Bat International Finance

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bat International Finance BASE PROSPECTUS B.A.T. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE p.l.c. (incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales) B.A.T. NETHERLANDS FINANCE B.V. (incorporated with limited liability in The Netherlands) B.A.T CAPITAL CORPORATION (incorporated with limited liability in the State of Delaware, United States of America) £25,000,000,000 Euro Medium Term Note Programme unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO p.l.c. (incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales) and each of the Issuers (except where it is the relevant Issuer) On 6 July 1998, each of B.A.T. International Finance p.l.c. (“BATIF”), B.A.T Capital Corporation (“BATCAP”) and B.A.T Finance B.V. (“BATFIN”) entered into a Euro Medium Term Note Programme (the “Programme”) for the issue of Euro Medium Term Notes (the “Notes”). On 16 April 2003, British American Tobacco Holdings (The Netherlands) B.V. (“BATHTN”) acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor and BATFIN was removed as an issuer and a guarantor under the Programme. On 9 December 2011, BATCAP was removed as an issuer and a guarantor under the Programme. On 16 May 2014, B.A.T. Netherlands Finance B.V. (“BATNF”) acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor. On 31 May 2017, BATCAP acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor. On 1 May 2019, BATHTN was removed as an issuer and a guarantor under the Programme. BATIF, BATNF and BATCAP are each, in their capacities as issuers under the Programme, an “Issuer” and together referred to as the “Issuers”. This Base Prospectus supersedes any previous base prospectus, offering memorandum, programme memorandum, information memorandum or any amendments or supplements thereto. Any Notes issued under the Programme on or after the date of this Base Prospectus are issued subject to the provisions herein. This Base Prospectus does not affect any Notes already issued. Prospective investors should be aware that any investment in Notes involves risks. See the factors described under the section headed “Risk Factors” in this Base Prospectus beginning on page 18. Under the Programme, each of BATIF, BATNF and BATCAP may from time to time issue Notes in bearer form denominated in any currency agreed between the relevant Issuer and the relevant Dealer (as defined below). If the applicable Final Terms state that Global Notes (each as defined herein) are to be issued in new global note (“NGN”) form, the Global Notes will be delivered on or prior to the original issue date of the relevant Tranche (as defined herein) to a common safekeeper (the “Common Safekeeper”) for Euroclear Bank SA/NV (“Euroclear”) and Clearstream Banking S.A. (“Clearstream, Luxembourg”). Global notes which are not issued in NGN form (“Classic Global Notes” or “CGNs”) will be deposited on the issue date of the relevant Tranche with a common depositary on behalf of Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg (the “Common Depositary”). The payments of all amounts payable in respect of the Notes will be unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by British American Tobacco p.l.c. (“BAT”) and each of BATIF, BATNF and BATCAP except where it is the relevant Issuer (the “Guarantors” and each a “Guarantor” and together with the Issuers, the “Obligors”). In certain circumstances, certain other companies may also become guarantors of Notes issued under the Programme. Application has been made to the Financial Conduct Authority under Part VI of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended, the “FSMA”) (the “FCA”) for Notes issued under the Programme described in this Base Prospectus during the period of twelve months after the date hereof to be admitted to the official list of the FCA (the “Official List”) and to the London Stock Exchange plc (the “London Stock Exchange”) for such Notes to be admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s main market (the “Market”). References in this Base Prospectus to Notes being “listed” (and all related references) shall mean that such Notes have been admitted to trading on the Market and have been admitted to the Official List. The Market is a regulated market for the purposes of Article 2(1)(13A) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (“EUWA”) (the “UK MiFIR”). This Base Prospectus has been approved by the FCA, as competent authority under Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (the “UK Prospectus Regulation”). The FCA only approves this Base Prospectus as meeting the standards of completeness, comprehensibility and consistency imposed by the UK Prospectus Regulation; such approval should not be considered as (a) an endorsement of the Issuers, the Guarantors or the Additional Guarantor (as defined below); or (b) an endorsement of the quality of the Notes that are the subject of this Base Prospectus. Investors should make their own assessment as to the suitability of investing in the Notes. The Programme has been rated Baa2 by Moody’s Investors Service Ltd (“Moody’s”) and BBB+ by S&P Global Ratings Europe Limited (“S&P”). Long term debt issued or guaranteed by BAT is rated Baa2 by Moody’s and BBB+ by S&P. Short term debt issued or guaranteed by BAT is rated P-2 by Moody’s and A-2 by S&P. Moody’s is established in the United Kingdom (the “UK”) and registered under Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of EUWA (the “UK CRA Regulation”) and S&P is not established in the UK but the rating it has given to the Programme, the long term debt issued or guaranteed by BAT and the short term debt issued or guaranteed by BAT is endorsed by S&P Global Ratings UK Limited, which is established in the UK and registered