Executive Summary

2015 Updating and Screening Assessment for Gateshead Council

In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

Date: June 2015

Gateshead Council ______

Local Authority Paul Christer Officer

Department Development and Public Protection Gateshead Council, Civic Centre, Regent Address Street, Gateshead, NE8 1HH Telephone 0191 433 3922 e-mail [email protected]

Report Reference Gateshead USA 2015 number Date June 2015

______LAQM USA 2015 2 Gateshead Council ______

Executive Summary

Gateshead Council’s Updating and Screening Assessment 2015 has found that there are no new developments or changes in existing pollutant sources which may have a significant impact on pollutant concentrations in Gateshead.

All of the air quality objectives in the Governments National Air Quality Strategy 2007 are met for all of the relevant pollutants, namely benzene, 1-3 Butadiene, Carbon Monoxide, Lead, Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2) and importantly PM10 (Particulate Matter less than 10 Microns) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) including within the town centre Air Quality Management Area (AQMA).

NO2 concentrations in 2014 measured by real time automatic monitoring equipment and manual diffusion tube monitoring remain below the Air Quality Objective annual mean concentration of 40μg/m3 and hourly average of 200μg/m3 with the national bias figure applied. Application of the locally determined bias figure also brings all monitoring sites below the AQO levels.

Concentrations of NO2 have again fallen this year at the Melbourne Court monitoring location which typically presents the worst case scenario for poor air quality in Gateshead indicating a continuing downward trend. It would though be unwise to suggest the revocation of the Town Centre AQMA at this point as there is still the potential for concentrations to fluctuate year on year. It would be necessary to demonstrate consistent compliance with the AQO over a number of years before any thought could be given to revocation. The installation of the infrastructure (pipework & cabling) supporting the Town Centre Energy Centre may require some restriction upon traffic flows in the short term around the town centre and this may again affect annual NO2 concentrations

The Updating and Screening Assessment 2015 has not identified a need to proceed to a detailed Assessment for any pollutant, or any need for additional monitoring, or changes to the existing monitoring programme.

Monitoring of both Nitrogen Dioxide and PM2.5 will continue at the automatic sites. There are no proposals to consider revocation of the AQMA as yet as NO2 levels are prone to fluctuation year on year.

______LAQM USA 2015 3 Gateshead Council ______

Table of contents

1 Introduction ...... 7 1.1 Air Quality & Health ...... 7 1.2 Description of Local Authority Area ...... 7 1.3 Purpose of Report ...... 9 1.4 Air Quality Objectives ...... 9 1.5 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments ...... 11 Table 2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments ...... 11 2 New Monitoring Data ...... 16 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 16 2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 16 2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 20 2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives ...... 23 2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide ...... 23

2.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 32 2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide...... 34 2.2.4 Benzene ...... 34 2.2.5 Other pollutants monitored ...... 34 2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives ...... 38 3 Road Traffic Sources ...... 39 3.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb ...... 39 3.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic ...... 39 3.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs...... 39 3.4 Junctions ...... 39 3.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment ...... 40 3.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows ...... 41 3.7 Bus and Coach Stations ...... 41 4 Other Transport Sources ...... 42 4.1 Airports ...... 42 4.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains) ...... 42 4.2.1 Stationary Trains ...... 42 4.2.2 Moving Trains ...... 42 4.3 Ports (Shipping) ...... 42 5 Industrial Sources ...... 43 5.1 Industrial Installations ...... 43 5.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been Carried Out ...... 43

______LAQM USA 2015 4 Gateshead Council ______

5.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions have Increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has been introduced ...... 43 5.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment ...... 43 5.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots ...... 44 5.3 Petrol Stations...... 44 5.4 Poultry Farms...... 44 6 Commercial and Domestic Sources ...... 45 6.1 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations ...... 45 6.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts ...... 46 6.3 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning ...... 46 7 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources ...... 47 8 Conclusions and Proposed Actions ...... 48 8.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data ...... 48 8.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources ...... 48 8.3 Proposed Actions ...... 48 9 References ...... 49

List of Tables Table 1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England Table 2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments Table 3 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Table 4 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Table 5 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Table 6 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective

Table 7 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2014

Table 8 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes (2010 to 2014)

Table 9 Historical Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Table 10 Historical Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective Table 11 Results of PM2.5 monitoring 2014 Table 12 Results of PM2.5 monitoring 2012 - 2014 Table 13 Biomass Plant Details

______LAQM USA 2015 5 Gateshead Council ______

List of Figures Figure 1 Map of the North East Region Figure 2 Map of Gateshead Town Centre AQMA Boundaries and Monitoring Locations Figure 3 Map of A1 Dunston Monitoring Location Figure 4 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations - Lychgate Court Automatic Monitoring Site Figure 5 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations - Bottle Bank Automatic Monitoring Site Figure 6 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations - A1 Dunston Automatic Monitoring Site

Figure 7 Trend chart providing NO2 annual mean results over the past 9 years. Figure 8 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites

Appendices

Appendix A Monthly NO2 Diffusion Tube Results 2014

Appendix B QA:QC Data

Appendix C AEA DifTPAB v04 spreadsheet Checking Precision and Accuracy of Triplicate Tubes – Lychgate Court, Bottle Bank, A1 Dunston

______LAQM USA 2015 6 Gateshead Council ______

1 Introduction 1.1 Air Quality & Health

Poor air quality is a significant risk to public health and is estimated to contribute up to 200,000 premature deaths nationally per year. It is the third largest contributor to premature deaths in the UK. This is not acceptable and more needs to be done locally and nationally to prevent this.

Air pollution began to have an impact on the health of the population from the start of the industrial revolution due to our increasing need for energy and reliance on the burning of fossil fuels.

The resulting smoke from the burning of fossil fuels coupled with poor weather conditions often resulted in urban smogs. Particularly serious smogs in the 1950s and 60s caused thousands of premature deaths and resulted in public outcry and decisive government action to control air pollution.

The Government introduced the first Clean Air Act in 1956 and in 1961 it introduced the National Survey. This was the world's first coordinated national air pollution monitoring network. It monitored black smoke and sulphur dioxide at around 1200 sites in the UK.

Within the UK and Europe, focus has shifted to the monitoring of pollutants generated (directly or indirectly) from vehicular emissions, which include ozone, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter.

