lay at the heart of an institutional grievance filed mation. Either way, we want to get your by AFSA in October 1999. At issue was the DG’s filling of the senior commercial story out! officer position in Paris without advertising it and without a recommendation from To participate, please contact us by e- the assignments panel. The Commerce Department general counsel has contested mail at [email protected], fax: (202) 338- that grievance over the last two years, arguing that the DG can make any assignment 6820 or phone: (202) 338-4045. You can without any necessity to advertise and without any necessity to obtain a recommen¬ also fill out a form on the AFSA Web site dation from the assignments panel. All this despite a long history of advertising and at www.afea.org/pffe.html and submit it paneling employees into FCS assignments. directly or print it out and mail it to AFSA’s I am still optimistic and believe that we really did take two steps forward and one Communications Department, 2101E St. step backward. But every once in a while, I wake up in the middle of the night and NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. □ wonder if it wasn’t the other way around. □

DECEMBER 2001 • AFSA NEWS 9 Eye on Security • Continued from page 5 Overtime • Continued from page 5 • You must have applied to use the GS-15/10 caps). If the overtime work is comp time by submitting Form SF-71, fy all those whose scores are high, rather irregular or occasional, and your basic rate “Application for Leave,” made the request than only notifying them when they are of pay is at or below die rate for GS-10/10, within this 16-week period, and your slated for promotion. you may choose either overtime pay or supervisor must have denied the request It is encouraging that just four names comp time. (The GS-10/10 annual salary without rescheduling the leave before the were temporarily removed from the pro¬ is $47,610.) However, if the overtime is end of the 16-week period. motion lists this year, compared to 13 irregular or occasional and your basic pay If all of the above happened, the comp last year. Thus, AFSA hopes that man¬ is greater than the maximum for a GS- time must be liquidated by the payment agement will be persuaded to phase out 10/10, you are only entitled to comp time of overtime, subject to the pay caps above. the tie-in to the yearly promotion lists (subject again to the GS-15/10 biweekly Make sure to give a copy of the SF-71 before very long. AFSA believes this link overall cap). showing the disapproval to the timekeeper should be abandoned now. to support the payment of overtime. AFSA urges all employees to inform GL Can I liquidate my comp time hours? themselves about their own security Ain some cases, yes. Comp time Q. Can I take it with me when I transfer? records. You can request your security • must be used within 16 weeks of A Usually not. Accumulated history through the department’s the pay period in which it was earned or • comp time will be forfeited if it Intranet. Go to “Diplomatic Security” it is forfeited. However, if you earned is not used or liquidated before you trans¬ and then click on “Office of Information comp time under Title 5 and have been fer to another post or back to the United Security Program” and then “How to unable to use it because of the demands States. Comp time requested by the Request an Employee Security Incident of the post, you may have the comp time employee but not granted before the Record.” A reply will be sent out with¬ converted to money if you followed the employee’s transfer must be paid, subject in a few days. If you do not have access correct procedure, even if your basic rate to the premium pay caps above. Comp to the Intranet, you can send an e-mail of pay is greater than that of a GS-10/10: time may only be transferred to your next request to Jack Gibbons in DS/ISP/APB • The award of comp time must have post, or be used in conjunction with home at [email protected]. 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12 AFSA NEWS • DECEMBER 2001 Captive in the Congo: A Consul’s worlds leading democracies share Return to the Heart of Darkness critical common interests and must ORDERING THROUGH Michael PE. Hoyt, Naval Institute find a way to advance those interests Press, $29.95, hardback, 312 pages. together. First published in 1998, this AFSA.ORG A winner of the Secretary’s Award book has been reissued — with a new in 1964 for his courage when taken foreword by former Secretary of State Here’s how it works: hostage by rebels at the U.S. con¬ Lawrence Eagleburger — by a British 1. Go to the AFSAWeb site, sulate in Stanleyville, the Congo, Hoyt publisher. (See the November FSJ for www.afsa.org. tells, for the first time, the inside story a review.) 2. Click on the marketplace tab on the of the seizure of the consulate staff header (second brown tab from the right). and their subsequent 111 days of cap¬ Che Guevara, 3. Click on the “AFSA Bookstore” icon, tivity. The incident presents valuable A Biography which will take you to Amazon.com. lessons both for the future conduct of Daniel James; intro¬ 4. Shop away! hostages and the policies that deal duction by Henry with this type of terrorism. Butterfield Ryan, dot only is this a thrifty, efficient way to Cooper Square Press, do your holiday shopping, but AFSA Pax Democratica: A Strategy for $17.95, 2001, paper¬ receives a 5 percent commission from the 21st Century back, 394 pages. Amazon on every item (books, CDs, toys, James Robert Huntley, Palgrave This is a reprint of one of the first etc.) ordered in this manner. Books select¬ Publishers Ltd, 2001, $21.95, paper¬ English-language books (published in ed from the AFSA bookstore (located at the back, 272 pages. 1969) to examine the life of Fidel Web site) generate an even higher com¬ Hundey proposes what he calls “an Castro’s right-hand man, who aided in mission payment. And ordering through Intercontinental Community of the overthrow of the Batista govern¬ AFSA doesn't cost you a cent. So book¬ Democracies” led by Britain, France, ment and then left Cuba to foment mark the AFSA site, use the link and help Germany, Japan, Canada and the revolution elsewhere (he was killed in your association — and yourself! United States. He argues diat the Bolivia in 1967). Retired FSO Henry

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JANUARY 2000/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 41 Butterfield Ryan, an associate at the Henry Kissinger, the San Antonio Zoo regime tried to hide what was hap¬ Institute for the Study of Diplomacy and Queen Elizabedi II into what he pening — and the international com¬ at Georgetown University, has pre¬ calls “a mostly true story embellished munity tried not to look too hard. pared a new introduction for this edi¬ by passing it through the memory Natsios, currently the head of the U.S. tion, placing James’ writings in histor¬ function of the human mind.” Agency for International ical context. The book, he writes, Development, worked for an NGO “gives readers not only a glimpse of a Transforming Foreign Aid: effort to aid the famine victims. He political attitude from the 1960s that United States Assistance in the draws on interviews with refugees, is often overlooked, but also a view of 21st Century thousands of e-mails and his own Guevara that they will not get else¬ Carol Lancaster, Institute for encounters with government officials where.” International Economics, 2000, from all sides to present a picture of a $15.95, paperback, 114 pages. disaster of biblical proportions, a Why Peacekeeping Lancaster, currendy an assistant paranoid regime blinded by ideologi¬ Fails professor at die Georgetown cal rigidity and Western governments Dennis C. Jett, University School of Foreign Service, tom between humanitarian ideals and Palgrave, $18.95 has been deputy administrator at political realities. (paperback), 236 USAID and a deputy assistant secre¬ pages. tary of State for African affairs. In diis, Prelude to Jett, a former her latest book, she argues that for Tragedy: Vietnam ambassador to Mozambique and U.S. foreign aid to be effective in 1960-1965 Peru, compares the unsuccessful this new century, it needs new objec¬ Edited by Harvey peacekeeping operation in Angola tives. These should include support¬ Neese and John with a very successful one in ing peacemaking, addressing O’Donnell, Naval Mozambique, along with examina¬ transnational issues, providing for Institute Press, 2001, tions of other peacekeeping opera¬ humane concerns and responding to $41.95, hardback, 336 pages. tions. He argues that such missions humanitarian emergencies. O’Donnell, a former USAID offi¬ are often doomed to failure because cial in Southeast Asia and elsewhere, of two critical factors: the way they are I Did It This Way: From Texas and Neese, an international agricul¬ initiated and the organization of the and Oil to Oxford, Diplomacy tural consultant, have compiled a col¬ United Nations. and Corporate Boards lection of essays, by both U.S. and George C. McGhee, Rutledge Books, Vietnamese authors, arguing that U.S. Both Hunter and Hunted: A Cold 2001, $25.95, hardback, 320 pages. failure in Vietnam was not inevitable. War Adventure A Rhodes Scholar who served 22 They suggest, rather, that the Vietnam Vincent Joyce, Writers Club Press, years in the State Department, conflict might have ended far differ¬ 2001, $16.95, paperback, 320 pages. McGhee recalls the highlights of his ently if U.S. policy-makers had lis¬ This fast-paced novel of suspense, various careers as a student, an oil tened to experts in Asian culture and set where East meets West, tells the company executive and a FSO, offer¬ had pursued a coherent counterinsur¬ story of an FSO who doubled as a CIA ing insights into ways that diplomacy gency strategy, rather than agent in Turkey. A quarter-century can affect world events and examining “Americanizing” the conflict. after he wrote it, an espionage novel the process of creating policy and he penned at the height of die Cold undertaking sensitive negotiations. Death In Malaga: An American War comes back to haunt him. Eyewitness Account of the The Great North Korean Spanish Civil War The Great Phelsuma Caper (A Famine: Famine, Politics and Edward Norton, Diplomatic Memoir) Foreign Policy StarcomWorldwide.com, $29.95, Robert V. Keeley, Five and Ten Press, Andrew S. Natsios, U.S. Institute of paperback, 292 pages. 2000, $10, paperback, 148 pages. Peace, 2001, $19.95, paperback, 252 Edward Norton was an FSO from Keeley, a former ambassador to pages. 1907 to 1927, when he resigned to Zimbabwe, Greece and Mauritius Beginning in 1994, a terrible accept a position as president of Bevan, (home of die phelsuma, a type of famine struck North Korea; over the S.A., in Malaga, Spain, then the world’s gecko), manages to combine elements next five years, more than three mil¬ largest exporter of almonds and raisins. as disparate as Idi Amin, Texaco, lion people starved to death as the In 1931, Spanish tranquility disap-

