DOCSLIB.ORG

Gastropoda Cyclophoridae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gastropoda Cyclophoridae BASTERIA, 63: 139-163, 1999 Notes on the non-marine molluscs of the island of Borneo 9. The and genera Cyclophorus, Leptopoma , Craspedotropis (Gastropoda Prosobranchia: Cyclophoridae) J.J. Vermeulen Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, P.O. Box 9517, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands The species of the generaCyclophorus,Leptopoma, and Craspedotropis (Cyclophoridae) occurring is from the on Borneo are revised. The genus Craspedotropis recorded Borneo for first time, including two new species (C. juvenilis and C. andrei), and one species previously included in Jerdonia (C. borneensis). Key words: Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Cyclophoridae, Cyclophorus, Leptopoma, Craspedotropis, taxonomy, Malaysia, Indonesia, Borneo. INTRODUCTION The revision of the largest family of Bornean land snails, the Diplommatinidae, being completed in the previous instalment of the series (Vermeulen, 1996), the author has started a revision of the second largest family occurring on Borneo, the Cyclophoridae. of The first results are presented in this paper. It provides a revision the cyclophorid 1810 1847 and genera Cyclophorus Montfort, (4 taxa), Leptopoma Pfeiffer, (6 taxa), Craspe- dotropis Blanford, 1864 (3 taxa). The first two include species with large or conspicuously coloured shells that the first be collected almost were among to on Borneo, now two centuries ago. They were also among the first to be described. Unfortunately, the descriptions and illustrations of these early names are often barely accurate enough to recognize the species, and, moreover, in some cases the type material has to be pre- accessible the author. Yet it is that the sumed lost, or was not to expected synonyms listed below species such as Cyclophorus perdix borneensis (Metcalfe, 1851),Leptopoma undatum L. and L. sericatum (Metcalfe, 1851), pellucidum (Grateloup, 1840), (Pfeiffer, 1851) are largely accurate, and that at least no other valid species remain hidden under the synonymized names Access to the literature of this family is greatly facilitated by the various revisions and enumerations that have been published, the last of these being Kobelt (1902a, 1902b) and Gude (1921). Although these works are rather uncritical in many cases, they at least list ofthe nominal Borneo and in surround- provide a fairly complete taxa recognized on ing areas. References to material in the collection of the author are abbreviated as: V, followed by a collection number. Most of this material, including all holotypes of species described here will be deposited in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (RMNH). If available, will be distributed other institutes. For other collections the abbre- paratypes to following British collection viations are used: BMNH, Museum (Natural History), London; K, private 1 For no. 8 in this series see Basteria 60: 87-138, 1996. 140 BASTERIA, Vol. 63, No. 4-6, 1999 of Mr. K. Kittel (Germany); R, private collection ofDr. J. G. M. Raven (The Netherlands); UF, The Florida Museum ofNatural History, Gainesville. After each reference to material seen by the author the number of specimens is given after a slash: /. few other abbreviations used in the references A are geographical in the text, mainly derived from the Indonesian language: Bt. = bukit (hill); G. = Gunung (mountain); K. = Kalimantan of the Indonesian of abbreviation used in (the name part Borneo, only the names of the various provinces); Kpg. = Kampong (village); P. = Pulau (island); Sg. = Sungei (River). The drawings were made by the author, with pencil, using a Wild M 8 stereo micro- with lucida device. scope camera SYSTEMATIC PART Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810 Shell with whitish brownish large (30-50 mm wide), solid, opaque, a silky lustre, to pale or greenish yellow, usually