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Nediscriminarea În Educație

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Nediscriminarea În Educație ©Centrul de Resurse Juridice București, ianuarie 2020 Nediscriminarea în educație O analiză a situației actuale din perspectiva nediscriminării în mai multe sectoare ale sistemului educațional românesc Coordonatoare: Cezara David Autori: Simona Barbu, capitolul 3 Alexandra Columban, capitolul 2 Cezara David, capitolele 1, 5 și 6 Dani Prisacariu, capitolul 4 Document realizat în cadrul proiectul PROGRES – Politici publice responsabile = Guvernare responsabilă, Cod SIPOCA: 142, Cod MySMIS2014: 112374. Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul Social European, prin Programul Operațional Capacitate Administrativă 2014- 2020, CP2/2017 – Creșterea capacității ONG-urilor și a partenerilor sociali de a formula politici publice alternative. Conținutul acestui material nu reprezintă în mod obligatoriu poziția oficială a Uniunii Europene sau a Guvernului României. Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul Social European, prin Programul Operațional Capacitate Administrativă 2014-2020 Cuprins Introducere ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Sumar executiv – obiectivele analizei și principalele elemente abordate în fiecare capitol ............... 5 Metodologie de lucru ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Capitolul 1: Scurtă introducere privind legislația în domeniul nediscriminării în educație .............. 9 Capitolul 2: Egalitatea de gen în sistemul educațional românesc ............................................................... 14 2.1 Introducere ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.1.1 Egalitate de gen și egalitate de șanse. Definiții ................................................................................... 15 2.1.2. Egalitatea și paritatea de gen în cifre ..................................................................................................... 16 2.1.3. Dimensiunea de gen (sau lipsa acesteia) în politicile publice naționale ................................. 18 2.1.4. Discriminarea de gen în educație ............................................................................................................ 21 2.2. Egalitatea de gen în școala românească. Programe și discipline școlare, activități extracurriculare. .............................................................................................................................................................. 24 2.2.1. Limba și literatura română ........................................................................................................................ 24 2.2.2. Istorie .................................................................................................................................................................. 30 2.2.3. Educație socială .............................................................................................................................................. 33 2.2.4. Educație pentru sănătate ............................................................................................................................ 37 2.2.5. Activități extracurriculare .......................................................................................................................... 38 2.3. Formarea cadrelor didactice .............................................................................................................................. 40 2.3.1. Modulul psihopedagogic și formarea inițială a viitoarelor cadre didactice .......................... 40 2.3.2. Formarea continuă a cadrelor didactice ............................................................................................... 42 2.3.3. Consecințele marginalizării egalității de gen în formarea profesorilor .................................. 44 2.4. Concluzii și recomandări ..................................................................................................................................... 48 Capitolul 3: Copiii romi - (ne)discriminare și incluziune în sistemul educațional românesc ......... 54 3.1. Introducere .................................................................................................................................................... 54 3.2. Situația educației copiilor romi în România ..................................................................................... 55 3.3. Cadrul legislativ –politici educaționale privind incluziunea copiilor romi în sistemul educațional și accesul la învățământ de calitate ........................................................................................... 56 3.4 Elemente din programele și manualele școlare privind minoritatea romă ................................ 58 3.4.1. Programele școlare ................................................................................................................................ 58 3.4.2 Manualele școlare ................................................................................................................................... 61 3.5. Formarea cadrelor didactice ................................................................................................................... 64 3.5.1 Formarea cadrelor didactice privind elementele culturii romani și principiile şcolii incluzive ......................................................................................................................................................................... 64 3.5.2 Formarea și angajarea de resurse umane rome în sistemul educațional ........................ 68 3.6. Segregarea și excluziunea copiilor romi în învățământul românesc ..................................... 71 1 3.6.1 Definirea segregării și date generale .............................................................................................. 71 3.6.2. Factori care influențează segregarea și excluderea copiilor romi din sistemul educațional.................................................................................................................................................................... 72 3.6.2.1 Atitudini față de elevii romi la școală ............................................................................................. 72 3.6.2.2 Lipsa datelor, a monitorizării segregării și a implementării legislației ............................ 74 3.6.3 Măsuri (fragmentate) de sprijin ....................................................................................................... 79 3.7. Concluzii și recomandări .......................................................................................................................... 82 Capitolul 4: Tinerii LGBTI în sistemul educațional românesc ...................................................................... 86 4.1 Introducere .................................................................................................................................................... 86 4.1.1 Identități și realități LGBTI. Definiții............................................................................................... 86 4.2 Cadrul național ............................................................................................................................................. 89 4.2.1 Studii despre percepțiile românilor despre homosexualitate.............................................. 89 4.3 Cadrul european ........................................................................................................................................... 90 4.3.1 Recomandarea CM Rec (2010)5 a Comitetului de Miniștri al Consiliului Europei .......... 91 4.3.2 Recomandări ale Adunării Parlamentare a Consiliului Europei.......................................... 92 4.3.3 Apelul la acțiune UNESCO cu privire la educație incluzivă și echitabilă pentru toți elevii, într-un mediu liber de discriminare și violență ............................................................................... 92 4.3.4 EU LGBT survey - European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender survey - Agenția pentru Drepturi Fundamentale a Uniunii Europene (FRA) ..................................................... 93 4.3.5 ”În siguranță la școală: Răspunsuri ale sectorului educațional la violența bazată pe orientare sexuala, identitate și expresie de gen sau caracteristici sexuale în Europa” ................. 94 4.4 Realitățile din școlile românești ............................................................................................................ 95 4.4.1 Cazuri mediatizate ce implicau tematica LGBTI în sistemul educațional din România 97 4.4.2 Includerea temelor LGBTI în curriculumul școlar ................................................................. 103 4.4.3 Formarea cadrelor didactice ........................................................................................................... 106 4.5 Concluzii și recomandări ....................................................................................................................... 110 Capitolul 5. Bune practici și resurse pentru educație din perspectiva nediscriminării ................. 112 Capitolul 6: Concluzii și plan de măsuri propuse pentru abordarea integratoare (mainstreaming- ul) nediscriminării în sistemul educațional românesc ................................................................................
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