REPORT
ON TIIE
CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO
IN TIIlll
UNITED STATES.
BY
J. B. KILLEBRE"W, · SPEJOIAL ·AGEN'l:. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Cn.A.PTER I.-ST.ATISTICAL REVIEW OF THE TOBACCO CROP OF 1879. Page. Tobacco Cl'OJ) of tho United States, by eonuties (census of 1880) ...... •...... ••....•.....••..•••••. 3-U .Alahamn...... , ...... •...... " ...... •...•... 3 Ariz on n. ..•...... •..•...•...... •...... , ...... •...... ••...... •....•. 3 .Arkansas ...... 3 California ·...... •...... •....•...... •.•...•...... •.•...... •... 3 Connecticut .•.•...... •...... , .•....••...•••...... •...... •...... • 4 Dn,kot1i ...... 4 Deln,ware ...... A District of Columbia ...... 4 Flori<1a ...... •.•••..•.••...... ••••...... •••...... •.•• : ...... •.....•...... •...... 4 Gcorgin...... , .....•...•..••...... •.....••...... · ...... •...... ••...... _•.. 4 Idaho ...... 4 Illinois ...... •...... • , ...... : .....•...... •....••.• Imlin,nii ...... •...... •.....•...•.••.....•...... •...... •.•.• Iowa ...... 6 Kansas ...... •...... •.•...•.•....•....•••....•.....•.....••...... ·· · .. · · ·· ·· · · ·· ···· .... ··· · ···· · ··· (j Kentuc k~' ...... •....•....•.•...... •..•..... : •...... •••...... •...... 6,7 Lonisittna ...... 7 :Maine ...... 7 Maryland ....•...••.•...... •...... ••...... •...... ••...... ••...... •.. 7 Massachusetts ...... 8 :Michign.u ...... 8 'Minnesota, ...... B 8 :~:~~~!y1~~:::: ~::::::::::::: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ~:::::::::::::::::::::: ~:::::: ·.:::::: ·.:::: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : !J Nebraska ...... ••.....•.•.•...... , .•••..••••• ; •••....••...... •...••.....•...•...... ••••...•.. 9 Nevacla ...... \...... 9 Now Hampshire ...... •...... , ...... 9 New Jersey ...... , ...... •...... •.....•...... •...... •.....•...... • 10 Now Mexico ...... •...... •..••.•. , ...... 10 New York ...... 10 North Carolina ...... ' ...... 10 Ohio ...· ...... 11 Oregon ...... ······ ...... ···· ···· ·••• ······· •··· ··•··• 11 Peunsylvo,niit ...... •.....•...... •.•..•...... ·...... • · · ... · • · • ·. ·• • •· · . • · · '"· · · · .. · · · · · · · •· · · · · · · · • · · · 11 Rhode Islaml ...... ~ ...... •..••...... ' ...... ·. · . · · · · · • · · · · • • .. · 12 South Co,rolimt ...... ~ ....• , ...... 12 Tonnessee ...... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · -- · · · · • · · · • 12 Texas ...... 12, 13 Vermont ...... ••...... •...•.....•...... ·.· ...... •...••••...... · ... · · · ·· · · ·· • ·. -·· · · · · · 13 Virgin\a ...... •...... ••....•...... •.... 13 Washington territory ...... ,...... ··················;···· .... ·······•·······•······ •···. 13 \Vest Virginia ...•...... ••...... •...... · .. •········ -· ·· '-· · · · · ··e: • • • • • • • •••• • • •• • •• ••• • • · • •• • ••• 14 Wisconsin ...... : ...... 14 Recapitulation by states .••...••.•....•.•....•.....•.....•...... ~ ...... ·. · ·. · · · • · · • · · • ·. · · · • • • • · 14
CH.A.PT.En IL-CLASSIFICATION-TYPE MAPJ3-VARIETIES OF THE TOBACCO PLANT. Classification ...... ·.. . . • ...... •.....•.. , .••.•• 15,16 Cla.ss I-Cigar and smoking tobacco ...... 16 Seed-leaf and Havana seed ...... 16,17 Other cigar and smoking tohacco : ··: ...... · •••• 17,18 Class II-Chewing tobacco ...... • .. · · · · ·· · · · · · · · •• • •• ·• 18 Fine-cut and plug fillers ...... - .....•.. ~ 18,19 Plug wrappers .••••..•.•...... •...... ••...... •. · ...... · ·• • · · · • · · · • • · · · · · • · • • 1:> 595 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CIIAPTEU III.-CULTURE AND CURING OBI.TOBACCO IN ARKANSAS. Bonton Count.y district ...... __ ...... •..•....•••.•.... _.•. --- ...... -- ..... ·- ·--- ...... __ ..••.•.•.... --· ... __ ...... 25-28 Varieties of' tobacco grown ...... __ ...... ••.••...... -- ...... •... ··-- ...... 2ii,26 Planting and cultivation of tobacco .....•....•...••...... •. ·-· ...... ·--· ...... ~6,27 Curing of to ba.cco ...•...... _. _. . . .••.•...... • : ...... •. _... - ...... _ .. _•..... _ .. _...... __ .. _.•.. 27 Tobacco-houses ...... •...... , ...... •.•..•••••...... •...... •...... _...... 27 Marketing of tobacco . _...•...... __ ...... _...... •...... _...... _..... _...... _...... 27 Prices of tob11cco ...... _. _...... : ...... _.. _...... _...... _.... _.. . 27 Cost of raising the to1rnceo crop ...... ·--...... _._ ...... -· .•. __ . __ ..•.... 28 •Otlrnr districts ... ·- ...... ___ ....•... __ ...... ___ -· ...... _._._ .. .'...... __ . 28,29 CHAPTER IV.-CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO IN FLORIDA. •Climate ...•...•...... , ...... ·--·-- ...... --···· ...... -·· ...... 2!1 Progress of tobacco culture ...... ___ . .' _...... _ .. __ ...... _.... _...... _..••...... ____ .•.••...... _ 211,:io Varieties of tobacco grown ...... _...... _..... _..•••...... _...... __ ...•...... • ·-· ...... __ ...... :lO, 31 CIIAPT]J'R V.-CULTURE AND CURING OJ!' TOBACCO IN U,I,INOIS. •Climate ...... -· ...... _ ...... -·-·· ...... __ .. ____ ...... ·-- 33 Tobacco districts .•....•. _...... _.....•. __ .• _.•.. _. _... __ ... _...... •. _.... __ ...•.... _.. ___ .....•... _.... _.... __ .....• 3•1-36 The Seed-leaf district ...... __ ...... _. _ .. _. _.. _...... _.... __ ...... _...... _. __ .. __ .•...... •... _...... _.... _.... _ 34 Seed-beds ...... ---· .•...... ___ ...... •. _...... _...... ___ .....•. __ .. __ ...... ·- .... _...... •.. 3•t,:m Tobacco-houses ...... ••.... _...... _...... _. _ •..•. _. __ . ___ .•.....••.....•...... _...... :JU, :l6 Cost of raising tollacco ...... _ .. __ •.••. _. __ .•...... _. __ ...••. _ ... __ •. _. _... _...... •.. _...... •...... _. _..... __ .. 3!i ;Shipping-leaf district ...... _...... _•.... _..... _ ... _..... _.. __ .. _...... • _... __ .. __ .•.•...... 36,37 Tobacco production ...... •..... -·-··· •..•.•..••....•....••. ·-·· ...••.•.•• ··-- ...... 37 CHAPTER VI.-C ULTURE AND CURING OF T 0 B AC C 0 IN INDIAN A. Geological and i)hysical features ...... ___ ...... __ . _...... _....• _.• _ .. __ ...... ;JS, 39 Meteorology._ ...... ___ .....•.....•••.. _. _•...... •.....•...... •.. __ • _.. ____ ..... _... _.•••...... _.....•..... _ .. _.. 39 Varieties of tobacco grown ...... _...... __ . _...... _ ..... _•.•...... ___ • . •. _. _.. _ .. ___ ...• _...... __ ....• _...... : . 39,40 Soil and cultivatiou ...... __ ...... __ .. _... _•..•....• __ ...•. _.. ___ •.. _.. _.. _ . __ . _...... _. _... ___ .... _.. 40,41 41 .~!~;: ~f i~d.i~~~- ~------· _-_-_. _._. _._·_· :.-.-.-_-.-_- _·_-_· _. _._. _-_._. _. _._._. _. .-.-.-: _._._. ~----.- :.-.-.-: .-.-.-.-: --~: ::: :: :::: :: :: ::'::::: ::·::::: ::: ::: :: :: : : :: :: ::::: 42 CHAPTER VII.-CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO IN KENTUCKY. History ...... ___ ·-_ ...... •...... ·----...... · .. ____ ...... ••..... ·---·· ...... -·-- .•...• 42-44 •Climate ...... __ ...... __ .•.. _.. _...... _.... __ .•..•.•. _ •.••.... _•... _•. _.. _...... •. _. ___ ...... __ ...... _. _...... 44 'I'obaeco clistricts ...... ·····- ,, ...... ···-·····-·· ...... •....••...... • 44 Pnclucnli, or western district .... _. _..••....•..... _...... •.. _. _...•..•.. ___ ..... _.... __ ... _•••..••••... __ ...... __ . _.. _. 44-48 Geologiilal features, soiis, ancl types of tob11cco ....•..••... _•...•.••.... __ ..... _.•...... _••...... _•.... -...... 44-46 Classification of types .... _.. _..•.. _. __ ..... ___ . _. _....•..••.... _. __ ...•. _.. _.. __ ...... _. __ .... __ •..• __ •..... _ 46 Value of t.llo crop ...... _.... __ ....•.•.••... _..••••••.... __ ••• _ .... _...... _....•... , •...... • __ ..•.•...... , 46,47 Strips·---·· ...... ···--· ...... -·-· ..••..•... ··---·····-··--·-· ...... '...... •.•...•... <17 Cost ofprocluction ...... _....•.. •••••..... _...... _...•.•.... __ ....• _.. ____ .•.• ___ • _. _... _...... _...•••.•...... 47,48 'l'ho Ohio River district ...... --·· ...... •. -··-- ___ ...... _...... -·-· ...... ·"·- ..•.. 4d-ll0 Topography ...... --- . _, ...... ·-· ...... _...... __ ... __ .•.••••.• _ ...•.. 48 Types oftollacco produced ...... -·-··· ...... ·-·-·····-·· ...... -----· ...... 48 Varietie.,; of tobacco producerL ..... _. _.. _.. ___ . _..•... _•... _.. _. ·-- _... _.• __ ...•.. _'_ _...... _...... __ . _.•.••..•..... 48,49 Geology of soils ...... •...... •.. _.•.•... _ ....•.... _..... _...•• ____ ...... _ .• _•••• __ ••. _. _.•.••••.•.•..•.••..•.•... 49,50 InHoct enemies and cliseases ...•.••....•. ·-··-· .•..•...••...... •....••.....•. ··--·- ...•....•...... ··-- .•••...... ·. 50 • 58() TABLE OF OONr:rENTS. v The 011io River district-Continued. Page. Cost ofproduction ...... ·...... 50 Value of the crop of 1879 ...... 50 Gi:meral facts aud statistics ...... 50 The Lower Grce11 River district ...... _...... 51-54 Tor>ography ...... _...... •..... _...... _....• _•.... ___ . 51 Types of tobacco prod ucecl ..•...... •...... •.•.....•...... •...... , ...... •...•...... 51 Varieties and their pocnliaritieH ...... _...... _...... 51,52 Geology rmd soil formations ...... , ...... •...... •...... 52,53 Labol', wages, an cl cost of productio11 ...... G3,54 Tho Green River district ...... 54,f>f> The lTppor Green River district ..•.•...... •••...•...... •...... •... 55-58 •rypes of to l>acco procluced ...... __ ...... UG,56 Varieties of tobacco producecl .....; __ ...... '...... -. - 56 Guology o.ud soil formations ...... • ...... • . . . • ...... -...... - ...... 56,57 Val no oftlio crop of 1879 ...... : ...... , ... . 57 Labor and. the labor system ...... [)7 . Cost of production ...... •..••.....•..•....•.... , ...... -.. -. - . -.. - 58 The Clarksville district .... .'...... • : ...... -- . -- ...... -- 58-61 Geology and soil formations ...... ------.... - 59,60 Yarieties of tobo.cco procluced . _...... '...... - .... -...... ••... 60 Cost of labor and production ...... -- -- ..... - 60,61 Value of the crop of 1879 ...... -----· .... - .....• 61 The Cumberland Hivor district ...... -- .... ------. 61-63 Types of tobacco proclucecl ...... 1 ~ ...... - ••• -- •• --- •••• - • -- 61,62 Varieties of tobacco grown ..•...... ••...... ___ ...... •...... •...... •.•.... -..... 62 Geology ancl soil formations ...... , ...... -·· ...... ----- · .. -.. · 62,6:~ • • • -- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • --- • - • • • • • • • 63 Cost of lo.bor and procluction ...... ---· • -· · · · .. · • -1 Value of the crop of 1870 ...... -- -...... ••.. ---.. ----- · ---· • · · -- · 63 CHAPTirn VIII.-CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO IN LOUISIANA. Historical notes ...... - ..•....••••.. ----- . ----- · -----· · · · · · · · · · · 80,81 'Tho Pren oh Acadians and Porique tobacco ...... -. -. --. --. -. ------· · ---- · · · · -· -- · -· · · -· · 81 Where this peculiar tobacco is grown ...... -.•... -..... ---· . --· -· . ----- 81 ··Climate ...... : ...... 81 Rainfall ...... -.•. - -. • • ---- · · · --· · · · · · · · · · - · · · · -· • • · · .. • • · • · · · · -- '· · · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · • • · · · · · · · · · 81 Soils now cultivatocl in tobacco ...... " ...... --. -.• --.. • - --- · -• -· · · · · · · -· -· --· · · · · · · · · · · 81 'Tho Poriq_ne tobacco clistrict ...... •...... •...... •...... •... ···. --..... -···· · ···· -··· · · · .'. · •· · · · · ·· · -- · 82-86 Peculiarities of the Periqne tobacco ...... -. - •...... --..... -· ·· ---- ·· · - 82 Oracles of product ...... : .•...... ---··· ...••..... ···-·· ...... ····--·-·---············-··· 82 Decrease of tobacco product and causes ...... •.. - ...... -. -.•..... -. ---- · --• --· · · ----- .. ----· · · --- · · 82 Soils au cl modes of cultivation ...... -...•...•. ---... ---. -•.... · -. --. · --· · · · --· . ----· ------8a Seed~beds ...... - •. -· · --•.. ---· --· - ··· - ·· -- · --··· ·•· · · ·· • • · · · -· 83 Preparation of the soil.and cultivation .... : ...... -· .. · --· -· ·. -·· -· •· -- · -· • · · · -· • · · · · -· · · · · · • · · 83,84 Prin1ing ancl topping of tobacco ...•...... -. -...... - --. --· · -• -• • · .- ---· ---.. · · • · -• · .. · · · · · · · · .. - · · · · • • • · · · • 84 Suckering of tobacco ....•...... •...... -..... --- .. -· --· -- --· - ·· · · · · ···•·· -··· ··· - ·· · -· · ···· -· · · ·· -- · · ·· · · 84 Ripening of tobacco ...... ----- · -.. · •· · • ------· · -· · · · · · · · · · -- -· · · · · · · · · • · •· · • 84 Cutting and curing of tobacco ...... •...... ••.... --... -. -· . · • · · · -- · -· · · · · • · · · · · • · · · · -- · · · · · · • · • · -- · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · · 84,B5 Cost of producing and marketing tobacco ...... -• -- ... - ..... -... ----- .. --· .. -.. · · . ----· ----· · .. - · · · · -· - ·· · · bu 587 ' . . Vl TABLE OF CONTENTS. The Perique tobaCJco c1istrict-Continnec1. l'ngo. Diseases of tobaCJco'...... •..... ·-···· ··-········· ..•...... ···-·· .....•••.•... .'....•...... •••••..•....• 85,86 InseCJts ...... •. , ...... - ••...... •....•....•.. • ••••...... •..••.....•....••...•••....• 86 Injury from storms ...... •...•..•..•••...... - •..••...... •...... •..•..•...... • -_..•.• 86 Valne of tobacco prod net ...... •...... •...... •....•...... •..••...••...•..•.•....•...... • SC" Peculiarities aucl speoial uses of this variety ....•..•...... •....•...•••••...... ••.•••...... •...... ••. 86 Points of excellenoe ..•...... •..•...... •..•...... •••.... - ....•...... •...... ••.•...... 86 Other tobacco .••••.••..•...... ••...... •...•••.....•.••...... •••••••...... ••••..••••.•••...... •.. 87 Procluction of tobacco ...•...... •..••...... •••...... •...... •.....•...... •..•••.•••....• 87 CHAPTER IX.-CULTURE AND CURiNG OF TOBACCO IN MAI':.YLAND. Geology ...•...... •....•...... •.....•...•...... •...... •...... •....•. ! ...... 88 Topography arnl soils of the several counties ...•....•.•...... •.... - ...... •••...... •...•...... 88,.89 Varieties of tobacco cnltivatecl ...... ;. ....••...... •.••.•...... •...... ••.....•...... •...... 89 Tobacco fertilizers ...•...••...... •...... •...... •...... •••...... •...... •..•.. 89,90 Plant-beds, etc ...... ••...... • ~ ..•...•.••••..•...... •.... - ...... •...... •...•...... •...... ••...... • 0(} Prepiuation of the soil for tobacco cultivation ...•...•.•...... •..••...••..•.....•..•...... •...... •••••...... •.. 