marked with darker brown. Protoconch with well-spaced, thin radial riblets, and a fine spiral striation; transition towards the teleoconch clearly visible. Spire low conical or only slightly raised. Radial sculpture: growth lines mainly, sometimes with riblets close the Umbilicus inconspicuous, spaced to protoconch. open. Aperture circular to elliptic. Peristome thickened and reflected, angular edge without a sinus; peristome either simple, often consisting of thin, overlapping layers towards the or double. Periostracum without hairs other outer margin, thin, smooth, or appendages. with Operculum thin, entirely corneous, many whorls, margins of the whorls not or hardly free, not raised. forest floor Ecology. Probably living on the (based on observations on extralimital species). Distribution. India to Japan, southwards to Papua New Guinea, Indonesia. - Notes. Large genus, including about 200 species. Particularly well-represented from India to Indochina, and in The Philippines, relativelv few species on the Sunda shelf. Key to the Bornean species of Cyclophorus series of (check as large specimens as possible) la The last 3/4 whorl distinctly but obtusely shouldered towards the suture. Peristome double in fully adult the inner 7 from the 1- shells, protruding up to mm outer Cyclophorus niahensis lb Either last whorl somewhat flattened towards the the last 3/4 whorl the 3/4 well-rounded,at most suture; or shouldered towards the suture, and peristome simple 2 2a Spire depressed, apex only slightly raised. Suture channelled from the start ofthe teleoconch onwards. Spiral 2 - sculpture absent or nearly so Cyclophorus phlegethon low conical. Suture but in the last whorl. 2b Spire depressed, not channelled, or only slightly so 1 1/2 Spiral old 3 sculpture present, fine, wavy, but easily wearing off in specimens towards the 3a Peristome either simple, consisting of thin, overlapping layers outer margin, or double, with the inner to 2 mm from the outer. Umbilicus 7.5-9.0 mm wide peristome protruding up 3 - Cyclophorus kinabaluensis 3b Peristome simple, not consisting ofthin layers towards the outermargin (except sometimes in the umbilical region) in fresh shells. Umbilicus 3.8-7.1 mm wide 4 - Cyclophorus borneensis Vermeulen: Non-marine molluscs Borneo & of (Cyclophorus, Leptopoma Craspedotropis) 141 1- Cyclophorus niahensis Godwin Austen, 1889 (fig. 1) Cyclophorus niahensis Godwin Austen, 1889: 334; holotype ("Niah Hills") leg. Everett, BMNH 89.12.7.3. Material SARAWAK. Div.: seen. 4th Kakus Mts., S. of Bintulu (leg. Bryant, UF 268445/1, see note below); G. Subis (Batu Niah) (leg. Dorman et al., UF 196446/3, do., UF 196448/3; leg. Everett, BMNH/3, see also above); G. Subis, W. of Batu Niah (leg. Raven, R/6); Rumah Malang (leg. Lopez, R 1607/1); Materae (leg. Lim Chan Koon, V 5795/1). "North Borneo" (BMNH 1825/1). "Borneo" (RMNH/1). Shell cream-coloured to pale brownish, with an irregular zig-zag pattern of darker brown, with a pale band at the periphery, with a wide band of dark (reddish) brown below and often above the periphery, partially dissolved into thin, more or less contin- lines umbilical whitish brown. low conical. uous spiral or not; region to pale Spire Whorls 4 1/4-4 7/8, the last 3/4 whorl distinctly, obtusely shouldered close to the with obtuse with suture, basally usually a distinct, spiral ridge, periphery a slight to distinct, obtuse edge. Suture depressed, somewhat channelled in the last 1 1/2 whorl. Umbilicus 6.3-8.5 covered the Spiral sculpture present, fine, wavy. mm wide, not by peristome. Peristome white, thickened and reflected, double, with the inner peristome 7 from the 22-30 width 37-50 protruding up to mm outer. Height mm, mm; height 16.5-23 width 18.5-28 mm. aperture mm, -- Ecology. Found in lowland forest on soils over limestone and sandstone/shale bedrock. Distribution. Borneo: Sarawak, 4th Div., Upper Tatau Valley, Batu Niah and surroundings, Middle Baram Valley. shell from Tatau Notes. The only the Valley (UF 268445), a sub-adult with a thin peristome, lacks the spiral ridge on the basal surface. 