under the UK CRA Regulation. Tranches of Notes to be issued under the Programme will either be rated or unrated. Where a Tranche of Notes is to be rated, such rating will not necessarily be the same as the rating assigned to the Programme. Where a Tranche of Notes is rated, the applicable rating(s) will be specified in the relevant Final Terms. Arranger Deutsche Bank Dealers Bank of China Barclays BBVA BofA Securities Citigroup Commerzbank Deutsche Bank Goldman Sachs Bank Europe SE HSBC Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets Wertpapierhandelsbank Mizuho Securities NatWest Markets Santander Corporate & Investment Banking SMBC Nikko Société Générale Corporate & Investment Banking Standard Chartered Bank UniCredit Bank Wells Fargo Securities The date of this Base Prospectus is 18 March 2021 Each of BAT, BATIF, BATNF and BATCAP accepts responsibility for the information contained in this Base Prospectus and the Final Terms for each Tranche of Notes issued under the Programme and Reynolds American Inc. (“RAI” or the “Additional Guarantor”) accepts responsibility for the information relating to RAI and the RAI Guarantee (as defined below) contained in this Base Prospectus and the Final Terms for each Tranche of Notes issued under the Programme. To the best of the knowledge of BAT, BATIF, BATNF, BATCAP and RAI, each of the foregoing declares that the information (or in the case of RAI, as such information relates to it and/or the RAI Guarantee) contained in this Base Prospectus is in accordance with the facts and that the Base Prospectus makes no omission likely to affect its import. This Base Prospectus is to be read in conjunction with all documents which are incorporated herein by reference as described in “Documents Incorporated by Reference” below. This Base Prospectus shall be read and construed on the basis that such documents are so incorporated and form part of this Base Prospectus. The Obligors have confirmed to the dealers (the “Dealers”) named under “Subscription and Sale” below that this Base Prospectus is true and accurate in all material respects and not misleading in any material respect; that the opinions and intentions expressed therein are honestly held; that there are no other facts in relation to the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus the omission of which would, in the context of the issue of the Notes, make any statement therein or opinions or intentions expressed therein misleading in any material respect; and the Obligors have confirmed to the Dealers that all reasonable enquiries have been made to verify the foregoing provided, however, that the confirmation expressed in this sentence does not extend to the information set out under “Subscription and Sale” below. Notice of the aggregate nominal amount of the Notes, interest (if any) payable in respect of the Notes, the issue price of the Notes and any other terms and conditions not contained in this Base Prospectus which are applicable to each Tranche (as defined under “Terms and Conditions of the Notes”) of Notes will be set out in a final terms document (the “Final Terms”) which will be delivered to the FCA and the London Stock Exchange and will be available on the website of the Regulatory News Service operated by the London Stock Exchange. This Base Prospectus, together with supplements to this Base Prospectus from time to time (each a “Supplement” and together, the “Supplements”), comprises a base prospectus for the purposes of the UK Prospectus Regulation and for the purpose of giving information with regards to the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Additional Guarantor which is material to an investor for making an informed assessment of (i) the assets and liabilities, financial position, profits and losses and prospects of the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Additional Guarantor (ii) the rights attaching to the Notes and (iii) the reasons for the issuance and its impact on the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Additional Guarantor.
Recommended publications
  • BAT INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Plc
    BASE PROSPECTUS B.A.T. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE p.l.c. (incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales) BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO HOLDINGS (THE NETHERLANDS) B.V. (incorporated with limited liability in The Netherlands) B.A.T. NETHERLANDS FINANCE B.V. (incorporated with limited liability in The Netherlands) B.A.T CAPITAL CORPORATION (incorporated with limited liability in the State of Delaware, United States of America) £25,000,000,000 Euro Medium Term Note Programme unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO p.l.c. (incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales) and each of the Issuers (except where it is the relevant Issuer) On 6 July 1998, each of B.A.T. International Finance p.l.c. (“BATIF”), B.A.T Capital Corporation (“BATCAP”) and B.A.T Finance B.V. (“BATFIN”) entered into a Euro Medium Term Note Programme (the “Programme”) for the issue of Euro Medium Term Notes (the “Notes”). On 16 April 2003, British American Tobacco Holdings (The Netherlands) B.V. (“BATHTN”) acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor and BATFIN was removed as an issuer and a guarantor under the Programme. On 9 December 2011, BATCAP was removed as an issuer and a guarantor under the Programme. On 16 May 2014, B.A.T. Netherlands Finance B.V. (“BATNF”) acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor. On 31 May 2017, BATCAP acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor. BATIF, BATHTN, BATNF and BATCAP are each, in their capacities as issuers under the Programme, an “Issuer” and together referred to as the “Issuers”.