42 FOREIGN SERVICE ] OU RN AL! D EC EM B EH 2001 peared in Malaga as the events leading The French Overseas Empire among the regulations issued by the up to the Spanish Civil War began to Frederick Quinn, Praeger, 2000, $65, Commerce, State and Treasury unfold. This book, published by and hardback, 336 pages. Departments, enabling exporters to available from Nortons great nephew, Quinn, a former FSO, has written avoid violations that could result in a William Hannon, gives a day-by-day about Frances overseas presence for large fine or the unnecessary loss of an account of the fighting by opposing more than three decades. Here he export sale, and covers the most recent forces in and around the southern examines the five centuries that developments in export controls. Root Spanish seaport. France has been both a European specialized in economic issues (includ¬ and a global power, including Cartiers ing export controls) in his days as an America Recommitted: A exploration of Canada, the French FSO. Superpower Assesses Its Role in presence in Louisiana, the vast — but a Turbulent World (Second short-lived — French empire in From Ancient Afryqah to Edition) India, and its misadventures in North Modern Africa: History Donald, E. Nuechterlein, University Africa and Indochina. Revealing Clues to Current Press of Kentucky, 2000, $19, paper¬ Issues back, 326 pages. United States Export Controls, Pierre L. Sales, 1999, CD-ROM Should the United States use its Fourth Edition (Acrobat Reader 4.0 format included on power to protect human rights in for¬ William A. Root and John R. CD), available via Afryqah.com, $49, eign countries, or should action be Liebman, Aspen Law i? Business, equivalent of2,400 hard-copy pages. taken only when the U.S. national 2000 (with 2001 suppleinent), $175, Pierre Sales’ interest in Africa and interest is at stake? Nuechterlein looseleaf binder. its peoples goes back nearly half a cen¬ updates his 1991 book of the same If you’re involved in exports, this tury and includes over 15 years spent title with an expanded assessment of book provides useful assistance in working for USAID and its predeces¬ America as an international hegemon understanding the exceedingly com¬ sor agencies throughout the continent. and examines the future of U.S. for¬ plex and convoluted export regulations. Reviewing this encyclopedia in the eign policy as a new century begins. It points out inconsistencies within and November FSJ, editor Steven Alan Home Suite Home

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DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 43 Honley praised its inclusion of themat¬ how South Africa measured up, but for a United Nations peace process in ic and country-specific essays and his¬ also why. Cambodia and construction of a “road torical maps (many in color) and cited map” for normalizing U.S.-Vietnam it as a reference work that will surely Exiting Indochina: relations. be valuable for years to come. U.S. Leadership of the Cambodia Settlement and In Search of the Elusive Peace The South African Truth Normalization with Vietnam Corps Moment / Destination: Commission: The Polities of Richard H. Solomon, U. S. Institute Estonia Reconciliation of Peace, 2000, $12.95, paperback, Douglas Wells, Xlibris, 2001, $21.99, Dorothy Shea, U. S. Institute of 136 pages. paperback, 264 pages. Peace, 2000, $9.95, paperback, 128 For most Americans, the U.S. Nearly all Peace Corps volunteers pages. exit from Indochina occurred in have returned from their stint abroad In this study of South Africa’s his¬ 1973, with the withdrawal of the with a collection of stories that they toric Truth and Reconciliation U.S. military from South Vietnam. begin spinning at every dinner party Commission, Shea investigates the In fact, as Richard Solomon, a for¬ they attend. Wells, currently an FSO, origins of the commission in the mer assistant secretary of state for has gone one step further, gathering his country’s transition from apartheid East Asian and Pacific affairs, points tales into a book described on to democracy, examines the extent out, it did not occur until two years Amazon.com as “the book every to which it learned from the experi¬ later, after the collapse of the returned Peace Corps volunteer wants ences of earlier Latin American Republic of Vietnam in 1975. Then to write.” And his story is indeed commissions, and focuses on how came the Cambodian revolution and unique; he was in the first group of the politics of the commission were a decade of Vietnamese occupation Peace Corps volunteers that went to played out in issues such as amnesty, of Cambodia. Solomon recounts the the fonner Soviet Union — Estonia, to reparations, and prosecutions. Her diplomacy that brought an end to be precise — where he found “love, report offers a generally positive great power involvement in adventure and a renewed sense of pur¬ assessment and explains not only Indochina, including the negotiations pose.” ■ Have a Bone MCG FINANCIAL IU PLANNING Pick? Former State Department Employee Stationed Overseas Understands Unique Financial Situation of Foreign Service Why not write a “Speaking Out” for the Foreign Service Journal? Services Include: Retirement Planning “Speaking Out” is the Tax Preparation and Strategies FS/’s op-ed section, the place where waiters can Analysis: Insurance and Investments express opinions on issues specific to the Foreign Lump Sum Retirement Options Service, its employees and its work. MARY CORNELIA GINN Writers are encouraged to take strong stands, but 4630 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 220 all claims must be supported and documented. Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Length of submitted articles should be from 1,500 Phone: (301) 951-9160 to 2,000 words. Fax: (703) 938-2278 E-mail: [email protected] Send submissions to: Foreign Sendee Journal, 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington. D.C. 20037; e- SECURITIES OFFERED THROUGH NATHAN & LEWIS SECURITIES, INC., MEMBER NASD & SIPC. MCG FINANCIAL PLANNING AND NATHAN & mail: [email protected]; fax to 202-338-8244. LEWIS ARE NOT AFFILIATED ENTITIES.

44 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 BOOKS

THE TIP OF books on terrorism, including many THE ICEBERG? just now being rushed into print to We have only seen the tip capitalize on the recent awakening. A Book Review Essay While those chosen for review here of the iceberg of potential are recent but not post-Sept. 11 vol¬ Books discussed in this essay: umes (those books are starting to terroristic threats to appear but were not yet available by The Ultimate Terrorists press deadline), each selection con¬ Jessica Stem, Harvard University our way of life. tains views and analyses applicable to Press, 2000, $14.95, paperback, 214 current counterterrorism concerns. pages. Lamentable for this reviewer is the discovery that most of these authors Terrorism and U.S. Foreign crashed in Pennsylvania) on Sept. 11 tend to confine their focus on terror¬ Policy that woke the world up to a grotesque¬ ists, their modus operandi and meth¬ Paul R. Pillar, Brookings Institution, ly simple means of killing thousands of ods to deal directly with them and the 2001, $26.95, hardback, 272 pages. innocent civilians. No longer is there threats they pose. Few authors are yet any need to steal nuclear materials, willing to address head-on the under¬ Germs: Biological Weapons and develop laboratory concoctions or fab¬ lying causes of terrorism or the long- America’s Secret War ricate crude bombs to do the job. range foreign policy approaches need¬ Judith Miller, Stephen Engelberg and Now, as we continue to hunt down ed to minimize if not control the prob¬ William Broad; Simon and Schuster, the Sept. 11 attackers and their sup¬ lem. 2001, $27.00, hardback, 382 pages. porters, sharing intelligence and other Writing last year, Jessica Stem, a resources with coalition allies, we are Harvard professor with a background Taliban, Militant Islam, Oil and urging planners to “think outside die in the U.S. security community, comes Fundamentalism in Central Asia box” — to defeat or at least deter the as close as any of the selected authors Ahmed Rashid, Yale University Press, next attack. Sensibly, however, we con¬ to predicting the horror that became 2000, $27.50, paperback, 272 pages. tinue to focus on potential nuclear, die World Trade Center attacks in the biological, or chemical attacks on our opening paragraphs of The Ultimate BY ARNIE SCHIFFERDECKER populations — still viewed as the most Terrorists. Her nightmare scenario, likely means of causing devastation on likely conjured during her work on The marriage of terrorism and a mass scale in our country. The containing nuclear theft in the fonner weapons of mass destruction has been stealth, if not necessarily the actual Soviet Union, was actually much the U.S. policy-makers nightmare for effectiveness, of the post-Sept. 11 worse: detonation of a small but dead¬ more than a half century. And at least anthrax attacks on selected U.S. tar¬ ly homemade nuclear bomb at the since the Persian Gulf War of a decade gets has demonstrated just how easily Empire State Building, vaporizing it ago, nuclear, biological or chemical biological or chemical attacks could and demolishing everything within bombs in the hands of a rogue state or spread panic — and we have only seen 600 feet, killing an estimated 20,000 to a non-state actor were viewed as the the tip of the iceberg of potential ter¬ 100,000 persons. most likely source of any threat from roristic threats to our way of life. Offering a calm, hard-headed weapons of mass destruction. Yet it How the worlds only remaining analysis of tire risks of nuclear, chemi¬ was the relatively low-tech hijacking of superpower could be made to feel cal and biological warfare, Stem deals three airliners into the World Trade such discomfort in the post-Cold War with the potential threat of “loose Center and Pentagon (a fourth plane 1 era is the subject of a spate of recent nukes” following the collapse of tire

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46 FOREIGN SERVICE ] OU RN Ah! D EC EM B ER 2001 BOOKS SEVEN MINUTES TO STATE DEPARTMENT

egy. He cites peacemaking efforts in try *04* ^ LucU Go. Northern Ireland and the Palestinian conflict, which though not wholly suc¬ cessful, earned significant internation¬ al good will for previous U.S. adminis¬ trations. Pointing out that Yitzhak Shamir, Yasser Arafat and Gerry Adams were all once terrorists, he urges flexibility and finesse, not just vigor and muscle, in dealing with threats. In Germs: Biobgical Weapons and Volvo S80 Sedan America’s Secret War, New York Times journalists Judith Miller, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad conclude, as the jacket blurb >J |i D 1 il has it, that America is currently “all i/iplonmtic privilege,, but defenseless” against the coming Diplomatic Corps • Embassy Personnel • Foreign Service Professionals wars of biological weapons usage. The writers follow the 25-year history of Military • World Bank • Inter-American Development Bank U.S.-Soviet Union secret competition Organization of American States to develop biological arms, supposed¬ Domestic or Foreign • Active or Retired >4 ly ended in 1972 by the signing of die Biological and Toxin Weapons Sllltf' Contact Dana Martens Diplomatic Sales Director Convention. But from that time the competition actually accelerated, the e-mail: _ _ _ 4800 Wisconsin Ave l\IW authors report, with the takeoff of rev¬ [email protected] MAKTENS Washington DC 20016 olutionary genetic research, enabling website: (202)537-3000 both sides to employ recombinant www.martensvolvo.com VOLVO FAX (202)537-1826 DNA technology with the power to

