Status of Solar Thermal Seasonal Storage in Germany
Solar District Heating with Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage in Germany
Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Pauschinger
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de
Meitnerstr. 8 70563 Stuttgart, Germany www.solites.de
Solar District Heating with Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage
• Introduction • National research programmes • Pilot plants
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Solites - Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems
Member of the Steinbeis Foundation: • turnover in 2010 over 100 Mio Euro • technology transfer, consultancy and research
• Concept- and project development of sustainable energy supply systems
(heat, cold and electricity, high reduction of CO2-emissions) • Comprehensive energy concepts for buildings (adjustment of architectural concept, thermal insulation, building services and RES) • Advisor to different ministries and international organisations (IEA/ OECD, EU, GER) (R&D for large scale solar thermal systems, STES and RES) • Surveyor for large scale solar thermal systems with STES • Chairman of the German experts group on seasonal thermal energy Storage • Member of several international experts groups (R&D for large scale solar thermal systems, STES and RES)
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Background of scientific R+D
• 1992 – 2003: Solarthermie-2000 – Part 3 part 3: Central Solar Heating Plants with Seasonal Storage (CSHPSS) • Development of seasonal storage concepts • Realisation of eight pilot plants
• 2004 - 2008: Solarthermie2000plus one central point: Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage (STES) for: • solar • waste heat • cooling • combined heating & cooling • CHP, biomass • etc.
• Since 2009: R+D programme for solar thermal systems and storages
-> Fundamental: Funding of ca. 50 % of investment costs for solar system
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de System concept of a central solar heating plant with seasonal storage
Target: solar fraction of total heat demand: 50 %
Solar collectors
Central heating plant
District heating Solar network network Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES)
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de CSHPSS in Hamburg, 1996
(Source: Gockell)
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Solar fraction: Solar fractions of solar thermal systems 7 – 10 % 15 – 20 %
~ 50 %
Solar irradiation
Total heat
demand Heat amount Heat
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Domestic hot water system (100 % solar in summer) Central Solar Heating Plant with Seasonal Storage Combisystem (hot water and space heating)
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage (STES) – Concepts
Tank thermal energy storage (TTES) Pit thermal energy storage (PTES) (60 to 80 kWh/m³) (60 to 80 kWh/m³)
Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) (15 to 30 kWh/m³) (30 to 40 kWh/m³)
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de The pilot plants from the programs Solarthermie-2000 / 2000plus (1)
Hamburg (1996) Friedrichshafen 3.000 m² FPC (1996) 4.500 m³ 4.050 m² FPC Tank 12.000 m³ Tank
Neckarsulm (1997) Steinfurt (1998) 5.300 m² FPC 510 m² FPC 63.300 m³ 1.500 m³ BTES Pit
Rostock (2000) Hannover (2000) 1.000 m² FPC 1.350 m² FPC 20.000 m³ 2.750 m³ ATES Tank
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de The pilot plants from the programs Solarthermie-2000 / 2000plus (2)
Chemnitz, 1st CS Attenkirchen (2002) (2000) 800 m² FPC 540 m² VTC 500 + 9.350 m³ 8.000 m³ Tank + BTES Pit
Munich (2007) Crailsheim (2008) 2.900 m² FPC 5.300 m² FPC 100 m³ + 480 m³ 5.700 m³ Buffer Tanks Tank 37.500 m³ BTES
Eggenstein (2008) 1.600 m² FPC 4.500 m³ Pit
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de The CSHPSS in Munich: installation of solar collectors, 2007
Start of operation: 2007
24.800 m² heated area (2.300 MWh/a) 2.900 m² solar collectors 5.700 m³ tank Solar fraction: 47 %*
*simulation results ZAE
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Site plan
solar collectors on buildings
buildings without solar collectors
thermal energy storage
central heat transfer substations heating in buildings plant
solar network local heat distribution network
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Construction of the seasonal heat storage in Munich, 5700 m³, 2007
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de The CSHPSS in Crailsheim
service area: 260 apartments, school, gym. STES: 37.500 m³ (BTES) heat demand: 4.100 MWh/year el. heat pump: 530 kW solar collectors: 7.300 m² (aperture) solar fraction: 50 % (design) buffer storage: 100 + 480 m³ (water tank) solar heat cost: 19 Euro-Cent/kWh
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Solar collector fields in Crailsheim
(Source: Stadtwerke Crailsheim)
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de BTES in Crailsheim, 37.500 m³, 2008
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Investment cost of seasonal thermal energy storages
500 Ilmenau Crailsheim realised Aquifer 450 study Rottweil Tanks Steinfurt Pits 400 (K/W) BTES ATES 350 Kettmann- 300 hausen
Hanover 250 Stuttgart
Hamburg 200 (HW) Bielefeld
Eggenstein Berlin-Biesdorf 150 Munich
Chemnitz 100 Friedrichshafen (K/W) Neckarsulm (HW)
Investment costper m³ water equivalent [€/m³] (1. phase) Potsdam 50 Rostock Crailsheim Aquifer 0 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Storage volume in water equivalent [m³]
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Economics of solar thermal systems
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Outlook: R&D-targets for STES
• Materials and wall constructions for combined thermal and pressure stress (>100 C water / steam) • Two fields of developments: • Large scale storages above 1.000 m³ • Buffer storages between 100 und 500 m³. • Improved reliability of storages • Multi-functionality (heat sources, long-term / short-term etc.) • Optimisation on total system level • Comprehensive design and realisation process
Target 2020: The first technologies of seasonal thermal energy storage for high solar fractions and excess heat storage are ready for the market.
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de Contact and Support
Project website: www.solar-district-heating.eu
Coordinator: Solites Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems
Dipl.- Ing. Thomas Pauschinger [email protected]
Supported by:
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the funding authorities. The funding authorities are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de