Synthesis and Analysis of UV-Filters Intercalated in Zeolite L

Synthesis and Analysis of UV-filters Intercalated in Zeolite L

A Major Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering Chemistry By

______Fengfan Zhu

Date: ______

Project Advisors

______Marion Emmert

______Arne Gericke

[PRINTED CONFIDENTIAL] This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects. 1 | Page Abstract Infrastructure maintenance costs billions of dollars every year.

ABSTRACT

This project aimed to optimize the intercalation process for non-charged UV-filters in Zeolite L as well as characterize the intercalated products using different analytical technologies. UV-Visible, Fluorescence, Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy have all been tested to characterize the intercalated products. Of these, UV-Visible Spectroscopy of the washing solution provided the best indirect characterization for intercalated products. To optimize the intercalation process, loading rates were improved by varying the experimental conditions: dispersion time, size, temperature, heating time, and humidity. This project will contribute to the future work of the Meso Sun sunscreen project.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all those who helped me during the project. I could not complete this project without all of your insight, advice and guidance.

A special acknowledgement should be shown to our sponsor, Zürich University of Applied Sciences and Professor Achim Ecker for offering me this great opportunity to work in Switzerland. I also want to extend my thanks to Professor Arne Gericke and Professor Marion Emmert in Worcester Polytechnic Institute, who saved me a spot for this MQP project.

Finally, I am particularly indebted to Lucie Sägesser, who gave me kind encouragement and useful instructions all through the project.

Table&of&Contents& ABSTRACT'...... '1! ACKNOWLEDGEMENT'...... '2! LIST'OF'FIGURES'...... '4! LIST'OF'TABLES'...... '5! CHAPTER'1:'INTRODUCTION:'...... '6! CHAPTER'2:'BACKGROUND'...... '7! 2.1'UVA/UV[3]'...... '7! 2.2'UV@filters'...... '7! 2.2.1!No.4!!!!!Benzophenone.3!...... !8! 2.2.2!No.18!!!Methylbenzylidene!Camphor!...... !9! 2.3'Zeolite'L'...... '10! 2.4'Host@'Guest'Compound'...... '12! CHAPTER'3:'METHODOLOGY'...... '14! 3.1'Intercalation'procedure'for'neutral'charge'UV@filter'...... '14! 3.1.1!Preparation!...... !15! 3.1.2!Factor:!dispersion!time!...... !15! 3.1.3!Factor:!temperature,!heating!time!or!size!...... !16! 3.2.3!Factor:!humidity!...... !19! 3.2'Sample'characterization'...... '20! 3.2.1!UV.Visible!Spectroscopy!for!washing!solution!...... !21! 3.2.2!Fluorescence!Spectroscopy!...... !25! 3.2.3!Raman!Spectroscopy!...... !26! 3.2.4!Fourier!transform!Infrared!Spectroscopy!...... !26! CHAPTER'4:'RESULTS'&'DISCUSSION'...... '28! 4.1'Intercalation'process'analysis'and'optimization'...... '28! 4.1.2!Fact:!dispersion!time!...... !28! 4.1.3!Fact:!humidity!...... !29! 4.1.4!Fact:!small.scale!or!big.scale!procedure!...... !30! 4.1.5!Fact:!temperature!and!heating!time!...... !31! 4.2'Other'Characterization'Methods'...... '34! 4.2.1!Fluorescence!Spectroscopy!...... !34! 4.2.2!Raman!Spectroscopy!...... !34! 4.2.3!Infrared!Spectroscopy!...... !35! CHAPTER'5:'CONCLUSIONS'AND'RECOMMENDATIONS'...... '37' BIBLIOGRAPHY'...... '38'

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Structure of Benzophenone-3 Figure 2: Raw UV-Vis spectrum for pure UV-filter 4 (0.00015 mol/L) in solvent ethanol Figure 3: Structure of 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor Figure 4: Raw UV-Vis spectrum for pure UV-filter 18 (0.00006 mol/L) in solvent ethanol Figure 5: Framework Type Data for Zeolite L (LTL)[ Figure 6: A) Zeolite L framework projected along the c-axis B) side view of the main channel C) its dimensions Figure 7: Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) results for Zeolites Figure 8: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of Tosoh Zeolite L Figure 9: Mechanism of The Intercalation Process for Neutral UV-filters[14] Figure 10: Flowchart of the intercalation process for neutral UV-filters Figure 11: Timetable for small-scale procedure Figure 12: Timetable for big-scale procedure Figure 13: Raw UV-Vis spectrum for pure UV-filter 4 (green) and 18 (red) in solvent ethanol Figure 14: UV-VIS calibration curve for a) UV-filter 4 (y= 8544.2 x +0.1506) b) UV-filter 18 (y= 22937 x -0.0205) in solvent ethanol Figure 15: Flowchart of The washing process for neutral UV-filters Figure 16: Schematic of an Attenuated Total Reflection accessory for Infrared Spectroscopy Figure 17: Adsorption rate VS dispersion time in room temperature range for UV-filter 4 Figure 18: Humidity test: Loading Rate VS Time for 100 degree UV-filter 18 Figure 19: Loading rate vs. time for 100 degree celsius using the small-scale and big-scale procedure Figure 20: Loading rate vs. time for three temperatures from 0.5 hr to 5 hrs -UV-filter 4 Figure 21: Loading rate with first washing only vs. time for three temperatures from 0.5 hr to 5 hr- UV-filter 4 Figure 22: Equilibrium mechanism for the intercalation process of UV-filter 4 Figure 23: Equilibrium mechanism for the intercalation process of UV-filter 18 Figure 24: Loading rate vs. time for three temperatures for the small-scale procedure from 0.5 hr to 5 hrs- UV-filter 18 Figure 25: Loading rate vs. time for three temperatures for the big-scale procedure from 0.5 hr to 5 hrs- UV-filter 18 Figure 26: IR-KBr graphs for A) 4D unwashed sample vs. Zeolite L Figure 26: IR-KBr graphs for B) Pure UV-filter 4 VS 4D washed sample vs. Zeolite L

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Experimental conditions of UV-filter 4 Table 2: Dispersion time for samples of UV-filter 4 Table 3: Experiment conditions for intercalation of UV-filter 4 in small-scale experiment Table 4: Experiment conditions for intercalation of UV-filter 18 in small-scale experiment Table 5: Experiment conditions for intercalation of UV-filter 18 in big-scale Table 6: Heating time interval for samples in different experiments Table 7: Experiment conditions for humidity test of UV-filter 18 Table 8: Experiment conditions for humidity test of UV-filter 4 Table 9: List of characterization analytical technologies Table 10: Data Sheet for loading rate calculation

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION:

With the rapid development of the global economy and the fast advancement of science and technology, it is more and more convenient for people in the contemporary society to go out into the world and to enjoy the warmth of the sun. As such, since last century, the number of skin cancer patients has been dramatically increasing because of too low protection under the sun. As a consequence, the issue of skin protection and restoration is concerning to the general population where a wide discussion has been aroused that what kind of actions should people take to keep away from skin cancer. Wearing sunscreen can effectively avoid the direct exposure of the skin to the ultraviolet-light, which is the potentially dangerous part of the sunlight and can also lead to the skin cancer.[1] The core ingredients of current sunscreens are ultraviolet filters (UV-filters). However, the UV-filters that are currently approved worldwide are not sufficient to form sunscreens to defend completely against the harmful effects of the sun such as sunburn, skin cancer, eye damage (cataract, ocular melanoma), premature skin ageing (wrinkles, pigmentation) and a compromised immune system.[2][3] Even some UV sunscreens have already been confirmed their effectiveness to avoid skin cancer, they may also pose danger to human health by direct contact. Increased usage of sunscreen may lead to increased occurrence of phototoxicities and photoallergies. As reported, one in five people all over the world suffer from photoallergy and photosensitivity to one or more active sunscreen ingredients.[4]

Therefore, the task of this project is to search for a solution to solve the problems listed above. Intercalating the selected UV-filters into inert, porous materials might be a solution that could maintain or improve the overall efficiency of current sunscreens[4], while avoiding the toxic compound to touch the human skin directly and restricting diffusion.[5]

Research groups at the institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry (ICBC) of the Zürich University of Applied Science (ZHAW) has already selected two chemical non- charged UV-filters based on the size, stability and availability. They hope to synthesize and analyze the selected UV-filters intercalated in Zeolite as well as to develop a new sunscreen formulation. This report aims to - Design and optimize the intercalation process for selected organic UV-filters in Zeolite L (LTL). - Characterize the UV-filters and their intercalated products using suitable analytical technologies.

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND

For this project, it is necessary to know what ultraviolet-light is and how it could damage our skin tissues and lead to skin cancer. In order to have a better understanding of the methodology and results, this chapter will give the necessary background information of UV-filters, Zeolite L and other chemicals related to this project. Besides, it is also necessary to have knowledge of the analytical methods that might be used to characterize the products of this project directly or indirectly.

2.1 UVA/UV[3] In order to facilitate a greater understanding of the properties and functions of current UV-filters, the definitions of the UVA and UVB are first addressed.

UVA is defined as the UV light that is in the wavelength range of 315 nm to 400 nm.[6] UVA mainly affects in the deep skin of human body. It is one of the reasons for photoaging and DNA damage. It also can generate some harmful molecular species, which lead to skin cancer. UVA is currently monitored by UVA protection factor (UVA- PF), using in vivo or in vitro methods to test the persistent -pigment darkening (PPD) and minimal darkening effect, when the darkening of skin is visible.[3]

UVB is defined as the UV light that is in the wavelength range of 280 nm to 315 nm.[6] UVB mainly affects the surface of human skin. It can also lead to DNA damaging by sunburn. Sun protection factor (SPF) is currently the way to monitor UVB by using in vivo methods to test the minimum erythemal dose (MED), when the redness of skin is visible. 2.2 UV-filters

The UV-filters, also called UV-absorbers, are divided into two categories - physical UV- filters and chemical filters.[2] (Listed in Appendix A) Among the UV-filters that are allowed in cosmetic products by the European Commission (COSlng) [7], most of the UV-filters are chemical UV-filters and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is a physical UV-filter. However, because of the time limitation, this report will only focus on the UV-filter 4 (Benzophenone-3) and UV-filter 18 (Methylbenzylidene Camphor), which are both chemical and non-charged UV-filters.

2.2.1 No.4 Benzophenone-3

The molecular weight of Benzophenone-3 is 228.25 g/mol; the melting point is 65 ℃! and boiling point is 227 ℃.

Figure 1: Structure of Benzophenone-3 [Length: 3 angstroms]

Figure 2: Raw UV-Vis spectrum for pure UV-filter 4 (0.00015 mol/L) in solvent ethanol

According to the raw UV-Vis spectrum, we can see that UV-filter 4 (Benzophenone-3) can absorb both UVA and UVB, which is the reason why it’s being used to make broad- spectrum sunscreens.

2.2.2 No.18 Methylbenzylidene Camphor

The molecular weight of 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor is 254.3 g/mol; the melting point is 121 ℃ and boiling point is 349℃.

Figure 3: Structure of 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor [Length: 3.5 angstroms]

Figure 4: Raw UV-Vis spectrum for pure UV-filter 18 (0.00006 mol/L) in solvent ethanol

According to the raw UV-Vis spectrum, we can see that UV-filter 18 (Methylbenzylidene Camphor) can absorb only UVB, which suggests that other filters must be added in a formulation.

2.3 Zeolite L

The molecular formula of Zeolite Type L (LTL or Zeolite L) is [8] !!!"!(!!!)!"|[!"!!"!"!!"]. Zeolite L has a relative high melting point at over 1000 and it will not be dissolved in any solvents except Hydrofluoric acid, which decomposes the Si- O- Al cage and forms Al/Si- fluorides.

According to Pauchard’s paper [9], water fills in the channels of Zeolite L and forms hydrated Zeolite L. The amount of water can be estimated by empty space inside the Zeolite L. The range from dehydrated to hydrated Zeolite L in this paper is recorded from 16.2 H2O to 21.7 H2O per unit cell (22%-98% relative humidity). For the convenience of calculation, the molecular weight of Zeolite L in this paper was set as 2834.93 g/mol, with molecular formula of !!!"!| !"!!"!"!!" without any water.

Figure 5: Framework Type Data for Zeolite L (LTL)[8]

Figure 6: A) Zeolite L framework projected along the c-axis B) side view of the main channel C) its dimensions[10]

In the laboratory, three different types of Zeolite L are provided for the Meso Sun project:

1. 90 nm “Nano-Zeolite L” (NZL: red line in Figure 7) 2. 500-1000 nm broad particle size distribution Zeolite L (Zeocat: green line in Figure 7) 3. 500 nm narrow particle size distribution Zeolite L (Tosoh: blue line in Figure 7)

Figure 7: Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) results for Zeolites

Figure 8: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of Tosoh Zeolite L

Since the particle size and shape matches better for homogeneous intercalation, Tosoh (500 nm narrow particle size distribution) was chosen for the experiments and the analysis in the following chapters.

Another reason why we want to have the Tosoh, a Zeolite with a narrow particle size distribution, is because the potential health risk of nanoparticles. Although skin

adsorption is not the major adsorption pathway of nano-objects into the human body relative to inhalation and oral uptake, the powdery nanomaterial still slightly increases the toxicity of the final product. At present, the health risk of nanomaterials is still a new topic and no report could confirm that the potential risk of nanoparticles could be excluded for industrial scale products.[11] In this project, intercalating the UV-filters and avoiding direct skin contact can still offer many advantages compared to current sunscreens (See 2.4: Host Guest Compounds). In the future, the project may try to minimize the potential risk of nanomaterial in the final products.