    [Show full text]
  • What Do Y Tell Us About the Industry in Brazil?
    May 2007 – Phase I Report This publication is under embargo up to 31 May, 11 am (EST) HE TOBACCO INDUSTRY DOCUMENTS: WHAT DO THEY TELL US ABOUT THE INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL? T This work was commissioned by the Pan American Health Organization as part of a multi-phase project to analyze the tobacco industry and tobacco control in Brazil. This preliminary report represents Phase I of the project EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • This report builds on a previously published Pan American Health Organization report and presents preliminary results of a multi-phase project to map out the roles of the tobacco industry and of the tobacco control movement in Brazil. • This initial phase was developed to document the strategies and operations of the tobacco industry in Brazil as it can be determined from the tobacco industry documents publicly available after the settlement of legal cases of 46 states and territories of the United States with the US- based tobacco companies. • Brazil is an important tobacco market: its large, young, population appeal to tobacco companies searching to expand and it has a large tobacco growing, manufacturing and export business. • Despite the role of tobacco in the Brazilian economy, Brazil has been a world leader in implementing a regulatory framework in which the tobacco 1 May 2007 – Phase I Report industry operates. Overall adult smoking prevalence seems to be in decline, but youth smoking remains high in certain areas of the country. • The main cigarette companies operating in the country are Souza Cruz, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco, with approximately 75% share of market; and Philip Morris Brazil, part of Philip Morris International, with approximately 15% of the market.
    [Show full text]
  • Bat International Finance
    BASE PROSPECTUS B.A.T. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE p.l.c. (incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales) B.A.T. NETHERLANDS FINANCE B.V. (incorporated with limited liability in The Netherlands) B.A.T CAPITAL CORPORATION (incorporated with limited liability in the State of Delaware, United States of America) £25,000,000,000 Euro Medium Term Note Programme unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO p.l.c. (incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales) and each of the Issuers (except where it is the relevant Issuer) On 6 July 1998, each of B.A.T. International Finance p.l.c. (“BATIF”), B.A.T Capital Corporation (“BATCAP”) and B.A.T Finance B.V. (“BATFIN”) entered into a Euro Medium Term Note Programme (the “Programme”) for the issue of Euro Medium Term Notes (the “Notes”). On 16 April 2003, British American Tobacco Holdings (The Netherlands) B.V. (“BATHTN”) acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor and BATFIN was removed as an issuer and a guarantor under the Programme. On 9 December 2011, BATCAP was removed as an issuer and a guarantor under the Programme. On 16 May 2014, B.A.T. Netherlands Finance B.V. (“BATNF”) acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor. On 31 May 2017, BATCAP acceded to the Programme as an issuer and, where relevant, a guarantor. On 1 May 2019, BATHTN was removed as an issuer and a guarantor under the Programme. BATIF, BATNF and BATCAP are each, in their capacities as issuers under the Programme, an “Issuer” and together referred to as the “Issuers”.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Smoking Produce an Emotional Relaxation?
