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1 K^ 1 QQi © Crown copyright 1989 ISSN 1032-0741 The Univeisity of WoUongong Northfields Avenue WoUongong, NSW Postal address: PO Box 1144, WoUongong 2500 Telephone: (042) 27 0555 Telex: 29022 Facsimile: (042) 27 0477 Cable: UNIFWOL All inquiries related to University research should be addressed to: Professor Ian Chubb, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic and Research) THE UPOVERSmr OF WOLLOnOONQ Research Report 1988-89 contenc Water Engineering and Geomechanics 4 In Pursuit of Intelligent Materials 6 Exercise, Strain and Fitness 8 Engineering and Industrial Mathematics 10 Quaternary Research 12 Social and Psychological Health 15 Electronic and Vibrational Properties of Solids 16 Computing Science 19 Fossil Fuels 20 Advanced Manufacturing Technology 22 Management Strategy and Organisational Change 25 Studies in Performing Arts 26 Industrial Automation 28 Advanced Telecommunications 30 Literature and the Colonial Legacy 32 Accountability and Financial Reporting 34 Applied Cognitive Studies 35 Bioactive Molecules 36 Biological Macromolecules 38 Advanced Materials 40 Educational Policy 42 Science and Technology Policy 44 The Life Sciences in the Social Context 46 Nature and Dynamics of Science and Technology 48 Information Technology in its Social Context 50 Labour Market Analysis 51 Structural Engineering and Construction 52 Equity in Education 54 Geological Evolution of the Tasmanides 56 Bulk Materials and Physical Processing 58 Australian Flora and Fauna 60

Other Research Work 62

Research Publications Faculty of the Arts 71 Faculty of Commerce 76 Faculty of Education 78 Faculty of Engineering 81 Faculty of Mathematical Sciences 84 Faculty of Science 86 Research Centres 90 A significant step forward'

As a result of the flnalisation of the University's research management strategy, the 12-month period to June 1989 has seen a significant step forward in the management of our research activity. First implemented in January 1989, the strategy aims to exploit to the fullest the research capabilities of the University by signalling research strengths, facilitating interdisciplinary research, encouraging postgraduate training and generating strong external support.

The strategy has been developed in line with the University's commitment to fundamental research as well as research related to the industrial and commercial activities in the Illawarra and contiguous regions, including the associated social and policy implications.

In line with the first stage, many of the academic staff Professor Ken McKinnon carrying out high-quality research in broadly related areas have grouped themselves into research teams and programs to achieve more effective use of the University's research resources. Over 30 programs have been established in this way; the following pages in this Research Report show how they are developing after their first six months of operation. Naturally, there are other staff undertaking research best done individually or in smaller groups. The activities of some of these staff members are also included in this Report; unfortunately, for space reasons, it has not been possible to include accounts of all these activities.

Full implementation of the strategy over the next few years will bring, through more effective use of its research resources, substantial benefits to the University and to the wider community. The University is in the enviable position of having relatively young, energetic and enthusiastic academic staff who are committed to ensuring that the University is at the forefront of research in many fields.

The University welcomes visits from those interested in finding out more about the research activity in progress and wishing to discuss their work with researchers.

1 hope that you will enjoy reading this Research Report of The University of WoUongong for 1988-89.

Ken McKinnon Vice-Chancellor August 1989

BJ»I*.«fei'* WATER ENGINEERING AND GEOMECHANICS Co-ordinator: A. Professor R N Chowdhury, tel. 27 0037

HE Water Engineering and Geo­ relating to stability of slopes for more Tmechanics Research Program is than 15 years. Professor Chowdhury being developed within the Depart­ believes that: 'Owing to many uncer­ ment of Civil and Mining Engineer­ tainties in geotechnical engineering, ing of The University of WoUongong risk and reliability studies using in order to emphasise the special probabilistic approaches have a wide relationships which exist between scope'. He has spent more than a the two areas. Such a program is decade of research effort into studying unique in Australia, enabling inter­ probabilistic methods and reliability disciplinary as well as traditional analysis in relation to slope stability. approaches to the solution of The State Electricity Commission of problems relevant to water resources Victoria (SECV) has been particularly development (eg, dams, reservoirs, k;en to utilise Professor Chowdhury's flood and erosion control), mining expertise. Professor Chowdhury worked projects, and environmental engineer­ for SECV as a research consultant for ing issues such as water quality and three months early in 1989 and com­ waste disposal. Environmental issues pleted two research reports, both would be even more significant for involving high-risk assessment Civil Engineers in the next decade, techniques. The first report involves for future planning and design for critical stages of deep open-cut mining 'greenhouse' effects on the water and excavations; the second involves analysis soil environment. of landslides and restoration of reservoir The program further concentrates on slopes. Associate Professor Robin Chowdhury research relating to protection from The hazards due to landslides research natural and man-made hazards. This have a number of international connec­ has international significance and the tions. The recent one was with research next decade (1990-2000) has been organisations in Italy. During the past endorsed by the United Nations four months. Professor Chowdhury has General Assembly as the Inter­ initiated academic collaboration with national Decade for Natural Disaster the University of Perugia and the Reduction. These research areas are Institute for Protection from Hydro- particularly important to Australia geological Hazards of The National and of special relevance to our Research Council of Italy. He has also Illawarra region. lectured at Milan, Modena and Bari. The Water Engineering and Geomechanics Research Group con­ Water quantity and quality sists of eight academic staff and two modelling of catchments post doctoral Research Fellows. The When catchments undergo program members have been active urbanisation, not only is flooding during the past six months since its increased but significant deterioration inception. They have attracted for of water quality also occurs. Dr this year more than $80,000 in Michael Boyd, Dr Muttucumaru research grants and six new post­ Sivakumar and Ms Monica Bufill are graduate students from which two are conducting research relating to the full-fee paying international students. water quality and quality modelling The total number of postgraduates of urbanising catchments. This currently enrolled within the program research is partly supported by the is 16. Members of the program have award of a Research Fellowship of also attended and presented technical $124,000 to Ms Bufill. Dr Boyd has papers at international and several had significant expertise in the area national conferences. They have also of flood hydrology and recently completed a number of consulting developed computer software projects, organised conferences and packages such as BASIN, CULVERT reviewed technical papers. and WBNM based on his research work. High risk assessment of Dr Boyd says: 'these packages can be soil slopes easily used by practising engineers. During the past few years there have BASIN in particular was developed been slope failures, rock falls, coal for the design of flood detention stock-pile failures and a significant basins, CULVERT for culvert embankment failure within the WoUon­ hydraulics and WBNM for flood gong area. Associate Professor Robin hydrology modelling'. BASIN and Chowdhury has been studying problems CULVERT are currently being mm>";Mtm

Source area for the major landslide which occurred in northern Italy in July 1987 in the wake of flooding in the Val Pola. A large mass of rock fell more than 1000 -metres into the Adda Valley and advanced as an avalanche above the valley floor Timely assessment of the risk of failure led to the evacuation of most of the affected areas. Assessment was not good enough, however, to predict that wind drift moving in company with a wave of mud and water, which travelled upstream, would destroy a village and kill 27 people

marketed through WoUongong order to obtain reliable data from a than the equivalent reinforced- Uniadvice Ltd. catchment which is partly urbanised concrete structures. Members of this Water quality modelling of catch­ and partly in natural conditions. project are planning to test these ments is a difficult and a relatively Reinforced earth in river- structures in a water environment to new problem for Australia. For determine their stability. example, Australian streams are par­ bank protection ticularly different from streams in River-bank erosion and protection other countries in terms of the water measures are important problems Future directions quality, due to suspended sediments. faced by Civil Engineers in urban Members of the program are working Australian streams have a low and rural areas. The changes in river together on a number of new sediment concentration but have very levels due to floods and associated projects. This will further strengthen fine particle size, which gives rise to variation in the groundwater table the group effort. They are actively high turbidity. greatly affect erosion. promoting this research group outside Dr Sivakumar believes that good Three members in the program, Dr the University and in particular 'quahty' quantity-quaHty data are R. M. Arenicz, Dr M. Sivakumar trying to establish strong collabora­ very important for successful water and Dr R. Kohoutek, have recently tion with industry. They already have quality modelling of catchments. embarked on a project on river-bank a network of national and inter­ This is particularly difficult to obtain erosion protection using reinforced national contacts and feel that an during flood events. A water quality- earth structures. Dr Arenicz says that enhanced recognition at all levels will quantity monitoring station has been the cost of reinforced earth construc­ occur when this program develops set up in Byarong Creek, Figtree, in tions are 25 to 60 per cent lower further. IN PURSUIT OF INTELLIGENT MATERIALS Coordinator; Dr G G Wallace, tel. 27 0504

ICTURE in your mind's eye, a P plastic-like material that can monitor the chemical environment in which you live and work. Yet there is more to such a material ... it not only monitors the environment, but, if required, it generates an appropriate electrical signal which triggers a chemical reaction to regulate the chemical environment. This responsive material initiates chemical reactions to ensure that chemical processes, so important in our everyday lives, remain in balance. These materials possess a level of intelligence. It is the further development of this work which is of interest to the members of the Intelligent Materials Research Program. The concept is illustrated below.

AN INTELLIGENT MATERIAL

Application areas for materials which are designed to possess some level of intelligence have already been identified. Dr Gordon Wallace

Environmental control Materials which can monitor the chemical composition of our homes Biological devices laboratories, coatings which can or work environment have been Monitoring and control of biological recognise that corrosion or fouling is developed. In the event that the functions is much more complicated occurring, and can release appro­ environment is polluted the materials but is not beyond the capabilities of priate chemical inhibitors, have been can remedy the situation by initiating these materials. The ability to developed. appropriate detoxifying reactions. monitor target chemicals in biological Materials which have a crude level matrices and to initiate reactions of intelligence are available at Industrial process control such as the release of proteins have present. Through the efforts of this Materials which can monitor the already been demonstrated. research team, materials with a more composition of an industrial process sophisticated level of intelligence will stream have also been developed. Protective coatings be developed in the near future Again, these materials can initiate Many everyday materials are In the Chemistry Department at appropriate chemical reactions protected from corrosion or from The University of WoUongong, a should the composition of the stream fouling by polymeric coatings which team of researchers with expertise in need to be altered. provide a physical barrier. In these chemistry, biochemistry, computing years indicates that the materials New separations technology have subtle qualities which more Materials capable of selective than justify their choice as the basis interactions are being employed as of intelligent materials. the basis of new separation devices. Synthesis. By the use of simple These materials are being applied in laboratory techniques these materials fields as diverse as precious-metal are readily prepared. It is possible to refining and antibody purification. engfineer the material in such a way that selective interactions, appro­ New sensing technology priate signal generation and triggered Chemically active materials which chemical reactions are accomplished. can interact selectively with analytes This can be achieved by incor­ and generate an electrical signal have porating chemical reagents in the been employed as the basis of polymer, or by making the polymer chemical sensors for the detection of inherently chemically active. species such as heavy metal pollu­ Interactions. The ability to tants, organic pollutants and even participate in selective chemical proteins. interactions is the first prerequisite of an intelligent material. The flexibility Controlled release devices available in the synthesis of con­ The ability to trigger and control the ductive electroactive polymers often rate of release from these materials enables us to achieve this. However, has been used to advantage in the the materials have even more to offer development of on-line devices which in this area. It has been established can release a range of chemicals. in the WoUongong laboratories that chemical interactions on these Simple intelligent materials materials can be controlled by the The intelligent-material concept has application of small electrical already been proved with some potentials. simple cases. For example, the onset Signal generation. Given that appro­ of corrosion on a metal substrate has priate late selective interactions take been used to initiate release of a place on the new material, then it corrosion inhibitor. must be capable of generating an electrical signal that is related to the constituents of the chemical environ­ The pursuit of intelligent materials is ment to be monitored. Conductive a fascinating field of research, polymers facilitate the production of encompassing the talents of such signals. Changes in capacitance researchers from various disciplines. or resistance caused by interactions or Their work will have ramifications in direct oxidation/reduction of analytes the future in many areas of modern are readily monitored. technology. Triggered reactions. The above electrical signals may be used to trigger appropriate chemical reactions (provided the material is amenable to such control). Conduct­ ing polymers are. Low-magnitude and materials engineering is in electrical signals can be used to pursuit of intelligent materials. trigger the release of reagents and Working in purpose-equipped consequently initiate chemical laboratories, the team has facilities reactions. which enable synthesis, characterisa­ Conductive electroactive polymers tion, and evaluation of such undoubtedly have the properties materials. which make the development of These researchers have chosen to intelligent materials feasible. employ conductive electroactive The research team recognises that the polymers as the basis of intelligent development of more sophisticated materials. Why? Because the intelligent materials is a long-term materials were chosen as they were proposal. They are also conscious, seen to have the basic properties however, of the shorter-term com­ required of intelligent materials. In mercial opportunities which must be hindsight, work over the past five exploited. EXERCISE, STRESS AND FITNESS Coordinator: Dr P Milburn, tel. 27 0496

' I "HE general aim of the research Exercise and heat stress provide a temperature range from -*- into exercise, stress and fitness is Installation of a controlled-climate —lOdegC to 50degC with relative to increase understanding of the chamber in the Human Movement humidity between 30 and 80 per biological and behavioural responses and Sports Science laboratories had cent. Exercising on treadmills or arm to exercise-related stress commonly made it possible for Doctors Frank or leg ergometers, 'subjects' can be experienced in work, sport and Pyke, Karen Chad and Mark Anshel monitored, through a wall panel, leisure environments. There are four to investigate the psycho-physiological with instruments located in an specific project areas. responses to exercise in hot con­ adjacent data-collection room. ditions. Occupying 15 square metres During the winter months two studies of floor space, the chamber can were made on heat acclimatisation. The first involved two matched shoulder joint and at the level of formance. It is suggested by past groups of young adult men, one of L5/S1 in the lumbar spine vrill be research that females have a higher whom acclimatised for seven determined using a multi-link level of tolerance to pain than have consecutive days by exercising in hot- biomechanical model of the human males, and that the use of associative dry heat (38degC, 31 per cent body. and dissociative cognitive techniques relative humidity) while the other can influence pain tolerance. It is Compressive and shearing forces are acclimatised by exercising in hot-wet thought that external-focusing also being investigated in the knee heat (SldegC, 73 per cent relative improves physical performance under joint during an abrupt deceleration humidity). conditions of stress and discomfort task; the typical mechanism for due to the subject's preoccupation The purpose of the project was to injury to the anterior cruciate with stimuli that reduce the direction investigate the degree of transfer of ligament in the knee (ACL). A three- of attention toward pain. Researchers benefits from each of these regimes dimensional model of the knee joint do not know if males and females to standard exercise-heat tolerance is being developed to accept input differ in this respect. These studies tests carried out in each climate on a forces and torques derived from the have important implications for cycle ergometer. Indications of motion of intact and ACL deficient helping persons vrith chronic pain to improved tolerance were obtained knees. from measurements of body core and cope with the demands of performing physical tasks, avoiding or reducing skin temperature, heart rate, Exercise and rehabilitation perspiration rate and ratings of depressed states, and improving inter­ perceived exertion. This research into exercise and personal relationships. rehabilitation is involved with pain A second study involving a group of tolerance. The first study conducted young adult women permitted male/ by Doctors Mark Anshel and Graham Exercise and corporate female comparisons to be made in Ward examines the extent to which health and fitness terms of heat tolerance and the unfit male subjects who engage in The first stage of the exercise and mechanisms associated with heat aerobic or strength conditioning corporate health and fitness program acclimatisation. Further studies in programs are able to tolerate is to develop a conceptual model of these areas are planned with artificially induced pain. A 12-week life-style influences on work capacity children, adolescents and older conditioning program is being under­ and productivity. A number of adults. Of particular interest is the taken, with pain tolerance tests providers of Corporate Fitness role played by heat tolerance in administered at weeks 0 (pretest), 4, Programs within NSW have been muscular fatigue and skill per­ 8 and 12 (post test). contacted with a view to obtaining formance during prolonged exercise A secondary purpose is to determine information about procedures, data in hot conditions. This has obvious the relationship between pain acquisition and generalisations made implications for individuals involved tolerance and type A and type B from results of their progframs. in repetitive industrial work and will personality and locus of control, Models utilised by these providers, lead to recommendations aimed at either of which may influence the and the information obtained improving worker efficiency. outcome depending on the subjects' through them is being placed in a predisposition for effort, achieve­ data base and reworked. Exercise and load stress ment, and taking responsibility for The Port Kembla Branch of BHP has Three research projects are being their own performance. Physical con­ agreed to a University proposal, undertaken by Dr Peter Milburn and ditioning may be shown to exacerbate differences between personality types. made by Dr Alistair Boag and Mr Ms Julie Steele in collaboration with Owen Curtis, for evaluation of its Dr A. Basu from Mechanical The second study concentrates on the Worksafe Rehabilitation program. Engineering. Their research is specificity of pain location. Arm and Corporate obligations under Worksafe continuing into the effect of different leg pain tolerance are being legislation include provision for the rugby union scrummaging techniques examined in young unfit adult males social and physical well-being of on cervical spine stress. This project before and after they engage in a employees. It is anticipated that an is funded jointly by the Australian 12-week exercise program which extension of this evaluation will and New Zealand rugby unions. emphasises upper or lower limb con­ include a preventive component. Recommendations to improve safety ditioning. Again, pain tolerance Should this eventuate then an have been submitted to the Inter­ measures are being tested at regular investigation into the relationship national Rugby Board to support intervals during the 12-week period. between lifestyle indicators and changes to the laws of the game. The third study investigates sex productivity will be possible in a A pilot study is under way to differences and cognitive strategies highly controlled corporate evaluate shoulder and lower back for pain tolerance and motor per­ environment. stress in domestics employed in the hospitality industry. This task is characterised by high workload demands and poor working con­ ditions among a usually transient workforce with little recourse to normal industrial support. Both compressive and shear forces at the ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL MATHEMATICS

Co-ordinator: Professor J M Hill, tel. 27 0822

line operator. The challenge is to develop an improved method that allows high-tech precision controls, enabhng an increased operating speed while maintaining the high- quality demands. A mathematical model is paramount towards a greater understanding of the physics behind this method. Antoinette is the first recipient of a BHP Scholarship which is jointly funded by the University and BHP. P. J. O'Connor (Sydney Manufac­ turer of Rubber Engineering Com­ ponents) Dr George Goleniewski is developing a finite element numerical code to predict the performance of rubber engineering components such as bridge bearings and rubber bush mountings. Despite their utilisation In the Department of Mathematics: PhD students (from left), Adrian over several decades, their in-situ Pincombe, John Best and Antionette Tordesillas performance is still a matter for debate because of the underlying HE refinement of big industrial accurately is more likely to increase complexities which govern the Tprocesses by trial and error can in the future. deformation behaviour of rubber. Dr Goleniewski is a National Research frequently involve unnecessary This Research Program is involved, Fellow. The work is supported by Mr expenditure, perhaps even the outlay inter alia, in these engineering and Peter Snowball (Manager of P. J. of millions of dollars on an essentially industrial areas: untested desigfn. In the steel industry, O'Connor). This company, a sub­ sidiary of Tube Makers of Australia, for example, a continuous caster or a BHP Coated Products Division was originally founded to produce strip paint-line process would involve Antoinette Tordesillas is undertaking reliable O-rings for pipelines carrying a very large expenditure to set up for her PhD the development of a gas and petroleum products. and in both cases their successful mathematical model for the roller operation would hinge on the coating process (fig. 1). This coating Material Research Laboratories operator's skill and experience. technique is employed in the coil (Melbourne) Undertaking a PhD The Engineering and Industrial coating industry to produce high- on the dynamics of underwater Mathematics Research Program is quality prepainted sheets of steel such explosions, John Best is employed by concerned with training at the as COLORBOND. Roller coating is a the Materials Research Laboratories honours, PhD and post-doctoral level, process whereby cylindrical rolls are and has been seconded to The to provide students with the necessary used to apply a perfectly uniform, University of WoUongong for the mathematical, numerical and compu­ thin layer of paint in a continuous duration of his PhD research on the tational skills to model industrial manner to a metal surface. The layer dynamics of underwater explosions. processes with the object of providing is no more than the thickness of a His work so far has focused on the a more scientific base to their sheet of paper (~l/an). To date, this dynamics of the bubble formed by operation, and to identify the critical technique remains an art, relying to the gaseous remnants of the factors controlling the process and so a great extent on the expertise of the detonation. The weight of water reduce unnecessary expenditure and product wastage. Fig. 1 Mathematical modelling of industrial metal strip processes is not only inexpensive but applied film in many cases may well be the only method of accurately predicting numerical estimates of key factors \ applied which affect the process. Another applicator roll film example from the steel industry, is .rubber cover that accurate temperature measure­ pickup roll ments are often not possible because backup roll of the high temperatures involved. The capacity for industrial mathe­ bottom matical modelling is thus not a rubber-coverei luxury which industry can afford to roll manage .\ithout and the need to predict industrial performance

10 displaced by the oscillating gas 197.0 197.0 bubble is often the same order as the displacement of a typical target (destroyer) and so has the potential 198.5 198.5 - to cause great damage to marine craft. Experimental and theoretical studies of cavitation-bubble collapse have 200.0 200.0 made clear the existence of high­ speed liquid jets directed towards 201.5 201.5 rigid boundaries. Recent progress has further clarified the nature of such jets in the collapse of explosion 203.0 203.0 bubbles due both to the presence of J.5 0.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 3.0 rigid boundaries and buoyancy forces. Fig. 2 Radial co-ordinate Radial co-ordinate Variations in the parameters describ­ ing the system have revealed a range been identified. Figure 3 shows Methods for Non-linear Engineer­ of curious phenomena, in particular typical current and temperature ing Problems Many important the growth of liquid jets as the profiles on the North-West Shelf. engfineering problems give rise to bubble re-expands (fig. 2). These Work is also under way on the non-linear partial differential results do not appear to have been propagation of fronts, such as shock equations. Such equations are theoretically given previously but are waves, phase change fronts and flame difficult to solve analytically and so qualitatively similar to the results of fronts. These fronts are propagated require numerical solution. Dr Chris various experimental studies on along their normals at a speed Coleman is involved in research small-scale bubbles. The jet forma­ determined from an approximate which extends the Boundary Element tion process is of great significance as analysis of the governing equations. Method (BEM) to such problems. the impact of such jets against rigid The propagation of the fronts can Although this numerical method has boundaries could be a principal be performed numerically very proved highly effective in solving damage-causing agent of the under­ efficiently and quickly. The solutions linear equations, its extension to the water explosion. It is still to be of problems involving complicated non-linear variety has proved determined what range of physical geometry, which are very expensive difficult. Over the past year, however, parameters describing the system will computationally when the exact a new approach that allows for the optimise this damage. equations are solved, can be found easy extension of BEMs has been Production of oil and gas on the easily using this method. devised. The development is expected North-West Shelf Dr Noel Smyth is to have important implications for many practical problems. involved in research related to the Modelling of applications of tidal behaviour around the Australian microwave energy Adrian Consultancy This year Dr Chris North-West Shelf. The Shelf is an Pincombe is undertaking research for Coleman has expanded his consul­ important oil and gas production the PhD degpree involved in the tancy activities, with clients from area, characterised by a strong, modelling of various applications of local manufacturing and research large-amplitude, semi-diurnal microwave energy. The Microwave organisations. Projects have included internal tide. Work is proceeding to Applications Research Centre the design of power cables, the model this tidal flow to understand (directed by Professor Howard modelling of metal forming processes its observed features. The strong Worner) is a world leader in this area and the diffusion of gas in coal seams. currents associated with this tide can and several staff of this group have have significant effects on offshore related mathematical research Other research areas of this group structures and the features of the interests. This little-understood include non-linear diffusion (Dr background current, and stratifica­ area provides another example of Desmond Hill), and evolution of long tion on the North-West Shelf, which complex phenomena to which mathe­ waves in shallow water (Dr Timothy generate these strong currents, have maticians can contribute. Marchant).

Fig. 3 APRIL 1982

11 g^gggmsss QUATERNARY RESEARCH Coordinator: A. Professor G C Nanson, tel. 27 0631

IRE predictions are being made if the sea level rises, as predicted in D in the media and popular the greenhouse scenario. scientific press about the possible The Republic of the Maldives in the impact of climatic change on the Indian Ocean is composed of more future environment of Australia. Will than 20 coral atolls, with over a the greenhouse scenario actually thousand small sandy islands, none occur and, if it does, will it sub­ rising more than a few metres above stantially alter our climate? sea level. It is one of the most Speculation about the possible vulnerable of all nations if the sea impact of future climatic change is should rise rapidly. President impossible to substantiate or refute Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, of the while we have so little data on the Maldives, is well aware of the danger, effects of past change on a diverse and has expressed his nation's continent. The last interglacial, concern to the United Nations. about 120,000 years before present (y.B.P), is believed to have been Dr Colin Woodroffe, of The warmer than the present interglacial; University of Wollongong's for that reason it makes an interest­ Department of Geography, who has ing analogue for predicting Aus­ undertaken research on a number of tralian environmental changes should Pacific and Indian Ocean atolls, was world temperatures rise in the near invited to the Maldives in February future. Furthermore, the acquisition by the Ministry of Planning and of a thermoluminescence dating Environment, as a part of President laboratory by the Geography Depart­ Gayoom's initiative. Dr Woodroffe ment, and co-operative links with was able to travel extensively through keep up with a gradual rise in sea uranium-thorium dating facilities the islands, surveying transects across level. at Lucas Heights, means that many of the islands that he visited, Dr Woodroffe suggests that over the researchers can now extend thereby providing the first detailed past 3,000 years the sea level has geochronological dating of the information on height and changed very little relative to the Quaternary from a limit of about topography. The highest point that Maldives, and that this stability has 30,000 years, based on radiocarbon he surveyed was a sandy ridge only enabled the islands to build up. More dating, to about 400,000 yB.P 3.5rn above high-water mark; many importantly, Dr Woodroffe's pre­ The Quaternary Research Group of the villages are less than Im above liminary analysis of growth bands in stands on the verge of being able to high water. a coral specimen that he brought reveal a great deal about this Since they are lower-lying, the back from one of the islands continent's changing river regimes, Maldives have far less extensive indicates that there have been vegetation sequences, desert cemented coral conglomerate deposits fluctuations, but negligible overall environments and coastal conditions than most coral atolls. This appears increase, in water levels over the past over a period spanning nearly the to be because they lie close to the 20 to 30 years. On these remote past half million years. Moreover, equator, and thus rarely, if ever, islands, where no tidal records have because of the latitudinal extent of experience severe hurricanes. been kept, further analysis of water Australia, we will be able to describe Although they are extremely destruc­ levels from the corals themselves is these changes for a portion of the tive to atolls when they pass over likely to become increasingly globe that extends from the tropics to them, hurricanes also serve to build important in the reconstruction and the cool-temperate zone, as well as up coarse rubble ramparts that give monitoring of sea-level change. for some of the most arid environ­ these other atolls some protection ments on this planet. The past could from higher water levels. Cocos (Keeling) Islands well be the key to understanding the Dr Woodroffe has written a 64-page project future. report, entitled Maldives and Sea- Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an level rise: an environmental perspec­ Australian Territory, form an isolated tive, to the Maldives government, coral atoll in the eastern Indian Sea-level research in the advising on a program of environ­ Ocean. This was the only coral atoll Maldives mental monitoring and management. that Charles Darwin visited during Coral atolls are ring-shape reefs in In the report he has indicated that the voyage of the Beagle, and they the middle of tropical oceans. They coral atolls are in a delicate balance became central to the development of shelter a lagoon in their centre, while with sea level. The surface form of this theory of coral reef development. around their perimeter there are the atoll and of the reef islands has Initially funded by the National small sandy islands composed entirely developed as sea level has risen, Geographic Society, but now sup­ of the broken, skeletal fragments of through the growth of live coral. The ported by the Quaternary Research coral, molluscs, algae and other sediment that comprises the islands is Australian Program and Research organisms living on the reef. Because continuing to be produced by the Council, this project, a part of the they are such low-lying, unconsoli­ breakdown of dead coral and program, is aimed at studying the dated islands, they are particularly associated organisms. A healthy reef past development of the atoll, the threatened by inundation and erosion may therefore have the potential to present processes of island formation

12 Looking across the lagoon of Cocos ment of a tropical-monsoonal fan- (Keeling): a coral atoll in the Indian delta sedimentary-model. This will be Ocean. The platform around the used in the exploration of oil and gas islands in the foreground is composed in this basin, and other similar of cemented coral conglomerate and radiometric dating indicates that it was basins, where fluvial and marine deposited when the sea level was higher, sequences interact due to frequent approximately 3000 years ago sea-level change. For this reason the program is being supported logistically by Comalco Aluminium the alluvial history of Magela Creek, Ltd which holds exploration licences a major tributary of the East for the area. Alligator River in Kakadu National Park. The report shows that sea-level In addition to continued examination change has been the major factor of the East Alligator, South Alligator controlling alluvial deposition and and Adelaide river systems in the erosion along these northern coastal Northern Territory, the program has rivers for more than 400,000 years. just secured substantial funding from They have identified a sequence of the Conservation Commission of the alluvial deposition, very similar to Northern Territory to undertake that over the past few thousand collaborative research on the Mary years, but going back over 1.3 million River system in the Top End. years. A prominent feature of many of the On the Gilbert River fandelta in the river systems and their adjacent Gulf of Carpentaria, Associate freshwater wetlands along the north and the future response of the atoll Professors Jones, Nanson and Young coast of Australia is the intrusion of to anticipated sea-level rise, resulting have identified an extensive sand salt water from the tidal systems into from the greenhouse effect. body at 20-70m depth that dates at the freshwater wetlands, devastating Research by Dr Colin Woodroffe (and c. 120,000 y.B.P. A pronounced shift their plant and animal life. The Professor Roger McLean from the in flow regfime in the Gulf Country focus of the research is on the Australian Defence Force Academy) rivers deposited muddy sequences processes causing the changes to the has indicated that so far the overall from about 80,000 y.B.P to the morphodynamics of these systems. present, according to thermolumines­ structure is consistent with the Fieldwork in 1989 by Drs Woodroffe cence dating by Mr David Price. formation of the atoll by gradual and Bryant is concentrating on the These results agree with work done in subsidence as envisaged by Darwin. Mary River system where enormous the Channel Country of Queensland They have encountered last inter­ areas of paperbark swamp have been in the mid 1980s by Nanson, Young glacial reef limestones at 12 to I5m killed by saline intrusion. Many of and Price. It appears that the below sea level, which supports the local environmental scientists northern Australian rivers responded gfradual subsidence of the atoll base­ consider that feral buffalo have dramatically to the major fluctua­ ment. However, the Holocene broken down the natural levees to the tions in sea level and the accompany­ evolution of the atoll has been more river, allowing tidal penetration; ing climatic perturbations associated complex and there is widespread others believe this degradation is due with the world's glacial and inter­ geomorphological evidence that the to sea-level rise. The work is aimed glacial events. Short periods of sea level was slightly higher than at establishing the chronology of interglacial climate were associated present relative to individual reef change, and reconstructing past with powerful sand-load rivers islands. Radiocarbon-dating has environments in the area, with a view whereas the long glacial episodes and indicated a sea level 50 to 150cm to better environmental management early interglacial were characterised above present about 3,000 years ago. of the systems and the prediction of by less active mud-load rivers. Many of the islands themselves have future changes. formed since 3,000 years ago. Further work on the Gilbert fandelta The program plans to expand this is recognising distinct carbonate and Research on Cocos in July 1989 line of research to examine the subtle iron oxide weathering episodes that focused on determining the pattern responses of both fluvial and are related to changing sedimentation of change on the atoll in the past estuarine systems to environmental and climatic condition associated changes, not only in northern 3,000 years, and on assessing the with the waxing and waning of the Australia, but also in similar systems suitability of selected corals for Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. in the Pacific and South-east Asian reconstructing annual water level The present surface of the fandelta regions. changes. reveals distinctive episodes of channel Remote sensing of Tropical rivers and estuaries switching by avulsion that, in response to rapid sedimentation, are anthropogenic influences The objectives of research on tropical causing channels to form and become estuaries is to determine the pattern of vegetation abandoned within a few hundreds or of change on major river systems in In a project dealing with the most thousands of years. the wet-dry tropics of northern recent of Quaternary changes to the Australia. Associate Professor Gerald Deeper drilling of the fandelta is Australian environment, remote Nanson has completed a report on providing data vital for the develop­ sensing is used to map the extent and

13 ian»*'5'—-'

The tidal Adelaide River, Northern Territory, meanders across a sedge and grass-covered floodplain. Drilling and radiometric dating have shown that there was an extensive mangrove swamp there 6000 years ago. Mangroves were eliminated from most of the plains, as sediment built up, and are now confined to the insides of the tidal meanders

Quaternary Research Program

Under the umbrella of this pro­ gram students will be encouraged to undertake research projects in these areas: Coastal research: Studies of coral atolls and sandy beaches are providing evidence of sea level fluctuation and coastal erosion that could be attributed to the greenhouse effect and to the Southern Oscillation. Tropical estuaries and coastal sand dunes of the temperate zone are being investigated for evidence of the last major world­ wide rise in sea level and for evidence of interglacial events. Fluvial Geomorphology; Studies are presently examining the Late Quaternary history (last 300,000 years) of Australian river systems in tropical, arid and temperate zones of the continent. Detailed process studies are examining anastomosing and braided rivers, bedload transport, channel migration, floodplain formation timing of fire patterns in the East characteristics of Aboriginal and non- and river-bank erosion. Kimberley region of WA. This is to Aboriginal fires can be discerned by Remote sensing: This technique compare the patterns of fire used by remotely sensed imagery, or whether is being developed to monitor Aborigines and white pastoralists, other factors such as soil type and environmental change and to and to assess the relative impacts on nature of the understorey vegetation provide data on land manage­ the vegetation of these different uses overwhelm the signal. Either way, the ment and flood hydrology. of fire. information derived will provide an Pollen and charcoal analysis: Fieldwork was carried out in May- important tool for more informed decision making by bodies which Research here focuses on June 1988 by Dr Lesley Head, when Aboriginal settlement patterns in detailed mapping of burning around have responsibility for fire manage­ relation to changing vegetation Marralam Outstation was under­ ment in this and similar areas. patterns during the Quaternary, taken. This included Aborigines It is hoped to repeat the process of also linking vegetation change burning for hunting and access, and comparing ground-mapped fires with with coastal and fluvial systems. station managers burning firebreaks TM data in the late dry season of and to reduce fuel load. This map, 1989. In this way some estimate can and information obtained from inter­ be made of the sequence of burning views with both Aborigines and white over a full dry season cycle. This land managers, will be compared by study will lead to a clearer under­ Toni O'Neill with Landsat Thematic standing of the comparative role of Mapper (TM) Imagery for the same Europeans and Aborigines in altering period. This is a pilot study to the vegetation in the outback regions determine whether the different of this continent.

mm.w:..'^^SSiEf^^ ^ 14 SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH Co-ordinators: A. Professor C Ewan, tel. 0462 and A. Professor L L Viney, tel. 27 0693

ITURE trends in health are interest relate to the interface Fdifficult to predict. The advent between inpatient and community of AIDS and the decline in the care, policy, the process and struc­ incidence of heart disease are two tures of hospitalisation, the quality of examples of unpredictability. We do life of clients, families and the know, however, that, as acute life- support systems in being for both threatening disease becomes more clients and staff. treatable, chronic debilitating diseases Other health-related studies are also become relatively more prevalent — being undertaken by members of the and social, environmental and program in smaller interdisciplinary psychological aspects of ill-health research teams. The Department of become more prominent. Psychologfy has a major initiative in The need to provide services for the field of AIDS. It has been funded increased numbers of people requir­ to develop and evaluate psychosocial ing long-term care inevitably places a interventions for people affected by financial strain on governments, the disease. The research is based on anxious to ensure that health services an extensive program of research, are cost effective, and that all testing a constructionist model of possible steps are taken to reduce the people's reactions to illness and need for health care through health- surgery. The evidence suggests that promotion and disease prevention. people respond psychologically not to And, of course, since low socio­ their illness per se but to the images economic and minority groups have a they create of it. This program has higher incidence of illness and identified a common pattern of premature death than do the more reaction, established important privileged sectors of society, there is a correlates, and tested interventions need for policy and service develop­ based on the model with those people ment which promotes equity in who are hospitalised with acute health care. illness and those who are dealing at Existing health systems, professions home with chronic illness. Models of and services are struggling to the social supports used by AIDS- accommodate changing 'client' affected people are also being tested. A. Professor Christine Ewan populations, needs and means of Another area of research by members providing services. Research is of staff in the Psychology Department necessary to assist that accommoda­ is concerned with the development of tion and to develop effective options a program for the prevention of for the future. The agenda for the eating disorders among secondary- Social and Psychological Health school girls. One part of that Research Program encompasses research — funded for three years by a questions of health policy, equity, NH&MRC grant —is an examination desirable health behaviours is not an health promotion, service delivery of the role of dietary and cognitive explanation. Preliminary analysis and 'client' need and response in factors in perpetuating binge eating indicates that at least a partial health-care settings. in bulimia nervosa. answer relates to the information The Social and Psychological Health people choose to incorporate into Research Program is focusing initially And another important component their personal assessments of risk and on a collaborative project with the aims to test the usefulness of models their decisions to change behaviour. Illawarra Area Health Service. Staff of attutide-change in reducing young Further research is planned to follow from the Departments of Public girls' negative attitudes to their this line of enquiry. Health, Psychology, Nursing and bodies and their preoccupation with A related study involves exploring the Sociology at The University of dieting to lose weight, which are relationship between stress in the WoUongong, and the Planning and assumed to put them 'at risk' for the context of the workplace and the development of an eating disorder. Development Branch of the Illawarra incidence of heart-disease risk factors. Area Health Service, are planning a The Public Health Division of the The study is based on a theory which major study which will explore the School of Health Sciences is investi­ suggests that people whose jobs create dynamics of client and family inter­ gating social and educational aspects heavy demand and offer little action with the newly established of heart-disease prevention. As personal discretion for use of time Palliative Care Service. The program mentioned earlier, lower-educational will be most at risk of developing has elicited very positive responses and socio-economic groups have a stress-related heart disease. Social and from clients and health professionals, higher incidence of risk factors and psychological correlates of health and the study aims to analyse the heart disease. Yet, satisfactory behaviour and heart-disease risk is a effective components of the Service explanations for this observation are field which offers considerable scope and to highlight areas with potential lacking. From the research conducted for interdisciplinary research. It will for enhancement. Components of the by the School it is clear that lack of continue to be a major research Service which are of particular knowledge about prevention and theme within the program.

15 ELECTRONIC AND VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS Coordinator: Professor P Fisher, tel. 27 0556

A Ph.D. student in the Department of Physics uses the laser photoluminescence facility for studying the properties of compound semi­ conductors and heterostructures

HE principle interest of the group particles can combine to form a by ingenious experimentation, can be Tinvolved in this program is in the hydrogenic entity. One of the earliest- detected. There are also solid-state properties of impurities and excitons recognised such pairing was in the analogues of the H-atom. These are and their complexes in elemental and positronium 'atom' in which the illustrated most simply by considering compound semiconductors. It is the proton of the hydrogen atom is one of the group IV elemental semi­ nature of the impurities in such semi­ replaced by a positron. The positron conductors, carbon (diamond form), conductors that is the origin of most is the antiparticle of the electron; silicon or germanium (Ge). Neutral of the devices producing the high- these annihilate each other in ~I0""' atomic Ge, for example, has a technology revolution sweeping the seconds when a close encounter valency of four. Of its total electron world. It is interesting that the occurs. Thus, in our electron-based complement of 32, four of its behaviour of many impurities in universe, positrons do not survive electrons enter into chemical bonds these solids can be understood from for long. The matter is converted with valence electrons of other our knowledge of the hydrogen atom into pure electromagnetic energy (7- elements. In particular, when (H-atom). Hydrogen is the simplest of rays) according to Einstein's mass- crystalline Ge forms, the four valence all the elements and consists of a energy relation. electrons of each atom enter into bonds with the four nearest Ge single negative electrical charge, an Many hydrogenic systems can be neighbours producing what are aptly electron, bound to a single positive produced such as mesonic, muonic called covalent chemical bonds, each charge, a proton (one of the two and pionic atoms. Like positronium, bond accommodating one valence constituents of all nucleii). These these systems are also short-lived but. particles are attracted to one another electron from each of the two by the same type of force which neighbours so bound. These bonds attracts all oppositely charged are very directional and strong and particles to each other and, con­ cause the crystal to be hard and versely, causes all like-charged brittle. particles to repel each other. If sufficient energy is provided, it is The hydrogen atom has been the possible to disrupt one of these bonds 'Rosetta Stone' of atomic physics. It is and free one of the valence electrons also the building block of the which is now able to move through universe, permeating most of space. the crystal. This leaves one of the Ge It is the hydrogen in galactic space atoms with an unpaired electron. which, after being excited by the The combination of all the com­ light from young hot stars in a pleted valence bonds and the galaxy, relaxes and emits the red unpaired one represents an entity radiation that provides the artistic called a hole, analogous to the backdrop to so many of the positron, with a positive charge to astronomical marvels. which the freed electron (or any Fig.l The hydrogen-like (hydrogenic) other free electron which might be s\'stem is ubiquitous in another sense. available) is attracted to forrn a Any pair of oppositely charged hydrogenic system called an exciton.

16 Gallium Doped Germanium holes which become bound to the negatively charged impurity ions again to form hydrogenic 'atoms'. D Ell [001] The most powerful technique for unravelling atomic properties is that /->15 C of optical spectroscopy. It was the 's optical spectrum of the H-atom which provided the stimulus for understanding the nature of the

o - - world as it exists on the atomic scale. It is this method which has been

Coefficien t used to explore and elucidate the hydrogenic 'atoms' described above. _ Two basic processes are used in such U l rptio n studies. Either the atomic system is B A" exposed to a band of 'colours' Abs o containing those it absorbs so that JG \ / the transmitted beam is deficient in 3 these 'colours', or it is excited by 10 11 some means and a spectral analysis Fig. 2 Photon Energy (meV) performed on the radiation emitted Again, like positronium, this is short needed to dissociate the normal H- as it relaxes back to its normal state. lived —the electron recombining with atom. Thus, even at average These two techniques are called, the hole to annihilate the vacancy in temperatures, the thermal agitation respectively, absorption and emission the disrupted valence bond. In the of the Ge atoms of the crystal is spectroscopy. case of the exciton, unlike the H- sufficient to free the electron so that The program described employs atom and positronium, the negative it is available to participate in the both these methods. Spectroscopic and positive charges 'see' each other conduction processes of the solid. By facilities have been constructed which only 'dimly' since there are many controlling the concentrations of permit absorption spectroscopy to be intervening Ge atoms between them. these impurities, it is thus possible to performed from the visible to the far The medium in which these hydro­ control the electrical conductivity of infrared part of the spectrum. The genic atoms are formed thus imposes the host medium. heart of the absorption technique is a its properties on the 'atomic' system high-resolution spectrometer just as the vacuum impresses its A model similar to this applies for equipped with a source of radiation properties on a H-atom. A study of gfroup III elements in these semicon­ containing those 'colours' which excitons thus provides information ductors. In this case, since only three match the spectral response of the not only about the entity itself but valence electrons are available per samples to be examined and a highly also about the host. impurity, these latter accept a sensitive low-noise radiation detector capable of 'seeing' in the spectral If one of the germanium atoms in a valence electron from the host leaving crystal is directly substituted by an impurity atom such as arsenic (As), a Boron Doped Silicon group V element, then only four of its five valence electrons can be accommodated in the four covalent bonds binding the impurity into its site in the crystal. The remaining electron can now wander through the solid and conduct electricity. It will also be attracted by the now posi­ tively charged impurity ion to form a an hydrogenic atom (fig. 1) with the '3 ion taking on the role of the proton. 8 Again, a large number of Ge atoms o are interposed between the donor s electron and the impurity ion and thus the properties of the host strongly influence those of the o hydrogenic 'atom'. This affects the < strength of the force which binds the two charged entities together with the result that the energy required to disrupt the 'atom' is reduced by a thousand-fold compared with that Photon Energy (meV)

17 8000 - another semiconductor and provides e^°:C T-4K enormous flexibility in device design. The behaviour of electrons when p-GaAs D'-/f-C confined to 'boxes' of atomic Ar*24 mW-cm dimensions (quantum wells), is 6000- significantly different to their tn behaviour when restricted to bulk '(b) H-plasma substances. The laser spectroscopy 3 facility mentioned above is ideally y6 excitons suited for studying these layered or 4000 heterostructured materials. One staff member has recently been on leave, consolidating his experimental pro­ gram in this area with collaborators E at two of the major laboratories in 3 2000 England. Another staff member spent 1988 in a major industrial research laboratory in the United States involved in theoretical work on such structures. Studies of such materials have become a significant part of the 6400 BISO B200 B250 8300 8350 program. Wavelength (A) The various aspects of the program Fig. 4 being explored are: range of interest. In addition, to unique effects. State-of-the-art (i) Piezo-Zeeman effects of bound minimise thermal effects which either Fourier spectrometers and liquid acceptor states in bulk silicon dissociate the impurity (or exciton) helium-cooled detectors are in use and germanium. hydrogenic systems or smear out their with a high-field superconducting (ii) Magneto-piezo-optical effects sharp spectral features, the samples magnet. due to transitions between are cooled to near liquid helium bound impurity states and 'free temperature, ie, — 269degC. Emission spectroscopy is carried out in the visible and near infrared. electron' states. The absorption spectrum of gallium Stimulation of the semiconductor is (iii) Impurity spectra at 'ultra-low' impurity in germanium is shown in produced either by radiation from a temperatures. fig. 2 while part of that of boron in high power argon ion laser or from a silicon is shown in fig. 3. These are (iv) Direct determination of mag­ dye laser pumped by the argon laser. netic properties of electrons and typical of group III acceptors in these Currently, a new high-technology 25 two technologically important semi­ their excitations in bulk com­ watt pump laser is on order; this will pound semiconductors. conductors. Theoretical models have be the first of its kind in Australia. been devised to explain the detailed Figure 4 shows the spectrum of (v) Hydrogen passivation of features of the above spectra. In excitons and exciton-impurity com­ impurities and defects in com­ the past three years, these have plexes in gallium arsenide (GaAs), pound semiconductors and become very successful. A wealth of before and after treatment with layered heterostructures. additional information can be monatomic hydrogen. This process is (vi) Study of the magnetic field obtained if these systems are sub­ used deliberately to nullify or behaviour of electronic structure jected to external perturbations. passivate the electrical properties of in some low-dimensional layered In addition to the application of undesirable impurities to improve the semiconductors especially magnetic fields which produce device quality of the GaAs. This strained layer lattice mis­ Zeeman spectra, these 'atomic' material is of great technological matched structures. systems, since they are embedded in a interest and is rapidly replacing (vii) Theory of heterostructures. medium which can sustain a shear, silicon in many device applications. can be subjected to stress fields. The The program involves these people: strains produced by uniaxial forces The foregoing description and M M Alnaghy (Ph.D. student), K J along high symmetry directions of the activities involve the bulk properties Duff (Sen. Lect.), P Fisher (Pro­ crystalline host also disturb the of semiconductors. In the past 15 fessor), T A Fisher (Ph.D. student), 'atomic' systems in a predictable way years a revolutionary change has C A Freeth (Lect.), R A Lewis and presents a very fruitful way, taken place in the preparation of (Lect.), A D Martin (Sen. Lect.), called piezospectroscopy, by which materials. These new techniques N A McLean (Res. Assist.), G Piao their detailed properties can be permit the deposition of elements (Visiting Scholar), D S Ryan (Hons. determined. A combination of a atomic layer by atomic layer to student), R M Silver (Hons. student), stress and a magnetic field applied fabricate exotic structures. This P E Simmonds (Sen. Lect.), G Takacs simultaneously is found to simplify allows atomic layers of a given (Teaching Fellow; Ph.D. student), the interpretation of Zeeman spectra semiconducting substance to be REM Vickers (Res. Fellow) and A D on their own and also produces other sandwiched between atomic layers of Warner (Ph.D. student).