90,0l Priming, topping, ancl snckcring tobacco .•...... •...... ••.•...... •...... •...•.• lll Harvcst.ing an CHAPTER X.-CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO IN MISSOURI. Character of Missou1·i tobaeco ...... •..•.....· .•...... •••• , •.•...... •...... •....••...... , ..•...... •.•.••. 04 Physical features anll soils ...•...... •...... ••...... , ..• !J.J, !)5 Climate ....•...... •...... •••...... ••..•• 00 Character of product and proportion of grades ...... •..•...... •...... •...... ••....•. , ...... ••.•...... 96,!17 Hca;yy tobacco district ...... •...... ••...... ••...... •...... ••...... •...... OG Manufaeturing district ...... _.. . . • ...... • ...... • . • . • . . . . • • . . . • ...... ••••..•....•. !J(), 97 Kinds of soils 11referre(l for tobacco in CHAPTER XI.-CULTURE AND c URING OP TOB.A.C c 0 IN NEW YORK. Climate ...... •.....•....•••...... •...... •.• , ...... __ ••.....••.••...... •. _...... _ 10a Compibrison of reccut tobacco erops .. • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • .. . .• . . . . • . . . • . .• . . . . •...... • • • • ...... • • 10,l Varieties of tobacco ...... •...... •...... •....•...... _._ ...•...... •...... , . • ...... • 104. Graclcs of tobacco...... 104. Tobacco soils ...... • . . . . • ...... • ...... • . . . . • . • . . . • • . . . . • • . • . • ...... • • ...... • • . . • • . . . . •• . . . • • 10•1, 105 Tobacco man nres ...... • . . . . . • ...... • ...... • ...... • . • ...... • ...... • . • . • • . • . . . . • . . . . • . . . • • ...... • . • • 105· 'l'ransplanting of tobacco ...... •••...... •..•...... •... _..... •...... • ...... • . . • . • . . . • . . . • • 105 Cultivation of tobacco ...... •••· ..••••.•.....••••..•••••..•...... ••••..•.•••.•••• _,_. •• . . • • . . . • • •• . . . • • . . . . • • . . . . • • ...... • 105· Topping aucl suckering of tobaeco ...... •...••••.... _•.....•...•....•••••••..•...•.•...••...• , . . . . • . • . . . . • . • • • • • •• . • ...... 106 Cutting of tobacco...... l(lG Tobacco-shecls .•.....••..• : ••..•.•••...•.....•••.....••.••.... _.. . • • . • • • . • • . . •• • • • • .• • ••• . . . . •. • • • • • . . . • . . . . • . . • . ••• . . . . • . .. • 106, 107 Cul'ing of tobacco ...... •.....••.•..•.•...... •.•...... •...... ••..••••••...... •....••..••....•....•.•...... •..•.••...•. 1071 108 .After euring .... ~ ...... ••.•..•.••..•....•••••..•.•••••...... : ....•.••.•.•...... ••.•..•...... ••.. _.. •••••.. .. . • 108 .Assorting of tobacco .•.....•••••....•....•....•.•....•.••...... •...... _...••• _. . • . • • • . . . . . • • . . . • • • . . • . . • . • . • • . • • • . . . . 10~ Boxes .•••••.••••. ···-··...... 108 Range jn prices of tobacco .••...... ••...... •...... •.•...... •....•.••••.•..•..••...... •..•....•...... • _... •• . .. . . lOH Value of the last tobacco crop...... 108 Selling of tobacco.... • • • • • . • ...... • ...... • . . . . . • • . . • . • . . . . . • ...... • • • . . . . • • . . . . . • • • . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . • ...... • . • ...... 108, 10!> Where sold ...... ••••.•...... •...•..•.. , ...... •....•.•..•...... •••••..•...... •...... •...... •••...•••.. , • 109' Sweating and shrinkage of tobacco.... .• • . . . . • • • • . .• . •. . •• .• . •. . • • . . . • . . . . • • ...... • . . . .• • •• • . . . • . . . . . • . • ...... • • . • . . • . . •• . • • 109• Sampling of tobacco ...... •••...... ••••...• _.. :.. .• . . • . . . • ...... • . . . . • . . • . • . . • •• • •• • ••• • • • • .• • • • ...... ••• • . . • • ...... • • 109 Price of lancls, etc ...... •.•...... •....••..• _.....••.••••.....•••••.•...••...••...•..••••••.•••.....••••...... ••••... _. •• • lOtl ~~~~:~~-~f·t-;b~~~~ ::: :: ::: :::: ::: :·. ·.:: :::: ·.·.::·:. ::: ::·. ::: ::·. ::·.:::: :·.: :: :·.:::: ::::::·.:: ::: ::: ::: :: ::: :: ::: ::::::: ·_ :: :·.: ~:~::: ii~ 588 .. TABLE OF CONTENTS. vu CHAPTER XII.-CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO IN NORTH CAROLINA. Page. Progress of tho tobacco industry ...... 1ll Ya,riotios of tobacco ..•••.....••.•...... ••••...... •...... ••...... •.••••••... 111, 112 Tol.Jacco soils ....•.•...... ••...... ••.•...... ~ ...... 112, 113 Tho timber growth ...... '...... •.... 113 Rolling 11nd level lan1ls ...... 113 Preparation of the soil...... 113 Tob11cco fertilizers ...... 113, 114 notation ...... ' ...... 114 'Soed-becls ...... 114 Transplanting tobacco ...... · ... · 114 Cultiv,atiou of tobacco ...... 115 Priming, topping, ancl suckering of tobacco ...... 115 Ripening tobacco ...... 115 Cutting of tobacco ...... 115, 116 Tolmcco-ba1·ns ...... 116 The flues ..•...... •. : ...... 116, 117 Cnriug of tobacco ...... 117 Curing tobacco by charcoo,l ...... 117 Plue-curing ...... 117 The growth of flue-curing ...... · · .. · • • · · · 118 TI·eatment of to bacc.o after curing ...... ~ ...... 118 Assorting of' tobacco ...... 110 Discuses of tobacco ...... ······ ···· 119 InsClet enemies ...... · · .. 119 Hrtilstorms ...... ·. ·•·· ···· ···· 110 AYoritgo vahrn of tobacco ...... ···· ···· 110 V11luc ofclifforont grades in 1879 ...... ·•·• ·•• ·•· 119, 120 V1tlue of lands-cost of procluotion-urnrketing the tobacco crop ...... 120, 121 Geology and soils of the tobacco rogiou ...... , ...... · · · · · · · · · · .. • · · · 121-125 Report on tho geology and the soils of ·tho·tobaooo region of North Carolina, by Professor Kerr, state geologist ...... •.•. 121-125 CHAPTER XIII.-CULTURE .A.ND CURING OF TOBACCO IN OHIO. Climate ..•...... : ...... 126 Geology ...... '...... 126 Ilurloy district ...... · ...... · ... -· .... • · · · · · · · · · · · · · --· · · .. · · .. -- · · · · · · · · · · 12G-la2 Comparison of' rooeut tobacco crops ...... ·· ···· · .. · ··· ·•• ... ·· · ··· . 128 Varieties of tobacco grown ...... •· ...... · ·· · 128, 129 See(l-bolls ...... 130 Preparation of soil 111ul planting ...... -...... · · · · · · ·,. · · · .. · · .. · · · · · • · · · · 130 Topriing tobacco ...... _...... _...... : 130 Suckering, cutting, ancl curing of tobacco ...... '...... ··.·········· 130,131 Cost of tobacco prodnotion ...... · ···· ··· · l:u, 1s2 Seecl-lenf clistrict ...... 132-140 History of tobacco culture in the Miami valley ...... • ...... · ...... · · · · · • • · .. 132, fa:l Area, geological formations, and soils ...... · · · · · · · · · .. - · · · · 183-135 Comparison of oro1)s ...... · · · · · · · · · · 135 Varieties of tobacco grown ...... -~·· ...... ·•······· ... 135, lati Proforrod tobacco soils ...... , ...... · · •... ·. · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · - · ... · · · · .. · · · · · · .. · · · · l:l6, 1:17 Pre1mrntion of land for planting and cultivation of the tobu,cco crop ...... ' ...... l:l7-l:l9 Cost of growing 11ncl marketing seed-leaf tobacco ...... - .- ...... ·. · · .. · · · · · · · · -· · · 1:19, J.10 Spangfod, or Eastern tobacco district ...... _....•...... ' ...... ' ...... -...... · · · · · · · .. 141-147 Geology nml soils ...... -...... · . ·. · · · : .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · -.. · 141 History of tobacco culture in the c1istrict ...... '...... · ...... ···· · ·· · · ... · · ·· · Hl, 14~ Preparation of the soil ...... - · · · · -· · -· · · 143 'roppi~g and suckering tobacco ...... -...... - ...... · .. ··. · ·. · · · · · · · · · · · .. .. 143, 144 Curing the tobacco cr·op ...... -...... · · .. · ·. · · · · · · · · · -· · .. · · .... · · · · · · · · · · · · · -- · · · · · ·" · · · 144 Tobacco-houses ...... ; ...... · · · · · · .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 144 Prices of tobacco ...... •...... '...... ··· ... ··· · ···· ······ · · · · ... · ···· 145 Uses ·of tobacco ...... : ...... ······························· .. · 145 Cost ofprocluotion ...... 145, l.4tl \.Yages ...... ,_ ...... _...... 146 Insect enemies ancl diseases . .'...... 146, 147 i CHAPTER XIV'.-CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBAC C 0 IN PENNSYLY ANIA. Its cultivation in colonial times...... 147 Its onltivation in recent years...... 147 Physical n.nd geological features._ ...... __ ...... _...... • . • ...... 148 -Olunate ...... '...... • . . . .. • ...... •...... •. .•...... • ...... •...... ••.• .• . ... • '148 589 ... Vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS . Page. Lan castor county ...... , ...... •...••..... -• · · · · · · • · · · · · · • ·· · · · · · • · · · • · · · · · · · · ·· · · · • · · • · • • · · · · · · · · · · · • • • •• · • ··• · · · · · · .' 148-1(;3 Sitnation and extent ....•...... ••••...... •...... •.....•...... •.•...... •. 14!) Geological features ...... •••...... --.... · • .... · --. ------· · • · -· ..•• -..•...... ••.•...... •..• 1-19 The soil .....•••...... -.. · -· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • • · · · · · · · · • · · · · · • · · · · · · · · · 14[) Varieties of tobacco cultivated .•...... •...... •. ··•····· ...... •.•..•....•...... lf>O The seec1-becl...... - ... · · · ·. · · · · · · · · • · · · • • · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · ·• · · · · · · · • · -· - . · .•...... lfiO Prepa1•ation of tobacco grouncl. .••.....•.....•...... -.. - .. ------· -· · ---· · · · · · · · · · • -· · · --· · · · · · · -· · · -- · · · ...... mo Setting out the plants ...... ····•······· ...... •...•...... "" lfil ' lTield cuUivation ..•...... •...... · · · · .. -··· -•. ·• · .... -· -- ...... lf11 Worming the tobacco .•.•...... -...... -...... - ...... · .. · -...... li>l Topping aud suckering ...... -.... ·. --- . · -· · · · • · · · · · · · · · -· · · · · · · · · · · -• · · · · · · · -· · · · - · - -. · · · ·. · ·. - ...... Hil, Hi:t Cutting the cro11 ...... · .. ·• · -· · · .. · · .. · · .. · · · • · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · • · · · · · · · · · 1G2 The field scaffold ...... •...... •... --- · --- · · · ---· · · ---· · · · -• · · · · · · · · · - · · · · · · - · · · · · -· · · · -- · · - ...... ir.~ Cutting off aud placing on laths ...... -· .... · · · · · · · · ---- · • · -- · · · · · · · · · · -- --- · -· · · · . ----- . -- · -...... lf1:l New methotl of hanging tobacco on laths ...... •.•...... • -- - . · .. · -· · · · ----· .. -· -· • - · · · ------·. · ..... - ...... 15:1, 15·1 Stripping and bulking ...... •.... - . -· · - · .• · · · · · · · · · - · · · · - -- ..... -· · · - . - ...... · ...... 15•1, 15fi Tolrncco-barns ...... ······ ······ ······ ·········· ..... lafi-157 Marketing the crop ...... •. ; ... -...... · - . -.. · · · · - · · · --- · ·· ---· · · · ·. --· .. -- · · · ----- . . . . • . lfi7 Pucking tobacco ...... • ... ···-·.· .. · . · • · · · · -~ --.. ·. • ... - . -· ...... •. 157, 15H Tobacco warehouses ...... -...... - ... · -· -· ·. -.. -· - .•. ··. - ...... - ...... Hitl Does to liucco impoverish tho soil...... - .... -. -- .. · · ..... -. - .... · ...... - . - ...... lfil:! Labor ttrid wages ...... - .. · -- ... ·. -- . · · - · .. · .. - . · · · · · - ..... -- ...... lr>8-1Ul The yield per acre...... • ...... • . . . . . • ...... • . . . • • . . • . . • Hil IP Inspection of tobacco ...... - • · · · ... · · · - .. -...... - ...... • . . . . • ...... 161 St11lks all fertilizers ...... -- .. · --... · - · -.... -. -...... •.. Hll, 162 Blitek-root ...... ~ ...... •. -...... - --- · .... · • · · · · .. -- ...... - . . . . • ...... • 162 Foxy tobacco ...... :...... 1!12 Rapicl growth desirable ...... ·. · .. · -.... ·••...... • • ...... • . . . lli2 Timlier land of the county ...... -...... -· .... · · ...... • ...... • ...... • . . 1 lli2 By whom tobacco is cultivated . . . . • ...... • ...... • • • •...... 1G2 Second tobacco crop ...... · ...... -.....•...... --...... · - ...... -- ...... • ...... lll2 Sowing tobacco seed in the fall...... 1G2 Insurance of tobacco barns ancl crop CHAPTER XV.-CULTURE AND CURING OF TOE.ACCO IN TENNESSEE, Topography, geology, !Lael soil~ of Teuuesseo ...... 108-172 Climate ...•...... : ...... 172 Tobacco districts of T()nnessee ...... __ ...... '...... _...... 173 The Wost Tennessee district ...... , .. l?a, 17·1 Varieties of tobacco planted ...... _•...••..... 17a Soils preferred for tobacco ...... -...... , ...... 17:l,174 Fertilization ancl rotation of' tobacco ...... "17·1 Cltirksville district.... . • ...... • ...... 174-176 Y arie ties of tobacco grown ...... '..•.. 175 Soils adapted to the growth of tobacco in the Clarksville tlistriot ...... , ...... 175, 171) Upper Cumberlaucl River district ....•...... c ...... 177,178 Varieties of tobacco cultivatecl ...... _...... 177, 178 Preparation of tobacco soil and planting ...... 17tl Transp l1tntiug tobacco ...... ' ...... 179 Cultivation of the tobacco crop ...... _...... 179 Topping, worming, ru1d suckering tobacco ...... , ...... • 180,181 Tobacco-houses ... ~ ...... ; ...... 181-183 Cutting and harvesting the tobacco crop ...... ; ...... 183, 184 Curing tobacco ...... 184, 185 Assorting, stripping, and prcpiLring tobacco for market ...... 185-1~7 Tobacco prizes an cl their construction ...... : ...... _•...... 187, 1&3 1.farlrntiug the tobacco crop ...... 188, 11-39 590 TABLE OF CONTENTS. ix •; Pni.r(l, Cost of raiRing tobacco ...... •...... •...•...... •. 189-Hll PriccB oftobacco...... •.. ...• ...... •...... ••.. l!ll West Tennessee district ...... __ , lU:L Clarksville district...... 191 Upper C111nbcrla1al Hiver district...... •...... ~...... • • • ...... • • . . . . • • . 191 Total tol1acco production, acroago, yich11 1L1Hl vahHl...... 192 Experiments with Cuban tobacco...... 1ll2 CIIAPTinn XVI.-CULTURE AND CURING OF 'l'OJ3ACCO IN VI:eGINIA. A whort histor~· of the typos of tobacco produced in Virginia ancl 1\farylnnd ...... 1n2-104. Qunlity of tolHtcco in Virgh1ia ...... 194 Clim11te ...... _.. _...... •...... __ ...... _.. . 1[)5 Storms ...... __ ...... ••..•..•....•.•...... __ ...... •..•.•.....•.. 100. Virgini111mils ...... ,...... •...... l!JO Surface rocks of tht11.ohacco region ...... •...... 19ll, 187 Condition of tobitcco soils...... 1U7 Variet.ies of tobacco ...... HJ!:! Mi CrrAPTEH XYII.-CULTURE AND CURING OF 'rOBACCO IN WEST VIRGINIA. Qimlity of tobacco ...... •.... -...... • ... ·. · ... · ·. · .. • · · . · ... · · •.. · .. -· · ·•·. · · · · · ----· 225, 22(} Geology ancl soils ...... '····· ...... 22(), Climate .•..