2- Cyclophorus phlegethon Godwin Austen, 1889 (fig. 2) Cyclophorus phlegethon Godwin Austen, 1889: 335; holotype ("Molu Hills") leg. Hose, BMNH 1998011. everetti E. A. 1893: BMNH Cyclophorus Smith, 343; syntypes ("Barit Mountain") leg. Everett, (not seen). Material seen. SARAWAK. 4th Div.: Bt. Pelamau (leg. Haegens, V 5613/1); G. Mulu G. Mulu National Tutoh area (leg. Everett, BMNH/1, see above); Park, valley, G. Benarat (leg. Wilford, UF 268448/2). Shell but with of darkbrown whitish, an irregular zig-zag pattern usually leaving only of the with of the with wide patches ground colour, a row pale spots at periphery, a band ofdarkerbrown below the periphery; umbilical region whitish to pale brown. Spire raised. with depressed, apex only slightly Whorls 3 1/2-4, well-rounded, periphery or without a slight, obtuse edge. Suture distinctly channelled from the start of the teleo- conch onwards. absent Umbilicus 6.5-8.5 Spiral sculpture or nearly so. mm wide, not covered by the peristome. Peristome dull whitish or pale brownish, only slightly thick- ened and reflected except on the columellar side; either simple, or double with the inner 2 from the 18.5-21 width 34-41 peristome protruding up to mm outer. Height mm, mm; height aperture 15-18 mm, width 17.5-21 mm. Found in forest limestone Recorded from lowland Ecology. on or near outcrops. to up to 1200 m asl. Distribution. Borneo: Sarawak, 4th Div., G. Mulu area and surroundings. 142 BASTERIA, Vol. 63, JVo. 4-6, 1999 Fig. 1. Cyclophorus niahensis Godwin Austen, 1889; Sarawak, G. Subis (RMNH) (shell height 22 mm). Vermeulen: Non-marine molluscs of Borneo (Cyclop/torus, Leptopoma & Craspedotropis) 143 C. Godwin Bt. Pelamau 22 Figs. 2-3. Cyclophorus spec. 2, phlegethon Austen, 1889; Sarawak, (V) (shell height mm). 3, C. kinabaluensis E. A. Smith, 1895; Sabah, Bt. Gomantong (V) (shell height 30 mm). 144 BASTERIA, Vol. 63, Mo. 4-6, 1999 3- Cyclophorus kinabaluensis E. A. Smith, 1895 (fig. 3) Cyclophorus kina-baluensis E. A. Smith, 1895: 1 18; type ("Kina Balu, N. Borneo" BMNH (not seen). Material seen. SABAH. Sandakan Zone: Bt. Gomantong, 30 km S. of Sandakan (leg. Lee et al., UF 114724/6; V 1593/4).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JJ Vermeulen
    BASTERIA, 71: 209-220, 2007 Bukit Sarang (Sarawak, Malaysia), an isolatedlimestone hill with an extraordinary snail fauna J.J. Vermeulen Nationaal Herbarium, Leiden Branch, P.O. Box 9514, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands & D.J. Junau Grand Perfect Sdn Bhd, Lot 3469 & 3470, Parkcity Commerce Square, Jin Tun Ahmad Zaidin, 97008 Bintulu,Sarawak, Malaysia Bukit Sarang is an isolated limestone hill in the Tatau River basin, Sarawak, Malaysia (on the 83 26 island of Borneo). Out of the land snail species found, are assumed to be endemic to the hill. of these described this Nine are as new in paper; they belong tothe Assimineidae (Acmella: 3 species), Cyclophoridae (Japonia: 2 species; Opisthoporus: 1 species), Hydrocenidae (Georissa: 1 species), Camaenidae (Amphidromus: 1 species), Charopidae(Teracharopa: 1 species). Key words; Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Pulmonata, Assimineidae, Cyclophoridae, Hydrocenidae, Camaenidae, Charopidae, taxonomy, Malaysia, Borneo. INTRODUCTION hills Sarawak of the island of Limestone (karst) are widespread in (Malaysia, part Borneo), but not equally distributed over the state. Extensive karst is found in the West, between and Serian. the scattered such those Mulu Bau In East, areas occur, as in Gunung NationalPark, Niah Caves National Park, and in the Baram River headwaters. In between East and West Sarawak karst areas are few and far apart. They are restricted to the Tatau River basin: Bukit Sarang downstream, the Ulu Kakus range upstream. Both limestone isolated: the distance between the is about60 the outcrops are extremely two outcrops km, nearest limestone ranges to the SW., NE. and SSE. (in adjacent Kalimantan, Indonesia) of Bukit Sarang are about 325 km, 150 km and 210 km away, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian, and Samoan Islands
