DOCSLIB.ORG

Characteristic Odor Components of Essential Oil from Scutellaria Laeteviolacea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Journal of Oleo Science Copyright ©2013 by Japan Oil Chemists’ Society J. Oleo Sci. 62, (1) 51-56 (2013) Characteristic Odor Components of Essential Oil from Scutellaria laeteviolacea Mitsuo Miyazawa1＊ , Machi Nomura1, 2, Shinsuke Marumoto1 and Kiyoshige Mori2 1 ‌Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosakashi, Osaka 577-8502, Japan 2 Ohsugi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-1-2 Abeno-ku Tennoji-cho minami, Osaka 545-0002, Japan Abstract: The essential oils from aerial parts of Scutellaria laeteviolacea was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The characteristic odor components were also detected in the oil using gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis and aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA). As a result, 100 components (accounting for 99.11 %) of S. laeteviolacea, were identified. The major components of S. laeteviolacea oil were found to be 1-octen-3-ol (27.72 %), germacrene D (21.67 %),and β-caryophyllene (9.18 %). The GC-O and AEDA results showed that 1-octen-3-ol, germacrene D, germacrene B, and β-caryophyllene were the most characteristic odor components of the oil. These compounds are thought to contribute to the unique flavor of this plant. Key words: essential oil, Scutellaria laeteviolacea, 1-octen-3-ol, aroma extraction dilution analysis, relative flavor activity 1 INTRODUCTION particular, gas chromatography-olfactometry（GC-O）analy- Scutellaria laeteviolacea is a perennial plant belonging sis, including aroma extract dilution analysi（s AEDA）and to the family Lamiaceae. In recent years, this aromatic CharmAnalysis, has been used to identify the potent odor- plant of the aerial parts has been used as a herb in Japan. ants in herbs. In addition, the plant will be applied in fields such as food In the present study, quantitative determination of the products, nonessential luxuries and cosmetic（s as a skin- volatile components of S. laeteviolacea was achieved by whitening agent）1, 2）. The importance of aromatic plants is means of S. laeteviolacea two internal standards, and their considerable because of their potential commercial value in characteristic flavor components were examined by GC-O various fields such as spices, beverages, perfumery, cos- analysis. metics, pharmaceuticals, and aromatherapy1－6）. There have been a few studies on S. laeteviolacea. It has been reported that cyanidin glycoside is the major pigment from the petal parts2）. In addition, the sugar donor specificity of 2 EXPERIMENTAL flavonoid glycosyl transferase in Lamiales plants has been 2.1 Plant materials reported1）. S. laeteviolacea was harvested in Nara Prefecture, Flavor dilution（FD）factors expressed from GC-O ratings Japan, in June 2011. The plant was identified in the bio- provide information on characteristic flavor differences in technology laboratory at Kinki Universit（y Osaka, Japan）. foods. Moreover, the GC-O data correlate concentrations with FD factors equivalent to threshold values for the de- 2.2 Extraction of essential oils terminenations of relative flavor activity. However, the FD Fresh plant materia（l 120 g, whole aerial parts）from a factor does not always correlate with the characteristic sample was subjected to hydrodistillation for 2 h using Lik- flavor, because it sometimes depends on the content. The ens-Nickerson-type apparatus7, 8）. The obtained essential relative flavor activity, in which both FD factor and content oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and diluted in are considered, may be a good index to the flavor charac- diethylether for used in the GC and GC-MS measurements. teristics. We have reported new information on the charac- The oil yield was as follows: S. laeteviolacea 26 mg terization of the essential oils from S. laeteviolacea. In （0.02％）. ＊Correspondence to: Mitsuo Miyazawa, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University 3-4- 1 Kowakae, Higashiosakashi, Osaka 577-8502, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Accepted August 21, 2012 (recieved for review April 4, 2012) Journal of Oleo Science ISSN 1345-8957 print / ISSN 1347-3352 online http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jos/ http://mc.manusriptcentral.com/jjocs 51 M. Miyazawa, M. Nomura, S. Marumoto et al. 2.3 Gas chromatography（GC）and gas chromatography- comparing mass spectral data from Wiley, Mass Finder 2.1 mass spectrometry（GC-MS） Libraries, published data28）, the results of our previous GC and GC-MS were performed with an Agilent Technol- studies13, 29－40）, and Kovats retention indice（s RIs）with ogies 6890 chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization those of the standards