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Diagnóstico Socio Ambiental Y Económico De La Zona Protectora Tivives

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Diagnóstico Socio Ambiental Y Económico De La Zona Protectora Tivives DIAGNÓSTICO SOCIO AMBIENTAL Y ECONÓMICO DE LA ZONA PROTECTORA TIVIVES Área de Conservación Pacifico Central Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC) 2016 2016 Publicado por: SINAC. Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación Donado por: Asociación Costa Rica por Siempre Elaboración técnica: Marcia Carranza Vargas, Adriana Fernández Sánchez, Marco Hidalgo Chaverri, Alexander Gonzalez Vega, Carole Brun, Karla Córdoba Brenes (Fundación Neotrópica). Consultor externo: Gabriel Ballestero (Estudio de tenencia de la tierra). Asesoría Técnica: Alfonso Duarte, Gerardo Chavarría, Francisco Jiménez, Johan Aguilar y Carolina Muñoz (ACOPAC), Marco Vinicio Araya (Secretaría Ejecutiva SINAC), Andrea Montero y Pamela Castillo (Asociación Costa Rica Por Siempre). Copyright: © 2016. Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC) Esta publicación puede citarse sin previa autorización con la condición que se mencione la fuente Citar como: SINAC (Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación). 2016. Diagnóstico socioeconómico y ambiental de la Zona Protectora Tivives. Área de Conservación Pacífico Central (ACOPAC), Costa Rica. 190 p. El proceso de facilitación de este Diagnóstico socioeconómico y ambiental de la Zona Protectora Tivives, fue llevado a cabo mediante un acuerdo de donación por Costa Rica Por Siempre y fue posible gracias al apoyo técnico y financiero del Segundo Canje de Deuda por Naturaleza entre Costa Rica y Estados Unidos, la Asociación Costa Rica Por Siempre y del personal del Área de Conservación Pacífico Central (ACOPAC). La Asociación Costa Rica Por Siempre es una organización sin fines de lucro que administra una iniciativa de conservación público-privada desarrollada con el objetivo de consolidar un sistema de áreas protegidas marinas y terrestres que sea ecológicamente representativo, efectivamente manejado y con una fuente estable de financiamiento, permitiéndole a Costa Rica ser el primer país en desarrollo en cumplir las metas del Programa de Trabajo en Áreas Protegidas (“PTAP”) de la Convención sobre Diversidad Biológica (“CDB”) de las Naciones Unidas. Financiamiento: Segundo Canje de Deuda ISBN: 2 VERSIÓN FINAL Contenido 1. INTRODUCCION .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Proceso para el diseño y formulación del Plan de Manejo ........................................................... 9 Etapas para el diseño y formulación del PGM: ..................................................................................... 9 1.2 Misión, Visión y Objetivos de la Zona Protectora Tivives ................................................................. 11 1.3 Creación y delimitación de la Zona Protectora Tivives ..................................................................... 11 1.3.1 Creación de la Zona Protectora .................................................................................................. 11 1.3.2 Delimitación de la Zona Protectora ........................................................................................... 14 1.4 Marco Legal de la Zona Protectora Tivives ....................................................................................... 17 1.4.1 Propuesta de modificación de límites de la zona protectora .................................................... 17 1.4.2 Requisitos para la Creación y Reducción de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas .................................. 20 1.4.3 Análisis de la categoría de manejo de la Zona Protectora ......................................................... 22 Para conocer más sobre las consideraciones con respecto a la definición de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas ver anexo 4........................................................................................................................ 22 1.5 Análisis del Patrimonio Natural del Estado ....................................................................................... 24 1.6 Caracterización del régimen de Tenencia de Tierra ......................................................................... 28 1.6.1 Resultados obtenidos del estudio de tenencia .......................................................................... 28 2. CONTEXTO BIOGEOGRÁFICO ............................................................................................................. 33 2.1. Ubicación geográfica ........................................................................................................................ 33 2.2. Caracterización e importancia de la Zona Protectora Tivives .......................................................... 33 2.3. Aspectos biofísicos ...................................................................................................................... 34 2.3.1 Hidrología ................................................................................................................................... 34 2.3.2 Clima y precipitación .................................................................................................................. 37 2.3.3 Geología y geomorfología .......................................................................................................... 37 2.4 Suelo .................................................................................................................................................. 40 2.5 Uso de la tierra dentro de la Zona Protectora Tivives ...................................................................... 40 2.6 Capacidad de uso del suelo ............................................................................................................... 46 2.7 Zonas de vida .................................................................................................................................... 49 2.8 Flora .................................................................................................................................................. 49 2.9 Fauna ................................................................................................................................................. 53 2.9.1 Mamiferos .................................................................................................................................. 53 2.9.2 Aves ............................................................................................................................................ 54 3 VERSIÓN FINAL 2.9.3 Reptiles ....................................................................................................................................... 58 2.9.4 Otros grupos faunísticos ............................................................................................................ 59 3. ELEMENTOS FOCALES DE MANEJO ........................................................................................................ 60 3.1 Bosque seco tropical ......................................................................................................................... 61 3.2. Manglar ............................................................................................................................................ 64 3.2.1. Manglar de Tivives .................................................................................................................... 64 3.2.2. Manglar de Mata Limón ............................................................................................................ 65 3.3 Recurso Hídrico ................................................................................................................................. 67 3.3.1. Ríos (Desembocadura y ría del rio Jesús María) ....................................................................... 67 3.3.2. Quebradas (quebrada Cambalache, quebrada Corralillo, afluente Cuarros) ........................... 67 3.3.3. Aguas subterráneas ................................................................................................................... 67 3.4 Amenazas de los Elementos Focales de Manejo .............................................................................. 72 3.4.1 Incendios Forestales................................................................................................................... 73 3.4.2. Expansión agropecuaria ............................................................................................................ 74 3.4.3. Conflicto de tenencia de la tierra .............................................................................................. 75 3.4.4 Sedimentación ........................................................................................................................... 76 4. CONTEXTO SOCIOECONÓMICO Y CULTURAL .................................................................................... 77 4.1 División Territorial Administrativa .................................................................................................... 77 1. Espíritu Santo: ................................................................................................................................. 77 2. San Juan Grande: ............................................................................................................................ 77 3. Macacona: ....................................................................................................................................... 77 4. San Rafael .......................................................................................................................................
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