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 47 BOOKS

create antidote-resistant “superbugs,” India over Kashmir and its competi¬ suitable for warfare. The difference tion with Iran all play against the back¬ was that the U.S. kept most of its activ¬ Although germ warfare drop of growing fundamentalism in ities within the confines of the treaty, Central Asia. He faults the U.S. for while a gigantic Soviet laboratory and has not yet lived up to its leaving the region to its own devices manufacturing complex in Uzbekistan after the Soviet withdrawal, fanning developed massive quantities of potential as a weapon of out peacemaking to the United antibiotic-resistant anthrax and other Nations and essentially turning a blind deadly spores. war or terrorism, the eye to ISI training of terrorists to fight Drawing on hundreds of interviews in Indian-occupied Kashmir. Finally, with scientists, government officials threat of such weapons is Rashid notes that Pakistan played with and intelligence officers, the authors fire by conspiring in or ignoring — we provide a thrilling, if somewhat “real and rising. ” are not yet sure which — the use of uneven, tale of how tire U.S. discov¬ Afghan tenitory by Osama bin Laden ered in 1990 that Russian scientists, and his al-Qaida band of terrorists. utilizing gene splicing techniques, had There are many lessons to be created new, more lethal forms of long develop an antidote, an application it learned, and an abundance of blame dormant killers such as the plague believes would be legal under the to share, for the policy missteps that (Black Death) or smallpox in the labo¬ 1972 Convention. The authors con¬ accompanied and followed the U.S., ratory. Only months later, the U.S. was clude that, although germ warfare has Pakistani and Saudi Arabian sponsor¬ shocked to learn that Iraq’s Saddam not yet lived up to its potential as a ship of the Afghan rebellion against Hussein had not only developed weapon of war or terrorism, the threat the 1979-1989 Soviet invasion and sophisticated anthrax and botulism of such weapons is “real and rising, occupation of Afghanistan. While the agents but weaponized them, thereby driven by scientific discoveries and blame game is for others to play, the threatening the entire Gulf War coali¬ political upheavals around tire world.” clear lesson for America is that leaving tion that was then deploying to Saudi Ahmed Rashid, a Pakistani journal¬ a field of conflict for others to resolve Arabia. Fortunately for U.S.-led ist of nonpareil knowledge about tire is a dangerous policy. Vigorous diplo¬ troops, Saddam did not use his genus shadowy Afghan fundamentalist matic engagement in post-Soviet and toxins and the U.S. was able to regime, brings tire group into sharp Afghanistan, on the other hand, could draw Russian scientists into a plan to focus in Taliban, Militant Islam, Oil have paid handsome dividends, or at prevent proliferation of their crum¬ and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. least would have cost far less than we bling germ warfare infrastructure. In this highly detailed look at what has are now paying in the struggle against Still, one worries how much potential essentially become a hijacked nation, Afghanistan-based terrorism. Though bioterrorism material was allowed to Rashid points out that the version of few of the world’s problems are of our leave Russian plants for Iran, Iraq or Islam implanted in Afghanistan own making, we do have a responsibil¬ other destinations before safeguards through a combination of invasion, ity to resolve those problems we had a were put in place. civil war and outside interference is hand in creating — particularly if we Miller and her colleagues provide a actually alien to most Afghans. He don’t want them to come back and well-documented account of tire shad¬ takes Pakistan and its intelligence ser¬ bite that hand. ■ owy side of state-sponsored research vice, ISI, sharply to task not only for and development of bioterror creating tire movement but supporting Amie Schifferdecker is a retired FSO weapons. A current concern of U.S. it even when it was clear that the who served as a political officer in Kabul, scientists is a strain of vaccine-resistant Taliban (i.e., Islamic students) were Lahore, Tel Aviv, Istanbul, Rabat and anthrax developed in the former little more than an ignorant militia Washington. He returned to Kabul in Soviet Union, a sample of which the with a cruel plan to keep tire Afghan 1997-98 as an advisor to the United U.S. has been unable to obtain from population in misery. Nations Special Mission in Afghanistan. the Putin government for testing. Rashids analysis places the rise of A member of the Journal’s Editorial According to the authors, tire Bush tire Taliban into a broader regional administration has decided to develop analysis in which control of oil Board, he is currently a consultant with such a strain on its own in order to resources, Pakistan’s conflict with the Department of State.

48 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

LOOKING FOR A GOOD SCHOOL ABROAD?

FINDING SCHOOLS WITH HIGH EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS THAT ALSO AFFORD AMERICAN STUDENTS INTERACTION WITH THE LOCAL CULTURE CAN BE DIFFICULT. HERE’S HELP.

BY PIA SCHOU NIELSEN

ccording to the State Department’s school calendar (particularly at more prestigious schools) Family Liaison Office, there are and partly because FSOs sometimes have to bid on so A approximately 10,000 children in many posts that they cannot possibly do research on all Foreign Service families, of which the possibilities. about 7,200 are school-age. Around Nevertheless, Bigelows advice is to begin the process early 93 percent of those children attend and find out as much as possible about die area, the local school local schools located in the city of system and die country’s culture before leaving for post. assignment. Five percent enroll in boarding schools, and Asked what parents look for in regard to their chil¬ the other two percent are homeschooled by their parents. dren’s education, Bigelow said: “For many parents, the Foreign Service life offers those children many possibility of being close to their children is the most rewards: excitement, diversity, intel¬ important factor when they are lectual stimulation and a sense of looking for a school.” Another self-sufficiency. But it also poses It can be almost as difficult for important factor is whether the sub¬ many challenges, a major one being jects taught meet the standard of an the identification of schools that students to return home to equivalent American school. nurture educational and social Besides the obvious immediate ben¬ development rather than disrupting American schools as it was efits for the student of attaining a it. Even in developed nations, find¬ rigorous education, that also makes ing schools with high educational to leave years before. the eventual transition to an standards that also give American American school or college a lot eas¬ students the opportunity to interact with the local culture ier for the children when they return home. can be difficult. And the selection process must be repeated eveiy few years, often in very different settings. Copenhagen: A Case Study Fortunately, help is available! For all these reasons, many Foreign Service parents select an international school for their children. What To Look For In Denmark, one of the biggest of these is the The Family Liaison Office is an excellent place to Copenhagen International School. Like many other over¬ begin the search for a suitable overseas school. The job of seas schools, it does not mount big advertising campaigns, the FLO’s Education and Youth Officer, Marjorie at least in the United States, but is listed in several differ¬ Bigelow, is to inform Foreign Service families, whether ent directories which can be found at U.S. embassies, the going abroad or coming home, about educational factors FLO and other places. As its director, Michael Francis, they need to consider. acknowledges, “the best advertising we can get is word of That role is all the more important because so many mouth.” FSOs lack the time to do proper research on schools Sarah F. Drew, the administrative officer at the U.S. before they arrive at post, Bigelow notes. This is partly embassy in Copenhagen, agrees that FSOs often base because the bidding cycle can be in great conflict with the their choice of school on other families’ experience and knowledge. Still, the embassy has chosen not to get Pia Schou Nielsen, a student at the Roskilde University, direcdy involved in the search for schools for new families Denmark, was an advertising intern at the Journal this in Denmark. “When families come, we can only recom- summer. Continued on page 52

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 49 EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY

THE AMERICAN OVERSEAS SCHOOL OF ROME

Preserving a half-century of academic excellence by teaching children to learn how to learn. Challenging curricula including the Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs. Dedicated to teaching respect and understanding in an edu¬ cational community with 600 students from 49 countries - of whom 40% are native English speakers - ensuring a smooth transition for Americans and a rich English language envi¬ ronment for ESL students Committed to developing all the talents and abilities of stu¬ dents through rigorous academics, art, music, drama, athlet¬ ics and support for students with special learning needs. Preparing students for the future through cutting edge tech¬ nology - featuring three computer labs and over 70 new Pentium computers. Boarding program for 30 selected high school students. Computer labs powered by: micronpc C0111 American Overseas School of Rome Special support provided by: Via Cassia, 811 - Rome, Italy 00189 Tel: 06.3326.4841 Fax: 06.3326.2608 Providing Outstanding Education For The Rome website: www.aosr.org International Community For Over 50 Years email: [email protected] SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

TASIS

THE TASIS SCHOOLS IN EUROPE Founded in 1956, TASIS is the longest established American boarding school in Europe. 4 Magnificent campuses near Lugano, Switzerland, and London, England 4 Co-educational; Day Students, Pre-K-12; Boarding, 7-12; Post Graduate year 4 Challenging and diverse curricula: US College Prep, Advanced Placement Program, International Baccalaureate 4 Extensive Travel, Sports, Art, Drama, Music, and Activities 4 Outstanding university placement record 4 Exciting summer programs offering foreign language and enrichment courses 4 Scholarships for Foreign Service children

Please contact: The TASIS Schools, 1640 Wisconsin Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20007 • Tel: (202) 965 5800 • Fax: (202) 965 5816 E-mail: [email protected] • Web site: www.tasis.com

The question is not whether your daughter is going to college. It's where, isn't it? Choose St. Catherine's and you'll be delighted with the answer. Our students' SAT scores are always in the top of the mid-Atlantic gfc; region. And no won- Ajs der. St. Catherine's , curriculum is To prepare your daughter for en&es more like a ? M T_ college than higher education, give her one now.' a high school. Over 70% of our faculty have advanced degrees. And our student- teacher ratio is 6:1. Call 804-288-2804 or 1-800- 648-4982; or visit us at www.st.catherines.org or at 6001 Grove Avenue, Richmond, VA23226. Here your daughter will have her foot in the door of a great school.

Boarding 9-12 v. rotor, and notional or ethnic origin.

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 51 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Continued from page 49 Students from 30 states and 10 countries meet at Shattuck-St. Mary’s School mend that they look at the list from for an outstanding academic experience the Office of Overseas Schools,” she in a secure, midwest campus community. points out. “We all have different The student-faculty ratio is 7-1 opinions on what is a good education and all teachers live on campus. for our children. What is great for Other features include: my children is not always the best ♦ Grades 6-12 ♦ Coed thing for your children.” Drew has ♦ Boarding and Day not only professional but personal ♦ Separate Middle School and experience to back up her views: Upper School programs beside serving as an administrative ♦ Outstanding coaching in drama, officer, she is also the mother of two music and athletics children, both attending the ♦ 45 minutes from Copenhagen International School. Minneapolis/St. Paul airport Another advantage of many inter¬ national schools is that they base Call 507-333-1618 their curriculum on the International Fax 507-333-1661 Baccalaureate Diploma program. E-mail: [email protected] www.s-sm.org Another advantage is that

they base their curriculum

SHATTUCK-STMAKYS SCHOOL on the International FARIBAULT, MN, 55021 U.S.A. Baccalaureate Diploma

program. The IB makes Episcopal ^ mM Experience the transition between schools much easier.