18 COMPUTING SCIENCE Coordinator: A. Professor G Doherty, tel. 27 0859

ACADEMIC staff in the Depart- •^*- ment of Computing Science are involved in three significant research programs. First of these is Knowledge-based Computing, which includes elements of artificial intelligence, database design, image processing and knowledge acquisition and representation. Second is a program looking at Industrial Automation, including echolocation using sonar, manipulator kinematics, and robot sensing and path planning. The third examines Advanced Tele­ communication, including modelling of fast packet switched networks. The department also distributes mathe­ matical software for Australia, using the netlib software from Argonne on equipment purchased from an ARC gprant. Knowledge-based computing Chief investigator for the project which carries the working title of A. Professor Greg Doherty is head of the Department of Computing Science Applications of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Chemistry is Dr N. A. B. Gray. The project explores scientific applications of artificial plex system model. Chief Investigator concerns the development and refine­ intelligence techniques such as frame- is Dr L Maciaszek. Two papers ment of digital image classifications based reasoning and scripts. The describing IDDK research have been and learning methods. A system of overall objective is the automation of published. learning structural descriptions from the processes for the transfer of In 1989, the research team has images has been formulated. information from existing scientific completed the acceptance testing and Specifically, given a set of object literature to computer knowledge the implementation of the data flow descriptions, the algorithm structures bases. The specific applications are diagram editor (DFD-Edit). A revised the objects into a hierarchy of taken from the domain of organic version of DFD-Edit is now available clusters. Each cluster contains objects structural chemistry, and include the commercially. that are similar to each other in the development of methods for the sense that they score similarly on the DFD-Edit prototype has been success­ interpretation of printed chemical important, user- or system-defined, fully used for teaching (CSC1311- structural diagrams, and a study of attributes. The algorithm has been Software Engineering, 82 students). the use of Frames and Scripts for the developed to interpret remote-sensing Two student texts have been pub­ 'understanding' of scientific journal data, using image features and lished. articles. reasoning methods that correspond to Knowledge-base procedures the human interpreter representation and might use. Chief Investigator is J. Development of intelligent Korczak. database design tools management IDDK software is an integrated A prototype of the image database Development of the theory environment for software develop­ consisting of satellite images, maps, digital terrain models, and photo­ underlying resolution of ment, providing a set of tools (ERA- queries in Prolog, in Edit, DFD-Edit) that aid the require­ graphs, has been developed. The ments definition, design and specifi­ specification of image processing particular negation cation of information systems. The functions has been defined; incor­ An extension of pure Horn clause logic graphical editors provide a powerful, porating image manipulation programming has been proposed and easy-to-use interface for drawing and functions, plotting functions (3D, analysed. The main features are that annotating diagrams, printing them, contour plots. Dither, scatter negation is allowed in the heads as well and checking the resulting model for diagrams), statistical functions, as the bodies of clauses and is given a completeness and consistency. These filtering, and an image operation pure open world interpretation, and comprehensive features allow analysts language. A unified file format for that the semantics agrees with that of and designers to concentrate on storing the image database objects pure Horn clause programming when problem understanding and has been developed. A prototype of restricted to that case. Soundness and definition without having to worry user interface has been proposed. completeness results have been given. about manual maintenance of a com- The second field of investigation Chief Investigator is P. Nickolas.

19 FOSSIL FUELS-BACKBONE OF AUSTRALIA'S ENERGY NEEDS

Coordinator: Dr A C Hutton, tel. 27 0832

ESPITE the poor publicity that D fossil fuels have attracted because of the purported damage to the environment and the association with the greenhouse effect, both coal and petroleum are essential for Austraha's immediate and long-term energy requirements. A majority of Australia's near-Asian neighbours, who are also looking to develop their natural resources and to increase their standard of living, face a similar need. The reasons for this relate mostly to the lead times required to find and exploit alternative energy sources; and the size of the resources required to meet domestic demand. And, of course, Australia's economy relies heavily on the export of steaming and coking coals to international markets. The Fossil Fuels Program is well placed to become a leading research centre for the energy developments in the immediate and medium-term future. Historically, research activities of the Departments of Geology and Civil and Mining Engineering have focused on fossil fuels because of the location of the University in the centre of an area that has been at the forefront of the coal-mining industry since its inception. Active collaboration between the depart­ ments, industry and other research institutions has seen the evolution of a dynamic and diverse research program encompassing coal and petroleum geology, organic petrography, hydrocarbon generation, geochemistry and sedimentology of oil shales, ground control and mine safety, coke, resource assessment and quality control. Dr Adrian Hutton uses a petrographic microscope for Reflectance work The research program encompasses six projects: Project 1—sedimentology and stratigraphy of coal sequences; Project 2—thick seam mining; Project 3—resources, quality control and coke; Project 4—petroleum basins; Project 5—characterisation of oil shale; and Project 6—pyrolysis and geochemistry of oil shales. One of the strengths of the program has been, and will continue to be, the liaison between the researchers and a large postgraduate enrolment including full-time and industry- Hnked, part-time students. In recent years, many postgraduates have been attracted from Asian countries a

20 factor which has been beneficial to Researchers in the Department of control strategies using geostatistical both the University and the Asian Civil and Mining Engineering are tools. Research includes development countries. As our Asian neighbours appraising parameters which affect of an algorithm to select the optimal develop their natural resources, they the power support rating of thick subset of samples from an available are relying on other countries to (greater than five metres) coal seams. drilling program. Future work will enter into joint ventures to develop This research revolves the integration concentrate on the computerisation them, to provide skilled personnel to of the classical approach of support of the algorithm as well as validating lead programs and to participate in determination to coal seams, the efficiency of the developed training local workers. By promoting especially those in Queensland. The algorithm. an active research program and Department is also interested in The challenge to the petroleum attracting postgraduate students from safety features that need to be industry is to discover oil and gas these countries, the Fossil Fuels addressed in relation to thick-seam under a low and stable price regime Program is providing assistance for mining; a laboratory study on the gas in areas which range from poorly some of the requests from these content in coal, using absorption and known to extensively explored. countries while at the same time desorption techniques, is well Associated problems that have been participating in the development of advanced. The Department is seeking identified include ways of recognising their resources. funding for several new initiatives source rocks, the accurate including the determination of Both the Departments of Geology measurement of the extent and powered-support rating specifications and Civil and Mining Engineering timing of oil generation, migration for thick seam mining, the are important participants of the Key mechanisms and location of traps. optimisation of longwall mining and Centre for Mines, which developed A comparative study of Korean and the prediction of subsidence using the through the initiatives of The Australian petroleum basins, by influence function method. A two- University of WoUongong and the Professor Alan Cook and Dr Joseph day workshop on Operator Training University of New South Wales. Kim of KIER (Korea), is under way. in Longwall, to be held in October Emphasis on long-distance teaching Another project concerns the will promote increased participation 1989, is being organised by Dr comparison of some Australian and in Asian countries such as Papua Najdat Aziz. Indonesian basins that have a common feature in that the source New Guinea and Indonesia, thus Coal and coke properties continue to strengthening ties already in place. rocks were deposited under freshwater be important for domestic and conditions. This common link is the The objectives of Project I are, first, overseas steel industries. An area in focus of much of the research under­ to understand the geology of coal which the Department of Geology taken by Indonesian postgraduate basins, in Australia and overseas, has played a key role is the students studying in the Department especially the composition of coals standardisation of petrographic of Geology. and the nature and geometry of analyses and the acceptance of new Dr Leonie Jones, who recently joined interseam clastic units. Second, the classification standards. Researchers the Department, has a background in research group is attempting to participate in meetings of the petroleum exploration and brings evaluate the basins with regard to the Standards Association of Australia expertise in laboratory rock physics. tectonic events which led to their and are active members of the Inter­ Current interests relate to the formation and the implications of national Committee for Coal physical properties of coal, in these events on the origin and Petrology (ICCP). Aivars Depers is particular those relating to the properties of coal. co-ordinating plans, which are well in hand, for a meeting (jointly with the propagation of seismic waves. Such A five-year study of the southern University of Newcastle) of the ICCP studies provide fundamental Sydney Basin, funded in part by a in WoUongong, during February laboratory data that can be used for NERDDP grant and supervised by Dr interpreting in-seam and surface 1990. This will be the first meeting Adrian Hutton and Dr Brian Jones, is seismic waves. of this international body to be held nearing completion and the results in the Southern Hemisphere. Oil-shale studies remain a priority indicate that common terminology Research on the effects of micro­ area for the Department of Geology. for the geological units across the waves on coal, in particular, the Continuing research includes the basin, from WoUongong to Lithgow, petrography of microwaved coal compilation of a data bank of is feasible. This will have a signifi­ samples, has been carried out in geologic, petrographic, mineralogic cant influence on programs to collaboration with staff from the and sedimentologic parameters of develop coal not yet being mined, Microwave Applications Research Australian and overseas oil shales. and on the marketing of coal. Centre on campus. Resources studies One specific area of interest is a Culmination of the program will be a in the Department of Civil and comparative study of Tertiary oil four-day workshop-excursion, under Mining Engineering, under the shales in Australia and Thailand; the auspices of the Coal Geology leadership of Dr Ernest Baafi, centre funding is being sought for this Specialist Group of the Australian on optimal drilling and coal quality- study. Geological Society in February 1990. PhD and MSc students are also engaged in studies of Indonesian coal basins. Studies such as these will be beneficial when mining projects are developed.

21 ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY Coordinator: Dr I S Jawahir, tel. 27 0060

High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) HE Advanced Manufacturing • a CAD/CAM System on Apollo TTechnology Research Program Domain Computer Network with steel, which is a normally difficult-to- was launched in 1988/89 with the Graftek software and support machine material, was tested experi­ specific aims of promoting inter­ systems. mentally under a wide range of cutting conditions using standard disciplinary and co-operative research These basic facilities are being in­ CNMG coated carbide tool inserts on through a greater integration of creasingly used by a number of our newly acquired Hitachi Seiki intellectual and professional skills. researchers in different research Turning Centre. Chip forms/shapes The major objective of the program areas. was the fostering of research which and surface finish investigations have could be made available to the been made. Further experimental growing needs of the Australian work is being carried out with a view manufacturing industry. to assessing the total machinability of Manufacturing Processes, this material, particularly under The basic facilities established in Machine Tools and Tooling varying conditions and with the collaboration with the Department application of cutting fluids. of Mechanical Engineering and the Three major research projects have Automation and Engineering Appli­ Researchers; Dr I S Jawahir, Dr A been undertaken. One of these is an cation Centre (AEAC), under the Basu, Dr T Chandra, Professor W B experimental investigation on sponsorship of the Centre for Plumbridge, Dr N Cane (CSIRO), machinability assessments, with Advanced Manufacturing and Dr R. Rudziejewski. Industrial Automation (CAMIA), coated and uncoated cutting tools of include the setting up of: controlled groove geometry. The outcome has revealed the superiority • a Flexible Manufacturing System of the coated tools in wear, reducing Intelligent Manufacturing (FMS) consisting of two CNC power consumption and the surface machines (a HITACHI Seiki Turn­ finish on the machined surface, while Systems ing Centre and a Zenford Ziegler no significant difference was observed Machining Centre) and a GMF in the chip forms/shapes. In a related Three projects have been undertaken Industrial Robot —pictured on the CSIRO collaborated project, cutting- into Intelligent Manufacturing facing page. (A sensor-based tool performance assessments were Systems. In an Australian Research Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) made using commercially available Council-supported project on a with a pallet transporting system tools of varying geometry. This work knowledge-based system for chip will be installed soon.) was strategically targeted at thin chip control in automated manufacture, • a computer-assisted Quality Moni­ formation, i.e., chip formation at low significant progress has been made. toring Systems Laboratory con­ feeds and at low widths of cut, which With a view to helping the process sisting of a fully integrated is a 'problem area' in machining- planner to select the most suitable Ferranti Co-ordinate Measuring based manufacturing, and involved cutting conditions and tool geometry Machine (CMM) and a Surfcom design and development of chip for the best chip formation, i.e., Surface Measuring Machine, both groove geometries which satisfied the chips that cause no problems in the interfaced with a computer system requirements in thin chip breaking, machining process and can be easily and a Nikon Optical Profile demonstrating a potential industrial disposed of, an expert system has Projector. application. been developed and tested under a wide range of cutting conditions, tool geometries and work materials. This system is based on a fuzzy mathematical model and utilises a machining database set up from the experimental results, and a group of knowledge rules written in TURBO Prolog. This work is presently extended to designing of most efficient chip breakers for use in unmanned systems. The project on automatic knowledge- acquisition system, designed for automatically generating a set of production rules for expert systems, deals with the techniques of question generation for a specific knowledge- based structure, and of inducing and deducing knowledge from an inter­ view session with experts. An investi­ gation of the use of natural-language-

22 The Flexible Manufacturing System

concerned with the progframming for interpretation techniques in a Quality Monitoring Systems numerical control, on geometric knowledge domain for manufacturing and Technologies errors and the surface conditions is also aimed at. such as the surface finish have been In a project on friction and wear In a new project on automated investigated. Measurements of monitoring of engineering surfaces a quality monitoring and product accuracies were made on machined new versatile friction-and-wear test inspection, development of an in- parts using the co-ordinate measuring rig has been designed. This rig can process inspection technique using machine, shown overleaf, to micron be used for measuring adhesive and ultrasound sensors for inspecting levels. abrasive wear with its disc surface weldments in large and complex The application of Geometric Dimen­ speed exceeding 20 metres per second fabrications has been undertaken. sioning and Tolerancing (CD & T) at a maximum load of 12.4 MPa. A The response signals are processed principles in machining accuracy computer-assisted automated data­ using the USD 10 flow detectors and studies has brought in considerable logging system to be incorporated further analysed through a micro­ improvements in accuracy, clearly with the rig is expected to measure, processor. It is hoped to extend this demonstrating the significance of a monitor and maintain parameters work to establish a knowledge-based 'preventive' approach against the such as load, speed, friction, surface expert system with pattern-recog­ 'cure' approach of compensatory and bulk temperatures, surface nition capabilities of the integrity of methods in some cases. the weldment. damage and wear rate under varying loading conditions in heavy industry. A third and more recent project on Researchers: Dr I S Jawahir, Dr E Research collaboration with a local machining process monitoring and Siores, Dr W K Sob, A. Professor industry has been established. development of an adaptive control T S Ng. system has been targeting on an on­ In a second major project on line monitoring system for tool wear, machining accuracy studies in CNC machine-tool vibration, cutting machining operations, experimental forces, surface roughness and chip work on the CNC Machining Centre forms/shapes. Research efforts focus has been conducted using an on the development of effective aluminium alloy as the work adaptive controllers combining material. This has involved basic modern sensory techniques and operations such as face milling, end advanced adaptation algorithms. milling and drilling. The effects of Researchers: Dr A K Tieu, Dr I S cutting conditions, jigs and fixtures Jawahir, Dr Y Yao, Dr M Magdy, and the sequencing of the operations Mr I J Kirby.

23 ETSt!"'!

A survey on the effect of implementing 'total quality' manage­ ment in Australia has been under­ taken. Three major case studies have been completed. Researchers: Professor G Arndt, Dr L Y Shue, Dr I S Jawahir. Future directions The Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Program has progressed through its learning curve period, and established itself with a solid infrastructure in terms of facilities and the research personnel. Many researchers have been success­ ful in attracting external funding from such sources as ARC, ERE, BHP, KCC, Rheem AustraUa, Puro­ tec, CSIRO/UW Scheme. Significant achievements have been made in all five streams. Research findings are Measurement of a machined component on a Co-ordinate Measuring Machine being published in international journals. Several researchers have presented papers at international conferences in the USA, Japan, UK, Italy and Singapore. CAD/CAM, Product Mac Il-based data-acquisition system. Development and Design Construction of the test rig is Future directions within the program are aimed at making a major contri­ for Manufacture expected to begin shortly, with the experimental testing of commercial bution to areas of the strategic Work continues on the optimum heat exchangers to follow soon development of Computer Integrated design for spur and helical gears. afterwards. Manufacturing (CIM) systems on the Interfacing of CAD/CAM equipment basis of profound knowledge of Researchers: Dr R T Wheway, Dr G J with the CNC machines is in pro­ manufacturing processes, their Montagner, Dr W K Soh, Dr P gress. In a project on design of low- applications and resource Cooper, Dr Y Yao, Mr D Jamieson, cost ozonators and associated development. diffusers, Purotec Pty Ltd have Mr I J Kirby. Promotion of flexible manufacturing provided funding during the 1988/89 systems for industrial growth through period. In a new project on ozone as research will continue. More avenues an industrial steriliser for transferring Integrated Manufacturing for research, encompassing new ozone from air into water, the use of Planning and Control technology and systems development, a water jet to drive the ozonated air System will become increasingly sigfnificant. has been considered. A prototype has Intelligent methodologies and proved successful in controlling Research on practical quality integfrated multidisciplinary efforts in legionella in a cooling tower at the techniques and management systems research may be expected to lead to Commonwealth Serum Laboratory. continues, particularly involving the the setting up of 'intelligent manu­ More detailed evaluations are being recent developments in Japan. A facturing systems' in the near future, made. External support from the project on simulation of flexible making unmanned manufacture a Water Research Advisory Council has manufacturing scheduling system has successful reality. been sought for an Ozone Analyser been initiated, aiming at developing and for personnel. a prototype for shop-floor conditions. This project could benefit a manu­ With the aims of developing and facturer in testing a number of new heat- exchange technologies, and to match (a) understanding the allocation of laboratory/theoretical work to the machinery to jobs on calendar needs of heat-exchanger manufac­ time; turers in Australia, a new project on (b) having the flexibility to re­ heat exchanger development has schedule, to incorporate changes begun. Progress so far includes the of manufacturing conditions as design of the test rig and selection of they arise; and major items of equipment—flow- (c) having the flexibility to accept measuring device, compressor, the judgement of management to motors, pressure transducers and a change schedules.

24 MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE Co-ordinator, Dr T Williams, tel. 27 0754

ANY sectors, industries and M organisations face changing conditions brought about by economic, technological, social and political trends. These changes affect the strategies of organisations. They often mean that organisations have to develop new strategies, and must be able to adapt to meet new conditions. The management strategy and organisational change program integrates diverse research interests. It is co-ordinated by Dr Trevor Williams and involves 22 researchers, mainly from the Departments of Management, Information Systems and Accountancy, in seven projects. The projects involve participation by industrial, commercial and government organisations, both as research sites and as intended beneficiaries of the research. Professor J. Lowe, Mr J. Flanagan, Mr N. Masters and Dr H. Teoh are assessing the impact of new systems and operations on competitive advan­ tage and their role in supporting Dr T Williams, Industrial and Administrative Studies strategic goals in manufacturing and financial organisations. The main stand how the financial structure of tionally relevant software outcome will be a framework for the firm is affected by strategic methodologies. implementing new operations, positioning as well as by the external The work encompasses user-defined creating fit between operations and market forces that are usually person-machine interfaces, user strategy and understanding the value- invoked to explain financial structure. dialogue strategies, group-based user added implications of new tech­ interfaces, task allocation between nologies and systems. Mr R. Home and Dr M. Jabri are examining how congruence and people and machines and computer Professor Lowe is also collaborating incongruence between organisational system impact on organisations. with Dr A.B. Sim to identify the culture and strategy affect the The program began in January 1989 competitive advantage gained by implementation of strategic change. and while much of the work in the firms in different environments from Mr P. Dawes and Mr P. Patterson are first year is about establishing being 'first movers' or innovators in undertaking research concerned with foundations for project development, their markets, and with Mr A. Evans the effective execution of marketing there have been early significant on the role of technology in the strategies, attempting to identify the results. Dr Williams and Messrs licensing of new products. most common implementation prob­ Clarke and MacGregor presented Dr Wilhams, Mr M. Zanko and Ms J. lems faced by organisations, analysing papers to the International Confer­ Jennings are involved in research to their causes and developing organisa­ ence on Shaping Organisations assess ways in which human resource tional solutions. Shaping Technologfy in May and policies are affected by changes in Dr B. Lo and Dr S. Little are Dr Williams presented a paper to the technology, organisation structure examining the development and International Occupational Ergo­ and the economic-political environ­ implementation of knowledge-based nomics Symposium held in Zadar, ment. Dr Williams is examining the information systems for management Yugoslavia, in April, in addition to interactions between new technology, decision support. This involves the preparing reports on technology new office structures and work design investigation of knowledge-based planning and work design for two in Australian government depart­ systems design, user participation major government departments. Mr ments. Mr Zanko is studying in systems development and the Naughton will present a paper on his organisational commitment to evaluation and implementation of preliminary findings to the Australian employee rehabilitation. And Ms management-orientated expert Finance Conference in December. Jennings is assessing the movement systems in decision-making environ­ During 1990 the projects will enter of engineers into managerial roles ments. Mr R. Clarke, Ms H. Hasan, their main operational phases. in a large manufacturing company. Mr R. MacGregor and Associate Significant publications as well as Mr T Naughton, Mr G. Tibbits and Professor G. Winley are working on important practical contributions are Professor Lowe are working to under- the development of new organisa­ expected from them all.

25 STUDIES IN PERFORMING ARTS IN AUSTRALIA Coordinator: Dr P Shepherd, tel. 27 0580

This program was started in 1989, directly impact on the area of invited to talk about their work, to and at present is in the first stages direction and interpretation. The other artists, to students, to members of investigating three aspects of per­ productions within the School of of the pubhc, often in conjunction formance work in Australia. Creative Arts will be used as a with an exhibition performance or starting point for the investigation, publication of a current project. This Project 1 including the new work based on study explores the recurring themes Peter Shepherd Shakespeare's The Tempest, and a and images, the narrative patterns, production of Cabaret, with a wider aspects of performance, and the CONSTRAINTS ON sampling of oeuvres considered for organisation of the content, in INTERPRETATION IN future development of the project. conjunction with a presentation of slides, or readings or performance. MUSIC THEATRE In the long term, it is possible that the findings will be of interest to In treating 'The Artist's Talk' as a PRODUCTION small groups, such as regional specific form of autobiography, the Peter Shepherd and Paul Saintilan companies and experimental theatre study examines the conventional groups, by helping them to make expectations which are shared by are carrying out a feasibility study decisions when commissioning new artist and audience, and which give and literature search in the area of works, and to writers and composers, shape to the Talk. Like written auto­ Music Theatre in Australia, leading who aim their creations at this biographies, 'The Artist's Talk' is a market. discourse through which artists con­ to a study of how production teams struct a representation of themselves Project 2 negotiate constraints in interpre­ as artists, which is necessarily partial Sue Rowley (in both senses) and selective. In tation in music theatre production, doing so, artists make fictions about to claim particular works, and THE ARTIST'S TALK themselves in order to make sense of their lives. develop apparently new interpreta­ Sue Rowley's interest in the ways tions in performance. artists talk and write about the Project 3 ' I ^ODAY one of the most popular process of making artworks was Andrew Schultz and David Vance •*- forms of theatre, and a strong stimulated by her post-graduate part of the tradition of western AN ANTHOLOGY OF teaching. Many post-graduate theatre. Music Theatre has a compre­ AUSTRALIAN MUSIC hensive body of work available for students in the School of Creative performance, particularly by large Arts write a documentation of their Dr Andrew Schultz and Mr David subsidised companies and commercial ventures. These works are devised work to accompany the presenta­ Vance have begun compiling an within the genres of music theatre tion, a portfolio of writing. She saw anthology of Australian music. and operatic works, and are often so limited by constraints which relate to these documentations as forms of Intended to fill a significant gap in the genre, and others, that they are autobiography and began to the documentation and research not readily accessible to smaller resources available to scholars and production teams; at least not often examine them in the light of in their intended forms. The study is current literary interests in students, the anthology aims to confined to the area of music theatre, biography and autobiography. represent a broad historical and not dealing with the traditional operative repertoire, although it is stylistic coverage of Australian N February this year. Sue Rowley realised there would be wider applic­ attended the Australian Feminist music between c.1800 and 1985. ability, should it ever extend to that I Biography and Autobiography Con­ genre. Each score entry will be accom­ ference in Adelaide, and presented a Dr Shepherd and Mr Saintilan are paper entitled Think of the Work : panied by a critical study as well as engaged in the process of identifying Artist as Subject, and Process in Art- complete bibliographic information. the various limiting factors, and are making. In April, a conference carrying out a detailed search of the organised by the Women's Studies I ^HE research work is at present repertoire and research which Committee of WoUongong University -*• concerned with selecting scores impinge on the area. Once the applied some of the ideas about for inclusion in the anthology. This factors are identified and categorised, biography and autobiography to the work involves a comprehensive search the study will examine the conflict interview methodologfies in the Arts, of published and manuscript material between the striving to create a Psychology, Literature, History, held in libraries throughout unique interpretation of works, and Sociologfy, Education and Structural Australia, as well as seeking from a the constraints imposed by genre and Linguistics. wide cross-section of potential users other agencies. It is therefore not so Ms Rowley's current research (tertiary institutions, performers, much concerned with merely examines the ways in which artists composers, other researchers), researching a system of constraints speak about their work in 'The opinions regarding appropriate and how they interrelate, as how they Artist's Talk'. Artists are frequently material for inclusion.

26 27 INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Co-ordinator: Professor C D Cook, tel. 27 0069 TNDUSTRIAL automation and con- provide information which is more -*- trol theory, electric drive systems, accurate and timely than any of including novel electrical machine the sensors individually. development, autonomous mobile • Control theory—a number of platform research, robotics and adaptive control algorithms have industrial vision for inspection and been developed to provide im­ assembly tasks and computer proved performance of individual integrated manufacture: these are all electric drives and of robots. This part of the industrial automation work has generated a number of research program. The program is specific product ideas, for example, staffed by ten academics, with a switched PID control board and members from the departments of flexible single board motor Mechanical Engineering, Computing controller. Science and Electrical and Computer Engineering. • Sensors — ultrasonic and other sensors, including a novel vision- In addition, a University company, based sensor to provide relief the Automation and Engineering information for factory inspection Applications Centre (AEAC), provides tasks, have been developed. support, particularly in interaction with industry. AEAC is a systems • Robotics —kinematics and dynamic house, speciahsing in the commercial control, automatic assembly manufacture of flexible manufac­ methods, gripper development. turing cells, many of which involve • Materials handling—intelligent robots for industry. The program materials handling, palletising, makes use of a demonstration depalletising, conveying and manufacturing facility consisting of packaging. substantial equipment, including a The program began in January 1989 CNC lathe. Mill and CAD Equip­ and had made two major purchases ment, several robots, including an by July. These are a computer Hitachi Arc Welding and Hirata development system for real-time Assembly Robot and a very-high­ control (68000 Based VME System), speed ADEPT Robot and associated and a Labmate Mobile Robot. In vision system, a Management addition, links are being developed in Informations System and a variety of assocation with other Australian PLC and computer-controlled research groups with European work materials-handling equipment. under way in related fields. The program specialises in: Encouragement in this has already • Mobile robots —having particular been received, particularly from the regard to autonomous navigation French government which has with a view to enabling com­ provided financial help to allow the mercial applications such as forging of closer links with French industrial cleaning and auto­ companies and research groups. matically guided vehicles for materials handling in factories, hospitals, and elsewhere. • Electric drives —including new machine designs and the manufac­ ture of prototypes, producing substantial improvements in per­ formance. Work on the associated power electronics and control systems to form a complete drive system is also being carried out. • Transputer research — this involves exploiting new computer tech­ nology substantially to decrease processing speeds in areas such as vision inspection, robot control systems and manufacturing systems. • Sensor fusion —aims to process data from a number of different sensors of varying accuracy in order to

29 ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS Co-ordinator: Professor H S Bradlow, tel. 27 0065

An example of image transformation achieved by means of a Discrete Cosine ' I 'HE telecommunications industry effective in terms of both cost and Transform. The block shown in the -*- is undergoing a period of rapid efficiency—also in meeting the upper left corner has been moved from the original position in the photograph. transition. On the one hand the demands of a rapidly changing user In its place the Discrete Cosine industry is being driven by market scenario. Transform of the image has been conditions —specifically by the Between the Advanced Telecommuni­ inserted (lower right hand block). pressure to enhance information cations Research Group and industry Finally the reconstructed block obtained transfer resulting from increasing there is a strong interaction. And in by an inversion of the Discrete Cosine momentum towards the information Transform, is shown in the lower left its role the research group is sup­ hand comer. society. This trend is believed to be ported by the Centre for Information particularly important in a vast, On the right is Ph.D student Mr Henry Technology Research (CITR). sparsely populated country such as Wu, shown with the image processing Chaired by Mr Robert Somervaille, it equipment he has been using to Australia, calling for communication has been established as a means of develop Discrete Cosine Transform systems which can deliver greater providing consulting, research, algorithms that will be employed in the quantities of information and in development and training to industry digital coding of video images. much less time and at lower cost. in the field of Information Tech­ A processed image is visible on the Simultaneously, changing trends in right-hand screen nology, with particular specialisation technology are driving telecommuni­ in telecommunications. cation systems into new areas. Under the pressure of such influences, tele­ The group is working on a number communication systems have to be of communication problems involving studied from a wide perspective. Integrated Services on Packet The Avanced Telecommunications Switched Telecommunication Systems, Research Group combines the skills Digital Signal Processing and of academics from a variety of Organisational Problems. Current disciplines (Electrical and Computer research is focusing on new networks Engineering, Computing Science, and emergent services. One of the Mathematics, Science and Technology most exciting of these is video Studies) in research into technology telephony, by which people involved that will enable tomorrow's tele­ in a conversation or conference may communications systems to be see one another, and be able to

30 . '>-^'^.^:&:-":€f»3^-i

illustrate their ideas with diagrams. Widespread use of video telephony and 'conferencing' has the potential to revolutionise the way we work and live. Two important new technologies which will enable this dream to become a reality are Fast Packet Switched networks. These will carry the services in a cost-effective way and on a coding system that will convert visual images into the requisite format. The coding of visual moving images is today a topic of worldwide interest. The formation of the research group has put the University into this vitally important field through a combina­ tion of current staff activities. The development of a commercially viable coding system demands that con­ sideration be given both to coding techniques and the nature of the network. University researchers have can be plugged into a Personal by industry to enable users of Local been studying several topics relevant Computer expansion slot with the Area Networks (LANs) to inter­ to this combination —image trans­ aim of allowing telephone conversa­ connect across any distance using form techniques, digital signal tions to be carried by the current high-speed channels running at processing theory and practice, and computer network without modifica­ 2 Mbps which are available from the transfer of real-time communi­ tion to the existing software system Telecom. cation services (such as telephony) (such as, for example, Novell over packet switched networks. An illustration of a project in basic Netware, an 'industry standard') As a result of this synergy, the research is the investigation of the which is providing the data com­ research gfroup is now working on an suitability of bit serial architectures munication functions. investigation into the development of for implementing parallel algorithms a low-cost video coding system for The performance of user aspects of with particular application to image packet switched networks using fast packet switched networks is also processing. In similar vein is the parallel processing techniques. being considered —in, for example, research into the use of advanced Investigations focus on developing a the case of the transport layer digital-signal processing techniques, software system to perform Discrete protocols that will be used. A such as adaptive notch filters and Cosine Transformations on images, project, supported by OTC, is being line enhancers for digital cellular through a system of Transputers. An undertaken to investigate the design mobile systems. image is captured by a Frame and performance of transport layer Finally, as part of the program's aim Grabber from a normal TV input. It protocols for truly integrated com­ of developing an all-encompassing is then processed in the Transputer munications, ie, those in which a research strategy, work is being done system, which can perform calcula­ single multi-purpose terminal is used on the organisational aspects of new tions concurrently on different parts to provide all the services through a technology. One study is to assess a of the image. common network connection. stimulation in demand, arising from Because of their tremendous promise The research program incorporates the availability of fibre optic links, in providing low-cost, high- other projects, ranging from basic for new telecommunication services in bandwidth telecommunications, Fast research to development. In the regional centres to metropolitan Packet Switched networks are also second category is a project funded loops. attracting wide attention. The group has been actively researching the use of packet switched networks to pro­ vide real-time voice communications with the intention of determining effective methodologies. This project is aimed at enabling the computing and communication resources of a personal computer network to be simultaneously employed to provide the functions of a PABX, without any disruption of the existing data com­ munications capabilities. A telephone handset has been developed which

31 LITERATURE AND THE COLONIAL LEGACY Co-ordinator: A. Professor J W Wieland, tel. 27 0677

' I 'HE research program 'Literature working on a critical edition of -•- and the Colonial Legacy' takes Russell Soaba's Wanpis and other its place within the research and Soaba stories, and editing and teaching area now widely known as contributing to a book of essays on the New Literatures in English. This the New Zealand writer Patricia comprises writing in English from Grace. outside the national literatures of The joint work of Dr Sharrad and Britain and the United States. The Mr McGaw has been incorporated historical context for much of this into an application to the Australian writing is that of Colonialism or Post- Research Council for a research colonialism, and the program deals topic, entitled Literatures of the directly with ways in which this Pacific, which aims to increase the 'colonial legacy' manifests itself in a standing of and involvement in number of the 'new literatures'. While literary activity in the Pacific through this study incorporates writing from scholarly production of biblio­ Canada, the West Indies and some of graphies, anthologies and critical the African nation states, a primary studies. This project will help in and, the Centre believes, appropriate redefining perceptions of Pacific region of focus is Australian writing culture, by debating the legacy of and the literatures in English from colonial representations of the Asia, South-East Asia and the Pacific, current divisions between Pacific. 'anthropological' and 'literary' 'Literature and the Colonial Legacy' knowledges, oral, and written includes a cultural history of Aus­ cultural forms, and the values and tralian responses to the First World limits assigned to traditional and War, a preliminary study of Black modern modes of cultural expression. Theatre, studies of the Australian Post-graduate students associated with poet and playwright Dorothy Hewett, the program are working on topics and the novelist James Aldridge, a ranging from studies of individual collection of essays and a book-length authors such as Sumner Locke study of Olga Masters' fiction, and Elliott, Janet Frame, Charmian Clift, Associate Professor Dorothy Jones and and Henry Lawson, to investigations Associate Professor Aritha van Herk, of specialised topics which include of the University of Calgary, are representations of Australian land­ working on a comparative study of scape, contemporary Australian Australian and Canadian fiction. emigrant writing. Colonial fictions, Expanding the work she had done on Australian literary perspectives of her first film, 'A Song of Ceylon', Dr South-East Asia, and a comparative Laleen Jayamanne is involved in a study of Australian and Canadian larger study, both theoretical and on literary histories. These are rich areas film, gender and class in Sri Lankan of study, all breaking new ground. society and culture as it reveals itself The focus for research provided by on film. As a part of this project it is the progpram and the Centre is hoped that Eva Ranaweera, the Sri invaluable in generating a sense of Lankan writer with whom Dr Jaya­ collective activity that motivates and manne is collaborating, will be able maintains individual stimulation. to work in the NLRC early in 1990. Central to this stimulation is the Dr Paul Sharrad is engaged in a seminar series sponsored by the major project on Pacific writing, program: having run successfully in collecting material for an anthology 1988, the series is running again and and a comprehensive critical intro­ is a feature of the Centre's work, duction, selecting and editing allowing staff and students to present materials for publication or re-issue, papers on work in progpress, and pro­ and constructing materials for use in viding an opportunity to hear schools and universities. eminent scholars from outside the In addition, in conjunction with Dr department. In 1989, papers have Kirpal Singh of the National Univer­ been presented by Alex Buzo, the sity of Singapore, and Jacob Sinet, Australian dramatist and novelist, Director of the Institute of PNG Effie Hatzimanolis, a post-graduate Studies at Port Moresby, William student, and Professor Edwin McGaw is engaged in compiling a Thumboo, poet and scholar/critic comprehensive anthology of Papua from the National University of New Guinean poetry. He is also Singapore, who spent a month in the

32 -^j^iir.. M...s¥mnm»m^isSM:...fS^!-.s^iBak^^».iii^Mii3Wim

Centre during May. Other speakers planned for the year include Professor Eddie Baugh, poet and critic, from the University of the West Indies, and the series has been successfully linked with a separate series of seminars by post-graduate students sponsored by the Depart­ ment of English. As a direct result of the research interests incorporated in the program, the Department of English and the New Literatures Research Centre will launch a course-work Master of Arts degree in 1990. The core of this course will comprise subjects in Post-colonial Literary Issues, Literature frorn Colonising Societies, and Literature from Colonised Societies. In addition, students will write a minor thesis and take optional studies in areas complementary to the major focus of the course. This development should A. Professor J M Wieland, chairman of the Department of English, in which see a considerable expansion of New Literatures in English has become an important element research into Australian writing and the literatures of its near neighbours and this will be the thrust of our Future directions will, in part, be Literatures Research Centre publishes activity over the next three to five determined by the success of A.R.C. two journals. New Literatures Review years. In addition, through the and other funding applications made (edited by Paul Sharrad) and SPAN research carried out in the progfram, to private sources; interest in the (edited by William McGaw, who is the NLRC and the Department will research is, however, providing a also chairman of SPACLALS). These contribute more directly than in the focus for research and teaching in journals are providing vehicles in past to the theoretical debates which the Department; it is generating a which articles and reviews on issues are being developed around the considerable research output which is of post-colonial writing can be pub­ whole area of colonial and post- finding its outlet in articles, reviews, lished and reviewed, and in which colonial studies. conference papers and books. the debates about Colonialism and Post-colonialism can be more widely As evidence of the degree of interest As a part of its activities the New being generated by the program and canvassed. the NLRC, Paul Sharrad has been invited to teach a post-graduate course in Pacific writing in the East- West Centre at the University of Hawaii; Dorothy Jones has been invited to give a paper at the Modern Languages Association conference in the United States. She and Bill McGaw will attend the ACLALS Conference in Kent, and Bill McGaw and James Wieland have been invited to attend a specialised small seminar on Australian and South-East Asian writing to be held at the National University of Singapore. As this report closes for press, Mr M.B. Scott is meeting with Professor Bernard Hickey of the University of Lecce to discuss the Centre's involvement in a history of Australian Literature for Italian students.

33 ACCOUNTABILITY AND FINANCIAL REPORTING Co-ordinator: Professor M J Gaffikin, tel. 27 0718

' I 'HE main aim of this program is which it is hoped to turn some of the -*- to investigate the factors which widely held beliefs on their heads influence the ways in which account­ and thus explain the lack of general ability obligations are satisfied acceptability of the various proposed through the provision of financial solutions to the problems posed by information. Projects included in the inflation. A Foucaldian approach is program are directed towards also being applied to attempt to analyses of the cultural and organisa­ explain the accounting implications tional considerations in developing of social welfare payments in a reporting systems in commercial and modern mixed enterprise economy. governmental reporting entities as Projects relating to not-for-profit well as special problems faced by entities include a case study by Mary small-scale enterprises. Kaidonis on information flows in a Progress has been encouraging. Garry large South Australian organisation Tibbits and Mary Greenwell have and a study on the sigfnificance of completed their pilot study for their efficiency audits in government project on the role of intangible bodies. Warwick Funnell has spent assets in the accountability process some of his study leave in Britain Professor Michael Gaffikin through external financial reporting. and the remainder in Canberra They are now in the process of collecting evidence for this latter working with their sponsor, a major study. Although recommended by the Australian company, towards com­ Australian Audit Office, efficiency pleting the field stages of their study. audits have been controversial and Their sponsor is extremely satisfied there is uncertainty as to the extent with the project's progress and hopes of their reliability and equity. This that the final results will enable the project examines these issues. firm to improve the information they The project relating to small business provide to shareholders and investors. is well under way. Hem a Intangible assets are by their very Wijewardena has his study on nature vaguely defined and have information needs of small business been misused by those wishing to in Sri Lanka in press. Margaret 'window-dress' their accounts. The Craig-Lees has been on study leave in profession has recently attempted to the USA, one of her objectives being regulate against such abuses but as to examine regulatory requirements yet have been unable to arrive at a on small business. Robert Shannon theoretically satisfactory and has been collecting data to assist him acceptable solution. This project in defining boundaries in respect of aims at reducing some of the differential reporting. These studies uncertainty surrounding intangible will assist in determining the type assets, in particular goodwill. and quantity of information necessary One project examining cultural con­ for efficient operation of small straints on the development of businesses. external reporting has involved a Increasing attention has been wide range of activity. A paper directed to organisations' planning examining gender roles encouraged and control decisions and the through company financial reports is internal financial reporting systems' under review for journal publication. requirements of them. Hai Yap Teoh Another paper, comparing reporting has been undertaking an investigation objectives in Australia, Britain and which will provide a taxonomy of West Germany, was presented at the cost accounting and management European Accounting Conference in control practices. This represents the Stuttgart, West Germany. first of three stages in a study to Other studies under way are applying determine the impact of accounting new ways of looking at some old information on managerial decisions. accounting problems: that is a Overall, progress in the research Foucaldian analysis of the develop­ relating to this Program is both ment of inflation accounting through pleasing and encouraging.

34 APPLIED COGNITIVE STUDIES Coordinators: A. Professor B L Camboume, tel. 27 0973 and Professor W J Lovegrove, tel. 27 0742

Literacy in the 21st century: helping schools meet the challenge

ITERACY is generally associated 1•* with 'the ability to read and write'. That at least is the common dictionary definition, the one most applied by society at large. As we approach the 2Ist century we need to ask, 'Is this enough? Is it necessary to look at literacy in a broader and educationally more productive way? What kind of literacy should we be developing in our school graduates if we are going to survive as a nation both economically and intellectually in the 21st century?' Under the leadership of Associate Professor Brian Cambourne and Professor William Lovegrove, mem­ bers of the Centre for Applied Cognitive Studies have embarked on a long-term research program which aims to address these and other questions in the next five years. Their approach is unique in that it will employ two quite distinct research paradigms. One half literacy in ways which are both hinder the acquisition and control of of the team will employ an informative and useful to teachers, such registers. empirical, rationalistic, theory- parents, employers, school officials, The second approach will com­ proving approach. The other half and politicians. These assessments plement the first by considering the will employ a naturalistic, theory- must also lead to optimal learning following issues: generating approach. The full for students. While the traditional, research team is confident that by group-administered, pencil-and- (i) What are the cogfnitive requisites adopting such a broad approach they paper, multiple-choice methods of for learning to read? (ii) What are the main areas of will be able to develop new theory, assessment have been useful in the functioning where children extend and modify existing theory, past, there is doubt that they will be experience difficulties which lead and develop progprams that will of much use in the future. A new to reading failure? enhance the teaching of literacy approach to assessment in literacy is (iii) What are the most effective across all grade levels, K-12. urgently needed. remedial procedures for the In the first year of this program the Furthermore, any new literacy different types of disabled naturalistic projects will focus on initiatives will be introduced in reader? three areas of research. classrooms by teachers; there is One of the long-term outcomes of (i) The development of assessment therefore an urgent need both to understand the processes which this research is the development of a criteria by which growth in read­ professional development program ing, writing and associated underpin teacher development and to develop, trial and evaluate new which will enable teachers to identify, literacy behaviours can be approaches to professional diagnose, and treat learners who are accurately described; development. 'at risk' with respect to literacy (ii) The professional development of development at two key points in the teachers; As well, advances in linguistic K-12 spectrum at the end of Year 1 (iii) The acquisition of different research have made educators aware (the kindergarten year) and the registers by upper primary of the role that control of different beginning of Year 7 (the first year of children. forms of language, especially the high school). If those with literacy At first glance these projects may langjuage of academic disciplines, problems can be identified and seem to bear little relationship to one affect thinking and learning. rehabilitated at these points in their another or to the ultimate aims of Teachers and educational policy school careers, the gains to the the research program. First glances, makers need to understand the intellectual wealth of the country will however, are often deceiving. If factors which either facilitate or be enormous. educators are going to achieve the kinds of literacy they want in future school graduates they must be able to assess growth and development of

35 BIOACTIVE MOLECULES Coordinator: Professor L Kane-Maguire, tel. 27 0509

' I 'HE Bioactive Molecules Program mirror image form has the desired have been set up. Biological testing is •*• brings together mutually over­ biological activity, while the other is also available through collaboration lapping research interests in the either inactive or toxic. A classic with the National Cancer Institute, Departments of Chemistry and example is the drug thalidomide Washington, and Smith, Kline and Biology involving the synthesis, which, when administered to French Research Ltd. Other detection and characterisation of pregnant women as a mixture of its important aspects are the study of pharmacologically and physiologically two mirror forms, led to serious birth the biochemical pathways by which active molecules. It currently links defects. It is clearly important to these chemicals are synthesised and some nine academic staff and 14 develop effective and inexpensive their ecological roles. postgraduate students in the two methods for the production of such Many of the metabolites isolated Departments. Together with exter­ chemicals in only one mirror form. from marine organisms, although nally funded research assistants and A research group led by Professor highly active, are structurally too post-docs, they form a highly active Leon Kane-Maguire and Dr Stephen complex for chemical synthesis. An research group, some 30 strong. Pyne in the Department of Chemistry important development, therefore, is Complementary research projects is exploring two approaches to this the initiation of collaborative projects range from the isolation of bioactive objective. The first approach is the with Associate Professor Ross Lilley of chemicals from marine and terrestrial search for direct asymmetric syntheses the Department of Biology and with organisms, and studies of their for bioactive chemicals such as amino Dr P Murphy at AIMS (Townsville) biosynthesis, to the design of rational acids and alkaloids. A recent high­ involving aquaculture of selected synthetic routes to drugs. An light has been the development of a marine algae and sponges with the important element is the elucidation highly efficient direct route to (-1-)- aim of producing significant at the molecular level of the basis of Tetrahydropalmatine in one mir.or quantities of pharmacologically active the physiological action of such form only. Analogues of this natural and nutritionally desirable molecules molecules and in the case of toxic product are useful cardiovascular of potential commercial significance. environmental chemicals of develop­ drugs. Initial studies in WoUongong by ing methods for their quantitative The second approach is examining Associate Professor Lilley are con­ analysis. the use of novel chromatographic centrating on the genus Dunaliella, These studies are not only of funda­ stationary phases in which specifically some species of which accumulate mental interest, but clearly also have designed organometallic compounds large amounts of jS-carotene, a significant commercial and environ­ are incorporated in polymeric precursor of Vitamin A. mental implications. They are substrates such that one mirror hand already attracting approximately of a chiral drug is selectively bound Bioactive metabolites from, $200,000 a year in external support, to the polymer stationary phase, micro-organisms and plants including |60,000 from industry. permitting its chromatographic Related and complementary research Establishment of the program has separation from the other mirror projects are also being carried out in provided valuable cross-fertilisation of form. One novel polymer of this type the Departments of Biology and ideas, and has also permitted a wider which we have recently developed is Chemistry into bioactive metabolites and more powerful range of skills currently being tested for its from micro-organisms and plants. and techniques to be brought to bear reactivity. The work has significant implications on specific problems. For example, Drugs from marine in agriculture. For example, a project cell culture techniques from Biology by Professor Helen Garnett, in greatly enhance the scope of organisms Biology, has as a goal the identifica­ biosynthetic projects, originally Marine fauna and flora have proved tion of molecular fingerprints for centred in Chemistry, aimed at to be valuable sources of novel citrus infected with dieback (cf, producing pharmaceuticals (see bioactive chemicals with potent anti- greening disease). Her team is also below). The interdisciplinary tumour and anti-AIDS activity. For identifying the toxic metabolites of approach will clearly assist in example, a chemical found in a sea strains of Erwinia pathogenic to achieving one of the major aims —the sponge assisted in the development of Cassava. commercialisation of research AZT As over 90 per cent of all In Chemistry, a collaborative project findings in targeted areas such as known organisms occur in the sea, by Dr Roger Truscott and Dr Mary pharmaceuticals. marine natural products research Garson involves the isolation and appears to have great potential in the The research activities have been characterisation of novel bioactive search for new drugs. natural products from rainforest focused into five related areas. The group, led by Dr Mary Garson, plants, together with studies of their a lecturer in Organic Chemistry, has biosynthesis. Dr Truscott also leads Asymmetric synthesis of an active program involving the an international program involving pharmaceuticals isolation, purification and structure more than |250,000 funding from Numerous bioactive molecules have elucidation of novel, biologically the Australian Centre for Inter­ two mirror-image forms which are active metabolites from sponges, national Agricultural Research, ^cn-superimposable (in the same way algae and molluscs from both the aimed at improving the quahty of --., JUT right and left hands). These Illawarra region and the Great rapeseed in China. His group has ic'ui? the majority of current Barrier Reef. Using joint facilities developed, in conjunction with local ;-;.-;-.euticals and many agro- with the Department of Biology, industry, a simple test for the -;^ i--i5. Qjjite often only one antibiotic and cytotoxicity screens presence of toxic glucosinolate

36 '^^^^,m^^^,->: - ••. -•-'. -

metabolites in rapeseed. The test will significantly assist a program for breeding superior strains of rape. Analysis of respirable toxins As part of a long-standing interest in Analytical/Environmental Chemistry, a group led by Associate Professor John Ellis and Dr Phillip Crisp is developing improved methods for the determination of trace amounts of volatile organic and inorganic compounds in air, which are significant from the viewpoint of public health. Classes of compounds being studied include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, carcinogenic emissions from coke manufacture and other pyrolytic processes) and toxic selenium emissions from copper smelters. The PAH studies are sponsored by BHP, with a Senior Chemist (Mr Peter Kirton from the Coke Ovens Laboratory) being seconded to the University for three years to carry out a PhD. Significant progfress has already been made in the develop­ ment of a portable sampling device for coke oven workers. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometric study of collected samples has identified a range of PAHs. Leading the research group is Professor Leon Kane-Maguire

The selenium study is also related to copper smelting—a regional industry. with water and carbon disulphide, the specificity of function of the Although essential to life in small and subsequent selenium analysis by transmitter at the receptor site is quantities, selenium in excess is toxic. atomic absorption spectroscopy. hard to reconcile without considering Cattle grazing on selenium-rich the vibrational dynamics of the plants develop 'blind staggers'. New model for transmitter itself. Selenium poisoning among humans A project involving Associate causes the loss of hair and nails, neurotransmitter-receptor site interactions Professor Peter Burton and Dr David paralysis and disorders of the nervous Griffith in the Department of system. The neurotransmitters dopamine, Chemistry is surveying the vibrational Airborne selenium compounds from noradrenaline and serotonin and characteristics of transmitters and copper refining are in four forms: their various biological precursors related compounds using the highly toxic selenious acid, metal and metabolites have biologically Department's new state-of-the-art selenides which are believed to be specific interactions with receptors. BOMEM Fourier Transform Infrared toxic if ingested, elemental selenium The primary recognition of trans­ spectrometer, to assess the likely which is non-toxic, and volatile mitter for receptor is dependent on candidate models for the specifically organic selenides which are expected their three-dimensional structures 'active' levels for vibrational energy to be very toxic. The important (the 'lock and key' model). However, donor. information required in any environ­ mental impact considerations is therefore not the total quantity of selenium present, but the particular chemical form in which it exists. The research of Dr Phillip Crisp and Mr Gregory Oehm (PhD student) appears to provide the first accurate and reliable method for such simultaneous analyses. The method involves sequential extraction of samples collected on glass-fibre filters

37 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Coordinator: Professor H M Garnett, tel. 27 0013

protein for which antibody-based Virus diseases detection systems are being Human cytomegalovirus infection of developed. The second is a protein pregnant women causes birth defects which co-purifies with lipid transfer in one per cent or more of all protein. This is currently being infants. This virus is a common sequenced. complication of AIDS and evidence suggests that the virus itself can both Neurological disorders suppress the immune response and Neuropeptides are involved in the augment HIV replication. transmission of nervous impulses. Exactly which cells the virus Abnormalities in the levels of neuro­ replicates in and how it suppresses peptides in certain tissues contribute the immune system is not clear. We to the pathology of such diseases as are attempting to identify the schizophrenia, diabetes, Parkinson's receptor/s for the virus on host cells, disease, Huntington's disease and as a knowledge of these could lead to Alzheimer's disease. These diseases the development of drugs which can may therefore be related to errors of block virus infection. Evidence neuropeptide metabolism. A better suggests that several cell surface understanding of this metabolism molecules may be involved. One of could lead to characterisation of the the cells with which the virus can various errors and ultimately suggest interact is the blood monocyte. These a way to treat the diseases. cells and the macrophages which differentiate from them are impor­ Head of Biology is Professor Helen Neuropeptide precursors are Garnett synthesised in the cell body and tant immunoregulatory cells. transported along the axon to the We have shown that challenge of nerve terminal. During axonal monocytes with human cytomegalo­ transport, the precursors are virus reduces the expression of converted to neuro active peptides by important cell surface molecules, peptidase enzymes. On arrival of an HLA Class II antigens, and interferes The focus of this research program is appropriate stimulus, the neuro­ with the ability of the monocyte to the structure, function and synthesis peptides are secreted from the nerve process antigen and present it to of selected macromolecules terminal where they alter the activity T lymphocytes. Further, challenge of of neighbouring nerves. The large monocytes with human cytomegalo­ HIGH blood cholesterol concen­ fluxes in demand for neurotrans­ virus induces these cells to produce A tration is the major single cause mitters dictates that the synthesis of factor/s which inhibit the ability of of heart disease. Not all the these compounds be regulated. T cells to respond to normally pro­ cholesterol in our blood is causing Although this is conceivable with the cessed antigens. atherosclerosis (narrowing our classical neurotransmitters (such as These factor/s are currently being arteries). Some cholesterol is removed acetylcholine) as they are synthesised purified and characterised. from and some is deposited in the at the site of release (the nerve arteries. The cholesterol removed is terminal), this is not so with in particles known as high-density neuropeptides — each neurotransmitter lipoproteins and that being deposited molecule must first be synthesised in Synthesis of Novel is predominantly in low-density lipo­ the cell body and transported along Macromolecules the nerve axon. proteins. A protein named lipid In algae transfer protein carries cholesterol This suggests that novel regulatory The alga Dunaliella is routinely from the high- to the low-density mechanisms exist for neuropeptide grown in Australia to produce lipoproteins. High concentrations of metabolism. We use the retina as a B-carotene, a natural pigment used this protein may therefore accelerate model in which to study the regula­ to colour margarine. Being a the deposition of cholesterol in the tion of neuropeptide metabolism, as unicellular organism without a rigid arteries and thus the development of the neuropeptide-containing nerves cell wall, this organism is an ideal coronary heart disease. can be stimulated simply by variation candidate for genetic manipulation to Research is being undertaken to of the lighting conditions. We have produce economically important develop an assay to measure the established that light drives the levels macromolecules. However, before amount oi this protein in blood of certain neuropeptides in the genes for such macromolecules can plasma. Peptide sequences cor­ retina, and that this is associated be introduced, studies must be responding to parts of this molecule with changes in the rates of secretion undertaken with test genes to have been synthesised and antibodies of the neuropeptides from the retinal optimise the introduction and raised for use in assay systems. The nerves. expression of foreign DNA. research has indicated the presence of We are currently investigating the Electroporation, a process of two other proteins, which may play a mechanism whereby the neuropeptide- perturbing the ceil membrane by role in lipid metabolism. One of secreting nerve remains functional placing the cells in an electric field chese is a lipid transfer inhibitor during prolonged stimulation. such that the entry of DNA

38 • ,?^:".g^^y^^Sy>.-v'.;jas^'»iiSii

A DNA sample is prepared for electrophoresis

molecules is facilitated, has been utilised and shown not to influence cell viability. Test genes, coding for enzymes conferring antibiotic resis­ tance (chloramphenicol acetyl trans­ ferase) and for light production Sorting white blood cells using a flow cytometer (luciferase) which enable the success of transformation to be readily assessed are now being used to investigate the expression of foreign helical structure at the C-terminus, DNA in Dunaliella. Structure of Macromolecules while the N-terminus is less Membrane active peptides structured. This structure is very In insects The conformation of bombesin, similar to that proposed from FTIR Proteins synthesised in the cuticle a potent growth factor for lung and fluorescence studies. Investiga­ and cocoon of insects are modified by carcinoma cells has been determined tions are continuing to determine the a variety of metabolic processes to from two-dimensional NMR measure­ 3D structure of the peptide using provide a hardened exoskeleton. ments in a hydrophobic solvent distance geometry and energfy Studies are being undertaken to system that mimics membrane minimisation techniques. Similar understand the mechanisms whereby environments. The membrane-bound studies are being undertaken on the modifications of proteins and conformation of bombesin is of membrane-interacting peptide polyamino acids by O-amino phenols interest because it is believed to calcitonin, a peptide with potent and catechols occur under oxidising intercalate into the membrane prior hypocalcemic activity. It is believed conditions as well as the modification to binding to the membrane receptor. that such studies will assist in the of proteins by 3-hydroxyanthranilic From analysis of the 2D spectra, the understanding of macromolecules acid. peptide is seen to adopt a tight with cell surface receptors.