•...... •...... -...... -•... -..... · · · · ... · ·. · .... · · ..... · -· · · ·. - · · -· -- · · · 226, 227 Varieties of tobacco ...... •...... ••...... 227 'l'he uso of fertilizers rmd preservation of tobacco soils...... • ...... •...... 227,228 Soed-1ic<1s ...... ·....•..•.. 228 Preparation of tobacco lancl and cultivation ...... •...... -...... 228 Topping and priming tolmcco ...... ····'· ...... 228 Cutting, housing, nncl curing of tobacco ...... 228,229 Diseases of tobacco ...... ••....•...... · ...... -· · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · ·· · -· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· · -· · 229 Cost of raising tobacco, etc ...... -...... •...... i\29 Insect enemies oftobaoco -.··· ...... •...... •...•.... •··· ...... ···· ······ ······ ···· ······ ···· ········· ······ ···· 22 CHAPTEU XYIII.-CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO IN WISCONSIN. Timber ...... : ...•.....••.. 2:l(} Clim11to ...... 230 History of tobacco culture in Wisconsin ...... •...... 231 231 232 Tho tobacco district of Wisconsin ...... ·····' ...•...... · .... '...... •...... ••.. 1 Soils for tobacco ...· ...... 232 Grades of tobacco product ..•.•...... •.•••...... •... 232,233. 591 x· TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. 'Tobacco fertilizers ...... •...... •...... •...•••.•....••.....•. 233 :Seed-beds .•...... •...... •...... •....•...... •...•••....•..•....•..•...•.••. 233 Prnp11.r11tion of tobacco soil ...... •...... - .... -.... --...... • · ...... •.... -· · --. -....•.. -•.•.•...... •••. 234 >Cultivation of the tobacco crop ...... •.•...•...... •...... •.... · -• -. --.• - ....• -· .•...... ••. - · . ----- ....•• 234 'Topping and suckering of tobacco ...... -.... -..•...... •...... -..••...... ••...· .....•.... 234 ·Tobacco insects ...•.....•...... - . -. -.. - ...... --- · --- · ----• · -. · · · -· · · --- · ---- · · · · · · · · · · · · · · -· · · · · · • · · · • · · · · 234 1Cu tting, housing, and curing of tobacco ...... ·.. - ...... -....•..•.... · · ------•. -.• -----.•...... ••.. --· . -. --. -. -. 2a;1, 235 Tobacco-houses ...•...... •...... - .•...... -·· ·•· · ·· ··· - · -···· ..... · ···•·· ...... · -· ···· ·•· · ·· ··· • ···· · ·•· 285 .Preparation of tobacco for mm·lrnt, ancl prices ...... •.•...... •...... • .' .•...... ~;~5, 286 Lauds, l!Lbor, au cl cost of tolrncco production ...... ••••...... •...... •...•...... - ..•....•.....•. :!3G Peculi!lrities of 'Visconsin i;obacco .•...... •...... •...... •....•...... •...... •...• 236 Ill Misccl111neons ....•.....•...... •...... •.•.• '" ...... , ...... ••.•.... 23[i, 237 CHAPTER XIX.-THE NEW ENGLAND TOBACCO-GROWING DlSTRICT. Historical notes ...... •....•...... •...... •...... •...... •...... •...... 2:li,23tl 'Tobacco IJrodnct . . • . . . . . • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • . • . . . • . . . • ...... 2:18, 2:m .Surface features...... • ...... • . . . • . . • . . . • ...... • . . • ...... • . . . • • • . 230 ·Goologic!Ll form11tions and ~oils ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • . . . . 2:19-2.t 1 ;Forest growth...... i.Ml •CHAPTER XX.-GENERAL INFORMATION NOT SPECIALLY GIVEN IN THE REPORTS ON THE CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO IN THE SEVERAL S'rA'l'ES . .Seed-beds ..••..•• __ ...... •...... •...... •.•.....•...... •..•.•...... •...... 25G-:.?r1tl Insect enen1ies of the tobacco plant .. __ ...... _...... :..mB-il01 Diseases of the tobacco plant ...... _....•...... ••••...•....•...... •... 2lil, 2G2 Tobacco strips •...... •...... •.. _...... _...... , .... __ ..... _...... • . . . . ~lli:l, 2G:l Conclusion ..•.•..••...... •...... •...... •.. ; ..••...... •.....•..... _...... • . . . . . • ...... \Jli:l, 2li4 ·CHAPTER XXL-REPORT ON THE CHEMISTRY OF AMERICAN TOBACCOS, BY GIDEON E. MOORE, Pu. D. ·Constituents of the tobacco leaf ..••.•..••••.•....•...... •...... •. _...... _.....•...... •...•...... •.•••...••...... 264. 205 Distrilmtion of the cliffereut constituents iu tho lllant ...... • . . . . . • . . . . • ...... • •.• , ..•. i.!!lll Proportion Of nicotino in leaf tobacco, computed on the foaf, dried 11t 1000 C ...... •...... •... 2i)(i Proportion of .nitric aci(} in tobacco, computed on the leaf, clriecl at 1000 C ...... :wn Proportion of ash in tobacco, dried at 1000 C ...... •. _.....•...... •••...... _...... •... 26fi AnalJ ses of certain of the 1n'incipal V!Lrieties of American tobacco ...... - ...... 267 M.ethocls of analysis employecl .•.•...... •....•...... •...•...... •....••• _.•...... •.•.....•....•.. 2l11, 208 .Analyses of American tobaccos ...... •...... •...... _...... -...... 2(i!J,270 '1'11ble I.-Pcrcentage composition oftob11cco, dried at 10oc C ...... 2G!J Table II.-Ash analyses ...... •.•..•...... •.•...... •...... - ...... 2m1 'rable III.-Proportion of mineral ingredients, total nitrogen, ancl potassium carbonate in 100 parts of the loat~ ch'icd at 100° c ...... -...... -. -...... -...... -...... -...... -...... 270 .l'ercentage of nicotine in the prinoiIJal varieties of .American tobacco ....•...•...... - ...... -...•...... ~70 ..Absorptive capacities of co1-t:Lin varieties of American tobacco ....•...... ••...... •...... -- .. -. ---- 271 Varia.tions in thCl composition of tobaccos referabfo to causes attending the growth of the iilant ..•.•...... ·...... •...... ~il-2i:l 'rable IV.-.Analyses of tobaccos grown in Schloesing's experiments ...... -..•...... - 272 ·Changes in com1iosition of to1iacco induced by curing .•.• ~ •...... •...... •.. : .....•.....• : ...... -.. - .... ---- 2ia-21~1 Proportion of nitric ucid iu tobacco during the different stages of fermentation for snuff .••.....•...... •...... •...... 2i4 ·Causes upon which the combnstihility of tobacco depends ...... ••...... -..... -. -- . · 27:'r-27B RelMions between equiviotlenti·11tios 11ncl burning qualities ...... -...... ••.. -·. - i.!i7 Analyses of tob11cco soils •.•...... •...•...... •...... - ..... --- ... · - ... ·' · · ~7ti Methods of analysis ...•.•...... : ...· ...... •...... • _...... • ...... 2itl-280 Table V.-Mechauical analyses oftob!Lcco soils ...... •.•...... , ....•...... ••.•...... •...... 280 Ta,ble VI.-Chemicnl analyses of tobacco soils ...... -· •...•... ---- 280 592 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEJ>ARTMEN'.l.' OF THE IN'.l.'EHIOH, OENSUS OlrFIOlD, Washington, ]). O., 0l'tobcr 15, 1881. Hon. FRANOIS A. w ALimR, Sitperintondent of Census. Sm: I have the honor to snbmit my report on the culture tmcl curing of toba.cco in the United States, togetlwr with speeial reports upon this industry in Arkansa.s, Florida,, Illinois, Irnliana, Kentncky, Louisim1a, Marylaucl, :Missouri, the New Bngland sttttes, Nt"W York, North Ottrolinn, Ohio, Pennsylvani!t, Tennessee, Virginia, '\Yest Vlrg'inia, and Wisconsin. 'rlie product of Flori 594 "'J (i,' I I t CULTURE AND CURING OF TOBACCO IN THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER I. STATISTICAL REVIEW OF THE TOBACCO OROP OF 1879. Tobacco is grown to some extel).t in every state ancl territory of the Union, except possibly Utah, M:ontana1 and Wyoming. As a staple crop it is produced in only sixteen states, in one of which (Arkansas) the indnstry is of recent origin. Of the total crop of the United States in 1879 (472,661,158 pounds) these sixteen states produced 469 1816,203 pounds. The remainder (2,8441955 pounds) wtts grown upon small patches in itll parts of the country, embracing a range of 22 degrees of latitude and 52 degrees of longitude, and exhibiting the remarkable facility with which the tobacco plant accommodates itself to varying conditions of climate and of soil. A considerable quantity of tobacco is grown in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, South Oaroliua, and Texas. This product rarely finds its way even to primary markets. lb is raised for home use, mostly cured by sun and air, ancl is consumed almost entirely for pipe-smoking. A very small part of it is stripped and made into twist f01· chewing, the manipulation being of the rudest character. In Alabama the plant is grown in all but three counties. The average yielcl in 1879 was only 206 pounds per acre, an evidence of careless culture and wretched management. More than one-third of all the tobacco produced in the state was grown in the eight counties lying along the Tennessee l'iver-163,264 pounds on 757 ftcres. In Madison county, upon 224 acres, was produced 36,356 poumls-162 pounds per acre. 'l:he verJr small yield can only be explained by stating the fact that the plant is raisecl only in patches, simply for a cheap article. In Georgia three-fourths of the product was made in that part of the state north of Atlanta, though grown to a small extent in ninety-six of the one hundred and thirty-seven counties. The average yield for the state wns only 235 pounds, that of Oherokee county (17,900 pounds ou 35 acres, an average of 511 pounds) alone showing an approach to profitable production. In Mississippi the average yield was 282 pounds. Of the total product more t.ban nine-tenths was grown north of the latitude of Jackson, and of this not more than 5,000 pounds were produced along the Ya.zoo and in the country between that river and the Mississippi. The only county producing a yielcl indicating even moderately careful cultµre was De Soto, making 12,026 pounds on 27 acres-445 pounds per acre. The soils. of De Soto, Marshall, Tippah, Tishomingo, and of all the northern and eastern counties, except the bottom lands, are well adapted to the production of a fair grade of tobacco, only needing mauurial applications and good cultivation to produce remunerative crops. In South Oarolina three-fourths of the total product was grown in nine counties in the northwestern comer of the state. The average yield per acre in this section was 262 pounds, Oconee county making 4,775 pounds on 13 acres-367 pounds per acre. The plant is grown to a limited extent in 23 of the 33 counties of the state. In Texas the average yield was 323 pounds. The plant was grown in 01 counties; but more than three-fourths of the total product was raised in 35 counties in the eastern part of the state, from Fannin county, on Hed river, to Newton county, on the Sabine. Lamar county, in northeastern Texas, adjoining the Indian territory, made the largest yiekl: 15,003 pounds on 29 acres-an average of 517 pounds. Attempts made by Gern:iau colonists to produce a marketable tobacco met with little success, the product being coarse and of inferior quality. This may have resulted from an improper selection of varieties, or possibly from unfavomble seasons. Extensive bodies of land well adapted to certain types of tobacco are found in the northern and easteru sections of Texas. ' In New Jersey, upon soils and under conditions very much like those of southeastern Pennsylvaniu., tobacco is grown to some extent, Mercer county pro(lucing 69,810 pounds upon 60 acres in 1870, an average of 1,163 ponutls, and Burlington county 94,487 pounds upon 76 acres, an average of 1,243 pounds per acre. Only 8,018 pounds wer(l grown in other counties. Michigan and Minnesota have succeeded well in growing a fair quality of tobacco for home consumption, In Michigan tobacco was planted to a limited extent in forty-seven counties, with an average yield of 404 pounds per acre. Lenawee county, on the Ohio border, reportecl a yield of 6,863 pounds on 10 acres; Monroe county, on lake Erie, in the southeast corner of the state, 5, 757 pounds on 11 acres; and Van Buren county, in the southwest, 4,586 pounds on 9 acres. In Minnesota the average yield was 429 pounds, and the phtnt is grown in fifty counties. A yield of 6113 pounds per acre was reportecl in Saint Louis county, in li1titncle ,mo 30'-an cvide-nce of the lJecnliar climatic conditions of this region, and of the wonderful capacity of the plant to ad1tpt itself to a new lmbitat.ion. In Houston county, in the southeastern corner of the state, on the Mississippi river, a yield of 6,253 pounds on 12 acres was reported; in Meeker county, a degl'ee and a half farther north, 6,403 pounds were grown U]JOn 12 acres. 595 2 TOBACCO PRODucrrroN IN THE UNI'I1ED STATES. Ill In Iowa tobacco was grown in eig·hty-seyen of ninety-nine counties. Seyen counties-Marshall and Grundy, in the central portion of the state; Decatur, Wayne, and Davis, on the Missouri border; .Tones, in the ecntral eastern part; and Madison, in the centml sonthem part-together produced Hl0,391 ponnds, 38 per cent. of the total product of the state. The yield per acre tin Marshitll H53 pounds, and in Grundy 1,,178 pounds) indicates a favorahlo soil and evidences good culture. The average yield of tile state is GOS pounds, exceeding that of Virginia 40 pounds per acre. Experiments made with the White Burley tobacco have given satisfactor,y results. In Kam;as tobacco was planted in sixt;y-two counties. Two counties, Frr1llklin and Oluiutanqna, }lroducecl more than 10,000 pounds each, the· former aventging· 778 and the latter 567 pounds per acre. The product is red, coarse, ~incl of inferior quality, aud is used only for home consumption. In Otoe county, Nebraska, there were grown 10,065 ponnds of tobacco on 11 acres, an average of D15 pounds, but nothing is known of the character of the product. California produced some bright yellow tolmcco of good quality in 1874; but t,he industry lias not grown hi importance: an indication that the cnltnrn lrns not been profitable. San Benito county reported 5!J, 100 pounds grown in 1879 011 U4 acres, itn average of !J23 pounds per acre; Los Angeles 8,200 ponncls, grown on 10 acres. So far as can be ascertainecl only a fow snmll 9rops were grown in 1880. Beplies received to inquiries as to tobaceo· growers i11 San Benito state that 110 tobacco was planted in that county, and that only two persons were k11owu to be engaged in its production in Santa Olara. Tobacco is gTown to t"L sma.11 extent in Arizona, New JYiexi. o, :"\ i·~·:Hfo, Colorado, Idaho, Dn1rnta, Oregon, arnl Wlishington territory, but the eharacteristics aml capabilities of tlH· ~\1!llR or this yast region are comparatiYel,Y unknown. The following talmhw st}1tement shows the acreage, production, J'ielcl per it-11 <',value of crop in formers' lmmls or in primary rnark'ets, value iicr lrnudrecl pon11tl~, value per acre, cost per hundred pomHls aml per acre, iuHl profit }HW hundred pounds and per acre of the tobacco crop of 1879 in the states produciug it !Hl a staple, with the muk of each state in ltcreage, production, etc. Kentucky, Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois produce, in st~1mrate districts of their respective territory, two or more distinct classes of tobacco, differing widely in the eha.racter aJHl iu the ya.Inc of the cured product. Thfl :figures are given in the table for these districts sepamtely: ·-·-----=-·~~======-=~,~====,======·-=-"=--=-~=--=~~"C--"CC._ ... .