2.4 Host- Guest Compound

The definition of intercalation might help better understand the Host- Guest Compound. In 1994, the term intercalation has been described as “the overall process whereby a compound is formed without loss of planarity for the layers of carbon atoms, with heteroatoms or molecules residing between the original layers.”[12] According to the chemical encyclopedia Lexikon der Chemie (1998), intercalation is to enclose atoms and small molecules into crystal cages. [13]

The advantages of the host- guest compounds in the application of sunscreen formulas are obvious. First, according to the paper Ultraviolet Filters from Photochemical and Photobiological Science, most chemical UV-filters (which are the main ingredients in currently approved sunscreens) may generate the toxic effect by being applied directly onto the human skin. The host- guest compounds effectively prevent the direct contact by providing a host for the UV-filters and make the sunscreen ingredients safer to use. Second, a large number of people are photosensitive to one or more active sunscreen ingredients (UV-filters) and therefore, would not be able to use those sunscreens that contain these ingredients. Applying Zeolite L encapsulation can cut the connection between any allergens and human skin and therefore, make those sunscreens usable for the broader public. Last but not least, applying the host-guest compounds as the core ingredients can still maintain effectiveness and efficacy of the sunscreen. Sunscreens (UV-filters) are developed to defend against the harmful effects of the sun such as sunburn and skin cancer. The protective properties of UV-filters might not be impacted by intercalating into Zeolites. [2]

The next step is to select the suitable host (Zeolite L) and guest (UV-filter). The selection process of UV-filters and Zeolite L in this project is based on the facts listed below: (details can be found in Appendix A).

1) Size; the diameter of the selected UV-filter should not be bigger than 7.1 Ångstrom to fit into the channel of Zeolite L. 2) Stability; according to the structure of the selected UV-filter, it should not decompose during the intercalation process.

3) Availability; the selected UV-filter should be registered for cosmetic use (Cosing) and available to purchase.

Figure 9: Mechanism of The Intercalation Process for Neutral UV-filters[14]

According to the size and the stability of Zeolite L and UV-filters, we chose non-charged UV-filter 4 and 18 as guest compound and Zeolite L as host compound. Referring back to Chapter 2.2 and 2.3, we can assume that the loading ratio is 1:1 and the ideal loading rates (mole of UV-filter in mole of Zeolite L) are 25% for both UV-filter 4 and 18 in this report.[9]

We can further hypothesize that UV-filter 18 might be more stable in the host and has a higher loading rate referring back to the structures of UV-filter 4 and 18. According to the structure of Benzophenone-3, we can see that it has a planar structure with almost no hindrance. According to the structure of 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor, we can see that the bulky part makes the whole structure non-planar. Furthermore, a hypothesis can be made that it may form H-bonds with Zeolite L so that it is more capable to interact with the inner surface of Zeolite L.

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

This chapter will give basic understanding of the intercalation process (influence factors) as well as the theory of the characterization technologies. 3.1 Intercalation procedure for neutral charge UV-filter

The flowchart of the intercalation process can be found in the Figure 10 below and the mass flowchart can be found in Appendix C.

UV filter solvent +

dissolve

Zeolite L

disperse

ZL in UV filter

solution

evaporate

solvent UV-filter on the

surface of ZL

heat / intercalate

Meso Sun

product

Figure 10: Flowchart of the intercalation process for neutral UV-filters

3.1.1 Preparation Zeolite L, Benzophenone-3 [Sigma- Aldrich Co with 98% purity (PC Code: 101452651)] and Methylbenzylidene Camphor [Sigma- Aldrich Co with >= 98% purity (PC Code: 101399000)] were bought from Sigma- Aldrich Co and stored at room temperature. The solvents (Dichloromethane, 1-butanol and ethanol) were also bought from Sigma- Aldrich Co and stored at room temperature.

For the experimental procedure in the section below, 5 ml and 10 ml graduated flasks and 100 ml volumetric flasks were used for transferring solvent. 50 ml and 250 ml round bottom flasks were used for the dispersion process. Vacuum Controller V-850, Rotavapor R-210 and Heating Bath B-491 (BUCHI®) were used for the rotary evaporation process. A universal hot plate magnetic stirrer (IKA® RCT basic IKAMAG™ safety control,20 L, 1500 rpm, 230 V, 1/cs) and oil bath were used for the heating process. 15 ml centrifuge tube (Corning Centristar®), disposable HPLC syringe filter (Chromafil® Xtra PET-45/25) 5 ml disposable syringe (NORM-JECT®) and disposable hypodermic needle (Sterican®) were used for the washing process.

3.1.2 Factor: dispersion time

Assuming that the ideal loading rate of UV-filter 4 in the Zeolite L is 25%. This amount of UV-filter 4 was measured and dissolved into 10 ml Dichloromethane (bp 40 ℃). The corresponding amount of Zeolite L was added into the solution of the UV-filter. Then, Zeolite L / UV-filter in the solvent were dispersed and suspended for different times and the solvent (Dichloromethane) was removed with a rotary evaporator at 40 ℃ and 600 mbar.[15] The experimental conditions are listed in table 1 and 2.

UV-filter ZL Time Room Relative Experiment 4 Mass Mass Solvent between Temperature Humidity (Sample) (mg) (g) drying ZL () (%) [16]

1(6A-E) 20.3 1 Dichloromethane 20 days 25 57

2(7A-E) 20.3 1 Dichloromethane 21 days 20 72 Table 1: Experimental conditions of UV-filter 4

Sample/ A B C D E F G F (2) G (2) Dispersion

Time (Mins)

1(6A-E) 10 20 30 60 90 NA NA NA NA

2(7A-E) Blank 0 10 20 30 60 120 18 hrs 19 hrs Table 2: Dispersion time for samples of UV-filter 4

3.1.3 Factor: temperature, heating time or size

Assuming that the ideal loading rate of the UV-filter in the Zeolite L is 25%. This amount of UV-filter was measured and dissolved into 10 ml Dichloromethane (bp 40 ℃). The corresponding amount of Zeolite L was added into the solution of the UV-filters. Then, Zeolite L / UV-filter in the solvent were dispersed and suspended for about 30 minutes. After that, the solvent (Dichloromethane) was removed with a rotary evaporator at 40 ℃ and 600 mbar.[15]

Figure 11: Timetable for small-scale procedure

For the small-scale procedure, the intermediate (UV-filter on the surface of Zeolite L) was heated using an oil bath with a magnetic stirring plate at a constant speed of 520 rpm for different heating time intervals and temperatures.

In each heating time interval, corresponding samples in the 10 ml snap cap bottles were taken off from the oil bath with magnetic stirring plate (520 rpm) separately and 0.1g sample was measured for washing. The experimental conditions were listed in Table 3 and 4.

Disper Room Experi UV-filter ZL Heating Time Heating Relative sion ment 4 Mass Mass Temperat between Time Temperat Humidity Time (mg) (g) drying ZL Interval (%)[16] (mins) ure (℃) ure (℃)

3(2A- 20.3 1 ~30 70 4 days α 24 62 E)

4(3A- 20.3 1 ~30 70 14 days β 25 46 E)

5(4A- 20.3 1 ~30 60 14 days β 25 46 E)

6(5A- 20.3 1 ~30 50 18 days β 23 62 E) Table 3: Experiment conditions for intercalation of UV-filter 4 in small-scale experiment

Dispers Room Experi UV-filter ZL Heating Time Heating Relative ion ment 18 Mass Mass Temperat between Time Temperat Humidity Time (mg) (g) drying ZL Interval (%)[16] (mins) ure (℃) ure (℃)!

7(9A-E) 22.4 1 ~30 80 26 days β 19 45

8(10A- 22.4 1 ~30 70 26 days β 19 45 E)

9(11A- 22.4 1 ~30 60 28 days β 16 63 E)

10(12A- 22.4 1 ~30 100 32 days β 22 58 E)

11(13A- 22.4 1 ~30 80 34 days β 22 62 E) Table 4: Experiment conditions for intercalation of UV-filter 18 in small-scale experiment

Figure 12: Timetable for big-scale procedure

For the large-scale procedure, the intermediate (UV-filter on the surface of Zeolite L) was heated using oil bath with a rotary evaporator at a constant speed of level 6 (Rotavapor R-210, BUCHI®) for different heating time intervals and temperatures.

In each time interval, about 0.1g corresponding samples were taken out from the 100 ml round bottom flask in the oil bath with rotary evaporator for washing. The experimental conditions are listed in Table 5.

Disper Room Experim UV-filter ZL Heating Time Heating Relative sion ent 18 Mass Mass Temperat between Time Tempera Humidity Time (mg) (g) drying ZL Interval (%)[17] (mins) ure (℃) ture (℃)

12(14A- 224 10 ~30 80 1 days β 24 52 E)

13(16A- 224 10 ~30 120 7 days β 14 87 E)

14(17A- 224 10 ~30 120 1days β 17 68 E) Table 5: Experiment conditions for intercalation of UV-filter 18 in big-scale

The heating time intervals for the above procedures can be referred in below Table 6.

Sample Heating Time A B C D E (hrs)

α 1 2 3 4 5

β 0.5 1 2 3.5 5

γ 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 5 Table 6: Heating time interval for samples in different experiments

3.2.3 Factor: humidity

Zeolite L for the “humid sample” was placed in a sealed humid environment with water around overnight while Zeolite L for the “dry sample” was dried at 80 ℃/ Vacuum (20 mbar) overnight before experiments in order to avoid the contact with humidity.

Assuming that the ideal loading rate of UV-filter in the Zeolite L is 25%, this amount of UV-filter was measured and dissolved 100 ml Dichloromethane (bp 40℃). A corresponding amount of Zeolite L was added into the solution of the UV-filters. Then, Zeolite L / UV-filter in the solvent were dispersed and suspended for about 40 minutes and the solvent (Dichloromethane) was removed with a rotary evaporator at 40 ℃ and 600 mbar.[15] The intermediates (UV-filter on the surface of Zeolite L) were heated using an oil bath with a rotary evaporator at a constant speed of level 6 (Rotavapor R-210, BUCHI®) for different time intervals and temperatures.

For each time interval, about 0.1g corresponding samples were taken out of the 100 ml round bottom flask in the oil bath with rotary evaporator for washing. The experimental conditions were listed in Table 7 and 8.

Room UV- Evapor Heating Experi ZL Dispersi ZL Heating Tempe Relative filter 18 ation Temper ment Mass on Time Conditi Time Humidity Mass Time ature rature (g) (mins) on Interval (%)[17] (mg) (mins) (℃) (℃)

15(18A 224 10 ~40 ~20 100 Dry γ 18 / -E)

16(19A 224 10 ~40 ~20 100 Humid γ 16 62 -E) Table 7: Experiment conditions for humidity test of UV-filter 18

Room UV- Evapor Heating Experi ZL Dispersi ZL Heating Temper Relative filter 18 ation Temper ment Mass on Time Condi Time Humidity Mass Time ature ature (g) (mins) tion Interval (%)[17] (mg) (mins) (℃) (℃)

17(21A 203 10 ~40 ~20 80 Dry γ 22 / -E)

18(22A Humi 203 10 ~40 ~20 80 γ 22 53 -E) d Table 8: Experiment conditions for humidity test of UV-filter 4

3.2 Sample characterization In order to optimize the intercalation process and to find the best loading rate, analytical methods were identified to characterize the product directly or indirectly.

Technology Instrument/Brand

UV-Visible Spectroscopy Perkin Elmer Lambda 650

Fluorescence Spectroscopy Perkin Elmer LS 55 with powder holder

Raman Spectroscopy WITec Alpha 300 R Microscope

Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR) Bruker Tensor 37 with Golden Gate (Harrick) powder accessory

Infrared Spectroscopy (KBr Pellets) Bruker Tensor 37 Table 9: List of characterization analytical technologies

For sample characterization, UV-Visible, Fluorescence, Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy were used to evaluate the loading rate of UV-filter into the MESO Sun product. However, due to the special characteristic of the product (size, loading rate and solid phase), these analytical methods were not suitable to determine the loading rate of the UV-filter compound. Another method is to use Hydrofluoric acid to dissolve the Zeolite L and detect the concentration of the UV-filter compound in solution. However, Hydrofluoric acid is extremely toxic and facilities for its handling were not available. Besides, while the Zeolite L gets dissolved, it is a destructive analysis method. Therefore, we chose to analyze the loading rate indirectly -- determining the UV-filter concentration in the washing solution by assuming that all of the non-intercalated UV- filters will be washed off after 3 times of washing.

3.2.1 UV-Visible Spectroscopy for washing solution

The schematic of UV-Visible Spectrophotometer is stated: a source of visible light enters from an entrance slit and disperses through the dispersion device. A portion of light transmits through the sample and will be detected by the detector in terms of the absorbance. The software of the Perkin Elmer Lambda 650 instrument then collects and analyzes the data and generates the UV-Vis spectra.[18] Since powders can not be measured by UV-Vis transmission (scattering would interfere with the measurement), the washing solutions of the final products were used for the measurement.

