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Genital Ducts in Several Species of the Cyclophorid Genus Leptopoma

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Genital Ducts in Several Species of the Cyclophorid Genus Leptopoma Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 50 (2): 292-302 — 1980 Gential ducts in several species of the cyclophorid genus Leptopoma (Mollusca, Mesogastropoda) by K. Jonges Institute of Taxonomie Zoology (Zoölogisch Museum), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands male and female ducts extend Abstract mass. Both genital the columellar side of the visceral in along mass; sixteen of the female In species cyclophorid genus Leptopoma the mantle cavity they pass along the right side genital ducts were examined; in four species male genital ducts were examined as well. In the females, bursa copulatrix beneath the rectum. and seminis found to into the receptaculum were open In female duct into the the the genital opens mantle cavity, close to the longitudinal genital aperture. mantle cavity; in the male it is continued through Bursa copulatrix and receptaculum seminis — when present — described the which lies behind the in cyclophorid snails, were hitherto having open- penis right cephalic the oviduct Tielecke, Berry, Kasi- ings into pallial (Weber, it within the mantle into tentacle, or opens cavity nathan). a seminal which along the right side A number of anatomical details of the female genital duct groove passes useful of the head far the of the the in Leptopoma are regarded diagnostic characters for as as tip penis, the taxonomy of this second condition group. being regarded the more primi- tive situation. In both sexes the of the duct INTRODUCTION palliai part genital has thick glandular walls: in the male this part is called in the female this Most terrestrial gastropods are pulmonates, num- prostate gland; glandular duct can be divided in which is bering about 20,500 species. Land prosobranchs a posterior part called albumen and an anterior called number about 3650 species which are confined gland, part mainly to the wet tropics. They are derived direct- capsule gland. Two kinds of ly from families of marine snails and survived by sperm pouches are communicating with the female duct: the bursa changes in patterns of behaviour rather than by genital copulatrix which receives and and the changes in structures. The major structural modifi- sperm prostatic fluid, seminis which cation of the land prosobranchs is the loss of the receptaculum to the sperm pass inner from the bursa. gills, respiration taking place on the surface of the mantle. There are both diotocardian and monotocardian CYCLOPHORID GENITAL DUCTS land prosobranchs. The Helicinidae and Hydro- cenidae are diotocardian, the Cyclophoridae, Po- Cyclophorid genitals have been described by We- matiasidae and Acmidae monotocardian. The ber (1924), Tielecke (1940), Morton (1952), present study deals with the anatomy of the genital Berry (1964) and Kasinathan The de- ducts of several (1975). species of the genus Leptopoma scriptions of Weber ( Cyclopborus ceylanicus (So- belonging to the Cyclophoridae. werby, 1843)), Tielecke (species of Cyclophorus, Leptopoma and 16 more genera) and Kasinathan THE and 4 MONOTOCARDIAN (Cyclophorus jerdoni (Benson, 1851) spe- cies of 3 other REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM genera) gave an overall comparable picture. In the vast majority of monotocardian The of the male proso- palliai part genital duct opens branchs the sexes are The testis or via an anterior into seminal separate. gonad, aperture a groove is found in the whorls of the visceral which the ovary, upper runs up the side of head to the tip of Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 08:17:41AM via free access BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 50 (2) - 1980 293 the penis. It consists of a hind portion extending receptaculum seminis is missing. The palliai parts have backwards from the point of entry of the testis of both male and female genital ducts a terminal duct, and a fore portion leading across the mantle opening. roof. In Pomatias elegans the male genital duct is a The palliai part of the female genital duct is closed tube from the testis to the tip of the penis. described duct with In the female the ovarian duct into as a large glandular an ex- opens a pouch- tensive lateral opening. Two elongated sacs extend like bursa copulatrix. Anteriorly, the bursa, which posteriorly from their openings at the inner end of receives the penis during copulation, has a wide this duct. The larger of these is the bursa copula- opening into the posterior end of the mantle cav- trix. The smaller is the seminis. The and swollen oviduct is sac receptaculum ity. large palliai open Weber (1924) did not mention the existence of to the mantle cavity along the greater part of its a smaller sac in Cyclophorus ceylanicus, but she ventral wall. A pouch-like receptaculum seminis is remarked that in the which but section of one case one big sac, missing, a the ovarian duct