-~----·C ·_-c_---';,s·· ··"-==_-.c;c·:.~=·_-~-..-·_-.~ RANK OF EAOII STAT!~. ~ ] . ] ~~ ~~ a .i:i~ .,. ~ rg.,.]~!l STATES. ~ §'§ § " 15.;g., .,.; ii .~ ti"" (;l f;J 0 """ .; 13 'O"l'l .,. .,. 'O;:: ~.::;& r .§ ~ ., ~ .El ti~- ~ l!i€ " 8 ... ' TOB.A.000 OROP OF THE UNITED STATES, BY OOUNTIES (CENSUS OF 1880) . .ALABAMA. County. .A.01•os. Pounds. County. .A.cros. Pounds. County. .Acres. l'ouncls. Total .••••...••.....•.. 2, 107 452, •120 Cronslrnw ...... 38 o, 256 M11con ...... 6 080 Cullmnn ...... 41 8,888 Mndison ...... 224 86, 350 A.ut1mg1i ...... 8 1, 844 Dnlo ...... 2 250 Mnrongo ...... ~!! 7,470 Dnldwin ...... 1 350 Dullns ...... 13 1, 078 Mnrion ...... •14 8, 285 Darhour ...... 22 3, 512 DoR:1tllJ ...... 10 4, 322 Mnrshnll ...... 48 o,no Dlbb ...... 30 5, 248 Monroe ...... 11 2,400 mount ...... 48 o, 012 Elmore ...... 12 2, 585 Montgomery ...... •..... 2 318 Dnllook ...... 8aa Etowah ...... 47 11, 883 ·Morgnn ...... 52 17, 705 Dutlor ...... 7 2, 550 l!'ayotto ...... 37 7, 184 Perry ...... 24 4, 522 Cnlhonn ...... 20 o, li02 Franklin ...... 17 a, 087 Pickons ...... lil 8, 037 Gonovn ...... 4 048 Chambars ...... 30 8, 055 Piko ...... 5 1011 Cherokee ...... : ...... 82 14, 818 R11nllolph ...... , ... . 44 11, 521 Groono ...... 41 0, 820 Cltilton ...... 4 Russell ...... 2 30~ 587 Hn.lo ...... 10 5, 540 Uhoctnw ...... Snint Cluir ...... , ...... 53 11, 208 28 4, 322 Hanry ...... 24 4,400 Ulnrko ...... Slrnlhy ...... 10 2, 208 10 2, 840 Jackson ...... 00 17, 127 Clny ...... Sumter ...... 1ll 2, 027 85 18, 468 Jofl'orson ...... 55 17, 040 Clohnrno ..••.•...... BG 15, 113 Tnllndoga ...... 30 5, 520 T11llapoos11 ...•.•...... •...... 21 51 850 Cofl'uo • • • • • • .. .. • • .. .. . • .. • .. 5 1, 408 Lnm1tr ...... 40 10, 420 5, 508 Colho1·L . • ...... • • ...... • . .. . 84 8, 626 Lnuderdnlo ...... 105 10, 870 Ti1scu.loos1t ...... 20 60 10, 000 Couoouh ...... 7 1,210 Lawrence ...... 105 27, 270 'Wu.lker ...... Coos!\...... • . . • ...... 28 5, 258 Leo ...... 11 1, 700 Wilcox ...... 15 Covington...... 8 1, 764 I Limestone ...... 107 82, 084 Winston ...... B ·--·--·------·-·--··------'----'-----:.;._------.------'---- ARIZONA, ~iml\ ...... l___ iJ_ ooo_ll·-·:·~··::·········: ...... +...... 1...... 11 ...... _.~~=~:~=~J~:~~-~J=~~-·· ARKANSAS. 'J'ota.l ...... 2, 004 070, 220 Greene ••..••.••.•••..••..••. 8 5, 785 Parry ...... 14 5, 010 Hempstend ...... 12 8, 000 Phillipa ...... 12 11, 172 .A.rknns11s ...... 15 5, 052 Hot Spring ...... 28 5, 828 Pike ...... 10 ~~--~~~~--'---~-'-~-~~-'.!..- CALII!'ORNIA.. Toto.I ...... 78, 817 Humboldt ...... 1 1 850 Novndn...... 1 l, 000 .===,l=====ll Los .A.n~eles ...... 10 8, 200 San Benito ...... 04 59, 100 Dntte ...... 1 200 Mendocino ...... aoo San Jenquin ...... 2 900 Onln.verns...... 1 500 Merced ...... 1 500 Sonom1> ...... 1 007 Del Norte...... 1 1, 040 597 4 TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN THE UNI1'ED S'rATES. CONNECTICUT. County. Acres. l'omvlt<. Pounds. [____c_o_=_ty_. ____ _.A._c_re_s_. _r_~'-m_a_s_. _ ------~~-un_tY_····- ····------1 1 Tota.l ...... 8, 606 14, 044, 052 Litchfield. -...... 1,5h6 2, 211, 151 Now Lomlon ...... 10 ~o. a22 14iddlesox ...... · · ...... 573 ooo. 753 I Tollnml...... 405 6(){1,634 !'airfield ...... 802 073, 933 NewH11ven .•••••.•.•...•.... 107 215, 105 Windhnm. - .... . 2 l, 8.'iO Ha.rtford ..••••• -. ----••.••••. 5, ll2 9, 030, 514 DAKOTA. Total ...... 1 51 1, 80711 Donbmnme ...... 1 ------...!.----'------"----- DELAWARE. _T_ot_ai._···_···_···_···_····....L·J _ _J'l __ 1,_21s....!Lll _Ken_t .. _ ... _ ... _ ... _... _...... _ _ ... -'-.1 __u I,____ 1~~-Jr~~~~st10 ...... ············! DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. _wash-ington_.••.• _•••••• _••. ···!.-I-'-2 j _1,400_,,___ll·····_·· .... _...... _ ...... _.. ····-'--··l····----'·····-1····· .... :~~-~~l[~-.~~.:~~=~=~=l:=~l····: ... ~:-.• ~ .. FLORIDA. Total ...... 90 21, 182 J'nckson ..••...... 4 834 Or1mgo ...... 1=====11 J'ofi'eraon ...... • .... •• . 5 !i07 Snntn. noel\...... 7 Alachua...... 11 980 Lafayette...... •• • ...... 4 1, 180 Sum tor...... • • • • • . • • • • • . 1 Calhoun . • • • ••••••.• ••• .• • • . . 915 Leon...... 10 B, OO!i Suwnnnoo.... . • • .. • •• • • • • • • . 2 Clay...... 1 BOO Madison...... 5 1,045 '\Vulton...... 3 Columbia . • • • • .. • • • • •• • • . • • . . 8 785 M 18 1 258 ar1 on ...... • · • · ...... · .. ·.. • Wnshfngton 2 G__ a,_la_d_en_._·_·_· ._ ••_._··_·_· ._._··_·_· ·_·_,,,· ___1_4_,__ __o_, _01_1-"--M_o_nr_o_e_•• _._ .._·_· ._._· ._ ••_._· _.. _ •• _._· ._:._ __· _1_'----~- ______:·.~_·_:_:~~~-~]______·----· . GEORGIA. ------·-----.. ···------·-·--··· .. ·--·-·-···· TotoJ...... ·...... 971 228, 590 Floycl...... 20 5,069 Murray ...... 10 ===1=====11 Forsyth ...... 26 7, 570 Nowton ...... 1 Appling -. • • ...... • • . . . . . • • . 7 1, 089 Franklin ...... 22 4, 266 Ooonoo ...... 3 Baldwin . .. . . • .• . . • • ...... 1 420 Fulton ...... 5 1, 500 l'uul!llng ...... 84 Bartow...... BO 9,744 Gilmor ...... 7 2, 862 l'lckmrn ...... 22 6,(J.10 Bulloch...... 6 880 Gordon ...... 14 4, 053 Calhoun . • .. • • • • • • • • .. . • • • • • • 2 811 Greene ...... 7 1, 940 l'lko ...... :: ...... 0 Gwinnett ...... , ••• 40 ll, 688 Polk ...... 22 Carroll...... 15 2,792 Habersham . __ ...... 10 2, o6a ltalmn ...... 18 Catoosa .•..•..•••••••.•...••. 7 2, 837 Hall ...... 45 8, 201 Spnltling ...... Chattal10oohoo ..••••...... •.• s 510 Ilancock ...... 7 l., 020 StownrL ...... Chattooga ...... 4 980 Haralson .••••••••••••••••••• 85 10, Cherokee ...... 35 17, 900 138 Ilarrie ...... _...... _ ....•. I 5 1, 108 · Sum to1· ...... 1 ~rn Ilart ...... 20 5, 204 Talbot ...... 4 719 Clarke ...... 1 4451 Hoard ...... 11 1, 030 'l'lllfnfot•ro ...... 1 :W5 Clinch ...... 1 275 I Ilelll'y ...... 2 '.l'nylor .•••••.••••..•••....••. 1, 000 Cobb ...... 4 740 420 Houston ..... _...... 8 874 Tolfnir ...... ~I ~Iii Coffee ...... 5 l, 003 J'uckson ...... 14 4, 088 Colquitt ...... 5 l,l.6G Jasper ...... 1 277 '!'homn~ ...... 2 Gli'.I J'ones ...... 5 1, 023 Towns ...... 40 n, J~i Coweta .•.•.•..•..•••••..••.• 2,454 '.rroup .•••••..•..•.••.••..••• 5 ~I }3,i Crawford_ .•..••.••••.•.•••.• 766 Lincoln ...... 10 4, 030 Union ...... 43 7,707 Dade ...... 8 435 Lumpkin ...... 46 10, 021 Upson ...... 8 911 Dawson ...... ~ •..•..... · 19 8, 002 McDttfllo-...... 2 855 Decatlll' ...... 2 863 Macon ...... 1 855 '\Vnlker .•.•••.•.••••••••••••• 7 2.377 Madison ...... 480 Walton ...... Ii l,~57 DeKalb ...... '. ••. 6 l, 676 Marion •••.••..•••..••.•....• B 645 '\Vnro ...... l 235 Dooly ...... 2 887 Merl wother ...••....•.•••.••. 23 5,872 Whlto ...... 24 4,73S Elbert ...... 5 .1. 020 Milton ...... 0 075 Whltlloltl...... 2ll Fannin ...... 53 6, l.'07 o, 807 Monroe ...... 1, 000 Fayette ...... 11 2,537 Montgomery ...... "5 500 Worth .•••••••••••••••••••••• 0 1,780 IDAHO. Nez Perce ...... / - ----.... ~- 400 II ··-··-·······-··-···-·········· ·········- ·••·•••·••·••• l·························~:.J.:.:.:.=1·~~:~= 598 I I I STATISTICAL REVIEW OF CROP OF 1879. 5 ILLINOIS. County. Acres. Poun Total ...... 5, 612 8, 035, R25 Hancock ...... 0 1, 055 Moultrie ...... 11 4, 430 Ilar Total ...... 11, 055 8, 872, 842 Ilenclrlcke ...... 12 5,820 Pike ...... 074 087, 074 Henry ...... 13 11, 225 Porter ...... B 1, 417 Adams ...... 7 2, 035 Ilownrd ...... 11 6,670 Posey ...... 43 25, 035 .A.lien ...... 10 17, 008 Iluntlngton ...... 6 B, 035 Pulilski ...... •...••.•.•••.... 11 0, 000 Bnrtholomow ...... 40 87, BO·i Jackson ...... 19 10, 002 Putnam .•••.•.••.•...... 2Qi. 11, 024 Blnokford ...... 1, 100 Iloone ...... 25 10, 012 Jasper ...... 7 4, 627 Rnnclolph ...... 21 8, 601 J11y ...... 4 2, 110 Ripley .•...... •...•...... 20 11, 840 Bl'own ...... 251 100, 205 Jofl'uraon ...... 83 2a, 821 Rush ...... 2 l, 110 Cnnoll ...... 10 5, 150 Jennings.:...... 21 10, 685 Saint Joseph ...... 2 025 Cnss ...... B 488 Jolmson ...... 5 B,035 Soott ...... 14 4, 780 Cla.rk ...... 87 24, 105 Olay ...... 18 5, 800 Knox ...... 7 4, 045 Shelby ...... 47 40, 791 Clinton ...... 15 7, 070 Koaoiuslco ...... 5 B, 802 Spencer ...... a, S55 2, 50B, 550 Crawforil ...... 20 JO, 020 Lagmnge ...... 1 GlO Stnrke ...... ; ...... 2 1,857 Dn.vlcss ...... 85 20, 280 La.Porte ...... 2 785 Steuben ...... 1 860 Donrborn ...... l. 200 Lawrence ...... 20 ll, 542 Sullivan ...... 48 22, 125 Deontnt' ...... 7 2,847 Jrfail!son ...... 0 4, 745 Switzmfand ...... 70 70, 298 DeKalb ...... 1 387 Marlon ...... 5 2, 256 Tippeoauoe ...... ~ .. 7 B, 045 Doln.wnre .... -11- ...... 5 2, 231 Marshall ...... 8 2, 024 Tipton ...... 21 o, 821 Dubois ...... 1, 144 770, 024 Martin ...... 20 10, 671 Union ...... 4 2, 825 Elkhart ...... 8 1, 075 Ml11mi ...... 4 l, 630 Vanderburgh ...... 0 4, 355 Fayet.ts ...... 0 6, 450 Monroe ...... 28 10, 287 Vermillion ...... 10 5, 566 Floyd ...... l 205 Montgomery ...... 18 o, 240 Vigo ...... 8 4,245 F1mnt11,!n ...... 25 8, 404 Morg11n ...... 14 6,400 Wabash ...... 29 20, 280 Franklin ...... 5 1, 007 Newton ...... 2 850 ·warren ...... 18 5, 850 Fulton ...... 5 1,814 Noble ...... 2 803 Warrick ...... 4, 278 B, 258, 823 Gibson ...... 128 01, 015 Grant...... 4 l, 775 01110 ...... l 1,000 Washington ...... 76 50, 606 Groene ...... 125 02, 350 Orange ...... 57 41, 830 Wayne ...... 248 268, 024 Uirn1ilton ...... 9 4, 570 Owen ...... 42 21, 090 "\Vella ...... ,...... 0 6, 4011; Hanr.ook ...... 6 a, no Parke ...... 26 11, 582 White ...... 6 4,215 Jfot'l"IMn ...... : ...... 10 0, 630 l'erry ...... 232 lM,480 Whitley ...... 1 800 ii99 6 TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN THE UNI'rED STATES. IOWA. County. .A.ores. Ponncls. County. .A.ores. l>ounds . County. .A.er es. Po ands. Totnl .••.•• ·-·········- 602 420, 477 Delaware·--· .••..••...... -·· 7 3, 054 Mal'ion ...... 7, 250 1====1,=====11 Des Moines ...•.. ·--··· ...... 8 t, 427 Marshall ... -...... ~ ...... 24 22, 875 .A.ilair. _...•• __ ...... 2 1,120 Dubuque ...... 10 7, 020 I Mills ...... n l, 3Hi Ai111ms ...... 4 2,480 F11yetta ...... 7 8,404 Mitcho!l ...... 3 1,534 .A.l111makoo ...... 8 4, 5Sl ll'loycl. .... _... -...... 4 1, 020 I Monona ...... 4 1, 630 Appl'1100SO ·•••••• ...... 12 6, 841 Fmnklin ...... 4 2, oao Monroe ...... 4 1, 1355 Audubon ...••••.•••••....••. s l,G42 Fremont ...... 11 6, 000 Montgomery ...... _ ... ,, a 1, 265 Greeno .••••.•••••....•..•••. 1 631 Musoatlne ...... 2 890 Benton ...... s 1, 590 Grundy ...•.•..•.••••••••.••. 22 82, 525 O'Ilrien •• 1...... 1 7-04 Ililiok Ira.wk ...•••••...... •.• s 1, 280 Gttthrio ...... n, 210 Pttgo ...... - ...... 6 3, 885 noone ...... 6 4, lll7 Ir11m!lton ••• _...... 3 1, 584 Pillo Alto ...... 1 425 nremor ...... 2 571 Iro,ncook ...... 1 203 l'olk ...... B l, 725 nnolrnnun ...... 8 1,952 Ifardin ...... 2 f355 Pottawattamie ...... 4 2,48li Iro,rrlson .••.•...•••••.••••• - . 2,805 Poweshlok ...... 7 D, 430 nueua Vista ...... 1 650 Ironry ...... 12 7,800 Ringgold ...... 11 o, 026 nutler ...... 10 7,875 Irownrd ...... 1, 700 Sno ...... 550 Calhoun ...... 1 700 4 l Shelby ...... 171 Cass ...... 1 870 Iowa ...... 8 4,740 a a, Jnckson ...... •••.•.....•. 4, 599 Cedm.• ...... , ...... 4 S,408 8 n,222 Story ...... lll Juspor ...•••.•..•.••••••..••. 12 o, 228 Tnma ...... 18 D,854 J eft'erson • • • • • . • •.•• _ ..•••••• 17 8,155 Taylor ...... 4 l, 705 Cerro Gordo ...... , ...... 8 5, 520 Cherokee ...... 8 5, 000 Johnson ...... 3,470 Union ...... 5 1, 020 Ch!cknsaw ...... 12 7, 006 Jones ...... Bl Sl,507 Vnn Iliu·on ...... 22 0,178 Clurka ...... 14 8, 655 Xookuk ...... 18 8, 220 W'ape!lo ...... _...... 8 6,176 Clayton ••••....•••••••••••••• 10 4, 135 :Kossuth ...... 2 1, 287 Wnnon ...... 7 3, 402 Loo ...... 15 4, 250 Wnahlngton ...... 5 s, 040 Clinton ...... 1 250 Linn ...... 4,277 Wayne ...... 31 19,835 Cmwford •••.....••.•••...••. 1 082 Louisa ...... 1, 070 Webstm· ...... 7 l,462 Dallns .: ...... 6 4, 556 Lucas ...... 11 7, 000 Winnelingo ...... '1 0,002 Davis ...... 10 12, 186 M11dlson ...... 87 14, 175 Winneshiek ...... 3 l,513 Decatur ...... 47 27, 288 Mnhaskl1 -···-- ...... 11 5,705 Worth ...... 6 2,816 KANS.AS. Total ...... 883 191, 069 Ellie ...... 6 4, 505 Montgomery ...... 2, 010 l====l=====,11 Franklin ...... 15 11, 670 Morris ...... : ...... 770 Allen ...... 5 1,886 Greenwood ...... 4 a, o5o Nemahll ...... 4 1,802 .Amlerson ...... 8 1,425 Il1u·per ...•• , ...... 1 800 Nooaho ...... 12 7, 250 .A.tchlson ...... 10 0,088 Ira1·vey ...... s 1, 025 Oangc ..•.•...... •....•.•••• 0 2, 651 narton ...... 1 010 Osbome ...... 1 585 Bourbon ...... 8 2,655 Jnckson ...... 5 2,800 Ottawn ...... 1 805 Jclforson ...... 8 5,145 Brown ...... 2 830 PhHllps ...... 2 1,4~ Jowell ...... 6 8,120 Ilutlor ...... 7 4,785 l'ottawntomie ...... 0 5, 040 Johnson ...... 5 2,460 Cho.so ...... :l 800 Republlo ...... 12 7, ODO Chautauqua ...... 20 11, 345 Kl11gm11n ...... 4 5, 000 235 Cherokee ...... '1 2, 285 Rlloy ...... 2 LabeMo ...... a 4,837. Rush ...... , ...... 9 5,076 Clay ...... 4 1,700 Louvcmwo1th ...... 6 a, 785 Sedgwick ...... 1 320 Cloud ...... 4,415 7 Lincoln ...... 1 260 Shawnee ...... 2 880 Coffey ...... 4 2, 505 Linn ...... 6 G, 560 Smith ...... B 2, 412 Cowley ...... B 060 Lyon ...... 6 2, 025 Crnwford ...... 7 4,580 Sumnor ...... 1 640 Wnbnu11soe ...... s l, 495 Davia ...... 1 705 McPherson ...... 1 000 Wnahington ...... 11 5, 660 Dickinson ...... · ••• 1 600 Mo.don ...... 2 800 Wilson ...... 7 4, 005 Doniphan ...... 0 B, 835 Marshnll ...... 6 2, 070 Woodson ..••.•.•••••..••••.. 5 3,045 Douglas ...... 11 2, 718 IM'.nmi ...... 14 o, 600 Elk ...... 0 5, 216 Mitchell ...... 2 675 Wyandotte ...... 8 5, 160 KENTUCKY. Total ...... • • • .. .. • • . . . 226, 120 171, 120, 784 Il11th ...... ! ...... 112 70, 810 Boyfo ...... ~ ...... '. 18 6, 262 .A KEN'fUCKY-Continued. ='======~======c==~-ccccc.