3.2.1.1 Preparation

1) Wavelength and absorbance:

Figure 13: Raw UV-Vis spectrum for pure UV-filter 4 (green) and 18 (red) in solvent ethanol

From Figure 13, we can see that the UV-filter 4 has a strong absorbance at the wavelengths of 266 nm and 324 nm. Since the absorbance signal at the wavelength of 324 nm is less steep and not too strong (within the absorbance range between 0 and 2). In the follow experiments for UV-filter 4, absorbance at wavelength of 324 nm would be

recorded and used as references to calculate the experimental loading rate. For UV- filter 18, the absorbances at 300 nm will be recorded and used as reference to calculate the experimental loading rate.

2) Calibration: Calibration experiments were done for different concentrations of pure UV-filter 4 and 18 in the solvent ethanol before measuring the product washing solutions. Calibration curves for UV-filter 4 and 18 were prepared for the calculation of the experimental loading rates. a) b)

Figure 14: UV-VIS calibration curve for a) UV-filter 4 (y= 8544.2 x +0.1506) b) UV-filter 18 (y= 22937 x -0.0205)[1] in ethanol

3) Solvent Determination: Meso Sun sample 4A and 4E for UV-filter 4 were washed with 5 ml solvent ethanol and solvent 1-butanol for three times. There was no significant difference between these two solvents concerning the loading rates in the result. Based upon the comparison of the cost and toxicity of 1-butanol and ethanol, ethanol was selected for future washing.

3.2.1.2 Process for washing

1) Small-scale sample: About 0.1g Meso Sun sample product from sample A-E was measured into a 10 ml snap cap bottle for UV-filter 4 (experiment 1-4) and UV- filter 18 (Experiment 7-11). Then, the sample was washed with 5 ml ethanol for three times. The filtrate was diluted and an absorbance spectrum of it was recorded (Perkin Elmer Lambda 650).

2) Large-scale sample: About 0.1g Meso Sun sample product was measured from the 100 ml round bottom flask for Sample A-E for UV-filter 4 (Experiment 17- 18) and UV-filter 18 (Experiment 12-16). Then, washed by 5 ml solvent ethanol for

three times. The filtrate was diluted and an absorbance spectrum of it was recorded (Perkin Elmer Lambda 650).

0.1g Meso Sun product

5 ml

washing Solution 5 ml Sampling +

Ethanol Washing I I

5 ml 5 ml Washing II washing Ethanol Solution II

5 ml 5 ml Washing III washing Ethanol Solution III

Washed

product

Figure 15: Flowchart of The washing process for neutral UV-filters

3.2.1.3 Determination of the loading rate by washing

According to the methodology, the maximum/ideal loading rates for all the samples are 25%. The process in below calculated the actual loading rate:

Table 10: Data Sheet for loading rate calculation

Take Sample 18 Aa as an example, the absorbance of three washing samples (18 Aa1, 2 and 3) were measured by UV-Visible Spectroscopy. The detailed calculation has been done in the excel sheets and table 10 above showed the sample calculation for sample 18 Aa.

The experimental concentrations !!![mol/ L] of sample 18 Aa were calculated using the Absorptions [/] at 300 nm and the axis intercept b[/] as well as the factor a [L/mol] from the calibration curve

[!!] = (![!"#]!+ !!)/!!!! Equation 1

18 Aa 1: [!!]= (0.39413 +0.0205)/22937(!/!"#)= 0.00002 (!"#/!) 18 Aa 2: [!!]= (0.24081 +0.0205)/22937(!/!"#)= 0.00001 !(!"#/!) 18 Aa 3: [!!]= (0.34126 +0.0205)/22937(!/!"#)= 0.00001!!(!"#/!)

The actual concentrations !!![mol/ L] were calculated by dividing the dilution times since the filtrates were diluted before the measurements. Equation 2 is shown below:

[!!(!"#/!)] ! = [!!(!"#/!)]/(!"#$%"&'!!"#$) Equation 2

18 Aa 1: [!!]= 0.00002(!"#/!)/ 0.05 = 0.00033(!"#/!) 18 Aa 2: [!!]= 0.00001(!"#/!)/ 0.1 = 0.00011!(!"#/!) 18 Aa 3: [!!]= 0.00001(!"#/!)/ 0.4 = 0.00004 (!"#/!)

The mole of UV-filter 18 in the filtrate was calculated by using Equation 3

!![!"#$!"!!(!"#)!] = ! [!!(!"#/!)] ∗!!!"!(!) Equation 3

18 Aa 1: ![!"#!!"!!(!"#)!]= 0.00033(!"#/!)*0.005!!=0.00000165(!"#)! 18 Aa 2: ![!"#$!"!!(!"#)!] = 0.00011(!"#/!)*0.005!!=0.00000054(!"#)! 18 Aa 3: ![!"#$!"!!(!"#)!] = 0.00004(!"#/!)*0.005!!=0.00000018(!"#)!

Then, the mass of the UV-filter 18 in the filtrate for each washing was calculated by using Equation 4

[!"##!"!!"!(!)!]= [!"#!"!!"!(!"#)!]* [!!"!!"!(!/!"#)!] Equation 4

18 Aa 1: [!"##!"!(!)!]= 0.00000165(!"#)!* 254.3(!/!"#)= 0.00042(!)! 18 Aa 2: [!"##!"!(!)!]= 0.00000054(!"#)* 254.3(!/!"#)=0.00014(!)! 18 Aa 3:[!"##!"!(!)!]= 0.00000018(!"#)!* 254.3(!/!"#)=0.00005(!)!

The mass of the UV-filter 18 compound that was washed out for the selected 0.1 g sample was calculated by adding all three weights of the UV-filter 18 in the washing solution together.

18 Aa: [UV!total!(g)]=0.00042(!)!+0.00014(!)!+ 0.00005(!)= 0.0006(!)

Furthermore, under the homogeneous condition, the total mass of UV-filter 18 that washed out from the whole sample can be calculated using Equation 5

Total mass of UV-filter 18 (g) =!!!!!(mass!of!Total!sample!(g))/(mass!of!selected!washing! sample!(g))*!mass!of!UV

10!!+0.2245!! 18!!":!!"#$%!!"##!!"!!" − !"#$%&!18!(!)!=! !∗ !0.0006!g!=!!0.06155!g 0.1002!!

The experimental loading mass is calculated by subtracting the washed amount from the total mass of UV-filter 18 that initially added. Conversion of the experimental loading mass to mole allows for the experimental loading rate to be calculated using Equation 6 below

!"#$%&'!!"#$!(%) ! = (!"#$!!"!!" − !"#$%&!!"#$%&'('#$)!!"!!"#$%&"!!)/(!"#$!!"!!"#$%!"!!)! Equation 6

!.!!"#!!!!.!"#$$!! !"!! 18 Aa: !"#$%&'!!"#$!(%)= / ∗ !""% = !"% !"#.!!!/!"# !"#$.!"!!/!"#

3.2.2 Fluorescence Spectroscopy

A beam of light is launched from a Xenon Lamp and goes through the filter directly to the sample. The light impinges on the sample and emitted light is detected at a 90- degree angle relative to the incoming beam and passes through an emission

monochromator to the detector. Using the intensities registered at the detector, the software is able to generate plots, which could show the relative absorbance. In order to test the loading rate of UV-filter into the Zeolite L, the powder samples were measured directly by using Perkin Elmer LS 55 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer. [19]

3.2.3 Raman Spectroscopy

One way to excite the molecular vibration is through the inelastic scattering of photons. In Raman Spectroscopy, the detection relies on the inelastic scattered light from the sample but it is only a small portion of the excitation light. Then, the detector received the inelastic scattered light signal and generated the Raman Spectroscopy diagram. The transition energy between two vibrational states is equal to the energy difference between the scattered photons and the incident photons. [20] Raman Spectroscopy is commonly used to identify molecules. In this project, powder samples were measured directly by WITec Alpha 300 R Raman Microscope.[21]

3.2.4 Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a vibrational spectroscopic technique that widely applied in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical industry as well as the field of inorganic chemistry. A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer can be used to detect the structures of unknown organic compounds and to investigate the mechanism of chemical reactions. Moreover, it can also quantify the sample by investigating the magnitude of IR absorbances.[22]

Figure 16: Schematic of an Attenuated Total Reflection accessory for Infrared Spectroscopy [23]

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) is one way to detect the configuration of samples via FTIR. Infrared light is sent through the ATR crystal, generating an evanescent wave

above the crystal that interacts with the sample. The reflected signal is collected by the detector to generate the spectrum. The reflected beam has a slightly reduced intensity relative to the incoming beam due the interaction with the sample. The evanescent wave penetrates only a few micrometers into the sample and the ATR signal will not be affected by the state (solid or liquid state) of the sample as well as its thickness (as long as the thickness of the sample is significant larger than the wavelength of the IR radiation). In order to test the best loading rate, the powder samples were measured directly by Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR Spectrometer.

Another way to analyze of samples via FTIR is via transmission through KBr pellets. As the infrared light is transmitted through the KBr pellets, the transmitted energy is measured and spectrum is generated. Before the detection, the KBr pellets need to be equipped with a small amount of the analyzed substance. Any absorption process due to the presence of imbedded material in the KBr pellet, leads to a intensity reduction of the transmitted radiation. The thickness of the KBr pellet mainly depends on the transparency of the analyzed substance since KBr is almost transparent. While the color of substance is darker, the KBr pellet should be thinner [23]. Using Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR Spectrometer, the powder sample was measured by KBr fine powder and the KBr pellet was made by a pellet press.

In this report, both methods - ATR and Transmission - were used to find the best way for the characterization of the zeolites. The theories of ATR and transmission are totally different Infrared light transmits through the KBr pellets for transmission while it only reflects on the surface of the sample for ATR. Moreover, the spectrum for ATR is generated by collecting the reflected light while the spectrum for transmission is relies on the transmitted light.

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS & DISCUSSION

4.1 Intercalation process analysis and optimization -- Only for washing solution and UV-Vis Spectroscopy

4.1.2 Fact: dispersion time

Figure 17: Adsorption rate VS dispersion time in room temperature range for UV-filter 4[Black line: p(max) = 25% ]

The adsorption rate trended to be in equilibrium after about 30 minutes and the rate of adsorption was not affected within the room temperature range.

4.1.3 Fact: humidity

Figure 18: Humidity test: Loading Rate VS Time for 100 degree UV-filter 18[Black line: p(max) = 25% ]

The humidity was one of the major influence factors for the variance of the loading rate. According to the Figure 18, we can see that the loading rate dropped for the humid sample from 0.5 hrs. to 2.5 hrs., while the loading rate remained stable for the dry samples. Based on the result of the humidity test, we assumed that the humidity might cause the dropping point for the loading rate curve of the humid sample while controlling the same heating time and temperature.

4.1.4 Fact: small-scale or big-scale procedure

Comparing the small-scale and the big-scale procedures in Chapter 3.1.3, the small- scale procedure, which has separated and small samples, was more accurate for controlling the heating time of the experiment. However, with fewer amounts of UV-filter and Zeolite L, the experimental errors might be relatively large and the experiment loading rates fluctuate slightly. The big-scale procedure with large size samples had the advantage that it was well controlled in terms of the dispersion time and the rotatory evaporation. However, it was more likely that the samples were not well mixed. It also increased the difficulty of taking the sample out for washing because the samples were heating on the rotary evaporator. Heating had to be stopped in order to take the sample out.

Figure 19: Loading rate vs. time for 100 degree celsius using the small-scale and big- scale procedure[Black line: p(max) = 25% ]

Figure 19 shows the loading rate from 0.5 hrs. to 5 hrs. at 100 degree celsius for both big-scale and small-scale samples. As a result, the two curves had similar trends but the one using big-scale method had the relatively higher loading rate, which suggests that the big-scale method has a better efficiency.

4.1.5 Fact: temperature and heating time

Figure 20: Loading rate vs. time for three temperatures from 0.5 hr to 5 hrs -UV-filter 4 [Black line: p(max) = 25% ]

Figure 21: Loading rate with first washing only vs. time for three temperatures from 0.5 hr to 5 hr- UV-filter 4 [Black line: p(max) = 25% ]

In Figure 20, we can see that the intercalating process for UV-filter 4 has a relatively low loading rate in all temperatures from 0.5 hrs to 5 hrs. Therefore, we assumed that the UV-filter 4 might intercalate at first then was washed out by ethanol after washing 3 times. Besides, humidity in the experimental area can also affect the loading rate of UV- filter 4 in the Zeolite L. Water molecular can replace or move out intercalated UV-filter 4 from the channels of Zeolite L. According to the structure of Zeolite L in the background, we could assume that water started to replace the position of UV-filter when more water was in this intercalated process. Moreover, in Figure 21, we can see that the loading rate of UV-filter 4 calculated by the first time washing only increases with heating time. The increasing loading rates of UV-filter 4 draw the attention that we further made a hypothesis 9 the intercalation process might achieve equilibrium at certain point. Figure 22 and 23 in below described the assumed equilibrium mechanisms for UV-filter 4 and UV-filter 18.

H 2O + + H2O

UV 4 UV 4

Figure 22: Equilibrium mechanism for the intercalation process of UV-filter 4 [14]

2 H2O + + H O

UV 18 UV 18

Figure 23: Equilibrium mechanism for the intercalation process of UV-filter 18 [14]

Also, interactions of the organic molecule with the walls of the zeolite cage are smaller compared to the interactions with water. Therefore, water might be preferred in the reactions for certain conditions.