    University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1957 Does smoking produce an emotional relaxation? Louis Allen Kreiss Jr. University of the Pacific Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Kreiss, Louis Allen Jr.. (1957). Does smoking produce an emotional relaxation?. University of the Pacific, Thesis. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/1331 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOES SMOKI NG PRODUCE AN EMOT I ONAL RELAXATION? ---- A The sie Presented to Th$ Faculty of the Department of Peyshology The Oollege ot the Pacific In Partial Fulfil lment of the Requieementa for the Degree Ma ster of Arts By Louie Allen Kr ei ss, Jr. t l I Junl! 19.5'7 To my wi fa for her devotion and tireles$ assistnnaa XABI,E OF COftriU~TS OUAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION • • ~ • q • 41 • • Ill .. • • • • • ... 41 l Interest .. " . .. - .. l Statement of tho probleo • • • • • • • , • • l The thGs1s • .. .. ·• 6 ., • l The objective .. • • • • 9 " • • • .. 2 ~othod of ~ttack • • 0 • • • • ~ • • • ~ • • 2 Experimental • • • • . ' II • .. 2 Dr1~f summary of findings • • • 2 Analysis ., • • • • • • , • .. • • • • 0 • • 2 II. TilE EXl)l~Rll&tl'fAL APPARf~f\JS • • • • 6 0 • • 4 • 3 Reforenoe • • , , • !I • • • • • 9 • • • • 3 - -- ---.:......-c,e""""'s=-"t1ng dcs:tgn-; •• • • --.;- -~. • " • • I> • 6 III. APPLICATION r~UBSTIOHNA:UtE • " ... e • o o o .
    [Show full text]
  • 38 2000 Tobacco Industry Projects—A Listing (173 Pp.) Project “A”: American Tobacco Co. Plan from 1959 to Enlist Professor
    38 2000 Tobacco Industry Projects—a Listing (173 pp.) Project “A”: American Tobacco Co. plan from 1959 to enlist Professors Hirsch and Shapiro of NYU’s Institute of Mathematical Science to evaluate “statistical material purporting to show association between smoking and lung cancer.” Hirsch and Shapiro concluded that “such analysis is not feasible because the studies did not employ the methods of mathematical science but represent merely a collection of random data, or counting noses as it were.” Statistical studies of the lung cancer- smoking relation were “utterly meaningless from the mathematical point of view” and that it was “impossible to proceed with a mathematical analysis of the proposition that cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer.” AT management concluded that this result was “not surprising” given the “utter paucity of any direct evidence linking smoking with lung canner.”112 Project A: Tobacco Institute plan from 1967 to air three television spots on smoking & health. Continued goal of the Institute to test its ability “to alter public opinion and knowledge of the asserted health hazards of cigarette smoking by using paid print media space.” CEOs in the fall of 1967 had approved the plan, which was supposed to involve “before-and-after opinion surveys on elements of the smoking and health controversy” to measure the impact of TI propaganda on this issue.”113 Spots were apparently refused by the networks in 1970, so plan shifted to Project B. Project A-040: Brown and Williamson effort from 1972 to 114 Project AA: Secret RJR effort from 1982-84 to find out how to improve “the RJR share of market among young adult women.” Appeal would 112 Janet C.
    [Show full text]
  • AHA Policy Statement Electronic Cigarettes
    AHA Policy Statement Electronic Cigarettes A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association Aruni Bhatnagar, PhD, FAHA, Chair;·Laurie P. Whitsel, PhD; Kurt M. Ribisl, PhD; Chris Bullen, MBChB, PhD; Frank Chaloupka, PhD; Mariann R. Piano, PhD; Rose Marie Robertson, MD, FAHA; Timothy McAuley, PhD; David Goff, MD, PhD, FAHA; Neal Benowitz, MD; on behalf of the American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research or decades, advocacy for tobacco control has been a prior­ the current evidence, we provide policy recommendations in Fity of the American Heart Association (AHA). In partner­ key areas of tobacco control such as clean indoor air laws, ship with major public health organizations, the association taxation, regulation, preventing youth access, marketing and has made major strides in tobacco use prevention and cessa­ advertising to youth, counseling for cessation, surveillance, tion by prioritizing evidence-based strategies such as increas­ and defining e-cigarettes in state laws. The statement con­ ing excise taxes; passing comprehensive smoke-free air laws; cludes by outlining a future research agenda to further our facilitating US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) author­ understanding of this emerging area of tobacco control and ity to regulate tobacco, including comprehensive tobacco the impact of e-cigarettes on public health. cessation treatment within healthcare plans; and supporting adequate funding of comprehensive tobacco control programs E-Cigarettes or ENDS in different states. These tobacco control efforts have cut in The first concept of an electric•clgarette was patented in 1965 half the youth smoking rate from 1997 to 2007 and have saved by Herbert A Gilbert.4 Subsequently, an aerosolized, high­ >8 million lives in the past 50 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Influencing Tobacco Leaf Quality: an Investigation of the Literature*