    CYCLOPHORIDAE AND PUPINIDAE OF CAROLINE, FIJIAN, AND SAMOAN ISLANDS BY WILLIAM J. CLENCH BERNICE P. BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETIN 196 HONOLULU, HAWAII PUBLISHED BY THE MUSEUM 1949 ISSUED MAY 18, 1949 FUNDS FOR THE PRINTING OF THIS PAPER WERE CONTRIBUTED BY THE CHARLES M. AND ANNA C. COOKE TRUST. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction , 3 Cyclophoridae 4 Species from the various island groups 5 New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands 5 Santa Cruz Islands 6 Caroline Islands 7 Samoa 9 New Hebrides 19 Fijian Islands 20 Caroline Islands 25 Pupinidae 30 Micronesia and Melanesia 30 Unknown species 48 Literature cited 49 Index 51 Cyclophoridae1 and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian, and Samoan Islands By WILLIAM J. CLENCH CURATOR OF MOW.USKS, HARVARD UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION The following report is based largely upon the extensive collection of Pacific island mollusks in Bernice P. Bishop Museum. The study was made possible by a Yale-Bishop Museum Fellowship which was granted for the winter of 1940-1941. Upon my return to Cambridge, the collection of mollusks in my charge was reviewed for additional data for the two families considered in this paper. I am exceedingly grateful to the Yale University Committee and to the Trustees of Bishop Museum for this fellowship and for the rare opportunity to study in the Hawaiian Islands. The value to the individual scientist of an opportunity of this sort far transcends the published results of a single report. Such an experience with the chance of seeing new and different animals and plants in the field and under totally different conditions naturally tends to shift preconceived viewpoints obtained from other field experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Papuina) Juttingae Nom. Nov. Species Jutting (1899-1991
    110 BASTERIA, Vol. 57, Mo. 4-6, 1993 BASTERIA, 57: 110, 1993 & Papuina juttingae nom. nov. for Helix carinata Hombron Jacquinot, 1807 1841, non Link, Henk+K. Mienis Dept. Evolution, Systematics & Ecology, Hebrew University ofJerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel Helix carinata Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841, a junior primary homonym of Helix carinata Link, is here renamed 1807, Papuinajuttingae nom. nov. Key words: Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Camaenidae, Papuina, nomenclature, Indonesia, New Guinea. An attempt to establish the authorship and date ofpublication ofthe various new taxa the among the molluscs procured by the expeditions ofthe 'Astrolabe' and the 'Zelee' to Antarctic and the Pacific Ocean resulted in the discovery of a case of primary homonymy. is of Helix Helix carinata Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841, a junior primary homonym carinata Link, 1807. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature invalid. Therefore the land snail from (Article 52b) such a name is permanently rare New Guinea bearing the name proposed by Hombron & Jacquinot, nowadays classified the with camaenid genus Papuina Von Martens, 1860, is in need of a new name. The is follows. synonymy now as Papuina (Papuina) juttingae nom. nov. Helix carinata Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) Zool. 16: 62; 1846, Voy. Pole Sud, Moll.: pi. 7 figs. 26-29; Rousseau, 1854, Voy. Pole Sud, Descr., Zool. 5: 26; Tapparone Canefri, 1883, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 19: 121; Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch. (2) 7: 36, pi. 12 figs. 31-34. Non Helix carinata Link, 1807, Beschr. Naturalien-Samml. Univ. Rostock 4: 16. Papuina carinata. — Van Benthem Jutting, 1933, Nova Guinea Zool. 17: 106.
