CADBURY's Therefore BEST, "The Standard of Highest Purity
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ABSOLUTELY PURE, CADBURY's therefore BEST, "The standard of highest Purity. COCOA — The Za?icet. '" 1 ill eSTABLISHED l86s » ~ f if. t . i **w& New Series. Vol. VIII., No. 93. FEBRUARY 1902. ur. f. & #. *r SCIENCE GOSSIP AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY RECORD OF Nature, Country Lore & Applied Science. EDITED BY &&*& JOHN T. CARRINGTON AND F. WINSTONE. LONDON f •* Science-Gossip " Officb, I io Strand, W.C. Wholesale Agents—Horace Marshall & Son. BERLIN : R. Ffiedlandeh & Sohn, Caklstrassk ii. \AU Rights Rtttrvtd.\ J-1» N " <^^m<~a? -.** * - .iii^ ^. **^J jJM^>— -~*= ^^^ ^r**^ Pttiiht nflTT-irmr ^^m nTTiiiMnni PRICE SIXPENCE — . ; SCIENCE- GOSSIP. Medals and Highest Awards at all - - RESEARCH PUBLISHING COMPANY, LIMITED. Great International Exhibitions. (Proprietors of Science-Gossip.} There are 17 Debentures, value of ^10 each, remaining unallotted in the above Company, for which applications are invited at par. They bear five per cent, interest, payable half-yearly. 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SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 257 OUR COCKROACHES. By E. J. Burgess Sopp, F.K.Met.Soc, F.E.S. is little doubt that our common cockroach is the- BLATTIDAE. unwitting cause of frequent shocks to the fairer AT a coroner's inquest held some months ago in sex. Well known although he now is, and faithful the South of England it transpired that the to a degree, this familiar household scavenger has death of the unfortunate victim had been caused never become a favourite. He never figm-es as an 1. Periplaneta americana Linn. 2. P. australasiae Pabr. 3. Rhypardbia maderae Pabr. 4. Leucophaea surinamensis Linn. 5. Plujllodromia germanica Linn., male. 6. P. germanica Linn., female. 7. Ootheca of P. germanica Linn. 8. Eclooia lapponica Linn., male. 9. E.panzeri Steph,, male. 10. E. livida Fabr. (Drawn by E. J. B. Sopp.) " through a chance encounter with a " blackbeetle example like others of his class in the story-books. on the stairs, so terrifying her that she slipped and of our youth, nor has he evoked the rapture of the sustained injuries which proved fatal. Although poets like his more fortunate allies, the grass- happily rarely resulting in so tragic an end, there hoppers and crickets. Even naturalists have little- February 1902.—No. 93, Vol. VIII. Published January 25th, 1902. SCIENCE- GOSSIP. 2 5 8 to say in his favour, and one may search entomo- antiquity is fully established, and in consideration logical literature in vain, from Moufet's "Insec- of the fact it may not prove uninteresting to torum Theatrum " (1634) to Dr. Sharp's monograph glance back for a moment to the conditions prevail- in the "Cambridge Natural History" (1895), for ing in those far-off days, when its early ancestors any substantial testimony to the credit of the cock- were known to exist. roach. One author, for instance, assures us that During Devonian times the amount of dry land this "pestiferous race of beings," i.e. cockroaches, appearing above the waters had probably been " are particularly noisome to collectors," though we greater than in preceding ages. The earlier strata are not told in what way ; whilst again we learn of that system were principally laid down beneath that " these nasty and voracious insects fly out in the sea, but later formations seem to have been the evenings and commit monstrous depredations largely precipitated in extensive and probably somewhat shallow inland or lakes. Ireland . they are very fond of ink and of oil into seas which they are apt to fall and perish. In this was joined to England, and it is not unlikely that case they soon turn most offensively putrid, so one of the land-locked basins of Scotland ex- that a man might as well sit over the cadaverous tended across to the Irish region. The period was body of a large animal as write with the ink in one of considerable volcanic activity. Evidence which they have died" ('). In common too with of both sub-aqueous and sub-aerial eruptions is its near ally, the earwig, the cockroach has often furnished in Britain, the former by the inter- been misunderstood, and occasionally maligned. vening beds of lava in Devon, Cornwall, etc., the 4 It has been seriously suggested that certain of his latter by the Cheviots and Sidlaw Hills ( ). ancestors constituted themselves one of the plagues Shortly after the commencement of the Car- 2 " boniferous period a general submergence of the of Egypt ( ), the Hebrew word Oreb," usually translated " fly," being rendered " beetle " by land occurred in this part of the globe, until Geddes and others, and the species designated by Britain was represented in prehistoric seas by an Dr. Harris, " Nat. Hist, of Bible," Blatta aegyptiaoa archipelago, of which perhaps the largest islets con- Linn., in which he has the support of Eosenmuller sisted of the higher land of Ireland, Scotland, a por- and Michaelis, " Oriental Bible," nov. pp. 5, 28. tion of North Wales, the Midlands, and the Silurian It must, however, be borne in mind, as pointed out district of Cumberland. That long and continuous 3 submergence occurred, is evinced in localities by Hope ( ), that the word Blatta had not amongst many the ancients the restricted meaning which it now by the thickness of the limestone deposits of the enjoys, and there is no evidence to show that earlier period, whilst the numerous bands of coal " Oreb " would be more correctly rendered a swarm and the alternation of land and marine fossils of cockroaches than a plague of flies. point to subsequent frequent and often somewhat The ancestry of our cockroaches extends so far rapid secular oscillations of the surface.