Progressively the pollutants that we monitor in Gateshead have changed but the damage that they cause to public health has not. Improving air quality in Gateshead can have one of the single greatest impacts on health improvement. Air quality must therefore be considered and dealt with as a public health priority.

1.2 Description of Local Authority Area

Gateshead is a unitary authority with a population of just over 200,000 in the heart of North East England, bordering the cities of Newcastle and Sunderland and the unitary authorities of South Tyneside, Northumberland and Durham (see Figure 1). Covering 142 square kilometres and stretching 21 kilometres along the south bank of the River Tyne it is the largest of the Tyneside Districts, with a mix of large urban and rural areas. Over half of the borough is classed as green belt or countryside but most of this is located away from built up Tyneside in the South and West of the Borough.

A substantial road and rail network covers the region which includes the A1(M) at Portobello, Birtley and the A1, which passes Intu Metrocentre, one of the largest out of town retail and leisure complexes in Europe. This section of the A1 is the third most congested stretch of major road in the UK. A

______LAQM USA 2015 7 Gateshead Council ______comprehensive network of bus services and regional and national rail systems operate within the Gateshead area, as well as a Metro light rail network. There are rail and road bridge crossings over the River Tyne, with the roads suffering high traffic flows and congestion particularly the Tyne and Redheugh Bridges.

As with most areas in the UK, heavy industry has virtually disappeared. There are though a total of 90 industrial processes registered under the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010, 20 Part A1’s, 3 Part A2s, and 69 Part Bs.

There are significant areas of deprivation within the borough and overall the area has one of the poorest health profiles in the country. Based on 2009 – 11 life expectancy data, men can expect to live 8.3 years longer and women 9.7 years longer in the most affluent part of Gateshead than those in the poorest. The distance between these two areas is less than 5 miles.

The Trinity Square area of Gateshead town centre has recently been completely redeveloped. The controversial brutalist concrete ‘Get Carter’ car park designed by Owen Luder, CBE and constructed in the 1960s has been demolished along with the oldest Tesco store in the country.

Most of the major construction works for the new development were completed in the summer of 2013. The new development hosts a large supermarket, car parking, around 40 retail units of varying sizes including restaurants and cafes, a cinema and accommodation for approximately 1000 students which will be occupied from autumn 2014.

This redevelopment has taken place centrally within the Town Centre Air Quality Management Area (AQMA). The AQMA was declared in April 2005 and included much of the town centre, for exceedences of the Nitrogen Dioxide mean annual average air quality objective notably from road traffic on the Tyne Bridge approach roads. It was amended to include a southward extension along the A167 road in April 2008.

Based on recent census data, it is estimated that the number of residents within the AQMA is in the region of 1900, this is expected to increase by around 1000 when the student accommodation is completed and occupied.

______LAQM USA 2015 8 Gateshead Council ______

Figure 1 Map of the North East Region

1.3 Purpose of Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedances are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

The objective of this Updating and Screening Assessment is to identify any matters that have changed which may lead to risk of an air quality objective being exceeded. A checklist approach and screening tools are used to identify significant new sources or changes and whether there is a need for a Detailed Assessment. The USA report should provide an update of any outstanding information requested previously in Review and Assessment reports.

1.4 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1 This table shows the objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre g/m3 (milligrams per cubic metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedances in each year that are permitted (where applicable).

______LAQM USA 2015 9 Gateshead Council ______

Table 1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England Air Quality Objective Date to be Pollutant Concentration Measured as achieved by 16.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003 Benzene 5.00 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2010 1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003 Carbon monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 Running 8-hour mean 31.12.2003 0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Lead 0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 1-hour mean 31.12.2005 Nitrogen dioxide times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 Particles (PM10) (gravimetric) times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 24 1-hour mean 31.12.2004 times a year 125 µg/m3, not to be Sulphur dioxide exceeded more than 3 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 15-minute mean 31.12.2005 times a year

______LAQM USA 2015 10 Gateshead Council ______

1.5 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Table 2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

R&A Round Stage/Report Outcome/Comment Date

April 1999 1 R&A Stage 1 Tyne & Wear Proceeded to Stage 3 for all pollutants except 1-3 butadiene

November 2000 1 R&A Stage 3 Gateshead No exceedances of any of 6 pollutants investigated, therefore no AQMA’s

Exceedances of annual mean objective for NO2 at 2 busy road junctions predicted by May 2003 2 Updating & Screening Assessment DMRB modelling. Proceeded to DA for NO2. Further investigations required for benzene - reported in 2005 Progress Report

AQMA required due to slight exceedances of NO2 annual mean objective at Trinity January 2005 2 Detailed Assessment of NO 2 Court in town centre (junction of A167 & A184)

April 2005 2 Air Quality Management Order AQMA declared for whole of Gateshead Town Centre

Benzene & PM10 assessed - AQO’s found to be achieved at all relevant locations. April 2005 2 Annual Progress Report Ref made to DA for NO2. No further NO2 hotspots identified

AQMA declared for NO2 found to still be justified, with no need to amend AQO March 2006 2 Further Detailed Assessment exceedances areas

______LAQM USA 2015 11 Gateshead Council ______AQO’s found to be achieved for all pollutants, except for annual mean NO2 - 3 exceedances found at locations outside of existing AQMA - one south of AQMA on April 2006 3 Updating & Screening Assessment A167, and 2 in Birtley.

Detailed Assessment of NO2 for Town AQMA as declared found still be justified. AQMA’s also found to be required at A167 April 2007 3 Centre AQMA & Portobello Durham/Dryden Road junction, south of AQMA, and at Portobello, Birtley

January 2008 2 Air Quality Action Plan For Town Centre AQMA

Variation Order to extend existing Town Centre AQMA southwards along A167 to April 2008 3 Air Quality Management Orders include Durham/Dryden Road junction. AQMA declared for Portobello Terrace, Birtley.

AQO’s found to be achieved for all pollutants, except for annual mean NO2 - Ref April 2008 3 Annual Progress Report made to DA, Further DA and AQAP

April 2009 3 Further Detailed Assessment of NO2 Extension to Town Centre AQMA, and declaration of Portobello AQMA confirmed

A few exceedances of annual mean NO2 AQO found within Town Centre AQMA only. April 2009 4 Updating & Screening Assessment None at Portobello, but AQMA not revoked. No exceedances of any of the other

AQO’s, therefore DA not required for any pollutant.