or RIs reported in the literature. RI detecto（r FID）on a capillary column（HP-5（30 m×0.25 mm were calculated using a series of n-alkane（s C8-C27）on two i.d., film thickness 0.25 μm）and DB-WAX（15 m×0.25 mm columns of different polarities. i.d., film thickness 0.25 μm））. The oven temperature was The quantitative analysis was performed by means of the programmed to change from 40 to 260℃ at 4℃ /min and internal standard addition method（alkanes C12 and C19）. held at 260℃ for 5 min. The injector and detector tempera- The volatile oil was diluted 100 times using diethylether to ture were 270℃ and 280℃, respectively, with the actual achieve a volume of 1 mL volume, and 5 μL of a C12 and temperature in the MS source reaching approximately C19 mixture solution（1 mg/mL）was added to the diluted 230℃, and the ionization energy was 70 eV. The mass oil. The prepared samples were subjected to GC-MS and range was 39-450 amu. After 6 mg of oil was diluted with GC analyses. The quantitative analysis was performed on 500 μL of diethyl ether, 1 mL of the solution was injected, the basis of calibration curves fo（r E）-3-hexen-1-o（l 2）, and the split ratio was 1:10. 1-octen-3-o（l 7）, 3-octano（l 8）, 3-carene（18）, α-copaene The flow-rate of the carrier ga（s helium）was 1.8 mL/min. （32）, β-caryophyllene（41）, germacrene D（50）, ger- Peak areas were quantified using a computer integrator9－11）. macrene B（52）, δ-cadinene（55）, caroto（l 67）, τ-muurolol （80）, and α-cadino（l 82）within the concentration range 2.4 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactom- 0.5-1000 μg/mL. The weight-percent of each compound etry（GC-MS/O） was calculated with the response factors to the FID. GC-MS/O was carried out with an Agilent Technologies 6890-Agilent Technologies 5973A-Olfactory Detection Port 2, using a capillary column（HP-5MS, 30 m×0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 μm）. The column temperature was pro- 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION grammed to change from 40 to 260℃ at a rate of 4℃/min 3.1 Volatile components of essential oil from S. laetevio- and held at 260℃ for 5 min. The injector and detector lacea temperatures were 270 and 280℃, respectively. The flow In the GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil from S. rate of the carrier ga（s helium）was 1.8 mL/min, with the laeteviolacea 100 compounds, representing 99.11％ of the actual temperature in the MS source reaching approxi- total oil, were characterized. Seventeen peaks were con- mately 230℃, and the ionization voltage was 70 eV. The firmed by sniffing with GC-O. The detected constituents of acquisition mass range was 39-450 amu. The Chemistation the essential oil from S. laeteviolacea are shown in Table 1, software acquired two channel signals simultaneously: one together with their peak percentage（w/w）on the basis of for MS, and the other from the olfactometer signal board. A the HP-5 column and classification according to their func- signal sniffer, the author, recorded the character manually. tional groups. The data are the mean values of triplicate results. The components are listed in order of their elution 2.5 Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis（AEDA） on the HP-5 column. The gas chromatogram and FD chro- The flavor dilution（FD）- factor of the odorants in the es- matogram of the essential oil from S. laeteviolacea are sential oil was determined by aroma extract dilution shown in Fig. 1. analysi（s AEDA）of the following dilution series12, 15－20）. The 1-Octen-3-o（l 27.72％ of total oil）was the most abundant highest dilution was defined as an FD-factor of 1（10 mg/ compound, followed by germacrene D（21.67％）, mL）. The oil was diluted stepwis（e 1:1, v/v）through the ad- β-caryophyllene（9.18％）, 3-carene（8.16％）, and ger- dition of diethyl ether. Aliquots were then analyzed by macrene B（7.11％）. Terpene hydrocarbons were predomi- GC-MS/O on the capillary column HP-5MS9, 11）. The highest nant in the essential oil from S. laeteviolacea. Among the dilution at which an individual component could be detect- oxygenated compounds, 33 alcohols were identified. Mono- ed was defined as the FD-factor for that odorant. On the terpene alcohols accounted for 0.33％, of which basis of the AEDA results, relative flavor activit（y RFA）was α-terpineo（l 0.12％）and geranio（l 0.10％）were the major calculated using the equation reported by Song et al.:12, 19－22）. components. Sesquiterpene alcohols accounted for 4.66％, of which α-cadino（l 1.82％）, caroto（l 1.21％）, and δ-cadinol RFA＝log FD facto（r 2n）/S0.5 （0.99％）were the major components. Khusimone（0.39％） where 2n is the FD factor and S is the weight percentage of was the principal ketone component of the S. laeteviola- the component23－27）.
Recommended publications
  • Metabolic Changes of Aflatoxin B1 to Become an Active Carcinogen And