39 ADVANCED MATERIALS Coordinator: A. Professor C D Dunne, tel. 27 0014

engineering; these two materials are considered to be 'advanced' com­ posites produced by coating one material with another. In search of better coatings Hot-dipped zinc and zinc-aluminium coatings on steel can provide effective long-term sacrificial corrosion protection of the steel base. However, for thick coatings, the formation of brittle inter-metallic layers adjacent to the steel imposes restrictions on bending or forming process which are applied after the galvanising process. This problem is serious in, for example, steel reinforced concrete in which zinc-coated steel bars may require bending during setting up prior to pouring the concrete. The use of zinc-coated reinforcement bar has been driven by the occurrence of 'concrete cancer' in many reinforced concrete structures, particularly in maritime environments, due to rusting of embedded reinforcing steel. Volume expansion accompanying corrosion can produce exfoliation of pieces of concrete and expose the reinforcing steel, with the promotion of corrosion, and further staining and cracking of the concrete. Although zinc coating of the steel bar provides a potential solution,the effectiveness of the corrosion protec­ tion is compromised if the coating fractures and exfoliates due to bending. There is thus considerable interest in the development of zinc A. Professor Druce Dunne at work with one of the two transmission electron alloys which are sufficiently ductile to microscopes in the Department of Materials Engineering withstand the rigours of on-site forming operations. Ductile zinc- based coatings would also be advan­ tageous in other applications ADVANCED materials may be re- requiring forming after the hot- -^^ garded as materials which offer dipping process. mechanical, physical or chemical properties that are both novel and Associate Professor Noel Kennon is useful, or are improved relative to directing research into factors deter­ present-day engineering materials. mining the formation and thickening The research program in the Depart­ of brittle alloy layers during hot-dip ment of Materials Engineering covers galvanising. Aluminium, nickel and a number of such materials: glassy manganese are known to restrict alloy metals, rapidly solidified alloys, shape layer formation and improve the memory alloys, metal matrix com­ ductility of the zinc-rich coating. posites, precipitation hardened steels, The effect of these and other alloying ductile zinc-alloy coated steel and additions to the zinc galvanising bath ceramic-coated metals. This report is being investigated. focuses on the projects which are A further complication arises from concerned with zinc-alloy coated the presence of sihcon in most steels, steels and ceramic coated steels. A as silicon promotes thick coatings and major thrust of the research program substantial growth of the alloy layer, involves the important area of surface see figure A. The addition of nickel

40 g^^jf*.>mi'^.f»...^^-i^rw^ asi25««i£_i :xmmiimmmmmi»*immm&:t-..i^aiiiKi.rj^i^mt^sisumii^ -i-i

Optical photomicrographs showing the inter-metallic phases formed after five minutes galvanising of a O.OSwt per cent silicon steel in a zinc bath without nickel (Fig. A) and with O.lwt per cent nickel (Fig. B). The thickness of the alloy layer is indicated by the vertical bar; the steel substrate lies below and the zinc phase above the alloy layer shown in the micrographs. Etchant: Palmerton reagent; 130X magnification

is used in a commercial process and properties of the substrate. technology and to enable substitution (called Technigalva) to restrict growth However, the recent emergence of a for imported materials. of the alloy layer, as well as limiting low-temperature, ceramic-coating Professor Bill Plumbridge of the the overall coating thickness, process holds great potential for Department of Materials Engineering figure B. However, this process is producing heat- and wear-resistant is the Chief Investigator of this IRD currently uneconomical because of coatings on steels and other substrate project. loss of nickel in a dross which forms materials at much lower cost than Aspects of the C-ramic coating at the bottom of the vessel containing conventional methods. process are also being investigated by the galvanising metal. Investigation Further development of this ceramic Professor Plumbridge and his of the mechanism of dross formation coating technology, which originated research group with the support of is in progress to provide a means of in the USA, is under way in Australia the progfram grant. In particular, circumventing this wastage of nickel through collaborative work by indus­ structural studies are being pursued and improving the cost-effectiveness try and the Department of Materials to elucidate the bonding process of the process. Engineering. The basic coating, between the ceramic and the metal In contrast to zinc coating, ceramic trade-named C-ramic, is a silica- substrate, with the aim of improving coating of steel involves the joining of chromia-alumina mixture which is the adhesion and thermal shock dissimilar materials. One kind of applied at room temperature by resistance of the ceramic coating. ceramic-coated product—vitreous spray painting or dipping, then Other relevant service properties such enamelled steel —has a long history of heated to 540degC to stabilise the as hardness, corrosion resistance and commercial applications, particularly oxides and effect chemical bonding wear resistance are also being investi­ in the familiar area of domestic to the metallic substrate. Successive gated in an attempt to effect changes 'whiteware' and kitchen utensils. applications and heat treatments in composition and processing which Vitreous enamelling enhances heat build up a dense, hard, extremely improve the service performance of and corrosion resistance and, at the wear-resistant, coating. This the coating. composite material has enormous same time, provides a pleasing, These two projects are therefore potential for applications in heavy durable surface. directed towards greater under­ industry in situations where severe Different ceramic materials are used standing of the wear and abrasion are encountered. origfin of the for wear-resistant coatings. Many properties of the two types of engineering applications, particularly An IRD grant has been awarded to coatings, with the ultimate aim of in the mining, minerals, handling The University of WoUongong and making significant improvements in and processing industries, require several industrial partners to develop the service performance of these wear-resistant materials to minimise the C-ramic process as an exportable surface-coated composite materials. the high costs that can be imposed by wear and abrasion. Established processes for ceramic coating, such as plasma and flame spraying, are expensive and involve high tempera­ tures which can modify the structure

41 EDUCATION POLICY Co-ordinator: Professor C Fasano, tel. 27 0967

issues the program lists research projects pertaining to theoretical studies in education policy and planning, applied studies related to human resource development and education in the South Pacific Region and specific discipline-related studies in physical and health education and information technology.' The first year of operation of the Education Policy Program has seen Professor Fasano and Dr John Patterson initiating an investigation of theories in public policy with the aim of developing an integrated theoretical approach to education policy. Preliminary results were presented as keynote addresses at the 1988 Conference of the Australian and New Zealand History of Educa­ tion Society (Canberra, August) and Professor Carta Fasano, Head of the at the Conference on Teaching Public School of Policy and Technology Studies Policy (ANU, Canberra, December in Education 1988). These researchers believe that this initial work in the theoretical HE Education Policy Program area is the forerunner for future Twas established in 1988 with the developments, awaited by a number aim of developing policy-related and of educational authorities and groups policy-focused research in education. who have requested presentation of The research plan involves the papers in this general area. development of well-defined lines of enquiry in theoretical and applied In a more applied vein, the issue of studies in policy and planning, Human Resources Development in physical and health education, com­ the South Pacific is being investigated puters and information technology in by Professor Ken Gannicott in con­ education and professional develop­ junction with Professor C. D. ment. Professor Carla Fasano, Throsby, of Macquarie University. A formerly with the OECD, co­ major part of the fieldwork has been ordinates the program, which in­ completed. A preliminary paper was cludes 15 academics. Invited Pro­ presented at a World Bank Confer­ fessor Bob Winder, former Director ence on Education in the South General of the NSW Department of Pacific held in Fiji in March 1989. Education, participates in the pro­ The work has been well received. It gram in a general advisory capacity. should provide valuable help in the Explains Professor Fasano, 'The formation of Australian policies for future of most developments in aid to education in the South Pacific. education depends heavily on Professor Ken Gannicott and decisions taken at a policy level. An Professor C. D. Throsby are conduct­ understanding of how these decisions ing an evaluation of the Impact of are taken, of the information con­ World Bank Lending for Education sidered, of the values at play, of the in Indonesia. Indonesia has been the complexity of power and vested largest recipient of World Bank loans interests involved, of the strategic for education; and it is hoped that a planning abilities of policy-makers, review of this program will provide rests on the clarification of the useful lessons for future policy theoretical underpinning of policy towards lending for educational processes just as much as on their development. In May 1989 Professor applied counterpart. While a body of Gannicott spent two weeks in Jakarta relevant data is available in public to undertake the major fieldwork. It policy, such a relationship between is hoped that the findings will be policy theory and practice in presented in Jakarta later this year education is little researched in In the applied area of physical and Australia. To address some of these health education, members of the

42 ....^..1.. -g^.^s.^u.5 -^'ri^'_^EL!^--./.:V.-*33t

program (Mr M. Hatton, Dr J. Patterson, Ms Y. Kerr and Ms R. Westbrook) have completed an evaluation of the Cancer Education Resource Kit produced by the NSW Cancer Council in support of the NSW Department of Education Secondary School Health Education Syllabus. The final report is available from the NSW Cancer Council. The same team has been commis­ sioned by the NSW Cancer Council to evaluate another resource kit: Cancer Education: A Resource for Science Teachers. These evaluation studies are part of a larger project on School Health Education established within the Education Policy Program. The School Health Education Project aims at investigating many facets of the provision of health education for young people and adolescents. It includes not only developing and Lecturer Gary Wilsmore, who is researching the identification of gifted performers reviewing curricula and curriculum in sport, working with the hockey squad, Illawarra Academy of Sport support documents but also research­ ing issues related to policy develop­ ment and implementation in Health Education. Program evaluation is one Commonwealth Project of National Education Program, the project aspect which the research team works Sig[nificance on Schooling in Rural examines ways in which computer- on but other aspects include studies Australia. The research, which based technologies can support the into the behaviour patterns of highlights the current diversity of acquisition of academic and social adolescents and research into the equipment and expertise across rural skills required for effective acceptability and credibility of schools, was published by the participation in the first years of Health Education. Commonwealth Department of school. An important part of the Employment, Education and Training project is the production of a 'guide' Other projects under way in Health in October 1988. to using computer-based technologies Education include work on 'The In this same area of enquiry, a in educational settings which cater Management of Teacher Stress' (Mr project on Technology Literacy and for children with developmental M. Hatton) and on the 'Perceived Science Education is being developed disabilities. Acceptability and Credibility of by Dr Barry Harper and Professor School Health Education' (Ms R. Fasano to explore learning strategies In a related area of study, Ms Elliott's Westbrook). in science education which could continuing research on the impact of In the related discipline of physical maximise the acquisition of tech­ computer-based learning activities on education, Dr Paul Webb is conduct­ nology literacy. One of the strategies aspects of the cognitive and social ing an evaluation of the National under investigation involves the use of development of preschool-age Coaching Accreditation Scheme as authoring systems combined with children has resulted in a number of presentations at international and part of a research on the implications interactive multimedia. Within this national conferences both in of recent policies affecting school project, second- and third-year Australia and the United States. sport. Such policies have altered teacher education students have been given the opportunity to participate dramatically over the past few years, Other research projects on which she in the development of 12 HyperCard encouraging, at times forcing, is currently working include a longi­ stacks in the areas of Environmental teachers to obtain coaching quali­ tudinal study of the Pre-tertiary Education, Astronomy and Space fications in a sport of their choice. Computing Experiences of First Year Exploration, and Higher School This evaluation aims at establishing Teacher Education Students and two Certificate Biology. the level of credibility and applied-research projects involving acceptability of the ATA coaching Research is also taking place on the development, trialling and scheme for teachers. Computers and Young Children with evaluation of curriculum resources, In the area of Computers and Developmental Disabilities (Ms A. emphasising the innovative use of a Information Technology in Educa­ Elhott and Mr N. Hall). Funded by range of information technologies in tion, Professor Carla Fasano, Mr N. the Commonwealth Early Special educational settings. Hall and Ms Jane Cook have completed a national research project on Information Technology and Educational Services as part of a

43 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY Co-ordinators: Professor R Johnston, tel. 27 0639 and A. Professor J E Falk, tel. 27 0691

HIS research program is concen­ New guides for innovation technical innovation, and that Ttrating on the examination of a in industry innovation diffusion, investment and wide range of issues associated with competition are closely related and planning, monitoring and managing Under a three-year joint project with cannot be usefully analysed or the development of science and DITAC, Professor Ron Johnston and managed separately. technology in their social context. Don Scott-Kemmis have conducted a The report also finds that the The program is directed by Associate wide-ranging review of innovation innovation process involves anything Professor Jim Falk, Head of the and research has revealed the need to from in-house R&D through to learn­ Department of Science and Tech­ reassess corporate and public policy ing by doing, and from individual nology Studies, and Professor Ron for innovation. The internationalisa­ work through to close collaboration Johnston, Director, the Centre for tion of industry and technology and with competitors. Technology and Social Change. the emergence of new science-based technologies are major challenges for The program is aimed at setting up Mapping and monitoring new areas of collaborative activity policy. The process of innovation is based upon a high level of existing itself changing radically, becoming technology in Australia expertise of the members in areas increasingly complex and requiring There is a growing recognition of the such as the internationalisation of carefully planned co-operation within need for information on the intro­ production technology, the dynamics and between different organisations. duction of new technology in of innovation, the organisational A survey of international inter-firm Australia which is detailed, implications of flexible manufacture alliances shows that Australian firms comprehensive and current. First, technology and other new production are increasingly forming collaborative there is a demand for information technologies, and national technology links with foreign concerns, primarily about technologfies themselves in management. The program has to gain access to export markets, but large part to encourage and facilitate already initiated a national Research also for joint technology develop­ innovation. Second, there are various Forum, which is held in Canberra ment. A capability for effectively requirements for information on (at ANU), sponsored visits by managing collaborative agreements is associated social changes. The eminent researchers, and provided increasingly important and can be implications of technological change basis for joint consultancies between very demanding for small firms. for employment, work organisation, the Centre for Technology and Social skills and training are increasingly A study of technology strategy in Change and the academic staff of the the subject of negotiation and the Australian information industry progfram. planning between government, indicated that most firms are business and the union movement. developing explicit strategies with an emphasis on the promotion of A report prepared by Stewart Russell innovation. In this industry, and Colin Griffith reviews existing government procurement, offsets and activities concerned with mapping, partnership policies are far more monitoring and predicting patterns of influential on technology strategy technology and work organisation, than R&D concessions. and changes in them. Activities are divided into those providing A report entitled Innovation in the information on technology itself, 1990s: New Challenges for particularly the introduction and Technology Policy and Strategy diffusion of new technologies, and revealed that recent substantial those concerned with information on changes to the accepted model of the employment, skills and work industrial innovation process are organisation as they may relate to posing new problems and challenges technological change. in the formulation of industry policy. The review forms part of the back­ Earlier assumptions such as that ground research supporting the innovation derives from scientific Technology Monitor Australia project. developments and R&D is promoted TMA is a computer database, by close links between basic research analysis and retrieval system on new and industry, and involves only new technologies and their employment technical processes and products, are and skills implications. It is being no longer valid. adapted for the Australian context It finds that the international from a prototype Monitor system competitiveness of firms arises less developed in the UK at the Tech­ from the comparative advantage of nology Policy Unit, Aston University. economies than from specific com­ The Monitor focuses on the point of petitiveness and from the structural introduction of new technologies competitiveness of its host or home particularly on incremental inno­ economy. vations and early adoptions — and It finds, too, that organisational and draws its information from articles in managerial innovation are as vital as the trade and semi-technical press.

44 Professor Ron Johnston (right) spends a good deal of time travelling. He is seen here at a Harvard conference with Professor David Roessner, of the Technology of Science Policy program, in the School of Social Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.

The Monitor, combining broad and ment issues which bridges the gap up-to-date coverage with specifics between impressionistic general about individual devices and systems, arguments and individual case allows qualitative identification of studies. It is intended to be used significant new groupings and trends; alongside and to complement other the detailed information in its records methods of surveying technological is structured to facilitate exploration change, and shows how information of patterns of change. It represents provision and analysis systems can be an attempt to provide a level of designed for particular purposes and analysis of innovation and employ­ to fill particular gaps.

45 THE LIFE SCIENCES IN SOCIAL CONTEXT Coordinator: Dr E Richards, tel. 27 0627

HOULD cancer patients be free to and to address the social and policy S choose alternative cancer treat­ implications of this research. ments whose effectiveness and safety The team, headed by Dr Evelleen are contested by the medical Richards, comprises a group of profession? Should the public water experienced researchers from the supplies be fluoridated, when many Departments of Science and question the long-term safety and Technology Studies and Sociology effectiveness of fluoridation in who bring to the project a number of protecting against tooth decay? independent in-depth analyses of a Should researchers at the Animal range of topical scientific and Health Laboratory be able to import biomedical controversies and related live foot and mouth disease virus into research. Australia against the wishes of many Rebecca Albury (Sociology) is concerned farmers and critics? How studying the controversy over in vitro should research institutes deal with fertilisation technology, analysing the allegations of biomedical fraud that diverse roles of women, opinion are denied and evaded by the leaders, government, and medical researchers concerned? What role can scientists and technologists in the women play in the debate over the debate. Ms Albury is a well-known implementation and marketing of scholar and commentator on IVF. In in vitro fertilisation technology? recognition of her work in this area, Can members of the community she was recently appointed to the participate in decisions about policy National Bioethics Consultative making and resource allocation for Committee. contentious and highly expensive Dr Brian Martin (STS) has studied medical technologies without being the controversy over the fluoridation manipulated by powerful medical of public water supplies to prevent experts and interest groups? tooth decay, examining the These are some of the many complex knowledge claims deployed by pro­ questions occupying the members of ponents and opponents and the role the Life Sciences in Social Context of the power of the dental profession. program. They emerge out of the This debate has been perhaps the progpram's focus on controversy most vociferously contested public analysis, as one of the most socially health issue in recent decades in significant and intellectually English-speaking countries, mobiHsing rewarding areas of research in the enormous passions and requiring con­ social analysis of the life sciences. tinual involvement by government Pubhc conflicts over scientific and bodies. Dr Martin also has carried technical knowledge claims make out a detailed study of the con­ more explicit the social processes troversy over nuclear winter and the which control the production and connection of scientific claims to acceptance of scientific and technical military policy. He is currently knowledge. They are therefore highly finalising Fluoridation and Power, rewarding areas of study in which to a book on the politics of the develop and test various theories in fluoridation controversy. the sociology of scientific knowledge. Dr Evelleen Richards (STS) has studied the debate over the efficacy There is no shortage of such valuable of vitamin C in the treatment of case studies in modern life, where cancer in the United States, Britain intense and prolonged public disputes and Australia, comparing its over the health and environmental evaluation with that of conventional implications of many modern cancer treatments, and examining the technologies have become common­ alleged finality of results from place. As well, these controversies randomised controlled double-blind often have major social, political and chnical trials and the role of the economic impHcations, and they have power of the medical profession and provoked serious difficulties for the alternative health movement in decision-making and policy imple­ therapeutic evaluation. She has mentation in such disputed areas. appUed this analysis to the social The Life Sciences in Social Context implementation of medical therapies researchers aim to develop an and technologies. Her book. Vitamin integrated and coherent approach to C and Cancer: Medicine or Politics?, the analysis of such conflicts in the will be published by the Macmillan life sciences and related technologies. Press (U.K.) in 1990.

46 Dr Pam Scott (STS) has studied the policy struggles and public debate over the Australian Animal Health Laboratory and the proposal to import live foot-and-mouth disease virus. The value of this major economic investment in Australian science has been contested by critics and thrown into doubt by the policy­ making process itself. Dr Scott has published a number of papers in the area, and plans to extend her research in 1989 through a visit to the Foot and Mouth Disease Laboratory established by the Australian government in Thailand.

Stephanie Short (Sociology) works and publishes in the sociology of medicine, and has studied the recent debate over the Illawarra Cancer Appeal-a-thon, as a case study of the role of the community in decision­ making and resource allocation. She is joint author of a forthcoming book. Health Policy in Australia, to be published by Macmillan (AustraUa) in 1989.

Dr Terry Stokes (STS) is currently working on the analysis of biomedical fraud, focusing on the Briggs affair. He plans a book in the area, and will be interviewing key participants in the debate during forthcoming study leave. Dr Stokes brings to the program considerable experience in the analysis of contemporary practices in biotechnological research, and is one of the authors of the forthcoming book. Life Among the Scientists: An Anthropological Study of an Australian Scientific Com­ munity (Oxford University Press, 1989). The team is employing a comparative approach to the meta-analysis of these previously analysed contro­ versies, and plans to extend this Dr Evelleen Richards: an important part of her research has been the study of the comparative analysis to other selected efficacy of Vitamin C in the treatment of cancer in the US, Great Britain and Australia, comparing its evaluation against those of conventional cancer treatments detailed controversy case studies, with a view to developing and testing a comprehensive policy-relevant model of controversy analysis. lasian Association for the Advance­ of the research team have also been A one-day workshop in methods of ment of Science, which is being invited to present a paper on their bio-medical controversy analysis was hosted by the WoUongong STS findings at the international con­ held in the STS Department in Department at 'Ranelagh' in ference of the Society for Social October 1988, and attracted Robertson, in the Southern High­ Studies of Science, to be held in researchers and gfraduate students lands of New South Wales. Members Irvine, California, in November 1989. from a number of disciplines, both inside and outside the University. As well, a session is being organised around this theme for the 1989 Annual Conference of the Austra-

47 NATURE AND DYNAMICS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co-ordinator: Dr J A Schuster, tel. 27 0723

ROGRAM D of the STAR Co­ The field of the history of science is known to first-year philosophy P ordinated Programs, co-ordinated arguably the best-developed and most students for his claim: 'I think, by Dr John Schuster, has two foci: mature of the disciplines focused therefore I am'. Rather is it the the history and sociology of the upon the social study of science and historical Descartes who was a major sciences on the one hand, and the technology, and many of the newer and symptomatic player at a critical history and sociology of technology critical tools used in the field of stage in the birth of modern science on the other. There is an asymmetry Science and Technology Studies were in the 17th century. Schuster was an here, owing to the fact that the first devised or applied by working invited, featured speaker at a major historical and sociological study of historians of science. Increasingly in international conference marking the science is a well established, mature recent years there has been an 350th anniversary of the publication and now rapidly expanding area of amalgamation between the history of of Descartes' Discourse on Method. science and the work of a newer research and scholarship, while the Building out from this, Schuster has breed of sociologists of scientific application of sophisticated historical begun to work on a major revision of knowledge, who have been concerned and sociological techniques to the the overall interpretation of the with elucidating the micro-politics study of technology is a relatively course of the Scientific Revolution, and negotiations involved in the recent and still largely embryonic and accordingly was invited to deliver framing, interpretation, and circu­ development. This entails that one the opening remarks to the 'Scientific lation of knowledge claims in the long-term aim of the program is to Revolution' Sessions of the first-ever sciences. forge an international lead in Joint US-UK History of Science reconciling and interrelating these The study of the history and Societies Conference in Manchester, two areas of research. sociology of science in Program D is England. Schuster is also well known Program D is the most purely led by Dr Schuster and Dr Evelleen for his innovative work on the academic of the programs. It is Richards, both of whom are such political and rhetorical functions of linked to the large international sociologically orientated historians of methodological discourse in the community of historians and science, and both of whom enjoy sciences. He has made significant sociologists of science and to the very-well-established international theoretical and empirical contribu­ emerging community of more critical reputations for the breadth and tions in this new, strategically historians and sociologists of extent of their research in the history important area of the history and technology. This fact, however, and historical sociology of science. sociology of science. More recently he enhances rather than diminishes the Dr Richards is a recognised inter­ and Dr Richards joined forces, relevance of Program D to the national expert on the development combining his expertise on the STARS endeavour, because it is and acceptance of Darwin's theory of politics of method with hers on well recognised here at WoUongong evolution. She is currently continuing feminist perspectives on science, to and in the relevant international her series of meticulous studies of the produce a critique of recent feminist communities, that high-level institutional, social, political and writings on the history and method academic research aimed at inter­ ideological factors involved in the of science. Their joint work was national discipHnary peers has been construcction, deployment and accep­ featured, controversially, at that same and continues to be a deep source of tance of the theory of evolution. She US-UK Manchester conference, and insight, and of critical testing, for has been specialising in revising will soon be featured, along with a tools and ideas of use at the 'coal traditional positivist and 'history of series of replies and counter-replies, face' of contemporary issues in ideas' interpretations of these matters, in an issue of the major journal. science and technology policy, as well exploring and deploying newer Social Studies of Science. as in the rough and tumble of the techniques of contextual and social More than that, Dr Schuster has politics of science and technology. history of science. recently completed, with Mr Graeme Her standing in this area is Watchirs, a major exploratory underlined by her recently being a revision of the framework for under­ special invited participant in a standing the rise of experimental Harvard University seminar on new sciences in the 18th century, an issue perspectives in the history of the life that has exercised many historians sciences, and by her being awarded a and philosophers of science, including Royal Society of London grant to Schuster's own mentor, Thomas S. attend a similar gathering of inter­ Kuhn, with whom Schuster now con­ national experts at the University of siderably differs. Edinburgh. As for future developments in the Dr Schuster works in the earlier history and sociology of science in period of the Scientific Revolution Program D, Drs Schuster and and in the 18th century, using similar Richards project more of the same, tools and techniques of the newer including, in the medium term, the historiography of science. His work appearance of Dr Richards' book on on the scientific and mathematical matters Darwinian, and Dr Schuster's career of Rene Descartes has won on issues Cartesian, wide recognition and citation. Compared with the history of science, Schuster's object is not the Descartes the field of the history of technology

48 is relatively under-developed, consist­ ing until very recently in artifactual antiquarianism and various types of heroic, unilinear tales of techno­ logical progress. This situation is now rapidly changing—in ways on which Program D intends to capitalise — due to the intervention of scholars from neighbouring fields of economic history, history of science and sociologfy. There is emerging a new, socio­ logically informed history of technology in its political, cultural and economic contexts. The newer history/sociology of technology is also becoming an important site and source of perspectives for technology policy and the politics of contem­ porary technology. Program D addresses the challenges of the new history/sociology of technology on three related fronts. First, the program has in hand, under the guidance of Dr Stewart Russell and Dr John Schuster, a collaborative project aimed at assessing and revising the main body of new models in the history/sociology of technology, those devised by a Dr J A Schuster: his work on the scientific and mathematical career of Rene gfroup of English, French and Dutch Descartes has won wide recognition and citation scholars who have extensive back­ grounds in the sociology of science. Across the STAR Combined Programs Second, and relatedly. Professor The third weapon in Program D's there is some sympathy, and much Stephen Hill is engaged in a major assault on the new terrain of history/ criticism, of these new approaches, theoretical and empirical project in sociology of technology consists in along with a reservoir of expertise the history/sociology of technology. detailed fieldwork in the historical that will allow the group to con­ Bringing to bear his wide experience archeology of technology. This is the tribute to the emerging international in social theory, science and tech­ speciality of Mr Brian Rogers, who debate. The matter is important, not nology policy, and empirical studies brings to the program many years of only for future directions of the in the sociology of technological 'hands on', meticulous empirical work academic fields concerned, but change. Professor Hill is constructing on sites of early industrialisation in because the new history/sociology of an interpretative model of how tech­ Australia. technology is perceived to have nology, culture and society interact The intellectual challenge in the implications for contemporary policy over time, using in his most recent technology area of Program D is analyses and issues. In the short term book the case of the industrialisation therefore to continue the integration Drs Russell and Schuster plan to co­ of Britain, counterposed to a number and cross-fertilisation of the three ordinate a series of critical theoretical of contemporary cross-cultural existing projects, while working and case studies, leading to the studies. Professor Hill's aim is to more broadly to widen the area publication of a collaborative book forge a policy-relevant framework for of conceptual, empirical and embodying an identifiably WoUon­ viewing technological and social methodological common ground gong perspective. change in an historical fashion, between the history and sociology of without submitting to old-fashioned technology, and the history and notions of technological determinism sociology of science; and, to do this and triumphalism, and while while continuing to keep an eye correcting what he sees as over- firmly glued to the policy and simpHfications in the European work planning implications richly mentioned earlier. suggested by both.

49 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT Coordinator: Professor S C Hill, tel. 27 0745

facturing industry. This work is providing an essential database for future work both here and elsewhere. One of the program members is to spend 18 months in W. Germany on a Humboldt Fellowship doing com­ parative work in this area. Progress is also being made on key areas of government policy where monitoring through information technologies is increasingly essential. One project focuses on one of the key ecological issues of the late 20th century, the potential 'greenhouse effect', and explores the use of information technologies to monitor and change energy conservation practices. Collaboration has been established with RMIT's Department of Environmental Assessment and Planning. A related project concerns the more pragmatic concern of using information technologies to monitor road transportation systems. Literature search has been completed and comparative research is about to be conducted in Hong Kong and the Professor Stephen Hill's chief area of research is in the relationship United States. between introduced social change and organised culture and design As an early step in drawing what were initially separate projects T)ROGRAM B of the STAR Co- munications' patterns with con­ together into a coherent program -•- ordinated Programs explores the siderable impact on the viability of analysis, contributions of researchers social architecture that exists and the organisations' cultures. Research involved in the Information Tech­ shapes the impact and policy impli­ is progressing towards development of nology in its Social Context program cations of information technologies. quite new diagnostic tools for are being compiled into a book for On this basis, it is the objective of assessment of organisational cultural publication later this year. the program to extend the analysis to health and for social design of Finally, the concept of inter- explore the desig^n of alternative introduced technological change. disciplinarity is built into this social architectures —both in com­ Also, it has been shown that 'expert program, and it is the program's mercial and government sectors —that systems' represent the de-construction concept that 'windows of opportunity' are needed to ensure the main­ of professions towards the com­ remain open for future close tenance of productivity together with puterised accessibility of professional collaboration with other areas of human and ecologically sustainable knowledge for lay managers. What university research. Presently, environments for future national research on expert systems is showing program members come from the development. is that de-construction of professional Department of STS, Sociology, The main direction of program knowledge is socially far more Management and the Centre for activity concerns the development of complex than often assumed, so that Technology and Social Change, while research and social theory on (I) the the only expert systems that are collaboration with other universities relationships between introduced operating effectively at this stage has been established. technological change and organisa­ are those which capitalise on quite As a program that attacks an issue of tional culture and design; and (2) the simple and repeatable knowledge such importance as the 'social nature of knowledge changes intro­ parameters, such as are employed in architecture' of information duced into organisations through translating 'craft' knowledge of technologies, and is stimulated by development and application of insurance into decision parameters. leading-edge work already done to 'expert systems'. Comparative research is developing develop new social paradigms for What has already been identified is on United States 'Silicon Valley' analysis, the program is highly likely that at the contact point between enterprises v. comparable enterprises to generate a considerable enhance­ person and machine, major changes in Australia to identify profiles of ment of the University's research in organisation culture are occurring. success and failure in the standing and consequent external Computerised 'information' has been development of expert systems. financial support. Substantial found to be not equivalent to A secondary area of work within this external interest in the program's organisation 'communication'; but program is on the development of a research —from both government and instrumental 'information flows database on the introduction of commercial agencies —has already displace prior organisational 'com­ information technologies into manu­ been generated.

50 LABOUR MARKET ANALYSIS Coordinator: Mr R G Castle, tel. 27 0655

relative importance of cultural as against the biological factors are also assessed. Increased workforce participation not only helps disadvantaged groups, it can also expand total production and relieve labour-market bottlenecks. Appropriate education and training Researchers Mr Rob policies are also important in this Castle and Associate process. The work done by Robert Professor John Castle, of the Department of Mangan Economics, emphasises the role of training in rural areas. This work grew out of a report for the Australian Council for Employment and Training, focusing on the particular problems faced by Aboriginal workers in rural New South Wales. It indicated the limited range of training available in even medium-size country towns and the special difficulties for those in smaller and more isolated com­ munities. Improved design of training programs can bring about major benefits for the individuals involved as well as the community as a whole. The development of suitable training ' I 'HE announcements of the closure highlights the position of disadvan­ also requires knowledge about the -•• of Tallawarra power station and taged workforce groups. These people changing pattern of employment and Huntley Colliery caused the media, have below-average participation in, the skills required by industry. John trade unions and other local and rewards from, the workforce even Mangan's DECON model is invalu­ organisations to turn to A. Professor in periods of high employment. able in this regard, as is more sector John Mangan of the Department of specific work by Charles Harvie and Economics for his estimates of the Associate Professor Don Lewis' work Dodo Thampapillai on the energy total job losses which could be for the Women's Bureau on 'Training sector and by Vargheuse George, now expected in the Illawarra region as a Programs for Women on Leave' em­ at MacArthur Institute of Advanced result of the closures. It was able to phasises the need for specialised Education, on the finance sector. provide this information using the training to ease the re-entry problems These projects have attracted outside DECON model —a regional input- of women workers, who can suffer funding and provide an analysis of output model which he has developed disadvantage as a result of periods future job prospects in these sectors. over the past two years to indicate out of the workforce for family the output and employment linkages reasons. Workplace adaptation to changing between industries in the Illawarra. Associate Professor Lewis is con­ circumstances is a key element of the tinuing his work on the effects of labour-market analysis program. The Dr Mangan's model includes career interruptions on the relative ways in which people respond to demographic factors and welfare earnings of females. This work uses labour-market changes is also benefits and was developed by him the Australian Longitudinal Survey of addressed by the program. for the South Coast Employment workers to assess the real wages of Mike Donaldson, from the Sociology Development Project. It is a individuals before and after an Department, is looking at the ways in considerable advance on existing interruption and helps to explain which single mothers who are outside regional input-output models and has part of the continuing earnings the workforce manage to survive on been developed so that it can be later differential between men and women. incomes below the poverty line. This applied to other regions of Australia. Don Lewis and Chris Nyland are project examines their involvement in The prompt estimates of job losses jointly researching other reasons for part-time and informal employment. which could be made using the the differential between female and The program is attempting to pro­ model provided a solid economic male earnings, including occupa­ vide a picture of the workforce posi­ basis for the community-based tional segregation by gender and the tion of different groups and regions opposition to the closures. It can also role played by biological factors. This in order to improve their participa­ be used as a basis for submissions to work looks at differences in physical tion and earnings. Such findings are government on regional measures strength between men and women directly relevant to policy makers, needed to alleviate unemployment and the possible effects this might and may go some way towards reduc­ resulting from the closures. have on labour productivity, the ing the considerable social costs of Other work within the program division of labour and earnings. The unemployment.

51 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION Coordinator: A. Professor Y C Loo, tel. 27 0033

A MAJOR strength of the Depart- Another seven are planned for 1989 strength but without paying due •^^- ment of Civil and Mining and 1990. attention to the Bauschinger effect. Engfineering is in the area of Large-scale model tests of this type This information is important to the Structural Engineering and Con­ are a highly labour intensive and designers of steel structures utilising struction. There are eight members expensive business. The project is tubular struts. in this Research Program, which currently funded by the Australian covers basic and applied research on Research Council (|29,319 for 1989). concrete structures and masonry arch In 1987 and 1988, Mr Falamaki Full-scale tests of semi-rigid bridges, static and dynamic received a full Iranian government joints for steel frames under behaviour of steel structures, and scholarship totalling $40,000. In dynamic loading low-cost construction materials and addition, the local industry and pumped concrete. WoUongong TAPE have provided The first theoretical findings of this Also in train are technology transfer material support and services project were published in 1985 at the projects in the form of personal amounting to over |17,000. Metal Structures Conference held at computer software developments in The major outcome of this research Monash University. At the same con­ structural analysis, design and is expected to take the form of a ference an Australia-wide Survey of engineering education. reliable design procedure for Research Needs for Metal Structures punching shear in flat plates with was presented by Dr L. Pham of spandrel beams. It will benefit the CSIRO and Dr D. S. Mansell of Punching shear failure Australian construction industry and Melbourne University. Two topics Used commonly in multi-storey also help maintain Australia's which were considered by the reinforced concrete buildings, a flat- standing as an advanced nation in industry to be the most important are plate structure is built up of slabs concrete structures research. combined in this project. (floors) and columns only—that is to The survey findings are vindicated by say, no beams or girders are used. the extensive support the project Because of its simplicity, the flat- Inelastic behaviour of steel received from the industry (BHP, plate system, from an architectural tubular struts Vipac, Australian Welding Research and construction point of view, is an Association, ARL, Transfield, excellent structural form. This type Because of their weight efficiency and Minenco, Mannesmann Demag, of structure is popular in most structural characteristics, steel V/line, Newsteel, Bunge Steel, and countries, including Australia. tubular members are widely used in VSL). This included materials, But the understanding of certain large-span structures such as space facilities, technicians' time and aspects of the behaviour of this form trusses. Tubular members are often money totalling about $60,000 in the of construction is unfortunately today, cold-formed during fabrication, and past two years. still incomplete, a factor which gfives sometimes also during construction. According to Dr R. Kohoutek, the rise to a lack of precision in analysis Cold forming or straining always principal investigator, the project and design. This is particularly true leads to a decrease in yield strength includes the tests of 80 full-scale for punching shear failure at the whenever the member is loaded to standard (welded and bolted) joints corner and edge columns of flat-plate produce strains in the opposite made up of UC250 universal column structures with spandrel beams direction from the initial straining. sections. So far 26 joints have been (which are constructed around the This strength reduction is referred to tested at Vipac in Melbourne. Tests perimeter of each floor). The reason as the Bauschinger effect. The effect of another 16 joints will be conducted for this is that there is insufficient is found to interact under load with at the University. The results will be experimental data. In Australia, two other material effects —those of used to guide the testing of the before the present project, only two strain aging and strain hardening. remaining joints. successful models were tested —those at the University of NSW. The finite-element method is Results of the tests will form a employed in this project to study database for the dynamic perform­ The research started in 1987 as a both the geometrical and material ance of standard joints not presently PhD project conducted by Mr non-linear load-deflection behaviour available. With the theory already Masood Falamaki under the direction of steel tubular struts. The so-called developed, the prediction of natural of Associate Professor Yew-Chaye Loo. arc-length numerical method is used frequencies, parametric resonance Apart from theoretical studies, a to trace the pre-buckling and part- and the dynamic response of framed series of five half-scale models of buckling load deflection curve of structures will be possible for an reinforced concrete flat plate tubular struts. To check the validity operating range of frequencies. structures, each weighing about five of the theory, 76 pin-ended tubular tonnes, were tested to destruction. struts with length varying from 0.75 m to 3.0 m have been tested. Under the direction of Professor Levris Schmidt, the work has so far revealed that it is potentially hazardous to prestrain tubular struts in tension to enhance the yield

52 Members of the research project with one of a series of five concrete flat-plate structures, weighing some five tonnes, which was tested to destruction

Pressures and losses in developed within the pump and the analysis of single-DOF (degree-of- concrete pumping line. freedom) damped systems and two- DOF undamped systems of either In modern-day construction an Under the joint direction of Dr Denis spring-mass or shear frame con­ increasingly large amount of concrete Montgomery and Dr Yen Wen Wong, figuration. User options included free is being moved by pumping. Con­ an extensive testing program has or forced harmonic vibration and, in crete pumping was developed in the been carried out to study the the latter case, zero or non-zero 1930s, but only in the past two pressures and losses during the initial conditions. decades has it gained popularity, with concrete pumping process. The today approximately one-quarter of project is believed to be unique in More recently, the range of topics has the concrete on building sites being Australia. With grants from The been extended to include forced moved through concrete pumps and University of WoUongong totalling vibration due to base motion and pipelines. Pumped concrete is par­ $20,000, the research is aimed at shock pulse excitation, and rotational ticularly suitable where space is developing design aids which will be degrees-of-freedom associated with limited, such as in tunnels and on useful to the Australian construction rigid body motion. congested construction sites. Concrete engineers. Interactive colour-graphics displays can be pumped over quite large are used throughout the various distances, typically more than 450 m stages of the respective programs horizontally and 150 m vertically Animated vibrations and feature animated simulation (upward). Experience in the teaching of sequences, as well as the more usual graphical plots, for both time and Among other factors, the distance engineering vibrations has indicated frequency domain response. over which concrete can be pumped the need for appropriate graphics- depends on the capacity of the pump based computer software to supple­ The original version of Animated and the size of the line. Essentially ment the analytical presentation of Vibrations was first introduced at the pump must supply enough force the subject. Animated Vibrations —z. the University of WoUongong in 1985 to overcome friction between the package of user-friendly programs for and, with its subsequent upgrades, concrete and the interior surface of the IBM PC and compatible has continued to be popular with the line. Although the performance microcomputers —has been developed students in improving their under­ aspects of pumps is well studied, very by Dr Max Lowrey in response to standing of engineering vibrations. Httle reliable information is available that need. The software has also been installed concerning the actual frictional losses In the first phase of the work, at other educational institutions in incurred, and the pumping pressures programs were written for the Australia and the United States.