A few exceedances of annual mean NO2 AQO found within Town Centre AQMA only. April 2010 Annual Progress Report & 4 No exceedances of any of the other AQO’s, therefore DA not required for any AQMA Action Plan Update pollutant.

Annual Progress Report April 2011 4 All Air Quality Objectives met Including NO2 in town centre AQMA. 3rd consecutive

year of NO2 reduction in Portobello AQMA. May 2011 4 Detailed Assessment of NO2 (resubmitted For Portobello, with a view to revocation of AQMA, due to no exceedances of NO2

______LAQM USA 2015 12 Gateshead Council ______October 2011) AQO for 2 years, & downward trend in NO2 concentrations over 3 years. Document revised and resubmitted in October 2011 to demonstrate minimum data capture rate of 75%.

April 2012 5 Updating & Screening Assessment All Air Quality Objectives met Including NO2 in town centre AQMA.

One exceedance of NO annual mean concentration in Town Centre AQMA. All Air April 2013 5 Annual Progress Report 2 Quality Objectives met outside of Town Centre AQMA.

NO2 levels below the annual mean objective level within the AQMA and no April 2014 5 Annual Progress Report exceedances of the annual mean objective level outside of the AQMA.

These reports can all be found on Gateshead Council’s Air Quality page.

______LAQM USA 2015 13 Gateshead Council ______

1.6 Failure to comply with Air Quality Directives

The European Commission has formally launched infraction proceedings against the UK for breach of nitrogen dioxide limit values under the EU Air Quality Directive. The Commission has formally written to the UK under article 258 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. This is the first stage of an infraction process. Depending on the UK’s response the Commission may move to the next stage of the infraction process and issue something called a “reasoned opinion”. The UK would then have 2 months to respond to that before the case may be referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The CJEU would then consider the case and all the arguments and decide on the course of action. If the CJEU decides that the UK is in breach of its obligations then it will make a judgment to that effect. The Commission may then bring a further action to the CJEU for it to set fines should the UK fail to comply with the judgment.

This process may take several years to complete. Throughout the focus is for all parties to work together to try to ensure compliance as soon as possible. To this end the Commission has stated that it would like “to achieve full compliance with existing air quality standards by 2020 at the latest”.

Air quality has improved significantly in recent decades. However, meeting nitrogen dioxide limit values alongside busy roads in urban areas continues to be a significant challenge for the UK and for most other Member States. The Government is committed to working towards full compliance with the Air Quality Directive and we will be working with the Commission to ensure compliance in the shortest possible time.

Local authorities have already done much to help improve air quality: not just to comply with legal duties for air quality management - especially action planning - but also because it appreciates the local public health benefits.

The UK Government is responsible for ensuring compliance with EU air quality obligations, although local authorities do play an important role in managing local air quality at a micro level. There is though a risk that local authorities will be required by central government to pay part or all of any infraction fines by virtue of the discretionary power in Part 2 of the Localism Act. This is a powerful incentive locally to ensure that everything that can be done, is done to improve air quality in Gateshead.

1.7 The INSPIRE Directive 2007 and INSPIRE Regulations 2009 and 2012

European Directive 2007/2/EC or 'INSPIRE' establishes an infrastructure for the provision of spatial information in the European Union. The Directive was transposed into UK law in December 2009 by the INSPIRE Regulations 2009 which were subsequently amended in 2012.

______LAQM USA 2015 14 Gateshead Council ______

Under the Regulations Gateshead Council are required to provide spatial data on Air Quality at a local level to Government.

______LAQM USA 2015 15 Gateshead Council ______2 New Monitoring Data 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

This report provides a summary of all of the monitoring data for 2014 which has been obtained either from an automatic monitoring station or through Non-Automatic Monitoring methods using NO2 Diffusion Tubes. The data is provided in a format suitable for comparison with the relevant Air Quality Objectives.

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

During 2014 Gateshead Council continued to measure nitrogen dioxide concentrations using real-time chemiluminescent monitors at three roadside sites. Two of these were within the Town Centre AQMA (Lychgate and Bottle Bank) and one on the A1 South slip road at Dunston. Details of the three sites can be found in Table 3. Their locations within the borough are shown in Figs 2 & 3. All of the sites are roadside and situated closer to the road traffic pollution source than the nearest relevant receptors which are residential properties.

Gateshead Council has continued to measure PM2.5 rather than PM10 concentrations using TEOM samplers at Lychgate Court and at the A1 Dunston site. This report provides the third round of annual data for PM2.5 at the two locations.

QA/QC procedures for automatic monitoring are outlined in Appendix B.

______LAQM USA 2015 16 Gateshead Council ______Figure 2 - Map of Gateshead Town Centre AQMA Boundaries and Monitoring Locations

Monitoring: Automatic monitor & Triplicate tubes Diffusion Tube

______LAQM USA 2015 17 Gateshead Council ______Figure 3 - Map of A1 Dunston Monitoring Location

Dunston

AQ Unit

Monitoring:

Automatic monitoring station (with triplicate tubes) Diffusion Tube monitoring Site

______LAQM USA 2015 18 Gateshead Council ______Table 3 - Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Relevant Does this Exposure? Distance Inlet location OS Grid Pollutants In (Y/N with distance to kerb of Site Name Site Type Monitoring Height represent Summary Ref Monitored AQMA? (m) from nearest Technique (m) worst-case monitoring site to road (m) exposure? relevant exposure) PM monitoring ceased Chemilum- 10 Roadside NO 2.6 Y Y (6m) 7m Y 30.05.2011 2 inescent Lychgate X 425912 Court Y 563108 PM2.5 commenced PM2.5 TEOM 2.8 01.06.2011

Remains unchanged Hill Street, X 428265 Roadside Chemilum- 1.8 Y Y (8m) 2.5m Y Bottle Bank Y 554970 NO 2 inescent PM monitoring ceased NO Chemilum- 10 Roadside 2 2.6 N N (16M) 9m Y 31.03.2011 inescent X 422510 A1 Dunston Y 561928 PM2.5 commenced PM2.5 TEOM 2.8 01.04.2011

______LAQM USA 2015 19 Gateshead Council ______

2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Monthly average nitrogen dioxide concentrations are measured at a large number of sites in Gateshead using passive diffusion tubes. The current monitoring sites are detailed in Table 4. Monitoring sites in the AQMA and the A1 Dunston site are shown in Figures 2 & 3. Most of the sites are located roadside, and represent residential exposure. The majority of the tubes are located on the property façade of the nearest relevant receptors, or are sets of triplicate tubes co-located with automatic monitors.