    [Show full text]
  • Genital Ducts in Several Species of the Cyclophorid Genus Leptopoma
    Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 50 (2): 292-302 — 1980 Gential ducts in several species of the cyclophorid genus Leptopoma (Mollusca, Mesogastropoda) by K. Jonges Institute of Taxonomie Zoology (Zoölogisch Museum), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands male and female ducts extend Abstract mass. Both genital the columellar side of the visceral in along mass; sixteen of the female In species cyclophorid genus Leptopoma the mantle cavity they pass along the right side genital ducts were examined; in four species male genital ducts were examined as well. In the females, bursa copulatrix beneath the rectum. and seminis found to into the receptaculum were open In female duct into the the the genital opens mantle cavity, close to the longitudinal genital aperture. mantle cavity; in the male it is continued through Bursa copulatrix and receptaculum seminis — when present — described the which lies behind the in cyclophorid snails, were hitherto having open- penis right cephalic the oviduct Tielecke, Berry, Kasi- ings into pallial (Weber, it within the mantle into tentacle, or opens cavity nathan). a seminal which along the right side A number of anatomical details of the female genital duct groove passes useful of the head far the of the the in Leptopoma are regarded diagnostic characters for as as tip penis, the taxonomy of this second condition group. being regarded the more primi- tive situation. In both sexes the of the duct INTRODUCTION palliai part genital has thick glandular walls: in the male this part is called in the female this Most terrestrial gastropods are pulmonates, num- prostate gland; glandular duct can be divided in which is bering about 20,500 species.
    [Show full text]
  • Darwin Landsnail Diversity Guides
    AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO THE LAND SNAILS OF THE WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA Exotic snails and slugs can be a serious problem because they are often difficult to control and can be locally about 35 Ma. The land-snail fauna of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka reflects this complex geological history. Gandhinagar Small-scale, casual collecting of empty snail shells is unlikely to have a harmful impact on the environment highly abundant. Many of this region's snail genera and most of the approximately 700 species are endemic to it, indicating that GUJARAT because it involves the removal of only tiny amounts of calcium carbonate from a few highly-localized places. Dinarzarde C. Raheem1, Fred Naggs1, N.A. Aravind2 & Richard C. Preece3 there has been substantial evolutionary diversification within this part of South Asia. Several snail genera such as The collection and preservation of live snails is essential for serious and systematic scientific research, but Next to being asked how to kill garden snails, the question we are most often asked is 'what use are they'? This Photography and image editing Harold Taylor1 Corilla and Acavus are thought to have a history that pre-dates the break-up of Gondwana, but are now largely or should only be carried out as part of such work. implies that the existence of organisms needs to be justified in terms of human values and human exploitation; it entirely restricted to the Western Ghats and/or Sri Lanka. A number of other groups (e.g. the genus Glessula, and is not a view we share.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIOXS. 227 AEEANGEMENT FAMILIES OF MOLLUSKS. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BY THEODORE GILL, M. D., Ph.D. WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, FEBRUARY, 1871. ^^1 I ADVERTISEMENT. The following list has been prepared by Dr. Theodore Gill, at the request of the Smithsonian Institution, for the purpose of facilitating the arrangement and classification of the Mollusks and Shells of the National Museum ; and as frequent applica- tions for such a list have been received by the Institution, it has been thought advisable to publish it for more extended use. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. I. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, January, 1871 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION, FEBRUARY 28, 1870. (iii ) CONTENTS. VI PAGE Order 17. Monomyaria . 21 " 18. Rudista , 22 Sub-Branch Molluscoidea . 23 Class Tunicata , 23 Order 19. Saccobranchia . 23 " 20. Dactjlobranchia , 24 " 21. Taeniobranchia , 24 " 22. Larvalia , 24 Class Braehiopoda . 