53 EQUITY IN EDUCATION Coordinator: Dr N J Kyle, tel. 27 0374

HE encouragement of more the first week of session 2. Twomen into non-traditional areas The third stage will more closely of study at The University of examine the links between four WoUongong features strongly within selected Illawarra secondary schools the research program. Equity in with the University. The researchers Education. The program is co­ plan to work closely with the selected ordinated by Dr Noeline J. Kyle in schools, teachers, parents and the School of Learning Studies. students to develop a close relation­ Together with Professor Ron King, ship between the schools and the Ms Jan Wright, and Ms Jan James, University. In the longer term it is Dr Kyle has established close links planned to focus more strongly on with the faculties of Engineering, selected variables such as the Science, Computing Science, and influence of peers, the family, ethnic, Mathematics, the Counselling Centre, socio-economic, race and gender the University Schools Liaison aspects of the issue. Officer, Ms Liz Hilton, the NSW Department of Industrial Relations A fourth stage will examine the and Employment (Women's Direc­ 'institutional ecology' (WISTA report torate), the Women in Science and by Professor E. Byrne) through an Technology group (WISNET), and examination of the attitudes and local industry and schools. practices of university staff in non- The Equal Opportunity Officer traditional areas of study. (BHP) has liaised closely at all stages The intended outcome of the project of the project and the BHP is pro­ is to establish closer and more viding funding to support expansion effective University/school relation­ of the project into combined ships that will foster increased activities which enhance the image of numbers of girls choosing non- non-traditional employment for traditional areas of study at tertiary women, as well as of higher educa­ level. As well as relating specifically V tion. BHP has a commitment to to The University of Wollongong's i draw the attention of women in the concern with equity and special Dr Noeline Kyle Illawarra to the prospect of employ­ encouragement to Illawarra youth, ment with the company over the full the project has major strengths in its range of positions offering and the ability to gain support from local areas of higher education and industry (BHP), the non-traditional training that will facilitate this faculties and the local community. process. Five female students are completing the final-year subject, ELEC457 The network provides a coherent and Thesis, in the Department of Elec­ supportive environment for the pro­ trical and Computer Engineering in ject to be implemented with mini­ 1989. In the 13-year history of this mum duplication of resources or subject there has been only one other activities. This is stage one of the occasion, in 1986, when there has project and will become a continuing been more than one female student. process as more networking is accom­ The Department is hoping that this plished. For example, the recom­ 'first' is a precursor for the future for mendations of the Women in Science women in engineering on campus. and Technology in Australia (WISTA) Project which has been carried out Dr Kyle has received a grant of for DEET by Professor Eileen Byrne $3,737 from DEET under the (University of Queensland) and Dr 1988-89 Women's Research and Elizabeth Hazell (University of NSW) Employment Initiatives Program to will provide a model for the action conduct research into three key areas research planned. Also, an affecting the education and training application has been lodged with of women and girls in the Illawarra. DEET for funding to extend the Dr Kyle will provide consultancy project beyond its present pilot stage service and a detailed report on into a mainstream activity. increasing the number of girls in The second stage is to survey female traineeships in non-traditional students enrolled in non-traditional employment in the Illawarra; careers study at The University of WoUon­ advice given to g^rls in years 7 to 10 gong. A questionnaire has been in Illawarra secondary schools; non- designed and distributed for dis­ traditional employment sectors in the cussion to the various departments Illawarra and how these influence the and groups. It was implemented in choice of girls in their future work

54 prospects and training. The research will be located under the Equity in Education Research Program and will be supported by other staff and resources as required. There is little doubt that equity issues in education remain funda­ mental to the effective development and analysis of the cognitive strategies by which an individual child learns. Despite the emphasis now placed on economic factors in education, there remains clear support, from educa­ tional systems and governments, for continued development and refine­ ment of the measures that can be used to increase access and partici­ pation of disadvantaged groups in formal schooling and post-schooling training. At state and national level there are priorities in funding for specific targeted groups; the entry of women into non-traditional study (our major project addresses this priority) and the increased participation of Aboriginal, non-English-speaking background and low socio-economic- background students, and improved retention rates for all groups plus in­ creased enrolments in higher educa­ tion. All these priority areas are addressed within the Equity in Education Research Program throughout a range of other projects. In addition, the Equity in Education Research Program has been selected to administer on behalf of the University a $13,000 DEET grant to Surrounding Nelly Munive's ELEC457 thesis project are, from left, foster the participation of these Marzena Singh, Nelly Munive (seated), Sunita Gill, Norazaline Ab disadvantaged groups in higher Wahab and Saadiah Saad education. Dr Kyle and her associates will administer and develop the project in the second half of 1989 achievement levels in Year 10 the educator in the past. and in session 1, 1990. mathematics and science together Other projects within the program The project will use student role with data on the class (stream) and include gender relations in gymnas­ models to demonstrate to selected aspirations these young women have tics (Ms J. Wright); cognition and disadvantaged groups in target for their results in the Higher School personality functioning across schools that higher education is a Certificate. cultures (Assoc. Prof, de Lacey); viable option for them. In addition, The Equity in Education Research early childhood educators and their it is hoped that increased retention Program has 11 projects with training in the Illawarra (Dr Kyle, Dr rates will be realised to Year 12 across common linking themes focusing on J. Kelly Ms J. Trezise, Ms A. EUiot); the selected clusters of schools. disadvantage and teacher attitudes in ethnomethodological analysis of a In another key project within the the social and cultural context. A reader's responses to fiction (Mr P. program, Dr J. Jones and Ms A. D. novel project has been devised by Dr Geekie, Mr M. Stone, Mr P. Farrar); McGavin aim to monitor and track, Kyle, Professor King and Mr Stone contextualisation and conversational over a three-year period, high where research findings in critical, inferenced in the teacher-child achieving female students in the recent biography/autobiography, dialogue (Mr P. Geekie, Mr P. subjects of mathematics and science. educational psychology and fiction Keeble); and a study of quantitative They are completing a pilot survey of are being explored and combined to conceptualisation (Prof. R. Linke, five Illawarra high schools looking at develop new understandings about Prof R. King).

55 GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE TASMANIDES Co-ordinator: A. Professor A J Wright, tel. 27 0329

N addition to contributing signifi­ evolution. These aspects include age I cantly to the discovery and and affinities of volcanic and exploitation of a large proportion of plutonic rocks; environments, ages and Australia's raw materials, and thus to setting of sedimentary sequences; and the nation's standard of living, nature and timing of structural geology provides a framework for and metamorphic events. unravelling the ancient history of the Comparison of results from the continent—and providing, too, an various areas will contribute to a essential background for mineral clearer picture of the evolution of the exploration and exploitation. The bek. Tasmanides program is concerned with various aspects of the develop­ In addition, other studies which ment of eastern Australia. How has contribute to the identification and continental drift (or the interaction understanding of the different of continental plates) contributed to geological processes may have the formation of the Australian significance for mineral exploration. continent from the time when the For instance, Dr Paul Carr (Univer­ southern supercontinent Gondwana- sity of WoUongong) and Dr Graham land existed? In particular, the Carr (CSIRO), under the joint research focuses on ancient island funding agreement, are investigating arcs, supplemented by continuing methods of fingerprinting studies of numerous aspects of the mineralisation in the Lachlan Fold geology of the present-day island arc Belt; such work is supplementary to A. Professor Tony Wright region of Indonesia by a contingent the continuing progfram research. of 27 Indonesian postgfraduate Dr Chris Fergusson and Associate research students (funded by AIDAB Professors Evan Leitch (UTS) and and ADB) in the Department of Bob Henderson (JCU, Townsville) Geology. have been carrying out field work on the rocks of the northern part of the Around the present-day Pacific rim, New England Fold Belt in northern numerous island arcs (curved chains Queensland. This work has concen­ of islands, such as the Aleutians in trated, so far, on an assemblage of the North Pacific or the Banda arc smashed rocks that were added to the in Indonesia) have formed as the outer part of an ancient volcanic arc volcanic expression of the process of that stretches from Newcastle to subduction, whereby oceanic crust of Townsville. These rocks were smashed one plate is forced or driven under during the collision of the oceanic the crust of the neighbouring plate. crust of the Palaeo-Pacific plate with Processes similar to those of today the Australian continent of the time operated when the continent of during the process of subduction, or Australia was reaching its present destruction. Because of their lumpy configuration, so it is not surprising appearance, they are commonly that geologists find evidence for referred to as 'porridge rocks'. They 'fossil' island arcs in the rocks of consist of mixtures of sand, mud and eastern Australia. oceanic rocks (basalt and chert), and Examples of these arcs occur in the are known to geologists as melange Tasman Fold Belt, a system of old (Fr. mixture). The arc and the rocks now trending essentially north- smashed rocks formed 300 million south in eastern Australia; rocks years ago. Their presence indicates deposited in this belt, which was that the Rockhampton area has had located on the ancient active margin a lively past, characterised by of Gondwanaland, are referred to as abundant major earthquakes and the Tasmanides. volcanic eruptions. We are concerned with two segments of the Tasman Fold Belt, which are Elsewhere in the New England Fold the older Lachlan Fold Belt (occur­ Belt, studies of Late Devonian (360 ring principally in NSW and million years old) corals at Keepit in Victoria) and the New England Fold northern NSW are yielding fas­ Belt (in northern NSW and cinating results to Associate Professor Queensland). Tony Wright and colleagues from the The aims of the program are to Geological Survey of NSW and the collect and analyse data relating to Universities of Sydney and NSW. different aspects of the geology of the Most Australians will be aware of the region, expecting that this will yield ancient Devonian limestone reefs of a greater understanding of its the Kimberlies in Western Australia,

56 which are exposed in the photogenic Windjana Gorge. These fossil coral faunas from NSW show for the first time that tropical or near-tropical seas existed in eastern Australia, and that this area was much closer to the equator than it is now. Among the corals are some forms recorded for the first time from Australia and one of these genera, Mixogonaria, is known only from southern China and West Germany. Most fossil corals can really be studied only from slices cut so thin as to be transparent; the Keepit species of Mixogonaria is shown in the accompanying photogpraph. In the Bungonia district of NSW, detailed studies of the Late Silurian- Early Devonian (400 million years old) volcanic, sedimentary and granitic rocks by Dr Paul Carr, Associate Professor Brian Jones and PhD student Carol Simpson have led Mixogonaria to the understanding of just how the volcanic rocks and associated sedimentary stratra were laid down, and how this relates to granitic intrusive rocks.

As important mineral deposits often occur in association with volcanic suites of this type, a detailed under­ standing of the suites of rocks is important. Some results from this work were presented at the Inter­ national Volcanological Congress at Santa Fe, New Mexico, in June 1989. Equity in the Centre for Isotope Studies at CSIRO at North Ryde will guarantee access to the best analytical equipment for geochemical characterisation of rocks studied during this Tasmanides program. Research in the northern part of the Lachlan Fold Belt near Mudgee continues to provide significant results. Just as the work in the New England area has yielded results of interest in establishing the position of the region with respect to the equator Specimen of an ooid from Cudgegong of the time, studies by Associate Professor Brian Jones and colleagues from The University of WoUongong, of rocks from near the old town of forming only in present-day shallow of present-day fauna and flora largely Cudgegong, has demonstrated for the marine environments where lime­ reflects their ability to migrate from first time that east-Australian, Late stones are being deposited at one body of water or landmass to Silurian (420 million years) rocks latitudes of 20 deg or less. another, so the study of fossils yields were deposited near the equator. The Rich shelly faunas from the Early information about the former dis­ accompanying photograph shows, Devonian rocks in the area await tribution of ancient continents and again in a thin slice, a specimen of study; as the geographic distribution plates. an ooid from Cudgegong; these pearl-like spheres are known to be

57 BULK MATERIALS HANDLING AND PHYSICAL PROCESSING Coordinator: A. Professor A G McLean, tel. 27 0053

A) PVC powder x = 60 B) Tallawarra pulverised coal x = 60 C) Dense soda ash x=180

' I 'HE bulk materials handling of the program's research to solving demands economic, efficient and -*- research program faces the industrial problems. environmentally non-damaging challenging task of establishing the This, however, exposes the research handling and processing systems for scientific base for and widening the group to an increasing range of bulk every-day materials, including—to application of bulk materials materials and materials-handling and name only a few—sugar, powdered handling and physical processing. processing applications. Efficient food ingredients, flour, grain, cereals, Attainment of these apparently testing of the materials, and pharmaceutical powders, paint contradictory aims is being effected simulation of actual systems, is pigments, detergents, refractory by systematic integrated research into possible by the research group powders, ceramics, mineral ores, and pneumatic conveying, geometrical possessing one of the most extensively coal and fly ash. Shown above are specification of bins, bin wall loads equipped bulk-materials handling typical scanning electron micrographs and discharge rates, interdependence and processing laboratories —particu­ of some bulk materials tested by the of bulk-solids properties—and their larly in pneumatic conveying—in the research group. handling and processing—and the world. The development of this The micrographs highlight the design of feeders and chutes for extensively equipped laboratory has diverse range of properties and reliable bulk materials flow. resulted through involvement with complexity of bulk materials. The Achieving the scientific base is being interested commercial organisations material properties revealed effected by the adoption of parallel and through major research funding emphasise the fact that bulk material complementary investigations. These from, notably, the Australian particles differ significantly from include the study of fundamental Electrical Research Board and smooth mono-size spherical particles bulk materials properties, the National Energy Research, Develop­ assumed in the majority of present- development of theoretical and ment and Demonstration Projects. day models used to predict bulk- mathematical models and extensive Access to, and use of, this well- material behaviour. experimental work. equipped laboratory reflects the This assumption is one theoretical The wider practical utiHsation of this significance of bulk materials in deficiency the research group is work results from frequent adoption modern society. In fact, society today aiming to overcome. However, the

58 D) Raw sugar grain x=14 E) Petroleum coke x=120 F) Erasing fly ash x=1320

complexity of powders does pose a review and develop mathematical incorporated into a PC-based user challenge to the development of models to predict/scale up operation friendly bin wall-load and flow-rate general theoretical models to predict conditions. To undertake an experi­ prediction software package. Fourthly, bulk-material flow behaviour. mental program to develop and verify the project dealing with the inter­ empirical correlations and develop dependence of bulk solid properties The models are required to design design procedures for straight pipes and their handling and processing larger, more reliable and safer and bends and to develop strategies seeks to quantify this interdependence systems to transport materials to optimise stepped-diameter pipe­ to facilitate formulation of relevant economically over long distances. lines for long-distance conveying (up models, rules and practices useful for Such models are also necessary to to 5km). Secondly, in regard to the industrial settings. Finally, in regard predict the behaviour of materials geometrical specification of bins, the to the investigation into the design of subject to increasingly diverse and research is seeking to review and feeders and chutes for bulk materials, complex industrial processing and develop the mathematical model the objective is to develop concepts transportation systems. Modern describing the flow of materials from and design techniques to minimise industry demands that these systems bins. This model will be supported problems associated with bin/feeder be correctly designed from the start, by the establishment of the concise systems and transfer chutes. in contrast to bygone design pro­ rationale for the system design of The current research effort involves cedures in which trial and error and bins accounting for bulk material five program researchers, three rules of thumb were extensively used. flow properties and imposed opera­ tional features and constraints. research associates, eight graduate Improved system design will be students and four directly associated possible by attainment of the Thirdly, the research on bin wall technical staff. In addition the particular aims of the individual load analysis and discharge rates aims research program is supported by the projects constituting the research to analyse and offset deficiencies in full secretarial, technical and work­ program. First, in regard to the the present draft Australian Standard shop support of the Departments of design of pneumatic conveying on container wall loads. Aspects of Mechanical and Materials systems research is in progjress to the work conducted is also to be Engineering.

59 AUSTRALIAN FLORA AND FAUNA Coordinators: Dr R J Whelan, tel. 27 0442 and A. Professor A J Hulbert, tel. 27 0437

Study of coral-reef ecosystems on the Great Barrier Reef shows that two of the more common species use sexual reproduction to produce larvae such as protein-energy malnutrition and a dietary way to counteract an overactive thyroid gland. All this work with direct relevance for humans come from an initial Research of 'cold-blooded' and warm-blooded mammals is receiving desire to understand the physiological international attention basis of metabolism in Australian native fauna.

AUSTRALIA has unique flora and Evolution of 'warm-blooded' Population genetics of •^^- fauna and a number of un­ mammals coral reefs spoiled natural habitats. We have an The presence of unique and impor­ Knowledge of the means of international obligation to protect tant vertebrates in Australia means reproduction and dispersal of reef- these organisms and ecosystems, and that it is an ideal place to undertake building corals is essential to our thus research on the Australian biota studies into the evolutionary biology attempts to undersand the evolution is of both national and international of vertebrates. One such study has of coral-reef ecosystems and our importance. In 1988 a number of centred on the processes involved in attempts to manage and conserve separate research projects on various the evolution of 'warm-bloodedness' areas such as Australia's Great aspects of the biology of Australian (or endothermy). This has involved Barrier Reef. It has been assumed, organisms and ecosystems were comparison of the metabolism and but not proved, that corals typically grouped into the Australia Flora and hormonal control of metabolism in produce large numbers of widely Fauna Research Program, which monotreme, marsupial and placental dispersed larvae, something which brings together expertise on the mammals (all 'warm-blooded') with would minimise the effects of biology of a broad range of localised disturbances such as an oil organisms and ecosystems. The 'cold-blooded' Australian vertebrates spill or a Crown of Thorns Starfish program ranges from studies into the such as lizards, tortoises and attack on a single reef. developmental biology of marsupials, crocodiles. One of the findings from Alternatively, larvae might have the ecologfy and breeding biology of this fundamental research is that the limited dispersal, and the successful native plants, the population genetics cells of 'warm-blooded' animals are and ecology of corals and other 'leakier' than those from 'cold­ reproduction of adults on each reef marine organisms, the sexual and blooded' animals, so that the cells may be required to maintain each social behaviour of Australian insects, have to use a considerable amount of population. This problem is made the regeneration of disturbed natural energy in counteracting this complex by the sheer size of the ecosystems to the remote sensing by 'leakiness'. Great Barrier Reef (2500 separate reefs) and the finding that even satellite of Australian vegetation This is one of the reasons for the individual species of coral may use systems. evolution of a much higher heat pro­ more than one mechanism of both duction in 'warm-blooded' vertebrates sexual and asexual (cloning) Taken together, these projects compared to their 'cold-blooded' reproduction. represent a very strong centre for ancestors. The finding has received research on the Australian biota. The international attention and is now The study has focused on Seriatopora program has also undertaken an being used in postgraduate and hystrix and Acropora palifera, which active role in the postgraduate undergraduate courses at various are two of the more common species. education of future researchers in this American and British Universities. The research has found that both area of vital national interest. This They have also given a new species use sexual reproduction to report covers only four of the over perspective on cell metabolism and produce larvae, which are then 15 projects that make up the research have led to more applied projects brooded for a period before dispersal program. which are currently under way. These and so may settle close to their brood show promise in providing novel parents. nutritional treatments for some Genetic data have been used to metabolism-related disease states, compare the relatedness of groups of

60 adult corals, from each of five main habitats, within and among reefs separated by up to 70 km. Popula­ tion genetic studies provide perhaps the only means of determining the scale of successful dispersal of larvae. Several important conclusions may be drawn from this work: (1) both species rely, almost exclusively, on sexual reproduction to maintain populations. Asexual reproduction (through fragmentation) can occur in these species, but it was found that each coral was genetically different to its neighbours. Nevertheless, (2) the patterns of genetic variation which were detected within and among the reefs imply that sexual reproduction and larval dispersal occur within sets of small, highly inbred populations. In consequence it was found that, although there is considerable genetic variation within and among habitats in each reef, each reef is genetically distinct. plant species, the evidence for the This means that individual reefs may role of non-flying mammals in be extremely susceptible to localised pollination has been equivocal. Many disturbance or exploitation. species of non-flying mammal have been documented as flower visitors in Competition among plants many parts of the world, yet this has for pollination been the first study which has demonstrated substantial pollen Studies into the pollination of several transfer by these animals. species of native flora have addressed questions which are important in understanding interactions in Spectral properties of Australian ecosystems and which are Australian flora Studies of Banksia show that, at some also relevant in a broader context. Satellite imagery is being used to sites, non-flying mammals are important pollinators Three particular findings are note­ map the distribution of plant worthy. First, where coexisting species communities in the semi-arid region of Banhsia flower concurrently, of western New South Wales. Landsat of ecualypts is being examined to competition for the services of Thematic Mapper digital imagery is develop an understanding of how leaf pollinators can occur such that some being used to monitor both the effect structure influences the reflectance species may experience a decline in of sheep grazing on native chenopod and transmission of energy. Detailed reproductive output. Second, detailed shrublands and the regeneration of field measurements of ground cover areas after sheep have been removed. examination of the pollination of the in the semi-arid region show that waratah found that despite abundant One of the aims of this research is to soils and microphytic soil crusts make pollinators, plants did not achieve develop models applicable to the a large contribution to the maximal reproductive output. More­ Australian environment in order to reflectance of the earth surface. over, plants with large floral displays correlate ground-surface conditions These soil crusts are particularly did not have greater output than with the signals received by the important in arid environments as, plants with single inflorescences satellite sensors. once the spoil bcomes broken, although experimental manipulations Satellite sensors record electro­ erosion can occur. A better under­ revealed that they should. Under­ magnetic radiation reflected from the standing of these microphytic crusts, standing limits to reproductive output earth's surface and the reflectance soils and vegetation types has an is a fundamental requirement in spectra of grasses, shrubs and trees important role to play in monitoring pollination ecology and is also have been measured covering the environmental changes and, in important in the conservation of visible through to the middle infrared particular, soil erosion potential in these plants. A third finding of wavelengths. Leaf morphology of the arid and semi-arid regions of considerable importance is that saltbushes, bluebushes and a number Australia. small, non-flying mammals are important pollinators of Banksias at some sites. Although bats are acknowledged pollinators of many

61 OTHER RESEARCH WORK

Robotics and Training in Together with the University's Key word stem completion task just Technology Centre of Advanced Manufacturing, described. These theories may be AES is setting up a substantial categorised broadly into two types. One suggests that there are two Automation and Engineering flexible manufacturing facility which will be used to provide hands-on different memory systems, episodic Applications Centre (AEAC) demonstration of the methods, skills memory and semantic memory, and The Automation Extension and techniques required by modern that in certain types of amnesia, only Sendee (AES) manufacturing technology. AES's the episodic memory system is Prof C D Cook, tel. 27 0069 courses are designed closely to impaired. The other view suggests complement the major award restruc­ that there is only one memory turing activities currently under way system, but that different operations ' I 'HE Automation Centre activities in Australia. Considerable attention is may be involved in encoding •*• continue to be highly productive, being paid to re-skilling, multi- information, and that whether a providing the University with one of skilling and accreditation require­ discrepancy between explicit and the most vigorous activities in ments. In addition, new interpersonal implicit tests of memory is observed Australia in the area of advanced skills must be developed if this depends on the nature of operations manufacturing. This work involves technology is to be used effectively involved in the task involved at extensive industrial interaction, and productive attitudes towards retrieval. research and development and sub­ quality control and innovation The present project examines the stantial training activities. developed. Computer literacy is also effects of various factors that are a key factor at all levels of AES AEAC concentrates on the design, known to affect standard tests of training. development and manufacture of memory (for example, context) with robotic and other automation systems AES's major activity currently consists the aim of developing a coherent for Australian Industry and AES of course desigfn at 60th management framework for interpreting the concentrates on providing the train­ and technician levels. Courses began relationship between memory ing necessary to allow management, in the second half of 1989. It is revealed in implicit and explicit tests. technicians and operators to expected that, within two years, over assimilate and use, cost effectively, This research has attracted funding 1000 people a year will attend AES's modern manufacturing technology. of $13,100. courses. In the past year AEAC has received substantial orders for industry to supply automatic assembly cells. One Development and of these required several machines Episodic and Semantic Evaluation of Psychological and associated computer software and Interventions for Aids- hardware to be developed to enable Memory the automatic handling and loading Dr S Kinoshita, tel. 27 0674 affected People of trays of food. This was a world A. Prof. L L Viney, tel. 27 0693 'first'; no other system of its kind had ' I 'HE hallmark of the amnesic been previously developed. ' I 'HESE projects, led by Associate -*- syndrome is an inability to recall •*- Professor Linda L. Viney, Other work included the design and recent events and new information. Psychology, are being funded by the manufacture of a robotic printed- Research, by Sachiko Kinoshita in the NH & MRC/CARG, the New South circuit board assembly cell and the Department of Psychology, however, Wales Department of Health and development of novel robot grippers has shown that amnesic people, NACAIDS and employ staff in and sensors. A new materials- although unable to recollect infor­ Sydney and Melbourne as well as handling system, involving com­ mation when explicitly asked to do WoUongong. Their overall aim is to puterised control and palletising of so, nevertheless show signs of learning identify and devise ways to meet the cartons, has also been developed. when 'implicit' tests of memory are psychosocial needs of people with Prototype construction and concept used. For example, when these people AIDS and those who care for them in proving for this will begin soon. are shown a list of words (for the community, as well as those who The Automation Extension Service example, WINTER), they may not are HIV antibody positive and started training activities in 1989. remember having seen the words, but therefore at risk of AIDS. The AES concentrates on providing they are quite likely to produce them research team is also testing seminars and formal training courses as responses when asked to 'write predictions about the different needs at all levels from senior management down the first word that comes to of such people in different Australian to shop-floor operators. This training mind that starts with the letters communities. The findings so far is provided to personnel already in WIN'. This effect is referred to as indicate that while many of their industry (which is where most people repetition priming. needs are similar to those of people are) and is the sector least catered for A number of theories have been pro­ dealing with other distressing and by existing training organisations. posed to explain the discrepancy life-threatening illnesses, there are •AES courses are therefore set up in between memory as evidenced in also some important differences. two- or three-day modules so that standard tests of memory and the Community-based differences are training is compatible with the needs repetition priming effects found in also, as predicted, emerging. of the workplace. implicit tests of memory such as the The psychological interventions being

62 tested are based on earlier similar still at school, Dr G. F. Huon, of power, particularly as these have programs developed for adults Psychology, is investigating relation­ been elaborated by contemporary hospitalised as a result of acute ships between appetite, restraint and marxist approaches, feminist theory illness, and elderly people dealing the carbohydrate and protein content and post-structuralism. This con­ with chronic illness by research teams of a controlled meal. This project, ceptual apparatus is then brought to also led by Professor Viney. They recently awarded an NH & MRC bear upon an analysis of how the take the constructivist perspective grant of $64,000 for 1989-91, aims to normalised subject is constructed and that people respond, not to their explore why dieting girls, who also how these practices, through migrant illness per se, but to the images they typically reduce their carbohydrate resistance and struggle, are modified create of it; and since they construct intake, often tend to binge on carbo­ and changed. these images themselves, they can hydrates. Results from the first three choose to develop others. experiments suggest that while the The sociological significance of the project is the analysis of the These projects are devising and proportion of carbohydrate is a crucial factor in enhancing appetite relationship between social policy, testing psychological interventions power and social change with which will, it is intended, go some with 'normal' males and females, that effect can be over-ridden by the particular reference to Australia's way to reduce the psychological costs post-war immigration policy. of AIDS. They may also, however, personality and attitudinal factors reduce its economic costs by keeping among young girls concerned about dieting to lose weight. Euroaustraliani project HIV antibody positive people longer This project is being funded for a in the workforce and reducing But the prevention of anorexia sum of $120,000 over two years by burnout in AIDS workers. nervosa and bulimia nervosa must involve a co-ordinated approach that the Agnelli Foundation of Turin, acknowledged the valuable contribu­ Italy. It involves writing a book on tion that young people themselves the history of Italian migration to Anorexia Nervosa and can make to the development of Australia, the situation of people of Bulimia Nervosa programs for the prevention of eating Italian origin in Australia today, and Dr G F Huon, tel. 27 0717 disorders. the role of Italians in helping to build Australian society. Co-authors A NOREXIA nervosa and bulimia Any progfram aimed at preventing and editors are Stephen Castles and •^^- nervosa are serious eating eating disorders would be more likely Caroline Alcorso of the Centre for disorders that occur almost exclu­ to succeed to the extent that young Multicultural Studies, Gaetano Rando sively among young women and girls. girls are themselves encouraged to of the Department of Lang^iages, and Their incidence has increased reflect on their attitudes, the source Ellie Vasta. dramatically over the past two of them, and their consequences for decades, and it has been argued that themselves and others, to recognise the prevalence of anorexia nervosa, the need for a balanced diet as well and more recently bulimia nervosa, as for realistic and healthy goals to as well as their subclinical forms, work towards, that can increase their constitute a serious public health sense of personal competence. problem. There is considerable The overriding objective of another reason for disquiet; not only is the component of this research is to prevalence of 'disordered eating' adopt an innovative approach to (potentially subclinical forms of these developing strategies for effecting disorders) thought by some re­ change in the attitudes that facilitate searchers to be alarming but anxiety dieting to lose weight among young about the body and dieting to lose girls, and which are known to place weight are so common as to be con­ them at risk for an eating disorder. sidered normative. The adverse physical and psycho- How World War II logfical consequences of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have Immigrants Integrate been well documented, and there are Ms E Vasta, tel. 27 0614 now data that underline a tendency HE central aim of the thesis by to become resistant to treatment, the TMs Ellie Vasta, Sociology, is to longer they progress. Furthermore, analyse the processes by which post granted early treatment has been World War II migrants to Australia shown to be associated with have been constituted as members of favourable outcomes, most people Australian society. Of central concern would agree, at least in principle, are the methods by which these that prevention is in every sense a people are 'normalised' through better strategy than is a curative shifting hegemonic practices and approach. social relations of class, gender and As a basis for a preventative ethnicity in post-war Australia. The intervention for younger adolescents key analytical focus is on conceptions

63 Research on Hunger and Regional Reproduction extent to which there are significant Syndromes variations between localities in the Poverty propensity of married women to bear Dr E Dayal, tel. 27 0684 Prof M G A Wilson, tel. 27 0721 a first, a second, or a third or higher older child, after taking account of local differences in female age-composition. ESPITE enormous economic "r\URING the five decades since D prosperity and the development -*—' the Great Depression of the late While fertility levels are now of science and technology, hunger 1920s and early 1930s, levels of extremely low and seem likely to and poverty persist in the developing human fertility in Australia, as in stay that way for some time, this does countries. It persists also, although to most if not all 'advanced' societies, not mean that the study of human a lesser extent, in the developed have 'roller coasted', first rising from fertility or, more particularly, of countries, indicating clearly that then historically low levels to peak in regional reproduction syndromes, either the causes for these two the early 1960s then declining again is unimportant. It might, in fact, challenging problems are as yet to historically low—and below reasonably be claimed that knowing unknown or the right approaches to replacement —levels in the 1980s. where birth rates are highest (or eradicate them have not been taken. lowest) and why, or being able to While the structural and behavioural The world community, however, is locate and explain the leading edge dimensions of this process at the becoming more aware of the prob­ of change (up or down), have never societal scale have been explored in lems—as is reflected by the growing been of greater significance to detail by other workers, very little number of centres in all major western societies, confronted as they attention has ever been paid to the universities and institutes of learning are by rapidly rising elderly popula­ way in which this broad societal for promoting research and teaching tions and the need to allocate process has been differentially mani­ programs on hunger and poverty. national resources rationally and fested at the regional or local com­ equitably to meet changfing demands Dr Edison Dayal is actively engaged munity level and why such differences for health and welfare services. in research on hunger, poverty, and have occurred; yet such matters are agricultural development. He is not without their significance to those currently investigating the extent of concerned with the production of hunger and food poverty in South regional population projections so Limit State Geotechnics and Asia, and the underlying causes for widely used in local government and the regional concentration of the other forms of social planning. At Expert Systems problem. He is also involved in the heart of Professor M. G. A. Dr V U Nguyen, tel. 27 0450 developing a regional theory of Wilson's (Department of Geography) BJECTIVES of this program are population growth and change in research project, therefore, has always O to investigate application of food-production systems. been a concern to identify spatial limit state concepts in geotechnical patterns of fertility, to monitor their engineering design and to develop changes over time, and to seek expert systems for civil engineering explanations for such variability and design and construction. change in the social, economic and locational characteristics of 'place'; This program, too, has been con­ all this within the particular context tinuing for a number of years. Work of the eastern states of Australia. on the program is being carried out with the assistance of final-year Particular thrusts have included an Honours thesis students. Offshore pile examination of the nature and socio­ foundation design has been chosen as economic determinants of 'delayed' a focal application area of limit state childbearing in NSW, changes in the design methodology. level of overall and marital fertility across the population of defined Development of expert systems has urban areas in eastern Australia also been assisted by final-year during the period 1966-76, a students taking a newly developed demonstration of the strongly marked course through the students' project convergence of regional and local work for the course. More interaction fertility levels in NSW since the between research and teaching is 1960s, and explorations of the utility being planned through short courses of conventional, a-spatial, socio­ for practising engineers in the economic theories of differential Spring. fertility to the explication of spatial variability. Current work is examining the variability within NSW of ex- nuptial fertility and, more impor­ tantly, the nature and determinants of variations in 'order-specific' nuptial fertihty within NSW, that is, of the

64 Residential Location and Healthy Cities Illawarra disciplinary. Within the University Activity Spaces of Marginal Project the Departments of Geogjraphy and Groups Chemistry, and the School of Health A. Professor C Ewan, tel. 27 0462 Sciences, are actively involved. Dr H P M Winchester, tel. 27 0711 "JV/rODERN health promotion Additional programs have been R Hilary Winchester is one ^^^ strategies may be classified into undertaken by Healthy Cities D of a small group of human those which are interventions directed Illawarra in response to community geographers whose primary research at individuals, trying to control their interest. Most recently (June 1989), interests are in population, social and own health hazards, perhaps against the project organised a clean-up of urban geography. She has been a background of lack of education, Lake Illawarra, a project which examining the processes of urban poor housing and unemployment, involved over 30 public and private polarisation, and in particular the and interventions which are directed organisations as sponsors and some location of marginal groups in cities. at the community. Those actions 2,500 people as participants. which address factors such as Gentrification of inner city areas has Seventy institutions are represented education, environmental health, thrown into sharp relief the plight of on the steering committee, which acts poverty and housing are better the urban poor. Various population as a reference body. A management directed against the community. sub-gfroups are marginalised from committee —comprising representa­ An initiative of the World Health mainstream society and from prime tives from the three local municipal Organisation's European Office, spaces in the city by a combination governments, the Illawarra Area Healthy Cities aims to develop the of economic, social and legal means. Health Service, The University of individual efforts to remove health These exclusion processes are cur­ WoUongong, and the community- hazards with an orientation towards rently a focus of study; the obvious oversees the operational side. processes of economic competition for optimum health for the community. scarce resources are supplemented by The underlying rationale of Healthy At present, the Healthy Cities Project more subtle mechanisms. In gentri- Cities rests on the commonsense embodies a fairly urgent concern and fying areas, for example, the creation assumption that the most efficient common vision which are emerging of an image based on the appeal of a way to promote health is to develop in many and various communities. It certain lifestyle may be effective in the infrastructure of public health is apparent that the traditional changing demand for previously run­ rather than focus exclusively on sectoral perspectives of health down housing. Another mechanism individuals. The strategy for services, local and state governments, which effectively excludes marginal promoting responsible consumption producers, consumers, and com­ groups from non-residential areas is of health options is an important one munity organisations can and should the selective enforcement of the law, but is addressed by other health- be refocused by the horizon of the for example in keeping busking, promotion activities which comple­ 'new' public health. Each community, begging and street prostitution from ment Healthy Cities. in accord with its own brand of prime city areas. commonsense, is in the process of The School of Health Sciences and exploring the structures and strategies Study of the processes of exclusion is the Illawarra Area Health Service which will bring about its own supplemented by the empirical study introduced Healthy Cities Illawarra healthy city. in March 1987 in tandem with of particular groups. Since 1966, the The primary objective of the project, fastest-gfrowing family type in Aus­ similar initiatives in Canberra and Noarlunga (SA). A three-year grant as funded by the Department of tralia has been the one-parent family. Health and Community Services, is to These families are predominantly was awarded by the Department of Health and Community Services in analyse and share the experiences of composed of women and children, the three pilot cities in the hope that and they now form a quarter of all June 1987 to analyse and evaluate the project in the three cities, with the such experiences will be of help to families which are at or below the intention of making the findings other cities intent on bringing about poverty line. The economic mar- available to other communities the same vision. ginalisation of the group is com­ throughout Australia. Located in the School of Health pounded by severe activity constraints Sciences, the Project Officer is in time and over space; and by a Healthy Cities Illawarra includes six responsible for the analysis and marked residential concentration into task forces directly concerned with evaluation of the project which will areas of public housing. issues that are considered problems be completed in June on the basis of statistical data or 1990. Interim public perception. Those task force reports given at National Healthy targets are AIDS, air pollution, Cities workshops as well as papers cardiovascular disease, childhood presented at the International accident prevention, elderly and Conference on Research for Healthy retired, and employment. A seventh Cities in the Hague (The Nether­ task force is compiling data on the lands) indicate the value of the social determinants of health for project. presentation in a local health atlas. In accord with the intersectoral orientation of the Healthy Cities Project, the task forces are inter­

65 Fires and Explosions in Explosion modelling new work steps outside the views Mines This work covers the analysis of which he previously presented on methane fires and their propagation behalf of Structuralists and Post- A. Prof. R W Upfold, tel. 27 0039 throughout a coal mine as the flame Structuralists—hence the proposed TJVDLLOWING on from two major front is fed coal dust dislodged by title. Against Superstructuralism. -•- disasters in underg^round coal the preceding shock wave. The model The first two steps of his argument mines, Appin and Moura, Associate created is being coded for solution against Superstructuralism are now in Professor R. W. Upfold has carried using parallel Fortran and T800 place: (i) a critique of the general out major projects in the area of fires transputers. Superstructuralist failure to con­ ceptualise the syntagmatic side of and explosions. All the work has One of the objectives is to display language, and (ii) an exposition of an been supported by NERDDC. graphically various parameters as the alternative theory which highlights Expenditure during 1988/89 has flame front traverses the three- the syntagmatic processes and their amounted to $180,000. Most of the dimensional mine; ray tracing tech­ crucial role in language (the subtitle research is in association with both niques are being used for this for the new book is A Syntagmatic the Department of Industrial purpose. A NERDDC Sub-contract. Relations and Employment at Theory of Language). Londonderry and the Australian Coal Expert systems for hazards and In subsequent chapters, the insights Industry Research Laboratories. emergencies of this alternative theory will be Research varies from mathematical The project, conducted by the extended to further debates in the modelling to experimental work with Australian Coal Research Labora­ fields of philosophy, linguistics, and gas explosions, and the use of tories, involves the use of Expert literary criticism. The reading of the transputers for high-speed computing System techniques to develop a com­ very wide range of material relevant work. puter system to take over immediately to these chapters has been Dr The five major projects are touched a disaster, or a major emergency, Harland's main preoccupation during on below. occurs in an underground coal mine, the past year, along with the and then advise personnel on the best finalisation of the first two chapters. Failsafe suppression of course of action to be taken and then fires/explosions audit all action. Failsafe suppression of flames from WoUongong is supplying the expert explosions in underground coal mines information that is being incor­ Urban Centre Parking included mathematical modelling of porated in the model. A NERDDC Model a flame front striking a water-mist sub-contract from ACIRL. Mr R G Thompson, tel. 27 0038 curtain arranged in its path. The project also included model testing at A N Urban Centre Parking Model Mine ventilation simulation for the University of small-scale gas -^^- is being developed by Mr R. G. smoke plumes explosions and recording the Thompson (Civil and Mining resultant flame front as it propagated Experimental work at Londonderry Engineering) which involves the through various mist curtains. The in the full-scale fire gallery has shown testing and evaluation of a network- work was also confirmed by full-scale that smoke plumes can move up­ simulation model of urban traffic explosion tests in the 2m-diameter stream against the ventilation flow. movements that incorporates parking. explosion gallery at Londonderry. The experimental data are being The characteristics of numerous trip A NERDDC Grant. incorporated into an earlier ventila­ types will be investigated, including tion model developed at WoUongong, parking duration, arrival, occupancy graphically to show smoke, methane Safety training and modal split rates. Detailed route and pressure levels resulting from Interactive training of mine personnel choice and parking-choice models mine fires. A NERDDC sub-contract is centred on personnel car driving will also be developed. from Londonderry. underground. Various video clips are This model will predict the effects of being transferred to a lOin laser disk Seven research workers are currently parking location, sizing and manage­ holding 54,000 separate frames. A employed on the projects: three full- ment policies within urban centres. program is being written so that time, two half-time and two Lot and traffic network performance operator interactive input determines consultants. measures will allow traffic manage­ the series of videos shown, thus ment schemes (pedestrian malls and allowing operator error to be noted. one-way streets), parking-information Basically, the project is to produce a systems and the traffic impacts from very basic simulator for driving mine personnel tracked vehicles in a real Against Superstructuralism underground situation. A NERDDC Dr R Harland, tel. 27 0678 Grant. "pVURING the past year Dr Richard -*-' Harland, in the English Depart­ ment, has been working on a sequel to his previous book, Superstruc­ turalism: The Philosophy of Struc­ turalism and Post-Structuralism. The

66 new-land-used development to be to the debate on immigration and Bulk Density of Coals assessed. multiculturalism, which was at the A. Prof. N Standish, tel. 27 0011 The RGT road design package will centre of the public arena during be enhanced to include NAASRA Australia's bicentennial year. Other ' I 'HE bulk density of coal in coke standards, digitised terrain input and publications, conference papers and -^ ovens is an industrially important intersection design. media appearances by CMS personnel factor. If it is too high, excessive made significant contributions to pressure generated can damage oven The TRANSTAT package will be policy debates and advancement of walls. If it is too low, productivity enhanced to incorporate two- knowledge in immigration and ethnic and coke quality suffer. Optimum dimensional statistical distributions, affairs. bulk density is therefore wanted. But network modelling and traffic volume this depends on coal grind, moisture analysis. Two CMS research students success­ fully completed MA (Hons) disserta­ content and oil addition. The project A continuing project involves the tions: Ms Chanthou Bona carried out aims to find out which combination evaluation and utilisation of new of these factors leads to optimum a survey on the settlement process of technology in traffic surveys. Traffic bulk density. Kampuchean adolescents in NSW, data collection equipment (video while Ms Norma Onley studied the and detector-based systems) and The bulk density of export coal is an cultural and religious experience of information processing and delivery important economic parameter in systems (EDA, CIS, hypertext, expert migrant women. operations such as stacking, reclaim systems and statistical analysis The more-than-20 external projects and loading of ships. Exporters packages) will be applied to advanced carried out by the CMS in 1988/89 obviously neither wish to under- traffic engineering problems, included: supply nor over-supply their customers. The accurate measure­ including traffic-flow theory, network- • research on the economics of ments of large amounts of coal stock performance modelling and decision­ multicultural education for the is thus very important. Investigations making processes. Department of Prime Minister and are now in progress to establish how Cabinet; such measurements are to be made. • the Australian component of a six- nation comparative study on Centre for Multicultural Education and Cultural and Liberation and flotation of Studies Linguistic Pluralism for the OECD, Kuroko-type ores Prof. S Castles, tel. 27 0779 Paris; The economic minerals in Kuroko- • a survey on Female and Ethnic type ore deposits are finely disseminated. Before such deposits ' I 'HE Centre for Multicultural Attitudes to Defence for the can be developed, the liberation -*- Studies (CMS) is Australia's Department of Defence; characteristics and flotation recovery largest and longest-established • a study of economic restructuring of the minerals have to be deter­ specialised research institute in the and ethnic small business in mined. The project aims to charac­ immigration and ethnic affairs field. Sydney, funded by the Department terise the liberation and to investigate It was set up by The University of of Prime Minister and Cabinet and flotation recovery as a function of air WoUongong in 1978. Using a multi- the Australian Research Council; bubble distribution in the flotation disciplinary approach, the CMS • work on a book on the contribu­ process. carries out academic study and trains tion of Italians to Australian research students, as well as under­ society funded by the Fondazione taking commissioned research and Giovanni Agnelli, Turin; Sintering of iron ores policy-development work for a wide The behaviour of sinter in a blast • three studies on problems concern­ range of governmental and non­ furnace is of great industrial ing recognition of overseas quali­ governmental bodies. The CMS importance. If its strength is fications for NSW State and currently has a professorial head, an inadequate the sinter breaks up and Federal Government departments. associate head, two senior research clogs pores in the furnace charge, fellows, one research fellow, one All projects were completed success­ thus preventing gases from flowing permanent research officer, two fully. In several cases the reports were up. If its strength is high, the sinter secretaries, and a large but varying published by the commissioning may be too hard to reduce in the number of research assistants bodies. furnace and this, too, could be a employed for specific projects. The problem, and use too much coke — current annual budget is in the which is costly. This project is region of $1 million, of which about designed to study the fundamental 80 per cent comes from external aspects of the question. sources, mainly as payment for com­ missioned research. In 1988-89, academic pubhcations Droplet generation in combined by CMS staff members included a blowing BOS process book, 11 book chapters and 17 The rates of refining the steel in a journal articles. The book. Mistaken normal BOS vessel are known to be Identity, was the CMS contribution dictated by the reaction of metal

67 droplets with slag. The more metal furnace process is reaching com­ Illawarra art community and the droplets and the smaller they are the pletion. The work on the central- Australian ceramic art scene. better the refining rates. When a hopper, bell-less charging system The research has taken the form of stream of gas is introduced into the supported by Paul Wurth Co., an oral history. Initially a question­ vessel from the bottom also, refining Luxembourg, including the develop­ naire was used to gather data from rates are often improved. Suggested ment of flow pattern theory, has been Englund (now age 73 and still reasons are that more metal droplets completed. actively potting) and many of the are being generated. Is this so? And, artists who were influenced by his if it is, what mechanism and blowing Mathematical modelling of high- teaching. Tape-recorded interviews combination are best? This project frequency smelting of metal oxide- have been made with Englund and aims to answer these questions. brown coal composites his most significant artistic progeny. In the smelting of composites many The data include historical records of operating variables are involved. To the WoUongong Ceramic Society, the Reduction of Indonesian iron ores try all the combinations experimen­ WoUongong City Gallery, and the Charcoal ironmaking in developing tally, to find the optimum conditions, small commercial galleries which countries has significant national and would take a long time and cost too have played a part in the gjrowth economic ramifications. It provides much. With a mathematical model, of the ceramics scene. work for the people in tree planta­ on the other hand, search for optima The final document is to be tions and iron for the local industry. is rapid. A model to do this is being launched as the catalogue for a For efficient ironmaking, knowledge developed. retrospective exhibition of work by of the behaviour of the charcoal and Englund and several of his students the ore in the blast furnace is at the WoUongong City Gallery in important. This project —the com­ May 1990. panion of the charcoal project, History of Illawarra completed in 1987, is now reaching completion. Ceramics Mr L Duncan, tel. 27 0580 Movement Design in Grindability of Indonesian coals T INDSAY Duncan is documenting Theatre Development of Indonesian power- -*—' the history of art ceramics in the generating industry depends largely Illawarra over the past 35 to 40 Ms L Scott-Murphy, tel. 27 0099 on the ability to use indigenous coals. years. This coincides with a similar T ISA Scott-Murphy is carrying out The calorific value of these coals (ex international trend to recognise -*—' research into the role of the Sumatra and Kalimantan) are accept­ ceramics as a significant aspect of movement designer in theatre and able. However, problems of grind- fine art, raising it from its former the related area of the development ability of coals of different moisture categorisation as a mere craft. In of physical language within the content have emerged during recent Sydney, the Powerhouse Museum individual and in ensemble creativity. trials at the Surabaya Power Station is attempting to gather a survey (Java). The aim of this project is to collection of Australian ceramics, The research is directed towards investigate the dependence of and is interested in this WoUongong developing a working model for the grindability on the moisture content project. movement designer in a variety of of the coal. theatrical productions. This has led Before World War II there was a her to investigate the development of hearts and flowers' movement of the individual's range of physical women who attended hobby classes at language and the connection this has Microwave processing of granular technical colleges and spent several to ensemble creative work. The style materials and ctrmposites hours each week making clay pots, of a production is greater than the This project involves study of without taking their hats off, and collection of those involved and this microwave drying and microwave enjoying the social experience. After collected imagery is in the hands of smelting with particular reference to the war there was a change in these the movement designer. understanding the exudation classes, as there grew a new phenomenon in metal oxide-brown movement of clay-workers, for whom As part of the work she is conducting coal composites. Microwave drying of ceramics became a lifelong a series of seminar/workshops for brown coal agglomerates has been dedication. eight directors in Sydney, introducing completed, while the exudation study the concept of movement design and WoUongong Technical College was is still in progress. working through several components fortunate to have Ivan Englund of the work practically. appointed as its Art teacher from 1954 to 1968. Englund was both Blast-furnace studies painter and potter, and emerged as Work is continuing on understanding one of the artists who established the the complex relationship among the Australian Art image both at home operating variables of gas flow, and abroad. From this school grew reduction and burden distribution. a solid tradition of Ceramic Art in Currently, on-line dynamic analysis of WoUongong, the fruits of whch are the various aspects of the blast­ still of benefit to the University, the

68 The Vocal Music of Elliott a wide variety of sources. The third Astronomy and Astrophysics part includes a survey of the arts and Carter Dr W Zealey, tel. 27 0522 relates to architecture and industry Mr A Ford, tel. 27 0304 from 1800 to the present to give a context to his Industrial Visual Astronomy and Astrophysics is afield ANDREW Ford is researching late Survey, concluding with a close focus in which Australia is making signifi­ •^^ vocal music of Elliott Carter, on the works to be included in his cant international contribution, both particularly in connection with the exhibition. in instrumentation development and composer's attitude to the texts the theoretical interpretation of data. In undertaking this thesis he has chosen. This includes analyses of Expertise developed in this field has taken a critical look at 20th century texts (by Elizabeth Bishop, John direct application in many other art criticism, art movements and Ashbery and Robert Lowell) as well areas of both applied and pure (where it is relevant to his thesis) as a detailed examination of Carter's research. post-World War II art education in musical responses. This will form a Britain. thesis towards his PhD to be sub­ mitted late 1990, together with his The purpose of this exhibition and HE Astronomy and Astrophysics own musical compositions. thesis is to enable him better to Tgroup has active observational, understand industry, which shapes theoretical and instrumentation our civilisation, and in turn relate development programs. The four staff industry to landscape. In presenting members and five postgraduate students provide a pool of knowledge Heroic Materialism and the this exhibition (and supporting thesis) he will make a public statement. He which spreads beyond pure research Natural Order wants the two contrasting worlds of and supports three main areas of Mr J Eveleigh, tel. 27 0990 industry and landscape to be seen research. not in isolation but as an indivisible whole. It is the failure to appreciate "PROM June 1988 to June 1989 Stars, jets and shocks and act on this which has brought -*• Mr John Eveleigh has continued Young stars are born in dense, cold our civilisation to the point of his visual survey of aspects of clouds of gas and dust. Astronomers ecological crisis. Australian mining, manufacture, have recently turned infrared and transport and port facilities, includ­ radio telescopes toward these stellar ing BHP, Transfields, Leighton. Sixty- nurseries. And star birth, once five of these works are now framed in Modelling of Methane Gas thought to be an orderly affair, is preparation for his Doctor of Creative Desorption from Coal now seen as one of the more chaotic Art submission, which will take the and turbulent periods in a star's life. form of an exhibition in the Long Dr V U Nguyen, tel. 27 0407 During their first 10,000 years stars Gallery consisting of between 100-110 are deeply embedded in massive disks exhibits. With the title Heroic AIN objectives of the project and produce giant supersonic winds Materialism, two-thirds will relate to M being pursued by Dr Van Uu which blast into the surrounding industry, one-third of NSW Nguyen are to formulate a unified space. A complete study of the landscapes with the title, The theoretical model depicting gas dynamics of these winds and the Natural Order. migration in coal seams under earliest stages of evolution of stars In support of his exhibition he has mining-induced rock stresses, and to requires making detailed infrared produced the first draft of a thesis apply the theory in simulation and observations of the stellar nurseries. design work for mine ventilation which is in three parts. The first is systems and in predicting gas In collaboration with astrophysicists A Continuing Twentieth Century outburst potential. in Europe and the United Kingdom, Landscape Tradition, including a Dr Bill Zealey has mapped 13 such survey of Australian, British and The project is a continuing and long- nursery complexes. From these maps French artists from 1800 to the term research program attracting a and velocity information detailed present with the emphasis on the variety of industry support and models of the outflows have been 20th century. The second part is research grants in the past five years. developed. Of particular interest is a Landscape Anthology drawn from The first objective has been success­ the M78 complex (found in Orion) fully completed and the results have where evidence is found for a been published. The second is being precessing jet system. carried out in anticipation of some Although this research is of the collaborative work from ACIRL. purest sort, the techniques used in At the level of teaching-research both observation and analysis are interaction, some experimental com­ applicable to day-by-day problems in ponents of the project are carrried image analysis. out in the Department by a post­ graduate student, Mr B. Siahaan, in joint supervision with Dr N. Aziz. Variable stars and stellar old age Our sun is currently proceeding through a comparatively stable

69 period. As stars evolve in time, they (i) A study of viral infections in go through increasingly chaotic plant tissues by the Biology periods as they attempt to balance Department. their energy budgets. Observations of (ii) A continuing study of forest such variable stars allow us to canopy images by Dr B. Harper develop detailed models of the struc­ as part of a contract for ALCOA. ture of the star and to understand Assembly of the new high-speed, the precise changes which occur at its CCD-based digitising machine is at core. an advanced stage. This machine will The installation, in July of 1988, of allow mapping of photographic the first fully automatic, 0.4 metre, material up to 14 inches (36 cm) DFM telescope in the southern square, at resolutions of 10-15 hemisphere has enabled the group to microns. As such it will be one of the participate in several international most powerful digitising systems variable stars — monitoring programs. available to Australian astronomers. Mr G. Moore and Mr P. Ihnat have used automated photometry pro­ cedures to obtain data on Delta Scuti Astronomical databases and EZ Cameleopardus. This latter In the past ten years new detector object is one of the most massive technology and the coming of age of stars in the Universe. satellite observatories has opened new Many massive stars end their lives in windows through which astronomers huge supernova explosions. It is may view the Universe. The advent of important to know of these events as satellite astronomy has led to a flood early as possible so that the of data, which the astronomical subsequent changes in the source may community is only now learning to be observed world-wide. For use in fully exploit. such a supernova search, Mr R. Dr W. Zealey, Mr M. Suters and Mr Reinfrank, as part of his Honours P. Randall have successfully thesis, is producing a video library of developed software to allow IBM AT the brighest galaxies in the southern computers to analyse restricted sets of hemisphere. astronomical data held on inter­ national databases. As a result of Image digitising and analysis experience gained in this area, a In 1988 the group installed an image- draft proposal for an Australian data digitising system with the intention of centre, AustrAL [Australian developing software and hardware Astrophysical Library], has been suitable for both scientific and prepared. This was presented to the industrial imaging applications. The Astronomical Society of Australia's PCVISONplus system has been used meeting on the Future of Australian throughout the year in support of Astronomy on June 14 this year. Such astronomically related projects. In a Centre is vital if Australian addition substantial use has been astonomers are to collaborate and made in these areas: compete internationally in the 1990s.