All of the monitoring sites exceeded the 75% data capture requirement and therefore negate the requirement to calculate annualised data (TG 09 section 3 Box 3.1). One diffusion tube was discontinued for 2014. G59, at Peareth Court, measured 31.8 µg/m3 in 2013 and consistently read lower than the adjacent G2 site at Priory Court. It was therefore removed from the survey.

Four tubes were introduced into the survey in 2014, all as a result of extra monitoring required around the A1 improvement scheme. They were G89 Skipper Close, G90 Lobley Hill Road, G91 Holmside Avenue, and G92 Broadmeadow.

Two other tubes were introduced during this year, G93 Parkway and G94 High Street North. Both tubes are sited on routes travelled by local buses recently retro-fitted with low NOx exhaust systems.

The full data set of results (monthly mean values) are shown in Appendix A.

QA/QC procedures for non automatic monitoring are outlined in Appendix B.

______LAQM USA 2015 20 Gateshead Council ______

Table 4 - Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Relevant Is Exposure? Monitoring (Y/N with Site Distance to Worst- Site Co-located In distance (m) Site Name Site Type Height with a OS Grid Ref kerb of case ID AQMA? from (m) Continuous nearest road Location? Analyser monitoring site (Y/N) to relevant exposure) G2 Priory Court Roadside 1.5 N Y 425737 563251 Yes (0m) 10m Y G3 Melbourne Court Roadside 1.7 N Y 425333 563303 Yes (19m) 28m Y G4 North Dene Birtley Urban 1.7 N 427187 557230 background N Yes (0m) 8.5m N G10 Portobello Terrace Roadside 1.7 N Y 428254 554988 Yes (0m) 1.5m Y G12 Coach Road Urban 1.7 N 423765 560510 background N Yes (0m) 8.5m N G31 Westway, Dunston Urban 1.7 N 423086 561543 background N Yes (0m) 20m N G35 A1 Dunston AQ Unit* Roadside 2.6 Y N 422513 561925 No (16m) 4m Y G37 Lychgate Ct, AQ Unit* Roadside 2.6 Y Y 425883 563103 Yes (6m) 8.5m Y G38 Lychgate Ct, AQ Unit* Roadside 2.6 Y Y 425883 563103 Yes (6m) 8.5m Y G39 Lychgate Ct, AQ Unit* Roadside 2.6 Y Y 425883 563103 Yes (6m) 8.5m Y G40 A1 Dunston AQ Unit* Roadside 2.6 Y N 422513 561925 No (16m) 4m Y G41 A1 Dunston AQ Unit* Roadside 2.6 Y N 422513 561925 No (16m) 4m Y G46 Mulgrave Villas Urban 1.7 N 425297 562886 background N Yes (0m) 12m N G47 Dryden Rd Roadside 1.7 N Y 425760 561641 Yes (0m) 6m Y G53 Hill St, Bottle Bank Roadside 1.7 N Y 425447 563528 Yes (1.5m) 3.5m Y G59 Peareth Ct Roadside 1.7 N Y 425770 563135 Yes (0m) 10m Y G60 Lychgate Court Roadside 1.7 N Y 425912 563108 Yes (0m) 13m Y G63 Bottle Bank AQ Unit* Roadside 1.6 Y Y 425425 563555 Yes (8m) 3m Y G65 Bottle Bank AQ Unit* Roadside 1.6 Y Y 425425 563555 Yes (8m) 3m Y G66 Bottle Bank AQ Unit* Roadside 1.6 Y Y 425425 563555 Yes (8m) 3m Y G71 Durham Rd Low Fell Roadside 1.7 N Y 425759 561612 Yes (0m) 5m N G74 Penshaw View Roadside 1.7 N Y 428259 555077 Yes (0m) 1.5m N

______LAQM USA 2015 21 Gateshead Council ______Portobello G83 Durham Rd Gateshead Roadside 1.7 N 425788 561966 2 Y Yes (0m) 7m N G87 A1 Houses Urban 1.5 N 422518 561933 background N Yes (0m) 11m Y G88 Charlton Walk Roadside 1.7 N N 424260 562267 Yes (0m) 18m Y G89 Skipper Close Urban 1.7 N 423609 561228 background N Yes (0m) 40m Y G90 Lobley Hill Road Roadside 1.7 N N 423635 560639 Yes (0m) 14m Y G91 Holmside Ave Urban 1.7 N 423101 561634 background N Yes (0m) 10m Y G92 Broadmeadow Urban 1.7 N 420050 562165 background N Yes(0m) 20m N G93 Parkway Urban 1.7 N 420111 560907 background N Yes(0m) 10m Y G94 High Str North Roadside 1.7 N Y 425663 563234 Yes(0m) 5m Y = Discontinued

______LAQM USA 2015 22 Gateshead Council ______2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

Monitoring results for Automatic and Non-Automatic monitoring are provided below in Table 5 to 12. Exceedance of the air quality objectives and borderline cases are highlighted in bold. Supporting or complementary information is also provided in Figures 4 to 10.

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide

Automatic Monitoring Data

Automatic monitoring results for Nitrogen Dioxide undertaken in 2014 are shown in Tables 5 & 6. The results show that there were no exceedances of either the annual mean or the hourly air quality objectives, with annual mean concentrations well below the 40µg/m3 objective level and no exceedances of the 200µg/m3 hourly mean concentration at any of the monitoring locations.

Table 5 provides details of the annual mean concentration and Table 6 shows the number of exceedances of the hourly mean. Both Tables provide previous years data, going back to 2010. Figures 4 to 6 provide a graphical representation of maximum hourly concentrations over the 12 month measurement period. Figure 7 shows a trend chart providing NO2 annual mean results over the past 9 years.

Manual Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

Diffusion tube monitoring results for the 12 month monitoring period from January to December 2014 are provided in Table 7. Exceedances of the air quality objectives, and borderline cases, are highlighted in bold. Table 8 provides details of annual concentrations dating back to 2009 for comparison.

The monthly NO2 diffusion tube results for 2014 including the national and local bias adjustment factor and calculation can be found in Appendix A.

When applying the national bias factor to the monitoring results there are no exceedances of the annual mean Air Quality Objective.