25 Order 23. Arthropomata , 25 " . 24. Lyopomata , 26 Class Polyzoa .... 27 Order 25. Phylactolsemata . 27 " 26. Gymnolseraata . 27 " 27. Rhabdopleurse 30 III. List op Authors referred to 31 IV. Index 45 OTRODUCTIO^. OBJECTS. The want of a complete and consistent list of the principal subdivisions of the mollusks having been experienced for some time, and such a list being at length imperatively needed for the arrangement of the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, the present arrangement has been compiled for that purpose. It must be considered simply as a provisional list, embracing the results of the most recent and approved researches into the systematic relations and anatomy of those animals, but from which innova- tions and peculiar views, affecting materially the classification, have been excluded.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Marine Mollusca of Gebe Island, North Moluccas 225-240 VERNATE 31/2012 S
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Veröffentlichungen des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt (in Folge VERNATE) Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 31 Autor(en)/Author(s): Greke Kristina Artikel/Article: Non-marine Mollusca of Gebe Island, North Moluccas 225-240 VERNATE 31/2012 S. 225-240 Non-marine Mollusca of Gebe Island, North Moluccas Kristine Greķe Abstracts through Gebe and Gag towards the northern part of New data and previous records of non-marine molluscs Bird’s Head Peninsula of New Guinea (SUKAMTO et al. from Gebe Islands, North Moluccas, are reviewed. Two 1981). This geological area is being called East Halma- species new to science from Gebe Island are described hera-Waigeo ophiolite terrane (HALL, NICHOLS 1990) and illustrated, namely Aphanoconia aprica sp. nov. or province (SUKAMTO et al. 1981). Geological history and Pupina laszlowagneri sp. nov. One new synonymy and the current geographically isolated position makes is recognized: Planispira kurri (L.Pfeiffer, 1847) (= P. Gebe interesting in a bio- and palaeogeographical as- gebiensis Sykes, 1904). Type material of poorly known pect. Administratively, Gebe belongs to the province of species is discussed and illustrated for the first time. North Moluccas (Maluku Utara) of Indonesia. Annotated species list of terrestrial and freshwater mol- Gebe is narrow and elongate island stretching from NW luscs from Gebe Island is presented for the first time. to SE (Map 1). Gebe’s terrain is flat, rising from sea Comments on biogeographical relationships of Gebe’s level up to ~300 m. Gebe was originally covered by malacofauna are given.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Rec. zool. Surv. India: 105 (Part 1-2) : 83-95, 2005 CHECKLIST OF TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA RAJENDRA, G. MAVINKURVE, SANDHYA, P., P. SHANBHAG AND N. A. MADHYASTHA* Malacology Centre, Poornaprajna College, Udupi-576 101, Karnataka, India E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]; sps [email protected] INTRODUCTION Molluscs fonn an important constituent of leaf litter and soil biota. They are an ideal group for monitoring site specific environmental impact assessment studies because of their limited migration patterns. Majority of them remain undiscovered or under described, partly because of insufficient exploration and partly because of their often minute sizes (Emberton, 1995). Unfortunately, for the last 75 years or so, in South India, no attention has been paid for this important group with exceptions of some localized reviews and publications [(Tonapi and Mulhekar, 1963; Tonapi 1971; Subba Rao and Mitra, 1979, 1986; Madhyastha et ai., 2003, 2005; Mavinkurve et ai., 2004a, (in press); Sandhya et ai., (submitted)]. The works of Ramanan (1900) and Sathyamurthi (1960) are the preliminary source for those interested in the terrestrial molluscs of Tamil Nadu. This work is in continuation of the checklist for the land snails of the southern states that is being fonnulated (Mavinkurve et al., 2004b). STUDY AREA Situated on the southeastern side of the Indian peninsula, the state of Tamil Nadu has an area of 130,058 sq Ian. The landmass of the state can be divided into two natural divisions: (i) The eastern coastal plain (ii) The hilly region along the north and the west. Along the whole length of the western part, at a distance from the sea varying from 80 to 160 km runs the Western Ghats range, a steep and rugged mass averaging 1220 metres above the sea level.