    Metabolic Changes of Aflatoxin B1 to Become an Active Carcinogen And

    ome Re un se m a rc Im h Immunome Research Carvajal-Moreno M, Immunome Res 2015, 11:2 ISSN: 1745-7580 DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000104 Review Article Open Access Metabolic Changes of Aflatoxin B1 to become an Active Carcinogen and the Control of this Toxin Magda Carvajal-Moreno Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México DF Corresponding author: Magda Carvajal-Moreno, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México DF, Tel: +52 55 5622 1332; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: November 07, 2015; Accepted date: December 18, 2015; Published date: December 22, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Carvajal-Moreno M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Although aflatoxins are unavoidable toxins of food, many methods are available to control them, ranging from natural detoxifying methods to more sophisticated ones. The present review englobes the main characteristics of Aflatoxins as mutagens and carcinogens for humans, their physicochemical properties, the producing fungi, susceptible crops, effects and metabolism. In the metabolism of Aflatoxins the role of cytochromes and isoenzymes, epigenetics, glutathione-S-transferase enzymes, oncogenes and the role of aflatoxins
  • Computer-Aided Chemotaxonomy and Bioprospecting Study of Diterpenes of the Lamiaceae Family

    Computer-Aided Chemotaxonomy and Bioprospecting Study of Diterpenes of the Lamiaceae Family

    molecules Article Computer-Aided Chemotaxonomy and Bioprospecting Study of Diterpenes of the Lamiaceae Family Andreza Barbosa Silva Cavalcanti, Renata Priscila Costa Barros, Vicente Carlos de Oliveira Costa, Marcelo Sobral da Silva, Josean Fechine Tavares , Luciana Scotti and Marcus Tullius Scotti * Post-Graduate Program in Natural Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil; [email protected] (A.B.S.C.); [email protected] (R.P.C.B.); [email protected] (V.C.d.O.C.); [email protected] (M.S.d.S.); [email protected] (J.F.T.); [email protected] (L.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-83-998690415 Received: 4 October 2019; Accepted: 27 October 2019; Published: 30 October 2019 Abstract: Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms and is classified into 12 subfamilies that are composed of 295 genera and 7775 species. It presents a variety of secondary metabolites such as diterpenes that are commonly found in their species, and some of them are known to be chemotaxonomic markers. The aim of this work was to construct a database of diterpenes and to use it to perform a chemotaxonomic analysis among the subfamilies of Lamiaceae, using molecular descriptors and self-organizing maps (SOMs). The 4115 different diterpenes corresponding to 6386 botanical occurrences, which are distributed in eight subfamilies, 66 genera, 639 different species and 4880 geographical locations, were added to SistematX. Molecular descriptors of diterpenes and their respective botanical occurrences were used to generate the SOMs. In all obtained maps, a match rate higher than 80% was observed, demonstrating a separation of the Lamiaceae subfamilies, corroborating with the morphological and molecular data proposed by Li et al.
  • Male Meiotic Studies in 29 Species of Lamiaceae from Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India

    Male Meiotic Studies in 29 Species of Lamiaceae from Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India

    © 2018 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 83(3): 235–243 Male Meiotic Studies in 29 Species of Lamiaceae from Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India Vijay Singh1, Raghbir Chand Gupta2, Kusum Sharma3, Vikas Sharma4, Manjul Sharma1 and Kuljit Kaur1* 1 Department of Botany, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab140407, India 2 Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India 3 Department of Botany, Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, India 4 Department of Botany, DAV University, Jalandhar144012, India Received January 5, 2018; accepted March 2, 2018 Summary Lamiaceae is a requisite depository of many important medicinal herbs, distributed all over the world. The detailed meiotic studies, firstly are helpful in solving taxonomic and evolutionary enigmas and sec- ondly provide best chemotypes for further exploration and conservatory purposes. Male meiosis in 29 species of 54 populations belonging to the 18 genera of Lamiaceae has been undertaken for the first time from Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh falling in Western Himalayas. Euploid cytotypes are reported in Ajuga parviflora (n=8x=32), Nepeta eryostachys (n=4x=18) and N. graciliflora (n=4x=18). Besides, B-chromosomes in previ- ously known cytotypes of five species, A. bracteosa (n=32+0-2B), Leucas lanata (n=11+0-1B), Lycopus euro- peus (n=11+0-1B), Phlomis bracteosa (n=11+0-1B) and Vitex negundo (n=16+0-1B), are reported for the first time. A substantial amount of meiotic abnormalities in the form of chromatin stickiness, cytomixis, chromatin bridges and laggards are reported in the presently worked out population that leads to the high variability in the microsporogenesis, pollen grain size heterogeneity and ultimately, reduce pollen viability.
  • Towards Understanding Mode-Of-Action of Traditional Medicines by Using in Silico Target Prediction