______LAQM USA 2015 23 Gateshead Council ______Tube G3 located at Melbourne Court is the highest concentration recorded at 36.7g/m3 with the national bias factor applied. The site is located within the Gateshead Town Centre Air Quality Management Area and shows a further reduction on 2013 levels which is pleasing.

The locally determined bias factor is higher than the national figure and thus represents a worse case situation. The local bias figures from the three local co – location studies were all very similar and give confidence in the accuracy of the average figure. The results in Table 7 are presented with both factors applied.

Figure 8 shows a trend chart providing NO2 annual mean results over the past 10 years from diffusion tube monitoring.

Applying the locally derived Gateshead bias factor to the data increases the annual mean figures. However, all monitoring locations remain below the annual mean Air Quality Objective. The mean local co-location bias for Gateshead was 0.95 and was calculated using the AEA DifTPAB v04 (1) spreadsheet. The results are detailed in Appendix C.

______LAQM USA 2015 24 Gateshead Council ______

Table 5 - Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective Valid Data Capture Annual Mean Concentration g/m3 Within for period of Valid Data Site ID Site Type AQMA? monitoring %a Capture 2014 % b 2010* c 2011 c 2012 c 2013 c 2014 Lychgate Court Roadside Y 99.9 99.9 40.2 31.8 32.4 30.9 32.2

Hill Street, Bottle Bank Roadside Y 99.6 99.6 36.1 35.9 35.2 33.7 36.2

A1 Dunston Roadside N 94.7 94.7 38.4 36.8 33.3 35.8 30.6

Table 6 - Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective

Valid Data Capture Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean (200 g/m3) Within for period of Valid Data Site ID Site Type AQMA? monitoring %a Capture 2014 % b 2010* c 2011* c 2012* c 2013* c 2014 Lychgate Court Roadside Y 99.9 99.9 1 0 0 0 0

Hill Street, Bottle Roadside Y 99.6 99.6 0 0 0 0 0 Bank

A1 Dunston Roadside N 94.7 94.7 0 0 0 0 0

3 In bold, exceedances of the NO2 hourly mean AQS objective (200µg/m – not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year)

a i.e. data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year

b i.e. data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for six months the maximum data capture for the full calendar year would be 50%)

c If the data capture for full calendar year is less than 90%, include the 99.8th percentile of hourly means in brackets

______LAQM USA 2015 25 Gateshead Council ______

Figure 4 - Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations - Lychgate Court Automatic Monitoring Site

Lychgate Crt, NO2, Jan-Dec 2014 Time Average 1 Hour 250

Air Quality Standard (AQS) 200

150 AQS 1 hour 200 ug/m3 Maximum 124.3 ug/m3 AQS Annual 40 ug/m3 Site Average 32.2 ug/m3

NO2(ug/m3) 100

Figure 5 - Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations - Bottle Bank Automatic Monitoring Site

Bottle Bank, NO2, Jan-Dec 2014 Time Average 1 Hour 250

Air Quality Standard (AQS) 200

150 AQS 1 hour 200 ug/m3 Maximum 118.6 ug/m3 AQS Annual 40 ug/m3 Site Average 36.2 ug/m3

NO2(ug/m3) 100

______LAQM USA 2015

26 Gateshead Council ______Figure 6 - Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations - A1 Dunston Automatic Monitoring Site

Figure 7 - Trend chart providing NO2 annual mean results over the past 9 years.

______LAQM USA 2015

27 Gateshead Council ______Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

Table 7 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2014 Full Calendar Year 2014 Annual Mean 2014 Annual Mean Triplicate Data Capture 2014 3 3 Within Concentration (µg/m ) Concentration (µg/m ) or (Number of Months Site ID Location Site Type AQMA a Collocated or %) National Bias Gateshead Bias ? Tube Adjustment factor = Adjustment factor = 0.91 b 0.95 b G2 Priory Court Roadside Y Single 100 34 35.5 G3 Melbourne Court Roadside Y Single 100 36.6 38.3 G4 North Dene Birtley Urban bkground N Single 92 23.6 24.7 G10 Portobello Terrace Roadside Y Single 100 31.8 33.2 G12 Coach Road Urban bkground N Single 100 27.4 26.1 G31 Westway, Dunston Urban bkground N Single 100 25.7 26.9 G37, G38, G39 Lychgate Ct AQ Unit* Roadside Y Triplicate 100 31 32.5 G35, G40,G41 A1 Dunston AQ Unit* Roadside N Triplicate 100 30.8 32.3 G46 Mulgrave Villas Urban bkground N Single 100 27.3 28.6 G47 Dryden Rd Roadside Y Single 100 34 35.6 G53 Hill St, Bottle Bank Roadside Y Single 92 36.2 37.8 G59 Peareth Ct Roadside Y Single discontinued G60 Lychgate Crt Roadside Y Single discontinued G63, G65, G66 Bottle Bank AQ Unit* Roadside Y Triplicate 100 35.8 34.05 G71 Durham Rd, Low Fell Roadside Y Single 100 33.4 31.8 G74 Penshaw Vw Portobello Roadside Y Single 100 35.9 34.14 G87 A1 Houses Roadside N Single 100 29.2 27.8 G88 Charlton Walk Roadside N Single 100 26.7 25.4 G89 Skipper Close Urban bkground N Single 100 24 25.1 G90 Lobley Hill Rd Roadside N Single 100 26.3 27.5 G91 Holmside Ave Urban bkground N Single 100 28.5 29.8 G92 Broadmeadows Urban bkground N Single 100 21.6 22.6 G93 Parkway Roadside N Single 83 10.8 11.4 G94 High Str North Roadside Y Single 83 33.6 35.1 3 In bold, exceedances of the NO2 annual mean AQS objective of 40µg/m

a Means should be “annualised” as in Box 3.2 of TG(09)( http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=page=38), if full calendar year data capture is less than 75%

b If an exceedence is measured at a monitoring site not representative of public exposure, NO2 concentration at the nearest relevant exposure should be estimated based on the “NO2 fall-off with distance” calculator (http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/tools-monitoring-data/no2- falloff.html), and results should be discussed in a specific section. The procedure is also explained in Box 2.3 of Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09) (http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=page=30).