Expert Systems been completed. Further development of the system is being supported by A. Prof. T S Ng, tel. 27 0407 the Australian Electricity Research Board and BHP Steel International Group. "PROGRESS has been made during The main aim of the project is to -*- the year on a research project in generate a set of production rules the area of expert systems/artificial automatically, after an interviewing intelligence. A prototype system session with an expert, by the system called AKAS —an automated for the purpose of construction of an knowledge acquisition system —has Expert System,

70 RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS

FACULTY OF THE ARTS

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

BOOK

Cranny-Francis, A, Feminist Fiction: McGaw, W, 'Interview with Bub Bridger' from New Zealand's Past', Reviews Journal, Feminist Re-visions of Generic Fiction, (NZ Maori poet), SPAN, No. 27, 1988, May 1989. Cambridge, Polity Press, 1989. pp 1-20. Wieland, J, 'Reporters at War', Kunapipi. Sharrad, P, 'How to Read a Text', in 1989. Teaching and Learning, R. Yeo (ed.), Wieland, J, 'Hurt into poetry', Ivor Gurnet, BOOK EDITED Singapore Institute of Education, 8(2), 1988, Meridian 9,i, May 1989. p 36. Cranny-Francis, A, Feminist/Masculine and Representation, with Threadgold, T, Sydney, Stone, M, 'My Brother Tom —My Other Self, Allen and Unwin, 1989. Orana, Journal of School and Children's CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Librarianship, Feb. 1989. PAPERS BOOK CHAPTERS Wieland, J, 'Winter Witness: Will Dyson's Australians at War and other war drawings', Clarke, S, 'Images of the chess game in Jones, D, 'Letter Writing and Journal Kunapipi, 1989. Sumner Locke Elliott's Careful He Might Scribbling' in A Bright and Fiery Troop: Hear You', ASAL, Melbourne, July 1989. Australian Women Writers of the Nineteenth JOURNAL REVIEWS Jones, D, 'Living the Country, A Woman's Century, Debra Adelaide (ed.), Ringwood, Reading', ACSANZ Conference, Canberra, Penguin Books, 1988, pp 15-28. Cranny-Francis, A, 'Don't Shoot Darling!', A June 1988. Jones, D, with Barry Andrews, 'Australian Blonski, B Creed and F. Freiberg (eds), ABC: Books and Writing, Apr 1988. Jones, D, 'This in the Milk', keynote address Humour' in The Penguin Nexn Literary at the Olga Masters Memorial Conference, History of Australia, Laurie Hergenhan Cranny-Francis, A, 'Meaghan Morris. The University of WoUongong, July 1988. (ed.), Ringwood, Penguin Books, 1988, Pirate's Fiancee: Feminism, reading, McGaw, W, 'Rabbits have to find a way to pp 60-76. postmodernism', Australian Book Review, live too!: The Aborigine in Contemporary Sharrad, P, 'Exiles in Eden: the popular No. 109, Apr. 1989, pp 12-14. Australian Literature', Modern Languages colonial romance' in The Writer's Sense of Jayamanne, L, 'Image in the heart'. Association Conference, New Orleans, Exile, Bruce Bennett (ed.), Perth, Centre for Framework, No. 36, 1989, London, Dec. 1988. pp 33-41. Studies in Australian Literature, 1988, p 89. Sharrad, P, 'Echoes and Distortions: the Stone, M, 'Teaching Fantasy and Science Jayamanne, L, 'Do you think I am a woman, ha! do you?', Discourse, No. 11.2. Gita. in C J Koch's Fiction', International Fiction', in Teaching Adolescent Literature, Symposium on the Gita, Hans Raj College, chapter 7, Nelson, Nov. 1988. Spring/Summer 1989. Issue on (Un)naming Cultures, The Center for Twentieth Century New Delhi, Mar. 1988. Sharrad, P, 'Fiction Closure and the Cross- JOURNAL ARTICLES Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA. cultural Encounter: Metaphor and Metonymy in Astley, Stow and Shearston', Cranny-Francis, A, 'Learning to Be Jayamanne, L, 'If upon leaving what we Association for Studies in Australian Loveable: Teenage Girls and Television' with have to say we speak'. Discourse, Literature, Sydney University, Aug. 1988. Patricia Palmer in Feminine/ Masculine and Conversations on Post-Modernism, Russell Representation, Threadgold, T and Cranny- Ferguson (ed.). The New Museum of Sharrad, P, Pastoral, Romance and Post- Francis, A (eds), Sydney, Allen and Unwin, Modern Art, New York City and MIT Press, colonial Consciousness: Spenser and Koch', 1989, USA, AULLA, Macquarie University, Feb. 1989. Cranny-Francis, A, 'De-fanging the vampire: Jones, D, ' "Serious Laughter", On Defining Stone, M, 'Spit MacPhee: Australia's Own S M Charnas, The Vampire Tapestry as Australian Humour', Commonwealth Tom Sawyer' at AULLA, Macquarie subversive horror fiction in American Horror Literature. Vol. 23, No. 1, 1988, pp 76-90. University, Feb. 1989 and to be published as Fiction, B Docherty (ed.), London, McGaw, W, ' "Doin Wildcat". A novel by Proceedings of Children's Literature Group, Macmillan 1989. Mudrooroo Narogin (Colin Johnson)', AULLA 1989. Cranny-Francis, A, 'Man-made Monsters: the Melbourne, Hyland House, 1988, SPAN. Stone, M, 'Intertextuality in novels of Mark dystopian feminist science fiction of Suzy Vol. 27, Oct. 1988, pp 108-111. Twain and James Aldridge School of Learning Studies', Faculty of Education, May McKee Charnas', Science Fiction: Critical Sharrad, P, 'Riemke Ensing, 1989. Essays, R J Ellis and Rhys Garnett (eds), Topographies/Spells from Chagall', Scarp, London, Macmillan, 1989. 12, 1988, p 62. Stone, M, 'Mockers and Scoffers, James Cranny-Franics, A, with Martin, J, 'Learning Aldridge's St Helen Novels', Working Paper Sharrad, P, The Penguin Book of Modem by Chance, Education, Vol. 70, No. 2, No. 24, Australia Studies Centre, Instititue Urdu Poetry, South Asia, 1988. Feb. 1989, pp 16-17. of Commonwealth Studies, University of Sharrad, P, entry on Philippines literature in Cranny-Francis, A, 'Nineteen Eighty-Four in London, Nov. 1987. English in The Oxford Companion to the 1984', 'Raymond Williams and George Stone, M, 'Lilli and Huck: Life on the English Language. Sharrad, P, edited issue Murray' at ALLALS, University of Kent, Orwell', Southern Review, 1989. on Pacific writing, CRNLE Reviews Journal. UK, Aug. 1989. Cranny-Francis, A, 'The Education of June 1989. Desire: Late Nineteenth-Century Utopian Sharrad, P, edited issue on post-canonical Stone, M, 'Australia in the Thirties: Growing Fiction and its Influence on Twentieth- approaches to literature. New Literatures up in a Country Town. James Aldridge's St Century Feminist Fantasy', in Nineteenth Helen Novels', Poetics Today, Porter Institute Review. 17, June 1989. Century Fantasists, K. Filmer (ed.), London, for Poetics and Semiotics, Tel-Aviv University. Macmillan. Wieland, J, 'Firing the canon'. Poetry of the Commission. Great War An Anthology, Meridian 6,i, Cranny-Francis, A, 'Myths of Gender and May 1987, pp 88-90, 1988. their Deconstruction', Myth and Ideology, EDITED JOURNAL Wieland, J, 'Look back harder', Alen Geelong, Deakin University Press, 1989. Curnow's Critical Writings 1935-1984, SPAN, Sharrad, P, New Literatures Review, Nos Cranny-Francis, A, 'Future Feminist Science 15, 16, 1988. 26 (1988), pp 109-12. Fiction Film: a Generic Study' in Critical Theory and Science Fiction Cinema, Wieland J, 'The Writer's Sense of the Past. Annette Kuhn (ed.), 1990. Essays on S.E. Asian and Australian Lear, A, 'Interview with Gwen Harwood', Literature', Westerly 33,i, 1988, pp 91-94. SPAN. No. 26, Apr. 1988, pp 1-11. Wieland, J, 'Speaking for Ourselves: Echoes

71 POETRY Rando, G, 'The Migration Theme in Italian enhanced memory', The proceedings of the Literature', Migration Monitor 39, 1988, XXIIVth International Congress of Sharrad, P, 'What Bird is That?' Southern pp 13-16. Psychology. Vol. 3, Amsterdam, Eslevier Review. 21 (1), 1988, Rando, G, 'II multiculturalismo e la Lovegrove, W, 'Specific reading disabilities: Sharrad, P, 'Wet Season', K, Singh (ed.), narrativa italo-australian', // Veltro, XXXII, the visual deficit hypothesis'. To appear in Macmillan Schools Anthology. Singapore, Nos. 1-2, 1988, pp 83-90. Current Perspectives in learning disabilities: 1988. Nature, theory and treatment, N Singh and I Beale (eds), 1989. Viney, L L, 'A constructivist model of CONFERENCE/SEMINAR psychological reactions to illness and injury'. PAPERS Advances in personal construct psychology, G J and R A Neimeyer (eds), New York, Cincotta, V J, 'L'insegnamento dell'italiano J.A.I. Press. in Australia', Convegno di Studi Storici DEPARTMENT OF Italia-Australia 1788-1988, Istituto per la LANGUAGES Storia del Risorgimento Italiano, Universita JOURNAL ARTICLES degli Studi di Perugia, May 1988. BOOKS Cincotta, V J, 'Dante in Spain: Carlos Huon, G F and Wootton, M, 'Towards the prevention of eating disorders. Some Cincotta, V J, L'ltatia Letteraria: storia e Fernandez-Shaw's "La Tragedia del Beso" ', 11th Lectura Dantis, Dec. 1988, WoUongong preliminary findings from an empirical testi— an introduction to Italian Literature investigation'. Psychotherapy and from its beginnings to the present. University Chapter, Dante Alighieri Society, lanziti, G, 'The Italian Literary Tradition Psychosomatics, 48. 1988, pp 181-189. of WoUongong, Department of Languages, Huon, G F and Brown, L B, 'Assessing 1989, pp 258. Revisited'. Understanding Italy—Language, Culture, Commerce— an Australian bulimics dissatisfaction with their body', Hull, G, Polyglot Italy. Languages, Dialects, Perspective. Sydney Italian Cultural Institute, British Journal of Clinical Psychology. Peoples, Melbourne, CIS Educational, 1989, Kinoshita, S, 'Generation effects enhances pp84. Nov. 1988. McCarthy, B N, 'Stress Patterns in Foreign semantic processing? The role of lanziti, G, Humanist Historiography under distinctiveness in the generation effect', the Sforzas: politics and propaganda in Language Learning', presented at 13th Congress of the Applied Linguistics Memory and Cognition. fifteenth-century Milan. Oxford University Association of Australia, Launceston, Aug. Kinoshita, S, 'Masked and unmasked Press, 1988, pp 241. 1988. repetition priming effects: Activation of McCarthy, B N. y4u dela des mots, representation or procedure?'. Implicit Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp 100. Memory: Theoretical Issues. S Lewandowski, McCarthy, B N and lanziti, J R, C'est moi J C Dunn and K Kirsner (eds), Hillsdale, qui park. University of WoUongong, 1988, NJ: Erlbaum. pp. 170. Kinoshita, S, 'Reinterpreting a reanalysis: A BOOKS EDITED Comment on McCann and Sheehan', British DEPARTMENT OF Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cincotta, V J (ed.), Quademo Quadriennale Hypnosis. 1985-1988. No. 3, WoUongong, Societa PHILOSOPHY Kirk, A E, Stanley, G V and Brown, Dante Alighieri, Comitato di WoUongong, D F, 'Changes in patients' stress and arousal 1989, pp 57. BOOK CHAPTER levels associated with therapists' perception McCarthy B N (ed.), Asian-Pacific Papers: Chipman, L, 'Comments on Shirley Robin of their requests during crisis intervention', AILA 1987 Sydney, Occasional Paper No. Letwin and Alan Ryan' in Hakkonssen, K British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27. 10, Applied Linguistics Association of (ed.). Traditions of Liberalism — £5.503)5 on 1988, pp 363-369. Australia, 1989, pp 214. John Locke, Adam Smith and John Stuart Krass, J, Kinoshita, S and McConkey, Moloney, B, Italian Studies, Vol. XLIII, Mill, Sydney, Centre for Independent K M, 'Hypnotic memory and confident Leeds, Maney, for the Society for Italian Studies, 1989, pp 59-62. reporting'. Applied Cognitive Psyschology, 3, Studies, 1988, pp 192. 1989, pp 35-52. Rando, G. Italo-Australian Prose in the 80s. JOURNAL ARTICLE Lovegrove, W, McNicol, D, Martin, F and WoUongong, Department of Languages, Uniacke, S M, 'Killing Under Duress', Mackenzie, B, 'The role of vision, 1988, pp 262. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 6 (1), 1989, phonological recoding and short-term pp 53-69. memory in specific reading ability'. BOOK CHAPTERS Proceedings of the 24th International Cincotta, V J (English translation), Psychology Congress, Sydney, 1989. 'Pirandello e il teatro siciliano —saggio Lovegrove, W, 'Reading Disability: The introduttivo' Enzo and Sarah Zappulla visual Deficit Hypothesis'. To appear in N Pirandello e il teatro siciliano. Cantania, Singh and I Beale (eds), Current Istituto di Storia dello Spettacolo Siciliano, perspectives in learning disabilities: nature, Maimone Editore (2nd edn), 1988, pp 25-27 theory and treatment. New York, 233-238. DEPARTMENT OF Springer-Verlag. Cincotta, V J, 'L'insegnamento dell'italiano PSYCHOLOGY Martin, F and Lovegrove, W, 'Uniform-field in Australia'. Atti del Convegno di Studi masking in control and specifically-disabled Storici Italia-australia 1788-1988. Romano BOOKS readers'. Perception, 17, 1988, pp 203-214. May, J G, Mardn, F, MacCann, F and Ugolini (ed.), Rome, Istituto per la Storia Huon, G F and Brown, L B, Fighting with Lovegrove, W, 'The effects of spatial del Risorgimento Italiano, 1988, Food: Overcoming Bulimia Nervosa, Sydney, Cincotta, V J, 'Dante in Spain: Carlos University of New South Wales Press, 1988. frequency and temporal waveform on three Fernandez-Shaw's "La Tragedia del Beso" ', Wragg, J, Talk sense to yourself: the measures of temporal processing'. Journal of Quademo Quadriennale 1985-1988, V J development of self-control and self-manage­ General Psychology, 115, 1988, pp 292-306. Cincotta (ed.), WoUongong, Societa Dante ment in educational settings, Australian McConkey, K M and Kinoshita, S, The Alighieri Comitato di WoUongong, No. 3, Council Educational Research, Melbourne, influence of hypnosis on memory after one 1989, pp 50-57. 1989. day and one week'. Journal of Abnormal Pscyhology, 97, 1988, pp 48-53. JOURNAL ARTICLES BOOK CHAPTERS Mackenzie, B, Bingham, E, Gumming, S, Hull, G, 'Parallels and Convergences in Doyle, D, Turner, C, Molloy, E, Martin, F, Huon, G F, Bulimia. 'Therapy at a distance'. Celtic and Romance Philology: Part Two', Alexander, J and Lovegrove, W, 'Inspection Eating Disorders, Prevalence and Treatment. Australian Celtic Journal, Sydney, Celtic time is related to intelligence in some S W Touyz and P J V Beumont (eds), Council of Australia, 1989, pp 21-30. subjects but not ah'. Proceedings of the 24th Sydney, Adis Health Science Press, 1985, pp International Psychology Congress, Sydney Hull, G, 'The Origin of the name 62-73. "Chircop" '.Journal of Maltese Studies. Mapperson, B and Lovegrove, W J, Maha, 1989/90. Huon, G F, Towards the prevention of 'Stimulus variables affecting induced eating disorders'. Eating Disorders in rotation', Bulletin of the Psychonomic McCanhy, B N, 'Pitch Features of Classroom Adolescents and Young Adults. D Hardoff Society. French Intonation', Australian Re-view of and E. Chigier (eds), London, Freund Applied Linguistics, Vol. 11/1, 1988. Publishing House, 1988, pp 447-455. Mapperson, B and Lovegrove, W J, Color- McCarthy. B .\, 'Le modele intonatif de Huon, G F and Brown, L B, Lay and contingent after effects on relative dominance', Bulletin of the Psychonomic Delattre reactualise'. Bulletin de IVniversite professional beliefs about anorexia nervosa Society. de Besancon, Linguistique Appliquee et and bulimia nervosa: a contrast', Eating Generate. 1989. Disorders and Disordered Eating. S Westbrook, M T and Viney, L L, Sex and •Moloney, B, James Joyce, Charles Dickens, Abraham and D Llewellyn-Jones (eds), age differences in reaction to illness'. e i racconti maranesi di Italo Svevo'. Modem Sydney, Williams and Wilkins, 1988, pp Advances in Behavioural Medicine, 5. 1988, Language Notes. Vol. 104. .\o. 1. 99-105. pp 263-274. pp 135-150. Kinoshita, S, Response bias in hypnotically

72 Viney, L L and Benjamin, Y N and Preston, commissioned by and submitted to Social C, 'Promoting independence in the elderly: DEPARTMENT OF Studies of Science. The role of psychological, social and Russell, S and Liff, S, Technology Monitor 4 physical constraints'. Clinical Gerontologist, SCIENCE AND (Aston University, 1988). 8, 1988, pp 3-17. TECHNOLOGY STUDIES Scott, P, 'The Social Shaping of a Viney, L L, Benjamin Y N and Preston, C, BOOK AND MONOGRAPH Laboratory: The Establishment of the 'Constructivist family therapy with the AustraUan Animal Health Laboratory', elderly'. Journal of Family Psychology, 2, Aungles, S and Parker, S R, Work, Prometheus, Vol. 6, No. 2, Dec. 1988. pp 1988, pp 241-258. Organisations and Change: Themes and 249-262. Viney, L L, Benjamin, Y N and Preston, C, Perspectives in Australia, Allen and Unwin, Scott, P, 'Culling Technological White 'Personal construct therapy for the elderly', Australia, 1989. Elephants', Science and Public Policy International Journal of Cognitive Therapy. Richards, E, Vitamin C and Cancer: (forthcoming). Medicine and Politics, monograph, the Viney, L L, Benjamin, Y N and Preston, C, Scott, P 'AAHL; A Regional Role?', Macmillan Press, 1990. 'Mourning and reminiscence: Parallel Australian Veterinary Journal (forth­ psychotherapeutic processes for the elderly', coming). International Journal of Ageing and Human Development. BOOK CHAPTERS Stokes, T and Hartley, J, 'Co-authorship, social structure and influence within Viney, L L, 'Which data collection methods Falk, J, 'Australia and the Military Industrial specialties'. Social studies oJ science, 19(1), are appropriate for a constructivist 1989. psychology?'. International Journal of Complex', in T Jagtenburg and P D'Alton, Personal Construct Psychology, 1, 1988, eds, Four Dimensional Space: A Sourcebook CONFERENCE AND SEMINAR pp 75-85. for Australian Sociology, George Allen and Unwin, 1988. Walker, B M, Ramsey, F L and Bell, PAPERS R C, 'Dispersed and undispersed Falk, J, 'A Scientific Perspective', in K Falk, J, Beyond Color Coded Polities', in P dependency'. International Journal oj Throssell, The Pursuit of Happiness, Hyland Tighe, ed.. Proceedings oJthe Ecopolitics Personal Construct Psychology, 1 (1), 1988, House, 1988, pp 114-118. Conference, School of Australian pp 63-80. Falk, J, 'A Theoretical Basis for Peace Environmental Studies, Griffith University, Walker, B M, 'Dependency at the heart of Studies' in R Walker, ed.. The Pacific; Aug. 1987. Kelly's theory'. Constructs, 6 (4), 1988, p 4. Peace, Security and the Nuclear Issue, Falk, J, 'The Discursive Shaping of Nuclear United Nations University Studies in Militarism', invited paper presented to the Regional Peace and Security, Vol. 5, Zed Second Institute on Global Conflict and Co­ Press, UK, 1988. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS operation Conference on Discourse: Peace, Johnston, R, 'Social Responsibility in Badcock, D, Lovegrove, W and Whitworth, Security and International Society, Science: The Social Mirror of Science', in F The inhibitory and Jacilitatory effects oJ Ballyvaughan, Ireland, Aug. 1988. R MacLeod, ed., The Commonwealth of uniform-field flicker. Paper presented at the Falk, J, 'Uranium, nuclear power, and the Science, Oxford University Press, Australia, Conference of the Association for Research Greenhouse Effect', Closing Address, PND 1988, pp 308-325. in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, Conference, October 1988, Uranium, nuclear Florida, 1989. Martin, B, 'Education and the environ­ power, and the Greenhouse Effect; Closing mental movement', in Tom Lovett, ed.. Conlon, E, Pattison, P and Lovegrove, W, Address. Radical Approaches to Adult Education: A The effect of wavelength on visual Falk, J, 'Deterrence Coercion and the South Reader, London, Routledge, 1988, pp discomfort. Paper presented to the Jamberoo Pacific, Invited seminar. Centre for Peace 202-223. Satellite Conference on Perception as part of and Conflict Studies, Sydney University, Sep. the 1988 International Congress of Schuster, J A, 'The Scientific Revolution', in 1988. Psychology. G Cantor, et al., eds. The Companion to the Falk, J, 'The Discursive shaping of History of Science, London, Groom Helm, May, J, Lovegrove, W, Martin, F and Technological change; The case of nuclear 1989. Nelson, P, Pattern-elicted visual evoked war'. Science and Technology Studies Dept, potentials in good and poor readers. Paper Schuster, J A and Watchirs, G, 'Experiment, University of WoUongong. presented to the 1988 International Congress Discourse and 18th Century National Falk, J, 'The Theoretical Underpinnings of of Pscyhology, Sydney. Philosophy: Beyond the Kuhn/Bachelard Peace Research', Centre for Peace and Lovegrove, W, Lehmkuhle, S, Baro, J and Problematic', commissioned for H E Conflict Studies, Sydney University, Seminar, Garzia, R, The effect of uniform field LeGrand, ed.. Experiment: Historical June 1988. flicker and blurring on the global Studies, Dordrecht, Reidel, 1990. Stokes, T, 'Curiosity driven research', in Ruth Johnston, R, 'Strategic International precedence effect. Paper presented to the Alliances', Technology Financing, Sydney, Dirks, ed.. Disease and society. Australian Jamberoo Satellite Conference on Perception June 1988. as part of the 1988 International Congress of Academy of Science, 1988, 5.4-5.5. Johnston, R, 'New Insights in Innovation Psychology. Stokes, T, 'Of rats and cattle prods', in T R Kuchel, ed.. Animal experimentation ethics Policy and Practice', DITAC Senior Lovegrove, W, McNicol, D, Martin, F and committees—philosophy and function. Management Seminar, June 1988. Mackenzie, B, The role of vision, Adelaide, Australian Society for Laboratory Schuster, J A, 'The Rhetorical Functions of phonological recoding and short-term Animal Science, 1988. Cartesian Method: Reclaiming Descartes for memory in specific reading ability. Paper the History of Science', Proceedings of the presented to the 1988 International Congress Conference on 'Metaphysics and the of Pscyhology, Sydney. JOURNAL ARTICLES Classification of the Sciences in 1637—The Mackenzie, B, Bingham, E, Gumming, S, Badham, R, 'Job Design for CAD', 350th Anniversary of the Publication of Doyle, D, Turner, C, Molloy, E, Martin, F, Requested by IEEE from TASC for pub­ Descartes' Discours de la Methode, University Alexander, J and Lovegrove, W, Inspection lication in IEEE Transactions, early 1989. of Calfomia, San Jose, April 1988. time is related to intelligence in some Badham, R and Matthews, J, 'The New subjects but not all. Paper presented to the Production Systems Debate', Labour and 1988 International Congress of Psychology, Industry, 1989, in press. Sydney. Martin, B, 'Queensland versus Greenpeace: Smith, P, Psychology and Industry—An the Vega affair', Gijutsu to Ningen Australian Perspective. Paper presented to (Technology and Humanity). June 1988, pp the Department of Psychology, University of 71-79 (in Japanese). Edinburgh, Jan. 1989; and to the Department of Business Organization, Martin, B, 'The limitations of bilateral Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Jan. peace treaties', Social Alternatives, Vol. 7, 1989. No. 2, June 1988, pp 37-41. Walker, B M. A personal construct approach Martin, B, 'Mathematics and social interests'. to the exploration of social support. Social Search, Vol. 19, No. 4, July/Aug. 1988, pp Psychology Conference, Leura. NSW, Aug. 209-214. 1988. Martin, B, 'Lessons in nonviolence from the Walker, B M, Construing George Kelly's Fiji coups', Gandhi Marg, Vol. 10, No. 6, construing of the person-in-relation. Fourth September 1988, pp 326-339. Australasian Personal Construct Conference, Martin, B and Richards, E, 'Introducing WoUongong, Sept, 1988. Women in Science', Philosophy and Social Walker, B M, Viney, L L, Crooks, L and Action, 14. (2), 1988, pp 3-6. Henry, R, Support perceived from others Richards, E, 'The Politics of Therapeutic and self by those who are affected and Evaluation: Vitamin C and Cancer', Social unaffected by AIDS, Social Psychology Studies of Science, 18, 1988, pp 653-701. Conference, Leura, Aug. 1988. Richards, E and Schuster, J S, 'The Feminine Method as Myth and Accounting Resource: A Challenge to Gender Studies and the Social Studies of Science',

73 Aungles, Ann, 'Home Imprisonment: What SCHOOL OF CREATIVE DEPARTMENT OF Questions Should Be Asked?', SAANZ SOCIOLOGY Conference, Canberra, Dec. 1988, pp 18. ARTS Aungles, Ann, 'Truth in Sentencing: Truth BOOKS or Half-Truth', Truth in Sentencing Seminar, BOOKS Institute of Criminology, Sydney University Hill, Stephen and Buckman, Elaine, McGrath, Ian F, A Process for Lighting the Law School, Feb. 1989, pp 2. Technology Policies and Planning, Australia, Stage. New York, USA, AUyn and Bacon, pp Bangalore, India: Asian and Pacific Centre Aungles, Ann, The Home and the Prison: 330, June 1989. for Transfer of Technology (APCTT/ Four Modes of Incorporation —Co­ Pretty, R K, The Habit of Balance. ESCAP), Country Studies Series, 1988, educational Prisons as the third mode', WoUongong, Five Islands Press, pp 64, June pp 345. Sociology Postgraduate Seminar University 1988. Hill, Stephen, The Tragedy of Technology- of WoUongong, Apr 1989, pp 15. Human Liberation vs. Domination in the Hill, Stephen, 'Human Resource BOOK EDITED Development for Technological Change', Late 20th Century. London, Pluto Press; Dixon, J W, Your Partners, Please; score and Winchester, MA, Urwin Hyman (hardback), Invited speech. Commonwealth Secre­ parts of John Antill's music for performance published simultaneously in paperback tariat/Government of Malaysia Symposium, in 1990. through Pluto AustraUa, Dec. 1988, pp 294, 'Managing Technological Change; Policies and Strategies', Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, BOOK EDITED May 1989. JOURNAL ARTICLES Ford, A, 'Real Australian Operas', New Jagtenberg, Tom and D'Alton, PhiUip, (eds). HiU, Stephen, 'Pacific Development Themes Theatre, Australia, Jan. 1989. Four Dimensional Social Space—Class, as the Future Direction of the Pacific Gender, Ethnicity and Nature. A Reader in Science Association', Invited speech. Pacific Rowley, S, 'Sliprails and Spur; Courting Australian Social Sciences, Sydney, Harper Science Association (PSA) Meeting of Bush Sweethearts in Australian Nationalist and Row, 1989, pp 456. Scientific Committee Chairmen, Macau, Mythology', SPAN, No. 26, Apr 1988, pp Mar 1989. 15-32. BOOK CHAPTERS Hill, Stephen, 'Technology and Develop­ Rowley, S, 'A Sense of Place', project show by ment; Policy Issues'; and 'Guidelines for the Liz Jeneid, SCARP May 1989, pp 13-17. D'Alton. Phillip, 'The Role of Women in the Analysis of Technology Case Studies', Invited Rowley, S, 'Rainforest', Catalogue for essay Australian Armed Forces' in Jagtenberg, T speeches, UNESCO/AIDAB/Canadian and D'Alton, P, (eds.), Four Dimensional for Rainforest, an exhibition of works by Foundation for International Training, Social Space—Class, Gender, Ethnicity and Bert Flugelman, WoUongong City Gallery, UNESCO 'South Pacific Technology and Nature. A Reader in Australian Social WoUongong, June 1988, pp 2. Development Workshop', Nuku'Alofa, Tonga, Sciences. Sydney, Harper and Row, 1989, pp Nov. 1988. Schultz, A, 'Forget the Philistines—What 294-298. about the Critics?' Sounds Australian, No. Hill, Stephen, 'Technological Change— Into 20, Summer 1988. Hill, Stephen, 'The Social and Cultural the 21st Century: Creating a Social Power of Technology' in Jagtenberg, T and Architecture for Capitalising on Tech­ Schultz, A, David Lumsdaine—Aria of D'Alton, P, (ed.). Four Dimensional Social nological Change', Invited address, NSW Edward John Eyre' (analytical notes, Space—Class, Gender, Ethnicity and Nature. Premier's Office, 'Executive Outlook', Senior Seymour Group), Sydney, 1988. A Reader in Australian Social Sciences, Executive Residential Program, Bowral, Oct. Tan, L, Bowe Oldroyd Kim; 'Patterns of Sydney Harper and Row, 1989, pp 48-54. 1988. Perception Retrospective 1983-1988', Craft Hill, Stephen, 'Work and Technological HiU, Stephen, 'Technology and the Future', Arts International, Sydney, No. 15, Apr Change in Australia' in J Western and J 1889, pp 38-43. Najman (eds.), A Sociology of Australian Invited keynote speech, Dalgetty Australian Tan, L. Drury, NeviU (ed.), 'New Art Two: Society, Melbourne, Macmillan, 1988, pp Operations Ltd, General Managers' Meeting, Sydney, Sep. 1988. New Directions in Contemporary Australian 239-292. Hill, Stephen, 'Sailing into the Future on the Art', Profile, Craftsman's Press, Sydney, 1988, Jagtenberg, T, 'The Myth of Progress' in Four Cs; Computers, Careers, pp 194-197. Jagtenberg, T and D'Alton, P (eds). Four Communication and CONTROL', Invited Tan, L, Janaczewska, Noelle (Curator), Dimensional Social Space—Class, Gender, keynote speech, NSW Department of Common Ground; Contemporary Australian Ethnicity and Nature. A Reader in Education/Australian Computing Society Sculptural Works in Clay and Mixed Media, Australian Social Sciences. Sydney, Harper Profile, Sydney, May 1988, p 40. and Row, 1989, pp 441-448. Schools Congress, 'Information Technology—Towards 2000', Darling Tan, L. Flatoff, Natalie, 'Impact, Follow JOURNAL ARTICLES Harbour, Sydney, Sep. 1988. Me', Profile, Sep./Nov., 1988. Hill, Stephen, 'The Social Empowerment of Tan, L, Oldroyd, Kim, Sculptural Albury, Rebecca, 'Abortion: but I thought Scientific and Technological Literacy', Comment, Pottery in Australia. Vol. 27, No. that was settled years ago'. Refractory Girl. Invited address. Commission for the Future 2, 1988. 31-32, May 1989, pp 12-16. and NSW Science and Technology Council Hill, Stephen, 'From Dark to Light: Seeing Conference, 'Improving Scientific and CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Development Strategies Through the Eyes of Technological Literacy in Schools and Their S&T Indicators', selected by the editor, Communities', Sydney, July 1988. PAPERS translated into Chinese and published in Hill, Stephen, 'Taking the "Con" Out of Duncan, L, 'The Human Figure in Ceramic Library of Academia Sinica, Beijing, No. 4, Control —Social Implications of Technology Art', Warrambui Convention Centre, SCA 1988, pp 17-22. and Communications'. Invited lecture. Postgraduate Seminar, June 1989, pp 5. Hill, Stephen, 'Technology and Organisation Catholic Education Department; In-Service Rowley, S, 'The Representation of Working Culture: The Human Imperative in Seminar for Computer Coordinators, Women in Nationalist Bush Myths', Integrating New Technology into Organisa­ Sydney, July 1988. Australian-Canadian Labour History tion Design', Technology In Society, 10 (2), Short, Stephanie and Sharman, Evelyn, Conference, Sydney, Dec. 1988, pp 24. 1988, pp 233-253. 'Behavioural Sciences in Tertiary Nursing Rowley, S, 'Think of the Work': Artist as Short, Stephanie et al.. The Effects of Shift Education—The New South Wales subject and process in artwork. Australian Work on Nurses: Implications for Australian Experience'. Paper presented at the Feminist Biography and Autobiography Hospitals', .4ustralian Health Review. Vol. 11, 'International Health Sciences Education Conference, Adelaide, Feb. 1989, pp 13. No. 4, 1989, pp 277-283. Conference', Cumberland College of Health Schultz, A, 'Writing for Performance by Short, Stephanie, 'Community Participation Sciences, July 1988, pp 13. Children', Australian National Composers or Manipulation? A Case Study of the Illa­ Lear L, Short, S D and Woodward, J, Conference, Sydney, Sep. 1988. warra Cancer Appeal-a-thon', Community 'Crime in the 1980's—Women as Victims of Schultz, A, 'Groans, plaintive expostulations Health Studies. Vol. XIII, No. 1, pp 34-38. Domestic Violence', in Australian Federation of University Women, New South Wales and gurgles oi yiy'—onomatopoeia and Bicentennial Seminar Papers, 'Female clawing in Sequenza V by Luciano Berio. CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Crime—Then and Now', University of Symposium of the International Musicology PAPERS Sydney, Aug. 1988, pp 39-42. Society, Melbourne, Aug. 1988. Short, Stephanie, 'Nursing and Nurturing: A Schultz, A, 'Approaches to Austrahan Music'. Albury. Rebecca, 'Your Choice: Popular Gender Perspective', Annual Conference of Launch of Australian Music Education Advice about Contraception', SAANZ the Sociological Association of Australia and Resource Kit, Australian Music Centre, Conference, Canberra, Dec. 1988. New Zealand, The Australian National Sydney, June 1988. Albury. Rebecca, 'Spontaneity and University, Dec. 1988, pp 11. Rationality: Some Sexual PoUtics of Fertility Shepherd, P L, 'The Tempest — Classics Reclaimed'. University of WoUongong, School Vasta, Elhe, Gender Class and Ethnic Control', Beyond Social Control: Strategies of Creative Arts Postgraduate Conference, for Change Conference, Sydney. June 1989. Relations; The Domestic and Work Warrambui Convention Centre, NSW, June Aungles. Ann, 'Families of Prisoners: The Experiences of Italian Migrant Women in 1989, pp 8. Hidden \'ictims of Crime', Punishment Australia'. Paper presented at the 'Italians in Outside Gaol Seminar, Institute of Austraha: 200 Years' International Criminology, Sydney University Law School, Conference, University of WoUongong, Aug. June 1988, pp 3. 1988, pp 24.

74 Shepherd, P L, 'The Body in Art'. Schultz, A, Oriensis, University Singers, Flugelman, B, Group exhibition, Figtree (Introduction to papers by L Scott-Murphy, Wesley Uniting Church, WoUongong, Aug. exhibition. University of WoUongong, Sep. A Hull, L J Duncan), University of 1988. 1988. WoUongong, School of Creative Arts Schultz, A, Barren Grounds, Perihelion Flugelman, B, Solo exhibition, drawings, Postgraduate Conference, Warrambui prints and sculpture, Irving Sculpture Conference Centre, NSW, June 1989, pp 3. Ensemble, Rockhampton, Queensland, Oct. 1988. Perihelion Ensemble, University of Gallery, Sydney, Dec. 1988. Queensland, Brisbane, ABC recording, Oct. Flugelman, B, Solo exhibition, prints, AWARDS 1988. Perihelion, Museum of Contemporary dravrings and sculpture, Bonython/ Arts, Brisbane, May 1989. Meadmore Gallery, Adelaide, June 1989. Ford, A, 'Sounds Australian', award for most Schultz, A, Sea-Change, Perihelion, Hook, R, Solo exhibition. Access Gallery, distinguished contribution to Australian University of Queensland, Brisbane, ABC Sydney, June 1988. music by a writer/broadcaster in 1988. recording, Apr 1989. Hook, R, Solo exhibition. Editions, South Schultz, A. Babel Canons, Alea, University Bank, Melbourne, May 1989. COMPOSITIONS/PERFORM­ of Western Australia, Perth, May 1989. Jeneid, L, 'A Sense of Place', Solo Project Vance, D V, Musical Director, The Piper's Show, WoUongong City Gallery, WoUongong, ANCE/RECORDINGS OF NEW Promise, WoUongong, Sep./Oct. 1988. WORKS Mar 1989. COMMISSIONS Jeneid, L, Australian Fibre Forum 89, Dixon, J W, Lamentations, Op. 20 for string University of WoUongong, Jan. 1989. orchestra (scheduled for first performance, Ford, A, Composition and Australian Jeneid, L, 'Cloth and Beyond', University of Sep. 1989). Classical Music —two resource kits for WoUongong, June 1988, and Goulbum secondary schools, Australian Music Centre, Dixon, J W, Colonial Symphony, Op. 19 Regional Gallery, July 1988. Sydney. premiered by the CWSO, with University Rowley, S, Solo Project Show, WoUongong Singers and vocal soloists, WoUongong, Sep. Flugelman, B, Environmental Sculpture with City Gallery, Nov. 1988-Jan. 1989. 1988. (Tony Pryor and Peter Blizzard) for City of Rowley, S, "But I Like a Happy Ending', Townsville as a bicentennial event July 1988. Dixon, J W, ..4 Foursome oJ Twosomes, Op. 6 Quilt Australia. 1988, Sydney June 1988, for wind instruments performed at the Flugelman, B, Lawrence Hargrave reproduced in Quitters' Guild, Quilt Okanagan Summer Festival, British Memorial, Sculpture, WoUongong University, Australia. Bay Books, Sydney, 1988, and Columbia, Canada, Aug. 1988. installed June 1989. reproduced and reviewed in Sheridan Carter, Dixon, J W, Three Songs to words by Emily Flugelman, B, Three sculptures (transition Quilt Australia '88. Crafts Arts International, Issue 14, Dec./Feb. 1989, pp Dickinson, Op. 16 performed at various series), Como Hotel, Melbourne, Oct. 1988. 58-68. venues in Sydney, 1988-89. Schultz, A, Black River, new opera with Rowley, S, 'Maid in Distress/Made in this Ford, A, Spinning. Solo alto flute, Aspen libretto by Julianne Schultz, to be performed Dress', Cloth and Beyond, University of Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado, June 1988. in Nov. 1989 by Opera Ensemble/Seymour Group, Parade Theatre, Kensington. WoUongong, June 1988, and Goulbum Ford, A, Parabola. Music-theatre piece, Regional Gallery, July 1988. Australian Music Centre, Feb. 1989. Schultz, A, Fast Talking: The Last Words of Dutch Schultz, music theatre work Shepherd, P L, 'Masks and Memories', Ford, A, The Art of Puffing: 17 elegies for commissioned with funding assistance from National 9 x 5 x Mail Exhibition, Centre Thomas Chatterton — ior bass clarinet and Performing Arts Board of the Australia Gallery, Gold Coast, Qld, Aug, 1988. percussion, Australian Music Centre, Mar Council. Murwillumbah Regional Gallery, NSW, Feb. 1989. 1989. Newcastle Regional Gallery, NSW, Ford, A, Tuba Mirum for two bass Schultz, A, Barren Grounds, instrumental Apr 1989. Albury Regional Gallery, NSW, trombones, Australian Music Centre, composition commissioned with funding June 1989. Apr/May 1989. assistance from Performing Arts Board of the Australia Council. Shepherd, P L, 'Artists, Industry and Ford, A. Chamber Concerto No. 3; like Landscape, included in Illawarra Artists Icarus Ascending; Spinning; Aspen Music DISCOGRAPHY Bicentennial Exhibition, WoUongong City Festival, Aspen, Colorado, June 1988. Gallery, NSW, Sep.-Nov 1988. Schultz, A, Garotte. Queensland Symphony Ford, A, Chamber Concerto No. 3. Rollins Tan, L, 'Objects and Pictures of a Orchestra (Robert Boughen, conductor). College, Orlando, Florida; Albany, New Conscience', Solo exhibition, Sydney, July Tropic of Capricorn [compact disc, cassette York, Oct. 1988. Buffalo, New York, June 1988. Canberra, Aug. 1988. tape]. Sydney, OZM 1002, 1988. 1988. New York City, Sep. 1988. Tan, L, 'The 1988 Blake Prize Travelling Ford, A, Boatsong, MIT Boston, Mass., NEWSPAPER ARTICLES/ Exhibition', Touring Australia, Nov. 1988. Aug. 1988. Dutch and Australian tours, Tan, L, Painters' Visions/'New Art Two' 1988. REVIEWS Launch, Macquarie Gallery, Sydney, Aug. Ford, A, The Piper's Promise, WoUongong, Duncan, L, 'Review', Pottery in Australia. 1988. Sep./Oct. 1988. Vol. 2, Autumn 1988. Tan, L, '9 x 5' Commemorative, Centre Ford, A, The World Knot, Sydney Grammar Ford, A, 'Opera makes the most of Gallery, Surfers Paradise, Aug. 1988. School, Oct. 1988. Minimalism', Sydney Morning Herald, Dec. Tan, L, '1988 National Ceramics Awards', Schultz, A, L'Oiseau Fantastique, Seymour 1988. Canberra School of Art, Canberra, June Group, Boardwalk Theatre, Sydney Opera Ford, A, 'What happened to the Avant 1988. House, recorded ABC, June 1988. Garde?', Sydney Morning Herald. Jan. 1989. Tan, L, 'Illawarra Artist/Bicentennial', Schultz, A, Stick Dance, Williams, Dickson, Ford, A, 'Time Screen to the next Musical WoUongong City Gallery, Sep. 1988. Harper, Queensland Conservatorium, Dimension', Sydney Morning Herald, Apr Brisbane, June 1988. WiUiams, Dickson, 1989. PERFORMANCES International Clarinet Congress, Denver, Ford, A, 'The Relentless Quest for Harper R, Actor A Funny Thing Happened USA, July 1988. Alea New Music Ensemble, Authenticity', Sydney Morning Herald. May on the Way to the Forum. WoUongong, Apr University of Western Australia, Perth, Sep. 1989. 1989. 1988. Variants Ensemble, Newcastle Ford, A, 'Music to Riot by', Australian Conservatorium, Oct. 1988. Variants Scott-Murphy, L, Movement Designer, The Society, May 1989. Ensemble, ABC recording Chatswood, Heartbreak Kid, by Richard Barrett, Sydney, Oct. 1988. Ford, A, 24 Hours, Peter Sculthorpe at 60. directed by Peter Kingston, Expo, Brisbane Apr 1989. Performing Arts Centre and Griffin Theatre, Schultz, A, Spherics, Terra Australis Sydney, June 1988. Incognita, Buffalo, USA, June 1988. Terra EXHIBITIONS Australis, Aspen Music Festival, USA, July Scott-Murphy, L, Movement Designer, Les 1988. Terra Australis, SUNY, New York, Chappie, A J, Sydney Creative Embroiderers Enfants du Paradis, adapted by Tobsha USA, Sep. 1988. Terra Australis, The Asia Travelling Exhibition, Oct. 1988. Learner directed by Katerina Ivak, Belvoir Society, New York, USA, Oct. 1988. Terra Chappie, A J, Australian Fibre Forum 89, Street Theatre, Sydney, Sep. 1988. Australia, The Egg, Albany, New York, University of WoUongong, NSW, Jan. 1989. Scott-Murphy, L, Co-director and Movement USA, Nov. 1988. Terra Australis, Rollins Duncan, L, 'Artists of the Illawarra', Group Designer, The Killing Game, by Eugene College, Winter Park, Florida, USA exhibition, WoUongong City Gallery, NSW, lonesco, co-director Des Davis, Theatre South, WoUongong. November 1988. The Seymour Group, Sep./Nov. 1988. Sydney Opera House, ABC recording, Apr. Scott-Murphy, L, Movement Designer, Could Duncan, L, Group exhibition, WoUongong 1989. Do Better, by Richard TuUoch, directed by Ceramic Society, WoUongong, July 1988. Schultz, A, Sea Call, SCAW Ensemble, Alison Summers. Toetruck Theatre WoUongong, June 1988. Pitt Street Uniting Flugelman, B, Solo exhibition, drawings, Company, NSW Schools. Church, Sydney, recorded 2MBS FM, June prints and sculpture, WoUongong City Gallery, NSW, June/July 1988. Scott-Murphy, L, Choreographer Lipstick 1988. Dreams, by Simon Hopkinson and Helen Flugelman, B, Solo exhibition, drawings, Schultz, A, Where the Dead Men Lie, O'Connor directed by Simon Hopkinson, prints and sculpture, Solander Gallery, conductor HICES Music Festival Choir and Newcastle Playhouse and Belvoir Street Canberra, Aug. 1988. Orchestra, Town HaU, Sydney, July 1988. Theatre, Sydney. Flugelman, B, Group exhibition, Society of Sculptors exhibition, Sydney, Nov. 1988.