Figure 24: Loading rate vs. time for three temperatures for the small-scale procedure from 0.5 hr to 5 hrs- UV-filter 18 [Black line: p(max) = 25% ]

Figure 25: Loading rate vs. time for three temperatures for the big-scale procedure from 0.5 hr to 5 hrs- UV-filter 18 [Black line: p(max) = 25% ]

Comparing UV-filter 4 and UV-filter 18 (Figure 20 and 24), the plots were in general similar: the loading rate of UV-filter in Zeolite L went up when increased the temperature or/and extended the heating time.

UV-filter 4 was easier to wash out with ethanol according to those washing plots and had a relatively lower loading rate, which confirmed the hypothesis in Chapter 2.3. For

UV-filter 18 in Figure 25, the loading rate reached its equilibrium at 18% (p(max) = 25%) when heating under 100 degree after 0.5 hr.

4.2 Other Characterization Methods

4.2.1 Fluorescence Spectroscopy

There was no UV fluorescence detected with the following wavelengths: 266 nm and 324 nm (The only peak was reflection). Referring to the paper: A Reevaluation of the Photolytic Properties of 2-Hydroxybenzophenone-Based UV Sunscreens [24], it has also been shown that UV-filters could not been detected even with ultrasensitive time- correlated single- photon counting fluorescence.

4.2.2 Raman Spectroscopy

There is no significant signal observed in the wavenumber range from 200 !!!! - 500!!!! by Raman Spectroscopy and the sample got easily burned. Furthermore, there is no significant difference between washed samples and unwashed sample. Therefore, Raman Spectroscopy might not be a good way to characterize the intercalated products.

4.2.3 Infrared Spectroscopy

Figure 26: IR-KBr graphs for A) 4D unwashed sample vs. Zeolite L

Figure 26: IR-KBr graphs for B) Pure UV-filter 4 VS 4D washed sample vs. Zeolite L

According to Figure 26, there is no significant difference between washed samples, unwashed sample and pure Zeolite L in the wavenumber range 500!!"!1 !− !4000!!"!1 by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for both Attenuated Total Reflectance and Transmission with KBr Pellets.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This report mainly focused on designing and optimizing the intercalation process for selected neutral charged UV-filters in Zeolite L (LTL). In order to prove the feasibility and further optimize the intercalation process, characterizations of intercalated products have been done using analytical technologies such as UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy.

From the methodology and the result, the intercalation process for neutral charged UV- filters in Zeolite L can be improved and optimized based on the influence factors: dispersion time, size, temperature, heating time and humidity. Among them, humidity was the major factor that influenced the experimental loading rates. Therefore, in the future work, further effort should be expended on the intercalation process in order to avoid the humidity. The big-scale process was preferred because it might eliminate more random errors in the experiments and improved the general efficiency. Intercalating UV-filters into zeolite L with higher temperature or longer heating time might increase the loading rate until it reached the equilibrium. However, because of the project time limitation, this report didn’t included repeat experiments. Future work is still needed to make all of the data more accurate with the standard deviation and repeatable.

UV-Visible, Fluorescence, Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy have been tested for the characterization of intercalation products. However, the loading rate could not be characterized by testing the final products directly. It might due to the reason that Zeolite could not be dissolved to form solutions in general cases. Or the loading rate might be too low to detect. Although there is another way to use Hydrofluoric acid to dissolve the final product into solution, we did not test in this project. This method would waste certain amount of final products because Zeolite L will be destroyed. Moreover, Hydrofluoric acid is extremely toxic and the facilities for its handling were not available.

The intercalation process was further improved by analyzing the washing solution of the products by UV-Visible Spectroscopy. UV-Visible spectrometer detected the washing solution indirectly in term of the absorbance. According to the further calculation process, we converted the values of absorbance into the experimental loading rate. In the future, the characterization method still needs to be optimized in term of efficiency and environmental friendly.

Above all, this project contributes to the future work of a novel Meso Sun sunscreen formulation. It tested the feasibility of the intercalation process in order to build one of the ingredients in the Meso Sunscreen. While there is a great possibility to intercalate

the selected UV-filters into Zeolite L, some improvements still need to be done in order to achieve the final goal of designing and developing a novel Meso Sun sunscreen formulation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Cancer Council, Sun protection media kit, Summer 2010–11: 2010. http://www.cancer.org.au [2] Shaath, N. A., Ultraviolet Filters. In Photochemical and Photobiological Science: 2010; Vol. 9, pp 464-469. [3] Jutta Kockler, M. O. l., Sherryl Robertson, Beverley D. Glass, Photostability of sunscreens. In Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews: 2012; Vol. 13, pp 91-110. [4] Michelle N. Chre ́tien, E. H. a. J. C. S., Reducing Adverse Effects from UV Sunscreens by Zeolite Encapsulation: Comparison of Oxybenzone in Solution and in Zeolites. In Photochemistry and Photobiology: 2010; Vol. 86, pp 153– 161 [5] Yongjun Feng, D. L., Yuan Wang, David G. Evans, Xue Duan, Synthesis and characterization of a UV absorbent- intercalated ZneAl layered double hydroxide. In Polymer Degradation and Stability: 2006; Vol. 91, p 789-794. [6] Burwell, S. M., Ultraviolet-Radiation-Related Exposures. In the 13th Report on Carcinogens: 2014. [7] CosIng. http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/ [8] Christian Baerlocher, L. B. M. a. D. H. O., LTL- Framework Type Data. Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types 2007. [9] Pauchard M, D. A., Calzaferri G., Dye-loaded zeolite L sandwiches as artificial antenna systems for light transport. In Chemistry: 2000; Vol. 6, p 70. [10] Ruiz, A.; Bruhwiler, D.; Ban, T.; al, e., Synthesis of zeolite L. tuning size and morphology. In Monatshefte fur Chemie: 2005; Vol. 136, pp 77-89. [11] Harald Krug, P. W., Bernd Nowack, Human and Ecotoxicity of Synthetic Nanomaterial. Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN): Bern, 2013. [12] Hanns-Peter Boehm, R. S. a. E. S., Nomenclature and Terminology of Graphite Intercalation Compounds. In Pure & Appl. Chem: 1994; Vol. 66, pp 1893-1901. [13] Nagel, B., Römpp Chemie Lexikon. Stuttgart: New York, 1989. [14] Pascal Woodtli, True color pigments, Master Thesis, in Zurich University: 2015 [15] André Devaux, G. C., Peter Belser, Pengpeng Cao, Dominik Brühwiler, Andreas Kunzmann, Efficient and Robust Host−Guest Antenna Composite for Light Harvesting. In Chemistry of Materials: 2014; Vol. 26, p 6878−6885. [16] Month of July, 2015. http://www.wunderground.com/history/station/06673/2015/7/6/MonthlyHistory.html?&reqdb.zip=&reqdb.magic=&reqd b.wmo= [17] Month of August, 2015. http://www.wunderground.com/history/station/06673/2015/8/6/MonthlyHistory.html?req_city=&req_state=&req_staten ame=&reqdb.zip=&reqdb.magic=&reqdb.wmo= [18] Owen, T., Fundamentals of UV-visible Spectroscopy: A Primer. In Hewlett Packard: 1996. [19] Yue, C. L. a. Y., Fluorescence spectroscopy of graphene quantum dots: temperature effect at different excitation. In Nanotechnology: 2014; Vol. 25, p 435703. [20] Sean Murphy, L. H., Prashant V. Kamat, Charge-Transfer Complexation and Excited-State Interactions in Porphyrin-Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Structures. In J. Phys. Chem: 2011; Vol. 46, pp 22761–22769. [21] Cheng J , L. Y., L Roberts R, Walker G, Analysis of 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate in sunscreen products by HPLC and Raman spectroscopy. In 1997; Vol. 10, pp 1807-1813. [22] W.D.Perkins, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy: Part l. Instrumentation. In J. Chem. Education: 1986; Vol. 63, p A5. [23] Introduction to FTIR Sample handling. In Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.: 2013. [24] Marta T. Ignasiak, C. H.-L., Gabriel Kciuk, Bronislaw Marciniak, Tomasz Pedzinski, A Reevaluation of the Photolytic Properties of 2-Hydroxybenzophenone-Based UV Sunscreens: Are Chemical Sunscreens Inoffensive. In Chemphyschem: 2015; Vol. 3, pp 628-33.

APPENDIX A: Meso Sun Phase I: Selection of UV-filters

APPENDIX B: Material Safety Data Sheets

APPENDIX C: Mass Flow Charts

APPENDIX D: Loading Rate Calculation Sheets Attached

40 APPENDIX A: Meso Sun Phase I Selection of UV-filters

Chemical%name%/%INN%/%XAN Name%in%Cosmetics CAS%Number EC%Number Max.%conc.%%in% preparation Size Chemical++/+Stability Availability Ref.%No. Structure 1 44Aminobenzoesäure%Prohibited PABA 15041340 If+Anionic+form,+no+ intercalation,+ev.+pH4 NA Adjustabla 2 N,N,N4Trimethyl444(24oxoborn434 CAMPHOR+ 5279349742 258419048 6% ylidenemethyl)+anilinium+methyl+ BENZALKONIUM+ Cationic,+can+be+ Synthesis+Procedure:+ sulphate METHOSULFATE intercalated+via+ion4 L'Oréal+Patent exchange

3 Benzoic+acid,+24hydroxy4,+3,3,54 HOMOSALATE 11845649 204426048 10% trimethylcyclohexyl+ester+/+ Ester+group+not+stable+ Homosalate NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

4 24Hydroxy444 BENZOPHENONE43 13145747 205403145 10% methoxybenzophenone+/+ Sigma:+techn.+grade+100+ Oxybenzone g+/+92.20+CHF

6 24Phenylbenzimidazole454 PHENYLBENZIMIDAZ 2750348147 248450240 8%(as+acid) sulphonic+acid+and+its+potassium,+ OLE+SULFONIC+ACID Sulfonic+Acid+most+likely+ NA sodium+and+triethanolamine+salts+/+ anionic,+no+intercalation Ensulizole 7 3,3'4(1,44Phenylenedimethylene)+ TEREPHTHALYLIDEN 410496046+/+4 10%(as+acid) bis+(7,74dimethyl424oxobicyclo4 E+DICAMPHOR+ Sulfonic+Acid+most+likely+ NA [2.2.1] SULFONIC+ACID anionic,+no+intercalation hept414ylmethanesulfonic+acid)+ 8 14(44tert4Butylphenyl)434(44and+its+salts+/+Ecamsule BUTYL+METHOXY4 7035640941 274458146 5% methoxyphenyl)+propane41,34 DIBENZOYLMETHAN dione+/+Avobenzone E Sigma:+standard++++++++++1+g+ /+50.40+CHF

9 alpha4(24Oxoborn434 BENZYLIDENE+ 5603945848 4 6%(as+acid) ylidene)toluene444sulphonic+acid+ CAMPHOR+ Sulfonic+Acid+most+likely+ NA and+its+salts SULFONIC+ACID anionic,+no+intercalation

10 24Cyano43,34diphenyl+acrylic+acid,+ OCTOCRYLENE 619743044 228425048 10%(as+acid) 24ethylhexyl+ester+/+Octocrilene Ester+group+not+stable+ NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

11 Polymer+of+N4{(2+and POLYACRYLAMIDOM 11378346142 4 6% 4)4[(24oxoborn434 ETHYL+BENZYLIDENE+ ylidene)methyl]benzyl}acrylamide CAMPHOR NA NA

saeg ZHAW APPENDIX A: Meso Sun Phase I Selection of UV-filters

12 24Ethylhexyl+44methoxycinnamate+ ETHYLHEXYL+ 546647743 226477547 10% /+Octinoxate METHOXYCINNAMA Ester+group+not+stable+ TE NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

13 Ethoxylated+Ethyl444 PEG425+PABA 11624242744 4 10% Aminobenzoate NA NA

14 Isopentyl444methoxycinnamate+/+ ISOAMYL+P4 7161741042 275470245 10% Amiloxate METHOXYCINNAMA TE Ester+group+not+stable+ NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

15 2,4,64Trianilino4(p4carbo42'4 ETHYLHEXYL+ 8812249940 402407041 5% ethylhexyl41'4oxy)41,3,54tria+zine TRIAZONE Ester+group+not+stable+ NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

16 Phenol, DROMETRIZOLE+ 15563345448 4 15% 24(2H4Benzotriazol424yl)444Methyl4 TRISILOXANE 64(24Methyl434(1,3,3 Sigma:+Standard++++++50+ ,34Tetramethyl414 mg+/+212+CHF (Trimethylsilyl)Oxy)4 Disiloxanyl)Prop+yl 17 Benzoic+acid, DIETHYLHEXYL+ 15470241545 4 10% 4,44{[64[[[(1,14 BUTAMIDO+ dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phe TRIAZONE Most+likely+cation4 NA nyl]am+ino]41,3454triazine42,44 exchangeable+? diyl]diimino}bis4, bis(24ethylhexyl)ester+/+Iscotrizinol

18 34(4'4Methylbenzylidene)4dl4 44 3686144749+/+ 253424246+/ 4% camphor+/+Enzacamene METHYLBENZYLIDEN 3810246244 E+CAMPHOR Sigma:+techn.+grade+250+ g+/+133.00+CHF

19 34Benzylidene+camphor 34BENZYLIDENE+ 1508742448 239413949 2% CAMPHOR ChemosGroup+(DE)+no+ answer+to+request

