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Nuclear Safety and the Environment

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Nuclear Safety and the Environment (8523($1&200,66,21 QXFOHDUVDIHW\ DQGWKHHQYLURQPHQW 5HYLHZDQG$QDO\VLVRI6ROLG/RQJOLYHG DQG+LJK/HYHO5DGLRDFWLYH:DVWHDULVLQJ DWWKH&KHUQRE\O1XFOHDU3RZHU3ODQW DQGWKH5HVWULFWHG=RQH V. M. Antropov, D. A. Bugai, L. M. C. Dutton, M. Y. Gerchikov, E. J. Kennett, A. I. Ledenev, A. A. Novikov, V. Rudko, J. Ziegenhagen (85(1 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission /(*$/127,&( Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information '*(QYLURQPHQW3URMHFW1R%0$5& 5HYLHZDQG$QDO\VLVRI6ROLG/RQJOLYHGDQG+LJK/HYHO 5DGLRDFWLYH:DVWHDULVLQJDWWKH&KHUQRE\O1XFOHDU 3RZHU3ODQWDQGWKH5HVWULFWHG=RQH V. M. Antropov1, D. A. Bugai2, L. M. C. Dutton3, M. Y. Gerchikov3, E. J. Kennett3, A. I. Ledenev4, A. A. Novikov5, V. Rudko6, J. Ziegenhagen7 1SSE Complex, Chernobyl, Ukraine 2Institute of Geological Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine 3NNC Ltd, Knutsford, UK 4KORO, Zheltiye Vody, Ukraine 5Technocentre, Slavutich, Ukraine 6ISTC Shelter, Chernobyl, Ukraine 7DBE, Germany &75 ,VVXH -DQXDU\ (UURU%RRNPDUNQRWGHILQHG '2&80(17,668(5(&25' HQJLQHHULQJGRFXPHQWV 'RFXPHQW7LWOH Review and analysis of solid long-lived and high level radioactive waste arising at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and the Restricted Zone. 3URMHFW5HIHUHQFH DG Environment Project No B7-5350/99/51983/MAR/C2 Purposeof Issue : For Client’s review. Security Class : (UURU%RRNPDUNQRWGHILQHG Originator/ Issue Description of Amendment Checker Approver Date Author 01 First Draft for Client’s review M Gerchikov LMC Dutton S J Cripps 15.11.00 02 Minor Text Changes E Kennett LMC Dutton S J Cripps 18.01.01 (i) – 1 – A1 – 7RWDOQXPEHU Intro: Text Tables - Figures - Appendices RISDJHV (xxv) 183 H60 Previous issues of this document shall be destroyed or marked 683(56('(' © NNC Limited 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this document, or any information or descriptive material within it may be disclosed, loaned, reproduced, copied, photocopied, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form or used for any purpose without the written permission of the Company Distribution: Lucien Cecille, DG Environment; NNC EDMS; Leonid Tabachny, Ukrainian Ministry of Emergencies; authors 3050aJul00 Controlling procedure - QP11, QP40 'RFSURGUHI NNC Limited C6033/TR/001 Issue 02 Page (i) 6XPPDU\ The study characterised potential waste arisings in the Exclusion Zone surrounding the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Studied sites include the Industrial Zone outside the Sarcophagus, three engineered disposal sites (the so-called PZRO), non-engineered near surface trench dumps (PVLRO), contaminated soil and sites of ‘unauthorised’ disposal within the Exclusion Zone. Analysis of the previous methodology used for waste characterisation and inventory estimates identified a number of errors. A new database was established, which contains the most up-to date information on radwaste in the Exclusion Zone. Based on the analysis of the available information and potential radiological consequences, a judgement was taken regarding the priority of waste retrieval. In a number of cases it is necessary to carry out risk assessment to ensure that in-situ disposal would satisfy the Ukrainian regulations. Assessments of waste stream volumes for subsequent incineration, encapsulation, storage and disposal in the planned near-surface facilities have been made. It is judged that throughput and capacity of the planned waste management facilities specified by OSAT is, in general, appropriate to the likely waste arisings. NNC Limited C6033/TR/001 Issue 02 (UURU%RRNPDUNQRWGHILQHG Page (ii) 7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV 6800$5<,, ,1752'8&7,21 1.1 OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................1 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................................5 1.4 ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN CURRENT STUDY ..................................................................................6 29(59,(:2)5(*8/$725<5(48,5(0(176211($5685)$&(',6326$/2) 5$',2$&7,9(:$67( 2.1 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES ...............................................................................................................9 2.2 UKRAINIAN REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................9 '(6&5,37,212):$67('8036:,7+,17+(&+133(;&/86,21=21( 3.1 INDUSTRIAL ZONE ..............................................................................................................................11 'HVFULSWLRQRI6LWH 0HWKRGVRIGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV :DVWHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV $QDO\VLVRIUHOLDELOLW\RIGDWD ,GHQWLILFDWLRQRIIXUWKHUDFWLYLWLHVUHTXLUHGWRLPSURYHGDWDTXDOLW\ 3.2 PZRO PODLESNY ...............................................................................................................................26 'HVFULSWLRQRI6LWH 0HWKRGVRIGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV :DVWHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV $QDO\VLVRIUHOLDELOLW\RIGDWD ,GHQWLILFDWLRQRIIXUWKHUDFWLYLWLHVWRLPSURYHGDWDTXDOLW\ 3.3 PZRO KOMPLEKSNY..........................................................................................................................39 'HVFULSWLRQRI6LWH 0HWKRGVRIGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV :DVWHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV $QDO\VLVRIUHOLDELOLW\RIGDWD 3.4 PZRO BURYAKOVKA.........................................................................................................................49 'HVFULSWLRQRI6LWH 0HWKRGVRIGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV &KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIZDVWHGLVSRVHGLQ7UHQFKDW%XU\DNRYND &KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIZDVWHGLVSRVHGDW%XU\DNRYNDDVDZKROH $QDO\VLVRIUHOLDELOLW\RIGDWD ,GHQWLILFDWLRQRIIXUWKHUDFWLYLWLHVWRLPSURYHGDWDTXDOLW\ )XWXUH3URVSHFWVIRU5DGLRDFWLYH:DVWH'LVSRVDODW%XU\DNRYND 3.5 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PVLROS .................................................................................................67 3.6 SURVEYED PVLROS ..........................................................................................................................69 0HWKRGVRIGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV 6HFWRURI39/525\]K\/HV 6HFWRUVDQGRI39/52³6WDQW]L\D<DQRY´ 6HFWRUVDQGRI39/52³1HIWHED]D´ 39/52³3HVFKDQQRH3ODWR´6HFWRU 39/52³6WDQW]L\D<DQRY´6HFWRU 3.7 UNSURVEYED PVLROS .....................................................................................................................91 0HWKRGVRIGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV 8QVXUYH\HG6HFWRUVRIWKH39/52V5\]K\/HVDQG6WDQW]L\D<DQRY 39/52³6WDUD\D6WUR\ED]D´ 39/52³6WDQW]L\D6HPLNKRG\´ 39/52³1RYD\D6WUR\ED]D´ 39/52³.RSDFKL´ 39/52³3ULS\DW´ 39/52³&KLVWRJDORYND´ NNC Limited C6033/TR/001 Issue 02 (UURU%RRNPDUNQRWGHILQHG Page (iii) 3.8 CONTAMINATED SOIL WITHIN EXCLUSION ZONE..............................................................................104 'HVFULSWLRQRI6LWH 0HWKRGVRIGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV :DVWHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV 3.9 OTHER SOURCES OF WASTE WITHIN THE EXCLUSION ZONE..............................................................108 8QDXWKRULVHGGLVSRVDOVLWHV 5DVVRKDDQG 3.10 ANALYSIS OF RELIABILITY OF DATA FOR PVLROS, CONTAMINATED SOIL, MACHINERY AND UNAUTHORISED DISPOSAL SITES .....................................................................................................................108 3.11 IDENTIFICATION OF FURTHER ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE DATA QUALITY ............................................109 $1$/<6,62)35,25,7,(6)25:$67(5(75,(9$/$1'5(0(',$7,212)7+( '8036 4.1 SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION..........................................................................................................110 4.2 CORRESPONDENCE OF WASTE DISPOSAL WITHIN THE EXCLUSION ZONE TO INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED NORMS AND STANDARDS..............................................................................................................117 ,$($6DIHW\*XLGHOLQHVIRU1HDU6XUIDFH'LVSRVDO &RPSDULVRQRIZDVWHGLVSRVDOZLWKLQ([FOXVLRQ=RQHZLWK,$($5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV 4.3 QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPARATIVE RISKS TO THE PUBLIC ARISING FROM THE DUMPS 120 ([SRVXUHSDWKZD\V ([SRVXUHRXWVLGH([FOXVLRQ=RQH ([SRVXUHZLWKLQWKH([FOXVLRQ=RQH 6XPPDU\RIGRVHVIURPHDFKH[SRVXUHSDWKZD\ 4.4 PLANNED OR ONGOING ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE EXCLUSION ZONE IMPACTING ON RISKS ARISING FROM WASTE DUMPS.................................................................................................................................................130 )XWXUHRSHUDWLRQVZLWKLQ,QGXVWULDO=RQH )DFLOLWLHVSODQQHGDW6WUR\ED]D 5LJKW%DQN3URWHFWLYH'DP 4.5 PRIORITISATION OF WASTE RETRIEVAL.............................................................................................133 4.6 REMEDIATION OF WASTE DUMPS ......................................................................................................142 ,03/,&$7,216)25:$67(0$1$*(0(17 5.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................145 5.2 INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITY ‘VECTOR’ (CTD) ...........................146 *HQHUDO (VWLPDWHVRIZDVWHDULVLQJVXVHGIRUVSHFLI\LQJ&7' ,QIRUPDWLRQRQWKHSUHVHQWDSSURDFKWRZDVWHWUHDWPHQWFRQGLWLRQLQJDQGSDFNDJLQJ 5DGZDVWHGLVSRVDOVWRUDJH 0DQDJHPHQWRI///,/: 5.3 UPDATED WASTE INVENTORY AND INVENTORY COMPARISON ..........................................................164
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