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The Lentil, Botany, Production and Uses {William Erskine

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The Lentil, Botany, Production and Uses {William Erskine The Lentil Botany, Production and Uses This page intentionally left blank The Lentil Botany, Production and Uses Edited by William Erskine,1 Fred J. Muehlbauer,2 Ashutosh Sarker3 and Balram Sharma4 1Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA), The University of Western Australia, Australia 2USDA-ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, USA 3International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria 4Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Offi ce CABI North American Offi ce Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The lentil : botany, production and uses / William Erskine . [et al.], editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84593-487-3 (alk. paper) 1. Lentils. 2. Lentils–Research. I. Erskine, William. II. Title. SB351.L55L46 2009 635’.658–dc22 2008045710 ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 487 3 Typeset by AMA Dataset Ltd, Preston, UK. Printed and bound in the UK by the MPG Books Group. The paper used for the text pages in this book is FSC certifi ed. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) is an international network to promote responsible management of the world’s forests. Contents Contributors vii Foreword xi 1. Introduction 1 W. Erskine, F.J. Muehlbauer, A. Sarker and B. Sharma 2. Global Production, Supply and Demand 4 W. Erskine 3. Origin, Phylogeny, Domestication and Spread 13 J.I. Cubero, M. Pérez de la Vega and R. Fratini 4. Plant Morphology, Anatomy and Growth Habit 34 M.C. Saxena 5. Agroecology and Crop Adaptation 47 M. Materne and K.H.M. Siddique 6. Genetic Resources: Collection, Characterization, Conservation and Documentation 64 B.J. Furman, C. Coyne, B. Redden, S.K. Sharma and M. Vishnyakova 7. Genetics of Economic Traits 76 B. Sharma 8. Genetic Enhancement for Yield and Yield Stability 102 A. Sarker, A. Aydogan, S. Chandra, M. Kharrat and S. Sabaghpour 9. Breeding for Short Season Environments 121 M. Matiur Rahman, A. Sarker, S. Kumar, A. Ali, N.K. Yadav and M. Lutfor Rahman 10. Improvement in Developed Countries 137 F.J. Muehlbauer, M. Mihov, A. Vandenberg, A. Tullu and M. Materne 11. Advances in Molecular Research 155 R. Ford, B. Mustafa, M. Baum and P.N. Rajesh v vi Contents 12. Breeding and Management to Minimize the Effects of Drought and Improve Water Use Effi ciency 172 R. Shrestha, K.H.M. Siddique, D.W. Turner and N.C. Turner 13. Soil Nutrient Management 194 S.S. Yadav, D.L. McNeil, M. Andrews, C. Chen, J. Brand, G. Singh, B.G. Shivakumar and B. Gangaiah 14. Cropping Systems and Production Agronomy 213 M. Ali, K.K. Singh, S.C. Pramanik and M. Omar Ali 15. Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Soil Health Improvement 229 M.A. Quinn 16. Mechanization 248 J. Diekmann and Y. Al-Saleh 17. Diseases and their Management 262 W. Chen, A.K. Basandrai, D. Basandrai, S. Banniza, B. Bayaa, L. Buchwaldt, J. Davidson, R. Larsen, D. Rubiales and P.W.J. Taylor 18. Insect Pests and their Management 282 R. Ujagir and O.M. Byrne 19. Virus Diseases and their Control 306 S.G. Kumari, R. Larsen, K.M. Makkouk and M. Bashir 20. Weed Management 326 J.P. Yenish, J. Brand, M. Pala and A. Haddad 21. Parasitic Weeds 343 D. Rubiales, M. Fernández-Aparicio and A. Haddad 22. Seed Quality and Alternative Seed Delivery Systems 350 Z. Bishaw, M. Makkawi and A. Aziz Niane 23. Nutritional and Health-benefi cial Quality 368 M.A. Grusak 24. Postharvest Processing and Value Addition 391 Albert Vandenberg 25. Food Preparation and Use 408 R.S. Raghuvanshi and D.P. Singh 26. The Impact of Improvement Research: the Case of Bangladesh and Ethiopia 425 A.A. Aw-Hassan, S. Regassa, Q.M. Shafi qul Islam and A. Sarker Index 447 The colour plate section can be found following p.224 Contributors Ali, Asghar, Pulse Programme, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan, [email protected] Ali, Masood, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India, masoodali53@ rediffmail.com Ali, Mohamed Omar, Pulses Research Centre, Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh, [email protected] Al-Saleh, Yahya, University of Aleppo, Agricultural Faculty, Rural Engineering Department, Aleppo, Syria, [email protected] Andrews, Mitchell, School of Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK, mitch- [email protected] Aw-Hassan, Aden A., International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, [email protected] Aydogan, A., Central Research Institute for Field Crops (CRIFC), Ankara, Turkey, akadir602000@ yahoo.com Banniza, Sabine, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada, [email protected] Basandrai, Ashwani K., CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Dhaulakuan, Dist. Sirmour-173001, India, [email protected] Basandrai, Daisy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Dhaulakuan, Dist. Sirmour-173001, India, [email protected] Bashir, Muhammad, Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan, [email protected] Baum, Michael, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, [email protected] Bayaa, Bassam, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo and International Center for Agri- cultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, [email protected] Bishaw, Zewdie, Seed Unit, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, [email protected] Brand, Jason, Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Horsham, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia, [email protected] vii viii Contributors Buchwaldt, Lone, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada, [email protected] Byrne, Oonagh M., School of Plant Biology/Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (M080), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia, [email protected] Chandra, S., Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India, mali@ iipr.ernet.in Chen, Chengci, Central Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, Moccasin, MT 59462, USA, [email protected] Chen, Weidong, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, [email protected] Coyne, C., Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA, USA, [email protected] Cubero, J.I., Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Apartado 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain, [email protected] Davidson, Jenny, South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia, [email protected] Diekmann, Jürgen, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, [email protected] Erskine, William, Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia, [email protected]. au Fernández-Aparicio, M., Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Apdo 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain, [email protected] Ford, Rebecca, BioMarka, Faculty of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia, [email protected] Fratini, R., Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain, richard.fratini@ unileon.es Furman, B.J., United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Subarctic Agricultural Research Unit, 533 East Fireweed Avenue, Palmer, AK 99645, USA, Bonnie. [email protected] Gangaiah, B., Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, [email protected] Grusak, Michael A., United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA, [email protected] Haddad, Atef, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, [email protected] Islam, Q.M., Shafi qul, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh, qazishafi [email protected] Kharrat, M., National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRAT), Tunis, Tunisia, moha.kharrat@ gmail.com Kumar, Shiv, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, India, [email protected] Kumari, Safaa G., International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, [email protected] Larsen, Richard, United States
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