=.=·-,,_==··======i-"-====coc County. Acres. Pouncls. County. .A.ercs. Pouncls . County. Acres. Ponncls. ------1------______,____ ----·-·------1------Ilntler ••••.••••••••••••••.••. 1, 052 1, 030, 020 llcnry ...... 4, 371 4, om, 708 Muhlcnbnrgh .•...... •.•..... 3, 850 2, 731, 710 Calclwell .••.••••...•..••..••. 4, 272 • 3, 215, 002 lliokmnn .••••••••••.••...... 658 401, 040 N11lson .•••••..•...•.••..•.••. 14 4, 722 Calloway ...... 5, 035 a, 477, 520 Hopkins ...... 6, 744 5, 028, 485 Nicholas ..•..•..••..•...... •. 038 750, 116 Cnm1iboll ...... 801 704, 527 J1rnkson ...... •...•.•. 41 D, 288 Ohio ...... 4, 707 a, 187, ooo Cnrroll ...... 2, 780 2, 584, 115 Jofforson ...... 20 11, 032 Oldham ...... 305 2115, 800 Carter ...... 59 22, 403 Jessamine ...... 1, mm CILBe>y •••••••••••.••••.••.•••• 125 07, 440 ,ToJmson ••••••.••••••••••..•• 50 12, 500 0\VOll •••••••••••••••••••••••• 7, 007 5, 705, 351 Christinn ...... 18, 475 12, 577, 57'! Kenton ...... •...... •. 2, 858 2, 322, 771 Owsley ...••...... •....•.. 20 9, 005 Clark •••.•••••••••.•••••.•••. 38 17, 187 Knox ...... •.•...•....•.••. 37 10, 008 Pcmcl!oton ...... 5, 302 4, 072, 201 Clay .•••••••••.••.•..••••.•.. 51 12, 274 Litltne •••.••••••••.••••••••. 503 350, 850 Piko ...... 100 18, 048 Powell ...... '. •.. 88 8, 543 Clinton ..••••...... •.. 143 77, 408 Lauro! ...... 08 23, 202 Crlttenclon •.•••....•..••..•.. 2, 808 1, 647, 030 Litwronco .•••••.•.•.•••..•... 101 23, 302 Pulaski .•...... •. 100 ao, srn Cumberlm1d •••••....•...•••. 885 071, 070 Leo •.••.•..••••.....•••.••••• 20 10, 070 Robortscu ...... 2,305 1, 722, 308 Daviess ..•.•.•••...... ••...•. 12, 200 9, 523, 461 Leslie .....•.••.....•••••..••. 1.1 2, 056 ltookcastlo ...... 52 17, 181 :Eclmonsou .•.••..•••.•••.•••• 727 450, 070 Letcher .•...•..••.•••.....•.. 23 2, 007 ltowau ...... 41 24, 430 Elliott .....•.•...•.••••...•.. 112 ar.,oss Lowis .•••..•••.••.•••.••.•••. 1, 510 l, 030, 000 Russon ...... 110 75, •JOO Estill .•••••.••..•.••.•••••••• 58 18, 880 Lincoln ...... 07 35, 214 l•'ayotte , ....•..•.....••.•.••• 2 702 J,ivh11'ston .•••.•..•...•....•. 1, 127 700, 578 Soolt ...... 210 100, 53[> l•'lemlng .•.•..••...•..••...•. 1, 648 1, 300, 855 J,og1111 ..•.•••••••.•••••.••... 8, 104 o, 030, 083 Slrnlhy ...... 001 620, 202 :b'loyil .•••••.•••.•••.••••••••• 73 12, 845 Lyon ...... 1, 855 080, 403 Simpson ...... 2,240 1, 008, 055 41 28, 185 Fmnklin .•••.••••••••••• ·•.••. 1, 208 880, 301 McCracken ...•...... ••. 8, 877 2, 410, 825 Spcuc01• ...... Fulton ...... ••.••.... 537 410, 337 McLean ...... 4, 034 n, 120, 610 Taylor ...... ••...•.•••...... 1,520 032, 020 Gnllatin .•••••••••...... l, 249 1, 205, 307 Mncllson ...... 82 BO, 173 •.roclcl ...... 8,450 5, 808, 425 Gal'l'nrcl ...... 80 ·15, 012 Magoffin .•••.•...... •.••••••. 7B 11, 464 Tl'igg ...... ••..•...•...... 8, 481 5, 067, 1•13 Grant ..•...•...... •••..... 2,430 2, 130, 215 Marion .....•.•...•.•..•.••.. 171 101, 080 Trimble ...... •.•.•.•••..•••. 2, 070 1, 658, 307 Graves ...... •...••..• 11, 818 8, 001, 434 Marslm!l .••••...... •...... 2,085 1, 411, 002 Union ...... a, oa4 2, 000, 203 Gm;,·aou ...••.•••.•..••••.••• l, 770' 1, 005, 2-14 Martin ...... so 0,484 Warron ...... 8, 1'.i65 2, 605, 388 Green ...... 2, 845 1, 417, 070 Mason ...... 5,405 o, 201, 385 Greenup ....•.•. ." ....•....••. 42 21, 003 Moa!le •.••• '...... •.••...... 094 488, 250 Wt\Shingtou ...... 87 •13, 800 Jinncook ...... ••.••...... s, 037 2, 155, 180 Mon!foo .•••...... •.••.•••. so 18, 808 W11yno ...... 50 20, 204 Jlardiu ...... , ••••• 540 874, 802 Mercer ...... 20 H,BOO Webster .....•.••...... 0,447 4, 740, 082 Harlan •.••••••.•••••••••••••• 2 700 Metcalfe ...... 042 014, 577 Whitley ....••....•...... •••. 10 3, 408 Jiarrlson •...•...... ••••..• 1, 057 l, 201, 072 Monroe> ...... 882 187, 141 Wolfe ••••••.•••••.••..••..••. GO W, 520 Hart .••••..•••.••••••.••..•.. B, 027 2, 220, 626 Montgomery ...... •.•...... 123 128, 472 Ifonilorson ...... 12, 408 10, 812, 681 Morgnn .•...... ••..•.•...•.. 00 o, 081 Woodford ...... 1 580 LOUISIANA. Total ••••••••••.•••••.. 253 55, 054 lhel'la ...... 2 510 Sabino ...... 2, 8BD PAmsn. Jackson ...... 0 2,480 Saint Holen a ...... 225 .A.voyellee ••••••••••••.••.•••. 90 5, 202 LaFayotto ...... 24 2, 384 SaintJ11mee ...... l•J, 080 Iloes!or ...... 4 1,005 Lincoln ..•.••••••••••.....••• 6 2, 000 Saint Landry ... ~ ••..••••.••. 1,262 Caddo •...... •.•..••••••••••. 1, 268 Livingston •.•••••••••••• , •••• 8 885 Saint Martin ...... 775 Calensiou .•••••.•••...... •. 9 2, 010 Tnnl'IJlnhon. .•...... ••.....•. 2 275 Cnhhvcl! ...... 8 1, 780 Union ...... ••.•••••• 2 605 Catahonl11 .••.•••••••••••••••• 1 870 Morehouse ...... •...... •. 1 380 Vemi!ll!on ...•..•..•..•....•. 1, 111\ ne Soto .••••••••..••••••••••. 14 4, 286 Natchitoches ••.••••.•.•••••. 1 405 Vernon ...... 210 Eaat Baton Rouge ....•.•.••• 1 400 Ouachita .•••.•••••••..••.•••. 1 445 Webster ...... 8 1,155 Franlclh1 ...... 2 585 Point Coup6e ...... 500 Gmnt ...... 1 220 Red River •...•••••..••...••• 1 875 Winn ...... •••.•••.•••.••••• 22 4,840 MAINE. !fagnclahoo ...... ·I 250 II··········'.· ...... ······I···· ······I······ ·······-II-····· ·························l·········f== MARYLAND. Total .••.•.••••••••.••. 88, 174 26, 082, 147 C11rroll ..••.•.••••••••••.••••. 102 187, 171 Montgomery...... 1, 053 800, 086 .====1======11 Cecil ...... 48 50, 030 Prince George's ...... o, 087 o, 575, 240 COUNTY. Charles ...... Saint Mary's ...... 5,528 4,420, 316 .A.llogany .••••••••••••••••••• 2 1, 115 7, 018 5, 145, 500 Frederick .•••••.••••••••.•••. 429 870, 840 Somerset ...... 2 1, 055 Anne Arunclel .••.•••••...••. o, 271 4, 441, 010 Ga1•rett ...... 4 1, 027 Wnsbington ...... 5 7, 050 Dnltimore ...... 12 o, 001 Calvert ...... 6, 848 s, 886, 845 Harforcl .•...... ••.•...... 52 08, 085 \Vioomioo .•...... ••••. 1,388 Cnroline ..... _•...•• 1 1,422 Howiird ...... 208 .. 188, 930 Worcester ...... 1 265 601 8 TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED srrA'I1ES. MA.SS.A.OHUSETTS. Aoroa. Pom11la. County. .A.ores. Poun!la. 1 County. I Acres. Ponnds. ~-~'.1~~~: __ Total ...... • • .. . • • .. . .. ___8, 358 _ 5, 369,4361 J!"'ranklin ...... ~ ~;;~ns ;fl linmpHhiro ...... 1,418 1 _B_er_k_s_hl_re_.__ ._ .. __ ·_· ·_·_··_·_-_ .• _._ .. _._ .. _,__ __a_o_,_ ____s 5, 74~_1 Hamp:~~~..... 638 1, 051, 474 , Norfol-1<--~~~~-~ ...... 1 MICHIGAN. Total ...... 170 ·~~.-;o~-r Inghnm ..~~~:~:=:.~~~~-·--2 .. 708 L Muakog:i1 ..-~_-:·.-.:~. ~.~-~:-. -~-: l 210 ====l======!I Ionia ...... -· 2 1, 135 j Nt"vaygo ...... 2 l,~ Allegan ...... •••.•••••..•. 4 1, 983 Isabella...... l 425 I Oaklnntl ...... 2 llU Antrim ...... s 1, 925 J'nckson ... •...... 5 9, 171 . Oct•nnn . . . • • . • • .. • ...... 1, 735 Barry ...... 3 2, 160 Kal11rnnzoo ...... 485 OU11w11 ...... n l,3i'$ Bay ...... l 286 Benzie ...... 1 905 Kent ...... 4 3,147 ,, Siiglnnw ...... 1,m Berrien ...... 2, 120 Lapeer ...... · 5 2, 008 Snlnt Clnir ...... 1 :i. OOll Branch ...... 4 2, 213 Loolanaw ...... 5 1, 937 Sn Int J'osopl1...... 2 J, 3711 Calhoun ...... B 730 Lcrn1weo ...... 10 6, 803 Sm1ilne ...... 2, llli1 C11ss ...... 6 a,4oo Maomnb ...... 8 1 HB5 1 ShhtWllSRNI ...... 2, 2l!:li Eaton ...... 5 2, 850 I Emmet ...... 2, 080 Manistee ...... 287 Genesee ...... 2 540 M11nitou ...... 2 322 Tuaoolii .....•.•...••••••••••. 8 Gratiot ...... 4 1,537 Midland ...... 230 Ynnl!uron ...... 0 I!lllsdalo ...... 9 2, 189 Monroe ...... 11 u, 757 "\Ynshtonr.w ...... 2 Huron ...... 4 1, 5511 Montonlm ..••.....••...... •• l 550 "\Yayno ...... 8 ------'----'------MINNESOTA. ------,----,------.,.------···----·······- --·······-····------··-·--··-··---·· , ... Total...... 163 09, 922 Goodhue ...... 405 Hnmaoy ...... 2 l,ll:!O =~-==== Honuopln ...... 006 lloihvoocl ...... llUI Anoka...... S 1, 025 Houston ...... l:l o, 253 Hnnvlllti ...... 2 1177 Becker...... 1 333 Isanti...... 8 2, 000 lt!oo ...... 7 MOO Benton...... a 039 K11udlyohi...... 4 2, 010 Saint l~oula ...... I, ll:lO Blue Earth .. . . • • . • . . • • ...... 2 000 Scott ...... 4 _2,4SO llrown ...... 930 Lo Snmu· ...... 6 8,401 Shorlmrm1 ...... 5 2JB17 Carver...... 8 2, 661 Lincoln ...... 1 212 Slblo~· ....••••••.•••.••.•••• a !l;l(l Chippewa...... 2 :t,211t. 1, 270 McLeod ...... 4 11 57B Stonrna ...... a Chisago...... 1 442 Meoke1· ...... 12 o, 403 Stn~lo ...... a 1, or.o Cottonwood...... 2 610 Monisou ...... 4 1, 071 Swift ...... 2 l,Ollii D11kot11 ...... l 390 I I •rocltl ...... 700 Doclgo ...... 1, 070 Mower ...... : ...... 4 l, 075 WHB\Wft ...... 8 1,51:!: Douglas ...... -...... 6 2, 305 Nicollet ...... 4 545 Wnshh1gton ...... l f)l)O Faribault...... l 300 Olmsted ...... 1 855 Wnt-onwan ...... l 430 Fillmore...... 7 2, 525 Ottor Titil ...... 4 1, 005 Wiuona,...... 2 uoo Freeborn...... 2 575 Polk ...... 210 IV1•lghl; ...... 8 ll,~1 ------'-----'------=----'----- MISSISSIPPI. Total ...... 1,471 4;4~;o;rItawamba ...... 32 7, 520 ! Noxuhtlll ...... , . • • .. • • • •• 00 11,2-19 1 ===~ ~===-- J'napor ...... 17 3, G40 Oktihbulm • • . • • • ...... • • • • • 16 ll, 700 .A.dams ...... 5 1, 264 J offers on ...... 0 2, 027 l'anola ...... 10 3,S4T .A.loom ...... 40 14, 852 J'ones ...... 17 4, 083 l'iko ...... l 400 .A.mite ...... 16 a, 230 Kemper ...... 16 U, 716 l'outotoo ...... 41 111, 'li07 Attala ...... 82 10, 711 l'nmtiss ...... lll,406 Benton ...... · ...... aa 10, 634 as LaFayette ...... 21 G, 803 l!nukin ...... 20 5.100 Lnnder<1nlo ...... Bolivar ...... 1 600 27 7, 580 l:icntt ...... B•l Jl,lH4 Calhoun ...... 27 7, 926 Litwrenco ...... 35 fi, 288 Sl111pso11 ...... , .••• 1,320 Carroll ...... 7 2, 400 GO 18, 680 Smith ...... 20• 10,41)2 C~iaknsaw ...... 83 10, 920 I ~::~~---~·.-.·.·. ::::::::: :: :::::: 45 ll, 100 SmuJHlr ...... 27 r~ '1112 Choctaw ...... BB 12, 300 I Tnllnhntehio ...... g 1, 924 Le Flor& ...... 8 007 Clnibonrn ...... 3 1 T1tto ...... 0 J, oao • OlO I Lincoln ...... 82 5,442 Clarke ...... 28 8 870 Tlppnh ...... 1 71 21i, llli • Lowmles ...... 6 1, 7a4 Clay ...... 29 11 750 '.rlshomingo ...... 44 1:1, li26 • Mndison ...... 28 J.O, 000 C_opiah ...... 22- 5 • «O Mnriou ...... , ...... 2 487 Union ...... 25 7,578 Covington ...... 18 4, 743 \Vnrron ...... 1 207 De Soto ...... 27 12, 026 Marslrn.Jl ...... 83 0, 783 Wny11e ...... 12 s,m Frnulrlin ...... 13 a, os2 Monroe ...... 90 16,804 Wilkinson ...... 2 Gl?S Grenacla ...... 7 2, 113 Montgomery...... 26 6, 853 Winston ...... 27 0, 4811 Hinds ...... 17 a, 5os Neshoba ...... 27 6, 001 Ynlobushn ...... 14 5,ll!!ll Holmes ...... 11 4, 321 Newton ...... 20 8,525 Yu.zoo ...... e l,800 602 STATISTICAL REVIEW OF CROP OF 1879. 9 MISSOURI. ======o;======c======.======•"=== County. .A.oros. Pounds . County. Acres. Poumls. County. .A.ores. Potmds. ______.,c_ ___ j ____ , ______, --·------!------· Total .•...... ••...... 15, 521 12, 015, 657 l~rnnklin ...... 147 04, 154 Osage ••••••.•.•.. , ••••••..•.• 00 52, 010 Gasconacle ...... 10 8, C24 Ozn1•k ...... 29 10, 577 .A.do.Ir .•..•••••..•••••...... 87 20, 838 Gonl;ry ...... 23 10, 800 Pemiscot ...... a 2, 190 .A.ndrew ...... 10 12, 257 Groeno ...... 40 101 528 Perry ...... 10 o, 004 .A.tchlson ...... 18 12, 008 Grumly ...... 24 11, 755 Pettis ...... 20 rn, 719 .A.udrain ...... 84 20, 477 Ilnrrlaon ...... 74 42, 952 Phelps ...... Darry ...... 03 42, 500 40 18, 700 Henry ...... 20 9, 543 Pike ...... 058 408, 473 Hickory ...... 18 Barton .....••...•.....••..... 16 10, 185 4, 502 Platte ••••• , ...... 11 o, 200 Holt ...... 2a Dates ...... 28 16, 040 18, 337 Poll;:...... 44 24, 575 Howard ...... 795 Donton .••••••...•.•••••..•.. 19 lO, 300 004, 794 Pulaski...... 22 10, 910 Dollinger ...... Howoll ...... 18 4 20 0, 180 O, oo l'utnam ...... 57 34, 143 Iron ...... Boone ...... 00 40, 050 7 2, 021 Ralls ...... 12 o, osa Jackson ..•...... ••••..•....• 50 41, 980 Itnmlolph ...... 880 701, 052 Buchanan ...... 23 12, 035 I Jasper ...... 4 21420 Ray ...... 41 22, 844 llutler ...... 28 12, &30 Jofl'orson ...... 5, 861 Reynolds •••••••••••• , ••••••. 14 6, 867 Caldwell ...... 4 1, 030 Johnson ...... 25 rn, 025 Callaway .•••••••...••••..••. Ripley ...... 20 8, 057 1, 175 570, 231 Knox ...... 42 20, 083 Camden ....•...... ••...... Sn.Int Charles ...... 00 52, 452 11 4, 838 Laclet1o ...... 17 8, 533 Snint Clnlr ...... 22 12, 101 LaFayette ...... 22 JO, 000 Capo Girardeau ...... BB 17, 222 Saint Frnn9ois •••••••••••.••. 36 15, OBS Lawronco ...... 19 10, 305 Carroll .... , ••...•...... 070 030, 325 Sn.into Gonevievo ...... 18 7,820 Carter ...... 5 B, 505 J,ow!s ...... 4, 330 Snlnt Lonis ..•...... •.•.•. 4 1, 888 CMa ...... 7 2, 810 Lincoln ...... 408 sos, 000 ~nllne ...... 638 540, 175 Cedar ...... [13 30, 083 Linn .••.•.•.•.••.•••.•••••••• 420 382, 133 Livingston ...... 822 UOli, 073 Schuylor .••.••••••.•••••••••• 48 82, 252 Scotlnnd ...... 20 15, 284 Charlton ...•.••..•.•••.....•. 4, 074 4, 384, 024 McDonald ...... 28 11, 045 Scott ...... BO 10, 846 Chrldian ...... 11 7, 001 Macon ...... 805 728, 584 Clark ...... 18 0, 278 Shannon ...... 0 Madison ...... 27 10. 640 I 8, 870 Clay ...... 8 l, 243 Maries ...... 4, 185 Shelby ...... 148 126, 507 Clinton ...... 20 13, 072 Marlon ...... 51 40, 000 Stocldnr NEBRASKA. Total ...... 101 57, 970 Douglas ...... 2 1, 700 Otoe ...... 11 10, 005 Fillmore ...... 1 248 Pawnee .••••• , ••••••••••••... 8 1,455 Antelope ...... 1 840 Frnnklin ...... 750 Platte ...... 1 270 Doono ...•.•••.•••.....••••.• 2 1, 880 Furnas ...... 445 Rc'tl Willow ...... 1 225 Durt ...•....•••..••••.•.•.••• 4 1, 835 Gage ...... 4 21 740 Richardson .....•.•..•••••••• 9 4,861 Cass ...... 9 8, 925 llarollton ...... 2 l, 475 Cedar ...... 1 880 Harlan ...... 070 Holt ...... 5 2, 540 S11\lno ...... 4 2, •107 J offerson ....•••••••. , ...... 2 l, 145 Saunders ...... 8 1, 110 Johnson ··········r ...... 1 510 Shorman .••• : . ..•••••••...•.. 020 Thayer ...... 1 460 Clay ...... 2 800 Kearney ...... 1 446 Wnshington ...... 1 044 Cuming ...... 2 000 Lnnonater ...... a l, 287 Cnster ...... 1 425 Merrick ...... 1 575 Dawson ....••.•.•.••.....••.. 2, ooo Nomnlrn ...... 4 2,100 Webster ••••••••••••.•••••••. 8,880 Dixon .•...•....•..••••...••• 1 800 Nuckolls ...... 1 480 York ...... 2 1,800 NEVADA. Washoe ...... 1 1,500 : ...... 1.... :-· .. +-- ..... :~--~r----- ...... [.. ·····-·+-· .. ·····--· 11 NEW IIAMPSHIRE. Total. •.•••.•••.••••••• 88 170, 843 ----·---- Coos ...... 