75 Scott-Murphy, L, Actor and Movement Consultant, Mother Courage, by Berthold FACULTY OF COMMERCE Brecht, directed by Des Davis, Theatre South, WoUongong, May 1989. Scott-Murphy, L, Movement Designer As You Like It, by William Shakespeare, DEPARTMENT OF directed by Peter Kingston, NIDA, Sydney. Scott-Murphy, L, Movement Designer ACCOUNTANCY Windy Gully, Wendy Richardson, Theatre South, WoUongong. Kevin, J, Actor, Juno and the Paycock, Theatre South, WoUongong, June 1988. Kevin, J, Director, MacBeth, Theatre South, BOOKS WoUongong, Oct. 1988. Kevin, J, Actor Mother Courage, Theatre Teoh, H Y and Lam, R, 'Performance South, WoUongong, May 1989. Gerrard, M J, Bromson, G and Kaidonis, M A, Computerised Accounting Using Sybiz, Evaluation Using Self-Ratings: A Replication Shepherd, P L, Musical Director, The Merry Melbourne, Prentice-Hall, 1989. and Extension', Proceedings of the Pan- Widow, Illawarra Performing Arts Centre, Pacific Business Association Conference VI, WoUongong, NSW, July 1988. JOURNAL ARTICLES Sydney, Australia, May-June 1989, pp 2. Shepherd, P L, Musical Director, The Mikado, Illawarra Performing Arts Centre, Funnell, W N, 'The Guardians of Liberty: Teoh, H Y, 'The Problems of Auditing and WoUongong, NSW, Nov. 1988. The Role of Civilians in British Military Financial Reporting in Developing Countries Vance, D V, Waltzing with Matilda, a Finance in the Late Nineteenth Century', with Special Reference to Malaysia', Mid- War and Society, Vol. 6, No. 2, Sep. 1988, program of Australian choral music. Atlantic Region of the American Accounting pp 32-46. University Singers, Wesley Church, Association Conference, Wilmington, WoUongong, Aug. 1988. Gaffikin, M J R, 'Legacy of the Golden Age: Delaware, United States, Apr 1989, pp 21. Recent Developments in the Methodology of Vance, D V. Schumann; Dichterliebe, Teoh, H Y and Lam, R, 'Interactive Effects Accounting', Abacus, Vol. 24, 1988, pp of Evaluation Style and Organizational Britten: Winter Words. Art of Lunch recital 16-36. Structure Characteristics of Autonomy and with tenor Gerald English, Sep. 1988. Interdependence on Subunit Managerial Vance, D V, Conductor, Messiah, by G F CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Performance', Conference of American Handel, University Singers, Town Hall, PAPERS Accounting Association Mid-Atlantic Region, WoUongong, Dec. 1988. Wilmington, Delaware, United States, Apr Vance, D V, Musical Director, Passion Music Ariyadasa, A W, 'Development of a 1989. for Good Friday, University Singers, All Continuing Professional Education Saints Anglican Church, Figtree, Mar 1989. Curriculum', South Asian Federation of Teoh, H Y and Shiu, G, 'Evaluating the Vance, D V, Pianist, Art of Lunch recital Accountants Annual Conference, Dhaka, Impact of Social Responsibility Disclosure on with John Stender, violin. Music by Bach, Bangladesh, May 1988, pp 18. Investment Decisions of Institutional Handel and Leclair, Apr 1989. Funnell, W N, 'Pathological Responses to Investors: A Field Experiment', Decision Vance, D V, Musical Director Dessau Accounting Controls: The British Sciences Institute Conference, Las Vegas, United States, Nov. 1988. (Brecht): Music for Mother Courage, SCAW Commissariat in the Crimea 1854-1856', Ensemble, Theatre South, May 1989. Working Paper No. 5, Department of Teoh, H Y and Shiu, G, 'Attitudes Towards Accountancy, University of WoUongong, Vance, D V, Pianist, Beethoven, Trio in Bb. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sept. 1988, pp 1-25. Op. 11, University of WoUongong, NSW, Perceived Importance of Social Responsibility Funnell, W N, 'Parliament and the May 1989. Information Characteristics in a Decision Evolution of British Military Audit Context', International Conference on Vance, D V, Conductor, BHP Training 1846-1899', Working Paper No. 8, Depart­ Contemporary Accounting, Khanartak Orchestra: Music by Handel, Copland and ment of Accountancy, University of University, Dharwad, India, Oct. 1988, pp Tchaikovsky, Gleniffer Brae, University of WoUongong, Jan. 1989, pp 1-19. 25. WoUongong, June 1989. Funnell, W N, 'Pathological Responses to Tibbits, G E, 'The Accountancy Court Accounting Controls: the British Commis­ Concept', Accounting Association of sariat in the Crimea 1854-1856', European POEMS Australia and New Zealand Conference, Accounting Association Congress, Stuttgart, Pretty, R K, Facing the Music, Southerly, Canberra, Aug. 1988, pp 32. Apr 1989, pp 25. Jan. 1989. Wijewardena, H, 'Growth of Small Pretty, R K, Rabaul, Age Monthly Re-view. Gaffikin, M J R, 'The Archaeology of Manufacturing Business in Sri Lanka', May 1989. Accounting', Proceedings 5th World Congress Department of Accountancy, Apr 1989, pp Pretty, R K, Lookout, Sydney Morning of Accounting History, Sydney, 1989, pp 14. 1-22. Herald, Feb. 1989. Gaffikin, M J R, 'Heritage Lage d'or', Pretty, R K, Bagatelle, Sydney Morning Herald, Apr 1989. European Accounting Association, Nice, Pretty, R K, Equinox, Social Alternatives. 1988, 20 pp. Feb. 1989. Greenwell, M M, 'Pacific Gender Studies Pretty, R K, Towards the End, ABC: A First and Accounting', Pan Pacific Business Hearing, May 1989. Association Conference VI, Sydney, DEPARTMENT OF Pretty, R K, Lake's Edge, Radio, Oct. 1988. Australia, May-June, 1989, pp3. ECONOMICS Greenwell, M M, 'The Social Construction of the Meaning of True and Fair View', BOOK European Accounting Association Congress, Nyland, C. Reduced Working Time and the Stuttgart, Apr 1989, pp 20. Management of Production, Cambridge Greenwell, M M, 'The Social Construction University Press, Cambridge, 1989. of the Meaning of True and Fair View', Department of Accountancy, University of BOOKS EDITED WoUongong, Mar 1989, pp 20. Bray M and Kelly D (eds). Issues and GreenweU, M M, 'Gender-based Role Trends in Australasian Industrial Relations, Representations in Annual Company AIRAANZ 1989, WoUongong, 1989. Reports', Working Paper No. 6, Oct. 1988, Kelly, D, 'Technology, Work and Industrial Department of Accountancy, University of Relations: Workplace Industrial Relations in WoUongong, pp 1-24. the BOS at Port Kembla Steelworks', in M Shannon, R P, Gul, F A and Teoh, Bray and D Kelly (eds). Issues and Trends in H Y, 'Cognitive Style as a Factor in Australasian Industrial Relations, AIRAANZ Accounting Students' Performance in 1989, WoUongong, 1989. Multiple Choice Examinations', Department Mangan, J, in Edwards, J, et al.. Manpower of Accountancy, University of WoUongong, Strategy and Techniques in an Organiza­ Apr 1989, pp 15. tional Context, John Wiley, London, 1983. Shannon, R P, 'Essential Management Tools Markey R, 'Employee Responses to for a Small Wholesale/Retail Establishment', Technological Change in State Employment'. Department of Accountancy, University of A Case of the NSW Public Service. Riverina- WoUongong, May 1989, pp 1-5. Murray Institute Press, Wagga Wagga, 1988.

76 BOOK CHAPTERS Hawke, A and Lewis, D E, Evolution of an Winley, G, Tognetti, K, van Ravenstein, T, Alternative Income Maintenance scheme for 'Hurwitz's Theorem and the Continued Castle, R, Markey, R and Bourne, D, Australia', National Social Policy Conference, Fraction with Constant Terms', accepted for 'Worker Attitudes to Technological and Sydney, July 1989. publication Fibonacci Quarterly. 1988. Organizational Change in the Steel Industry', Markey, R, 'Introduction', in Markey, R and in Bray, M and Kelly, D (eds). Issues and Winley, G, van Ravenstein, T, Tognetti, K, Hood, R (eds). Proceedings of the Seminar Trends in Australasian Industrial Relations, 'Characteristics and the Three Gap on Industrial Democracy and Employee AIRAANZ 1989, proceedings, WoUongong, Theorem', accepted for publication Fibonacci Participation at Port Kembla, Centre for Quarterly, 1989. 1989. Work and Labour Market Studies, Mangan, J and Lewis, D (eds), 'The WoUongong, 1988, pp v-vi. CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Effectiveness of Employment Subsidies for Markey, R, 'The Port Kembla Harbour Task Those with Disabilities', Social Security, Force and Industrial Democracy', in Markey, PAPERS Society and the Economy, 1989. R and Hood, R (eds). Proceedings of the Lo, B W N and Chawla, J, 'An Expert Markey, R, 'The Impact of Industrial Seminar on Industrial Democracy and Advisory System for Small Business Democracy at Port Kembla', in Case Studies Employee Participation at Port Kembla, Computing Requirements', International in Labour Management Cooperation For Centre for Work and Labour Market Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Productivity Improvement, International Studies, WoUongong, 1988, pp 40-4. Industry and Government, Hyderabad, Labour Organisation, 1988. Markey, R, 'Determinants of Working Class India, 1989. Nyland, C, 'The Reduction of Standard Organization in Australia, 1871-1914'. MacGregor, R C and Clarke, R J, 'Loss of Working Times: An Examination of the Conference on Comparative Labour History, the "Informal" in Systems Design'. Literature', in M Bray and D Kelly (eds). Amsterdam, Feb. 1989. EURINFO '88, Athens, 1988, 5. BuUinger, Issues and Trends in Australian Industrial H J, Protonotarios, E N, Bouwhuis, D and Markey, R, 'Australian Trade Unions and Relations, AIRAANZ, WoUongong, 1989. Relm, F (eds), Amsterdam, North HoUand, Workers' Participation in Conditions of 1988, pp 242-246. Nyland, C, 'The Contraction of Standard Contemporary Technological Change', Working Times in the United States' in M Conference, University of Belgrade, Sept. MacGregor, R C, King, K F and Clarke, Bray and D Kelly (eds). Issues and Trends in 1988. R J, 'Individualising the Man-Machine Australian Industrial Relations, AIRAANZ, Interface', Conference on Ergonomics and WoUongong, 1989. Pol, E, 'A Second Look to Catastrophe Theory' (mimeo). Presented at 1988 Hybrid Automation Systems, Kentucky, 1988. Australasian Meeting of the Econometric Karwowski, W, Genaidy, A and Asfour S S JOURNAL ARTICLES Society, Canberra, 1988. (eds), US, Taylor and Francis, 1988, pp 275-281. Castle, R G and Hagan, J J, 'Politics in the Oxley Region, 1894-1920', Labour History. Clarke, R J and MacGregor R C, 'Task Number 56, May 1989, pp 29-43. BOOK REVIEWS Allocation in Systems Design', Proc. Conf. Hawke, A and Lewis, D E, 'A fair and Mangan, J, 'Working Time Reductions, SOST '89, Terrigal, 3-5 May 1989, 8. Clarke, feasible income support programme for Output and Employment', by Aberg, S, R and Cameron, J (eds), Australian Australia', Economic Papers. Vol. 8, Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol. 9, Computer Society Inc., 1989, 81-88. No. 2, 1989. No. 3, 1988, pp 429-430. MacGregor, R C, 'Catering to the Individual Mangan, J, "Unemployment, Search and in Music Composition Software: an Informa­ Kelly, D, 'Towards Tripartism: Industrial tion Systems Approach', Stevens, R S (ed.), Relations in the Steel Industry, 1967-87', Labour Supply', Blundell, R and Walker, I 18th Int. Conf. Music Education, Canberra, Journal of Industrial Relations, Dec. 1988, (eds). Economic Analysis and Policy, Vol. 17, July 1988. pp 511-31. No. 3, 1988, pp 417-18. Lewis, D E, 'Deference, Incapacitation and Nyland, C, Bray, M and Rimmer, M. Rehabilitation: The effects of sanctions on 'Delivering the Goods: A History of the crime rates', in Economic Crime: Its impact Transport Workers' Union in New South on Society and Effective Prevention, H Wales', reviewed in the fournal of Industrial Utsuro (ed.). Resource Material Series, Relations. Vol. 30, No. 4, pp 587-588. No, 31, Tokyo, 1988, pp 174-188. Lewis, D E, 'Criminal sanctions and crime DEPARTMENT OF rates'. Crime UK, 1988, pp 17-21. REPORTS Lewis, D E, 'A linear model of fine Lewis, D E, 'Training Programmes for LEGAL STUDIES Women on Leave', for the Women's Bureau, enforcement with application to theft in BOOKS England and Wales', Journal of Quantitative Department of Employment, Education and Criminology, Vol. 14, Training, 1988. Hale, K W and Jackson, J G, The No. 1, 1988, pp 19-37. Mangan, J and Shorten, B, 'The Tourism Australian Corporate Law Reference 1986-87: Mangan, J, 'Wage Subsidies for those with Industry on the Leisure Coast: An Applied A Digest of Case and Journal Articles, Disabilities: Are they Effective?', Input-Output Analysis', for Illawarra Sydney Legal Books Pty Ltd, 1988, pp 181. International Journal of Social Security, Regional Information Service, Mar 1989. Jackson, J G and Hale, K W, The Australian Geneva, 1989. O'Brien, D T and Mallawaarachchi, T, Corporate Law Reference 1986-87: A Digest Fertiliser Policies for Rice Production in Sri Mangan, J and Steinke, J, 'Working-time of Cases and Journal Articles. Sydney, Legal Lanka, for government of Sri Lanka, Reductions in Australian Manufacturing: Books Pty Ltd, 1988, pp 181, funding provided by the Asian Development Did They Create Work and Who Funded Nothdurft, J, Finding the Way—A Resources Bank, Jan. 1989. Them?', Economic and Industrial Manual for Employment of Peoples with Democracy, Vol. 17, O'Brien, D T and Mallawaarachchi, T, Disabilities in NSW Health Services. Sydney, No. 2, Stockholm, May 1988. Fertilizer Recommendations for Rice Under Government Printing Office, 1988. Mangan, J, 'Working-time Reductions: a Alternative Fertilizer-Rice Price Policies, for Survey of the Australian Experience', the Government of Sri Lanka, funding pro­ DATA BASE Industrial Relations Journal, Vol. 19, No. 4, vided by the Asian Development Bank, Jan. 1989. Hale, K W and Jackson, J G, The Nottingham, Winter 1988. Australian Corporate Law Data Base, Mangan, J and Shorten, B, 'Economic Sydney, Info-One International, 1988. Planning in Regional New South Wales', Jackson, J G and Hale, K W, The Australian Regional Studies. Vol. 22, Corporate Law Data Base, Sydney, Info-One No. 2, Newcastle, UK, 1988. International, 1988. Mangan, J, 'Technology and the American Economic Transition', Prometheus. Sept, DEPARTMENT OF CONFERENCE/SEMINAR 1989. PAPERS Mangan, J, 'The New Industrial INFORMATION SYSTEMS Organisation, Theory and Empirical Consadine, D, 'Statutory Responsibility of Evidence', Economic Analysis and Policy. Health Care Workers', Illawarra Area Health Sept, 1989, BOOK CHAPTER Service on Duties and Responsibilities of Workers in the Caring Professions at CONFERENCE/SEMINAR MacGregor, R and Clarke, R J, User WoUongong Hospital, WoUongong, February Defined Icon Sets: A Technique for the 1989, pp 11. PAPERS Reduction of System Complexity', in Consadine, D, 'Mandatory Reporting in Karwowski, W, Genaidy, A and Asfour, S S ' Castle, R, Markey, R and Bourne, D, Child Sexual Assault —the new Legislation', (ed.). Computer Aided Ergonomics, UK, 'Worker Attitudes to Technological Seminar convened by Moira Carmody Taylor and Francis, 1989, in press. and Organizational Change in the Steel (Principal adviser to the NSW Government Industry: The Centre for Work and Labour JOURNAL ARTICLES on Sexual Assault) for Co-ordinators of Market Studies B.H.P. Port Kembla Survey'. Sexual Assault Centres, March 1989, pp 35. Biennial Conference of Association of Hasan, Helen M, 'Assessment of Student Consadine, D, 'Reporting in Child Sexual Industrial Relations Academics of Australia Programming Assignments in COBOL Assault —the new Legislation' to social and and New Zealand, WoUongong, Feb, 1989. Education and Computing. 4, 1988. welfare workers in the Illawarra, Nowra April 1989, pp 35.

77 Consadine, D, Legal Difficulties for Those CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Ergonomics of Advanced Manufacturing and who Advise', Seminar by Illawarra Hybrid Automated Systems, Louisville, Aug. Community Legal Centre on 'The Problem PAPERS 1988. Published in the proceedings, W of Community Legal Education', May 1989, Cleary, R P, 'Stress Management in Remote Karwowski (ed.), Ergonomics of Hybrid pp8. Area Teaching'. Second UNESCO workshop Automated Systems, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1988, pp 195-200. Consadine, D, 'Choosing the Appropriate in Australia on training of primary Legal Structure: Some Alternatives', Seminar education personnel working in difficult WiUiams, T A, 'Information Technology and by Illawarra Community Legal Centre on educational contexts, Darwin, Aug. 1988. Industrial Democracy in Government', Royal The Alternatives in the Organisation of Cleary, R P, 'Guidelines for Training Australian Institute of Public Administration Community Resources, June 1989, pp 25. Educational Personnel Working in Difficult Annual Conference, Academics and Nothdurft, J, Employment Policy for People Educational Contexts', Dr B C Devlin (ed.), Practitioners Conference, Melbourne, Oct. with Disabihties', Department of Technical Darwin, Northern Territory University, 1989. 1988, pp 10. and Further Education, Sydney, 1988. Dawes, P L, Dowling, G R and Patterson, Williams, T A, University of WoUongong Nothdurft, J, Employment Pohcy for People P G, 'The Marketing of Professional Con­ Campus East Conference Centre Study: with Disabilities', Department of Health, sulting Services', ANZAME Conference and Academic Staff Survey. Included in the Sydney, 1988. Symposia, Perth, WA, Dec. 1988. Report to the University of WoUongong by Jabri, M (with Roy Payne), 'A person- Peat, Marwick, Hungerfords, Oct. 1988, environment fit analysis of the performance, pp 20. effort and satisfaction of research scientists', Williams, T A, 'Information Technology and XXIV International Congress of Psychology, Work Design in the Australian Public Sydney Aug. 1988, pp 129. Service', International Occupational Jabri, M, 'Innovative styles and innovative Ergonomics Symposium, Work Design in DEPARTMENT OF environments: An exploratory study of the Practice, Zadar, Yugoslavia, Apr 1989, pp 6. concept of person-job fit', ANZAME Taylor and Francis, London, 1989. MANAGEMENT Conference, Perth, Dec. 1988, pp 32. Williams, T A, 'Putting Organisational BOOKS Lowe, J, 'The Strategic Management of Choice Before Technical Decisions in Technology', ANZAME Conference and Information Technology Strategic Planning', Sim, A B and Chong, Y W, Marketing Symposia, Perth, Dec. 1988, pp 20. International Conference on Shaping Management, Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Naughton, T, 'Islamic Banking: Current Organisations Shaping Technology, Terrigal, Institute of Management, 1989, pp 259. Issues and Future Prospects', Australasian New South Wales, May 1989. Published WiUiams, T A, Computers, Work and Finance and Banking Conference, Australian proceedings, Clarke, R and Cameron, G Health. London, Taylor and Francis, 1988. Graduate School of Management, Dec. 1988. (eds). Shaping Organisations Shaping pp 146. Patterson, P G, 'The International Technology, Sydney, Prentice-Hall, 1989, pp Marketing of Distance Education—A Case 509-523. BOOK CHAPTERS Study', Australian National Marketing Zanko, M, 'Managing Unplanned Absence in Dawes, P L, 'Is Industrial Marketing Educator's Conference, Queensland, Sept. Organizations', The Solutions —International Different?' in Bradmore, D, Joy, S and 1988. Occupational Health and Safety Convention, Kimberley, C (eds). Marketing Visions: Williams, T A, 'Beyond Software Melbourne, Oct. 1988, pp 12. Published in Classical and Topical Readings. Australia, Ergonomics? Human Control of Automated proceedings —Melbourne, Australia, Oct. Prentice-Hall, 1989, pp 95-98. Systems', International Conference on 1988, pp 289-301. Dawes, P L and Patterson, P G, 'Product Managers—What Are They Good For?' in Bradmore, D, Joy, S and Kimberley, C (eds). Marketing Visions: Classical and Topical Readings. Australia, Prentice-Hall, 1989, pp 293-298. Patterson, P G, 'PGH Ceramics Tiles Pty FACULTY OF EDUCATION Ltd' (Case Study) in Kotler, R Chandler P Gibbs, R and McCoU, R, Marketing in Australia. Prentice-Hall, 1989, pp 132-135. JOURNAL ARTICLES Jabri, M, 'A new scale for the measurement SCHOOL OF of innovativeness amongst research and development scientists'. Psychological LEARNING STUDIES Reports. 1988, 62, pp 951-952. Jabri, M, 'On the importance of knowing the affective meaning of job demands' (with BOOKS R Payne and A Pearson), youma/ of Organizational Behaviour. 1988, 9, pp Cambourne, B L, The Whole Story, Natural Cambourne, B L and Brown, H, 'Learning 149-158. Learning and the Acquisition of Literacy, to control narrative and argument, a Lowe, J, 'An Appraisal of the Performance Auckland, Ashton-Scholastic, 1988. grounded theory of the acquisition of of Manufacturing Industry in Wales', Journal Kyle, N, We Should've Listened to different registers by young leamer writers'. of Economic Studies. 1989. Grandma, Women and Family History, Narrative and Argument, Andrews, R (ed.), Naughton, T, 'Islamic Banking and Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1988. Cambridge University Press, 1989. Financial Development,/ouma/ of Islamic de Lacey, P, Hunt, D and Randhawa, B S, Banking and Finance. Vol. 5, No. 2, 1988, 'Thinking, planning and personality'. pp 60-76. BOOKS EDITED Individual Differences in Children and Naughton, T, 'Interest Free Banking', Adolescents, Saklofske, D H and Eysenck, S King, R C and CoHins, J K (eds). Social B G (eds), London, Hodder and Stoughton, Australian Banker. Vol. 102, No. 2, 1988, pp Applications and Issues in Psychology, 1988. 55-57. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publ., 1989, pp iS'aughton, T Islamic Banking and 379, Derewianka, B and Turbill, J, 'Learning to Financial Development', Unisia. Vol. 2, \o. Kyle, N (ed.), Women as Educators in Write Expository Text'. Teaching Writing 2, 1988, 99, pp 3-15. Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Australia, K-12, Walshe, R and March, P (eds), Williams, T A, New Office Structures in Occasional Papers No. 1, School of Learning Melbourne, Dellasta Press, 1988, pp 138-143. the Australian Public Service', Changing Studies, University of WoUongong, 1989. Jones, J M and Castle, J, 'Women in Higher Work. No. 10, 1989, pp 6. Education, Change in the 80's. Women as Williams, T A, 'Office Structures BOOK CHAPTERS Educators in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Australia, Kyle, N J (ed), Implementation, New Technology and Work Brown, H and Camboume, B L, 'Evaluation Design. Australian Journal of Public Occasional Papers No. 1, School of Learning in Whole-Language Classrooms, a collabora­ Studies, University of WoUongong, 1989, pp Administration, Vol. XL\III, No. 2, 1989 tive research project'. Monitoring Children's 29-36. PP 10. Language Development, Daly E (ed.), Zanko. M, Rehabilitation Networks: Melbourne, Australian Reading Association, King, R C, 'The Role of Class, Ethnicity Features and ImpHcations', Journal oJ 1989. and Gender in the Education System'. Four Dimensional Social Space, Jagtenberg, T Occupational Health and Safety—Australia Camboume, B L, 'Freeing Teachers from the and .\ew Zealand. Vol. 4, No. 6, Dec. 1988, and D'Alton, P (eds). Sydney, Harper and LORE'. Language Arts and the Leamer, Row, 1988. pp 521-526. Smith and Murray (eds), Sydney, Macmillan and Co.. 1988. Cambourne, B L, 'What is a good writer?' Teaching Writing K-12. Walshe, R and March, P (eds), Dellasta Books, 1988.

78 Kyle, N, 'Sarah Hynes and the Hibiscus Camboume, B L and Turbill, J, Co- Kyle, N, 'The Hoax of Housewifery, Women Episode, A Policy of Keeping Women researching as a Medium of Professional as Policymakers in Australian Education', Teachers in their Place'. Women as Development', Symposium in Whole Australian and New Zealand History of Educators in Nineteenth and Twentieth Language A.E.R.A. International Con­ Education Conference, Australian National Century Australia, Kyle, N J (ed.). ference, San Francisco, 1989. University, Aug. 1988. Occasional Papers No. 1, School of Learning Camboume, B L and TurbUl, J, 'Evaluation Kyle, N, Women and Family History, A Studies, University of WoUongong, 1989, pp in Whole Language Classrooms', Inter­ Feminist Critique', First International 1-12. national Reading Association Annual Congress on Family History, Sydney Kyle, N, 'Woman's Natural Mission but Conference, New Orleans, 1989. Convention and Elxhibition Centre, Darling Man's Real Domain, The Masculinisation of Camboume, B L, 'Learning to Control Harbour Oct. 1988. the State Elementary Teaching Service in Register', Western Australian Reading New South Wales'. Battlers and Conference, Perth, 1989. Turbill, J, 'Writing K-12, The theory behind Bluestockings: Two Hundred Years of the document', Reading Association Sydney Women and Australian Education, Taylor, S Camboume, B L, 'Assessment in Whole- Conference, Mar 1988. and Henry, M (eds), Australian College of Language Classrooms', Western Australian Reading Conference. Turbill, J, 'Effective conferencing and Education, 1989, pp 25-36. classroom management', ACT Schools Camboume, B L, 'The Conditions of Turbill, J, 'Evaluation in a Whole Language Authority, Apr 1988. Learning', University of S. Pacific Classroom, the What, the Why, the How, Symposium , Seattle, 1989. Turbill, J, 'Writing, the process approach'. the When'. Monitoring Children's Progress in Inaugural Literacy and Learning Literacy, Daly, E (ed.), Australian Reading Camboume, B L, Theory into Practice', Conference, Gippsland Institute, Victoria, Association, 1989. University of S. Pacific Symposium, Seattle, Apr 1988. Turbill, J, 'Learning to be Literate, Writing 1989. Turbill, J, Evaluation in a Whole Language Development'. Language Arts and the Cambourne, B L, 'How Do Young Children Leamer, Smith, Fran and Murray, John Classroom', Keynote paper. Whole Language Learn?' Whole-Language Conference, East Conference, Sydney, June 1988. (eds), MacraiUan, 1988. Washington University, Spokane, 1989. Turbill, J, 'ELIC Tutor Training Program', Camboume, B L, Assessment and week-long training program in literacy JOURNAL ARTICLES Evaluation in Whole Language Classrooms', education run with Dr Brian Camboume for Whole-Language Conference, East 60 teachers from across New York State, Cambourne, B L and Fleet, A, 'The coding Washington University, Spokane, 1989. of naturalistic data'. Research in Education, USA, July 1988. 41, May 1989. Cambourne, B L, 'How Do Young Children Turbill, J, "Whole Language Classroom K-3', Learn?' Whole-Language Conference, de Lacey, P R and Walker S-L, 'Twenty Whole Language Conference, Denver, Greeley Colorado, 1989. Colorado, USA, 1989. years of enrichment preschooling. Lessons to Camboume, B L, 'Assessment and learn'. Australian Journal of Early Evaluation in Whole Language Classrooms', Turbill, J, Teaching Spelling', Whole Childhood, 13, 1988, pp 3-5. Whole-Language Conference, Greeley, Language Conference, Denver, Colorado, Facer, E J and de Lacey, P R, 'Cognition, Colorado, 1989. USA, 1989. language and schooling among Indochinese Turbill, J, The Conference —a immigrants to Australia'. Cross-cultural de Lacey, P R, Barlow, A R, Randhawa, B S, Hunt, D and Walker S-L, 'Cognition and teaching/evaluating strategy'. Whole Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1988, pp 5-12. Personality, Interrelationships, Intercultural Language Conference, Denver Colorado, King, R C (with Burton, P G and Cow, L), Differences and Ethical Issues', National USA, 1989. 'Self-Instruction Problem-Solving, Is it of Aboriginal Studies Conference, Nepean CAE Turbill, J, 'How children learn different benefit to all learners?' N.S.W. Journal of (University of Western Sydney), Sept. 1988. registers of writing', Whole Language Special Education, 8, Sept. 1987/Mar 1988. Conference, Denver Colorado, USA, 1989. Kyle, N, 'Caroline Edgeworth David; A de Lacey, P R, Randhawa, B, Hunt, D, Walker S-L and Barlow, A, 'Cognitive and Turbill, J, 'Co-researching—a professional Short Biography'. Unicom, 15, 1, 1989, pp Personality Characteristics Among Ethnically development model'. South Coast Regional 54-56. Different Children', International Association Association for Language and Learning, Kyle, N, 'Co-education and the Egalitarian of Cross-Cultural Psychology Congress, 1989. University of Newcastle, Aug. 1988, Myth in Australian Education'. (British) Turbill, J, 'Whole Language and the ESL Journal of Educational Administration and Derewianka, B (with Hammond, J), 'Along Child', Metropolitan West ESL Teachers' History, 20, 2, 1988, pp 22-28. the Mode Continuum', Whole Language Association Conference, 1989. Kyle, N, 'Policy, Politics, Parsimony and Approaches to Literacy Conference, Turbill, J, 'Secondary Literacy Task Force', Pragmatism, The State and the Rural University of Sydney, June 1988, pp 10. Program to train 30 Secondary teachers School in Colonial New South Wales'. Derewianka, B, Hammond, J and Winser, from the South Coast Region as Task Force (British) History of Education. 18, 4, 1989. W, 'Language, Literacy and Learning', Consultants, Feb, 1989, Randhawa, B S, de Lacey, P R and Hunt, World Congress, International Reading Turbill, J, 'Researching Whole Language', D, 'Developmental, cognitive and Association, Brisbane, July 1988, pp 8. Symposium American Educational Research behavioural achievements of children from Derewianka, B, 'The Invisible Third Phase Conference, San Francisco, USA, Apr 1989, three sociocultural groups'. International Learner', ESL Conference, Newcastle Turbill, J, Whole Language Classroom in Joumal of Psychology, 23, 1988, pp 181-199. University, Nov. 1988, pp 15. Action; All Day, Every Day', International Wilson, M, 'SISS Science Curriculum in Derewianka, B, 'Recent Developments in Reading Conference, New Orleans, USA, Papua New Guinea'. Papua New Guinea Literacy Education', Meeting of Principals of 1989, Joumal of Education, 25, 1, pp 81-90. NSW Independent Co-educational Schools, Turbill, J, 'Evaluation and Assessment for Winser W N, 'Readers Getting Control of Nov 1988, pp 8. Whole Language Classrooms', NSW Reading'. Australian Joumal oJ Reading, Derewianka, B, Living the Language, Department of Education DSP Conference, 11, 4, Nov. 1988, pp 257-268. Intensive English for Overseas Students', Met. South West Region, June 1989. ATESOL Summer School, University of Turbill, J, Responsive Evaluation—Wholistic Sydney Jan. 1989, pp 10. Approach to Assessment and Evaluation of CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Derewianka, B, 'Third Phase Learners in the Literacy', Strand Workshop, Australian Classroom', ATESOL Summer School, Reading Association Conference, Darwin, PAPERS University of Sydney, Jan. 1989, pp 10. July 1989. Cambourne, B L, Turbill, J, Brown, H, Jones, J M, 'Outcomes of Girls' Schooling, Turbill, J, 'How Children's Literacy Gleave, C and Green, M, 'From Guinea Pigs Unravelling Class and Gender Differences', Behaviour Shapes the Curriculum', to Co-researchers', World Reading SAANZ Conference, ANU, Canberra, Nov Australian Reading Association Conference, Conference, Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1988, 1988. Darwin, July 1989. Cambourne, B L, 'The Push Toward King, R C, 'The Transmission of Turbill, J, 'The Secondary Literacy Accountability Testing in Literacy', Psychological Research into Practices and In-Service Course: A description of its Tasmanian State Reading Conference, 1988. Policies in Education', XXIV International contents, aims and initial trials', Australian Cambourne, B L, 'The Move Toward Congress of Psychology, Sydney, Aug.-Sept. Reading Association Conference, Darwin Accountability Testing', Victorian State 1988. July 1989. Reading Conference, Sept. 1988. King, R C, 'The Convention Industry in Turbill, J, 'Coming to terms with text'. Cambourne, B L, 'Assessment and Australia, Issues for the Future', Association Strand Workshop, Australian Reading Evaluation in Whole-language Classrooms, of Conference Executives, Terrigal, Apr Association Conference, Darwin, July 1989. Theory into Practice', Keynote address, 1989. Wilson, M, 'High School Science Teachers in Victoran State Reading Conference, King, R C, 'Education in the Future', NSW Papua New Guinea', Annual Conference of Warrnambool, Victoria, Sept. 1988. Department of Education Senior the Australian Science Teachers' Association, Cambourne, B L, 'The Conditions of Management Conference, Leura, 5-6 Apr Canberra, July 1988. Learning', Reading Conference, Wellington, 1989. Wilson, M, 'Science Achievement in an NZ, Nov. 1988. Kyle, N, 'Mythology or Genealogy, Male Eighteenth Century Country', Australian Cambourne, B L, 'Implementing Natural Monopolisation of the Family Tree', Science Education Research Association Learning', Conference, Wellington, NZ, Nov. Australian Historical Association Conference, Conference, University of New South Wales 1988. University of Sydney, Feb. 1988. July 1988.

79 Wilson, M, SISS Science Curriculum in Harris, M and Fasano, C, 'Towards a Policy Incidence of Injuries in Touch', Australian Papua New Guinea', UNESCO Intemational on Continuing Professional Development of Sports Coach Joumal, 11:4, July-Sep. 1988, Consultation on Recent Developments in Teachers: Australian Perspectives', Joumal of pp 25-28. Integrated Science Teaching, Report of a Education Policy, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1988, pp Meeting held in Canberra, AustraUa, 8-10 291-300. REPORTS July 1988, (Also published in joumal and Hatton, M J, Kerr Y B, Patterson, J W and Fasano, C, Hall, N and Cook, J, 'Schooling listed above.) Westbrook, R S, 'Cancer Education: A in Rural Australia: Information Technology Winser W N, 'Becoming Conscious of resource for Health Teachers—An Evaluation and Educational Services', Commonwealth Yourself in Language Learning', Post World Study", 1989, Department of Education, Employment and Congress Symposium, Brisbane, July 1988. Patterson, J, Fried, R and Nagle, J, Impact Training, Canberra, Oct. 1988, pp 1-83. Wright, J, 'The Construction of Gender of a Comprehensive Health Promotion Harper B M, 'Leaf Area Index of Thinning through Tenor Choices in Physical Education Curriculum on Physician Behaviour and Sites at Ingelhope, W.A. Autumn, 198B', Lessons', Applied Linguistics Association of Attitudes', American Joumal of Preventive Department of Conservation and Land Australia Conference, Australian Achieve­ Medicine, 5(1), 1989, pp 44-49. Management, WA, Dec. 1988. ment in Applied Linguistics, Launceston, Elliott, A, 'Girls, computers and early child­ Harper B M, 'Plant Stand Analysis Using Tasmania, 25-28 Aug. 1988, pp 24. hood education'. Early Childhood Seminar Hemispherical Photographs for Wright, J, 'The Interview as Text', Women's University of WoUongong, Sep. 1988. Rehabilitation Trials, Jerrahdale, W.A., Studies Conference, Feminist Approaches to January, 1989', ALCOA Limited, WA, Mar Elliott, A, 'Computers in early chUdhood 1989. Interview, 7 Apr 1989, pp 16. education'. Hunter Region Early Childhood Conference, Newcastle, Oct. 1988. Harper B M, Leaf Area Index of Thinning MONOGRAPHS/REPORTS Sites at Ingelhope, W.A. Summer 1989', Elliott, A, 'Computers in the preschool: A Department of Conservation and Land Booth, E, Teckle, N, Farrell, J and Telfer new tool for learning'. Annual Central Coast R, Evaluation of Phase I of Education Children's Services Conference, Gosford, Apr Management, WA, May 1989. Program for Southern Africa, Canberra, 1989. Harper B M, 'Plant Stand Analysis Using AIDAB, 1989. Hemispherical Photographs, W.A. December Fasano, C, 'Politiche dell'istruzione oggi: Camboume, B L, New approaches to 1988', ALCOA Limited, WA, Jan. 1989. teori e metodologie analitiche, invited evaluation — Research Session, Summer seminar at the University of Rome 'La Harper B M, 'Plant Stand Analysis Using School on Writing K-12, Kuring-gai College, Sapienza', Rome, Italy, June 1988. Hemispherical Photographs for Huntley Jan. 1988. Mine Site, W.A., January 1989', ALCOA Camboume, B, Turbill, J, Secondary Fasano, C, 'Problemi e tendenze nelle Limited, WA, Mar 1989. Literacy Inservice Course. Professional applicazioni dell'informatica allistruzione', Harper B M, 'Plant Stand Analysis Using Development Program prepared for the invited seminar at TECNOPOLIS, Hemispherical Photographs for Curriculum Development Centre, Canberra, Valenzano, Italy, July 1988. Rehabilitation Trials, Jerrahdale, W.A., 1989. Fasano, C and Patterson, J, 'The Search for January, 1989', ALCOA Limited, WA, Mar Cambourne, B, TurbiU, J and Gleave, C, Meaning in Educational Policy: Can 1989, Evaluation of a Pilot Inservice Course on Historians Help?' Keynote Paper Conference Harper, B M, 'Plant Stand Analysis Using of the Australian and New Zealand History Literacy Acquisition/ Development in Three Hemispherical Photographs Using Infrared of Education Society, Canberra, ACT, Aug. Disadvantaged High Schools. Funded by the Film for Rehabilitation Trials, Jerrahdale', NSW Disadvantaged Schools Program. Final 1988. ALCOA Limited, WA, Jan. 1989. Report, Feb. 1988. Fasano, C, 'Ethnicity and Education', Hatton, M J, Kerr, Y B, Patterson, J W and Camboume, B L, TurbUl, J, Keeble, P, International Conference on 'The Italian Westbrook, R S, 'Cancer Education: A Ferguson, B and Colvin, R, NSW Community in Australia: The First 200 resource for Health Teachers—an Evaluation Evaluation of the Early Literacy Inservice Years', WoUongong University, NSW, Aug. Study', NSW Cancer Council, Jan. 1989. pp Course. Final Report, Centre for Studies in 1988. 1-180. Literacy, 1988. Fasano, C, A Policy Perspective on McLeUan, K, with Centre, Y, The Educational Research in Australia', Keynote CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Integration of Children with Disabilities into paper 1988 Conference of the Australian PAPERS Regular Classes (Mainstreaming), Stage 1 Association for Research in Education, Elliott, A, 'Sex typing of children's Report, 1988 (a co-operative study with Armidale, NSW, Nov-Dec. 1988. behaviours in a computer-active preschool Macquarie University). Fasano, C, 'Teaching Education Policy; classroom'. National Educational Computer Epistemological Foundations, Common Conference, Dallas, Texas, June 1988. Perceptions and Emerging Market Needs', Elliott, A and Try, K, 'Attitudes and skills of Conference on 'Teaching Public Policy', pre-service teachers to computers'. South ANU, Canberra, Dec. 1988, Canberra Pacific Association of Teacher Education Bulletin of Public Administration. Annual Conference, Sydney, July 1988. Gannicott, K and Throsby, C D, 'The Elliott, A, 'Using computers to enhance Quality of Education in the South Pacific; family history research'. Proceedings of the Some Preliminary Hypotheses', World Bank Australian Computers in Education Conference on Education in the South SCHOOL OF POLICY Conference, Perth, Sep. 1988. Pacific, Feb. 1989. AND TECHNOLOGY Elliott, A and Rosewam, K, 'Strategies for Smith, A, 'A Rationale for Policy Studies in achieving gender equity in early childhood STUDIES IN EDUCATION Undergraduate Teacher Education Pro­ programs', 18th Triennial Conference of the grams', National Curriculum Studies Con­ Australian Early Childhood Association, BOOK ference, Canberta, July 1989. Canberra, Sep. 1988. Webb, P 'Progressive Lesson/Coaching Plans Webb, P 'Using the NCAS and Coaching Elliott, A and Try, K, 'Student nurses' for Touch in the Primary School, ATA, Courses for the Development of Junior computing attitudes and skills: some 1988, pp 1-150. Sport', National Coaching Director, 5:1 Mar implications for curricula'. Annual 1989, pp 42-48. Conference of the Nurse Teachers' Association of Australia, Sydney, Sep. 1988. BOOK CHAPTERS Webb, P and Eastman, V, 'The Nature and Elliott, A, 'Preschoolers' communicative behaviours while participating in computer based learning activities; some preliminary findings', in Lovis, F and Tagg, E D (eds). Computers in Education. 1988, pp 379-386. JOURNAL ARTICLES Elliott, A, 'Computers in the classroom; tools for leaming', Curriculum Focus K-12 10, 1988, pp 46-58. Fasano. C, Economics Priorities, Micro­ computers and Education: New Challenges and Old Responses', Discourse: the Australian Joumal of Educational Studies, Vol. 9. .\o. 1. Oct. 1988. pp 39-58. Gannicott. K. The Evaluarion of Human Capital in Papua New Guinea', Papua New Guinea Joumal of Education. Mol 25 No 1, 1989. pp 23-49.

80 Kohoutek, R and Howell, J F, Dynamics of FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Large Concrete Compressor Foundation', Kanok-Nukulchai, W (ed.), Second East Asia-Pacific Conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 11-13 Jan. 1989, pp 751-756. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL Kohoutek, R and Seevarantnam, K, 'Response of Railway Track Subjected to AND MINING Moving Load', (ed.) Nasley, M A, Structural ENGINEERING Dynamics Symposium, Universitii Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Aug. 1989, pp 6. Kohoutek, R and Campbell K D, 'Analysis of Spot Replacement Sleepers, The 4th Inter­ BOOKS EDITED national Heavy Haul Railway Conference, Brisbane, Sep. 1989, pp 6. Baafi, E Y (ed.). Proceedings 21st Century Boyd, M J and Bufill, M C, 'Determining Loo, Y C, 'Development of an Integrated High Production Coal Mining Systems the Flood Response of Urbanising Package for Design of Reinforced Concrete Symposium, The AusIMM (Illawarra Catchments', ANZAAS Centenary Congress, Flat Plates on a Personal Computer', Branch), WoUongong, NSW, Apr 1988, pp Sydney May 1988, pp 6. Structural Engineering and Construction: 349. Boyd, M J, Bates, B C, Cordery, I and Achievements, Trends and Challenges, Sivakumar, M (ed.), 'Industrial Water and Pilgrim, D H, 'PC. Programs for Flooding Proceedings of EASEC-2, Chiangmai. Its Cost', Proceedings Water Research and Drainage', Institution of Engineers ThaUand, Jan. 1989, pp 249-254. Foundation of Australia, Illawarra Regional AustraUa, WATERCOMP Conference on Lowe, S L and Sivakumar M, 'Numerical Committee, University of WoUongong, 1988. Computing in Civil Engineering, National Simulation of Flow in Sedimentation Basins', Conference Publication 89/8, 1989, pp Proceedings WATERCOMP '89, The First BOOK CHAPTERS 99-103. Australasian Conference in Technical Chowdhury, R N, 'Practical Aspects of Boyd, M J and Sivakumar M and Bertakis, Computing to the Water Industry, I.E. Probabilistic Studies for Slopes' in Walker, B E, 'A Comparison of Design Flood Aust./ACADS, Nat. Conf. Pub. No. 89/8 and Fell, R (eds). Soil Slope Instability and Estimation Methods', Institution of Engineers Suppl., Melbourne, 1989, pp 14-16. Stabilisation, A.A. Balkema, 1988, pp Australia, 5th National Conference on Local Lowe, S L and Sivakumar M, 'Modelling 299-305. Govt. Engg. 1989. Turbulent Incompressible Flow Using an Thompson, R G and Young, W, 'Exploratory Boyd, M J, Sivakumar, M, et al., 'A Explicit Finite Difference Technique', Data Analysis using Microcomputers', (eds) Comparison of Design Flood Estimation Proceedings International Conference on Newton, P W, Taylor, MAP and Sharp, R, Methods', Proceedings 5th Local Government Computational Techniques and Applications Desktop Planning, Chapter 7, pp 73-84, Engineering Conference, Institution of (CTAC'89), Griffith University, Brisbane, Hargreen Publishing Co., Melbourne, 1988. Engineers, Sydney, 1989. 1989. Thompson, R G and Young, W, 'Data BufiU, M C and Boyd, M J, 'Effect of Lowrey, M J, 'Animated Vibrations: Further Analysis using Microcomputers', (eds) Urbanisation on Catchment Lag Parameters', Developments', Proceedings 11th Australasian Newton, P W, Taylor, MAP and Sharp, R, Institution of Engineers Australia, National Conference on the Mechanics of Structures Desktop Planning, Chapter 8, pp 84-99, Symposium on Hydrology and Water and Materials, Auckland, Aug. 1988, pp Hargreen Publishing Co., Melbourne. Resources, Christchurch, NZ, 1989. 127-131. Montgomery, D G and Wang, G C, 'Instant Bufill, M C and Boyd, M J, 'A Flood Study Chilled Steel (I.C.S.) Slag as an Aggregate in JOURNAL ARTICLES of Three Urban Catchments Near Sydney', Concrete', Third International Conference on Arenicz, R M, Chowdhury, R N, 'Laboratory Institution of Engineers Aust., Hydrology Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Investigation of Earth Walls Simultaneously and Water Resources Symposium, Canberra, Pozzolans in Concrete, Trondheim, Norway, Reinforced by Strips and Random National Conference Publication 88/11, June 1989. Reinforcement', Geotechnical Testing 1988, pp 211-215. Nguyen, V U and Baafi, E Y, 'Expert Joumal, ASTM, Vol. 11, No. 43, 1988, pp Chowdhury, R N, 'Aspects of the Vajont 241-247. Systems and Coal Mining', Proceedings 21st Slide', Proc. Intemational Conference on Century Higher Production Coal Mining Aziz, N I, Johnston, A J and Craft, T, 'Dust Dam Failures, Purdue University (USA), Systems Symposium, The AusIMM (Illawarra Suppression in Coal Mines Using Sprayed Engineering Geology, 1988, 24, pp 533-540. Branch), WoUongong, NSW, Apr 1988, Screens', Mining Science and Technology, Chowdhury, R N, 'Analysis Methods for pp 248-253. No. 8, 1989, pp 177-188. Assessing Landslide Risk —Recent Develop­ Boyd, M J and Bufill, M C, 'Determining Nguyen, V U Parameter Identification for ments', Proc. Fifth International Symposium the Unified Model of Methane Gas Flow in the Flood Response of Urbanising on Landslides (ISL-1988), Lausanne, Switzer­ Catchments', SEARCH, Vol. 19, No. 5/6, Coal', Proceedings VI International land, Vol. 1, 515-525. Conference on Numerical Methods in 1988, pp 286-288. Chowdhury, R N and Zhang, S, 'Prediction Geomechanics, Innsbruck (Austria), Apr. Kohoutek, R, 'Serviceability Performance of of Critical Slip Surfaces', Proc, Fifth 1988, pp 1937-1945. Steel Joints, Steel Construction', Australian Australia-New Zealand Conference on Osei-Tutu, S, Baafi, E Y and Mackenzie- Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 22, No. Geomechanics, Sydney, Australia. Wood, P 'RESCUEKnowledge Based Expert 3, Aug. 1988, pp 3-11. Falamaki, M and Loo, Y C, 'Ultimate Load System for Mine Rescue Operations Based Lowrey, M J, 'Microcomputer Simulation of Test of a Half-Scale Reinforced Concrete Flat on Gas Analysis', Proceedings 21st Century Structural Vibrations, Computers and Plate with Spandrel Beams', Proceedings, Higher Production Coal Mining Systems Education', Vol. 12, No. 3, 1988, pp 391-400. 11th Australasian Conference on Mechanics Symposium, The AusIMM (Illawarra Nguyen, V U, 'A FORTRAN Program for of Structures and Materials, University of Branch), WoUongong, NSW, Apr 1988, pp Modelling Methane Gas Desorption from Auckland, New Zealand, Aug. 1988, pp 254-260. Coal', Computers and GeoSciences, Vol. 15, 282-288. Pilgrim, D H, Boyd, M J and Knee, R M, No. 5, pp 510-519. Falamaki, M and Loo, Y C, 'Failure 'Upstream Routing of Floods', Institution of Porter, I and Aziz, N I, 'Longwall Facelines: Mechanisms of Reinforced Concrete Flat Engineers Australia, National Symposium on Geology, Convergence and Powered Support Plates with Spandrel Beams', Structural Hydrology and Water Resources, Christ- Rating', Mining Science and Technology. No. Engineering and Construction: Achieve­ church, NZ, 1989 (paper submitted). 7, 1988, pp 243-252. ments, Trends and Challenges, Proceedings Rahman, A F and Sivakumar M, 'A Review of EASEC-2, Chiangmai, Thailand, Jan. Salaheldin, M and Schmidt, L C, 'Linear of Health Implications of Lakes and 1989, pp 84-89. and Non-Linear Response of a Simple Box Reservoirs in the Tropics', Proceedings Girder',/ Cons. Steel Res., Vol. 13, No. 1, Grivas, D A and Chowdhury, R N, 'Two and Intemational Association of Impact 1989, pp 43-69. Three-Dimensional Progressive Failure of Assessment (lAIA '88), Griffith University, Slopes: Model Development and Implemen­ Brisbane, 1988. Thompson, R G and Young, W, 'Transtat; A Microcomputer Program for Fitting Traffic tation', Proc. Fifth Intemational Symposium Samarin, A and Montgomery, D G, 'Bond Distributions', Transport Research Record, on Landslides (ISL-1988), Lausanne, between Hardened Cement Paste and Flat Transportation Research Board, US Academy Switzeriand, Vol. 1, 643-649. Metal Plates', Uth Australasian Conference of Science, Washington DC, 1989. Guo, H, Standish, P, Schmidt, L C and on Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Aziz, N I, 'A Method of Mechanical Auckland, New Zealand, Aug. 1988 CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Efficiency Analysis for Rotary Drag Bits', pp 181-184. Second International Conference on Mining Schmidt, L C, Aziz, N I and Guo, H, PAPERS Machinery Brisbane, 1988, pp 322-326. "Mechanics of Rock Drilling, Cutting and Arenicz, R M, Chowdhury, R N, 'Geometry Kohoutek, R, Dynamic Performance of Steel Future Development', 21st Century Higher of Internal Failure of Reinforced Earth Frame with Semi-rigid Joints', (ed.) Ligon, Production Coal Mining System Symposium, Walls', Proceedings of the 5th Australia-New J B, Twenty-first Midwestern Mechanics Con­ WoUongong, 1988, pp 221-231. Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, ference, Michigan Technological University, Sydney I.E. Aust., 1988, pp 446-450. Houghton, Michigan, Aug. 1988.