20 24Ethylhexyl+salicylate+/+Octisalate) ETHYLHEXYL+ 11846045 204426344 5% SALICYLATE Ester+group+not+stable+ NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

saeg ZHAW APPENDIX A: Meso Sun Phase I Selection of UV-filters

21 24Ethylhexyl+44 ETHYLHEXYL+ 2124540243 244428943 8% (dimethylamino)benzoate+/+ DIMETHYL+PABA Ester+group+not+stable+ Padimate+O+(USAN:BAN) NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

22 24Hydroxy444 BENZOPHENONE44;+ 406544546+/ 223477242+/+4 5%(as+acid) methoxybenzophenone454sulfonic+ BENZOPHENONE45 662843741 acid+(Benzophenone45)+and+its+ Sulfonic+Acid+most+likely+ NA sodium+salt+/+Sulisobenzone anionic,+no+intercalation

23 2,2'4Methylenebis(64(2H4 METHYLENE+BIS4 10359744541 403480041 10% benzotriazol424yl)444(1,1,3,34tet+ BENZOTRIAZOLYL+ ramethylbutyl)phenol)+/+ TETRAMETHYLBUTYL Bisoctrizole PHENOL;++Tinosorb+ M NA

24 Sodium+salt+of DISODIUM+PHENYL+ 18089843747 429475040 10%(as+acid) 2,2'4bis(1,44phenylene)41H4 DIBENZIMIDAZOLE+ benzimidazole44,64disulfonic+acid+/+ TETRASULFONATE Bisdisulizole+disodium+(USAN) Sulfonic+Acid+most+likely+ NA anionic,+no+intercalation

25 2,2'4(64(44Methoxyphenyl)41,3,54 BIS4 18739340046 10% triazine42,44diyl)bis(54(+(24 ETHYLHEXYLOXYPHE ethylhexyl)oxy)phenol)+/+ NOL+ Bemotrizinol METHOXYPHENYL+ NA TRIAZINE+Tinosorb+S

26 Dimethicodiethylbenzalmalonate POLYSILICONE415 20757447441 426400044 10%

Ester+group+not+stable+ NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

27 Titanium+dioxide+(2) TITANIUM+DIOXIDE 1346346747+/ 236467545 25% TiO2 NA NA NA

28 Benzoic+acid,+24[44(diethylamino)424DIETHYLAMINO+ 30277646847 443486046 10% hydroxybenzoyl]4,+hexylester HYDROXYBENZOYL+ Ester+group+not+stable+ HEXYL+BENZOATE NA to+hydrolysis+in+Zeolite+

saeg ZHAW

SIGMA-ALDRICH sigma-aldrich.com SAFETY DATA SHEET according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 Version 5.0 Revision Date 04.08.2011 Print Date 06.10.2015 GENERIC EU MSDS - NO COUNTRY SPECIFIC DATA - NO OEL DATA 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING 1.1 Product identifiers Product name : Oxybenzone

Product Number : 59647 Brand : Sigma-Aldrich CAS-No. : 131-57-7 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company : Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co.,Ltd 41F K. Wah Centrre 1010 Huai Hai Zhong Road 200031 SHANGHAI CHINA

Telephone : +86 21-61415566 Fax : +86 21-61415567 E-mail address : [email protected] 1.4 Emergency telephone number Emergency Phone # : +8621-61415560

2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [EU-GHS/CLP] Skin irritation (Category 2) Eye irritation (Category 2) Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3) Classification according to EU Directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 2.2 Label elements Labelling according Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [CLP] Pictogram

Signal word Warning

Hazard statement(s) H315 Causes skin irritation. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

Precautionary statement(s) P261 Avoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapours/ spray. P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

Sigma-Aldrich - 59647 Page 1 of 6

Supplemental Hazard none Statements

According to European Directive 67/548/EEC as amended. Hazard symbol(s)

R-phrase(s) R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

S-phrase(s) S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 Wear suitable protective clothing. 2.3 Other hazards - none

3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS 3.1 Substances Formula : C14H12O3 Molecular Weight : 228,25 g/mol

Component Concentration Oxybenzone CAS-No. 131-57-7 - EC-No. 205-031-5

4. FIRST AID MEASURES 4.1 Description of first aid measures General advice Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance. If inhaled If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. In case of skin contact Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician. 4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Depending on the intensity and duration of exposure, effects may vary from mild irritation to severe destruction of tissue., prolonged or repeated exposure can cause:, Damage to the eyes. 4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed no data available

5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES 5.1 Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Sigma-Aldrich - 59647 Page 2 of 6

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Carbon oxides 5.3 Advice for firefighters Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. 5.4 Further information no data available

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES 6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. 6.2 Environmental precautions Do not let product enter drains. 6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. 6.4 Reference to other sections For disposal see section 13.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE 7.1 Precautions for safe handling Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. 7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C 7.3 Specific end uses no data available

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION 8.1 Control parameters Components with workplace control parameters 8.2 Exposure controls Appropriate engineering controls Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday. Personal protective equipment Eye/face protection Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Skin protection Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.

Respiratory protection For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator.For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties a) Appearance Form: crystalline Colour: light yellow b) Odour no data available c) Odour Threshold no data available d) pH no data available e) Melting point/freezing Melting point/range: 63 - 65 °C point f) Initial boiling point and 150 - 160 °C at 7 hPa boiling range g) Flash point 100 °C - closed cup h) Evaporation rate no data available i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available j) Upper/lower no data available flammability or explosive limits k) Vapour pressure no data available l) Vapour density no data available m) Relative density no data available n) Water solubility no data available o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available octanol/water p) Autoignition no data available temperature q) Decomposition no data available temperature r) Viscosity no data available s) Explosive properties no data available t) Oxidizing properties no data available 9.2 Other safety information no data available

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY 10.1 Reactivity no data available 10.2 Chemical stability no data available 10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions no data available

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10.4 Conditions to avoid no data available 10.5 Incompatible materials Bases, Acid chlorides, Acid anhydrides, Oxidizing agents 10.6 Hazardous decomposition products Other decomposition products - no data available

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION 11.1 Information on toxicological effects Acute toxicity LD50 Oral - rat - 7.400 mg/kg Skin corrosion/irritation no data available Serious eye damage/eye irritation no data available Respiratory or skin sensitization no data available Germ cell mutagenicity no data available Carcinogenicity IARC: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC. Reproductive toxicity no data available Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Inhalation - May cause respiratory irritation. Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure no data available Aspiration hazard no data available Potential health effects Inhalation May be harmful if inhaled. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion May be harmful if swallowed. Skin May be harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes skin irritation. Eyes Causes serious eye irritation. Signs and Symptoms of Exposure Depending on the intensity and duration of exposure, effects may vary from mild irritation to severe destruction of tissue., prolonged or repeated exposure can cause:, Damage to the eyes. Additional Information RTECS: DJ1575000

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 12.1 Toxicity no data available 12.2 Persistence and degradability no data available 12.3 Bioaccumulative potential no data available

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12.4 Mobility in soil no data available 12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment no data available 12.6 Other adverse effects no data available

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS 13.1 Waste treatment methods Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product.

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION 14.1 UN number ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: - 14.2 UN proper shipping name ADR/RID: Not dangerous goods IMDG: Not dangerous goods IATA: Not dangerous goods 14.3 Transport hazard class(es) ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: - 14.4 Packaging group ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: - 14.5 Environmental hazards ADR/RID: no IMDG Marine pollutant: no IATA: no 14.6 Special precautions for user no data available

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION This safety datasheet complies with the requirements of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006. 15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture no data available 15.2 Chemical Safety Assessment no data available

16. OTHER INFORMATION Further information Copyright 2011 Sigma-Aldrich Co. License granted to make unlimited paper copies for internal use only. The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. Sigma-Aldrich Co., shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale.

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SIGMA-ALDRICH sigma-aldrich.com SAFETY DATA SHEET according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 Version 5.1 Revision Date 13.12.2011 Print Date 06.10.2015 GENERIC EU MSDS - NO COUNTRY SPECIFIC DATA - NO OEL DATA 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING 1.1 Product identifiers Product name : 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)camphor

Product Number : 66158 Brand : Sigma-Aldrich CAS-No. : 36861-47-9 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company : Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co.,Ltd 41F K. Wah Centrre 1010 Huai Hai Zhong Road 200031 SHANGHAI CHINA

Telephone : +86 21-61415566 Fax : +86 21-61415567 E-mail address : [email protected] 1.4 Emergency telephone number Emergency Phone # : +8621-61415560

2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [EU-GHS/CLP] Reproductive toxicity (Category 2) Classification according to EU Directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. 2.2 Label elements Labelling according Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [CLP] Pictogram

Signal word Warning

Hazard statement(s) H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.

Precautionary statement(s) P281 Use personal protective equipment as required.

Supplemental Hazard none Statements

According to European Directive 67/548/EEC as amended. Hazard symbol(s)

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R-phrase(s) R63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.

S-phrase(s) S36/37 Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. 2.3 Other hazards - none

3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS 3.1 Substances Formula : C18H22O Molecular Weight : 254,37 g/mol

Component Concentration 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)camphor CAS-No. 36861-47-9 - EC-No. 253-242-6

4. FIRST AID MEASURES 4.1 Description of first aid measures General advice Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance. If inhaled If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. In case of skin contact Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact Flush eyes with water as a precaution. If swallowed Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician. 4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated. 4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed no data available

5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES 5.1 Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. 5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Carbon oxides 5.3 Advice for firefighters Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. 5.4 Further information no data available

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6.2 Environmental precautions Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. 6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. 6.4 Reference to other sections For disposal see section 13.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE 7.1 Precautions for safe handling Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.Normal measures for preventive fire protection. 7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Store in cool place. 7.3 Specific end uses no data available

The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.

Body Protection impervious clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Respiratory protection Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties a) Appearance Form: crystalline Colour: white b) Odour no data available Sigma-Aldrich - 66158 Page 3 of 6

c) Odour Threshold no data available d) pH no data available e) Melting point/freezing no data available point f) Initial boiling point and no data available boiling range g) Flash point no data available h) Evaporation rate no data available i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available j) Upper/lower no data available flammability or explosive limits k) Vapour pressure no data available l) Vapour density no data available m) Relative density no data available n) Water solubility no data available o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available octanol/water p) Autoignition no data available temperature q) Decomposition no data available temperature r) Viscosity no data available s) Explosive properties no data available t) Oxidizing properties no data available 9.2 Other safety information no data available

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY 10.1 Reactivity no data available 10.2 Chemical stability no data available 10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions no data available 10.4 Conditions to avoid no data available 10.5 Incompatible materials Strong oxidizing agents 10.6 Hazardous decomposition products Other decomposition products - no data available

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION 11.1 Information on toxicological effects Acute toxicity no data available

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Skin corrosion/irritation no data available Serious eye damage/eye irritation no data available Respiratory or skin sensitization no data available Germ cell mutagenicity Carcinogenicity IARC: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC. Reproductive toxicity Damage to fetus cannot be excluded. Suspected human reproductive toxicant Reproductive toxicity - rat - Oral Effects on Fertility: Litter size (e.g.; # fetuses per litter; measured before birth). Developmental Toxicity - rat - Oral Specific Developmental Abnormalities: Endocrine system. Specific Developmental Abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system. Developmental Toxicity - rat - Oral Specific Developmental Abnormalities: Central nervous system. Specific Developmental Abnormalities: Urogenital system. Effects on Newborn: Delayed effects. Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure no data available Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure no data available Aspiration hazard no data available Potential health effects Inhalation May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion May be harmful if swallowed. Skin May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. Eyes May cause eye irritation. Signs and Symptoms of Exposure To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated. Additional Information RTECS: DT5099565

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 12.1 Toxicity no data available 12.2 Persistence and degradability no data available 12.3 Bioaccumulative potential no data available 12.4 Mobility in soil no data available 12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment no data available

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12.6 Other adverse effects no data available

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS 13.1 Waste treatment methods Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product.