______LAQM USA 2015 28 Gateshead Council ______

Table 8 - Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes (2010 to 2014)

Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) - Adjusted for National Bias a 2010 (Bias 2011 (Bias 2012(Bias 2013(Bias 2014(Bias Within Adjustment Factor Adjustment Factor Adjustment Factor = Adjustment Factor = Adjustment Site ID Site Type AQMA? = 0.92) = 0.89) 0.97) 0.95 ) Factor = 0.91 ) G2 Priory Court Y 29 29 31.9 33.1 34 G3 Melbourne Court Y 37.3 38 47.0 38.5 36.6 G4 North Dene Birtley N 28 25 26.7 26.8 23.6 G10 Portobello Terrace Y 37 35 36.6 32.0 31.8 G12 Coach Road N 28 25 27.3 27.2 27.4 G16 Portobello Terrace Y 37.7 35 Discontinued G31 Westway, Dunston N 29 26 28.1 27.6 25.7 G37,38,39 Lychgate Court AQ Unit* Y 31 30 31.4 30.5 31 G35,40,41 A1 Dunston AQ Unit* N 35 35 32.8 31.4 30.8 G42 Trinity Court Y 38 38 Discontinued Regent Court Relocated as part of G43 Y study 24 Discontinued Brisbane Court Less than 75% data G45 Y capture 22 23.8 Discontinued G46 Mulgrave Villas, N 28 27 30.0 28.8 27.3 Less than 75% data G47 Dryden Road Y capture 37 38.3 35.5 34 Bensham / Coatsworth Road Less than 75% data G52 N capture 29 29.1 Discontinued Hill Street, Bottle Bank Less than 75% data G53 Y capture 38 37.8 36.8 36.2 G55 Trinity Court AQ Unit Y 29 27 Discontinued G59 Peareth Ct Y 29 30 32.9 31.8 Discontinued Lychgate Court Relocated as part of G60 Y study 27 27.7 26.8 Discontinued G61 Monk Court Y 24 23 Discontinued G63,65,66 Bottle Bank AQ Unit* Y 32 33 34.5 33.3 35.8 Less than 75% data G71 Durham Rd Low Fell Y capture 33 33.9 32.1 33.4 G74 Penshaw View Portobello Y 32 32 34.5 34.3 35.9 G83 Durham Road Gateshead 2 Y 29 31 31.2 Discontinued

______LAQM USA 2015 29 Gateshead Council ______

Relocated as part of G87 A1 Houses N study 30 30.2 28.5 29.2 G88 Charlton Walk N Not in use 26.2 26.7 G89 Skipper Close N Not in use 24 G90 Lobley Hill Rd N Not in use 26.3 G91 Holmside Ave N Not in use 28.5 G92 Broadmeadows N Not in use 21.6 G93 Parkway N Not in use 10.8 G94 High Str North Y Not in use 33.6

______LAQM USA 2015 30 Gateshead Council ______

Figure 8 - Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites

______LAQM USA 2015 31 Gateshead Council ______

2.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Gateshead Council ceased monitoring PM10 in 2011. Monitoring data from the preceding 4 years demonstrated that concentrations of PM10 were consistently and significantly below the Air Quality Objectives in Gateshead.

The results of automatic monitoring for PM10 providing a comparison to the Annual Mean Objective are detailed in Table 9.

The Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10 providing a comparison to the 24-hour Mean Objective are detailed in Table 10.

Evidence suggests that the smaller fraction of particulate matter, PM2.5 has a greater impact on public health and Gateshead Council started to monitor PM2.5 in 2011 rather than PM10. This report provides the third set of annual figures for PM2.5 in Gateshead. They are reported in section 2.2.5.

______LAQM USA 2015 32 Gateshead Council ______

Table 9 Historical Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Confirm Annual Mean Concentration g/m3 (40g/m3) Gravimetric Equivalent Site Name Site Type Within AQMA? (Y or NA) 2007*c 2008* c 2009* c 2010* c 2011 c

Lychgate Court Roadside Y Y 25 23 20 21 Discontinued

A1 Dunston Roadside N Y 22 22 21 21 Discontinued

In bold, exceedence of the PM10 annual mean AQS objective of 40µg/m3

Table 10 Historical Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective

Confirm Number of Exceedances of 24-Hour Mean (50 g/m3) Gravimetric Site ID Site Type Within AQMA? Equivalent 2007* 2008* 2009* 2010* 2011

Lychgate Court Roadside Y Y 0 3 1 1 Discontinued

A1Dunston Roadside N Y 6 6 2 3 Discontinued

In bold, exceedence of the PM10 daily mean AQS objective (50µg/m3 – not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year)

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 33 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide

Gateshead Council does not monitor sulphur dioxide as there are no significant sources or likelihood of the relevant air quality objective being exceeded in the Gateshead area.

2.2.4 Benzene

Gateshead Council does not monitor benzene as there are no significant sources or likelihood of the relevant air quality objectives being exceeded in the Gateshead

2.2.5 Other pollutants monitored

In 2010 the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution (COMEAP) estimated that for the year

2008 the burden of particulate air pollution (as PM2.5) in the UK was in effect equivalent to about 29,000 deaths at typical ages (and an associated loss of life to the population of 340,000 life-years), or a loss of life expectancy from birth of 6 months (as an average across all births).

COMEAP considered that the two extremes – that 29,000 people had died in 2008 solely as a result of exposure to fine particles, or that everybody who died during that year died, in some part, as a result of exposure to fine particles – were unlikely. COMEAP speculated that it was more reasonable to consider that air pollution may have made some contribution to the earlier deaths of up to 200,000 people (the number dying of cardiovascular causes) with an average loss of life of about two years per death affected, though that actual amount would vary between individuals. In short substantial progress has been made in quantifying and understanding the health impacts of air pollution.

The public health impact of particulate air pollution has been recognised by the UK Government. An air pollution indicator as measured by PM2.5 has been included in the Public Health Outcomes Framework. The Public Health Outcomes Framework published in January 2012 sets out a strategic framework for public health at national and local levels, based on the evidence of where the biggest challenges are for health and well-being, and the wider factors that drive it.

This is intended to raise awareness of air quality as a public health issue with local authorities and Directors of Public Health, in their oversight of public health in their areas, as well as with the NHS at the local level. As the strategic leader for public health in the borough we require our Director of Public Health to lead and galvanise action on air quality improvement.