81 Schmidt, L C and Wu, Y J, 'The Effect of Thompson, R G and Young, W, 'Deter­ Piatt, D and Magdy, M A, 'Adaptive control Bulk Material Deformation of Yield mining the Parking Need and Traffic using switched capacitor filters', Information Characteristics on Pressures in Silos', Third Generation of Shopping Facilities', Processing Letters. Vol. 28, No. 5, 1988, pp Intemational Conference on Bulk Materials Proceeding of the Australasian Transport 231-234. Research Forum, Perth. Storage, Handling and Transportation, Uys, P C, Morrell, D F Bradlow, H S and Newcastle, NSW, June 1989. Wong, Y W, Tests on Two Types of Rametti, L B, 'Self-tuning, micro­ Unconventional Composite Beams', Proceed­ Schmidt, L C and Lu, J P, 'Procedures for processor-based closed-loop control of ings 11th ACMSM, University of Auckland, Determining the Stability of Space Truss atracurium-induced neuromuscular NZ, Aug. 1988, pp 197-199. Systems', 11th Australasian Conference on blockade', British Joumal of Anaesthesia, Yang, Y, Loo, Y C and Best, R, 'Behaviour Vol. 61, 1988, pp 685-692. Mechanics of Structures and Materials, of Stanwell Park Viaduct —a Multispan University of Auckland, NZ, Aug. 1988, pp Brick Masonry Arch System on Tall Piers', 301-305. CONFERENCE PAPERS Proceedings, 8th International Brick/Block Barr R A and Piatt, D, 'Voltage regulation Schmidt, L C and Salaheldin, M, Masonry Conference, Trinity College, in power transformers by control of leakage 'Transverse Flange Stresses in a Simple Box Dublin, Ireland, Sep. 1988, pp 1759-1767. flux', IEEE Conference in Electromagnetic Girder', Thin Walled Structures-The N W Young, W and Thompson, R G, 'Computer Field Computation, Washington, USA, Dec. Murray Symposium, Monash University, Graphics in Transport', Proceedings 1988. Melbourne, Nov 1988. AUSGRAPH 88, Australasian Computer Schmidt, L C and Wu, Y H, 'Automation in' Graphics Association, Melbourne, 1988, Basu, P R, Russell, A R and Trott, G W, Measurement and Data Processing of Silo pp 167-73. 'Extracting 3-Dimensional Surface Features from Tactile Data', Proc. 19th ISIR, Sydney, Wall Pressures', Third International Young, W and Thompson, R G, 'The Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Nov. 1988, pp 908-920. Jarvis, R H-Editor Application of New Technology in Teaching Australia. Handling and Transportation, Newcastle, Statistics to Traffic Engineers', Proceedings, NSW, June 1989, World Conference on Engineering Education Bradlow, H S, 'Playout Synchronisation for Schmidt, L C, Wu, Y H and Lu, J P 'Effect for Advancing Technology, Institution of Real-Time Services over Packet Networks', of Tectonic Stress on the Stability of Slopes', Engineers, Australia, National Publication Third Australian Teletraffic Research Second Large Open Pit Mining Conference, No. 89/1, 1989, Vol. 1, pp 236-241. Seminar Telecom Australia Research Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Apr 1989, pp Laboratories, Melbourne, Nov. 1988. 217-220. Bradlow, H S and Hall, S C, 'The Design of Schmidt, L C, Wu, Y H and Lu, J R an Integrated Voice/Data Terminal and 'Application of Non-tension Elastic-Plastic Voice Transport Protocol', 3rd ATERB Finite Element Model to Stability Analysis of Workshop on Fast Packet Switching, Telecom Masonry Stmctures', FEMCAD-89, Sixth Australia Research Laboratories, Melbourne, SAS-World Conference, Institute for 1988. Industrial Technology Transfer Paris, Oct. Chicharo, F M and Magdy, M A, 'Adaptive 1989. DEPARTMENT OF integral pulse frequency modulation for drug Schmidt, L C, Cook, G and Lu, J P 'Effect administration', Proc. IEEE ASSPA 89, of Brittle-Type Slip Behaviour in Friction ELECTRICAL AND Adelaide, 1989. Grip Joints', International Colloquium, COMPUTER Chicharo, J F and Ng, T S, 'A modified Bolted and Special Structural Connections, gradient-based adaptive notch filter model lABSE, Moscow, USSR, May, Vol. 1, 1989, ENGINEERING structure', Proc. IEEE Australian Symposium pp 19-23. on Signal Processing and Application, Schmidt, L C and Wu, Y H, 'Computer JOURNAL ARTICLES Adelaide, Apr 1989. Simulation of Dynamic Pressures Exerted by Coowar F and Hoole, P, 'Discharge Broken-ore in Underground Storage Cook, C D, 'Industrial robot instaUation — characteristics of alga-contaminated string case studies in Australia', Metal Trade Structures', Symposium on Computer System insulators in the tropics', Intemational Industry Association and National Industry in the Australian Mining Industry, WoUon­ Joumal of Electrical Power Systems Extension Service Robots for Manufacturing gong University, NSW, Sep. 1989 (in press). Research. Vol. 15, No. 3, 1988, pp 215-218. Seminar Sydney, Sep. 1988. Schmidt, L C, 'Erection of Space Trusses of Coowar F and Hoole, P, 'Review of lightning Cook, C D, 'Practical advanced manufac­ Different Forms by Tensioning of Near investigations at the University of turing'. Advanced Manufacturing Technology Mechanisms', lASS Congress, Madrid, Sep. Technology, Part 1: General Statistics', Workshop (organised by DITAC), Canberra, 1989. Joumal of the Society of Professional Oct. 1988. Sivakumar M, Woodward, J C and Boyd, Engineers. PNG, Vol. 2, 1988, pp 13-24. Coowar F and Robinson, B, 'A student- M J, 'Modelling Stormwater Quality of a Cung, L D and Ng, T S, 'A method of orientated component in an integrated Rural Catchment', Institution of Engineers knowledge acquisition developed in the foundation year engineering course'. World Australia, Conference on Agricultural construction of DESPLATE', Engineering Conference on Engineering Education for Engineering, National Conference Publica­ Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 1, Advancing Technology, Sydney, Feb. 1989, 4 tion 88/12, Dec. 1988, pp 269-272. No. 3. Sep. 1988, pp 181-186. Sivakumar M, 'Industrial Water Treatment pages, published in Proceedings of the Towards 2000', Invited Paper Proceedings Hall, S C and Bradlow, H S, 'The Design of Institution of Engineers, Australia, Vol. 4, Symposium in Industrial Water and Its Cost, a Hybrid Adaptive Quantizer for Speech 1989. Water Research Foundation of Australia, Coding Applications', IEEE Transactions on Coowar F, Hoole, P and Watai, L, 'A Illawarra Regional Committee, WoUongong, Communications, Vol. 36, 1988, pp comprehensive project assignment for the 1988, pp 30-37. 1193-1199. computer and information engineering course', World Conference on Engineering Tague, D, Aziz, N I and Baafi, E Y, 'A Hall, S C and Bradlow, H S, 'A comparison Education for Advancing Technology, Philosophical Approach to 21st Century Coal of 1-bit adaptive quantizers for speech Sydney, Feb. 1989, published in Proceedings Mine Planning', 21st Century Higher Produc­ coding'. Electronics Letters, Vol. 25, 1989, of the Institution of Engineers, Australia, tion Coal Mining Systems Symposium, pp 586-588. WoUongong, 1988, pp 18-23. Vol. 1, 1989. Thompson, R G, 'Knowledge Based-Expert Hoole, P and Coowar F 'Statistics on Coowar F, Hoole, P and Greenwood, P, The Systems in Civil Engineering Data Analysis', tropical lightning and its interaction with lightning flash counter; Papua New Guinean Hadgraft, R and Young, W (eds), Proceed­ power systems', Intemational Joumal of experience'. International Aerospace and ings of Symposium on Expert Systems in Electrical Power Systems, Vol. 16, 1989, Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Civil Engineering, Monash University, pp 63-77. Electricity Oklahoma City, USA, Apr 1988, pp 215-25. 10 pages, published in Proceedings of the Hoole, P Coowar F and Sinniah, S, 'A United States Department of Commerce, Thompson, R G and Vincent, E N, software routine for symmetrical fault National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis­ 'Assessing the Traffic and Economic Impacts calculations for final year undergraduate tration, USA, 1988. of the West Gate Bridge Toll Removal', students'. International Joumal oJ Applied Proceedings 14th Australian Road Research Engineering Education, Vol. 4, No. 6, 1988, Conference, 1988, 14(3), pp 168-76. Evans, P J and Paoloni, F J, 'Isotope and pp 537-545. element separation in a VAC, 17th AINSE Thompson, R G, Taylor MAP and Young, Symposium on Plasmas, Sydney, 1989. \V Traffic Distribution Fitting', Proceedings Magdy, M A, Korzeniowski, K and Jones, 14th Australian Road Research Board H M, 'On-line estimation of low frequency Gondokusumo, H and Ng, T S, 'Subband Conference, 1988, 14(2). pp 206-21. modes in electric power systems', coding of speech using m-band parallel Intemational Joumal of Electric Powers quadrature mirror filters', Proc. 2nd Thompson. R G. Young, W and Taylor Systems Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1988, pp Australian Conference on Speech Science M .\ P, Microcomputer Analysis of \ideo- 149-153. and Technology, Sydney, Nov. 1988, Based Speed and Headway Data', Proceed­ pp 42-46. ings First Intemational Conference on -Magdy, M A and Katupitiya, J, 'A simple .Applications of Advanced Technology in algorithm for self-tuning control of low Transport Engineering, Hendrickson, C and order models'. Proceedings of The Institute Sinha. K (eds), ASCE. San Diego. 1989, of Mechanical Engineers (U.K.), Vol. 202, pp 462 457. No. C4. 1988, pp 301-303.

82 Hu, X, Ng, T S and Hu, H Y, 'Robust self- Kennon, N F, Notowidjojo, B D and Dutme, D P, Van Humbeek, J and Delaey. tuning control for time varying delay Wingrove, A L, 'Origin of Dross in L, 'Transformation Characteristics of Cu-Al- systems', Proc. 8th IFAC Symposium on Galvanizing Processes', Materials Forum, Ni Based Shape Memory AUoys', MRS System Identification and Parameter 13(1), 1989, pp 69. Conference on Advanced Materials, Tokyo, Estimation, Beijing, China, Aug. 1988, pp Kennon, N F, Notowidjojo, B D and June 1988. 282-286, published in System Identification Wingrove, A L, 'Possible Source of Dross Kennon, N, 'New Metallurgical Develop­ and Parameter Estimation, Chen, H F— Formation in Zn-0.1% Ni Galvanizing Editor Pergamon Press, 1989. ments in the Casting of Metals', Conference Process', Materials Forum, 13(1), 1989, Proceedings, 'Castings — Coming of Age', AFI Ming, L and Cook, C D, 'Adaptive pp73. and ADCA, Leura, 1988. computed-torque control of robotic Kennon, N F, Notowidjojo, B D and Plumbridge, W J and Neailey, K, 'Com­ manipulators', International Symposium and Wingrove, A L, 'The Effect of Nickel parison of the High Temperature Mechanical Exposition on Robots, Sydney, Nov. 1988. Additions in Galvanizing of Silicon Properties of Two Batches of Type 316 Containing Steels', SEAISI Quarterly, 18(2), Stainless Steel', Conference on Materials in Ng, T S and Chicharo, J F, An IIR 1989, pp 71. Modem Energy Systems (Bristol), Sep. 1988, structure for digital tunable frequency West of England Metals and Materials response filters, adaptive notch filtering and Kennon, N F, Notowidjojo, B D and Association. line enhancer', Proc. 8th IFAC Symposium Wingrove, A L, 'The Origin of Dross in Zinc on System Identification and Paramater and Zinc-0.1% Nickel Galvanizing Process', Plumbridge, W J, "Materials Engineering — Estimation, Beijing, China, Aug. 1988, pp SEAISI Quarterly, 18(2), 1989, pp 64. the Gateway to Good Design', World Con­ 1049-1053, published in System Identification Kennon, N F, Notowidjojo, B D and ference on Engineering Education for and Parameter Estimation, Chen, H F— Wingrove, A L, 'Zinc-0.1% Nickel Coating Advancing Technology, Sydney, Feb. 1989, Editor Pergamon Press, 1989. of Silicon Steel', Materials Forum, 13(2), pp 650-654. 1989. Ng, T S, 'On-line model order deter­ Standish, N, Fundamentals of Ironmaking mination and parameter estimation', Proc. Plumbridge, W J and Davis, F, 'Anomalous in the Charcoal Blast Furnace', SEAISI 8th IFAC Symposium on System Responses During Fatigue Crack Length Conference, Bali, 1988. Identification and Parameter Estimation, Measurement by the DC Potential Drop Standish, N, 'Unusual Effects of Microwave Beijing, China, Aug. 1988, pp 1434-1440 Method', Fatigue of Engng. Matls. and Irradiation in Granular Materials', First (invited paper), published in System Structures, 11, 1988, pp 241-250. Australian Symposium on Microwave Power Identification and Parameter Estimation, Plumbridge, W J and Davis, F, Applications, WoUongong, Feb. 1989. Chen, H F-Editor Pergamon Pres, 1989. 'Magnetostriction Effects in Crack Length Paoloni, F J, 'Electromagnetic Energy- Measurements', Fatigue of Engng. Matls. REPORT some basics', 1st Intemational Conference on and Structures, 11, 1988, pp 241-250. Dunne, D P, Van Humbeek, J, Stalmans, Microwave Energy in Australia, WoUongong, Plumbridge, W J, 'Materials Australia — Chandrasekaran, M, Van HuUe, D, Delaey, Feb. 1989. First Impressions (Wake up —Catch up or L and Aemoudt, E, A New Shape Memory Piatt, D, 'Permanent magnet synchronous Wind up!)'. Materials Australasia, 20, 1988, Alloy for High Temperature Use with High motor with axial flux geometry', IEEE pp 8-13. Strength- CANTiM-125', Report Conference in Electromagnetic Field Standish, N and He, Q L, 'Effect of Bottom JVHT80/4.5.88 by Katholieke Universiteit, Computation, Washington, USA, Dec. 1988. Blowing on the Metal Drop Generation Leuven, HoUand, 1988. Piatt, D, 'Motors with inertial rotor iron'. Mechanism in the Combined Blowing Motors and Drives Workshop, Sydney, Feb. Converter', ISIJ Intemational, 29(6), 1989. 1989. Standish, N and Tanjung, A F A, Tehve, J and Cook, C D, 'Robot dynamic 'Gasification of Single Wood Charcoal control'. International Symposium and Particles in COj", Fuel, 67, 1988, Exposition on Robots, Sydney, Nov. 1988. pp 666. Standish, N and Womer H K, 'Effect of DEPARTMENT OF Microwave Drying on the Results of Subse­ quent Analytical Tests', Analyst. 114, 1989, MECHANICAL pp 115. ENGINEERING Standish, N and Yang, Y H, 'The Mechanism of Pore Formation and the JOURNAL ARTICLES DEPARTMENT OF Influence of Pore Size on the Reducibility of Basu, A, 'An Improved Solution of a FE203-CaCo3 Composites', Problem of Magneto-Thermo-Elasticity', MATERIALS / Matl.Sci.Letters. 7, 1988, pp 542. Joumal oJ the Italian Association oJ Standish, N and Yu, A B, 'An Analytical- ENGINEERING Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Vol. 23, Parametric Theory of the Random Packing 1988, pp 121-123. JOURNAL ARTICLES of Particles', Powder Technology. 55, 1988, pp 197. Boyd, D, Cooper P and Oreszczyn, T, 'Condensation Risk Prediction: the Addition Chandra, T and Uebel, I, 'Fracture Standish, N, Size Segregation of Sinter in a Behaviour of Cu-Zn-Co and Cu-Zn-Ni Alloys of a Condensation Model to BREDEM', Double Hopper System for Central Charging During Superplastic Deformation', Materials Building Services Engineering Research and Science, 23, 1988. Bell-less Top Blast Furnaces', Trans. Iron Technology, CIBSE Series A, 9(3), 1988, pp Steel Inst, of Japan, 28, 1988, pp 683. 117-125. Delamore, G W and Gibson, M A, Standish, N, Worner H K and Kaul, Hourigan, K, Thompson, M C, Welsh, M C 'Crystallisation of Iron-based Metallic H R, 'Microwave Drying of Brown Coal Glasses: The Coupled Zone Concept', and Soh, W K, 'Prediction of Vortex Agglomerates', / Microwave Power and Materials Science and Engineering A, 101, Shedding from Bluff Bodies in the Presence 1988, pp 135-141. Electromagnetic Energy, 23, 1988, pp 171. of a Sound Field', Fluid Dynamics Research, Standish, N, Worner H K and Obuchowski, Vol. 3, 1988, pp 349-352. Delamore, G W and Gibson, M A, 'Surface D Y, 'Effect of Particle Size in Microwave Jawahir I S, A Survey and Future Crystallisat'on in Melt-spun Metallic Glasses', Drying of Granular Materials', Electro­ Predictions for the Use of Chip Breaking in J Materials Science, 23, 1988, pp 1164-1170. magnetic Energy Reviews. 1, 1988, pp 4. Delamore, G W and Gibson, M A, 'The Unmanned Systems', Int. J. Advanced Influence of Annealing Temperature on CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Manufacturing Technology, IFS Publications Crystallisation Products (UK), Vol. 3, No. 4, Aug. 1988, pp 87-104. in an Fe75SiioB,5 Metallic Glass', PAPERS Jawahir I S, The Chip Control Factor in Machinability Assessment; Recent Trends', Mat.Sci.Tech., 4, 1988, pp 700-706. Buecher U, Hobbs, R M and Harvey, G J, Joumal of Mechanical Working Technology, Delamore, G W, McAuslan, B R, Johnson, 'Corrosion Resistant Steels for the Building Elsevier Publishers, Vol. 17, 1988, pp G, Gibson, M A and Steele, Industry', Civil and Structural Engineers 213-224. J G, 'Cell Growth on Metallic Glasses: The Conference, University of New South Wales, Interaction of Amorphous Metal Alloys with Oct. 1988, pp 44-53. Jawahir I S, The Tool Restricted Contact Cultured Neuronal, Osteoblast, Endothelial Dunne, D P, Misra, S and Chandra, T, Effect as a Major Influencing Factor in Chip and Fibroblast Cells', / Biomedical Materials 'Predictions of Recrystallized Austenite Grain Breaking: An Experimental Analysis', Annals and Research, 1988, 22(10), pp 905-917. Sizes in Hot Rolled C-Mn and Ti HSLA of the CIRP Vol. 37, 1988, pp 121-126. Delamore, G W and Gibson, M A, 'Crystal Steels', International Conference on Physical McLean, A G, 'A Closer Examination of the Morphologies in Cobalt-based Metallic Metallurgy of Thermomechanical Processing Variation of Wall Friction Angle with Major Glasses', accepted by/. Crystal Growth. 1989. of Metals ('Thermec 88'), Tokyo, June 1988. Consolidation Stress', Bulk Solids Handling, Dunne, D P Smith, R and Chandra, T, Vol. 8, No. 4, Aug. 1988, pp 407-411. Kennon, N F, Notowidjojo, B D and 'Precipitation Hardening of Ferrite in HSLA Wingrove, A L, 'Hot Dip Galvanizing—A McLean, A G, 'Wall Friction Governed Steels', International Conference on Physical Short Overview', SEAISI Quarterly. 18(2), Hopper Outlet Dimension Recommenda­ Metallurgy of Thermomechanical Processing 1989, pp 57. tions', Bulk Solids Handling, Vol. 8, No. 5 of Metals ('Thermec 88'), Tokyo, 1988. Oct. 1988, pp 629-633. Kennon, N F, Notowidjojo, B D and Wingrove, A L, 'Identification of Iron- Soh, W K, Hourigan, K and Thompson, silicon Particles Formed During Galvanizing M C. The Shedding of Vorticity from a of Silicon Steels', Materials Forum. 13(2), Smooth Surface', Fluid Dynamics Research 1989, Vol. 3, 1988, pp 122-128.

83 CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Newman, N, Holse, N and Moore, B A, Institution of Engineers, Australia Prepnnts 'Coke Oven Bunker Design and Operation- of Papers, pp 621-625. PAPERS Experiences at Port Kembla', Third Wypych, P W and Amold, P C, 'Plug-Phase Intemational Conference on Bulk Materials Pneumatic Transportation of Bulk SoUds and Arnold, P C and HiU, G L, Predicting the Storage, Handling and Transportation, I,E. the Importance of Blow Tank Air Injection', Discharge Trajectory from Belt Conveyors', Aust., Newcastle, June 1989, pp 5. 14th Annual Powder and Bulk SoUds Third International Conference on Bulk HandUng Conference, Rosemont, Illinois, Materials Storage, Handling and Transporta Shue, L Y, 'A Micro Production Scheduler', USA, May 1989. Proceedings of the tion, I,E Aust., Newcastle, NSW, June 1989 European Simulation Multiconference, Technical Program, Cahners Exposition pp 131-135, Rome, Italy June 7-9, 1989. Group, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA, pp Amold, P C and Gu, Z H, 'The Effect of Siores, E, 'Recent Advances in Engineering 365-378. the Material Level on the Flow Rate from Materials', Proceedings of the 2nd Industrial Wypych, P W and Arnold, P C, 'Recent Mass Flow Bins', Third Intemational Symposium on New Material Developments, Engineering Developments in the Applica­ Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Athens, Greece, Mar 1989, pp 42-51. tion of Pneumatic Pipeline Transport of Handling and Transportation, I.E. Aust., Terziovski, M and Arnold, P C, 'On the Bulk Solids to Australian Industry', National Newcastle, NSW, June 1989, pp 196-199. Effective Sizing and Placement of Air Engineering Conference, Perth, WA, Apr Basu, A and Roberts, M, 'Finite Element Blasters', Third International Conference on 1989. Organised by the I.E. Aust. Preprints Analysis of Heppenstall Vertical Coil Tongs', Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and of Papers, pp 332-341. Proceedings of the Uth Australasian Transportation, I.E. Aust., Newcastle, NSW, Wypych, P W, Arnold, P C and Armitage, Conference on the Mechanics of Structures June 1989, pp 124-130. W R, 'Developing New Methods for the and Materials, Auckland, New Zealand, Pneumatic Transport of Bulk Solids through Tieu, A K and Petre, L, 'The Measurement Aug. 29-31, 1988, pp 361-365. Pipelines', Chemeca 88, Sydney, Aug. 1988. Chen, B G and Tieu, A K, 'Thermal of Non-Uniform and Bi-Axial Residual Stresses Using the Blind Hole Drilling Organised by the I.E. Aust. Preprints of Deformation in Hot Strip Rolling', 2nd Papers, I.E. Aust., pp 652-656. Australasian MSC User's Conference, Sydney, Technique', 11th ACMSM, Auckland, 1988, pp 385-388. Wypych, P W and Arnold, P C, 'Meeting Nov 1988, pp 6. the Demands of Long Distance and Large Desai, M K and McLean, A G, 'Convenient Tieu, A K, 'The Effects of Dynamic Loads Throughput Pneumatic Transportation', Methods to Assess Pneumatic Conveying on Gear Tooth Contact', 5th Intemational Third International Conference on Bulk Characteristics of Powders', Paper presented ASME Power Transmission and Gearing Materials Storage, Handling and at the 3rd Intemational Conference on Bulk Conference, Chicago, Apr 1989, pp 6. Transportation, I.E. Aust., Newcastle, NSW, Materials Storage, Handling and Wheway, R T, 'Professional Orientation —A June 1989, pp 78-83. Transportation, Newcastle, June 1989, pp 6. Subject Dealing with Ethics and Professional Yao, Y and Wu, S M, 'Recursive Robot Egharevba, F E, Siores, E and Fenn, R, Behaviour for Final Year Engineering Calibration by Adaptive Filtering', Proc. of 'In-Process Welding Inspection and Students', WEEAT—World Conference on 1988 USA-Japan Symposium on Flexible Monitoring Using Ultrasound', Proceedings Engineering Education for Advancing Automation, Minneapolis, MN, July 1988, of the 1st International Conference on Weld Technology, Sydney, Feb. 1989. The Vol. 1, pp 101-107. Failures, London, UK, Nov 1988, pp 2.1-2.11. Jawahir I S and Oxley, P L B, 'New Developments in Chip Control Research; Moving Towards Chip Breakability Predictions for Unmanned Manufacture', Proc. 1st ASME Int. Conf. (MI'SS, Atlanta, Georgia, USA), Apr 1988, Vol. 1, ASME Publications, pp 311-320. FACULTY OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES Jawahir I S and Oxley, P L B, 'Efficient Chip Breaking at Reduced Power Consump­ tion—An Experimental Analysis', Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Manufacturing Engineering, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING SCIENCE Brisbane, Australia, May 1988, pp 97-102. Kennedy, O C, Whitaker E A, Wypych, P W and Amold, P C, 'Computer-Aided Determination of Pneumatic Conveying Characteristics, Scale-up data and Reliable Conveying Limits', Third Intemational BOOK Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Hille, R F, Data Abstraction and Program Gray, NAB, 'Prospects for Artificial Handling and Transportation, I.E. Aust., Development using Modula-2, Prentice-Hall, Intelligence in Chemistry', Herman Skolnik Newcastle, NSW, June 1989, pp 150-153. Sydney, 1989. Memorial Symposium, American Chemical McLean, A G, 'Coal Handling Plant — Society, Dallas, 1989. Material Selection for Combined Corrosion JOURNAL ARTICLES Hille, R F, 'Fast Packet Switching: Abrasive Wear', The Institution of Engineers, Fulcher J A and Milway, M J, 'The communication of the future BIT'89', Proc. Australia, Chemical Branch, Queensland Development of a Microcomputer Laboratory of the Berliner Informatik Tage, June 1989, J Division 'Design Against Cortosion' for the Teaching of Real Time Computing', Grabowski (ed.). Symposium, Brisbane, Apr 1989, pp 13. / Electrical and Electronics Engineering, McLean, A G, 'Wall Yield Locus to Wall Australia, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1988, pp 159-167. Hille, R F, 'Communication Across High Friction Angle Variation Complete Analysis Speed Wide Area Backbone Networks', Proc. and Implications', 3rd Intemational Gray, NAB, 'Artificial Intelligence in IFIP WG6.1/6.4 Workshop on Protocols for Conference on Bulk Materials Storage, Chemistry', Analytica Chimica Acta 210, High Speed Networks, IBM Zurich Research Handling and Transportation, Newcastle, 1988, pp 9-32. Labs., 1989. June 1989, pp 4. Gray, NAB, 'Dendral and Meta-Dendral — Korczak, J, Maciaszek, L and Stafford, G, McLean, A G, 'Bulk Material Handling The Myth and the Reality', Chemometrics 'Knowledge Base for Database Design', Proc. Plant Material Selection for Wear', 3rd and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 5, 1988, International Symposium on Database Intemational Conference on Bulk Materials pp 11-32. Systems for Advanced Applications, Seoul, Storage, Handling and Transportation, Nickolas, P and Yost, D, 'The Average 1989. Newcastle, June 1989, pp 5. Distance Property for Subsets of Euclidean Korczak, J, et al., 'Tools for Image Moore, B A and Amold, P C, 'Standardised Space', Arch. Math., Vol. 50, 1988, pp Compression', Proc. Intemational Geoscience Hopper Geometry Design Guidelines for 380-384. and Remote Sensing Symposium, Edinburgh, Mass Flow Storage Bins', MECH 88 1988, pp 1515-1516. Conference on Bulk Materials Handling at CONFERENCES Port FaciUties, I.E. Aust., Brisbane, May Korczak, J, et al., 'User Interface for a 1988, pp 45-50. Fulcher J A, 'On the Apphcation Knowledge-based System', Proc. Intemational of Bit Serial Architectures to the Control of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Moore, B A, UtUisation of Microcomputers a Robot Manipulator', Proc. Electronics '88, Edinburgh, 1988, pp 1171-1174. for Bin Design', Paper presented at the Adelaide, Oct. 1988. Third Intemational Conference on Bulk Korczak, J, et al., 'Teachers Training Materials Storage, Handling and Fulcher J A, 'Laboratory Support for the in Computer Science—A French Approach', Transportation, I.E. Aust., Newcastle, June Teaching of Computer Architectures', World ASCILITE-88 Sixth Annual Conf on 1989, pp 5. Conf. Engineering Education for Advancing Computers in Learning in Tertiary Mourtos, P McLean, A G and Matyear J, Technology, Sydney Feb. 1989, pp 688-690. Education, Canberra, 1988, pp 332-341. Controlled .Moisture Removal from Fruits, Gorton, I, Kerridge, J and Jervis, B, Korczak, J, An Approach to Knowledge- Cereals and Nuts Using Microwave Energy', Simulating Microprocessor Systems Using based System Development' Proc First Australian Symposium on Microwave Occam and a Network of Transputers', IEEE INFOGRYF88. Uniwersytet Szczecinski Power Applications, WoUongong, Feb. 1989, Proceedings Part E 136, 1989, pp 22-28. Kolobrzeg, 1988. PP 14.

84 McKerrow, P and Proctor G, 'Parallel Jefferies, B F, 'Fubini's theorem for Radon Smyth, N F, 'Microwave heating of bodies Algorithms and Architectures for polymeasures'. Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 37 with temperature dependent properties'. Manipulator Kinematics', Proc. Intemational 1988, pp 221-229. Wave Motion, in press. Symposium and Exposition on Robots, Jefferies, B F, 'Cylindrical probabUities and Smyth, N F and HiU, J M, 'High order Sydney, Nov. 1988, pp 1237-1245. the differentiation of vector measures', nonlinear diffusion', / Inst. Math. Appl., Maciaszek, L, Korczak, J, Stafford G and Nagoya Math. / 112, 1988, pp 25-51. 40, 1988, pp 73-86. Krav, S, 'Computer-Assisted Transformation Jefferies, B F, 'Integration with respect to the Smyth, N F and HoUoway, P E, 'Hydraulic of Extended Entity-Relationship-Attribute product of a measure and a closable set jump and undular bore formation on a shelf Model into ORACLE Schema', Proc. function', Nagoya Math, J., 115, in press. break',/ Phys. Ocean., 18 7, 1988, ORACLE Asia-Pacific User Conference, Jefferies, B F, 'Processes associated with pp 947-962. Queensland, 1988. evolution equations', / Fund. Anal., in Sparks, R S, 'A distribution-free method of Maciaszek, L, Stafford, G and Krav, S, 'A press. detecting outliers in regression', Commun. CASE Workbench for Hypersemantic Jefferies, B F and Okada, S, 'Archimedes Statist.-Theor Meth., 17 3, 1988, Database Modelling', Fourth Australian integrals and conuclear spaces', / Austral. pp 705-727. Software Engineering Conf., Canberra, May Math. Soc. (Series A), 46, in press. Sparks, R S, 'Some methods for analysing 10-12, 1989. Kucera, A and Blake, J R, 'Approximate assessments of written examinations'. South Zelinsky, A, 'Environment Mapping with a methods for modelling the growth and African Stat. J., 22 2, 1988, pp 181-218. Mobile Robot Using Sonar', Proc. Australian collapse of cavitation bubbles near Sparks, R S, 'Analysis of a vmtten Joint Artificial Intelligence Conference, boundaries'. Bull. Austral. Math. Soc, examination'. South African J. Higher Educ, Adelaide, Nov. 1988, pp 373-388. in press. 2(2), 1988, pp 78-93. Laird, P G, 'Australia's need for railway WiUis, J R and Hill, J M, 'On heat diffusion reconstruction', Proc. Second National in random laminates', Q. J. Mech. Appl. Infrastructure Conference, 1988, pp 159-163. Math, 41, 1988, pp 280-299. Laird, P G, 'Australian freight railways'. Austral. Railway Hist. Soc. Bull, 39, 1988, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS pp 226-237. Best, J and Kucera, A, 'The boundary DEPARTMENT OF Marchant, T R and Roberts, A J, 'Reflection integral method applied to underwater MATHEMATICS of nonlinear deep-water waves incident onto explosion bubble dynamics', CTAC-89, 1989. a wedge of arbitrary angle', / Austral. Math. Coleman, C J, 'Some boundary integral JOURNAL ARTICLES Soc. (Series B), in press. approaches to the flow of elastic fluids', McDoweU, C and Sparks, R S, 'The muhi- invited paper at the 10th intemational Blake, J R, 'Mathematical theory of variate modelling and prediction of farmers conference on Boundary Element Methods, cavitation bubble dynamics', / Austral. conservation behaviour towards natural proceedings published by the Computational Statist. 30A, 1988, pp 69-89. ecosystems', / Eninr. Manag., in press. Mechanics Publications, 1988. Blake, J R, 'The Kelvin impulse; application Nillsen, R V, Where do universities go from Kucera, A and Blake, J R, 'Computational to cavitation bubble dynamics', / Austral. here? The A-ustralian, 2 Nov. 1988, pp 21. modelling of cavitation bubbles near Math. Soc. Series B, 30, 1988, pp 127-146. Prokop, F P, 'Convergence in neighbourhood boundaries', in Computational Techniques Blake, J R and Kucera, A, 'Coning in oil lattices'. Bull. Atistral. Math. Soc, 40 1989, and Applications C'IAC-87, Noye, J and reservoirs'. The Math. Sci., 13, 1988, pp pp 129-145. Fletcher C (eds). North Holland, 36-47. Prokop, F P, 'Neighbourhood lattices—A Amsterdam, pp 391-400. poset approach to topological spaces'. Bull. Bunder, M W, 'Arithmetic based on Church Laird, P G, 'Australian rail freight Austral. Math. Soc, 39, 1989, pp 31-48. numerals in illative combinatory logic', upgrading options'. Working Paper published Studia Logica, 47, 1988. Shima, A, Tomita, Y, Gibson, D C and by the Centre for Resource and Blake, J R, 'The growth and collapse of Environmental Studies, The Australian Clarke, D J and Elliott, I G, 'Low-frequency cavitation bubbles near composite surfaces', National University, 1989. variation in the seasonal intensity of coastal / Fluid Mech., 203, 1989, pp 199-214. weather systems and sediment movement on Lucas, S K, Blake, J R and Kucera, A, the beachface of a sandy beach'. Marine Sleigh, M A, Blake, J R and Liron, N, 'Water coning in oil reservoirs', CTAC-89, Geology. 79, 1988, pp 23-39. 'State of art; The propulsion of mucus by 1989. cilia'. Am. Rev. Resp. Disease, 137, 1988, Nillsen, R V, 'Piecewise linear functions and Clarke, D J and Elliott, I G, 'Low frequency pp 726-741. changes in sediment volume on the series expansions in terms of Dirichlet and beachface at Warilla Beach, New South Smyth, N F, 'Mean flow induced by the Fejer kernels', Proc. of the Centre for Math. Wales, 1975-1985', Marine Geology, 79, 1988, viscous critical layer in a stratified fluid', / Anal., Austral. Nat. Uni., 16, 1988, pp pp 189-211. Austral. Math. Soc (Series B), 29, 1988, 223-225. pp 352-373. Coleman, C J, 'A contour integral approach OTHERS to some cavity flows of elastic fluids', / Non- Smyth, N F, 'Dissipative effects on the Newtonian Fluid Mech., 28, 1988, pp resonant flow of a stratified fluid over Worthy, A L, 'A study of wind stress and 239-253. topography',/ Fluid Mech.. 192, 1988, boundary effects on sea level and coastal pp 287-312. currents', PhD Thesis, 1989. Davy, P J and Guild, F J, 'The distribution of interparticle distance and its application in finite-element modelling of composite materials', Proc. R. Soc. Land. A, 418, 1988, pp 95-112. Elliott, I G and Clarke, D J, 'Semi-diurnal variations in beachface aggradation and degradation'. Marine Geology, 79, 1988, pp 1-22. HUl, J M and Lee, A I, 'Combined com­ pression and torsion of circular cylindrical pads of rubber', / Mech. Phys. Solids, 37, 1989, pp 175-190. Hill, J M and Lee, A I, 'Partial three dimensional deformations for the perfectly elastic Mooney material', / Appl. Math, and Phys. (ZAMP), 40, 1989, pp 128-132. Hill, J M and McNabb, A, 'On the problem of uncoupling systems of linear differential equations', / Austral. Math. Soc. (Series B), 30, 1989, pp 483-501. HiU, J M and Willis, J R, 'Analytical aspects of heat flow in random two component laminates', Q J. Appl. Math., 46, 1988, pp 353-364. Jefferies, B F, 'Perturbations of Schrbdinger semigroups generated by stochastic integrals',/ Fund. Anal., 77, 1988, pp 98-111.

85 Davis, A R and Wright, A E, 'Ascidian FACULTY OF SCIENCE antifouling defenses: surface acidity v secondary metabolites'. Meeting of American Society of Zoologists, San Francisco, CaUfornia, 1988. DEPARTMENT OF Gamett, H M, 'Cytomegalovirus: Its effect on regulation of the immune system'. Pro­ BIOLOGY ceedings 18th Annual Meeting, Australian Society of Immunology, Abstract 6, 1988. Holmes, S and Garnett, H M, 'Recognition BOOK CHAPTERS of human cytomegalovirus induced plasma membrane glycoproteins in embryonic fibroblasts by antisera reactive with the gB Guppy, A and Coles, R B, 'Acoustical aspects Ebbighausen, H, Hatch, M D, Lilley, complex'. Second International Cytomegalo­ of hearing and echolocation in bats', Animal R McC, Kromer S, Stitt, M and Heldt, virus Workshop, San Diego, USA, Abstract Sonar: Processes and Performance. Vol. 156, H W, 'On the function of malate- 56, 1989. oxaloacetate shuttles in a plant cell; Plant 1988, New York, Plenum Press, pp 289-294. mitochondria: Structural, Functional and Hulbert, A J and MacMiUen, R E, 'The Hulbert, A J, 'Cardiac mitochondrial Physiological Aspects', in Moore A L and influence of ambient temperature, seed changes and the development of Beechey, R B (eds). New York, Plenum composition and body size on water balance endothermy'. 2nd International Congress of Publ. Corp., 1987, pp 171-180. and seed selection in coexisting heteromyid Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Hulbert, A J, 'Metabolism and the rodents', Oecologia. 75, 1988, pp 521-526. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, August 1988. Development of Endothermy', in Tyndale- Hulbert, A J and Williams, C A, 'Thyroid Hunt, A and Ayre, D J, 'Geographic Biscoe, C H and Janssens, P A (eds). The function in a lizard, a tortoise and a variation in the sea anemone Oulactis Developing Marsupial. Models for Bio­ crocodile, compared with mammals', Comp. muscosa'. 35th Annual Conference of the medical Research, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, Biochem. Physiol., 90A, 1988, pp 41-48. Genetics Society of AustraUa, 1988. 1988, pp 148-161. Hulbert, A J and Else, P L, "Evolution of Lilley, R McC and Portis, A R, 'Effects of mammalian endothermic metabolism: some sugar phosphates on the activation of JOURNAL ARTICLES mitochondrial activity and cellular ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase'. composition'. Am. J. Physiol., 256, 1989, 14th Annual Midwest Photosynthesis Ariovich, D and Garnett, H M, 'The use of R63-R69. Conference, Turkey Run, Indiana, USA, 31 immunogold staining techniques for detec­ Oct. VI-3, 1988. tion of a bacterium associated with greening Jonusys, A, and Steele, E J, "IgM anti- diseased citrus'. Phytopathology, 79, 1989, erthrocyte auto-antibodies specific for buried Moses, A V and Garnett, H M, 'Effect of pp 382-384. and neo-antigens using cellular-ELISA human cytomegalovirus challenge on expression of MHC class II molecules on Ayre, D J and Willis, B L, 'Population assays', Molec Immunol., 25, 1988, pp human monocytes'. Proceedings 18th Annual Structure in the Coral Pavona Cactus, clonal 535-543. Meeting, Australian Society of Immunology, genotypes show little phenotypic plasticity'. Myer M S, Huchzermeyer H F A K, York, Abstract 99, 1988. Marine Biology, 99, 1988, pp 495-505. D F, Hunter P Verwoerd, D W and Carthew, S M, Ayre, D J and Whelan, R J, Garnett, H M, 'The possible involvement of Moses, A V and Gamett, H M, 'The effect 'High levels of outcrossing in populations of immunosuppression caused by a Lenti-virus of human cytomegalovirus challenge on Banhsia spinulosa and Banksia paludosa', in the aetiology of Jaagsiekte and monocyte antigen presenting function'. Australian Journal oJ Botany, 36, 1988, pp Pasteurellosis in sheep', Onderstepoort J. Vet. Second International Cytomegalovirus 217-223. Res.. 55, 1988, pp 127-133. Workshop, San Diego, USA, Abstract 88, 1988. Coles, R B, Guppy, A, 'Directional hearing Rey, MEG and Garnett, H M, in the bam owl {iyto alba). J. Comp. 'Epidemiological studies of Puccinia Muston, R M, 'The Dynamic Structure of Physiol, 163, 1988, pp 117-133. digitariae and Phyllachora paspalicola on the Hawkesbury Sandstone Plant Community Coles, R B, Guppy, A, Anderson, M B and grasses at Nylsvlei Nature Reserve', S. Afr. J. in Relation to the Objectives of Fire Schlegel, P, 'Frequency sensitivity and Bot.. 54, 1988, pp 551-557. Management'. Ecological Society of directional hearing in the gleaning bat, Steele, E J, 'Observations on offspring of AustraUa, Geraldton, WA, 1988. mice made diabetic with streptozotocin'. Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus 1758)', / Comp SuUivan-Tailyour G, Scramm, D M and Diabetes. 37, 1988, pp 1035-1043. Physiol., 165, 1989, pp 269-280. Garnett, H M, 'The use of concanavaUn A Cooper P D and Steele, E J, 'The Taylor G and Whelan, R J, 'Can honeybees to follow changes in the surface exposure of adjuvanticity of gamma-inulin', Immunol. pollinate Grevilleaf, Australian Zoologist, virus-induced glycoproteins in human Cell Biol., 66, 1988, pp 345-352. 24, 1988, pp 193-196. cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts'. Second Davis, A R, 'Effects of variation in initial van der Meer R and Garnett, H M, International Cytomegalovirus Workshop, settlement on distribution and abundance of Purification and identification of a South San Diego, USA, Abstract 55, 1989. Podoclavella moluccensis Sluiter', / Exp. African isolate of watermelon mosaic Whelan, R J and Muston, R M, 'Fire virus — Morocco', / Phytopathology, 120, Mar Biol. EcoL. Vol. 117, 1988, pp 157-167. Regimes and Management in Southeastern 1988, pp 255-270. Davis, A R, 'Colony regeneration following Australia'. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology damage and size-dependent mortality in the Withers, K W and Hulbert, A J, 'Cold Conference, 27, Florida, USA, 1989. Australian ascidian Podoclavella moluccensis acclimation in the marsupial Antechinus Sluiter',/ Exp. Mar Biol. Ecol.. Vol. 123, stuartii: thyroid function and metabolic rate', 1988, pp 269-285, Aust. J ZooL, 36, 1988, pp 421-427. Davis, A R, 'Contrasting population dynamics and life histories in two popula­ tions of the colonial subtidal ascidian CONFERENCE PAPERS Podoclavella moluccensis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ayre, D J and Dufty, S L, Genetic variation Ser. Vol. 51, 1989, pp 107119. within and among populations of reef Dowton, M and Boelen, M K, 'Acetylcho­ corals'. 35th Annual Conference of the DEPARTMENT OF linesterase converts Met'-enkephalin- Genetics Society of Australia, 1988. containing peptides to Met*-enkephalin', Boelen, M K, Dowton, M and Chubb, I W, CHEMISTRY Neurosci. Lett.. 94, 1988, pp 151-155. 'Enkephalin release and enkephalin- Dowton, M, Kennedy, I R and Wong, M C, precursors in the chicken retina'. In 'The BOOK CHAPTER Localisation of glutamine synthetase in Neurobiology of the Inner Retina', NATO Wallace, G G, 'Chemically Modified fleshy flight muscle'. Insect Biochem., 18, Advanced Study Workshop (Vol. 31), Electrodes', in Edmonds, T (ed.), Chemical 1988, pp 717-727. Oldenburg, West Germany, Springer-Verlag, Sensors. Glasgow, Blackie and Sons, 1988, pp Goldingay, R L and Kavanagh, R P, 1989, pp 469-474. 132-154. Detectability of the feathertail glider Chaplin, J A, Environmental stability and Acrobates pygmaeus (Marsupiaha: the mode of reproduction of the freshwater JOURNAL ARTICLES Burtamyidae), in relation to measured ostracod Candonocypris novaezelandiae'. Burton, P G and von Nagy-Felsobuki, E I, weather variables', Aust. Mammal, 11; 1988, 35th Annual Conference of the Genetics 'Triatomic Hydrogen Cation-A Benchmark pp 67-70. Society of Australia, 1988. Molecule for Computational Chemistry in Goyal, A, Brown, A D and Lilley R McC, Dai, Y, Gamett, H M and Chin, J, the 1990s?', Chemistry Australia, 55, 1988, 'The response of the green halotolerant alga 'Fleecerot dermatitis: Fleece bacteria pp 408-409. Dunaliella to osmotic stress: Effects on interactions and the host immune response'. Burton, P G, Balla, J and Gow, L, pyridine nucleotide contents', Biochim. Aust. Microbiologist, 9, 1988, Abstract "Computers in the Teaching Process and Biophys. Acta. 936, 1988, pp 20-28. P05.4. Software Development; Co-operation the Guppy. .\ and Coles. R B, Acoustical and Davis. A R, Temperature correlates with the Key', Education and Computing 1988 neural aspects of hearing in the gleaning daily release of larvae and their settlement pp 1-21. bats. Macroderma gigas and Nydophilus in a temperate Australian ascidian'. Proceed­ Burton, P G and Senff, U E, 'A CEPA2 gouldi.j. Comp. Physiol . 162: 1988, pp ings of 23rd European Marine Biology Study of the H2-H2 Interaction', Aust. J. 653 668. Symposium, Swansea, Wales, 1988. Physics, 1989. pp 35.