1, 000 Sullivan ...... 15 28, 625 Cheshire ...... 72 141, 218 603 10 TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STA'l.1ES. NEW JERSEY. ======c-===~======;====r===';';==··=~-===-_,.--=-=cooccc''.'···'·'-"""="''·'-='""'o'~'''""-' County. .A ores. Pounds . County. .Acres. Pounds. County. Aotes, I Po11nda. .... ___ -··-·--·1·--·------· Total...... ___15_2_1 ___1_12_,_31_5_11 Gloucester ...•••.....•. ·-· .. . P11Bs11io ...... 1 I lll8 Hunterdon ...... SnJom ...... 250 Mercer ...... NEW MEXICO. Taos ...... , NEW YORK. ------:------·-···-----··-~------..-···-- Total...... 4, 9371==6='=4=81=1 =43=1=" Gree;ne ...... 1 355 Otsego ...... 2, 1118 Hamilton ...... 2 710 l'ntnum ...... 42 1111, 1100- Allegany ...... 2 800 Herkimer ...... 1 340 Saint J,awronoo •.•••••••••••. 4 1, 11-19 BroomG ...... • .•• ... •• . . 53 67, 510 Jefferson ...... 5 l, 850 Snmtoi;:a ...... 2 MO Cattaraugus...... 2 823 Lewis ...... 3 1, 072 Schonootndy ...... o n, BOO Cayuga...... 299 407, 760 Sohohnrlo ...... 2 l, 014 Chautauqua ...... • ...... 4 1, 783 Livingston ...... 1 4G7 Sclmylor ...... 7 8, 200 Chemung...... 11 102 1,571,885 Madison ...... 58 GO, 004 Stuubon ...... 608 OM, lll!I Chenango...... 16 12, 049 Monroe ...... 12 20, 250 Suffolk ...... 2 ~OS Clinton...... 20 7,430 Niagam ...... 6 2, 705 Sullivnn ...... 8 ], 000 Columbia...... 4 5, 070 Oneidit ...... 8 J, 002 'rlogl\...... 25 20,Ull Cortland...... 1 288 To111pkluB • • • .. .. • .. • .. • .. • • • 102 115, 7il Delaware ...... • • • • .. • • .. 8 1, 012 Onondaga.... . • ...... • .. • . .. 1, 700 2, 340, 257 UIHtor · · .. · • · • • • .. • • • • • · • • • • • 1 ZOO Duchess ...... , ...... • 279 407, 156 Ontario .. • . .. • • . . .. • .. • • • • . . . 1 Ci87 "\Viirron .. • · • • • • • • • .... • .. • • • • 1 015 .Erie .. . • ...... • ...... 2 l, 212 Orange ...... • . • . . • • • • •• .. .. 9 5, 850 \Vnyno · .. · · • .. • • • ...... • • • • • 18 H, 710 ~__;:_:_~_i,_:~_·._::_:_::_:_:·_.:_:_::_:_:._·:_::_:....;::__ __1_~_,_ ___4,_~_::--"_~_:_~:_:_:_:_:_::_:_::_:_:_::_:_::_:_::_:_::_:_:...;.· ___2_~:-'----~~~~~~---~-\'°'-~s_o~_o·l-~~~~~1-:_::_:_::_:_:_::_:_:_::_:_:._·:..!---~--1 ___1~-~ NOR'l'H CAROLINA. ------~------~------··------·----·-,,--·-~····"'····· .. Total...... 57, 208 26, 080, 218 Gates ...... 8 020 l?endor ...... a 600 ===1=====11 Graham ...... 1, 095 l'orqnlm11na .••••••••••••••••• 1 400 Alamance ...... 1, 088 605, 013 Granville ...... 81 941' 4, 000, 858 l?erson ...... 11, SOB 11,0lll,Slft Alexander ...... _...... 28 11, 709 Groene ...... 8 1, 955 l?itt .•...... ••.•.••••••.•••••. a lillll Alle.ghany ...... 8 2, 040 Guilford ...... 010 l>1! d22, 710 l?olk ...... l"llll Anson ...... 11 4, 880 Ashe ...... 60 11, 064 Halifax ...... 21 8, 487 Ilandolph ...... 45 11, 101 Hamett ...... 82 o, 510 Beaufort ...... 17 5, 203 ltlobmond ...... Haywood ...... 100 0 1,SM Bortle ...... 2 554 89, 510 Henderson ...... , ••.•. 29 Robeson ...... 2 577 Blntlen ...... 1, 040 4, 087 a Rookinglm111 ...... o, aa2 ~.!WI, 2~0 Brunswick ...... Hortforcl...... 7 2, 100 7 2, 502 Itownn ...... 216 115, 251 Buncombe ...... 947 475, 42& Hyde ...... 4 517 Burke ...... 5g 20, 070 IrodGll...... 405 242, 714 Rnthorford ...... 38 111,008 Cabarrus ...... 12 3,230 Jackson ...... 21 4,801 Sn.mpson .••..•.•••••••••••••. 28 14,8111!: CnJdwen ...... 75 25, 384 Johnston ...... 86 12, 881 St.nnloy ...... 8 1,m Carteret ...... 1 803 Jones ...... 1 250 Stokes ...... 4, 000 2, 131, 101 Caswell ...... 10, 174 4, 336, 664 Surry ...... 2,136 005, 2llO Lenoir •....••••••••....••.••• 45 lB, 500 Catawba ...... 49· 26, 380 Lincoln ...... 15 6, 085 Chatham ...... 141 49, 837 MoDowell ...... 100 80, 541 S1vuln ...... 11 l, 11111 Chm·okee ...... 42 8, 411 Macon ...... 46 0, 154 '.I.'ransylvnnla ...... 10 8, 8Sll Chowan ...... 808 Madison ...... 1, 020 807, 011 Union ...... 1) 8,467 Clay ...... 25 5,771 Wake ...... 28-0 04, 85-1 Cleaveland ...... Martin ...... 1 211 20 5, 122 \Viirron ...... 1,759 00~ 1 llli6 Columbus ...... 15 3, 866 Mooklenburg ...... 10 2, 201 Craven ...... : ...... 6 2, 732 Mitchell ...... 77 20, 047 Wnshington ...... >! 085 Davidson ...... 484 260, 588 Montgomery ...... ••••..•. 64 14, 870 \Vn.taugn...... ,...... ll:l 7,:no Davie ...... l, 205 638, 330 MoorG ...... 70 15, 724 "\Vayne ...... 108 io2, ino Duplin ...... 16 4, 655 Nush ...... 27 7, 502 \Yllkoa ... : ...... 110 llll, llll Edgecombe ...... 550 Northampton ...... 36 20, 4e4 Wilson ...... 17 8, 7~11 Forsyth ...... 1, 603 822, 788 Onslow ...... 2 730 Franklin ...... 118 58, 032 Orange ...... 2, 828 1, 178, 782 Yadkin ...... Gaston ...... 425 li7, lill~• 7 2, 180 Pamlico ...... 12 1, 520 Ynncey ...... 84 I s:J,898 srrNrIS'l'IOAL REVIEW OF CROP OF 1879. 11 OHIO. Cotmty. Acres. Po111111". County. Acres. Pounl1a. County. Acres. ------1------~------______.. ______------·------Total...... •..•••..•••. 34, 670 34, 735, 235 Gallia ...... 103 00, 170 Morgnn ...... 872 7f6, 872 Gcaug11 ...... 2, 405 Morrow ...... 0 2,3-17 Greeno ...... 538 501, 7·18 , Muskingum ...... a 1, 007 Acl11ms ..•.•.••••.•..••....•.. 1, 170 1, 054, 070 Guornsoy ...... 435 372, aoo ! Noblo ...... 1, 057 l, 055, 150 Allon ...... __ .••••• 4 6, 125 Ilnmllton ...... 21 IG, 200 ' l'nnllling ...... 15 7, 011 Ashla111l .. - ...... _•..... 5 6, 4f>O I lillllCOCk ...... •••••• l,:.?!'iri Ashtnbulll .... -..•..•.••••.•. 11 12, 325 I 1urr;y ...... 23 12, 871 lI1mlin ...... 21 302 Atlions ·········-······ •••••• 107 140, 812 Pic1utwny ...... 0 fi, 180 1Inrriso11 ...... 11 14, 180 l'ilrn ...... 14 8, 588 Uonry ...... 12 10, o~n Anglaizo ..•.••...•••••••.•••. 8, 751 I l'rul1ln ...... 1, 805 2, 22u. sa1 Belmont ...... _, ...... 1. I, 047 020 Highlmul ...... 110 Ou, HOO 2~~ I 1 l'ntnn1n ...... 4 1, 077 Brown ...... -·--········ 0, 181 0, 241!, 050 Hocking ...... ••...... 10 4, 1~5 Butler ...... 500 nM, 275 Ilolmes ...... l, 10~ Richlnml ...... 1 750 Cnrrnll ..•••..•••••..•...•.•.. 1 P:JG Jackson ...... 2, 42G Ross ...... 10 3, 070 ,JeJfo1·son ...... 650 Scioto ...... 20 10, 033 Cl1a111p1tigu ...... 11 2, :J47 Knox ...... 2 2, 001 S{lllCCIL ...... 1, 283 Clarke ...... ••....••. 4~ ll·l,IJ4.2 Sholby ...... 83, 130 Lnko ...... 15 211 500 110 Clo1·mout ...... a, n~·!, 1n1 J-ia,vrcuco ...... 30 23, 000 aa, ODS St11rk ...... 0 o,:wo Clinton ...... ··--··-··--···-· ao Ucklng ...... 7 a, 075 Columhin111t. _...... 21 J, SGO Sunuuit ...... 2,472 Logan ...... 4 2, R35 Trumbull ...... 770 Lorn.in ...... fJlO T1rncnmwns ...... 448 ·Co~hooton • • ...... •••.. __ . ~, :J74 Cmwford •••• 1, 085 Luons ...... 551 Union ...... 5 4, 111 Mu1llso11 ..... ' ...... 4 840 Cn~·1tho~o ...... Vnu \Vert ...... 0 0, 770 2, ~N4, fl70 I Mnhoniu !! ...... 2 l, 380 Dnt·k1• ···-···----···--······ 1, 778 Vinton ...... 77 02, G27 Hil, 270 }f11ri"1l o • o o. o oo o o o "o o o .. o o H 580 l'":.c.LRCO •.••••• ·...... l•Jii W1trrou ...... 1, 12u, !!n4 ,\lclll!IO...... 44 1, 001 Wushington ...... 733 7Gl, 74'1 Ddu.wnro-·--················ ~. 104 Moigs ...... u II, 720 W11yno ...... U2 05, 3·1·1 Fnirflclll.. ••••.....•••...•... 11 205 Mcn·cor ...... 13 7, 000 Fnyctto ...... a, 031 Mlnml ...... 400 040, 223 Williams ...... 2 032 Irmnkliu ...... 040 Monroe ...... 2, 037 1, 571, 008 Woocl...... 1 ·150 l!'ulton ...•.•••...... 2, 121 i Mont.gome1·y ...... 8, 604 ~. ll14, 872 Wynnclot ...... 4 3,105 1 ------·~··' -·-----~ _l_ OREGON. Total ...... 43 17, 325 CtHll:I •••••• ...... ··-··· 071 r.1t110 ...... 5, 140 11 ====i-~·======Douglas ...... 785 r.bm ...... •...... •. 1, 3811 Denton ... • . • ...... 870 Jackson ...... 3, G20 Tillamook ...... 805 Claclmmas...... 2, 040 J oscphiuo ...... 11 075 Yam llill ...... 042 Cln.tsop .. • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 275 PENNSYLVANIA. ------·- Total ..•..••••••.•.•••. 27, 500 so, 043, 272 Delitw1we ...... 11 12, 3•171 No1·t:lrnmpton ...... 4,073 Elk ...... 2 1, 3·17 Nortlrnmborlancl ...... 488 530, 541 Ad1uns ...... 58 50, 107 Erle ...... 4 2, 7:10 ' l'orry ...... 52 40, l~O Alleglrnny ...... 2, 800 Fayette ...... 5, 575 l'hllndolphilt .•...•••....•.••• 52 ,JO, 000 Annstrong ...... 2, 780 Forest ...... 283 Plko ...... 513 Denver ...... 21 627 Frnnklin ...... -.. 77 08, 005 Boclfor Colnmbl11 ...... 21 3, 100 Jlfllllin ...... 49 55 1 020 '\Va;yno ·········---·•H••···· 783 Crawfo1· ------~------~-.--··- - -·------~----- 605 12 TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN rrHE UNITED srrArrI£iS. RHODE ISLAND. ======.==p==::===;jp======r===p====rF===-.~=""-==="-=-=c= Acres. County. Acres. Poumla. County. Pounds. 1,, _____c_o_u_n_t_Y· _____ ,_A_o_re_a_. __P_o_nn_,_1s_._ __ 11 Provitlenco ...... 2 7851 ··············-················ ...... SOU'fH CAROLINA. ·--- _____ , ...... ------,------...... Total ...... 169 45, 070 Edgefield...... D 1, 768 ,. Oconcc...... 18 4, 771! =====II Greenville...... 33 9 038 Ornn~llbnrgh ...... l 310 Horry ...... • • ...... lD 7: 201 l'iclwna...... • . . . .. • .. • . . . 10 ~.400 Abbev ill e...... 16 a. 289 Alken...... a BOO Lnncaster...... 2 208 Sp11rt1u1l11n·~h...... 12 ' Laurena ...... B 2, 700 1 Hmnt<1r .. . • ...... • .. • ...... • 1 A n d erson...... 14 3• 539 JI Cha,rlcston:...... 1 250 \I Marlon ...... 7 1, 085 Union...... • .. .. • • • • .. 0 l, 949 1, 539 n_a,_·li-·v_g_t_ou_._-_.. _·_· ._._--_-_-_ .. _·_··_·__.:· ___2_;______0_20_,_l_N_e_w_b_o_'_'Y_·_--_·_··_-_ .. _·_·_· _._.. _·_·""· ___2_,_ ____0_4_5 _L~:rk ...... ·:· ·:.~~~~~~---·_·--··· 1 TENNESSEE. Total ...... 41, 532 29, 305, 052 Hnmblen ...... 81 84, 930 llil'lp;H ...... 13 4, 1'19 ====-1======11 Illhmlltou ...... 12 4,04i> llfol\\'n\' ...... Ill\ 11,Bltl Hnnoock ...... 51 7,Ml Mont.gouwr.r ...... ~ ... . 11, 591 8, 206, ~Ul Anderson ...... 26 7, 878 H1mlcman ...... 84 23, 102 llfooro ...... 17 7,4~S J3edforc1 ...... 51 21, 649 Hnrdin ...... 88 26, 300 llforgan ...... 20 6,~17 J3cnton ...... 880 278, 721 Obion ...... J3ledsoe ...... 10 5, 373 I, 432 I, iaa, 47~ J3lonnt ...... 21 4, 362 llnwklns ...... 100 42, 781 OvC1rton ...... 04 41!, 047 Hnywoocl ...... 62 32, 091 l'nrry ...... 20 s. 0111 J3radley ...... 23 6,110 Hom1erson ...... 123 •13,446 Polk ...... 211 5, '195 Campbell ...... 23 o, 077 Henry ...... 2, 726 1, 002, 070 l'utmun ...... , ... .. 04 75, 1111-1 Cnnnon ...... 43 19, 808 Hickman ...... 61 21, 858 Rho11 ...... 17 ll,M7 Carroll ...... 100 60, 167 Honno ...... 22 6, !Oil Cnrtor ...... 37 12, 932 Houston ...... 306 200, 020 Hohort!!(m ...... 6, 016 4, 342, 5$i! Cheatham ...... 1, 343 950, 352 Humphreys ...... 83 21, 326 Huthorfortl ...... 47 24, 100 Claiborne ...... 43 12, 736 .Jnokson ...... 201 283, 072 Sl»ott ...... 30 5,035 .James ...... 9 2, 100 Cln,y ...... 108 67, 776 Sl'IJ.llRtCl\\I) ...... 8 :l,Hll .JeJforson ...... 19 0, 045 Cooke ...... 45 13, 161 Stwlor ...... ao 0,810 Coffee ...... 48 21, 190 i Slt~l!Jy ...... 41 111, 17il .Johnson ...... 2!l 9, 330 Smith ...... 1,810 l, 70ll, 081 Crockett ...... 35 lo, ouo Knox ...... 45 10, 800 Stow11rt ...... 2, 848 1, 870, 77'J Cumberland ...... 15 2, 585 Lako ...... 5 1, 7GO Davidson ...... 41 19, 690 Sullivtm ...... 207 70, 000 Lauderdale ...... 58 33, 052 Decatur ...... 50 BI, 759 81111111e1'...... 405 280, 31!6 La.wren co ...... Bl 15, 100 DoKalb ...... 55 26, 514 '.l~l11tou ...... o\ll 1\\, l&O 'J'rons TEXAS. --T-ot_a_l.-.-..-.- ..-.- .•-.- ..-.- ..-.'. --0-85--;---2-2-1,-2s-3-;;-l -c-am-p-.- ..-.- ..-.- ..- ••-.-.- ..-. -.. -.- ..--- ..---3-. ------.. ·- 035 ]'rocstonu ...... 10 5,~3 Cass...... 2, 210 Glllespio ...... _...... l 217 Cherokee...... 13 4, 715 Gonznktt ...... l Anderson ...... 13 5,140 280 Collin...... 1 270 Grnyaon ...... 1, 655 Angelina ...... 28 6,495 20 Colorado...... 4 631 Groirg ...... , 905 Austin ...... 8 2, 049 6 J311strop ...... 5 1, 287 Comal ...... • ...... 2 505 GrlmoH ...... 7 2, 2D7 J3owie ...... 12 a, 798 Cooke ...... 8 a, 500 Gunclnlu110 ...... 1 300 Delta, ..... · .. · ...... • .. 8 4, 085 Hnrdin ...... 3 705 Denton • ...... • ...... 1 255 lfonls ...... 5 1,584 De Witt ...... • .. . .. 700 linl'l'ison ...... I) 8, OOL J3raze1ria ...... 2 610 El Paso ...... 1 225 lfoJ'('H ...... , 1 200 Brazos ...... 4 l, 865 Falls ...... ·...... • • .. 4 11 142 Hr1ulur:;1111 ...... ·I 14 3,800 Burleson ...... ! 4 1, 510 Fannin...... 23 8,405 liopklnH ...... : 25 0,057 J3urntit ...... 1 200 Fayette...... 4 1, 720 Jionstou \ 14 4,898 Calhoun ...... F kll ...... : 3 450 'I'EXAS-Oontinuecl. Acres. Ponml•. 1 1 Jnspor...... _A_c_r_o_:·-___ A••: ·--~-~~~~~ 0 1_'_ou_1_~1-.:-r:~ G::~I~~:.'.:'' 00 ... . 12 6, 050 Knufmnn . .• . •.. . . • ...... 2 700 Nowton...... • .• ...... •• . O 2, 622 j Titrmnt .....•••..•••..••...•. 1 ·180 l{omlnll...... 2 755 Pn.noll\ .....•.••..... "" ..•. "". 0 a, 000 I Titus ..... " •..•• """" ...•..•.. 2, <110 L11mn1·...... 29 Hi,003 Polk...... 707, Trinity ...... 18 li, 273 I.amen...... 8 3,6il2 Hain~...... 11 4,040 i Tylo1• ...... 10 1, 500 I I,oon..... •••. .• .•..•...... • . 2 932 I Upshur ...... 23 G, 822 Roel River ...•...••..•••..•.. 1 945 Lilrnrty ..•...... 2 000 • Vnn Zumlt ...... 14 a, 217 ltobortson ...... 1 Limestone ...... • . • . . . • • . .. . . 12 o, 800 1, 502 i Victori1> ...... 3 350 Rusk ...... lfi35 I Mnclison ...... 6 000 Walker ...... 8 :!, 7ii0 Sttbiue ....••.••..•..••••...•. 4 Mnl'ion ...... 520 I i: 1051 'Vnller ...... 1 0110 Sun Augustine •.•.....•...•. 21 4,2:11 ! ]>[ntngot·dii...... 2 1, 102 Washington ...... 7 •l, ln4 Montg"mery...... 13 2, 635 Snn Jncinto ...... •..•. 5 1, 400 ' Wlrnrton ...... 2 01i0 83 0 813, 0~5 MotTls ._._._._•• _._ .• _._ .. _·_··_·_·_··_·_··-'----7-'--·- 2,712 l~tclby ~~~··············-~ 1 Wood ...... 24 o, ----···---.,... ,, ______-·-·-·~-~·--·- VERMONT. Total...... 84 131, 432 Chlttonclon ••••••••.•••••.... 880 Washington ...••.••••••••••• 1 206 Franklin ...... •...... 303 WincUmm ...... •..•••••.•••• 74 127, 210 AcllliRon ...... 1 440 Lamoille ...... 1, 025 Wlncleor ...•..••..•••.••..••• 200 Donningtcm ...... 303 ltntlnnd ..••.•••.•..•...... 700 VIRGINIA. -·--;otnl ..•. ~ .•••.•••••••.· _1~.2o~:· __ ~~~~~~~f~::~~c~~~~~~.·:~:~~-:~~-:~~-~ 1~~ -·· 122, 050 P1>go ...... ••••••••••••••• 8 5, 237 13, 820 Patrick ...... 1, 645 714, 073 Albomnrlo •••.••. .••• •• • •• •• • 3, 210 2, 460, 07211 Goochlnml...... 1, 052 650, 624 Pitteylvnnin ..••..•••••••.... 22, 080 12, 271, 533 Alloghn.ny • . • ...... 11 O, 802 I GEoon .. . • . . . . • ...... 82 10,•J85 Powhatan •.