    [Show full text]
  • Caenogastropoda
    13 Caenogastropoda Winston F. Ponder, Donald J. Colgan, John M. Healy, Alexander Nützel, Luiz R. L. Simone, and Ellen E. Strong Caenogastropods comprise about 60% of living Many caenogastropods are well-known gastropod species and include a large number marine snails and include the Littorinidae (peri- of ecologically and commercially important winkles), Cypraeidae (cowries), Cerithiidae (creep- marine families. They have undergone an ers), Calyptraeidae (slipper limpets), Tonnidae extraordinary adaptive radiation, resulting in (tuns), Cassidae (helmet shells), Ranellidae (tri- considerable morphological, ecological, physi- tons), Strombidae (strombs), Naticidae (moon ological, and behavioral diversity. There is a snails), Muricidae (rock shells, oyster drills, etc.), wide array of often convergent shell morpholo- Volutidae (balers, etc.), Mitridae (miters), Buccin- gies (Figure 13.1), with the typically coiled shell idae (whelks), Terebridae (augers), and Conidae being tall-spired to globose or fl attened, with (cones). There are also well-known freshwater some uncoiled or limpet-like and others with families such as the Viviparidae, Thiaridae, and the shells reduced or, rarely, lost. There are Hydrobiidae and a few terrestrial groups, nota- also considerable modifi cations to the head- bly the Cyclophoroidea. foot and mantle through the group (Figure 13.2) Although there are no reliable estimates and major dietary specializations. It is our aim of named species, living caenogastropods are in this chapter to review the phylogeny of this one of the most diverse metazoan clades. Most group, with emphasis on the areas of expertise families are marine, and many (e.g., Strombidae, of the authors. Cypraeidae, Ovulidae, Cerithiopsidae, Triphori- The fi rst records of undisputed caenogastro- dae, Olividae, Mitridae, Costellariidae, Tereb- pods are from the middle and upper Paleozoic, ridae, Turridae, Conidae) have large numbers and there were signifi cant radiations during the of tropical taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • (Protection of Endangered Species) Ordinance
    L.N. 38 of 1999 ANIMALS AND PLANTS (PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES) ORDINANCE (AMENDMENT OF SCHEDULES) NOTICE 1999 (Made under section 19(1A) of the Animals and Plants (Protection of Endangered Species) Ordinance (Cap. 187)) 1. Commencement This Notice shall come into operation on a day to be appointed by the Secretary for Economic Services by notice in the Gazette. 2. Scheduled Animals Schedule 1 to the Animals and Plants (Protection of Endangered Species) Ordinance (Cap. 187) is amended--- (a) by repealing Part 1 and substituting--- "PART 1 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Common Name ORDER/Family Scientific Name (for information only) CHORDATA Mammalia (Mammals) MONOTREMATA Tachyglossidae Zaglossus species Long-nosed Spiny Anteaters DASYUROMORPHIA Dasyuridae Sminthopsis longicaudata Long-tailed Sminthopsis Sminthopsis psammophila Narrow-footed Sminthopsis Thylacinidae Thylacinus cynocephalus Thylacine PERAMELEMORPHIA Peramelidae Chaeropus ecaudatus Pig-footed Bandicoot Macrotis lagotis Rabbit Bandicoot Macrotis leucura Dwarf Bandicoot Perameles bougainville Western Barred- bandicoot DIPROTODONTIA Phalangeridae Phalanger orientalis Grey Cuscus Spilocuscus (=Phalanger) Spotted Cuscus maculatus Vombatidae Lasiorhinus krefftii Wombat Macropodidae Dendrolagus inustus Dendrolagus ursinus Tree Kangaroo Lagorchestes hirsutus Western Hare-wallaby Lagostrophus fasciatus Banded Hare-wallaby Onychogalea fraenata Bridled Nail-tail Wallaby Onychogalea lunata Crescent Nail-tail Wallaby Potoroidae Bettongia species Rat-kangaroos Caloprymnus campestris