86 Burton, P G, Gow, L and King, R, 'Self- Kane-Maguire, LAP, Mouncher P A and Crisp, P T, Lewis, T W, GuUhaus, M and Instruction Problem-Solving; Is it of benefit Salzer A, 'Kinetics and Mechanism of Eckert, J M, "AppUcation of negative-ion to all learners?', NSW Joumal of Special Addition of Tertiary Phosphines and FAB-MS to the determination of individual Education, 8, 1988, pp 18-22. Phosphites to [Co(C5H5(h5-C8Hn)]+ and homologues of anionic surfactants in natural Burton, P G and Mixon, D, 'Faulty Sensory Related Cobalt Cations', / Organomet. and waste waters'. Eleventh Conference Appreciation', Austat Joumal, 1989, pp 17. Chem., 347, 1988, 383-390. Australian and New Zealand Society for Carver J A, Barber J, Leberman, R and Kane-Maguire, LAP and Kanitz, R, Mass Spectrometry, Brisbane, May 1988. Tebb, G M V, "The molecular basis of 'Organometallic Complexes as Reagents in Crisp, P T, Lao, Y, Korth, J and EUis, J, kirtomycin (mocimycin) action; a 'H NMR Peptide Synthesis and Modification. 'Heterogeneous reactions of 1-pristine study using deuterated elongation factor Tu', [Fe(CO)3(C6H7)]+ (Fed) Group', / catalaysed by clays under simulated / Antibiotics, 41, 1988, pp 202-206. Organomet. Chem., 353, 1988, C33-34. geological conditions'. Australian Organic Geochemistry Conference, Melbourne, May Carver J A, Bazzo, R, Tappin, M J, Pastore, Pyne, S G, Griffith, R and Edwards, M, 1988. A, Harvey, T S and Campbell, I D, 'The 'Conjugate Addition of Amines to (£) and structure of melittin. A 'H NMR study in (2) Chiral Vinyl Sulfoxides. An Garson, M J, Larsen, R, Thompson, methanol', Eur J. Biochem., 173, 1988, Enantioconvergent and Kinetic Process', J E and Bergquist, P R, 'Terpenes as pp 139-146. Tetrahedron Letters, 29, 1988, pp 2089-2092. Structural Components in Sponge Cell Carver J A, Baldwin, G S, Keech, D B, Pyne, S G, Manthey, M and Truscott, R J Membranes; Experimental Evidence from Bais, R and Wallace, J C, 'Inactivation of W, 'The Autoxidation of Cell Separation and Membrane chick liver pyruvate carboxylase by 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid', / Org. Chem., Fractionation; Experiments with the Tropical 1,10-phenanthroline', Biochem. J., 252, 1988, 53, 1988, pp 1486-1488. Marine Sponge Amphimedon sp'. pp 501-507. Commemorative Volume, Silver Jubilee Pyne, S G and Boche, G, 'Stereoselective Meeting Australian Marine Science Ellis, J, Short, S A and Lowson, R T, Reactions of Lithium and Zinc tert-Butyl Association, Sydney, 1988, pp 149-153. •234U/238U and 23oxh/"*U activity ratios in phenylmethylsulphoxide with Carbony! colloidal phases of aquifers in lateritic Compounds and Imines', / Org. Chem., 54, Mockler G M, Butcher R J and Sinn, E, weathered zones', Geochimica et 1989, pp 2663-2667. 'Model complexes for type ll and type III sites in multicopper oxidases. Structure and Cosmochimica Ada, 52, 1988, pp Truscott, R J W Manthey, M K and Pyne, properties of pentanuclear copper complexes 2555-2563. S G, 'Addition of Aliphatic and Aromatic as a model for both the type II and type III Amines to Catechol Under Oxidising EUis, J, Korth, J and Crisp, P T, 'Chemical sites'. Paper Inor, 107, 3rd Chemical Conditions', Aust. J. Chem., 42, 1989, characterisation of shale oil from Duaringa, Congress of North America, Toronto, pp 365-373. Queensland', Fuel, 67, 1988, pp 1331-1335. Canada, June 1988. Ellis, J, Lao, Y, Korth, J and Crisp, Wallace, G G, Imisides, M D and Mockler G M, Butcher R J, Diven, O'Riordan, DMT, 'Metal ion uptake and P T, 'Mineral-catalysed transformations of G W, Erickson, G R and Sinn, E, 'Copper terminal alkenes during pyrolysis', / Voltammetry on a Dithiocarbamate metalloprotein models. Structures and Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 14, 1988, containing polymer modified electrode'. properties of pyridine-N-oxide, phenol and pp 191-201. Analytical Letters, 21 (II), 1988, catechol adducts of binuclear copper (II) pp 1969-1986. EUis, J, Rovere, C E and Crisp, P T, complexes containing an exogenous bridge'. 'Determination of polynuclear aromatic Wallace, G G and Riley, P J, 'A new Paper Inor, 147, 197th American Chemical hydrocarbons in shale oil by low pressure electrochemical sampler', Amer. Lab., 60, 7, Society Meeting, Dallas, Texas, April 1980. liquid chromatography'. Fuel, 68, 1989, 1988, pp 21. Wallace, G G, Lin, Y P and Imisides, M D, pp 249-252. Wallace, G G and Imisides, M D, 'Novel substances for stripping voltammetry'. Garson, M J, Fookes, C J R, MacCleod, J K, 'Deposition and electrochemical stripping of Proc. 7th Aust. Electrochem. Conference, Skelton, B W and White, A H, 'Biosynthesis mercury ions on polypyrole-based modified 1988. of diisocyanoadociane, a novel diterpene electrodes',/ Electroanal. Chem., 246, 1988, Wallace, G G, "Electrochemistry and from the marine sponge Amphimedon sp: pp 181-191. chromatography; a formidable combination'. Crystal structure of a monoamide derivative', Wallace, G G and Lin, Y P, 'Preparation Proc. 7th Aust. Electrochem. Conference, J.C.S Perkin I, 1988, pp 1003-1011. and application of conducting polymers 1988. Garson, M J, Partali, V, Liaaen-Jensen, S containing chemically active counterions for Wallace, G G and Riley, P J, 'New polymers and Stoilov, I L, 'Isoprenoid biosynthesis in analytical purposes', / Electroanal. Chem., for electrochemical sampling', Pittsburgh the marine sponge Amphimedon sp; 247, 1988, pp 145-156. Analytical Conference, 1989. Incorporation studies with [1 ~'^C] acetate, Wallace, G G, Imisides, M D and Wilke, Wallace, G G, 'Chemically modified micro- [4"'''C] cholesterol and [2~^''C] mevalonate', E A, 'Designing chemically modified electrodes'. Intemational Society of Electro­ Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 91B, 1988, electrodes for electroanalysis', TrAC, 7, 1988, chemistry, Glasgow, Sep. 1988. pp 292-300. pp 143-147. Wallace, G G, 'New materials and the Garson, M J, Manker D C and Faulkner Wallace, G G and Bond, A M, 'A newly analytical sciences'. Symposium on Modem D J, 'De novo biosynthesis of polypropionate designed integrated system for long term Analytical Methods, NIHE, Dublin, Sep. metabolites in the marine pulmonate automated on-line HPLC with EC detection 1988. Siphonaria denticulata', J.C.S. Chem. of metals'. Anal. Chem., 60, 1988, Comm., 1988, pp 1061-1062. pp 1357-1360. Garson, M J, 'Biosynthetic studies on marine Wallace, G G, Ge, H, John, R, Meaney, M, natural products'. Natural Product Reports, Smyth, M R and Leonard, R G, 'Differential i 6, 1989, pp 143-170. Pulse Voltammetric study of a typical Griffith, D W T, Wilson, S R, Crutzen, P J, anaerobic adhesive formulation coated on a Schuster G and Helas, G, "Phosgene glassy carbon electrode'. Anal. Chimica measurements in the upper troposphere and Acta. 217, 1989, pp 335-341, DEPARTMENT OF lower stratosphere'. Nature, 334, 1988, Wallace, G G and Ge, H, Electrosynthesis of pp 689-691. chromatographic stationary phases'. Anal. GEOGRAPHY Griffith, D W T, Berger E, Schuster G and Chem.. 61, 1988, pp 198-201. Wilson, S R, 'Matrix-Isolation-FTIR Wallace, G G, Meaney M, Vos, J G and BOOKS spectroscopy with an integrating sphere', Smyth, M R, 'Some analytical applications Mills, K, Illawarra's Naturalised Trees and Mikrochim. Acta, 1988, II, 1988, of polymer modified electrodes'. Analytical Shrubs, Woonona, 1988, pp 97. Proceedings, 26, 1989, pp 15-16. pp 239-241. Winchester H P M and Ilbery, B, Agricul­ Griffith, D W T, Berger, E, Wilson, S R Wallace, G G, 'A question of putting mind tural Change: France and the EEC, London, and Schuster G, 'Spectroscopy of matrices into matter', Univations, 4, 2, Mar/Apr John Murray, 1988, pp 64. and thin films with an integrating sphere', 1989. Applied Spectroscopy, 43, 1989, pp 320-324. BOOKS EDITED Kane-Maguire, LAP and Ghazy, T, CONFERENCE PAPERS MUls, K (ed.), Illawarra Conservation: The 'Kinetics of Nucleophilic Attack on Co­ Investigation and Protection oJ the Natural ordinated Organic Moieties. Part 26. An Burton, P G and Senff, U E, 'Weak and Human Environment in the Illawarra Extended Nucleophilicity Scale for Addition Molecular Interactions'. Invited Paper, 5th Region of New South Wales, WoUongong, to the Cation [Fe(CO)3(C6H7)] + ', / Atomic and Molecular Physics Coriference South Coast Conservation Society/National Organomet. Chem., 337, 1988, pp 47-53. Segment, Bicentennial Intemational Physics Congress, Sydney, 1988. Parks Association, 1988, pp 81. Kane-Maguire, LAP, Evans, S G and Rich, D C and Young, R W (eds). Burton, P G, 'The origin of Personal Gilmore, K, 'Kinetics of Nucleophilic Attack Environment and Development in Australia, Knowledge and Real-Time Neurochemistry; on Co-ordinated Organic Moieties. Part 25. Sydney, Geographical Society of New South A Psychonomic Theory'. XXIV Intl A Nucleophilic Order for Attack upon the Wales, 1988, pp 220. [Fe(CO)3(l 5-h-C7H9)] + Cation',/ Chem. Psychology Congress, Sydney, 1988. Soc, Dalton Trans., 1988, pp 2009-2013. Burton, P G, 'A Psychonomic Theory of the Brain and Learning'. Invited Paper Frontier Forum on Neuronal Mechanisms of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Brain Frontier Research Program, RIKEN, Japan, Wako City 1989.

87 BOOK CHAPTERS Winchester H P M and White, P E, The Crick, I H, Boreham, C J, Cook, A C and location of marginalised groups in the inner Powell, T G, 'Petroleum Geology and Geo­ Bryant, E A, Sea-level variability and its city'. Environment and Planning D: Society chemistry of Middle Proterozoic McArthur impact within the greenhouse scenario', in and Space, 6, 1988, pp 37-54. Basin, Northern Australia II: Assessment of Pearman, G I (ed.), Greenhouse: planning Source Book Potential', Bulletin American for climate change, Melbourne, CSIRO, pp Woodroffe, C D, 'Pacific Island Mangroves; Association of Petroleum Geologists, 72, 135-146. Distribution and Environmental Settings', 1988, pp 14951514. Pacific Science, 41, 1988, pp 166-185. Mills, K. Rare Animals and Rarer Plants: Daulay, B and Cook, A C, 'The petrology of Conserving Our Biological Heritage', in Woodroffe, C D, Bardsley, K N, Ward, P J some Indonesian coals', / Southeast Asian Mills, K (ed), Illawarra Conservation: The and Hanley, J R, Production of mangrove Earth Sci., 2, 1988, pp 45-64. Investigation and Protection of the Natural litter in a macrotidal embayment, Darwin Fergusson, C L, Cas, RAF and Stewart, and Human Environment in the Illawarra Harbour N.T. Australia', Estuarine, Coastal I R, 'Ordovician turbidites of the Hotham Region of New South Wales, WoUongong, and Shelf Science, 26, 1988, pp 1-18. Group, eastern Victoria: sedimentation in South Coast Conservation Society/National Woodroffe, C D, 'Vertical movement of deep-marine channel-levee complexes', Aust. Parks Association, 1988, pp 26-32. isolated oceanic islands at plate margins: J. Earth Sci., 36, 1989, pp 1-12. Mills, K, 'National Parks and Conservation evidence from emergent reefs in Tonga Fergusson, C L and Gray, D R, 'Folding of Reserves in the Illawarra Region', in Mills, K (Pacific Ocean), Cayman Islands (Caribbean angular unconformable sequences and effects (ed), Illawarra Conservation: The Sea) and Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)', on early folds, Tabberabbera district, eastern Investigation and Protection of the Natural Zeitschrift fur geomorphologie, Suppl. Bd69, Victoria, Australia', Tectonophysics, 158, and Human Environment in the Illawarra 1988, pp 17-37. Region of New South Wales, WoUongong, 1989, pp 93-111. South Coast Conservation Society/National Woodroffe, C D, Chappell, J and Thom, B Kim, Hong-Yul and Cook, A C, 'The Parks Association, 1988, pp 40-51. G, 'Shell middens in the context of estuarine bitumen of the Cretaceous Uhangri Mills, K, Rare plants of the Ettrema- development South Alligator River Northern Formation (I): on the hydrocarbon Shoalhaven area of Morton National Park Territory', Archaeology in Oceania. 23, 1988, generation potential of the source rocks', and adjacent areas. New South Wales', in pp 95-103. Joumal of the Geological Society of Korea, Fitzroy Falls and Beyond, Eastwood, The Young, R W and Young, ARM, 'Altogether Special Issue, 1988, pp 246-261. Budawang Committee, 1988, pp 313-316. barren, peculiarly romantic; the sandstone Kim, Hong-Yul and Cook, A C, 'The Nanson, G C, Young, R W, Price, D M and lands around Sydney', Australian geographer, bitumen of the Cretaceous Uhangri Rust, B R, 'Stratigraphy, sedimentology and 19(1), 1988, pp 9-25. Formation (II): on the generation and late-Quatemary chronology of the channel migration of the ozocerite', Joumal of the Young, R W, 'Quartz etching and sandstone country of western Queensland', in Warner Geological Society of Korea, 24, 1988, pp karst: examples from the East Kimberleys, R F (ed.), Fluidal Geomorphology of 113-126. Northwestern Australia', Zeitschrift fur Australia, Sydney, Academic Press, 1988, pp Geomorphologie, 32, 1988, pp 409-423. Wright, A J and Chatterton, B D E, 'Early 151-175. Devonian trilobites from the Jesse Limestone, Nanson, G C and Erskine, W D, 'Episodic New South Wales, Australia', / Paleontology, changes of channels and floodplains in New 62, 1988, pp 93-103. South Wales', in Warner R F (ed.). Flu-vial Geomorphology of Australia, Sydney, CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Academic Press, 1988, pp 201-221. PAPERS Wilson, M G A, 'Prisoners of Time and Fergusson, C L, Henderson, R A and Space?', in Jagtenberg, T and D'Alton, P DEPARTMENT OF Leitch, E C (eds), "Tectonostratigraphic (eds). Four Dimensional Space, Class, terranes and subduction complex melange, Gender, Ethnicity and Nature, Artarmon, GEOLOGY northern New England Orogen, Central Harper and Row, 1989, pp 210-216. Queensland', in Kleeman, J D (ed.). New Winchester H P M, 'The structure and BOOKS EDITED England Orogen—Tectonics and impact of the postwar rural revival; Isere', in Fergusson, C L (ed.), 'Tabberabbera Zone', Metallogenesis, 1988, pp 32-41. Ogden, P E and White, P E (eds). Migrants in Douglas, J G and Ferguson, J A, Geology Fergusson, C L, 'Tectonostratigraphic in Modem France: Population Mobility in of Victoria. Geol. Soc. Aust., Vic. Div., terranes in the central Coffs Harbour Block, the Later 19th and 20th Centuries, London, 1988, pp 14-18. north-eastern New South Wales', in Unwin Hyman, 1989, pp 142-159. Fergusson, C L and Gas, RAF, Freestone Kleeman, J D (ed.). New England Orogen — Woodroffe, C D, 'Changing mangrove and Creek-Tabberabbera area', in Douglas, J G Tectonics and Metallogenesis, 1988, wetland habitats over the last 8000 years, and Ferguson, J A (eds). Geology of pp 42-48. Northern Australia and Southeast Asia', in Victoria. Geol. Soc. Aust., Vic. Div, 1988, Garratt, M J and Wright, A J, 'Late Silurian Wade-Marshall, D and Loveday, P (eds), pp 89-90, 100, to Early Devonian biostratigraphy of Northern Australia: Progress and Prospects, southeastern Australia', in McMillan, N J, Vol. 2, Floodplains Research, Canberta, Hutton, A, C, 'The lacustrine Condor oil shale sequence', in Fleet, A J, Kelts, K and Embry, A F and Glass, D J (eds), 'Devonian ANU, North Austraha Research Unit Talbot, M R, 'Lacustrine Petroleum Source of the World', Canadian Society of Monograph, 1988, pp 1-33. Rocks', Geological Society Special Petroleum Geologists, Memoir, 14, 1988. Publication, 40, 1988. Soeka, S, 'Late Jurassic (Upper Tithonian) Radiolaria from the Buton Island, JOURNAL ARTICLES Indonesia', NZ Radiolaria Workshop, 1988, BOOK CHAPTERS University of Auckland, pp 15. Bryant, E A, Roy, P S and Thom, Stewart. I R and Fergusson, C L, 'A Lower B G, 'Australia — an unstable platform for to Middle Ordovician age for the Hotham tide-gauge measurements of changing sea Group, eastern Victoria', Proc. R. Soc. Vict., levels: Discussion, Joumal of Geology 96(5) 100, 1988, pp 15-20. 1988, pp 640-643, Wright, A J, 'First report of Late Devonian Bryant, E A, 'Sea-surface temperature and trilobites from eastern Australia', Proc. Linn. high-tide beach change, Stanwell Park. Soc N.S.W., 100, 1988, pp 27-30. AustraUa, 1943-1978',/ourria/ Coastal Yassini, I and Wright, A J, 'Distribution and Research, 4(2), 1988. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ecology of recent ostracodes from Port Dayal, E, Rural Poverty in India: a Regional Analysis', Joumal of Rural Studies Hacking, New South Wales', Proc. Linn. JOURNAL ARTICLES 5(1), 1989, pp 87-98. Soc. N.S.W., 110, 1988, pp 159-174. Yassini, I and Jones, B G, 'Estuarine Alpar A, Cheng, K S, Pines, D and Shaham, J, 'The Large Glitch from PSR Mills, K, 'The Clearing of the lUawarta Foraminiferal Communities in Lake Rainforests: Problems in Reconstructing Pre- 0355-t-54 and its Postglitch Relaxation', Illawarra, NSW', Proc. Linn. Soc. N.SW., MNRAS. 233, 25, 1988. European Vegetation Patterns', Australian 110, 1988, pp 229-226. Geographer. 19(2), 1988, pp 230-240. Chalabaev, A, Perrier C, Mariotti, J, Moore, Nanson, G C and Young, R W, 'Fluviatile G K G, Deliseo, A, Seargent, D, Beresford, evidence for a period of late-Quatemary JOURNAL ARTICLES A C and McNaught, R H, Supernova 1987A pluvial climate in coastal southeastem in the LMC, Int. Astron. Union Circ. Boreham, C J, PoweU, T G and Hutton, Australia', Pataeogeography. (USA), No. 4481, 1988. A C, 'Chemical and petrographic charac­ Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 66, 1988, terization of the Australian Tertiary Cheng, K S, Alpar A, Pines, D and pp 45-61. Duaringa oil shale deposit'. Fuel, 67, 1988, Shaham, J, 'Spontaneous Superfluid Rust, B R and Nanson, G C, Mud as pp 1369-1377. Unpinning and the Inhomogeneous Distribu­ tion of Vortex Lines in Neutron Stars', bedload in modem and ancient rivers', Cart, P F and Jones, B G, 'Non- Astrophys.J, 330, 835, 1988. Sedimentology. 36. 1989, pp 291-306. contemporaneity in the Marulan BathoUth', Winchester H P .\I. White, P E and Proc Linn. Soc. NSW. 109, 1987, pp 63-67. Ashworth, G, 'Red light districts in the west Cart, P E Jones. B G and Middleton, R G, European city; a neglected aspect of the 'Precursor and formation of Glendonites in urban landscape', Geoforum. 19, 1988 nn the Sydney Basin', Australian Mineralogist, 201-212. ' ^^ 4, 1989, pp 3-12.

88 Cheng, K S, Alpar M A, Pines, D and Skolnick, M S, Nash, K J, Bass, S J, Human Movement and Shaham, J, 'A Model of Pulsar Timing Simmonds, P E and Kane, M J, Noise', Proc. oJ the Int. Conf on Timing 'Photoluminescence Study of the Density of Sports Sciences Neutron Stars, Izmir Turkey, Apr 1988 (ed.) States Between Electron Landau Levels in Ogelman, H, D Reidel Pub. Co., Dordrecht, the Quantum Hall Effect System', Solid State BOOK CHAPTERS HoUand. Commun., 67, 637, 1988. Anshel. M H, 'An information processing Duff, K J, Vickers, REM, Fisher, R Freeth, Skolnick, M S, Nash, K J, Simmonds, approach to teaching motor skills to the C A, Takacs, G J, Wamer A D and P E, Bass, S J and Kane, M J, 'Photo­ elderly', in Ostrow, A (ed.). Aging and McLean, N A, 'Theoretical and Experi­ luminescence Investigation of the Density of mental Piezo-Zeeman Studies of Shallow States between Landau Levels under Motor Behairiour, New York, Benchmark Acceptors in Germanium', Proc. 19th Int. Quantum Hall Conditions', Proc. 19th Int. Press, 1989, pp 342-371. Conf. Phys. Semicond., Warsaw, Poland, Conf. Phys. Semicond., Warsaw, Poland, Anshel, M H, 'Apphed Sport Psychology', 1988. 1988. in Gregory, W L and Bumoughs, W J, Introduction to Applied Psychology. Eaves, L, Payling, C A, Foster T J, Henini, Zealey W J, Williams, P M, SandeU, G, Glenview, 111., Scott, Foresman and Co, M, Hughes, O H, Simmonds, P E, Sheard, Geballe, T and Zinnecker H, 'Velocity 1989, pp 424-456. F W and Toombs, G A, 'Evidence for Profiles of Molecular Emission in Herbig- Sequential Tunnelling and Measurement of Haro Complexes', Vistas in Astron., 31, 479, Boag, A J, 'Recreation Activities Away from Charge Build-Up in Double Barrier 1988. Home', in Ideas for Australian Recreation Resonant Tunnelling Devices', Surface Commentaries on the Recreation Zealey W J, WiUiams, P M, Geballe, T, Participation Surveys, Department of The Science, 196, 1988, pp 404. SandeU, G, Zinnecker H, Mundt, R and Eaves, L, Toombs, G A, Sheard, F W, Arts, Sport, The Environment, Tourism and Taylor K N R, 'The Interaction of Pre-Main Territories, Australian Government Payling, C A, Leadbeater M L, Alves, E S, Sequence Stellar Winds with the Foster TJ, Simmonds, P E, Henini, M, Publishing Service, Canberra, 1989. Surtounding Medium', Vistas in Astron., 31, Pyke, F S, Craig, N P and Norton, Hughes, O H, Portal, J C, Hill, G and Pate, 479, 1989. M A, 'Sequential Tunnelling Due to Inter- K I, 'Physiological and Psychological Sub-band Scattering in Double Barrier Responses of Sprint and Pursuit Track Resonant Tunnelling Devices', Appl. Phys. REPORT Cyclists to a Period of Reduced Training', in Letters, 52, 1988, pp 212. Burke, E R and Newsom, M (eds). Medicine McNamara, B, Barch, S, Pena, J, and Science in Cycling, Champaign, Foster T J, Leadbeater M L, Eaves, L, Thompson, K, Moore, G, Mantegazza, L, Urbana, Human Kinetics, 1988, pp 147-163. Henini, M, Hughes, O H, Payling, C A, Sekiguchi, K and Candy, M, 'Preliminary Sheard, F W, Simmonds, P E, Toombs, results of a World Wide Photometric G A, Hill, G and Pate, M A, 'Current Campaign on Delta Scuti', Bull. Am. Bistability in Double-Barrier Resonant- Astron. Soc, 19, 1988, pp 1053. JOURNAL ARTICLES Tunnelling Devices', Phys. Rev. B 39, 1989, Anshel, M H and Wrisberg, C A, 'Effect of pp 6205. arousal and focused attention on warm-up Freeth, C A, Fisher P and Vickers, decrement', Joumal oJ Sport Behavior, 11, REM, 'The Transverse Zeeman Effect of 1988, pp 18-31. Gallium Impurity in Germanium', Proc. of Anshel, M H, 'Effect of mood and pleasant the Eighteenth Int. Conf. on the Phys. of versus unpleasant information feedback on Semicond., Stockholm, 1986 (ed.) Engstrom, performing a motor skill', Joumal of General O, World Scientific, Singapore, 1987, pp 841. SCHOOL OF HEALTH Psychology, 115, 1988, pp 117-130. Leadbeater M L, Eaves, L, Simmonds, P E, Anshel, M H, 'A field test of efficacy of Toombs, G A and Sheard, F W, 'Magnetic SCIENCES cognitive style in predicting accuracy of Field Studies of Negative Differential volleyball serve'. Perpetual and Motor Skills, Conductivity in Double Barrier Resonance JOURNAL ARTICLE 66, 1988, pp 521-522. Tunnelling Structures Based on Anshel, M H and Hoosima, D, 'The effect Abbey, M and Calvert, G D, 'Effects of n-InP/(InGa)As', Solid-State Elect., 31, 1988, of positive and negative feedbacks on causal blocking plasma lipid transfer protein pp 707. attributions and motor performance as a activity in the rabbit', Biochim Biophys function of gender and athletic Lewis, R A, Fisher P and McLean, Acta. N A, 'Piezospectroscopy of Boron Impurity participation',/ouma/ of Sport Behavior. 5, in Silicon', Institute of Physics Conf. Series, CONFERENCE/SEMINAR 1989, pp 16-26. 95, 95, 1989. Brown, J M M and Bronks, R, The Moore, G K G, 'To Catch a Falling Star', PAPERS electromyographical basis of inaccurate Aust. Nat. Hist., 22, 348, 1988. Avery, A and McDonald, T, 'Private motor performance', European Joumal of Moore, G K G, Beresford, A C, Seargent, enterprise nursing: an augmentation of the Applied Physiology, 58, 1988, pp 132-140. D J and McNaught, R H, 'Supernova 1987A nursing role'. Paper presented at the 3rd Brown, J M M and Bronks, R, 'Influence of in the LMC, Int. Astron. Union Circ. Annual Conference of The Australian Nurse wrist position on the performance of fast, (USA), No. 4474, 1988. Teachers' Society, College of Nursing (NSW), isometric contractions of human hand Glebe, Sep. 1988, pp 109-127. muscles'. Clinical Anatomy, 2, 1989, Moore, G K G, Ihnat, P and Zealey W J, A pp 17-28. New Telescope and Some New Techniques Avery, A, 'Health ecology; a general systems for Public Viewing', Proc. Commun. Astron. model of health and health care'. Paper Chad, K E and Wenger H A, 'The effect of Pub., 1, 39, 1988. presented at 2nd International Symposium exercise duration on the exercise and post- on Systems Research, Informatics and exercise oxygen consumption', Canadian Payling, C A, Alves, E, Eaves, L, Foster Cybernetics, Conference Centre, Congress Joumal oJ Applied Sport Science, 13(4), T J, Henini, M, Hughes, O H, Simmonds, House, Baden Baden, W Germany, Aug. 1988, pp 204-207. P E, Portal, J C, HiU, G and Pate, M A, 1989. 'Investigations of the Negative Differential Dawson, B and Pyke, F S, "Artificially Conductivity and Current Bistability in Martin, M, 'How research can be used to induced heat acclimatization of team game Double Barrier n + Ga As/(A1 Ga) As/Ga ensure safe motherhood'. 8th Annual players with sweat clothing. Part I. As/(A1 Ga) As/n + Ga As Resonant Conference, The NSW Midwives Association Responses to Wearing Sweat Clothing During Tunnelling Devices Using High Magnetic Proceedings, Maitland, NSW, Oct. 1988, Exercise in Cool Conditions', Joumal of Fields',/ Phys. Colloq., 48, 1987, pp 289. pp 27-42. Human Movement Studies, 15, 1988, pp 171-183. Portal, J C, Maude, D K, Foster T J, Eaves, Martin, M, 'The midwife as prenatal L, Nathan, M, Heiblum, M, Harris, J J, educator'. 6th Biennial Conference, Dawson, B, Pyke, F S and Morton, Beall, R B and Simmonds, P E, 'Pressure- Australian College of Midwives Incorporated A R, 'Effects on exercise-heat tolerance of Dependent Studies of the DX Centre in Si Proceedings, Darwin, June 1989, pp 1-12. training in cool conditions in sweat clothing', and Sn-Doped n"'"Ga As', Superlattices and Martin, M, "Improving the future for the Australian Journal of Science and Medicine Microstrudures, 4, 33, 1988. mildly brain injured'. Intemational in Sport, 20(3), 1988, pp 3-10. Ruderman, M and Cheng, K S, 'Evolution Conference on Recovery from Brain Injury, Steele, J R and Milburn, P D, 'The of a Short Period Gamma-ray Pulsar Family; Adelaide, Sep. 1989. mechanics of landing in netball', New Crab, Vela, Cos B Sources, Gamma Ray Partridge, B, 'Nursing as a human science'. Zealand Joumal of Sports Medicine, 16(1), Burst Source', Astrophys. J., 335, 306, 1988. Australian Nurse Teachers' Society 3rd 1988, pp 7-13. Simmonds, P E, Skolnick, M S, Taylor L L Annual Conference, Sydney, Sep. 23 and 24, Steele, J R and Milburn, P D, 'The effect of and Nash, K J, 'Photoluminescence and 1988. different synthetic sport surfaces on ground Magneto-Transport of Wide InGaAs-InP reaction forces at landing in netball', Modulation Doped Quantum Wells', Solid Intemational Joumal of Sport Biomechanics, State Commun., 67, 1151, 1988. 4(2), 1988, pp 130-145. Steele, J R and Milbum, P D, 'Reducing the risk of injury in netball: changing rules or changing techniques', New Zealand Joumal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation. 21(1), 1988, pp 17-21,

89 Wrisberg, C A and Anshel, M H, The Pyke, F S, 'Performance of Children in Kalantzis, M, Slade, D and Cope, B, effect of cognitive strategies on the free- Sport', Tasmanian Bicentennial Sports 'Minority Languages and Mainstream Cul­ throw shooting performance of young Forum, Wynyard, Tasmania, July 1988. ture: Problems of Equity and Assessment', in athletes'. The Sport Psychologist, 3, 1989, Pyke, F S, 'Education of Professionals in the Dejong, John HAL and Stevenson, Douglas pp 89101. Fitness Industry'. NSW Government Physical K (eds), Individualising the Assessment of Activity and Lifestyle Conference, Sydney, Language Abilities, Multilingual Matters, London, 1989. July 1988. CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Pyke, F S, 'Physiological Characteristics of PAPERS Children'. Queensland ACHPER Conference, JOURNAL ARTICLES Brisbane, July 1988. Boag, A J, 'Choices: Recreation and Alcorso, C, 'Migrant Workers and the Leisure—Towards the Future'. ACROD Pyke, F S, 'Physiology of Sports Training'. Workers Compensation System: the Making (NSW) Conference, Homebush, NSW, Oct. Level 2 Coaching Course, Canberra, ACT, of an Ideology', in Australian and New 1988. Aug. 1988. Zealand Joumal of Sociology, Mar 1989. Pyke, F S, Sport into the 1990s'. Open Chad, K E and Quigley B M, 'The effects Castles, S, Cope, B, Kalantzis, M and of substrate utilization, manipulated by diet, Forum by Rothmans Foundation at NSW State Sports Centre, Sep. 1988. Morrissey, M, 'The Bicentenary and the on excess post exercise oxygen consumption'. Failure of the Australian Nationalism', Race Proceedings Intemational Conference on Pyke, F S, 'Fitness Appraisal Workshop'. and Class, Joumal of the Institute of Race Exercise, Fitness and Health, Toronto, Australian Fitness Accreditation Council Relations, London, Vol. XXIX, No. 3, Canada, 1988. (NT), Darwin, Sep. 1988. Winter 1988, pp 53-68. Chad, K E and Quigley, B M, 'Recovery of Pyke, F S, 'Exercising in Hot, Humid Castles, S and Jakubowicz, A, 'Why oxygen debt in trained and untrained Conditions'. Northern Territory Department Objectivity need not lead to Understanding', individuals'. Proceedings The Australian of Education, Darwin, Sep. 1988. Joumal of Inter-cultural Studies, Vol. 9, Sports Medicine Federation Bicentennial Pyke, F S, 'Physiology of Sports Training and No. 1, 1988. National Scientifc Conference, Sydney, Performance'. School of Physiology and Cope, B, 'A Textbook Case: Teaching Australia, Oct. 1988. Pharmacology, University of NSW, Oct. Australian History, from Assimilation to Chad, K E, 'Importance of metabolism and 1988. Multiculturalism', Agora, Vol. 23, No. 2, body fat maintenance'. 1st National Con­ Pyke, F S, 'Research Directions in the vention of the Strength and Conditioning 1988, pp 21-27. Reprinted in Teaching Human Movement Sciences'. Conference on History, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1988, pp 16-20. Association, Sydney, Australia, Nov. 1988. Human Motion and the Environment, Chad, K E, "Post-exercise metabolic rate: its Ballarat, Oct. 1988. Cope, B, 'Communication in a Pluralist practical implications'. Health, Physical Steele, J R, 'Conditioning for Netball'. 1st World; The Problem of Reading Culture', Network for Intercultural Communication Education and Recreation in the Age of National Convention of the National Newsletter Vol. 3, No. 8, 1988, pp 11-27. Technology, ACHPER (Qld) State Con­ Strength and Conditioning Association — ference, Brisbane, Australia, 1988. Australasia, Sydney, Nov. 1988. Cope, B, 'Dawkins' Green Paper: Higher or Milbum, P D, 'The Mechanics of Motor Steele, J R, 'The Biomechanics of Netball'. Hire Education?', Education Australia, No. Control'. Australasian Winter Conference on National Coaching Accreditation Scheme 1, 1988, p 16. Brain Research, Queenstown, New Zealand, (Level II), Indooroopilly, Queensland, 1988, Aug. 1988. Cope, B, 'Nifty Ideas from a Contract and Melbourne, Victoria, 1988. Cleaner: The Debate on Higher Education', Milbum, P D, 'The Rugby Tackle: A Time Steele, J R and Lafortune, M A, 'The Education Australia, No. 2, 1988, pp 7-10. for Review'. Australian Sports Medicine Relationship Between Technique and Federation Conference, Sydney, Oct. 1988. Ground Reaction Forces at Landing in Cope, B, 'Racism in Textbooks; From Milbum, P D, 'The Kinetics of Rugby Union Netball'. Intemational Society of Assimilation to Multiculturalism', Education Scrummaging'. XII Intemational Society of Biomechanics Congress, Los Angeles, June Links, No. 3, Autumn 1988, pp 11-13. Biomechanics Congpress, Los Angeles, June 1989. Cope, B, 'The Fundamentals of Literacy', 1989. Ward, G R, 'From Concept to Application Education, 18 Apr 1988, pp 14-15. Pyke, F S, 'Technology in Sport'. Proceedings (Abstract)'. 7th International Conference on Cope, B and Kalantzis, M, 'Hacking into the of World Expo 88, Brisbane, Australia, July Adapted Physical Activity, Berlin, W Social Forest with Ideological Choplogic: 1988. Germany, June 1989. BuUivant runs across some "Ethnocultural Cope, B and Poynting, S, 'Class, Gender and Diacritria"', Joumal of Intercultural Studies, Ethnicity as Influences on Australian Vol. 9, No. 2, 1988, pp 80-83. Schooling; An Overview', forthcoming in Cole, M (ed.), The Social Contexts of Cope, B and Kalantzis, M, 'Social Literacy: Schooling, The Farmer Press, Brighton, The Challenge of Social Education in the England, 1989. 1980s', Independent Education, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp 37-38. Kalantzis, M, 'Aspirations, Participation and Outcomes; From Research to a Curriculum Cope, B and Kalantzis, M, 'What's in a RESEARCH CENTRES Project for Reform', in Foster V (ed.). Name? Fitzgerald in Multiculturalism', Including Girls: Curriculum Perspectives on Australian Society, July 1988, p 9. the Education of Girls, Curriculum Kalantzis, M, 'Education Basics', Education, Development Centre, Canberra, 1988, pp 18 Apr 1988, p 17. CENTRE FOR 37-46. Kalantzis, M, 'Ethnic Affairs in New South Kalantzis, M, 'Ethnicity Meets Class Meets Wales', Migration Action, Vol. X, No. 3, MULTICULTURAL Gender in Australia', in Watson, S (ed.), pp 7-10. STUDIES A-ustralian Feminist Interventions, Verso, Kalantzis, M, 'Ticket to Ride: Credentials in London, 1989. the Late Twentieth Century', Education BOOKS Kalantzis, M, 'The Cultural Deconstruction Australia, No. 3, 1988, p 5. of Racism: Education and Multi-culturalism', Kalantzis, M and Cope, B, 'Why We Need Castles, S, Cope, B, Kalantzis, M and in DeLepervanche, M and Bottomley, G Mortissey, M, Mistaken Identity: Multi­ Multicultural Education: A Review of the (eds). The Cultural Construction of Race, "Ethnic Disadvantage" Debate', Joumal of culturalism and the Demise of Nationalism Sydney, 1988, pp 90-98. in Australia, Sydney, Pluto Press, 1988. Intercultural Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1988, pp Kalantzis, M and Cope, B, Literacy in the 39-57. BOOK CHAPTERS Social Sciences', in Christie, F (ed.), A Fresh Kalantzis, M, Cope, B and Issaris, M, Look at the Basics, Australian Council for 'Culture and Merit', Joumal of Intercultural Castles, S, 'A New Agenda for Multi­ Educational Research, Melbourne, 1989. Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1988, pp 65-79. culturalism', R Potter (ed.). Adult Education in Multicultural Australia, Sydney CAE, 1987. Castles, S, 'From Temporary Migration to Ethnic Minorities; The Federal Republic of Germany', in Migration, Ethnicity and .Migration. Geelong, Deakin University, 1989. Cope. B and Kalantzis, M, 'Cultural Differences and Self-Esteem: Alternative Curriculum Approaches', Kenway, J and Willis, S (eds), Hearts and Minds: Self- Esteem and the Schooling of Girls. Department of Employment, Education and Training, Canberta, 1988, pp 151-166.

90 CONFERENCE/SEMINAR Centre for Multicultural Studies, University PAPERS of WoUongong, Oct. 1988. Castles, S, Mortissey, M and Pinkstone, B, Alcorso, C, 'Migrant Workers and Workers' 'Migrant Employment and Training and Compensation', in Conference Proceedings, Industry Restructuring'. Canberra, Office of National Ethnic Health Policy Conference, Multicultural Affairs, Policy Option Paper SA Department of Health, 1988. 1987. Cope, B, 'Culture By Whom and for Whom? The Arts in a Multicultural Society', Kalantzis, M, Noble, G and Cope, B, 'The Proceedings, National Conference: Arts Camivale Schools Writing Project Report'. Policy for a Multicultural Society: Towards NSW Ministry of the Arts, Sydney, 1988, Cultural Democracy, Adelaide. pp 98. Morrissey, M, Alcorso, C, MitcheU, C, REPORTS Newell, P and Stillson, L, 'The Ethnic Affairs Program: Strategies for Evaluation'. Alcorso, C, 'Migrant Workers and Workers' Centre for Multicultural Studies, University Compensation in NSW'. Social Research of WoUongong, 1988. Centre Reports and Proc. No. 71, Morrissey, M and Mitchell, C, 'Females and Kensington, 1988. Ethnic Minorities; Attitudes to Defence'. Castles, S, 'Possible Social Impacts of Centre for Multicultural Studies, University Alternative Immigration Scenarios, of WoUongong, Sep. 1988. Immigration; a Commitment to Australia — Morrissey, M, MitcheU, C and Stillson, L, Consultants' Report', Canberta, AGPS, 1988. 'Working Age Parents Study'. Centre for Castles, S, 'Temporary Migrant Workers — Multicultural Studies, University of Economic and Social Aspects, Immigration; WoUongong, Mar 1988. a Commitment to Australia —Consultants' Noble, G, Kalantzis, M and Cope, B, Report', Canberra, AGPS, 1988. 'Opening Doors: Leaming Culture and the Castles, S, Mitchell, C and Morrissey, M, Culture of Learning'. A Report on the Pilot 'Submission Paper for the Women's Advisory TAFE Australian Studies Access Course, Council to the Committee of Enquiry into TAFE National Centre for Research and Recognition of Overseas Qualifications'. Development, Adelaide, 1988, pp 119.

CENTRE FOR WORK AND Hale, K, with Jackson, J G, The Australian Corporate Law Data Base, CLIRS Ltd, LABOUR MARKET Sydney. A comprehensive data base on Australian corporate law cases and joumal STUDIES articles, available throughout Australia on the national computerised legal iirformation BOOKS retrieval system run by CLIRS Ltd, Sydney. Markey, R, The Making of the Labor Party Continuously updated. in New South Wales, 1880-1900, NSW Hale, K, Projessional Performances/ University Press, Sydney 1988, pp 327. Exhibition, 1988. On the occasion of the Law Foundation of New South Wales' 20th Markey, R, Employee Responses to Anniversary, the Foundation held a function Technological Change in State Employment: for the judiciary, state cabinet and shadow A Case Study of NSW, Centre for Work and cabinet, senior members of the legal Labour Market Studies, Riverina-Murray profession and other important community Institute Press, 1988, pp 135. figures. The Foundation requested us and we Markey, R, Industrial Democracy at Port agreed to set up a display of the Australian Kembla, AGPS, Canberra, 1988, pp 105. Corporate Law Data Base at this function, Markey, R, Industrial Consultation for as an example of one of the significant Regional Development. The Port Kembla projects that the Foundation was supporting Harbour Task Force, AGPS, Canberra, 1988, in the area of the application of high- pp 18. technology to the law, Sydney, Feb. 1988. Markey, R, Changing Patterns of Work and Markey, R, 'Trade Unions, Technological Pay, Centre for Work and Labour Market Change and Industrial Democracy in Studies, Riverina-Murray Institute Press, Australia', in Markey, R (ed.). Changing 1988, pp 120. Work Practice in Industrial Relations, Markey, R, Changing Work Practices and Riverina-Murray Institute Press, 1988, pp 18. Industrial Relations, Centre for Work and Markey. R, 'Industrial Democracy, Port Labour Market Studies, Riverina-Murray Kembla-style', Work and People, 1988, p 9. Institute Press, 1988, pp 150. Markey, R, Industrial Disputes in the CHAPTERS IN BOOKS Illawarra; Myths and Statistics', Work and People, 1988, p 5. Hale, K, with Jackson, J G, The Australian Corporate Law Reference. A Digest of Cases Markey, R, The "Aristocracy of Labour" in and Joumal Articles 1986-1987, 1988, Legal Sydney 1880-1900', Australian Economic Books, Sydney, pp i-xix, 1-162. History Review, Vol. 28, No. 1, Mar 1988, Wells, A, Australian Intellectuals and pp 20. Intellectual Movements, OUP, Melbourne, Markey, R, 'Trade Unions, the Labor Party, 1988, pp 322-346. and the Establishment of Compulsory State Wells, A, with Davidson, A B, 'Carving up Arbitration in NSW and the the Country', Ch. 4, in Burgmann, V and Commonwealth, 1890-1910', in Macintyre, S Lee, J (eds), A Most Valuable Acquisition, and Mitchell, R (eds). The Foundations of Penguin, Melbourne, 1988, pp 42-56. Arbitration in Australia, Oxford University Press, Melboume, 1988, pp 20. Wells, A, 'Cities of Capital', in Davidson, J (ed.). The Sydney-Melbourne Mitchell, W, 'Governor Bourke and the 3 Book, Allen and Unwin, 1986, pp 64-78. Rs; Wollongong's First Government School' in I.H. Soc. Bulletin, Sep. 1988. JOURNAL ARTICLES Mitchell, W J B Nicholson entry Australian Castle, J, 'Practising Paternalism; Female Dictionary of Biography, 1988. Factory Workers between the Wars', Oral Nyland, C, 'Weak Bodies, Strong Wills; The History, 1988 (OHAA, Journal No. 11). Empirical Evidence for Marx's Theory of Worktime', Studies in Political Economy. Vol. 25, Spring 1988, pp 75-105. Wells, A, 'From Labour History to Capital History', A.L. Review. 1988, pp 37-40, Late arrival overleaf

91 DEPARTMENT OF CONFERENCE/SEMINAR HISTORY AND POLITICS PAPERS Castle, J A and Jones, J A, 'Women in BOOK CHAPTERS Higher Education: Change in the 80s', Proceedings History of Women and Beresford, M, Vietnamese Trade with the Education Conference, University of non-Communist World' in Peter Limqueco WoUongong, June 1988. (ed.). Partisan Scholarship: Essays in Honour of Renato Constantino, Mamla and Hagan, J S, The Study of Work and Labour WoUongong, Journal of Contemporary Asia Relations in Local History', paper read to Publishers, 1989, the Royal Australian Historical Society Emu Plains, Aug. 1988. Hagan, J S, 'The Australian Union Movement; Context and Perspective, Hagan, J S, 'Origins to Office: The Labor 1850-1987', in Bill Ford and David Plowman Party in New South Wales, 1891-1910', paper (eds), Australian Unions An Industrial read to the Pacific Conference of Labour Relations Perspective, second edition. South Historians, Sydney, Dec. 1988. Melboume, MacmiUan, 1989, pp 18-48. Hagan, J S, 'Australian Trade Unions in the Hagan, J S, 'The Labour Movement', in Tom Melting Pot?', paper read to the Japan Jagtenberg and Phillip D'alton (eds), Four Institute of Labor and the Economic Society Dimensional Social Space, Sydney, Harper of Keio University (by invitation), Dec. 1988. and Row, 1989, pp 246-251. Hagan, J S, 'The AustraUan Family and Its Kieman, C P 'The Irish Character of the Schools', paper read (by invitation), Ochiba Australian Catholic Church', in James Jupp College, Osaka, Dec. 1988. (ed.), The Australian People: An Kieman, C P, 'Charles Gavan Duffy and Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and "The Art of Living" ', at Fifth Irish-Australia Their Origins, Sydney, Angus and Conference, Australian National University, Robertson, 1988, pp 568-573. 21 July 1988, pp 20 (publication forth­ Keiman, C P, The Irish in AustraUan coming). Polities', in James Jupp (ed.). The Australian Kiernan, C P, 'Charles Gavan Duffy', at People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its Aisling Society Conference, Sydney, 26 Oct. People and Their Origins, Sydney, Angus 1988, pp 20. and Robertson, 1988, pp 586-589. Piggin, S, 'Witchhunting in the Secular Sales, P M, 'Low Intensity Conflict in Society; Christianity's Australian Future', at Mindanao' in Barry Carr and Elaine McKay 'Australia towards 2000' Conference of the (eds). The Theory and Practice of Counter British Australian Studies Association, Insurgency, Melbourne, La Trobe University Lincoln, England. Paper to be published in Press, 1989. B Hocking (ed.), Australia Towards 2000, Macmillan, London, 1989. JOURNAL ARTICLES Piggin, S, ' "Not a Little Holy Club": Lay Beresford, M, 'War and Revolution in and Clerical Leadership in Australian Southern Vietnam', Teaching History, Vol. Anglican Evangelicalism 1788-1988', at the 22, No. 4, Jan. 1989, pp 3-9. Ecclesiastical History Conference at Castle, J, 'Practising Paternalism: Female Magdalene College, Cambridge. Paper to be Factory Workers at Courtaulds, 1919-1939', published in W J Shells (ed.). The Ministry, Clerical and Lay: Studies in Church History, Oral History Association of Australia Vol. 26, BasU BlackweU, Oxford, 1989. Joumal, No. 10, 1988. Piggin, S, 'Bicentennial History of Australian Castle, R G and Hagan, J S, 'Politics in the Evangelicalism; Thesis and Themes', at Oxley Region 1894-1920', Labour History, Conference on 'Australian and New Zealand No. 56, May 1989. Religious History, 1788-1988' held at EUem, B, Hagan, J and Turner K, The Burgmann College, ANU, Canberra. Paper Origins of the Labor Party in the Southern published in Lucas: An Evangelical History Wheatbelt of NSW 18911913', Labour Review, 4 Sep. 1988, pp 5-27. History. No. 55, Nov 1988. Piggin, S, 'Preaching for Revival from Kiernan, C P Peter Lalor; Ireland and Jonathan Edwards to Billy Graham', Sydney Victoria', Victorian Historical Journal. Vol. Clergy Conference, GilbuUa, 7 Mar 1989, 59, No, 1, 1988, pp 16-30. pp 1-20. Piggin, S, 'Towards a Bicentennial History of Piggin, S, 'Billy Graham in Australia, 1959: Australian Evangelicalism', The Joumal of Was it Revival?' Annual Moore College Religious History. 1988, 15.1, June 1988, pp Library Lecture, Sydney, 25 May 1989, pp 20-37. 1-40. Piggin, S, Matthew Boyle Devenish Meares; Pringle, H, 'Teaching Women in Political First Rector of WoUongong 1838-1957', Thought'. Proceedings of the Australasian Church of England Historical Society Political Studies Association, 30th Annual Joumal, 33.3, Sep. 1988, pp 53-62. Conference, Armidale, 1988. Piggin, S, 'Bicentennial History of Australian Evangelicalism: Thesis and Themes, Lucas: Sales, P M, 'Counterinsurgency in Southern An Evangelical History Review. 4 Sep. 1988, Mindanao', Conference on Theory and pp 5-27. Practice of Counter Insurgency, La Trobe University, Melboume, Aug. 1988. Sales, P M, Foreign Aid and the Elscalating Sales, P M, ' "A Litle German Colony Here War', Media Mindanao News Digest, Aug. or There! " The U.S. Austrahan Clash at the 1988, pp 13-15, Paris Peace Conference', Australian and New Sales, P M, Face to Face with Realities', Zealand American Studies Biennial Con­ Philippine Peacemaker, Jan.-Mar 1989, ference, Newcastle, NSW, Aug. 1988. 13-14.

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