Particles in the PM2.5 size range are able to travel deeply into the respiratory tract, reaching the lungs. Exposure to fine particles can cause short-term health effects such as eye, nose, throat and lung irritation, coughing, sneezing, runny nose and shortness of breath. Although the nose filters some of

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 34 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______the PM10 particles out of the air, the fine PM2.5 particles are unaffected by these filters and may lodge deeply in the lungs and even enter the blood stream. Therefore fine particles affect lung function and worsen medical conditions such as asthma and heart disease. Scientific studies have linked increases in daily PM2.5 exposure with increased respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions, emergency department visits and deaths. Recent studies suggest that long term exposure to particulate matter may be associated with increased rates of chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function. People with breathing and heart problems, children and the elderly may be particularly sensitive to PM2.5.

Gateshead Council commenced monitoring PM2.5 in 2011. This report provides the third full year of figures for PM2.5 in Gateshead.

There is considerable variation in standards relating to the concentration of PM2.5. The Air Quality Strategy for England (2007) sets an Air Quality Objective (AQO) of 25 µg/m3 annual mean to be achieved and maintained by 2020. This is coupled with a 15% reduction in concentrations at urban background locations. The European Directive also sets a limit value to be achieved by 2015 and a target value to be achieved by 2020 both of 25 µg/m3 annual mean. The European Directive also requires a 20% reduction in concentrations at urban background locations. The World Health Organisation (WHO) Guidelines however, state a maximum 10 µg/m3 annual mean and 25 µg/m3 24- hour mean.

There is no requirement for Local Authorities to monitor PM2.5 as compliance with the AQO is determined using the Automatic Urban Rural Network (AURN) monitoring network.

Figures 9 and 10 show the annual concentrations of PM2.5 measured at Lychgate Court and at the A1 Dunston respectively, and indicate typical levels throughout the year. Table 11 also provides confirmation of the annual concentration and 24 hour maximum levels. Figures indicate that PM2.5 levels are below Air Quality Objectives at both monitoring locations. Table 12 provides the results of

PM2.5 monitoring between 2012 and 2014.

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 35 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______Figure 9 Annual PM2.5 Concentrations Lychgate Court

Figure 10 Annual PM2.5 Concentrations A1 Dunston

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 36 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

Table 11 Results of PM2.5 monitoring 2014

24hr max Confirm Annual Mean Within Gravimetric Concentration Data Capture Site ID Site Type AQMA? Equivalent g/m3 %

Lychgate Roadside Y Y 35.1 9.4 98.4 Court

A1 Dunston Roadside N Y 36.6 9.7 92.3

Table 12 Results of PM2.5 monitoring 2012 - 2014

Confirm 2012 2013 2014 Site Site Within Gravimetric Name Type AQMA? Equivalent 24hr Annual Mean Data 24hr Data 24hr Data (Y or N) max Concentration Capture max Annual Mean Capture max Annual Mean Capture g/m3 Concentration Concentration g/m3 g/m3

Lychgate 35.1 9.4 98.4% Roadside Y Y 29.6 9.2 100% 32.9 8.6 98.1% Court

Roadside A1 36.6 9.7 92.3% N Y 30.1 10.0 98% 36.3 10 97% Dunston

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 37 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Gateshead Council has examined the results from monitoring in the borough. Concentrations are all below the objectives, therefore there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 38 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

3 Road Traffic Sources

3.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified congested streets with a flow above 5,000 vehicles per day and residential properties close to the kerb, that have not been adequately considered in previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

3.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic.

3.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs.

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with high flows of buses/HDVs.

3.4 Junctions

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy junctions/busy roads.

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 39 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

3.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment

A1 Lobley Hill to Dunston Improvement Scheme Commencing 2014

The Highways Agency has commissioned the Halcrow Hyder Joint Venture (HHJV) to support the delivery of the A1 Lobley Hill to Dunston Improvement Scheme. Works commenced in August 2014 and will last for around 2 years.

The purpose of the Scheme is to provide improved traffic flow along the A1 in Gateshead. The scheme runs from Metro Centre Junction in the north to the Coal House Junction in the south approximately 6 kilometres in length.

The stretch of A1 from Lobley Hill to Dunston is currently the third most congested link on the national motorway and trunk road network and the most congested regional link in terms of delay. Very heavy congestion occurs daily in both directions during the morning and evening peak periods. Accident rates on this road are high; with rear end shunting a prevalent accident type in queuing traffic.

The proposal includes altering the existing 2-lane carriageway into a 3-lane carriageway. This will be achieved by utilising the verge, constructing a concrete barrier in the central reserve and narrowing each lane. The speed limit in the past has been reduced to 50mph, and will be maintained post works. A selection of single lane slip roads will be upgraded to two lanes to accommodate increased traffic loads. The proposal also involves altering existing embankment slopes between Lobley Hill, the A184 Gateshead Quays Junctions and also south of Lobley Hill Junction; which requires new retaining walls.

Between the A184 Gateshead Quays Junction and the Lobley Hill Junction new link roads will be provided in both directions. The new link roads will be adjacent to, but separate from the main carriageway. This alteration will be designed for use by local traffic, decreasing traffic load on the A1.

An air quality monitoring survey using passive diffusion tubes has been undertaken by HHJV to measure existing concentrations of NO2 across the area of the scheme. Due to the timescales associated with implementing the project, the monitoring was short term and took place at roadside locations rather than at specific receptors. This required collected data to be annualised which limited the ability to produce accurate and consistent data that could be used confidently in modelling NO2 concentrations. As such it has been difficult to make definitive statements regarding the impact that the works and operational phases will have on receptors. HHJV have committed to longer term monitoring of NO2 during construction and the early operational phases of the project which will enable accurate ‘real world’ data to be collected, modelled and presented. ______LAQM Progress Report 2014 40 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

In addition Gateshead Council has extended its diffusion tube monitoring programme to provide longer term monitoring in the locality. Particular attention is paid to Holmside Avenue and the south side of Lobley Hill Road near to its junction with the A1, where receptors are in closer proximity to road traffic emissions.

Gateshead Council has assessed new/proposed roads meeting the criteria in Section A.5 of Box 5.3 in TG(09), and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

3.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with significantly changed traffic flows.

3.7 Bus and Coach Stations

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no relevant bus stations in the Local Authority area.

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 41 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

4 Other Transport Sources 4.1 Airports

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no airports in the Local Authority area.

4.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains)

4.2.1 Stationary Trains

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15m.

4.2.2 Moving Trains

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of movements of diesel locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m.