Founded in 1839, Episcopal High School is a coed college preparatory boarding school for grades nine to 12. tji. The IB program was developed in Renowned for a commitment Weekly educational and the late 1960s by a dozen schools ro academic excellence and cultural trips into Washington, personal growth D.G.’s museums, government (including the Copenhagen Small, interactive classes with agencies, theaters and exhibitions International School) as a deliberate a 6:1 student to teacher ratio; Diverse student body compromise between the specializa¬ 37 Advanced Placement and including 31 states, the District tion required in some national school honors courses are ottered. of Columbia and 15 countries, systems and the breadth preferred in Fully integrated technology— bringing to Episcopal a wide others. The IB makes the transition all buildings, including array ol backgrounds and between schools, abroad or back in classrooms, are wired for experiences the United States, much easier. network and Internet access and Srrong athletics with 27 all students use laptop computers. different athletic opportunities Moving overseas is not just a chal¬ One hundred percent offered for boys and girls- lenge for the children. It can also he residential—fostering close Dynamic arts program hai'd on the parents. After all, they, friendships and a srrong sense of offering opportunities in visual too, are starting all over, creating a new and performing arts with a new social network for themselves and arts center opening in 2092 their children. Complicating that task riVi EPISCOPAL is a fundamental difference between HIGH SCHOOL American society and most others: In 1200 North Quaker Lane Director of Admissions Alexandria, VA 22302 [email protected] the United States, parents often form 703.933.4062 www.episcopalhighschool.org Continued, on page 54

52 FOREIGN SERVICE ] OU RN AL/D EC EM B ER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Education that makes a difference.

Our 700-acre private school is dedicated to high academic standards, a rigorous sports program, and a strong work ethic, allowing children to be well-prepared for college, careers, and life. Students use the innovative study methods of author and educator L. Ron Hubbard.

• 9-Month Fall & ESL Programs The Delphian School • 4- to 6-Week Summer Session 20950 SW Rock Creek Sheridan, Oregon 97378 • Personalized Approach to Students WWW.ClGlpKidll.OrQ ' foas*al 0re9On Call now: (503) 843-3521 • Boarding Ages 8-17 Fax: (503) g43.41 53

2001 Delphi Schools, Inc. ©All rights reserved. Delphi schools, Inc. admits students of any race. Color, national or ethnic origin. The Delphian school is licensed to use applied scholastics educational services.

VE BEEN "PREPARING YOUNG LEGE AND LIFE" SINCE 1888.

As the oldest boys' boarding school in the United States, we value a boy's education at the Kiski School. With students

in grades 9-12 and post graduates, and in a small classroom setting, we teach a liberal arts curriculum using STATE-OF-

THE-ART technology. Each boy carries a laptop, participates in athletics and formal meals, and lives in a dormitory. Our

beautiful campus is located in Saltsburg, PA, 30 miles east of Pittsburgh. KISKI VISITWWW.KISKI.ORG - CALL 1-877-KISKI-4-U

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 53 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Continued from page 52

their social networks around the par¬ Small School. ent-teacher associations at their chil¬ dren’s schools. But this American tra¬ Big Outdoors. dition of parent involvement often does not exist in schools abroad. As a result, Marjorie Bigelow and her col¬ Traditional College Preparatory leagues in the FLO often hear from Coeducational, Grades 9-12 & Post-Graduate Foreign Service parents who find the Excellent College Placement lack of PTAs very hard to deal with. Faculty/Student Ratio 1:4 “Not being involved in your childrens school is for many parents a big disap¬ Backpacking, Mountain Biking pointment. They may feel that they do Paddling & Kayaking, Rock & Ice Climbing not have control about what is going on with the child,” she says. Skiing, Snowboarding, Soccer, Lacrosse At the Copenhagen International School, however, the tradition of par¬ THE ent involvement is very big. The school has a very active parents club, and par¬ w HITE MOUNTAIN ents are very involved in school activi¬ SCHOOL ties. There is also a parent liaison related to every grade in order to help the class arrange different forms of Bethlehem, New Hampshire activities and school trips. “Parents www. whi temountain. or g find tire involvement very important.

1.800.545.7813 Not just for their children but because they also need to belong to a group, to be a part of a network,” Michael Francis concludes.

Coming Back Home Being abroad for long periods gives children of the international commu¬ nity advantages that their fellow American students can only dream of. When Foreign Service children return to the United States they are often more mature and experienced in both personal and academic areas. They have learned to understand cultural differences, they have usually acquired at least one foreign language, and most of all, they have experienced die world outside tire United States. Yet despite those advantages, it can be almost as difficult for students to return home to die American culture and school system as it was to leave years before. They are still in effect, “starting over,” trying to fit in and find their place within social networks. To minimize this disruption, many Foreign Service families choose assignments in Washington when dieir Continued on page 60

54 FOREIGN SERVICE ] O U RN AL/D EC E M B E R 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT SCIHHII# mt m glance See our web page www.afsa.org and click on the marketplace tab.

JUNIOR-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

All Saints' 59 70 45/55 86 14 8-12,PG N Limited 60 Y N/Y Y $17,600 Episcopal School Andrews School, The 63 205 All girls 28 13 6-12 Y N 30 Y Y N 21,750 Dana Hall 67 450 All girls 50 11 6-12 N N 12 Y Y N 30,390 Delphian School, The 53 230 50/50 60 9 3-12 N N 50 Y Y Y 24,748 Hockaday School, The 61 1017 All girls 9 3 Pre-k-12 Y Y 30 Y Y Y 27,215 Linden Hall 57 120 Ail girls 75 25 6-12, PG Y N 30 Y Y Y 25,521 Miller School 165 75/25 65 10 6-12 Y Y 225 Y N 18,445 of Albemarle 57 Oakwood Friends 65 161 82/79 42 17 9-12, PG Y Limited 75 N/A N/Y N/A 26.200 School Patterson School 59 35 50/50 90 20 7-12, PG Y Y 70 N N/Y N 17,990 Randolph Macon 56 475 70/30 84 17 6-12, PG Y N 60 Y Y N 20,400 Academy O CO O Shattuck-St. Mary’s 52 61/39 80 15 6-12, PG Y N 45 Y Y N 23,500 School St. Anselm’s Abbey 64 257 All boys N/A 12 6-12 N N/A 5 N/A N/A N/A 13,100' School St. John’s 63 312 54/46 39 21 9-12, PG Y N 75 Y Y Y 20,022 Preparatory St. Michael’s University 61 850 50/50 40 40 9-12 Y N 30 N Y Y 29,000 School Washington 66 802 49/51 0 52 PK-12 N Limited 8 Y NA Primary 17,180 International level West Nottingham 68 176 63/37 70 17 6-12, PG Y Y 50 Y Y N 25,250 Academy . Woodside Priory School 69 ------Woodstock School 69 ------

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Berkshire 59 385 58/42 | 86 15 9-12, PG Y N | 50 Y 1 Y 1 N 27,850 Christchurch 62 225 85/15 66 10 8- 12. PG Y 120 Y Y N 21,750 Episcopal High School Cushing Academy 410 252/158 90 26 9- 12, PG Y 7 p50 Y] Y N 29,500 Dublin School 69 125 73/54 69 14 9-12 Y Y 80 Y Y Y 29,300 Episcopal High School 52 410 60/40 100 6 9-12 Y N 5 N Y N 26,000 Foxcroft School 71 180 All girls 75 13 9-12, PG Y N 30 Y N Y 28,020 Garrison Forest 64 211 All girls 40 10 9-12 Y N 35 Y Y N 28,850 School Grier School. The 73 184 All girls 100 50 7-12, PG Y Y 120 N Y Jmited 26,900 Gunnery 57 55 Co-ed 95 16 9-12, PG Y N 60 Y Y/Y N 28,600 Idyllwild Arts Academy 56 255 40/60 90 30 9-12, PG Y N 120 Y Y N 30,400 Interlochen Art Academy 65 455 39/61 93 15 9-12, PG N N 16 Y Y Y 27,500 Kimball Union Academy 74 306 191/115 69 15 9-12, PG Y N 120 Y N/Y N 28,200 Kiski School, The 53 220 All male 100 30 9-12, PG Y Limited 40 Y Y Y 23,500 Knox School, The 65 128 75/53 81 34 7-PG Y Y 45 N Y N 25.200 Lawrence Academy 61 382 214/168 50 11 9-12 Y N 50 Y Y N 29,600 Milton Academy 68 660 53/47 40 14 9-12 N N 10 Y Y Y 26,950 Miss Porter’s School 71 307 All girls 2/3 7 9-12 Y N 24 N Y N 28,400 Northfield Mount 72 1150 60/40 83 25 9-12. PG Y Limited 70 v Y N 27.750 Hermon School

3 4 ’CN $20,000 'Tuition varies from U.S. $12,600, for the 6th grade, to U.S. $13,100, for the 12th grade Euro 10,890-13,500 CN $28,400 CONTINUED ON PACE 58 5CN $20,000 6of Upper School 'Excluding Easter and Christmas 8i.e. £17,820 for boarding school

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 55 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Introducing Our New Department of Moving Pictures

Idyllwild Arts Academy is a prestigious boarding arts high school in Idyilwild, CA, offering pre-professional study in filmmaking, video production, audio engineering, and new media-as well as the history, theory, and philosophy of these areas. Our new major is designed to provide the kind of education and training that will give our graduates a distinct advantage for admission into the best college and university film schools. We also offer pre-professional study in dance, music, creative writing, theatre, and visual arts, along with rigorous academics. Call 909-659-2171, ext. 223 or email: [email protected] www.idyllwildarts.org

(Macon Academy

A Prep Scfioof zoitfi A Mifitary Tradition

Sparry our son’s or daughter's mind with strong academics, an award-zvinning hand, 22 sports, optional flight training, Office of Admissions Air ‘force Junior ROIC, and the chance to lead and succeed. 200 Academy Drive Randolph-Mown Academy is a college prep school for day front ‘Royal, VA 22630 and hoarding students in grades 5-12. founded in 1892, we’re affiliated zvith the ‘Please call or e-mail us United Methodist Church. Located 45 minutes from or visit our weh site: Dulles International Airport, the campus is surrounded hy Virginia's ‘Blue Ridge Mountains (800) 272-1172 (540) 636-5200 in the beautiful Shenandoah Valley. [email protected] umnv.rma.edu