••••••••••••••••• 1,470 014, 132 .A.molia ················•H••· 31524 l 1720,a17 i Gtoeno ...... 0...... 520 382, 402 Prince Eel wnr WASHINGTON 'TERRITORY. '.I.'oml ••••••.•••••••.••• ___s____ o~~I ----· ------, Pierce ...•..•..••••....••..•• 6, 165 Wb1ttoom ••••••.•••.••••••••• 355 King...... ___4_1_0..fll______J...... ___,______.!l... ______,_ __ -:-::-:--- 007 14 TOBACCO PRODUorrION IN rrHE UNI'rED STA'l'ES. WE8T VIRGINIA. --~--·----~·~------·----- County. Acres. Poun Bm•keloy ...... 2 1,471 • Lewis ...... 2G 81 44ri ltitchfo .. __ ... __ ... _..... , ... 185 ms, 401 Boone ...... 26 01057 Lincoln ...... 231 128, ·117 ' 1 Braxton ...... --· 13 n,020 I... o~tflll .. _ ~ _.. ____ ..... __ ... _·I 7,Hla i Homw ...... Brooke ...... 1 700 78 30 11, 91l7 1\I<;Dowell ...... 21 Ci, a4~ ' 8Ulll111N'A ...... 280 120, 015 Mnriou ...... I ! 2n I n, !!!itl II rl~aylor .. - ... -·. - . ------. - - . 4 1, 008 Cal.Jell ...... , ...... 140 89 1 757 Mllrslrnll ...... 12 4, 71:! 1 '.ryler ...... 207 147, 096 1 Cnlhoun ...... 22 {)] 222 l}r: ORr' I r1~11ck.('l' ...... 2. 001 1\fnson ...... {j.l .._,1, ,, I Clny ...... 20 u, U40 Mercer ...... 306 ir.o. 8!ll ,, Dod WISCONSXN. ------.----.----·--·------·-----·-·---- Total ...... 8, 810 10, 608, 423 Gmut ...... 37 a1, :rno l'olk ...... 12 a. uni Groon ...... 122 117, 571 l'ortngo ...... 2 Gll'l GrPNl J... n.ko ...... 0 2t ~1!{) Uinhl111ul...... 10 11, 814 Adams ...... '. ..•.. l8 9,085 fown ...... 0 3, 127 Ilo<;k ...... 9, 803 4, MS, 870 Bnrron ...... 7 a, oars Jackson ...... 4 1, 00·1 S1tint Croix ...... 4 742 Brown ...... G 1, 728 ,T RECAPI'l'ULATION BY STATBS. ··-·-·------··---·------·------I I '£he 'Unitcc1 Stlltes.. ••. 038, 84~_1 472,_~;.1:! K•mtncky ...... 2201 12(} 171, 120, 784 North Carolina ..•..•••..•••• 57, 208 26, 080, ~IS J... 011isi11rin...... 253 Oli, 054 Ohio ...... B4, 070 34, 735, 23li Aln.1.rn.mn...... 2, 107 452,420 Maino ...... 1 250 Orngou ···-·.· ...... 4n 17,3~& Arizona ...... 1 600 Marylnml ...... 38, 174 26, 082, 147 Pmmsylv1mi1L .••.••••.••••••• 27, 500 30,0•13, lm Arknnsns ...... 2, 004 D70,220 Mnssnolmsotts ...... 3, 358 5, 300, 480 I ltlw Ii1nho ...... 2 400 Novncl11 ...... 2 1, 500 llllnois ...... 5, 012 3, 035, 825 Now Ilnm1>ehiro ...... 88 170, 84:1 Indiana ...... 11, 05n 8, 872,_842 Now J"et•soy ...... 152 172, H15 'Ynshington .. • ...... • .. • .. .. 8 0, 113-0 1 Iowa ...... 002 420, 477 li 0HAPTER II. CLASSIFIOATION-TYPE MAPS-VARIETIES OF THE TOBAOOO PLANrr. OI,ASSIFIOATION. The various types of tobacco produced in different sections are treatecl locally in the districts in which tbey ar CLASSES, TYPES, AND SUB-TYPES. CLASS I.-DOME:STIO CIGAR TOilACCO AND SMOictlJRS, Seed-loaf al!l'l Havana Beocl. •Co11uecticut Soecl-Lcaf, Ohio Socd· Leaf. ' "New England" Seed-Leaf. Wisconsin aml Illinois Seiod-Leaf. P01msylv11onia Seed-Loaf'. Floi'ic1a Seocl-Loaf. ·Now Yorlr Sood-Leaf. Other cigal' an.il B11w1'i11u tobacco. 'White Bnrloy lugs. Kentucky and Indiana cheroot and stogio wrappers aucl fillers. America.n·gl'Own Havana. ]fine-fibered Clarksville wrappers. IPoriquo. Judicma Kito-l!'oot. ·Common Virginia, North Ca.rolina, Mi880nri, Enstern Ohio, Mary Janel, Tennessee, Keut,ucky, Indiana, and Illinois lugs. CLASS II.-CrmWING TOBACCO. Pine-out anil 1>litg jill~rB. Fine-cut Burley. Virginia flue-cured fillers. Fino-cut Mason county. Missouri air-cured fillers. Whito Burley fille1·s. Kentucky, Inclinna,Tcnnossee, Virginin, Marylo.nd,and West Virginia Reil Burley fillers. fire-curocl iUlers. Vil'ginia sun- ancl air-cnred fillers. Tennessee am1 Kontucky air-curod fillers. Plug wrappers. Virginia yellow and mahogany. Missouri and Arkansas yellow. North Carolina yellow amt mahogany. West Virginia yellow. .. Western Kentucky yellow. Clarksville all(l Missouri dttrk ancl red. !fort county (IContncky) l>rig'b.t and yellow. MaHon county (Kentucky) Burley. •Henry county (Tennessee) yellow. 39 .A.G 609 16 TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN THE UNlTED STATES. Cuss JII.-EXPORT TonAcco. English sliip11ers. Bird's-eye cutting loaf. Nnvy leaf. Brown roll wmppor. Irish filler. Spinning leaf. Scotch Elder. Slrng-a heavy cutter. Scotch imd Irish spinners. Plng wrapper. Strips-used for same pur11oses 11.s e.bove. Plug fillers. C0111i11ental sltipperR, French Regio-A, B, aud C. · Switzerland: Italian Rcgie-A, B, and C. Swiss wrappers. Anstrian Rogio. Swiss fillers. Sjiauish Regio. Holland: Snnft'-leaf' and lugs. Dutch 1:1aucer. Gormany: Bplµ;ium: German snucer. Belgian cutter. Germ1m spinner. Dcnmu,rk, Norway, and SwNltll1: Ohio, Marylnm1, ancl West Virginia spangled. Heavy l{entucky and Tonne8seo types Smokers-fat lngs. .&/rioan sliippl."1'11. · Liverpool African. ~ Gibraltar African. Boston A.frican. M~oo, &11th .timel'ica, and West Indies. Baliug wm1Jper. II Baling filler. CLASS I.-OIG.AR .AND SMOKING TOB.AOOO. SEED-LE.A.F .A.ND Ii.A.YA.NA SEED. OoNNEO'.I'IOUT SEED-LE.A.F.-This includes both the seed-lea.f and the I:lava,na seed. The sced.-leaf of Oonneoticut valley is a very htrge, fine-fibered, light-colorecl leaf, sweetish to the taste, soft, and silky, and when light tobncco was fasllionable it outstripped all rivals. It burns with a solid, yellowish ash, a little reduced from the original size, tlle ~sh llaving a beantjfnlly granulated or oolitic ~nrface. Havana seed, grown from seed acclimatecl for fonr J'ears, has a tllin leaf, :Ihm in texture and delicltte in fln,vor, ttrnl very glossy and &ilky. 'l'lle seed-leaf in Housatouic valley . grows darker in color and has more body tllan tllat grown in Connecticut valley. It burns well, and is stronger than tbe Oonnecticut-vulley tobacco, having a larger content of nicotine. .Altogetllcr, this is prob{tbly the most va,lualile seed-leaf grown. The whole product of Connecticut sweats wen, that in Housatoni0 valley coming out of that l)rocess greatly improved in color, having a very dark cliestnut-brown hue. 'l'his tobacco burns iwobu.bly better than any other seetl-leaf, but not with so white an ash as many other kinds. The soils are abundn,'ntly supplied with salts whose base i1:1 potash, which renders the carl>ou in blll'ning porous, and causes it to bnrn well. Oonnecticutseecl- 1<.'itf will make five thousand cigm· wrappers to the one hundred pounds. l'i"EW ENGLAND SEED-LEA.F is the name given to tho product of l\fassachusetts, ·N cw Hmnpsl!irc, ancl Vermont. It differs from the growth of Connecticut in being coarser in texture aml heavier in body, aml therefore is not s0 we11 suited for wra.ppers as the Connecticut Seed-Leaf. lt is (leticient in oily snbstam:e, and does uot sweat to 11 goo Omo SEED-LEAF is noted for its exceeding callc OTHER CIGAR AND SMOKING '.l.'OBACOO. WHITE Bun.LEY LUG$.-This sub-type is line, bright, of good fhwor, thin in lea;f, light or ye11owish brown in color, inclined to be trashy and chafty, and makes, with the North 011roli1m nml Virgiuin, bright lugs, the finest grades of smoking-tobacco for pipes. It is very l)Opufar on account of it~ mildness, ttnd is comJH>sed of the lowm· leu.n~s of the pJaut aml those badly rrintilated by worm-cuts. Some of this sul>-tyve, of a bright, thin character, is granulated for making cigarettes. . A1'IERIO.A.N·GROWN IlA'VANA.-Experiments luwe been made in aJmost every part of the country with tobacco grown from seed imported from Ouba. The first ye~tr tho rn'ocluct is snrnll, and emits, evep wliilo growiug, n. strong, sweet flavor, a.ml the leaves rarely attain a length of over ten or twelve inches. It cures np n. llark-brown color when .grown upou lleavy clny soils; but, grown upon sandy soils, the color is a, lighter hne, 111Hl the flavor is t11oug-ltt to l>e superior in not lrnving so much rankness. Florida produces a smnll qnn.i1t.ity for lllarket, a.ml little patches ai·e common in mTery 11art of the country for domestic use. It deteriomtes rapidly i11 iilwor wlu~n g1·owu successively from seed matured in this country, but increases in size and usefulness as u. wrapper. Its tleteriomtio11 iu nroma. is not so ra:piu in the C?;xtreme so11theru states as in the more northerly ones. Some expbrimeuts in cmltivttting arnl curing fois type o.re given at the close of the chapter ou 'l'cnncssee. PERIQUE.-This type is grown in Louisiana,.aml is cured in it:,i juices under heiwy pressure. It is very black and glossy in appearance, e!llits a strong spirituons flavor, makes a. very strong smoking-tobacco, arnl is not riopnfar except with those lrnbituated to its use. Some of the product of Lonfaiurrn is air· cured, and is usell iu making very strong cigars, as fnrther detaile tlum the better grades of ille types from which it comes. By a que admixture of colors and strength of leaf many brands of smoking-tobacco are macle, as bright and dark, brown and red, spangled and yellow, mild and strong. Some air-curell lugs of this sub-class are granulatetl for cigarettes, the stock bei11g fnrnislicd from light, thin products from Kentucky~ Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Eastern Ohio, and Maryland. The lugs selected for this purpose are as light in color as possible. S110Gm WRAPPERS AND FILLERS.-For stogie wrappers a short western leaf of full breadtlt ancl light b'ody, tine ftber, ancl uniformly cla.rk color is selected. To a very sma,11 extent a reel or cinnamon colm is reqnired. It must be a,ir-cured or entirely free from any flavor imparted by fire, n.nd it is necessa,r;y tllat it ::;liall have passe.d through tho sweat ancl become somewhat soured in flavor. This particular st,Yle of leaf is used at Pittsburgh iind at ·wheeling-very larp;ely at the latter point-for wrappers in the manufacture of a specific class of common cigars, technically callccl stogic cigars. A stogio filler consists of a loaf of tlte same quality as tho wrapper, bnt is of lower grade, too narrow or otlterwise unfitted for wmppers. What a,re teclmica1ly callecl "self-workers" are largely used in this trade. They consist of paclrn,ges or casks with u, pro1)Cl' iwoportiou of wrapt)(WS and fillers imckml in thom, each for work1ng the other. Ji'INE·I OLAss II.-OIIEvVING-TOBAooo. l!'INE·CU'.l' AND l'LUG· PILLERS. WmTE BURLEY.-Tbis is the proclnct of a new variety which within the past decade has come into profitable aml extensive cnltivation. It is brigbt brown or golden in color, of thin tissue, good breadth and length of 1eaf, comparativel,y free from gums &ml oils, possessed of great nhsorptive capacity, and is of a miltl mz(l pleasant flavor. It is exceeding1ypopnlar with the rnanufactmers of plug and cntt.iug tobacco. There are two sub-types of tbCI White Burley, known as cutters and fillers. Cutters are almost entirely destitute of gums and oil:,i, mHl therefore arc stiff and l.ntrsh .. Fillers luwe more body antl more gum than the c1ttters, ancl are, consequently, softer fmd more elastic. Tlieir popnfarity witll 1mmufn,cturers arises from their carmdty to absorb a very large r>ercentage of the i'auces with which they are treated. Dr. Moore reports tJutt the Owen county (Kentucky) plug fillers will absorb over two and a Italf times their weigllt of water without dripping when clone up iu a roll. The product is popnhtr with consumers when mauufactm·ecl into ])lug or iiue-cut, because it is very mild, aml can be nsed without procluciug tlle nervous irritatfon consequent on the use of stronger tohltcco. It is not so sweet na.tural1y as the flue- m11l snu-cnrecl tobacco of Virginia, or of tlle air-curetl product of Missouri. The clrnpters on Ohio and Kentucky give further detnils. I!'INE-OUT MASON OOUN'.L'Y.-This type only tUffors from the White Burkl.\T g'row11 in other llistricts in having vc1·y little gum, less boc1y and elasticity, ancl is usml for 11 m1tting leaf' mainly. Him BURLEY FILLERs.-These cli:ff'er from the White Burfo;y flllcrs only in not hiwing snch bright colors, the color being rather a, dark cinnamon. The product of tlle Reel Burley is rilso of a somewhat lighter an cl more :flimsy cluu·acter when grown upon similar soils. · VnWINIA SUN- AND AIR-CURED FILLEHS.-These are made clliefl._y in Caroline, Hanover, Louisa, and S1)otsylvania counties, Virginia. The r>roduct is of meclit;m 8ize a,s to leaf, light-brown as io color, Yel'J' sweet and fragrant, with a frtir propol'tion of gums uml oils, and popnlar as a chewing·-tohacco. The air-cured fillers of Missouri approximate thmie of Virginia in the qualities of sweetnesR ancl f'ra.granc(3. Vrn,GINIA FLUE-CURED FILLERS.-These are of medium size, brown or mahogany in color, oily and elastic, fi.ne ip texture, delicate in fiber, ancl have a liveliness of appeamnce not observable in the White Bnrfoy product. · They nre rnac1e principally in Henry county, Virginia, and command very high prices on account of their exceeding natural sweetness. MISSOURI AIR-CURED FILI,ERs.-Tltese are distiugnishcll chiefly on account of their sweetness, aucl arc frequently mixed with the product of other strttes to give a pleasant taste to the nrn1mfactnred article. '.I'hey also mako a very tough "chew". l~IRE·CURED I•'ILLJDRS OF THE IIT!lA VY TOBACCO DISTRIO'.L'S.-'rhese are employed in m~1king' a, coarse, strong chewing-tobacco for tho cousnmptfon of miners, sailors, aud lumbermen, who prefer an article with a rank tobacco taHte, Btrong in nicotine, n,ud of greattoughn.ess of leaf. 612 CLASSES, TYPES, AND VARIETIES OF rrHE TOBACCO 1PLANT. 19 TENNESSEE AND KENTUCKY AIR-CURED FILLERS.-This type is of light to medium weight, free of coarseness in texture aud fiber, not gummy or m1xy, of sweet and. mild natural flavor, clea,r of any bitterness, genc.mtlly porous in structure, ttml of bright or pn,Je.red color. It is entirely air-cured. Its natural absorbing cttpacit;y is folly i1reservecl by air.curing. Curing uy itrtificial lleat wonlcl not only imp11ir its flavor, bnt impa1·t a highly h1jurions odor of smoke. Length or breadth of leaf is not an essential. This product is genera.Uy grown 111)on the sm1dstone lands or siliceous soils, and is distiugnislied from the White Bnrltly fillers by having heavier body, less l1elicacy of structure, and by lleing less colored. PLUG WRAPPERS. NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA. YELLOW AND :i\IAilOGANY.