    Towards Understanding Mode-Of-Action of Traditional Medicines by Using in Silico Target Prediction

    TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING MODE-OF-ACTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINES BY USING IN SILICO TARGET PREDICTION Siti Zuraidah Binti Mohamad Zobir Hughes Hall April 2017 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Cambridge Supervisor: Dr Andreas Bender Name: SITI ZURAIDAH BINTI MOHAMAD ZOBIR Title: IN SILICO TARGET PREDICTION: TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING MODE-OF-ACTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINES Abstract Traditional medicines (TM) have been used for centuries to treat illnesses, but in many cases their modes-of-action (MOAs) remain unclear. Given the increasing data of chemical ingredients of traditional medicines and the availability of large-scale bioactivity data linking chemical structures to activities against protein targets, we are now in a position to propose computational hypotheses for the MOAs using in silico target prediction. The MOAs were established from supporting literature. The in silico target prediction, which is based on the “Molecular Similarity Principle”, was modelled via two models: a Naïve Bayes Classifier and a Random Forest Classifier. Chapter 2 discovered the relationship of 46 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapeutic action subclasses by mapping them into a dendrogram using the predicted targets. Overall, the most frequent top three enriched targets/pathways were immune-related targets such as tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) and digestive system such as mineral absorption. Two major protein families, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), and protein kinase family contributed to the diversity of the bioactivity space, while digestive system was consistently annotated pathway motif. Chapter 3 compared the chemical and bioactivity space of 97 anti-cancer plants’ compounds of TCM, Ayurveda and Malay traditional medicine.
  • Scutellaria Barbata in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Research Geyang Tao University of Connecticut - Storrs, Athsstar@Gmail.Com

    Scutellaria Barbata in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Research Geyang Tao University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected]

    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Honors Scholar Theses Honors Scholar Program Spring 4-22-2016 Current Therapeutic Role and Medicinal Potential of Scutellaria barbata in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Research Geyang Tao University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Marcy J. Balunas University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the Alternative and Complementary Medicine Commons, Integrative Medicine Commons, Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Commons, and the Oncology Commons Recommended Citation Tao, Geyang and Balunas, Marcy J., "Current Therapeutic Role and Medicinal Potential of Scutellaria barbata in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Research" (2016). Honors Scholar Theses. 481. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses/481 Current Therapeutic Role and Medicinal Potential of Scutellaria barbata in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Research Geyang Tao Advisor, Marcy J. Balunas, Ph.D. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy Honors Program University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Scutellaria barbata is a common herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) most often used to treat cancer. S. barbata has been found to exhibit efficacy both in vitro and in vivo on a variety of cancer types. Similarly encouraging results have been shown in patients with metastatic breast cancer from Phase Ia and Ib clinical trials. This study aims to elucidate the current use of S. barbata by TCM practitioners and in current Western research. Materials and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen TCM practitioners in Beijing and Nanjing, China to understand their clinical use of S. barbata.
  • From Scutellaria Barbata to BZL101 in Cancer Patients