56 FOREIGN SERVICE ] O U RN AL! DEC EM B ER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

A World of Tradition and Academic Excellence

FOR OVER 255 YEARS

Nestled on 47 acres in the heart of Small dosses with well-qualified teaching professionals Pennsylvania Amish Country, Linden Hall Safe, caring home and learning environment

School for Girls provides a safe, caring A Comprehensive Advanced Placement Courses A ESL Program environment for girls in grades 6-12 and a 100% post graduate placement in Ivy League colleges, public universities, arts or technical year of post graduate study. Located in schools.

historic Lititz, Pennsylvania (pop. 8,000), P Equestrian Program with a 20-horse stable, a 200x80' indoor arena, an outdoor arena and the school offers a college preparatory cross-country jumps. * Located 2-1/2 hours from Washington, D.C. and curriculum to students from all over the 3-1/2 hours from New York City by car or train. 30 minutes from an international airport. world. At Linden Hall we educate, inspire A Well-established history of working ivith LINDEN HALL and challenge girls. international students and families. SCHOOL FOR GIRLS

212 EAST MAIN STREET k LITITZ, PA 17543 A 1-800-258-5778 k [email protected] k www.lindenhall.com

Nurturing minds, hands, and hearts for 124 years! A Miller SSchool 1878 An Enduring Promise

“Miller School is unlike any private school I The Gunnery Mr. Gunn’s School - Founded in 1850 know. Everyone seems to accept everyone else without regard to social status or money. To Coeducational, diverse student body of 255 for me, Miller School is college preparatory without grades 9-12 the ‘preppiness. ’ I like that! ” Students represent 13 countries from around the — a Miller School Parent world and 17 states. Located in rural Connecticut, two hours north of Coeducational boarding and day school • Grades 6-12 • New York City Comprehensive program of academics, service, arts, Small, challenging classes with honors and AP drama, athletics, and activities • Small class sizes • Special level classes available emphasis on character and honor Competitive athletics Strong visual and performing arts program (434) 823-4805 The Gunnery, Mr. Gunn’s School The Miller School of Albemarle 99 Green Hill Road, Washington, CT 06793 1000 Samuel Miller Loop Phone: 860-868-7334 Fax: 860-868-1614 Charlottesville, VA 22903 Email: [email protected] www.millerschool. org Web: www.gunnery.org

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 57 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

See our web page www.afsa.org and click on the marketplace tab.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Continued from oaoe 55

Oldfields School 70 185 All girls 80 17 . 8-12 Y Limited 35 N N/Y Limited 28,100 Oregon Episcopal 66 230 50/50 25 25 9-12 Y Limited 20 Y Y/Y Y 27,065 School N Y Y N 25,175 Sandy Spring 70 512 47/53 19 11 Pic-12 Y 20 Friends School St. Catherine’s 51 285 All girls 26 15 9-12 Y N 10 N Y N $24,500 St. Johnsbury 74 974 52/48 9 9-12, PG Y 75 Y Y Y 22,720 Academy ¥ St. Timothy’s 68 110 All girls 70"J 13 9-12, PG Y N 35 Y Y N 27,950 School Subiaco Academy 62 205 All boys 75 32 9-12 N N 50Y Y Limited 12,300 Western Reserve 63 397 60/40 65 11 9-12, PG Y N 30 Y Y Y 24,000 Academy White Mountain 54 100 55/45 80 5 9-12, PG v Y 100 Y N/Y ¥ 28,500 School !

MILITARY SCHOOLS

8-12 Y Limited 90 Y Y 17,400 Fishburn Military 71 200 All boys 90 15 v Academy Massanutten Military 70 161 140/21 95 11 6-12, PG N Y 90 Y N N 16,800 Academy

SPECIAL NEEDS SCHOOLS

Cotting School 71 120 59/41 7 0 3-26 N Y 15 N Y Y 36,000 Oakland School 68 85 56/30 70 6 2-9 Y Y 65 Y N/Y N 29,000 Vanguard School 74 136 87/49 94 30 4-12, PG N Y 50 Y Y N 29,900 HOMESCHOOLING / ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Browne Academy 72 330 53/47 NA 1 PS-8 N 30 Y NA NA NA 13,625 Calvert School 59 Homeschooling program. K - 8 . For more information, go to www.calvertschool.org Rock Creek 72 175 50/50 NA 33 Pre-K-5 N N 20 Y NA Y 15,520 International School OVERSEAS SCHOOLS

600 50/50 7 Pre-K-PG N Y 30 Y 21,000 American Overseas 50 70 Y School of Rome 25,000 I 2 Internationale Schule 67 800 50/50 N 60 K -13 N NA 4 Y N/A N 15.025 Frankfurt-Rhein-Main Leysin American 66 330 55/45 100 65 9-12, PG Y N 75 Y Y N 25,000 School in Switzerland Munich International 74 1110 50/50 NA 100 pre-K-12 N N 40 Y N N 12,000 School 3 Rosseau Lake College 69 160 60/40 62 25 7-12, OAC Y N 150 Y Y N 18.500 St. Margaret’s School 73 415 All girls 25 25 K-12 N N 20 Y Y N 12,629 b 6 TASIS England 51 725 50/50 50 33 9-12 v Limited 5 Y N/Y Y 28,000 American School SUMMER PROGRAMS 5 Miss Porter’s School 72 60 All girls 100 7-9 N N 24 N Y NA 3,500

:CN $20,000 'Tuition varies from U.S. $12,600, for the 6th grade, to U.S. $13,100, for the 12th grade 3Euro 10,890-13,500 ‘CN $28,400 5CN $20,000 6of Upper School 'Excluding Easter and Christmas 8i.e. £17,820 for boarding school

58 FOREIGN SERVICE J OV RN Ah! DEC EM li ER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

The more the world changes, the more your child needs the classical curriculum offered by Calvert School.

Our homeschooling curriculum packages for K-8 are solidly designed and academically complete. Parents are equipped with easy to follow lesson plans, textbooks, workbooks and complete school supplies. The joy of learning is enhanced with the knowledge that years of tried and true teaching experience is delivered in our packages.

Calvert also offers excellent Enrichment Courses in a variety of subjects, including art, music, literature and math, to compliment your child’s education. The courses, tapes and books have been carefully selected and can provide opportunities for expanded growth and learning as an enrichment to Calvert homeschooling or other education choices.

For more information or a copy of our complimentary catalog, call us at 888-487-4652 or visit our Web site at www.calvertschool.org. Calvert School Wr® Education Services-— 10713 Gilroy Road, Suite B • Hunt Valley, Maryland 21031 BERKSHIRE SCHOOL Sheffield, Massachusetts U.S.A. ALL SAINTS’ EPISCOPAL SCHOOL WHERE TOMORROW DS LEADERS Established 1908 ARE LEARNING TODAY.

Founded in 1907, Berkshire School is a Nets England boarding school that offers a world-class education to 385 boys and girls from 30 US states and 21 countries, w ith:

A rigorous academic program designed to prepare the students for leading colleges and universities A wide variety of athletic and artistic options A special emphasis on leadership and character development A spectacular New England campus on which we 2717 Confederate Avenue. live and learn Vicksburg, MS 39180 800-748-9957 Please contact Assistant Head of School Phillip J. Jarvis at [email protected] www.vicksburg.com/~allsaint Tel: (413) 229-1253 •Coeducational boarding and day school for grades 8-12, Fax: (413) 229-1016 non-discriminatory Or e-mail: •College preparatory program with highly individualized academic enrollment a berkshireschool.org and spiritual formation for students with diverse learning styles and achievement levels •Lovingly structured community promoting self-accountability •Nationally recognized comprehensive P.E. and Recreation program Visit us at: www.berkshireschool.org •English as a Second Language Program •Scholarships available

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 59 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Continued from page 54

Foreign Service Journal children reach the age for high school. Brings you education information Others, however, choose to stay abroad and instead send their children back to an American school or univer¬ WEBSITES sity. But either way, coining back can E1- © be very hard whether you are a teenag¬ Education-world.com er or a college student. They are going 'www.educationworld.com back to a culture already set and in • It provides all information on educational issues, such as teacher/parent-stu¬ some way they have to start all over. dent relationship, updated school news, lesson planning, teaching tips, learning “You might have traveled three or methods, etc. four continents without thinking so • Useful links like Curriculum, Lesson Planning, Foreign Languages, much about it. But inside, you are still Counseling, School Directory, etc. an adolescent that needs guidance,” observes Vincent Hodge, who is the Strugglingteens.com eV# www.strugglingteens.com ’gOt Consulting school and State Educational Consultants helping parents and professionals since 1989. Online since 1995. Department officials is an Helpful articles on parents-children relationship, family ties, teen problems and comments on choosing boarding schools given by experts and parents. excellent way to gather Evaluations and reviews on some schools given by education consultants. Hyperlinks to boarding school websites and individual education consultants' information about websites. international education BOOKS (AH Available on www.afsa.org go to marketplace) possibilities. Far and Wide: Diversity in the American Boarding School Craig Thom (Editor) Tim Hillman (Editor) ,, S Format: Paperback, 175pp. ISBN: 0962767182 Publisher: Avocus Publishing, Incorporated Pub. Date: February 1998 director of Episcopal High School in The book is divided into three major sections: entering school, settling in, and Alexandria, Va. The school has 410 leaving school. Chapters are written both by students and the adults who teach full-time boarding students, including and counsel them. This book addresses key questions faced by the multi-cultural many from Foreign Service families student in an informative and provocative manner. whose parents are posted abroad. He therefore tiles hard to give the board¬ Second Home: Life in a Boarding School Tim Hillman (Editor) Craig Thom (Editor) ing school the comforting atmosphere a small community. “Being a teacher Format: Paperback, 166pp. ISBN: 1890765007 here is a 24-hour responsibility, not a Publisher: Avocus Publishing, Incorporated Pub. Date: November 1997 9-5 job. There is therefore always eiW someone for the child to communicate The perfect resource for students, prospective students and parents contemplating with,” Hodge adds. a boarding school education. Students, educators and houseparents share their wisdom on what it takes to succeed at boarding school. Practical exercises are Whether overseas or in the U.S., sprinkled throughout. Professionals working with children will want to recom¬ choosing the right school is, of mend this book. course, ultimately the parents’ responsibility. But consulting school Educating Disruptive Children: Placement and Progress in and State Department officials, both Residential Special Schools for Pupils with Emotional and overseas and in Washington, is an Behavioral Difficulties excellent way to gather information Roger Grimshaw With David Berridge about international education and Format: Paperback, 152pp. ISBN: 1874579245 the possibilities for your children. Publisher: National Children’s Bureau Pub. Date: February 1995 Even though the choices are many, helpful advice is available. ■