    Beitrii.ge zur Tabakforschung International • Volume 12 • No. 3 • February 1984 Factors Influencing Tobacco Leaf Quality: an Investigation of the Literature* by S. Mendell, E. C. Bourlas and M. Z. DeBardeleben Philip Morris Research Center, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A. SUMMARY This paper comprises a review of the published litera­ Cet article donne un vaste panorama de la litterature ture {1936-1979) dealing with the relationship between publiee au cours des annees 1936 a 1979 concemant les the chemical constituents of tobacco and smoke and to­ relations existantes entre d'une part les composants chi­ bacco and smoke quality. Various components thought miques du tabac et de la fumee et d'autre part la qualite to be influential in determining quality are identified; du tabac et de la fumee. Diff~rents composants aux­ conclusions of researchers regarding the effects of these quds ces anicles accordent une signification eu egard a components are recorded and discussed. A -summary la qualite, sont traites dans le detail du point de vue de table is presented which details the nature of the rela­ leur efficacit~, les conclusions des auteurs etant citees et tionship between these constituents and tobacco qual­ discutees. L'influence de ces composants sur la qualite ity. du tabac telle qu'elle est indiquee dans les diffCrents tra­ vaux est presentee et specifi~e dans un tableau ricapi­ tulatif. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In einem zusammenfassenden Oberblick wird die in INTRODUCTION den Jahren 1936 his 1979 verOffentlichte Literatur iiber die Beziehungen zwischen den chemischen Bestand­ A great deal of research has been conducted over the teilen von Tabak und Rauch einerseits und der Tabak­ years regarding the relations-hip between the chemical und Rauchqualitii.t andererseits dargestellt.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Tobacco Products GAO/HEHS-97-140
    United States General Accounting Office GAO Report to Congressional Requesters September 1997 FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION Regulation of Tobacco Products GAO/HEHS-97-140 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Health, Education, and Human Services Division B-270742 September 29, 1997 The Honorable Thomas W. Ewing Chairman The Honorable Gary Condit Ranking Minority Member Subcommittee on Risk Management and Specialty Crops Committee on Agriculture House of Representatives On August 11, 1995, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed a regulation to prohibit the sale of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to individuals under 18 years of age and to restrict advertising of these products. In addition, the regulation requires manufacturers to comply with labeling requirements and to fund public education programs that discourage persons under 18 years of age from using cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products. The final rule and jurisdictional determination were published on August 28, 1996. Between June 1994 and October 1995, the Subcommittee requested on several occasions copies of FDA documents concerning the agency’s efforts to regulate tobacco products and the potential effects of this regulation on tobacco growers. FDA did not fully comply with these requests. To assist the Subcommittee in understanding the potential impact of FDA jurisdiction over regulating tobacco products, you asked us to obtain internal memorandums, notes from meetings or conversations, electronic and other written communications, and other documents from FDA related to 12 specific requests for information concerning the activities that led to FDA’s proposal to regulate the sale of tobacco products. In addition, you asked us to describe how FDA developed the tobacco regulation, evaluated regulatory options, and determined its jurisdiction over tobacco products.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Deciphering the Internal Codes Used by the Tobacco Industry
    A Guide to Deciphering the Internal Codes Used by the Tobacco Industry August 2005 Report No. 03-05 Harvard School of Public Health Division of Public Health Practice Tobacco Research Program This report was prepared by: Doris Cullen, MA Geoffrey Ferris Wayne, MA Gregory N. Connolly, DMD, MPH Howard K. Koh, MD, MPH This research was funded through R01 grant CA87477-05 from the National Cancer Institute. 1 Table of Contents I. Abstract II. Introduction III. Methods IV. Results a. Code Lists b. Types of Codes i. Projects ii. Additives iii. Tobacco blends, processes, and formulas c. Patterns among Codes d. Less Formal Patterns used for Internal Codes e. Catchy Names and Clever Patterns f. Using Codes to Identify Areas of Particular Research Interest i. Addiction ii. Delivery Mechanisms iii. Smoking Behaviors iv. Reduced Harm and Novel Products V. Discussion VI. References 2 Abstract Although previous research provides examples of the tobacco industry’s internal codes, acronyms and abbreviations, no studies to date have undertaken a systematic review of this secretive internal jargon. In this study, we review tobacco industry documents to identify industry lists of codes and their definitions, types of codes, and patterns used for coding as well as specific codes related to product research. These findings are organized to assist other researchers in finding and decoding documents relevant to their own particular topics of interest. Likewise, we encourage document researchers to consider the use of code patterns, particularly those that are unique to specific manufacturers, departments, project areas or types of research. We conclude that effective document research requires the development of coherent strategies to identify and decipher the codes and terminology used internally and that sharing this information will facilitate and expedite future research.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco: Filling the Gap of Silence
    ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (A High Impact Factor & UGC Approved Journal) Website: www.ijirset.com Vol. 6, Issue 8, August 2017 Tobacco: Filling The Gap Of Silence Kulkarni Bhagyashree ˡ, Kaushik Biswas ² Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Psychology, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India ˡ U.G Student, Department of Forensic Psychology, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India ² ABSTRACT: “Addiction is a primary, chronic, neuro-biological disease with genetic, psycho social and environmental factors influencing its manifestations”. Tobacco chewing is a habit, stress buster and style statement. It’s inclusive of long term and short term effects. Betel quid is a favored form of tobacco chewers that includes betel nut, lime, catechu and tobacco. The current study of researchers was undertaken to enlighten population about grave effects of ‘kharra’ chewing and, also individual ingredients that make up a betel quid of ‘kharra’, and its side effects. The goal was to determine how lethal the combination of all ingredients put together and chewed. Data of around 400 people was collected for ‘kharra’ chewing, a popular form of tobacco chewed by citizens of Nagpur city, Maharashtra state. A questionnaire and an inventory were developed for this purpose, one being, general awareness regarding tobacco, it’s utility in society, disadvantages and awareness in the age group of 18-40 in Nagpur city with a sample of 100 (M) and 100 (F). The second being an inventory about habits related to ‘kharra’ consumption of the tobacco chewers. It was ascertained form the current study that psycho social, demographic, economic, peer and family acquaintance, life style adaptations all led to increased use of ‘kharra’ chewing of tobacco in the population of Nagpur city.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation
    WHO Technical Report Series 989 WHO STUDY GROUP ON TOBACCO PRODUCT REGULATION Report on the Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation: Fifth Report of a WHO Study Group WHO Technical Report Series 989 WHO STUDY GROUP ON TOBACCO PRODUCT REGULATION Report on the Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation: Fifth Report of a WHO Study Group WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data WHO study group on tobacco product regulation : report on the scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: fifth report of a WHO study group. (WHO Technical report series; 989) 1.Tobacco Use Disorder – prevention and control. 2.Tobacco Industry – legislation. 3.Tobacco Control Campaigns. 4.Tobacco – chemistry. 5.Metals, Heavy – adverse effects. 6.Metals, Heavy – toxicity. 7.Metals, Heavy – standards. I.World Health Organization. II.WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. III.Series. ISBN 978 92 4 120989 2 (NLM classification: QV 137) ISBN (PDF) 978 92 4 069380 7 ISSN 0512-3054 © World Health Organization 2015 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Industry Use of Flavourings to Promote Smokeless Tobacco Products
    Research paper Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053212 on 9 November 2016. Downloaded from Tobacco industry use of flavourings to promote smokeless tobacco products Ganna Kostygina,1 Pamela M Ling1,2 1Center for Tobacco Control ABSTRACT engineer fruit-flavoured tobacco products. An ana- Research and Education, UCSF, Background While fruit, candy and alcohol lysis of candy and tobacco products found some San Francisco, California, USA. 2 characterising flavours are not allowed in cigarettes in tobacco products contained higher levels of flavour Division of General Internal 9 Medicine, Department of the USA, other flavoured tobacco products such as chemicals than candy. Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, smokeless tobacco (ST) continue to be sold. We The 2009 US Family Smoking Prevention and California, USA. investigated tobacco manufacturers’ use of flavoured Tobacco Control Act prohibited candy, fruit, additives in ST products, the target audience(s) for alcohol and spice characterising flavours in cigar- Correspondence to fl fl Dr Pamela M Ling, University avoured products, and marketing strategies promoting ettes, as avours make cigarettes easier to smoke 10–13 of California, San Francisco, products by emphasising their flavour. and increase youth appeal. ST was not Box 1390, 530 Parnassus Methods Qualitative analysis of internal tobacco included in this regulation. Additional research is Avenue, Suite 366, industry documents triangulated with data from national needed to better understand the role of flavours in San Francisco, CA94143-1390, USA; [email protected] newspaper articles, trade press and internet. smokeless products. We analysed previously secret Results Internally, flavoured products have been tobacco industry documents from RJ Reynolds Received 30 May 2016 consistently associated with young and inexperienced (RJR), Brown & Williamson (B&W), Philip Morris Accepted 7 September 2016 tobacco users.
    [Show full text]