    [Show full text]
  • And Freshwater Molluscs of the Seychelles, with Consequences for Taxa from Africa, Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Europe
    B72(4-6)_totaal-backup_corr:Basteria-basis.qxd 15-9-2008 10:34 Pagina 93 BASTERIA, 72: 93-110, 2008 Notes on the nomenclature of some land- and freshwater molluscs of the Seychelles, with consequences for taxa from Africa, Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Europe Ruud A. BANK & Henk P.M.G. MENKHORST c/o National Museum of Natural History Naturalis, P.O. Box 9517, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; [email protected] & [email protected] The nomenclature of the non-marine molluscs of the Seychelles islands (western Indian Ocean) as used in the 2006 treatise by Gerlach is critically reviewed. Notes are given regarding the use of brackets, publication dates, spelling of species-group names, overlooked genus-group names, and overlooked homonyms and synonyms in species-group names. A revised bibliog- raphy is presented. The Philippine species Steatodryas cepoides should be called Pachya cepoides; the European species now known as Petasina unidentata (Draparnaud, 1805) should be called Petasina monodon (A. Férussac, 1807). For Edouardia sensu auctt. (non Gude, 1914), a group of taxa living in Africa, Madagascar and India, the name Gittenedouardia is introduced. The nomen novum Annularia rosenbergi is introduced for the Jamaican species Turbo pulcher W. Wood, 1828 nec Dillwyn, 1817. Key words: Gastropoda Pulmonata, Acavidae, Stylodonta, Bradybaenidae, Pachya, Steatodryas, Hygromiidae, Petasina, Cerastidae, Conulinus, Edouardia, Gittenedouardia, Annulariidae, Annularia, synonymy, nomenclature, Seychelles, Philippines, Africa, India, Madagascar, Europe. INTRODUCTION Taxonomy (and thus biology as a whole) needs a universal and unambiguous lan- guage for the designation of taxa, and this language is provided by the codes of nomen- clature.
    [Show full text]
  • Prosobranchia: Cyclophoridae
    Zoological Studies 47(5): 591-604 (2008) A Molecular Phylogenetic Investigation of Cyathopoma (Prosobranchia: Cyclophoridae) in East Asia Yen-Chen Lee1,2, Kuang-Yang Lue1, and Wen-Lung Wu2,* 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan 2Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan (Accepted February 22, 2008) Yen-Chen Lee, Kuang-Yang Lue, and Wen-Lung Wu (2008) A molecular phylogenetics investigation of Cyathopoma (Prosobranchia: Cyclophoridae) in East Asia. Zoological Studies 47(5): 591-604. The Cyclophoridae is the dominant group of operculated terrestrial snails in East Asia. The group consists of 4 subfamilies and about 300 species currently arranged in 34 genera. They occupy a range of habitats and exhibit considerable morphological diversity. Members of Cyathopoma are tiny white cyclophorid snails occurring in East Asia, Madagascar, and the Seychelles. The phylogenetic relationships of Cyathopoma are uncertain. In order to investigate the relationships among cyclophorids and within East Asian Cyathopoma species, we sequenced part of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 31 species of 9 genera of cyclophorids. We constructed phylogenetic trees using Neighbor-joining, Bayesian, and maximum-likelihood analyses. Phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequences suggested that Cyclophorus, Cyclotus, Leptopoma, and Platyrhaphe are monophyletic. Combined with molecular and radular data, we concluded that Cyathopoma and Cyclotus are only distantly related. Cyathopoma iota has been considered to be a controversial member of this group. Through molecular and radular data, we found Cya. iota to be closer to Cya. taiwanicum than to Cya. micron, and concluded that Cya. micron, Cya.
    [Show full text]