4.3 Ports (Shipping)

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no ports or shipping that meet the specified criteria within the Local Authority area.

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 42 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

5 Industrial Sources 5.1 Industrial Installations

5.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been Carried Out

Work has begun on a new District Energy Centre, an important energy project that will cut bills and carbon emissions for homes and businesses in Gateshead. The centre is the first of its kind and scale in the North East. The new centre will allow heat and electricity to be generated locally and fed directly to public buildings, businesses and local homes. The first buildings lined up to take advantage of the energy centre will include Gateshead Civic Centre, Sage Gateshead, Gateshead College, BALTIC and some of the residential blocks in central Gateshead, managed by The Gateshead Housing Company. Construction of the network of heating pipes and power cables is expected to begin by the summer. The Energy Centre will start producing heat and power from April 2016, with each building then connected between April and June 2016.

Gateshead Council has assessed new/proposed industrial installations, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

5.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions have Increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has been introduced

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no industrial installations with substantially increased emissions or new relevant exposure in their vicinity within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no new or proposed industrial installations for which planning approval has been granted within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 43 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

5.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots

There are no major fuel (petrol) storage depots within the Local Authority area.

5.3 Petrol Stations

Gateshead Council identified one location with two petrol stations meeting the specified criteria, although the nearest relevant exposure is more than 10 metres from the fuel pumps. However, this site was examined for the 2003 USA due to the high petrol throughputs at both sites and the high traffic flows (80,000 AADT), as a result of which detailed monitoring for benzene was carried out at the site. The site is situated on the A1 at the Washington/Birtley Services, at which there are two large petrol filling stations with annual petrol throughputs of 3000 and 4000 cubic metres. Additionally there is a C category road adjacent to the nearest receptors (three blocks of terraced houses at Portobello within the former AQMA) which has an AADT of 6,500 vehicles. The C road runs parallel to the A1, between the A1 and the houses, whilst the northbound filling station lies between the A1 (northbound) and the C road. The nearest receptors are situated within 1.5 metres of the kerbside of the C road, and 30 metres of the petrol pumps.

A benzene monitoring survey, using Gradko diffusion tubes, was carried out at this site during 2003/04. The results, which showed that there were no exceedances of the 2010 benzene objectives at any of the monitoring locations, were reported in the annual Progress Report of 2005. The mean concentration for the 9 months monitoring period was 2.08μgms/m3, well below the 2010 objective of 5μgms/m3 and the maximum mean concentration for any two week monitoring period was 5.04μgms/m3, marginally above the objective.

As there have been no significant changes to this situation, and no further petrol stations identified which meet the specified criteria, Gateshead Council does not intend to carry out any further assessment work for this pollutant.

5.4 Poultry Farms

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no poultry farms meeting the specified criteria.

______LAQM Progress Report 2014 44 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______6 Commercial and Domestic Sources 6.1 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations Table 13 - Biomass Plant Details

Name and Boiler Heat Output & Actual Effective Stack Dimensions Maximum Estimated Calculated Target Emission Background Background Further Stack Diameter of buildings Address Make & Commissioning Stack Height (m) within 5 x Emission Emission Maximum Rate Concentration adjusted Assessment Type Date Height Ueff = stack Rates from Factor (g/GJ)* Emission (g/s) (µg/m) using emission rate required? (m) 1.66(Uact height (m) supplier Rates 2012 data from (g/s) -H) (M) (g/s) DEFRA 2010 background maps 0.0004 NOx PM10 76 0.0076 PM10 0.0345 PM10 14.7 mg/kWh @ Broag Blaydon 2 x 100kW wood 0% O2 Full Pellet 0.0005 Leisure & pellet boiler 0.2 : 275 Boiler 6 6 N/A PM2.5 76 0.0076 PM2.5 0.0898 PM2.5 10.2 No Primary Care NOx HPK - Centre August 2010 mg/kWh @ RA NO2 NO2 0.0005 0% O2 Annual 0.1036 Annual 22.7 NOx 90 0.009 Part:188 NO2 NO2 0.002 Hourly 0.0947 Hourly 35.5 NOx mg/kWh @ PM10 76 0.0076 PM10 0.0139 PM10 14.6 0.0004 Gateshead Broag 1 x 100kW wood Housed 0% O2 Full Council Pellet pellet boiler 0.2 in : 275 PM2.5 76 0.0076 PM2.5 0.0346 PM2.5 10.2 0.0005 Heworth Boiler 6 1.7 No building NOx NO NO Leisure HPK - 2 0.0384 2 23.6 0.0005 October 2010 5m high mg/kWh @ Annual Annual Centre RA NOx 90 0.009 0% O2 NO NO 2 0.0288 2 23.6 0.002 Part:188 Hourly Hourly 0.0004 NOx 250g/ PM10 76 0.0076 PM10 0.0275 PM10 14.6 Gateshead 1 x 500kW wood Housed Cu.m Council Binder 0.0005 chip boiler in CO PM2.5 76 0.0076 PM2.5 0.0697 PM2.5 10.2 Thomas RRK 7.5 2.5 0.5 No building 50g/Cu.m Hepburn 400-600 NO2 NO2 0.0005 March 2012 6m high NOx level Annual 0.0651 Annual 23.6 School NOx 90 0.009 at 0% 02 NO2 NO2 0.002 Hourly 0.0773 Hourly 23.6 0.0004 NOx 250g/ PM10 76 0.0076 PM10 0.0245 PM10 14.6 Gateshead 1 x 500kW wood Housed /Cu.m Council Binder 0.0005 chip boiler in CO PM2.5 76 0.0076 PM2.5 0.0615 PM2.5 10.2 Heworth RRK 6 2 0.5 No building 50g/Cu.m Grange 400-600 NO2 NO2 0.0005 March 2012 5m high NOx level Annual 0.0681 Annual 23.6 School NOx 90 0.009 at 0% 02 NO2 NO2 0.002 Hourly 0.0645 Hourly 23.6 *Emission Factor obtained from Appendix1 Technical Guidance: Screening Assessment for Biomass Boilers, AEA Energy & Environment (July 2008) ______LAQM Progress Report 2014 45 Gateshead Council Gateshead Council ______

Gateshead Council has assessed the biomass combustion plant, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

6.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts

Gateshead Council has assessed the biomass combustion plant, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

6.3 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning

Gateshead Council confirms that there are no areas of significant domestic fuel use in the Local Authority area.