some- must have been the bursa, was containing the re- what posterior to the bursa copulatrix functions as mains of a spermatophore. Kasinathan (1975) such. observed in living animals that spermatophores the are manufactured in palliai part of the male MATERIALS AND METHODS genital duct and are directly passed into the bursa copulatrix of the female during copulation. All specimens dissected are from the collection of the Insti- In Murdochia the pallidum (Hutton, 1883) tute of Taxonomie Zoology (Zoölogisch Museum) in Am- duct sterdam and have been collected in Indonesian Archi- male genital is a narrow tube closed through- the pelago. out its whole length, as far as the tip of the penis Of female the genital duct the palliai part alongside the (Morton, 1952). Distinct commu- sperm pouches rectum is figured with the foremost part of the ovarian duct. with the cases of nicating female genital duct are absent. In all a figure is given the columellar side of the palliai oviduct with the bursa copulatrix and receptaculum A duct section of the ovarian functions as recepta- seminis lying in the plane of the paper. In most cases also a culum seminis. is which figure given shows the ventral aspect of the palliai In oviduct with the posteriormost of the albumen to- Opisthostoma retrovertens Tomlin, 1938, a part gland gether with bursa, and ovarian duct in seminis receptaculum lying pouch-like receptaculum is present, but a the plane of the paper. distinct bursa copulatrix is missing (Berry, 1964). The of the male duct palliai part genital opens ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FIGURES via slit into anteriorly a a seminal groove. a — anus — albumen ag gland be — bursa copulatrix GENITAL DUCTS IN POMATIASIDAE eg — capsule gland AND ACMIDAE fcg — folds of capsule gland ga — genital aperture hg — hypobranchial gland Creek (1951, 1953) described the genitals of Po- — of lga lips genital aperture matias ele and Acme fusca gans (Muller, 1774) lpo — lumen of palliai oviduct (Montagu, 1803). In Acme fusca the male genital m — mantle mc — mantle cavity duct opens within the mantle cavity into a seminal me —• mantle edge which extends the side of the head groove along od — ovarian duct — and the whole length of the penis. In the female p penis pr — prostate a "common" duct links the bursa copulatrix, r —- rectum ovarian duct and the of the glandular palliai part rs — receptaculum seminis duct with each from — seminal genital other. Apart con- sg groove — it has sp spermatophore necting these parts an opening into the t — tentacle mantle thus to enter the cavity, permitting sperm td — testis duct bursa — copulatrix during copulation. A pouch-like wpo glandular walls of palliai oviduct Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 08:17:41AM via free access 294 K. JONGES - GENITAL DUCTS OF LEFTOPOMA Leptopoma diplochilus Sykes, 1903 cavity. Before reaching the palliai oviduct it makes (Figs. 1-5) one complete coil. The palliai oviduct is a large glandular duct with an extensive lateral opening; Sykes, 1903: 66, pl. VI figs. 16-18 (type locality: "Wai- pressed against the columellar side lie two sacs, giou"); Schepman, 1909: 197 (Waigeu I.: Piapis Bay); L. the one of which is the bursa and diplochilus + vars. erythrostoma, typica, maculata, unicolor larger copulatrix (type localities of Schepman, 1915: 28, fig. 7 the four vars.: the smaller the receptaculum seminis. Posteriorly Waiu-waigé, along river Rabiai, Beo, Jefjum, Waimenil, and these sacs extend beyond the palliai oviduct Van Kaiawat, all on Waigeu I.); L. diplochilus: Benthem lie the visceral Jutting, 1963: 673 (West New Guinea: Arguni Bay, in Muka on mass. entrance of Arguni Bay, near village of Ton- Both the bursa and into Arguni area; receptaculum open geronu). the the oviduct and narrow space between palliai Specimens dissected. Two SS (figs. 1-3, 4-5) the columellar muscle, thus in fact into the mantle and one 9, Waigeu I.: Beo (leg. De Beaufort, 1910). cavity; their openings are close to the lateral opening of the palliai oviduct. Male genital duct. — From the testis In one of the females studied, the bursa con- which completely fills the apical whorls of the tained a spermatophore (fig. 16; in situ: fig. 15). visceral mass, the straight testis duct leads forward In the other female the bursa was filled with a to the posterior end of the mantle cavity. The which vast quantity of a jelly-like substance was prostate is a broad tube with thick glandular walls; for a part bulging out of it. In the second case in it can be divided a fore portion, which has an of mobilization disso- probably a process sperm by and extensive lateral opening, a hind portion. An- lution of one or more spermatophores was going seminal leads the teriorly a groove from genital on. aperture to the tip of the penis. The penis is not a The free edges or "lips" of the genital aperture closed tube but a laterally folded structure inside are somewhat thickened; by their shapes and po- which the seminal groove has its continuation.
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