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Appendix(C:(Mass(flow(interculation(of(UV(Filter(18(into(Zeolite(L( No.( Amoun Input( Reaction(and(Apparatus( ( ( t( 1% 224(mg( UV%Filter% % % % % % Round( 100(mL( 18% Bottom(Flask( Dissolve% CH2Cl2%

% % % 132.774%g%%%%%%%%% % % % % mixture% 2% 10(g% % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % Round(Bottom( Zeolite%L% % % Flask( % Disperse(Zeolite(L( % % % in(UV(FilterI 3% ( % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % Rotary( % Evaporator(( 132.55g%CH2Cl2% 142.774%g% (40°C,(600( mixture% mbar)% % % 4% ( % % % %10.224g% % % % Hot(plate(/Oil(Bath( Heating( 80°C,(520rpm,(0(h( % 5% % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % %% Centrifuge(Tube( 5%ml% Ethanol%% %%%% % Washing(I( %%%%%%%%%%%5%ml% %

6% % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % Centrifuge(Tube( 5%ml% Ethanol%% %%%% % % Washing(II( %%%%%%%%%%%5%ml% %

% 7% % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % 5%ml% Ethanol%% %%%% Centrifuge(Tube( %%%%%%%%%%%5%ml% % Washing(III( %

ZHAW% % % %% saeg,%June%2011% Appendix(C:(Mass(flow(interculation(of(UV(Filter(18(into(Zeolite(L(

% % % % % % % % % % %%%%%%Four%more%sample%for%0.1g%each% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

8% % % % % % % % Hot(plate(/Oil(Bath( Heating( 80°C,(520rpm,(5(h( %

% 9% % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % % % Centrifuge(Tube( 5%ml% Ethanol%% %%%% Washing(I( %%%%%%%%%%5%ml% % %

% 10% % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % 5%ml% Ethanol%% %%%% Centrifuge(Tube( %%%%%%%%%%%%%5%ml% % Washing(II( %

% 11% % % % % % ((((((((((((((((((((((0.1%g%( % 5%ml( Ethanol%( %%%( ( Centrifuge(Tube( %%%%%%%%%%5%ml% ( Washing(III( % Washing%Solution% 12% ( ( ( ( % % ( ((((((((((((((((0.1%g%( %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% Washed%% Meso%Sun%Product%

13% ( ( ( ( % % ( % 10.024%g% Raw%Meso%Sun% Product% %

% %%Liquids%%%% % % Solids%

ZHAW% % % %% saeg,%June%2011% Appendix(C:(Mass(flow(interculation(of(UV(Filter(18(into(Zeolite(L( No.( Amoun Input( Reaction(and(Apparatus( ( ( t( 1% 22.4mg( UV%Filter% % % % % % Round( 10(mL( 18% Bottom(Flask( Dissolve% CH2Cl2%

% % % 13.2774%g%%%%%%%%% % % % % mixture% 2% 1(g% % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % Round(Bottom( Zeolite%L% % % Flask( % Disperse(Zeolite(L( % % % in(UV(FilterI 3% ( % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % Rotary( % Evaporator(( 13.255g%CH2Cl2% 14.2774%g% (40°C,(600( mixture% mbar)% % % 4% ( % % % %1.0224g% % % % Hot(plate(/Oil(Bath( Heating( 80°C,(520rpm,(0(h( % 5% % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % %% Centrifuge(Tube( 5%ml% Ethanol%% %%%% % Washing(I( %%%%%%%%%%%5%ml% % Washing%Solution% 6% % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % Centrifuge(Tube( 5%ml% Ethanol%% %%%% % % Washing(II( %%%%%%%%%%%5%ml% % Washing%Solution%

% 7% % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % 5%ml% Ethanol%% %%%% Centrifuge(Tube( %%%%%%%%%%%5%ml% % Washing(III( % Washing%Solution%

ZHAW% % % %% saeg,%June%2011% Appendix(C:(Mass(flow(interculation(of(UV(Filter(18(into(Zeolite(L(

% % 8% % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%0.1%g%% % Washed%% %%%%%%% Meso%Sun%Product% % 9% % % % % % % % % 9.924%g% Raw%Meso%Sun% Product% % ( ( ( % ( % % ( Four%more%sample%% For%the%whole%process% % above% % % %

% %%Liquids%%%% % % Solids%

% %%Liquids%%%% % % Solids% %

ZHAW% % % %% saeg,%June%2011% Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc5(mol/L) Dilution5times Actual5Conc5(mol/L) Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate% Efficiency

324 3A51 0.5h 1.03894 0.00011 0.1 0.00106 0.01 0.0000106 0.00241 60.11313 0.2016 0.01220 0.0080970 0.0000355 10.04971 324 3A52 0.5h 0.49454 0.00004 0.2 0.00021 0.01 0.0000021 0.00047 11.67446 0.2016 0.00237 324 3A53 0.5h 0.31561 0.00002 1 0.00002 0.01 0.0000002 0.00005 1.22417 0.2016 0.00025 3A 0.00293 73.01176 0.2016 0.01482 0.000017561 0.02030 228.25000 0.00009 1.00070 2834.93000 0.0003530 0.0054786 0.0000240 6.7998326 0.25196 26.98824

324 3B51 1h 1.22153 0.00013 0.1 0.00127 0.01 0.0000127 0.00290 72.90031 0.2002 0.01480 0.0055012 0.0000241 6.82723 324 3B52 1h 0.39582 0.00003 0.2 0.00015 0.01 0.0000015 0.00035 8.67154 0.2002 0.00176 324 3B53 1h 0.24244 0.00001 1 0.00001 0.01 0.0000001 0.00003 0.77545 0.2002 0.00016 3B 0.00328 82.34730 0.2002 0.01672 0.000017437 0.02030 228.25000 0.00009 1.00080 2834.93000 0.0003530 0.0035835 0.0000157 4.4472478 0.25193 17.65270

324 3C51 2h 1.24038 0.00013 0.1 0.00129 0.01 0.0000129 0.00295 73.23356 0.2008 0.01501 0.0054871 0.0000240 6.81107 324 3C52 2h 0.42505 0.00003 0.2 0.00017 0.01 0.0000017 0.00038 9.46335 0.2008 0.00194 324 3C53 2h 0.25217 0.00001 1 0.00001 0.01 0.0000001 0.00003 0.82560 0.2008 0.00017 3C 0.00337 83.52251 0.2008 0.01712 0.000017662 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00060 2834.93000 0.0003530 0.0033779 0.0000148 4.1929135 0.25446 16.47749

324 3D51 3.5h 0.87124 0.00008 0.1 0.00082 0.01 0.0000082 0.00187 46.49735 0.2007 0.00953 0.0109680 0.0000481 13.61173 324 3D52 3.5h 1.13318 0.00012 0.2 0.00058 0.01 0.0000058 0.00133 33.05727 0.2007 0.00678 324 3D53 3.5h 1.21631 0.00013 1 0.00013 0.01 0.0000013 0.00029 7.16748 0.2007 0.00147 3D 0.00349 86.72210 0.2007 0.01778 0.000017650 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00080 2834.93000 0.0003530 0.0027220 0.0000119 3.37806 0.25441 13.27790

324 3E51 5h 0.89699 0.00008 0.1 0.00085 0.01 0.0000085 0.00194 47.70797 0.2005 0.00988 0.0108244 0.0000474 13.42548 324 3E52 5h 1.08670 0.00011 0.2 0.00056 0.01 0.0000056 0.00127 31.25391 0.2005 0.00647 324 3E53 5h 0.61471 0.00005 1 0.00005 0.01 0.0000005 0.00012 3.04116 0.2005 0.00063 3E 0.00333 82.00304 0.2005 0.01697 0.000017790 0.02070 228.25000 0.00009 1.00140 2834.93000 0.0003532 0.0037254 0.0000163 4.62055 0.25674 17.99696

Abs5<51 y=5 9173.5 x5+ 0.1184 Abs5>51 y= 8471 x5+ 0.1447 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate% Efficiency

324 4A51 0.5h 0.94797 0.00009 0.1 0.00090 0.01 0.0000090 0.0020641 52.12604 0.2000 0.01058 0.0097184 0.0000426 12.01049 324 4A52 0.5h 0.94021 0.00009 0.2 0.00045 0.01 0.0000045 0.0010224 25.81906 0.2000 0.00524 324 4A53 0.5h 1.25451 0.00013 1 0.00013 0.01 0.0000013 0.0002990 7.55178 0.2000 0.00153 4A 0.0033855 85.49688 0.2000 0.01736 0.000017349 0.02030 228.25000 0.00009 1.00500 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0029441 0.0000129 3.6385044 25.08774 14.50312

324 4B51 1h 1.43406 0.00015 0.1 0.00152 0.01 0.0000152 0.0034742 85.26473 0.2002 0.01782 0.0030797 0.0000135 3.80223 324 4B52 1h 0.28958 0.00002 0.2 0.00009 0.01 0.0000009 0.0002130 5.22645 0.2002 0.00109 324 4B53 1h 0.39390 0.00003 1 0.00003 0.01 0.0000003 0.0000685 1.68234 0.2002 0.00035 4B5 0.0037557 92.17352 0.2002 0.01926 0.000017851 0.02090 228.25000 0.00009 1.00600 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0016357 0.0000072 2.0195121 25.80357 7.82648

324 4C51 2h 1.18961 0.00012 0.1 0.00123 0.01 0.0000123 0.0028155 71.24038 0.2000 0.01446 0.0058382 0.0000256 7.20081 324 4C52 2h 0.59956 0.00005 0.2 0.00026 0.01 0.0000026 0.0005986 15.14633 0.2000 0.00307 324 4C53 2h 0.48598 0.00004 1 0.00004 0.01 0.0000004 0.0000915 2.31416 0.2000 0.00047 4C 0.0035056 88.70087 0.2000 0.01801 0.000017315 0.02030 228.25000 0.00009 1.00700 2834.93000 0.00036 0.0022937 0.0000100 2.8290663 25.03791 11.29913

324 4D51 3.5h 0.94256 0.00009 0.1 0.00090 0.01 0.0000090 0.0020506 50.75300 0.2004 0.01051 0.0101941 0.0000447 12.58588 324 4D52 3.5h 0.68892 0.00006 0.2 0.00031 0.01 0.0000031 0.0007098 17.56675 0.2004 0.00364 324 4D53 3.5h 1.52715 0.00016 1 0.00016 0.01 0.0000016 0.0003725 9.21934 0.2004 0.00191 4D 0.0031329 77.53908 0.2004 0.01605 0.000017702 0.02070 228.25000 0.00009 1.00600 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0046494 0.0000204 5.74026 25.55665 22.46092

324 4E51 5h 0.51120 0.00004 0.1 0.00043 0.01 0.0000043 0.0009773 24.98186 0.2001 0.00507 0.0152287 0.0000667 18.58002 324 4E52 5h 1.05004 0.00011 0.2 0.00053 0.01 0.0000053 0.0012197 31.17730 0.2001 0.00633 324 4E53 5h 1.90528 0.00021 1 0.00021 0.01 0.0000021 0.0004744 12.12582 0.2001 0.00246 4E 0.0026714 68.28498 0.2001 0.01386 0.000017140 0.02030 228.25000 0.00009 1.01800 2834.93000 0.00036 0.0064381 0.0000282 7.85498 24.76737 31.71502

324 5A51 0,5h 1.05431 0.00011 0.1 0.00107 0.005 0.0000054 0.00123 61.02224 0.1000 0.01251 0.0079904 0.0000350 9.92138 324 5A52 0,5h 0.84165 0.00008 0.2 0.00039 0.005 0.0000020 0.00045 22.40209 0.1000 0.00459 324 5A53 0,5h 1.66615 0.00018 1 0.00018 0.005 0.0000009 0.00020 10.20682 0.1000 0.00209 5A 0.00188 93.63115 0.1000 0.01919 0.000008798 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00030 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0013056 0.0000057 1.6211229 25.45395 6.36885

324 5B51 1h 1.08362 0.00011 0.1 0.00111 0.005 0.0000055 0.00126 63.01342 0.1000 0.01292 0.0075822 0.0000332 9.41455 324 5B52 1h 0.65588 0.00006 0.2 0.00029 0.005 0.0000015 0.00033 16.65475 0.1000 0.00341 324 5B53 1h 0.48720 0.00004 1 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.28557 0.1000 0.00047 5B5 0.00165 81.95374 0.1000 0.01680 0.000008795 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00070 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0036995 0.0000162 4.5934850 25.45395 18.04626

324 5C51 2h 1.15827 0.00012 0.1 0.00120 0.005 0.0000060 0.00137 68.02316 0.1000 0.01394 0.0065553 0.0000287 8.13611 324 5C52 2h 1.01219 0.00010 0.2 0.00051 0.005 0.0000026 0.00058 29.10952 0.1000 0.00597 324 5C53 2h 1.15739 0.00012 1 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00014 6.79642 0.1000 0.00139 5C 0.00209 103.92910 0.1000 0.02131 0.000008795 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00070 2834.93000 0.00035 V0.0008055 V0.0000035 V0.9997119 25.44377 V3.92910

324 5D51 3.5h 0.99261 0.00010 0.1 0.00095 0.005 0.0000048 0.00109 54.14542 0.1000 0.01110 0.0094002 0.0000412 11.67414 324 5D52 3.5h 0.78027 0.00007 0.2 0.00036 0.005 0.0000018 0.00041 20.49708 0.1000 0.00420 324 5D53 3.5h 0.90937 0.00009 1 0.00009 0.005 0.0000004 0.00010 4.89897 0.1000 0.00100 5D 0.00160 79.54147 0.1000 0.01631 0.000008800 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00010 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0041940 0.0000184 5.20854 25.45904 20.45853

324 5E51 5h 0.95371 0.00009 0.1 0.00091 0.005 0.0000046 0.00104 51.24626 0.1000 0.01061 0.0100920 0.0000442 12.53333 324 5E52 5h 0.66372 0.00006 0.2 0.00030 0.005 0.0000015 0.00034 16.72759 0.1000 0.00346 324 5E53 5h 0.65012 0.00006 1 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.26211 0.1000 0.00068 5E 0.00144 71.23596 0.1000 0.01475 0.000008884 0.02070 228.25000 0.00009 1.00010 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0059542 0.0000261 7.39449 25.70742 28.76404

324 0h 0h 1.291212 0.00014 0.1 0.00135 0.005 0.0000068 0.00154 76.94522 0.1000 0.01577 0.0047262 0.0000207 5.86601 324 0h 0h 0.473265 0.00004 0.2 0.00019 0.005 0.0000010 0.00022 10.99603 0.1000 0.00225 324 0h 0h 0.386013 0.00003 1 0.00003 0.005 0.0000001 0.00003 1.65848 0.1000 0.00034 0.00180 89.59973 0.1000 0.01837 0.000008795 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00070 2834.93000 0.0003530 0.0021321 0.0000093 2.64622 25.44377 10.40027