60 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Tomorrows leaders will have an international education

WELCOME TO ST. MICHAELS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL, one of Canada’s premier, independent, fully co-educational day and boarding schools. Whether your son or daughter is an academic, artist, musician, or athlete, St. Michaels University School has the outstanding, well-rounded programs to stimulate, enrich, and challenge. • comprehensive Advanced Placement program • recent graduates attend top US, Canadian, and World Universities including Vassar, Yale, Harvard, Toronto, Queens, Oxford, Johns Hopkins, Stanford, and UBC • two Rhodes Scholar graduates in the last ten years • small classes, acclaimed faculty - national award winners, authors, artists, musicians, internationally ranked athletes and coaches • excellent supporting programs in the arts, athletics, and outdoor education • safe, caring home and learning environment • attractive, comfortable and modern boarding facilities in a park-like setting • home to international boarding students from 20 nations St. Michaels University School • located in one of the worlds most beautiful cities • 30 minute flight from Seattle or Vancouver 3400 RICHMOND RD, VICTORIA, BC, CANADA V8P 4P5 Admissions Toll Free: 1-800-661-5199 Phone: (250) 592-2411 • Fax: (250) 592-2812 Visit our web site: http://www.smus.bc.ca e-mail: [email protected] Outstanding preparation for higher learning and for life

LAWRENCE ACADEMY A FUTURE OF GREAT POSSIBILITIES

FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CALL 214 360-6522

GIRLS: PRE-K- 12 GRADE udent-centered curriculum BOARDING 8TH - 12TH GRADE honors, advanced placement THE independent study options HOCKADAY state-of-the-art athletic center SCHOOL new arts center 11600 WELCH ROAD, DALLAS, TEXAS, 75229 214-363-6311 For more information, please contact the Admissions Office at E-MAIL: [email protected] 978-448-6535, e-mail [email protected], or fax 978-448-9208. WWW.HOCKADAY.ORG Powderhouse Road, RO. Box 992, Groton, Massachusetts 01450-0992

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 61 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT "Four years ago we sent Jonathan to Christchurch His Education, Episcopal School. This Our Mission. year we sent him to the Our mission is educating your son. It's been our mission University of Virginia.” for more than 115 years.

It’s the very reason we sent Jonathan to Christchurch in the first place, to get a leg up - in college and in life. We got just what we bargained for and more: a tailored program, small classes, honors courses, prep league football, basketball, tennis, sailing, a safe haven, and people who care. And Jon even had a good time. If you’re thinking along the same lines, give Christchurch Episcopal a call. Who knows? Maybe you’ll be yelling “Hooray” too. "Wa Hoo Wa Hooray!” CHRISTCHURCH EPISCOPAL SCHOOL 1-800-296-2306 • www.christchurchva.com This ad sponsored by the Christchurch Episcopal School Alumni Association Christchurch is non-discriminatory in admission and financial aid practices.

Designate #2422 on

your CFC pledge card... Whether his strength lies in English or Algebra, his passion in the arts or on the playing field, we will challenge him to ...to help a grow-mind, body and soul. Situated on an expansive 150-acre campus Foreign Sendee child go to college. in the Arkansas River Valley, with dedicated faculty and staff, our environment inspires academic achievement and spiritual growth. Give to the Doesn't your son deserve the very best chance to succeed? American Foreign Service Visit our Web site or contact our Director of Association (AFSA) Admission at 1-800-364-7824; E-mail at Scholarship Fund [email protected]. in the “A Benedictine Education for the Leaders of Tomorrow.” Combined Federal Campaign (CFC).

202-944-5504 e-mail: [email protected] www.subi.org

62 FOREIGN SERVICE J O U RN Ah! D EC E M B E R 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

TERN RESERVE ACADEMY Celebrating 175 Years of Excellence -1826-2001 Located in historic Hudson Village. Western Reserve Academy is the nation’s ninth oldest boarding school for grades 9 to 12. We offer 400 talented day and boarding students a unique educational environment: • Exceptional Faculty • Small classes where everyone participates and is eager to learn • Beautiful 300 acre campus • Complete athletic, extracurricular, and cultural activities • Opportunity to make friends for life with students from 22 states and 16 countries • Featured as an “Outstanding Boarding School” in US News and World Report Magazine Special Report on Boarding Schools. Issue date May 14,2001 Reserve graduates attend the finest universities in the nation, including Amherst, Bates, Cambridge (U.K.), Georgetown. Harvard, Kenyon, Northwestern. Stanford, United States Naval Academy. University of Virginia, Vanderbilt and Yale.

For further information: Agusta Duffy, Class of 2003 Admission Office; 115 College Street Ithica, New York Hudson, Ohio 44236 • Tel: 330-650-9717 e-mail: [email protected] or visit our website at: www.wra.net

A School for girls grades 6-12 Saint Johns Excellent academic Preparatory School Founded in 1857 by the Benedictine curriculum monks of Saint Johns Abbey, Saint Johns Prep is well known for its Outstanding challenging college, preparatory curriculum in a quality, structured equestrian environment. programs for the Academic Rigor serious rider 4 Spiritual Growth Honors classes; 8 advanced 4 placement classes Courses for college credit at Saint 4 John’s University and the College ,/ of Saint Benedict

Enrolling boarding students in College Preparatory for Girls * grades 9-12

Boarding & Day 6-12 Campus is located on 2,400 acres 38588 Mentor Avenue * of woods and lakes, just 10 Willoughby, Ohio 44094 USA minutes west of St. Cloud, Minnesota and l’A hrs west of 1-440-942-3600 the Mpls/St. Paul Airport 1-800-753-4683 Saint John’s Preparatory School [email protected] PO Box 4000' www.andrews-school.org Collegeville, MN 56321 (320)363-3321 Email: [email protected] • Web Site: http://www.sjprep

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 63 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT Useful CONTACTS

THE ASSOCIATION OF ISS DIRECTORY OF BOARDING SCHOOLS OVERSEAS SCHOOLS (TABS) International Schools 1620 L St., NW. St. 1100 Services Washington, D.C. 20036 P.0. Box 5910 (202) 973-9753 Princeton, NJ 08543 www.schools.com (609) 452-0990 E-mail: [email protected] FAMILY LIAISON OFFICE www.iss.edu Department of State M/DGP/FLO Room 1 OFFICE OF OVERSEAS Washington. D.C. 20520 SCHOOLS (202) 647-1076 E-mail: overseasschool@ E-mail: FL0@perms. dos.us-state.gov • excellent college placement • us-state.gov www.state.gov/www/ • advanced placement courses • www.state.gov/www/flo abouLstate/school • superb offerings in arts, athletics • • full riding program with polo • PETERSON’S DIRECTORY OF • friendly environment on 100 acre campus • PRIVATE SECONDARY SH00LS Peterson’s Guides Please call (410) 363-1500 P.0. Box 2123 In Owings Mills, Md. two miles north of Princeton, NJ 08543 Baltimore Beltway exit 20. www.gfs.org www.petersons.com/private Intellect. Integrity. Spirit!

WfelLRoundecL Useful LINKS Sharp Edges, FAMILY LIAISON OFFICE LINKS

St. Anselm's. k EXPAT EXCHANGE FOREIGN SERVICE Of course, claiming one of the area's An online resource for YOUTH FOUNDATION highest percentages of National Merit citations pleases us. And yes. we're information, employment, AROUND proud that 100% of our students . THE WORLD IN attend the top 20% of America's J services, and shopping finest colleges. Certainly, our overseas. A LIFETIME (AWAL) typical class size of fewer than 20 boys nurtures the mind, www.expatexchange. Provides information, body, and spirit. But balance is what we value most. A com advocacy, and activities well-rounded education in the sciences and the liberal for internationally mobile arts combined with athletics FOREIGN SERVICE youth. and the fine arts in a com¬ munity of diverse races, reli¬ LIFELINES www. state. gov/www/f lo/ gions, and economic back¬ grounds is what we offer. Website created by FS fsyf.html Visit our 40-acre cam¬ pus and chat with our spouses faculty and young men, grades 6 - www.aafsw.org 12. It will be a visit you won’t soon forget. TCK WORLD Website for the support and understanding ACCEPTING APPLICATIONS FOR GRADES 6-12. of Third Culture Kids (TCK's). • ST. ANSELM’S ABBEY SCHOOL Rev. Peter Weigand, OSB, Headmaster • 4501 South Dakota Ave., N.E. • Washington, D.C. 20017 www.tckworld.com Phone 202-269-2350 • Brookland/CUA Metro • www.satntnnselms.org

64 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN Ah! DEC EM BER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT study... n A Home Beside the Shore music FN 0* • Private, co-educational prepara • Grades 7-12 • Traditional, structured academic day • Safe, rural campus on Long Island’s North Shore I • Sports, equestrian & performing arts programs g • Friendly, family-type atmosphere • Diverse, international community

SOI D OUT nil 1-1 The Knox School • dance 541 Long Beach Road St. James, NY 11780 Phone:631-584-6562 Fax: 631-584-6566 visual arts [email protected] . www.knoxschool.org theatre arts creative writing at

summer arts camp It's About nem.

Join our close-knit community of 160 students. Campus located in the Hudson Valley just 75 miles from NYC.

• Grades 6-12 • College Preparatory Program • 5- & 7-Day Boarding Options • 8-to-1 Student/Faculty Ratio Oakwood An arts academy for 435 high school students FRIENDS SCHOOL

Poughkeepsie, New York INTERLOCHEN Center for the Arts [email protected] 1-800-843-3341 www.interlochen.org www.oakwoodfriends.org call 231.276.7472

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 65 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Somewhere between A World-Class the ABCs and the SATs, American a well-rounded person emerges. Education with Oregon Episcopal School is well known for its academic excellence. We also focus on creating a supportive environment through a faculty that is exceptionally dedicated European Style and accessible. We invite you to contact us today about preparing for your child’s future.