    From Scutellaria Barbata to BZL101 in Cancer Patients

    Review Natural Product Communications Volume 14(10): 1–12 From Scutellaria barbata to BZL101 in © The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub. com/ journals- permissions Cancer Patients: Phytochemistry, DOI: 10.1177/1934578X19880645 Pharmacology, and Clinical Evidence journals. sagepub. com/ home/ npx Jiayu Gao1, Weiping Yin1, and Olivia Corcoran2 Abstract Scutellaria barbata D.Don is a popular Chinese medicinal plant documented to treat cancer patients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A botanical new investigational drug for breast cancer BZL101 (FDA IDN# 59521) was previously developed in the United States from the aqueous extract of the aerial parts from S. barbata. The early phase 1A and 1B clinical trials show its favor- able toxicity profiles, good clinical tolerance, and promising efficacy for patients with metastatic breast cancer. To further evidence the phytopharmacology research, drug development, and anticancer use of this herb, a systematic literature review was performed herein on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and specifically anticancer clinical evidence. A systematic review of the literature on phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the plant related to cancer treatment employed several web-based scientific da- tabases including Wanfang (Chinese), Pubmed, Web of Science, and Elsevier. Key words included Scutellaria barbata, Ban Zhi Lian, cancer, and tumor. Based on critical quality criteria, only 8 out of 69 reports related to clinical studies of cancer patients in China. This review covered the available literature up to July 2019. The anticancer effects of S. barbata can be explained by the presence of various flavonoids and diterpenoids alkaloids. The underlying mechanisms are primarily summarized as cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-modulated cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic death.
  • Scutellaria Barbata a Review of Chemical Constituents

    Scutellaria Barbata a Review of Chemical Constituents

    LJMU Research Online Chen, Q, Rahman, K, Wang, S-J, Zhou, S and Zhang, H Scutellaria barbata: A Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Application. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/12254/ Article Citation (please note it is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from this work) Chen, Q, Rahman, K, Wang, S-J, Zhou, S and Zhang, H (2019) Scutellaria barbata: A Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Application. Current Pharmaceutical Design. ISSN 1381-6128 LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information please contact [email protected] http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ Scutellaria barbata: A Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Application Qiong Chen1,2, Khalid Rahman3, Su-Juan Wang4*,
  • Phytochemical Investigation of A

    Phytochemical Investigation of A

    Phytochemical Investigation of a Traditional West African Ethnomedicinal Plant, Icacina trichantha BY Brian C Guo B.S., Northwestern University, 2010 M.S., Northwestern University, 2012 DISSERTATION Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacognosy in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago, 2020 Chicago, Illinois Defense Committee: Dr. Chun-Tao Che, Chair and Advisor Dr. Joanna E. Burdette Dr. Jeremy J. Johnson, Pharmacy Practice Dr. Gail B. Mahady Dr. Brian T. Murphy Dr. Duncan Wardrop, Chemistry DEDICATION I dedicate this to Chicago, the city that has meant so much to me. The city where my father came to continue his work in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The city where my immigrant parents met in a new country. The city where they settled and raised our family. The city where I fell in love with my best friend. The city that will always be with me. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My first acknowledgement is to my advisor and mentor, Dr. Chun-Tao Che. His guidance and support made me a better student of the world and the natural power that it holds. Under his tutelage, I have grown as a research scientist. Thanks to him, I can proudly consider myself a pharmacognosist. I would also like to thank my dissertation and preliminary examination committee members. Dr. Jeremy Johnson was a helpful advisor and always willing with his time to help my biological experiments. I am also thankful to him for accepting me as a rotational research student. Dr. Brian Murphy and Dr. Joanna Burdette were very passionate instructors and gave me much needed support early in my career.
  • Biennial Research Symposium April 9 – 13, 2011

    Biennial Research Symposium April 9 – 13, 2011

    Association of Research Directors, Inc. 16th Biennial Research Symposium April 9 – 13, 2011 Atlanta Marriott Marquis Atlanta, Georgia Program & Abstracts 1890 Research: Sustainable Solutions for Current and Emerging Issues Table of Contents Greetings from the Chair of ARD ...................................................................................... iii 1890 Land-Grant Universities ............................................................................................ iv Program ............................................................................................................................... 1 Summary ................................................................................................................ 2 Sunday Morning .................................................................................................... 4 Sunday Afternoon ................................................................................................ 13 Monday Afternoon ............................................................................................... 19 Poster Presentations Food Safety and Global Food Security ................................................................ 29 Renewable Resources, Bioenergy and Environmental ........................................ 32 Sustainable Plant and Animal Production Systems ............................................. 36 Family, Youth, Community and Economic Development ................................... 42 Human Health, Nutrition, and Obesity Prevention .............................................
  • Phytochemical and Biological Investigations on Scutellaria Hastifolia L