Abs5<51 y=5 9173.5 x5+ 0.1184 Abs5>51 y= 8471 x5+ 0.1447 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc(5mol/L) Dilution5times Actual5Conc(5mol/L) Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate5% Efficiency 326 60 0h 1.153245 0.00009 0.01 0.00922 0.01 0.0000922 0.0210392 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00050 2834.93000 0.00035 S0.00054 0.00000 S0.66938 25.44886 S2.630284884 326 6A 105mins 0.943842 0.00008 0.01 0.00751 0.01 0.0000751 0.0171502 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00020 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00335 0.00001 4.15975 25.45649 16.34061541 326 6B 205mins 0.729817 0.00006 0.01 0.00577 0.01 0.0000577 0.0131753 0.02010 228.25000 0.00009 1.00050 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00692 0.00003 8.59638 24.95230 34.45124651 326 6C 305mins 0.764974 0.00006 0.01 0.00606 0.01 0.0000606 0.0138282 0.02040 228.25000 0.00009 1.00010 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00657 0.00003 8.16150 25.33485 32.21453138 326 6D 15h 0.655096 0.00005 0.01 0.00516 0.01 0.0000516 0.0117876 0.02050 228.25000 0.00009 1.00000 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00871 0.00004 10.82107 25.46158 42.49960825 326 6E 1.55h 0.892681 0.00007 0.01 0.00710 0.01 0.0000710 0.0162000 0.02110 228.25000 0.00009 1.00030 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00490 0.00002 6.08410 26.19894 23.2226955

y=5 12290 x5+ 0.0204 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate% Efficiency

300 9A51 0.5h 0.32738 0.00002 0.05 0.00030 0.005 0.0000015 0.0003857 17.73742 0.10020 0.00394 0.0182623 0.0000718 20.34248 300 9A52 0.5h 1.09089 0.00005 0.1 0.00048 0.005 0.0000024 0.0006161 28.33349 0.10020 0.00629 300 9A53 0.5h 1.87362 0.00008 0.4 0.00021 0.005 0.0000010 0.0002625 12.07206 0.10020 0.00268 9A 0.0000050 0.0012643 58.14296 0.10020 0.01291 0.000008551 0.02220 254.30 0.00009 1.00080 2834.93 0.00035 0.0092923 0.0000365 10.3507107 24.72872 41.85704

300 9B51 1h 0.84597 0.00004 0.05 0.00076 0.005 0.0000038 0.0009607 44.26910 0.09950 0.00987 0.0124280 0.0000489 13.85192 300 9B52 1h 1.02425 0.00005 0.1 0.00046 0.005 0.0000023 0.0005792 26.68865 0.09950 0.00595 300 9B53 1h 1.10699 0.00005 0.4 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.0001563 7.20057 0.09950 0.00161 9B 0.0000067 0.0016961 78.15832 0.09950 0.01743 0.000008533 0.02230 254.30 0.00009 1.00020 2834.93 0.00035 0.0048707 0.0000192 5.4287516 24.85501 21.84168

300 9C51 2h 1.52897 0.00007 0.05 0.00135 0.005 0.0000068 0.0017179 78.54804 0.10030 0.01752 0.0047838 0.0000188 5.33082 300 9C52 2h 0.71678 0.00003 0.1 0.00032 0.005 0.0000016 0.0004087 18.68755 0.10030 0.00417 300 9C53 2h 1.25121 0.00006 0.4 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.0001762 8.05845 0.10030 0.00180 9C 0.0000091 0.0023028 105.29404 0.10030 0.02348 0.000008600 0.02230 254.30 0.00009 1.00040 2834.93 0.00035 U0.0011806 U0.0000046 U1.3155709 24.85004 U5.29404

300 9D51 3.5h 0.60028 0.00003 0.05 0.00054 0.005 0.0000027 0.0006882 31.52288 0.10010 0.00703 0.0152704 0.0000600 17.02170 300 9D52 3.5h 1.18632 0.00005 0.1 0.00053 0.005 0.0000026 0.0006690 30.64098 0.10010 0.00683 300 9D53 3.5h 1.50717 0.00007 0.4 0.00017 0.005 0.0000008 0.0002117 9.69683 0.10010 0.00216 9D 0.0000062 0.0015690 71.86069 0.10010 0.01602 0.000008586 0.02230 254.30 0.00009 1.00010 2834.93 0.00035 0.0062751 0.0000247 6.99473 24.85750 28.13931

300 9E51 5h 0.27916 0.00001 0.05 0.00026 0.005 0.0000013 0.0003322 15.23325 0.10000 0.00340 0.0189030 0.0000743 21.06879 300 9E52 5h 1.19923 0.00005 0.1 0.00053 0.005 0.0000027 0.0006762 31.00295 0.10000 0.00691 300 9E53 5h 0.96282 0.00004 0.4 0.00011 0.005 0.0000005 0.0001363 6.24848 0.10000 0.00139 9E 0.0000045 0.0011447 52.48468 0.10000 0.01170 0.000008576 0.02230 254.30 0.00009 1.00020 2834.93 0.00035 0.0105959 0.0000417 11.80994 24.85501 47.51532

Abs5>51 y= 22937 x5+ U0.0205 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc5(mol/L) Dilution5times Actual5Conc5(mol/L) Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate%Efficiency

300 10A51 0.5h 0.83963 0.00004 0.05 0.00075 0.005 0.0000037 0.00095 42.85136 0.10030 0.00973 0.0128727 0.0000506 14.34333 300 10A52 0.5h 0.88690 0.00004 0.1 0.00040 0.005 0.0000020 0.00050 22.60312 0.10030 0.00513 300 10A53 0.5h 1.87105 0.00008 0.4 0.00021 0.005 0.0000010 0.00026 11.77955 0.10030 0.00267 10A 0.00172 77.23404 0.10030 0.01753 0.000008751 0.0226 254.30 0.00009 1.00050 2834.93000 0.0003529 0.0050679 0.0000199 5.6468294 25.29326 22.32543

300 10B51 1h 0.94966 0.00004 0.05 0.00085 0.005 0.0000042 0.00108 49.06378 0.10050 0.01094 0.0112588 0.0000443 12.55000 300 10B52 1h 0.49913 0.00002 0.1 0.00023 0.005 0.0000011 0.00029 13.13953 0.10050 0.00293 300 10B53 1h 0.58526 0.00003 0.4 0.00007 0.005 0.0000003 0.00008 3.82935 0.10050 0.00085 10B5 0.00145 66.03265 0.10050 0.01473 0.000008621 0.0222 254.30 0.00009 1.00010 2834.93000 0.0003528 0.0074747 0.0000294 8.3319637 24.85750 33.51891

300 10C51 2h 1.22540 0.00005 0.05 0.00109 0.005 0.0000054 0.00138 62.97780 0.10010 0.01411 0.0082930 0.0000326 9.24591 300 10C52 2h 0.33330 0.00002 0.1 0.00015 0.005 0.0000008 0.00020 8.94203 0.10010 0.00200 300 10C53 2h 0.23856 0.00001 0.4 0.00003 0.005 0.0000001 0.00004 1.63688 0.10010 0.00037 10C 0.00161 73.55671 0.10010 0.01648 0.000008625 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 0.99990 2834.93000 0.0003527 0.0059233 0.0000233 6.6039376 24.97396 26.44329

300 10D51 3.5h 0.95492 0.00004 0.05 0.00085 0.005 0.0000043 0.00108 49.50566 0.10020 0.01104 0.0112602 0.0000443 12.54561 300 10D52 3.5h 0.54395 0.00002 0.1 0.00025 0.005 0.0000012 0.00031 14.32364 0.10020 0.00319 300 10D53 3.5h 0.62498 0.00003 0.4 0.00007 0.005 0.0000004 0.00009 4.09498 0.10020 0.00091 10D 0.00148 67.92428 0.10020 0.01515 0.000008590 0.0223 254.30 0.00009 1.00058 2834.93000 0.0003529 0.0071529 0.0000281 7.96940 24.84557 32.07572

300 10E51 5h 0.35238 0.00002 0.05 0.00033 0.005 0.0000016 0.00041 18.64543 0.09990 0.00423 0.0184675 0.0000726 20.58545 300 10E52 5h 0.68010 0.00003 0.1 0.00031 0.005 0.0000015 0.00039 17.51645 0.09990 0.00398 300 10E53 5h 1.97489 0.00009 0.4 0.00022 0.005 0.0000011 0.00028 12.47229 0.09990 0.00283 10E 0.00108 48.63417 0.09990 0.01104 0.000008719 0.0227 254.30 0.00009 1.00010 2834.93000 0.0003528 0.0116600 0.0000459 12.99729 25.30337 51.36583

Abs5>51 y= 22937 x5+ X0.0205 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate5%Efficiency

300 0h5A1 0h 0.653175 0.00003 0.05 0.00059 0.005 0.0000029 0.00075 33.49820 0.1001 0.00764 0.0151624 0.0000596 16.88950 300 0h5A2 0h 0.898480 0.00004 0.1 0.00040 0.005 0.0000020 0.00051 22.84795 0.1001 0.00521 300 0h5A3 0h 0.703542 0.00003 0.3 0.00011 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 6.00045 0.1001 0.00137 0.00139 62.34660 0.1001 0.01422 0.000008768 0.0228 254.30 0.00009 1.0008 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0085850 0.0000338 9.5628591 25.39706 37.65340

300 11A51 0.5h 0.680187 0.00003 0.05 0.00061 0.005 0.0000031 0.00078 35.02642 0.1000 0.00795 0.0147490 0.0000580 16.42901 300 11A52 0.5h 0.897232 0.00004 0.1 0.00040 0.005 0.0000020 0.00051 22.93811 0.1000 0.00521 300 11A53 0.5h 1.840206 0.00008 0.3 0.00027 0.005 0.0000014 0.00034 15.50238 0.1000 0.00352 11A 0.00163 73.46691 0.1000 0.01668 0.000008722 0.0227 254.30 0.00009 1.0008 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0060230 0.0000237 6.7090713 25.28567 26.53309

300 11B51 1h 0.641476 0.00003 0.05 0.00058 0.005 0.0000029 0.00073 33.41133 0.1003 0.00748 0.0149159 0.0000587 16.61487 300 11B52 1h 1.305276 0.00006 0.1 0.00058 0.005 0.0000029 0.00073 33.45736 0.1003 0.00749 300 11B53 1h 0.832214 0.00004 0.3 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00016 7.17305 0.1003 0.00161 11B5 0.00163 74.04174 0.1003 0.01659 0.000008638 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0004 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0058147 0.0000229 6.4769768 24.95150 25.95826

300 11C51 2h 0.909957 0.00004 0.05 0.00081 0.005 0.0000041 0.00103 47.17273 0.1003 0.01052 0.0117805 0.0000463 13.12629 300 11C52 2h 0.813819 0.00004 0.1 0.00036 0.005 0.0000018 0.00046 21.14934 0.1003 0.00472 300 11C53 2h 1.025143 0.00005 0.3 0.00015 0.005 0.0000008 0.00019 8.83541 0.1003 0.00197 11C 0.00169 77.15748 0.1003 0.01721 0.000008599 0.0223 254.30 0.00009 1.0005 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0050939 0.0000200 5.67581 24.84756 22.84252

300 11D51 3.5h 0.533821 0.00002 0.05 0.00048 0.005 0.0000024 0.00061 27.92754 0.1005 0.00626 0.0161442 0.0000635 17.98676 300 11D52 3.5h 1.305903 0.00006 0.1 0.00058 0.005 0.0000029 0.00074 33.41310 0.1005 0.00748 300 11D53 3.5h 0.672654 0.00003 0.3 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 5.82036 0.1005 0.00130 11D 0.00148 67.16100 0.1005 0.01504 0.000008654 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0006 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0073559 0.0000289 8.19546 24.95649 32.83900

300 11E51 5h 0.661671 0.00003 0.05 0.00059 0.005 0.0000030 0.00076 34.53053 0.1000 0.00773 0.0146652 0.0000577 16.34378 300 11E52 5h 0.644848 0.00003 0.1 0.00029 0.005 0.0000015 0.00037 16.83949 0.1000 0.00377 300 11E53 5h 0.545549 0.00002 0.3 0.00008 0.005 0.0000004 0.00010 4.77543 0.1000 0.00107 11E 0.00123 56.14545 0.1000 0.01258 0.000008613 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0003 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00982 0.0000386 10.94784 24.96397 43.85455

300 12A51 0.5h 0.49189 0.00002 0.05 0.00045 0.005 0.0000022 0.00057 25.96755 0.0999 0.00582 0.0165833 0.0000652 18.47775 300 12A52 0.5h 0.92794 0.00004 0.1 0.00041 0.005 0.0000021 0.00053 24.03307 0.0999 0.00538 300 12A53 0.5h 0.73091 0.00003 0.3 0.00011 0.005 0.0000005 0.00014 6.34678 0.0999 0.00142 12A 0.00123 56.34740 0.0999 0.01262 0.000008603 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0005 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0097782 0.0000385 10.8952462 24.95898 43.65260

