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Male Meiotic Studies in 29 Species of Lamiaceae from Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India

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Male Meiotic Studies in 29 Species of Lamiaceae from Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India © 2018 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 83(3): 235–243 Male Meiotic Studies in 29 Species of Lamiaceae from Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India Vijay Singh1, Raghbir Chand Gupta2, Kusum Sharma3, Vikas Sharma4, Manjul Sharma1 and Kuljit Kaur1* 1 Department of Botany, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab140407, India 2 Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India 3 Department of Botany, Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, India 4 Department of Botany, DAV University, Jalandhar144012, India Received January 5, 2018; accepted March 2, 2018 Summary Lamiaceae is a requisite depository of many important medicinal herbs, distributed all over the world. The detailed meiotic studies, firstly are helpful in solving taxonomic and evolutionary enigmas and sec- ondly provide best chemotypes for further exploration and conservatory purposes. Male meiosis in 29 species of 54 populations belonging to the 18 genera of Lamiaceae has been undertaken for the first time from Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh falling in Western Himalayas. Euploid cytotypes are reported in Ajuga parviflora (n=8x=32), Nepeta eryostachys (n=4x=18) and N. graciliflora (n=4x=18). Besides, B-chromosomes in previ- ously known cytotypes of five species, A. bracteosa (n=32+0-2B), Leucas lanata (n=11+0-1B), Lycopus euro- peus (n=11+0-1B), Phlomis bracteosa (n=11+0-1B) and Vitex negundo (n=16+0-1B), are reported for the first time. A substantial amount of meiotic abnormalities in the form of chromatin stickiness, cytomixis, chromatin bridges and laggards are reported in the presently worked out population that leads to the high variability in the microsporogenesis, pollen grain size heterogeneity and ultimately, reduce pollen viability. Only, the populations with B-chromosome had a low or negligible frequency of meiotic abnormalities. Key words Chromosome number, Lamiaceae, Meiotic abnormality, Sirmaur district. The family Lamiaceae commonly called “Mint fam- ried out (Harley et al. 2004, Bendiksby et al. 2011) to ily” is cosmopolitan in its distribution with Mediter- solve this taxonomic confusion in the family, but seems ranean regions as its center. The family is represented not enough. by about 7200 species in 236 genera overall (Heywood The cytotaxonomy is an important tool in unravel- et al. 2007) and about 335 species in 55 genera in India ing the taxonomic confusions. Moreover, the meiotic (Suthar and Patel 2014), mainly distributed in mountain- abnormalities are also imperative in studying evolution- ous regions. The district Sirmaur is located in the West- ary processes (Gupta et al. 2017, Singh et al. 2017). A ern Himalaya with an altitude ranges from Paunta Sahib significant amount of meiotic studies had been carried (398 m) to high mountains of Churpeaks (3650 m) and out in north Indian plains from south India, western comprises 42 species in 23 genera of the family (Kaur Himalayas and Kashmir Himalayas (Malik et al. 2016). and Sharma 2004). The district is a hub of wild me- However, cytological work on the Lamiaceae is still dicinal plant species that are widely used traditionally as lacking in this part of the western Himalayas. To fill this well as in modern systems of medicine and horticulture. gap, the present meiotic study is an addition to the chro- In pharmaceutical perspective, Lamiaceae are reported mosome database and also helps to solve such taxonomic with antibacterial activity (Maksimovic et al. 2008), confusions. anticancerous activity (Ozkan and Erdoğan 2011), anti- inflammatory anti-tumor activity (Lee et al. 2004) and Materials and methods antioxidant activity (Hussain 2009). However, the family seems taxonomic scrapyard as inter/-or intra tribal and The plant materials have been collected from vari- generic relationships among its members are much com- ous localities of Sirmaur districts (Table 1) of Himachal plex, confusing and poorly understood owing to both Pradesh. Fifty four populations of 29 species belonging homologous and homoplasious morphological characters to 18 genera and ten tribes have been studied cytologi- of its members. A number of molecular studies were car- cally. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Her- barium, Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Pa- * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] tiala (PUN). The specimens are submitted after a proper DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.83.235 identification by consulting various floras of Himachal 236 V. Singh et al. Cytologia 83(3) Table 1. Table showing details regarding name of taxon, locality with altitude, chromosome number (n), ploidy level (x) and size of pollen grains. Locality (altitude in meters), Chromosome Ploidy Pollen grain Pollen viability Name of taxon/Accession number (PUP) Geographical Coordinates number (n) level size (µm) (%) Ajuga bracteosa Wall. P-1 60056 Bagthan (2100), 30°41′N 77°12′E 32+0-2B 8x 31.9×33.5 85 A. parviflora Benth. P-1 58659 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 16 4x 20.6×21.0 96 P-2 60451 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 32* 8x 19.5×22.0 88 35.4×38.3 76 Leonurus cardiaca L. P-1 60453 Churdhar (3600), 30°52′N 77°28′E 9 2x 19.71×18.43 56 Leucas lanata Benth. P-1 60084 Nauradhar (1800), 30°48′N 77°25′E 11+0-1B** 2x 30.5×31.6 76 Calamintha umbrosa (M. Bieb.) Fisch. & Mey. P-1 60064 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 18 2x 34.3×35.0 88 P-2 60067 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 18 2x 33.5×36.1 83 C. vulgaris L. P-1 60081 Nauradhar (1400), 30°48′N 77°25′E 20 2x 35.7×36.9 84 Lycopus europeus L. P-1 60058 Chapdhar (2200), 30°49′N 77°25′E 11+0-1B** 2x 29.6×31.5 96 Mentha longifolia L. P-1 58612 Bagthan (2200), 30°41′N 77°12′E 12 2x 20.3×23.0 82 P-2 58613 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 12 2x 21.6×22.9 80 Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham.) Benth. P-1 58638 Jamnala (2600), 30°50′N 77°26′E 15 2x 30.1×24.5 78 P-2 60062 Nauradhar (1800), 30°48′N 77°25′E 15 2x 29.5×26.5 73 Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines. P-1 60078 Chapdhar (2200), 30°49′N 77°25′E 18 4x 19.2×20.9 92 N. eryostachys Benth. P-1 59785 Chapdhar (2400), 30°49′N 77°25′E 18* 4x 20.9× 22.5 78 P-2 60066 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 18* 4x 20.1×23.4 73 N. govaniana Benth. P-1 58646 Churdhar (3650), 30°52′N 77°28′E 9 2x 19.8×20.1 95 P-2 59788 Tisri (3100), 30°51′N 77°27′E 9 2x 18.9×19.5 93 P-3 60070 Tisri (3100), 30°51′N 77°27′E 9 2x 18.3×20.5 98 P-4 60074 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 9 2x 18.9× 20.5 N. graciliflora Benth. P-1 58621 Bhangiani mata (2600), 30°46′N 77°33′E 18* 4x 16.2×19.2, 65 N. leucophylla Benth. P-1 58634 Shilai (2100), 30°40′N 77°42′E 18 4x 28.4×29.3 79 P-2 58670 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 18 4x 27.3×29.8 83 P-3 60060 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 18 4x 27.9×28.0 89 P-4 60072 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 18 4x 25.9×28.6 84 N. spicata Benth. P-1 60057 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 9 2x 16.5×19.5 63 P-2 59509 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 9 2x 16.0×17.9 71 Origanum vulgare L. P-1 58618 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 15 2x 32.6×33.5 96 P-2 60068 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 15 2x 33.5×36.4 91 P-3 60080 Haripurdhar (2400) 15 2x 31.0×34.2 89 Prunella vulgaris L. P-1 60075 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 14 2x 39.0×40.6 89 P-2 60077 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 14 2x 38.9×41.2 82 Salvia lanata Roxb. P-1 58687 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 11 2x 35.2×38.7 86 P-2 60059 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 11 2x 36.0×39.8 89 S. moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth. P-1 58688 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 11 2x 34.8×35.9 70 Thymus linearis Benth. P-I 58674 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 13 2x 15.3×16.8 69 P-2 60069 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 13 2x 14.9×17.5 67 T. serpyllum L. P-1 60063 Nauradhar (1800), 30°48′N 77°25′E 13 2x 16.5×19.5 58 Plectranthus mollis P-1 60083 Haripurdhar (2400), 30°46′N 77°31′E 14 2x 29.3×31.5 90 P. rugosus (Ainton) Spreng. P-1 58631 Sangrah (1400), 30°46′N 77°33′E 12 2x 32.4×34.6 86 P-2 58684 Sataun (1080), 30°33′N 77°38′E 12 2x 33.0×35.6 82 P-3 60071 Tisri (3100), 30°51′N 77°27′E 12 2x 31.9×32.8 84 P-4 60082 Nauradhar (1800), 30°48′N 77°25′E 12 2x 33.0×35.0 88 Phlomis bracteosa Wall.
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