-1'he yellow and mahogany wrappers may be considered. grades of the yellow type. The highest grade is small in size, with a lemon-yellow color, soft ancl silky, ancl has a surface which sparkles in the sunlight, the minute golden grains scattered over the upper portions of the leaf adding to the brilliancy of its a11peamnce. Other grades follow this, such as orange, dull yellow, ancl on by imperceptible gradatiom1 to the mt1hogan~·. The lemon-yellow leaf stands at the head as a wrapper for plug. '.I.'he chief disfo1guishiug characteristic of the yellow lerLf of North Carolina aml Virginia is tlrnt it will not blacken under pressure when subjected to the processes 1 of manufacturing, bnt rctaills its golden luster. The malwgany wrapper is larger than the yellow leaf, dis1>laying a ground of ;yellow, spotted with red or brown. It mmally has more oily snbstli11ces iu its eomposition, mul therefore blackens more under pressure. Western Kentucky, .Hart conmy, Kentucky, antl Henry county, '.I:eunessee, produce a leaf nnexcelle SPINNING-LEAF OR STRIPS.-'l'his type consists of ~L long, rich, u,uc1 oily leaf, of full brown color, good weight of body, strong aml elai:;tic texture, and of general smoothness in structnre. Recently brighter colors hnve been more iu deman(l for this purpose tltn.11 formerly. 'fhe t~ pes used in Enghmd for this purpose were of the heavy, oily, and" fhtty" descriptions grown in the Clarl\sville district, until recently these became so much appreciated in vn.lne 011 account of the German demand for them tlrnt the heavy hut less oily types of tho Lower Green River distriet were substituted. The recent impro\Tements in machinery used in spinning enable nwnufactmers to use materh1l of a lower grade. The purpose for which this type is usell is similar to that for which the brown-roll wrapper is used, except that the strand into which it is spun is of sma1Ier size. This is put np aucl cut for retttil in the sn.me manner as the brown roll. A still smaller 1o1trand is spun, called lady'::i twist, but; to much less extent now than formerly. The strand of this twist was not larger than the point of the lit.t.le linger, and was consumed principa.lly in Scotland, Ireland, antl the north of Eng·land. The wrrq)per for this consisted of a smaller an OONTINENTA.L SlIIPPJmS. FRENOII TYPBS may be redncecl to two distinct lines of classification, as heavy and light, with considerable irregularity as to gmclo and cleficienc.Y in distinctness as to type. TYPE A.-This consists of~ leaf 23 to 2G inelies in le11gt11, of moderately smooth a:ppeamnce, dark-b1·own color, and not of so mucl1 weight of body and substance as tlie Iti1lian Regie. · TYPE B.-Of the same qnalities for both light alJ(l l1eayy as ty1rn A, exce1)t tlmt the length is 22 to 23 inc\1es. TYPE C.-This consists of good, sound, elear lugs or common leaf, of rnqdernJ.cJ;y heavy body, or running from the Ohbrksville and westem Kentucky type of' meclinm weight of body to lower Gl'een 1·iver product of mec1hun weight of substance. These types are used for cigar wrappers, fillers, n.nd binders, for the nutnnfaetnro of' snnff, and for cutting into smoking-tobacco. The heavy types are generally taken from the nondescript pnrt of the Clarksville and western Kentucky districts, and the lighter types from nondescript of tho Lower Green River district, of Illinois, and of Indiana. The types vary so much in Uie French orders that in some years the whole of it may he supplied by the proclnct of the latter-na,med districts. Those made in the orders of 1880 and 1881 do not class, on an average, much, if at all, above the grade and quality required in former years in the lowest type, O. France is ta.king from good lugs up to medium leaf, hut no very fine tobaeco, from the United States. ITALIAN REGIE TYPES. TYPE A.-This is a large, showy, smooth, and silky leaf, 25 to 26 inches long, of fine fiber and texture, and of soli TYPE B.-This type varies between heavy aml light tobacco, sometimes the former 1111cl sometimes the latter being required by the annual oruers of the Monopoly Company. Wlrnn. the former is rGquired, the type cousists -0f leaf of heavy bocly1 dark-brown color, anu of more general richness mid weight of substance than type A, and 22 to 25 inches in length. This type is used largely in the ii:rnnufacture of snuff. T,ype B, ligllt, consists of leaf ·of second and third grades, of the same length and showy a.ppearance, of light-brown or reel color, and of moderate weight of body and .substance. This type is used in the manufacture of cigars of milder flavor than those made of the heavier types, m1d also largely for cutting into smoking-tobacco. TYPE 0.-This consists of choice lugs or short common leaf, 18 to 20 inches in length, and of moderate weight of body, and is used as fillers and binders in the mannfaetnre of cigars. Of these several ty1)cs, A is chiefly · sl'lectcd from the lighter-bodiccl and s1nooth product of the Olarksville district and the western Kentucky district; 13 heavy, from the heavier-bodiml products of these districts; B light, chiefly from the product of moderate weight ·Of substance of the I;ower Green Hiver district and Indiana and Illinois; ttnd 0 from the lighter-bodied lngs aml ·common leaf of the hep:vy-prodncing districts and the heavier bodied of the light producing districts . .A.USTRUN REGIE. The Austrian Regio t.akmi 011ly one type or grade from the United States. This is a wrapping leaf, very smooth and fine in fiber, of very solid, firm, and glossy texture, above medium heavy body, but not of the heaviest; arnl most fleshy type, and of a perfectly uniform brown color. A very essential quality is toughness and "stretchiness'' of texture, and it must be well cnred by fire, but not injurecl in curing. 'rhe length of the lea.f is not an ess011tial part of the fitness, but goocl length is much preferred. This type is use ' SPANISH RBGIE. No cl:'1ssification of tho tobacco bought by the Spanish Regio is made. It consists of sound and common lngs of all types and districts, except tho Durley ancl bright.producing districts of Kentucky a.ncl North Carolina, and of the low ancl nondescript leaf of li.ght t~1 pe. The order is generally made for one-third of leaf of low grade n.nd two-thirds of lugs. It is ttll used for smoking, the better grades for wrappers, binders, and fillers in tho mauufaeture of cigars, and the lower for granulation for tl10 manufacture of cigarettes. SNUFF J,J GERMAN TYPES. GERM.A.N SAUOim.-This is a sweet, fair-bodied leaf, of fine fiber and stem, gummy without fatness, and either clear, cherry-red in color, or mottled with yellow, or whn.t is teclmicall;v called piebald. It is generally a leaf of good le11gth and weight of body, with gnmrny surfaee. It is prepared for consumption iu German~ liy tho appliciition of sauce of t1 i)eculhtr description. The fiber m L1st be yellow after saucing, and t.he leaf bhtek. The hirge::;t proportion of this typo is taken from Virginia. GERMAN SPINNER.-This consists of leaf of the heaviest body, 24 to. 26 inelies in length, full iu width, of fine fl.her mid stem, very oily and fat, so that it will sweat supple and strong, tough ancl elastic in texture, aurl of a, very deep or dark-brown color. This type is used in Germany and the north of Europe for spinning into stmnd. It is snpp1ied chiefly from tile Cla.rksvillo district, but in part also from the CJp11er Green River district,, and to a Ycry sma.ll extent from the J~ower Green H.iver districb. German spinning fillers are of the same type as lihc wrappers used in spinning, but consist of very fat, clean, and heavy-bodied lugs, which are supplied from the Olarksville and U1mer Green River districts. OIUo, lVI.A.RYLAND, AND WEST VIRGINIA SPA.NGLED.-'rhis is a leaf of modemte length, full breacltb, and snuill stem. It has a medium strength in texture, is mther deficient in oil, an SMOKERS-F.A.T LUGs.-The very fat, heavy, and oily lugs of the Clarksville aucl other heavy tobacco-producing districts, beside being used in the manufacture 'of common snuff in the United States ancl Germany, for baling fillers, and for spinning ftllers, a,s noted elsewhere, are also taken on the continent for making common cigars. SWITZERLAND. Swrss WR.APPER.-This is along and broad leaf', 2G to 30 inches in length, silky, of :fine fiber and stem, ancl of a dark-brown or chestnut colo1\ It is desirable that the spaces between the small or lateral stems should be broad, and the combination of thin with strong and elastic texture is desired, that a maximum supply of w1·a111ler may be obtained from a given weight of product.. It is used in Switzerland as a wrapper in the manufacture of cigars, and is supplied chiefly from the Olarksville district, but to a small extent from other heavy-producing districts. HOLLAND. DuTOII S.A.UOER.-This is similar in all respects to the German saucer, except that it is thinner and more silky in texture. It is exported exclusively to Rotterdam. • BELGIUM. BELGI.A.N OUT'.l'ER.-This is a short leaf of a mottled or piebald color, and of fair body, without fa,t or oil. The general quality and structure are such as have been describecl for German mid Dutch sauce1·s, except that the grad<'» is lower than is used for those purposes. It is used in Belgium for cutting. DENM.A.l~K, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN• .A bright, mottled or red, fleshy, sweet leaf, not fat, prepared in Germany from the J>roduct usually of Virginia. and tho Kentucky and Tennessee districts, is a great favorite in Denmark, Norway, and Swede11.. In adclition to· this the heavy Clarksville types, cured with fire, are largely consumed in these countries. AFRICAN SHU>PERS. African shippers may be divided into three classes, as follows: 1. Suitable for southern .Africa, should be of long, dark leaf, strong body, small tic, put in hogsheads of smaU size, mid prized to weigh about 1,550 pounds gross; neatly lmndled. 2. Smtable fur the intermediate portion of the country, should be of long hiat~ medium to light color, fine· :fibers, ha,ndled as class one, and weigh about 1,450 pounds gross. 3. Suitable for the more northe.rn pn,rt of Africa, shonlcl be of light leaf, not so long as classes one and two, and handled in medium-sized hogsheads, weighing not more tltan 1,450 pounds gross. It is better tlu1t this class shoulcL not be ovcrhauclled. During the past few years tobacco has also been packed in boxes for sl1ipment to tlrn coast of Africa. The quality is the same as described above, about 400 pounds going into a box· by hard prizing, and the tobacco is more subject to atmospheric influences than when prized in hogsheads. While most of the tobacco shipped to Africa is first rehandled in this country, still there is a fair proportion of leaf of suitable quality and handling sent to market direct by farmers. This is mainly taken for account ofi merchi:i,nts in Boston, l\fassachusetts, who send cargoes of various articles to the African coast. • MEXICO, SOUTH AMERIO.A., .A.ND TIIE WEST INDIES. BALING WR.A.PPERS.-This is a heavy leaf, 28 to 30 inches in length, of fair width, very fat and oily, of heavy: texture, anc1 of very clark color. A necessary condilion of this class is that it should be neatly tied hi smaU baniJst nea.tly allll stron.gly packed in casks, and moclerately pressed. It is used as wrappers i.n iwe11arh1g stock fo1· the trade of the several markets named, and is packed in bales weighing- from 100 to 200 pounds, aucl covered with elotl:l, so that two bales may be balanced across the back of a pack mnle for transportation across the mollntainous regions of' the districts in which it is consumed. BALING FILLERs.-Oommon rich ancl heavy leaf and fine lugs of heavy body m1cl full supply of oils and fatness are used for. this purpose. Some of the exports to the vVest Indies are called '' bhtck fats", and are mad& dark by very heavy pressure and by the application of water, clear or tob~icco-stained. Nondescript leaf is incapable of classification. It has the merit of' cheapness, and is usua1ly bought tuid held by srieculators, who take advantag·e of the scarcity of some well-defined type to put a nondescript variety on the market approaclting in general qualities the typo in demand. The lowest and commonest grades of lugs are often usetl in tlte United States, especially if afr.cnre ~\tlAP OF THE UNITED ST.AT'ES SHOWING 'l'fil: REGIONS PHODUCING '!'HF. PRrNCIPAL TYPES OF TOBACCO rm:PARIW DY ,J, B. J\!LL~~BHEW SPl'..l~IAJ, .,1.UF'.N'l'. IO'rff Cl!.::NSU~; .l alins fli Stems or midribs nsecl to be exported iu large quantities to Germany for the manufacture of cheap grades of snuff and smoking tobacco, aml were also employed as manure or for the protection of fruit trees from tl1e borer aml other insect enemies. Since the tax was raised in Germany on tobacco and stems the consumption of the hitter, except the 11nest lJright from Virginia leaf, bas fallen off considerably, aut1 for a year or two past the article has become a.lmost valueless, stemmers and mnmtfauturers being unable to obtain the cost of prizing aucl casks. Large quantities of stems, with the trash and sweepings of stemmeries, are now used for manurial purposes. TYPE MAPS. Iu the map which accompanies this cllapter tlte localities in which the leading ty1les are produced are designated by colors. It must not be inferred, however, that no other types than those indicatecl are made in the districts to which particular t;rnes are referred, but only that tltose t.nH:s predominate or give character to the district. Tlte ty1les run into each other by such imperceptible gradations that it is often cUfficnlt to define with precision the line of separation. · · The portions of the maps colored blue indicate that a heavy shipping leaf, either air-cured or fire-cured, is pl'O ==-7-'--====-===-""'-""""'°·'c·c,-...-=~·-·----==c"";-~======Ynrletlus. Descri11tlon, Uses. Whore grown. ·-----·---·-·---·i------1------Atlcook •••••••••••••••••••••• Wl ======~======<==;;======-======V:uietloa. Description. Uses. Whol'e grown. ------1------I--·------Connoctlont Drond Lel\f. -· ••. Mml tft~ntlon of above; lc1wos brondm• in proportion Same ILi! n.bove . • . • . • ...... • . • . • . . . . • . Connooticut, New York, Wiaconala. to longth; fibers moro at l'ight nnglos to midrib. Small lanf, grown from imporlo11 aood; 1· 618