    Phytochemical and Biological Investigations on Scutellaria Hastifolia L

    T.C. YEDİTEPE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SCUTELLARIA HASTIFOLIA L. IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Hilal Bardakcı Altan, Pharm. Advisor Prof. Dr. Hasan Kırmızıbekmez ISTANBUL JUNE 2014 1 T.C. YEDİTEPE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SCUTELLARIA HASTIFOLIA L. IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Hilal Bardakcı Altan, Pharm. Advisor Prof. Dr. Hasan Kırmızıbekmez ISTANBUL JUNE 2014 2 3 Dedication Dedicated to my grandmother and grandfather, Muradiye and Mehmet Emin I love you i Acknowledgements There are moments as a milestone in life, and there are persons, make those moments alive. By coming to end of this thesis, first of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the man who makes this moment happen; my advisor, Prof. Dr. Hasan Kırmızıbekmez. His guidance and wisdom enlighted the way of this study in every aspect. I have been extremely lucky to have a supervisor who cared so much about my work, and who responded to my questions and queries so promptly. I would also express my deep appreciation to Prof. Dr. Erdem Yeşilada for providing me the assistantship and for his continous advice during this study. The joy and enthusiasm he has for every research was contagious and motivational for me, even during tough times in the PhD. pursuit. Both of their precious contributions will continue to guide me not only for this study, but also for my life.
  • Downloaded from the TAIR Database, and Those for F6H and F8H in S

    Downloaded from the TAIR Database, and Those for F6H and F8H in S

    Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 18 (2020) 230–240 Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics www.elsevier.com/locate/gpb www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL RESEARCH Comparative Genome Analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria barbata Reveals the Evolution of Active Flavonoid Biosynthesis Zhichao Xu 1,2,#, Ranran Gao 1,#, Xiangdong Pu 1, Rong Xu 1,2, Jiyong Wang 3, Sihao Zheng 3, Yan Zeng 3, Jun Chen 1,2, Chunnian He 1,2, Jingyuan Song 1,2,* 1 Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China 3 China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Beijing 102600, China Received 15 January 2019; revised 20 April 2020; accepted 12 June 2020 Available online 4 November 2020 Handled by Songnian Hu KEYWORDS Abstract Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) and Scutellaria barbata (S. barbata) are common Scutellaria; medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family. Both produce specific flavonoid compounds, including Whole-genome duplication; baicalein, scutellarein, norwogonin, and wogonin, as well as their glycosides, which exhibit antiox- Flavonoid biosynthesis; idant and antitumor activities. Here, we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of S. baicalen- Tandem duplication; sis and S. barbata with quantitative chromosomal variation (2n = 18 and 2n = 26, respectively). Species-specific evolution The divergence of S. baicalensis and S. barbata occurred far earlier than previously reported, and a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event was identified. The insertion of long terminal repeat ele- ments after speciation might be responsible for the observed chromosomal expansion and rear- rangement.
  • Using the Chinese Herb Scutellaria Barbata Against Extensively Drug

    Using the Chinese Herb Scutellaria Barbata Against Extensively Drug

    Tsai et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2018) 18:96 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2151-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Using the Chinese herb Scutellaria barbata against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: in vitro and in vivo studies Chin-Chuan Tsai1†, Chi-Shiuan Lin1†, Chun-Ru Hsu2, Chiu-Ming Chang1, I-Wei Chang3, Li-Wei Lin1, Chih-Hsin Hung4* and Jiun-Ling Wang5* Abstract Background: No animal model studies have been conducted in which the efficacy of herbal compounds has been tested against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Very few antibiotics are available for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB). To find alternative treatments, traditional Chinese herbs were screened for their antimicrobial potential. Methods: Thepresentstudyscreened30herbsthataretraditionally used in Taiwan and that are commonly prescribed for heat clearing and detoxification. The herbs with antibacterial activities were analysed by disc diffusion assays, time-kill assays and a murine lung infection model. Results: Ofthe30herbstested,onlyScutellaria barbata demonstrated 100% in vitro activity against XDRAB. Furthermore, we compared the antibacterial effect of the S. barbata extract with that of colistin, and the S. barbata extract showed better antibacterial effect. In the XDRAB pneumonia murine model, we compared the antimicrobial effects of the orally administered S. barbata extract (200 mg/kg, every 24 h), the intratracheally administered colistin (75,000 U/kg, every 12 h), and the control group. The bacterial load in the lungs of the treatment group that received the oral S. barbata extract showed a significant decrease in comparison to that in the lungs of the control group.