Leysin American School in Switzerland

G£S • Building a Harmonious Community • Providing an Academic Challenge • Offering a Balanced Educational Program • International w Understanding

Coeducational, boarding, grades 9-12 and PG year. Located in a beautiful 5 & safe Alpine Resort, WASHINGTON INTERNAT above Lake Geneva, close to Montreux, Lausanne, & Geneva Excellent US and International university/college placement >- Pre-K through Grade 12 day school > Bilingual and second language programs in English/French and English/Spanish > Advanced math and science preparation @ > International Baccalaureate Diploma program Leysin American School in > Extended day and summer options Switzerland - US Admissions > Selective, competitive admissions PO Box 7154 (F) Portsmouth, NH 03802 603-431-7654 Fax 603-431-1280 e-mail [email protected] Primary School: Reservoir Road at 36'" Street, NW, Washington, DC 20007 Middle and Upper Schools: 3100 Macomb Street, NW, Washington, DC 20008 Visit Our Website Admissions: (202)243-1815 Fax: (202)243-1807 [email protected] at www.las.ch

66 FOREIGN SERVICE J O U RN AL/DEC EM B ER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Founded in 1881 as a preparatory school for Wellesley College, Dana Hall is an independent, boarding and day school for girls in grades 6-12. Rich in traditions, Dana Hall teaches lifelong learning through a rigorous curriculum within a supportive environment and diverse community. Diplotots Child Development Center services State Department and federal • Advanced Placement employees courses in all disciplines Open 7:00 am.-6:00 Computers, music DANA HALL pm. Mon - Fri appreciation, foreign • Writing and Math Open all year closed languages, and Centers federal holidays. dance. • Riding Center Full-time and Tuition assistance • School of Music drop-in care for available for infants and children. qualified families • Dynamic Visual and Performing Arts Six-weeks-old to kindergarten. CFC (#7861) • Varied and Competitive Athletic Program Contributions and U.S. Department of State, recyclingling fundsf Just 12 miles west of Boston Child Development Center used foror ttuition 2401 E Street, NW 45 Dana Road • Wellesley, MA 02482 Washington, D.C. 20520 assistance (202) 663-3555 781-235-3010 x2202 email: www.danahall.org [email protected] [email protected]

Patterson School, est. in 1909, is a co-educational, col¬ YOUR SCHOOL IN lege preparatory, boarding and day school for grades 7-12, providing students with a total educational experience. The FRANKFURT ■§ family like atmosphere stresses Christian Values, courtesy, integrity and honor. Most graduates attend the college of GERMANY their choice, many on scholarships. The campus provides many opportunities for academic and extra-curricular activ¬ A CHANGING WOULD! ities including hiking, fishing, swimming and horseback riding. ISF is a full-day international school with a Kindergarten, managed by the SAB1S* School Network. We consider ourselves to be a school family, where students leam happily while helping each other to achieve their maximum individual potential. ISF leads to internationally recognized exams.

NSW CAMPUS! The ISF campus comprises state of the art educational and recreational facilities, including an indoor swim¬ ming-pool, tennis courts, a theatre and a two storey □ College Preparatory library. This stimulating environment promotes high

0 Small Classes Lisa Hartley/Admissions levels of achievement, especially in math and lan¬ 0 Language Therapy The Patterson School guages. Visit our website: www.isf-net.de! Program for learning P. O. Box 500 For more information please contact ISF: phone: +49-69-9543190 disabilities Patterson, NC 28661 D Christian and Family Tel. 828 758-2374 Toll Free: 1-800-953-2760 Values Fax 828 758-9179 0 Beautiful campus in Email: [email protected] ISF Internationale Schule NC Foothills www.pattersonschool.org Frankfurt - Rhein - Main

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 67 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

ST. TIMOTHY'S SCHOOL

A boarding and day school for girls

WEST NOTTINGHAM ACADEMY The Oldest Boarding School in America

Founded in 1744 located juot outride of Baltimore, Maryland m (

• Girls, grades 9-PG, boarding & day . > Dynamic dance, visual & performing arts programs J HALLOCK SCHOLARSHIP • Interscholastic athletic & equestrian programs 5 FOR AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE & MILITARY STUDENTS • Extensive social-cultural activities I FULL SCHOURSHIP FOR JUNIOR & SENIOR YEARS • Strong college preparatory curriculum College Preparatoiy • AP courses, Academic Resource Center Coed Boarding & Day Programs lor Upper School • Day Program for Middle School • Highly qualified, dedicated faculty who challenge 5:1 Student:Teacher Ratio • Close-knit Faculty & Student Relationships students in all dimensions of school life Students from 9 Countries & 14 States • AP Courses • 120 Acre Campus Call Heidi K. L. Sprinkle, Director of Admission, 410-658-5556, Ext. 210 Callao at 410.486.7400 90 MINUTES NORTH OF WASHINGTON, D.C. IN COLORA, MARYLAND 8400 Greenspring Avenue • Stevenson, MD 21153 • [email protected] WWW.STTIMOTHYSSCHOOL.COM

Milton Academy 170 Centre Street, Milton, MA 02186 www.milton.edu [email protected] 617-898-2227 OAKLAND SCHOOL A boarding and day school eight miles south of Boston, Milton develops confident, independent For students with learning disabilities and diinkers in a setting where students and faculty alike for those who are below grade level. understand that the life of the mind is the pulse of Ages 8-14 at admission. May remain until age 17. the school. Oakland is a co-ed boarding school with a success oriented program featuring a full curriculum and specializing in teaching reading. It is located on 450 acres with an extensive recreation program and horseback riding.

Oakland School Boyd Tavern Milton’s white fences are not our boundaries. The Keswick, VA 22947 Milton community connects purposefully with die Located near Charlottesville, VA world s events, issues and developments. Students (804) 293-9059 (804) 296-8930 Fax graduate with a clear sense of themselves, their www.oaklandschools.net Oakland also has a summer school and camp. world, and how to contribute. Not appropriate for children with emotional problems.

68 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/DECEMBER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

So why should I choose “Dublin’s smallness an International School makes room for in the Himalayas? greatness.” Woodstock School International Education in the Indian Himalayas since 1854 — Carl Von Merten,), Faculty We offer - An international and “The setting is fantastic! I get multicultural atmosphere to hike, see the country and - An academically rigorous work hands-on with the local K-12 residential education with community.” both American and International accreditation. “I have enjoyed studying - Intensive College Preparation with students from all major which include Advanced world religions.” Placement Exams (APs) - An exciting co-curricular program involving Music, “Woodstock has prepared Outdoor Education and Service us well for Advanced Study • Grades 9-12, college prep Learning opportunities that in the US and UK.” • Day/Boarding School takes advantage of our unique setting. • Student-Teacher Ratio: 6:1 “Its a chance to be • Average Class Sizes: 5-15 7: transformed and to /*o-f transform the world” DUBLIN Woodstock Schoolw Mussoorie Uttaranchal 248179 INDIA Phone:91 (135)632622,632547 Fax:91 (135)630897 DUBLIN SCHOOL, DUBLIN NH, USA SINCE 1936 [email protected] http://www.woodstock.ac.in

One of Canada s finest co-ed independent schools, Rosseau Lake College is proud to offer:

Academic excellence - report cards every 3 weeks Strong supportive school community Average class size of 12 Daily athletics and supervised study periods Challenging outdoor education and international expeditions Rosseau Lake College Gr. 7 to 12, OAC Rosseau, Ontario

705-732-4351 www.rosscaulakecollege.com

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 69 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Washington, D.C. Area

SANDY

SPRING

FRIENDS

SCHOOL

Est. 1865. Coed. Boarding and Day, Enr. 410. Grades FIVE OR SEVEN DAY BOARDING OPTIONS 9-PG. Tuition $29,500 Bdg., $20,500 Day. College GRADES 9 THROUGH 12 Prep. Warm, friendly success-onented environment provides support and challenge to a diverse student

PRE-K THROUGH 12 DAY SCHOOL body representing 30 states and 27 countries. Strong participatory programs in athletics and the arts com¬ plement Advanced Placement and Honors courses, 0 AP COURSES 0 QUALITY FACULTY unique electives, E.S.L. and developmental reading 0 SMALL CLASSES 0 QUAKER VALUES and academic support. Confident, well-rounded col¬ 0 STRONG ARTS, ATHLETICS lege bound graduates. 0 SUMMER FRIENDS CAMPS

16923 NORWOOD ROAD, SANDY SPRING, MD 20860 CUSHING ACADEMY Phone! (301) 774-7455 Fax (301) 924-1115 WWW.SSFS.ORG P.O.BOX 8000 Ashbumham, MA 01430-8000 Tel. (978) 827-7300 www.cushing.org

OLDFIELDS Success Begins Here 1500 GLENCOE ROAD • GLENCOE, MD • (410) 472-4800

• AP classes • 4:1 studenr-to-reacher ratio • Riding program • Outstanding arts program • 185 girls in grades 8-12 • Integrated laptop technology Boys and Girls Army JROTC Beautifully situated on 200 acres, Oldfields School Grades 6-12 College Prep is nationally known for its individualized college preparatory curriculum and warm, supportive Post-graduate SAT/ACT Prep environment. Located 25 miles north of Baltimore, Oldfields has been committed to the Office of Admissions intellectual, ethical, and social development of (877) COMMA 22 girls for 134 years. ® ) Woodstock, Virginia [email protected] 12.md.us www.militaryschool.com www.OldfieldsSchool.org

70 FOREIGN SERVICE J O U RN Ah! D EC EM B ER 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

The Best at Home Girls entering grades 7 to 9 can take the Summer Challenge at Miss Porter’s School the highly prestigious boarding school in the small town atmosphere of the historic district of Farmington, Connecticut.

An academic program featuring mathematics, science and technology. Hands-on investigations of “Where in the Solar System is .. .?” and “Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral?” Also offers athletics and field trips. AT FOXCROIT, young women prepare for college and for life. Students discover and enhance their academic and personal strengths, taking full advantage of an outstanding faculty. Exceptional extracurricular op¬ June 30-July 27, 2002 portunities and nine sports teams including an equestrian team enrich the Foxcroft experience. Our beautiful, safe 500 acre campus is 50 miles For more information, from Washington, D.C. Foreign Service Scholarships are available. call Director Wendy Allerton 860/409-3692. Building confidence through accomplishment Miss Porter’s School FOXCROFT Farmington, CT 06032 SCHOOL www.missporters.org GIRLS, GRADES 9-12 (800)858-2364 BOARDING AND DAY [email protected] MIDDLEBIRG.VA www.foxcroft.org

Fishburne Military School SINCE 1879 Small, Structured, Supportive

Enrollment limited to 200 0 College-prep 0 How-to-study program 0 Active, very structured days $ 9 to 1 student/teacher ratio ® Parental involvement encouraged and facilitated O Summer program available Coding School's HOPE House is a vocationally <$■ All male, grades 8-12 oriented postgraduate residence for young adults with disabilities. The program focuses on increas¬ Fishburne Military School has been providing young ing confidence and independence at home, work, men an excellent college-preparatory education for over 120 years. It's reputation for helping students reach their and in the community. potential in a safe, family-like environment is known world-wide. Located in the small town of Waynesboro, For more information, contact: Having the Virginia, Fishburne attracts students from all over the Opportunity to Janine Brown-Smith United States as well as 17 different countries. Progress through Director of Admissions Experience Lexington, MA 02421 Fishburne Military School Tei. (781) 862-7323 P.0. Box 988 Waynesboro, VA 22980 email: [email protected] 1-800-946-7773 o Tel. 540 946-7703 0 Fax 540-946-7702 web site: www.cotting.org www.fishburne.org 0 email: [email protected]

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 71 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Rock Creek Give your daughter an excellent education at International School Ecole Internationale Rock Creek Miss Porter’s School Escuela Internacional Rock Creek the highly prestigious boarding school Educating children to become world citizens for girls grades 9-12

Miss Porterfsl School offers an outstanding college preparatory education, interscholastic sports, and excellent arts programs in the small town atmosphere of the historic district

of Farmington, Connecticut. RCIS students...

Benefit from an outstanding education Miss Porter’s School and a first-rate technology program Fannington, CT 06032 Belong to an international community Learn in at least two languages (860)409-3530 O Fax (860) 409-3531 Discover talents and interests www.missporters.org Develop social consciousness

Educating girls since 1843 For more information call 202-965-8700 1550 Foxhall Road, N.W. Washington D.C. 20007 WWW.RCIS.ORG

coeducational, Give your child a 'Q. college preparatory BROWNE school enrolls 950 boarding world of possibilities at ^ \ ty and 200 day students in grades 9-12 and post¬ Browne Academy. We're graduate. Dynamic, well-balanced community a multicultural, coeduca¬ serves students from 60 countries and 45 states. tional, independent school located on a beautiful, 11 • 200 academic acre campus just outside courses, includes Alexandria. Browne 24 AP courses • Avg. class size 13 Academy's outstanding > Preschool 3 • 6:1 student to program teacher ratio features: through Grade 8 • 12 study abroad Small classes opportunities yearly »Interdisciplinary Northfield Mount Hermon • 7 languages taught Curriculum School • Individualized A • Diverse Student Body college counseling (Transportation Available Extended Day Program NMH provides focus, opportunity and individual Available CU 1 attention on all fronts - academic, social, artistic and « Summer Camp Program athletic. Head of School Richard W. Mueller NMH ‘62; • Proudly Educating Career Foreign Service, most recently as Consul 9* America's Foreign General to Hong Kong. Service Children

206 Main Street, Northfield, MA 01360 i V- email: [email protected] Call the Admissions office to arrange a tour website: www.nmhschool.org Phone:413-498-3227 5917 Telegraph Road Alexandria, VA 22310 (703) 960-3000 Fax: (703) 960-7325 Accredited by VAIS

72 FOREIGN SERVICE ] O U RN AL / D E C E M B E R 2001 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Success Stories start here.

Consistently ranked as a top school in British Columbia, St. Margaret’s School welcomes students from all over the The Grier School world. We nurture a student's love for learning in a safe and A Boarding School for Girls supportive environment. Give your daughter the comfort of home and the promise of an exceptional university preparation. Find out more at www.stmarg.ca. E-mail: [email protected] URL:http://www.grier.org St. Margaret’s School phone: 814 684 3000 an international non-denominational school for girls

fax: 814 684 2177 1080 Lucas Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, CANADA ° P’>: college-prep academics, athletics, arts, dance, horseback riding www.stmarg.ca Tel: (250) 479-71 7 1 Est. 1908

What You Won’t Read in Foreign Affairs Student Rate S20.

□ YES, The Foreign Service Journal is not your typical foreign policy magazine. SEND THE FOREIGN Why not give a student in your family a chance to read about the SERVICE JOURNAL to a student wide variety of issues that confront members of today’s foreign I know. (Mail this coupon to the service. Some are new and relate to our high-tech society, others AFSA address below)

are evergreen, but never-the-less significantly impact upon Name of Student: career and family. Address:

Recent topics for special issues include: City State. •* Hot new ideas for dragging the State Department into Zip code the 21st century: Which will fly and which won t? Daytime Phone number: America s split personality on immigration: why policy doesn t make sense. Email Address: Why contact with extra-terrestrial intelligence would be the ultimate diplomatic challenge ✓ For subscription information: FSJ, 2101 E. Street, N.W., FQREIGNQERVICE Washington, DC 20037 I. J O U R N A L k_/ Phone: (202) 944-5507 Email: [email protected]

DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 73 SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT

Kimball Union Academy - \ THE Our Mission is to discover VANGUARD with each student the right path SCHOOL to academic mastery, to creativity Lake Wales, Florida

and to responsibility. Where youngsters with learning problems become young adults of promise!

Offering Grades 5-13 Coeducational Boarding & Day School Individualized Instruction and Programming Recreational Program Clubs Social Activities Post-Secondary Planning and ACT Testing Interscholastic and Intramural Sports Fully Accredited Program

Phone: 863-676-6091 FAX: 863-676-8297 “A balance of programs that is a model for New England boarding schools." E-mail: [email protected] Kimball Union Academy, PO Box 188, Meriden, NH 03770 Web Page: http://www.vanguardschool.org Telephone: 603-469-2100 Fax: 603-469-2041 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.kua.org Non-discriminatory Admission Policy

ST. JOHNSBURY, VERMONT .25? EST. 1842

MUNICH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL E.V.

DIVERSE St.Johnsbury Academy is a coedu¬ cational boarding and day school for DEMANDING students in grades 9-12 and PG. AS THE PRODUCT OF AN ACCREDITED SCHOOL (ECIS AND NEASC) Our unusually broad curriculum WITH AN INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION FOR DEMANDING STANDARDS, includes nearly 200 offerings and MIS GRADUATES ARE ACCEPTED BY 12 Advanced Placement courses. THE VERY BEST COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN THE WORLD... St.Johnsbury is a traditional small town set in one of the most beautiful and unspoiled corners of New England.

Call us at 802.751.2130 or visit us on the web at www.stj.k12.vt.us ... FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT THE ADMISSIONS DIRECTOR AT SCHLOSS BUCHHOF • D-82319 STARNBERG • GERMANY 1000 Main Street, St.Johnsbury, VT 05819 PHONE 08151/366-120 ■ FAX 08151/366-129 E-MAIL: [email protected] • www.mis-miinich.de

74 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN AL/DEC EM B ER 2001 FROM THE SIMUNEK TEAM OF LONG AND FOSTER REALTY INSTRUCTIONS: REMOVE FROM JOURNAL, DISPLAY IN WINDOW REAL ESTATE

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DECEMBER 2001/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 79 POSTCARD FROM ARROAD China’s Dog Days

BY STEVEN KNIPP

Under Mao, they would have leash, the combined yelping, bark¬ been shot on sight, their distraught Since ancient ing and howling reaches a crescen¬ families forced to pay for the bullet. do. After days, weeks and perhaps Even today, in more sensible times, times the Chinese even months being kept in a hard, thousands must stay hidden from dirt-floored cage with no other dis¬ the authorities, while others are have had a traction save the movement of the forced to live their days in a clouds overhead, here is a rare cramped and dusty prison in a sub¬ love-hate affair chance for 10 minutes of escape. urb of Beijing. The beagle I chose bounded out Since ancient times the Chinese with man's best of his cage, dragging me behind. have had a love-hate affair with His destination: a grassy knoll man’s best friend. In centuries past, friend. under the shade of a big oak tree. China’s ruling class kept exquisitely As soon as he reached it, he shampooed lapdogs like the famous dropped on his back and rolled over silky-haired Pekingese favored by in the dark grass, chewing, tearing the Empress Dowager Ci Xi. But and savoring its cool green softness. when the communists took over in Barking in delight, and egged on by 1949, it was decreed that all dogs in the bellowing of his cellmates — China would face the firing squad. who watched wide-eyed from their In a land where a million peasants highway which leads to the Ming cages — he then spent the whole 10 were starving, dogs were con¬ Tombs, is the “Dog Loving Park.” minutes playing in the grass. demned for consuming scarce food. Nearly 300 dogs of 20 species are When the time came to return to But with China’s ongoing eco¬ on display here, including every¬ his cell, the feisty little hound refused nomic boom, canines are now being thing from chirpy little Mexican to surrender his brief freedom will¬ allowed out of the doghouse. Chihuahuas to big burly white-coat¬ ingly, and had to be dragged back. Owning a dog in urban China has ed St. Bernards. After seeing the gate slammed shut become a popular status symbol, The highlight for Chinese visi¬ behind him, and the other dogs akin to packing a portable phone or tors to the park is an opportunity to watching carefully for any subde sign driving your own car. And few walk a dog for 10 minutes. For this, from me that another of them might places in China quite capture the you must pay an additional two be chosen for a walk, I seriously con¬ mixed feelings the average Chinese yuan (about 30 U.S. cents) on top of sidered returning to the Dog Loving has about dogs better than the the 20-yuan entrance fee. There is Park under cover of darkness to orga¬ bizarre “dog-only” zoo north of also a 50-yuan deposit fee. nize a Canine Great Escape. Beijing. As a visitor approaches the cage The discovery of any of the dogs Here, on the grounds of an aban¬ where the smaller breeds are outside the park would have meant doned amusement park, off a dusty housed — lively little beagles, gen¬ certain death for them, of course. tle, sad-eyed spaniels, dapper But I knew in my heart there wasn’t Steve Knipp is a freelance writer. dachshunds and proud terriers — a hound on the ground at the Dog The stamp is courtesy of the AAFSW all hell breaks loose. As the visitor Loving Park who wouldn’t have

Bookfair “Stamp Corner. ” nears the fence, carrying a choker taken his chances. ■

80 FOREIGN SERVICE J OV RNAUDEC EM BER 2 1)01 If this is your

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