300 12B51 1h 0.91972 0.00004 0.05 0.00082 0.005 0.0000041 0.00104 47.54491 0.1001 0.01065 0.0117499 0.0000462 13.09226 300 12B52 1h 0.44892 0.00002 0.1 0.00020 0.005 0.0000010 0.00026 11.86874 0.1001 0.00266 300 12B53 1h 0.44827 0.00002 0.3 0.00007 0.005 0.0000003 0.00009 3.95081 0.1001 0.00088 12B5 0.00139 63.36446 0.1001 0.01419 0.000008622 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0003 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0082064 0.0000323 9.1438582 24.95898 36.63554

300 12C51 2h 0.86898 0.00004 0.05 0.00078 0.005 0.0000039 0.00099 45.02422 0.1000 0.01009 0.0123146 0.0000484 13.72414 300 12C52 2h 0.35386 0.00002 0.1 0.00016 0.005 0.0000008 0.00021 9.47489 0.1000 0.00212 300 12C53 2h 0.45926 0.00002 0.3 0.00007 0.005 0.0000003 0.00009 4.04743 0.1000 0.00091 12C 0.00128 58.54653 0.1000 0.01311 0.000008613 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0003 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0092856 0.0000365 10.3484329 24.96397 41.45347

300 12D51 3.5h 0.46027 0.00002 0.05 0.00042 0.005 0.0000021 0.00053 24.44752 0.1000 0.00545 0.0168482 0.0000663 18.77295 300 12D52 3.5h 0.55197 0.00002 0.1 0.00025 0.005 0.0000012 0.00032 14.55508 0.1000 0.00325 300 12D53 3.5h 1.12160 0.00005 0.3 0.00017 0.005 0.0000008 0.00021 9.67938 0.1000 0.00216 12D 0.00106 48.68197 0.1000 0.01086 0.000008574 0.0223 254.30 0.00009 1.0005 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0114439 0.0000450 12.75128 24.84756 51.31803

300 12E51 5h 0.43188 0.00002 0.05 0.00039 0.005 0.0000020 0.00050 22.83278 0.1003 0.00511 0.0172855 0.0000680 19.26208 300 12E52 5h 0.64424 0.00003 0.1 0.00029 0.005 0.0000014 0.00037 16.77547 0.1003 0.00376 300 12E53 5h 2.13436 0.00009 0.3 0.00031 0.005 0.0000016 0.00040 18.12673 0.1003 0.00406 12E 0.00127 57.73498 0.1003 0.01293 0.000008638 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0004 2834.93000 0.00035 0.0094674 0.0000372 10.54997 24.96148 42.26502

300 0h5B51 0h 1.06866 0.00005 0.05 0.00095 0.005 0.00000475 0.00121 55.19772 0.0999 0.01236 0.01004 0.0000395 11.18220 300 0h5B52 0h 0.50003 0.00002 0.1 0.00023 0.005 0.00000113 0.00029 13.18989 0.0999 0.00295 300 0h5B53 0h 0.19481 0.00001 0.3 0.00003 0.005 0.00000016 0.00004 1.81865 0.0999 0.00041 300 0h5B54 0h 0.07412 0.00000 1 0.00000 0.005 0.00000002 0.00001 0.23977 0.0999 0.00005 300 0h5B55 0h 0.04135 0.00000 1 0.00000 0.005 0.00000001 0.00000 0.15672 0.0999 0.00004 13A 0.00154 70.60274 0.0999 0.01582 0.000008603 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0005 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00658 0.0000259 7.33726 24.95898 29.39726

300 13A51 0.5h 0.52449 0.00002 0.05 0.00048 0.005 0.0000024 0.00060 27.61959 0.0999 0.00619 0.01621 0.0000638 18.06542 300 13A52 0.5h 0.72703 0.00003 0.1 0.00033 0.005 0.0000016 0.00041 18.94205 0.0999 0.00424 300 13A53 0.5h 0.34786 0.00002 0.3 0.00005 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.11138 0.0999 0.00070 300 13A54 0.5h 0.26636 0.00001 1 0.00001 0.005 0.0000001 0.00002 0.72689 0.0999 0.00016 300 13A55 0.5h 0.08722 0.00000 1 0.00000 0.005 0.0000000 0.00001 0.27295 0.0999 0.00006 13A 0.00111 50.67285 0.0999 0.01135 0.000008603 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0005 2834.93000 0.00035 0.01105 0.0000434 12.31156 24.95898 49.32715

300 13B51 1h 1.30384 0.00006 0.05 0.00115 0.005 0.0000058 0.00147 66.96924 0.1001 0.01500 0.00740 0.0000291 8.24414 300 13B52 1h 0.73714 0.00003 0.1 0.00033 0.005 0.0000017 0.00042 19.15610 0.1001 0.00429 300 13B53 1h 0.50266 0.00002 0.3 0.00008 0.005 0.0000004 0.00010 4.40919 0.1001 0.00099 13B5 0.00198 90.53454 0.1001 0.02028 0.000008622 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0003 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00212 0.0000083 2.36248 24.95898 9.46546

300 13C51 2h 1.49041 0.00007 0.05 0.00132 0.005 0.0000066 0.00168 76.47987 0.1000 0.01713 0.00527 0.0000207 5.87156 300 13C52 2h 0.71633 0.00003 0.1 0.00032 0.005 0.0000016 0.00041 18.64862 0.1000 0.00418 300 13C53 2h 0.38446 0.00002 0.3 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.41644 0.1000 0.00077 13C 0.00216 98.54493 0.1000 0.02207 0.000008613 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0003 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00033 0.0000013 0.36324 24.96397 1.45507

300 13D51 3.5h 1.39590 0.00006 0.05 0.00124 0.005 0.0000062 0.00157 72.02486 0.1000 0.01606 0.00624 0.0000245 6.95114 300 13D52 3.5h 0.69752 0.00003 0.1 0.00031 0.005 0.0000016 0.00040 18.25575 0.1000 0.00407 300 13D53 3.5h 0.45139 0.00002 0.3 0.00007 0.005 0.0000003 0.00009 3.99929 0.1000 0.00089 13D 0.00206 94.27990 0.1000 0.02102 0.000008574 0.0223 254.30 0.00009 1.0005 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00128 0.0000050 1.42131 24.84756 5.72010

300 13E51 5h 0.88476 0.00004 0.05 0.00079 0.005 0.0000039 0.00100 45.69034 0.1003 0.01023 0.01217 0.0000478 13.55650 300 13E52 5h 1.19925 0.00005 0.1 0.00053 0.005 0.0000027 0.00068 30.78176 0.1003 0.00690 300 13E53 5h 0.99749 0.00004 0.3 0.00015 0.005 0.0000007 0.00019 8.56337 0.1003 0.00192 13E 0.00187 85.03546 0.1003 0.01905 0.000008638 0.0224 254.30 0.00009 1.0004 2834.93000 0.00035 0.00335 0.0000132 3.73537 24.96148 14.96454

300 0h5D51 0h 1.08257 0.00005 0.025 0.00192 0.005 0.00000962 0.00245 111.52770 0.1001 0.24982 T0.02582 T0.0001015 T2.87864 300 0h5D52 0h 0.61820 0.00003 0.1 0.00028 0.005 0.00000139 0.00035 16.14426 0.1001 0.03616 300 0h5D53 0h 0.27865 0.00001 0.3 0.00004 0.005 0.00000022 0.00006 2.52051 0.1001 0.00565 0h5D 0.00286 130.19247 0.1001 0.29163 0.000008624 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 T0.06763 T0.0002660 T7.53950 24.97146 T30.19247

300 0h5E51 0h 0.84425 0.00004 0.025 0.00151 0.005 0.00000754 0.00192 87.43183 0.1000 0.19604 0.02796 0.0001099 3.11662 300 0h5E52 0h 0.51222 0.00002 0.1 0.00023 0.005 0.00000116 0.00030 13.46540 0.1000 0.03019 300 0h5E53 0h 0.49369 0.00002 0.3 0.00007 0.005 0.00000037 0.00010 4.33231 0.1000 0.00971 0h5E 0.00231 105.22954 0.1000 0.23595 0.000008616 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 T0.01195 T0.0000470 T1.33217 24.97146 T5.33477

300 0h5F51 0h 0.84222 0.00004 0.025 0.00150 0.005 0.00000752 0.00191 87.22628 0.1003 0.19500 0.02900 0.0001140 3.23322 300 0h5F52 0h 0.36948 0.00002 0.1 0.00017 0.005 0.00000085 0.00022 9.85729 0.1003 0.02204 300 0h5F53 0h 0.29269 0.00001 0.3 0.00005 0.005 0.00000023 0.00006 2.63876 0.1003 0.00590 0h5F 0.00219 99.72233 0.1003 0.22293 0.000008641 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.00107 0.0000042 0.11899 24.97146 0.47652

300 145Ac51 0.5h 1.26272 0.00006 0.05 0.00112 0.005 0.0000056 0.00142 64.67681 0.1004 0.14488 0.07912 0.0003111 8.82072 300 145Ac52 0.5h 0.44347 0.00002 0.1 0.00020 0.005 0.0000010 0.00026 11.69264 0.1004 0.02619 300 145Ac53 0.5h 0.19806 0.00001 0.3 0.00003 0.005 0.0000002 0.00004 1.83601 0.1004 0.00411 145A 0.00172 78.20546 0.1004 0.17518 0.000008650 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.04882 0.0001920 5.44242 24.97146 21.79454

300 145Ba51 1h 1.03568 0.00005 0.05 0.00092 0.005 0.0000046 0.00117 53.02262 0.1008 0.11877 0.10523 0.0004138 11.73094 300 145Ba52 1h 0.33096 0.00002 0.1 0.00015 0.005 0.0000008 0.00019 8.82204 0.1008 0.01976 300 14Ba53 1h 0.22850 0.00001 0.3 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.08340 0.1008 0.00467 145Ba5 0.00141 63.92807 0.1008 0.14320 0.000008684 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.08080 0.0003177 9.00769 24.97146 36.07193

300 145Bb51 1h 0.80231 0.00004 0.05 0.00072 0.005 0.0000036 0.00091 41.30665 0.1011 0.09225 0.13175 0.0005181 14.68720 300 145Bb52 1h 0.44737 0.00002 0.1 0.00020 0.005 0.0000010 0.00026 11.74396 0.1011 0.02623 300 14Bb53 1h 0.21325 0.00001 0.3 0.00003 0.005 0.0000002 0.00004 1.95580 0.1011 0.00437 145Bb5 0.00121 55.00641 0.1011 0.12285 0.000008710 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.10115 0.0003978 11.27632 24.97146 45.15681

300 145Bc51 1h 0.98394 0.00004 0.05 0.00088 0.005 0.0000044 0.00111 50.42517 0.1007 0.11306 0.11094 0.0004362 12.36706 300 145Bc52 1h 0.17868 0.00001 0.1 0.00009 0.005 0.0000004 0.00011 4.99963 0.1007 0.01121 300 14Bc53 1h 0.17493 0.00001 0.3 0.00003 0.005 0.0000001 0.00004 1.63515 0.1007 0.00367 145Bc5 0.00126 57.05994 0.1007 0.12794 0.000008676 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.09606 0.0003777 10.70861 24.97146 42.88339

300 145Ca51 2h 0.74283 0.00003 0.05 0.00067 0.005 0.0000033 0.00085 38.58876 0.1001 0.08644 0.13756 0.0005409 15.33529 300 145Ca52 2h 0.39437 0.00002 0.1 0.00018 0.005 0.0000009 0.00023 10.48642 0.1001 0.02349 300 145Ca53 2h 0.23005 0.00001 0.3 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.11103 0.1001 0.00473 145Ca 0.00112 51.18621 0.1001 0.11466 0.000008624 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.10934 0.0004300 12.18952 24.97146 48.81379

300 145Cb51 2h 0.71369 0.00003 0.05 0.00064 0.005 0.0000032 0.00081 37.11579 0.1003 0.08297 0.14103 0.0005546 15.72159 300 145Cb52 2h 0.41557 0.00002 0.1 0.00019 0.005 0.0000010 0.00024 11.02231 0.1003 0.02464 300 145Cb51 2h 0.30174 0.00001 0.3 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.71507 0.1003 0.00607 145Cb 0.00112 50.85317 0.1003 0.11368 0.000008641 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.11032 0.0004338 12.29800 24.97146 49.24823

300 145Cc51 2h 0.96592 0.00004 0.05 0.00086 0.005 0.0000043 0.00109 49.86657 0.1007 0.11104 0.11296 0.0004442 12.59325 300 145Cc52 2h 0.32207 0.00001 0.1 0.00015 0.005 0.0000007 0.00019 8.65890 0.1007 0.01928 300 145Cc53 2h 0.10202 0.00001 0.3 0.00002 0.005 0.0000001 0.00002 1.03232 0.1007 0.00230 145Cc 0.00131 59.55779 0.1007 0.13261 0.000008676 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.09139 0.0003594 10.18763 24.97146 40.79707

300 145Da51 3.5h 0.53473 0.00002 0.05 0.00048 0.005 0.0000024 0.00062 28.09661 0.1000 0.06294 0.16106 0.0006334 17.95533 298 145Da52 3.5h 0.29142 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00017 7.89223 0.1000 0.01768 300 145Da53 3.5h 0.42366 0.00002 0.3 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00008 3.74606 0.1000 0.00839 145Da 0.00087 39.73490 0.1000 0.08901 0.000008616 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.13499 0.0005308 15.04908 24.97146 60.26510

300 145Db51 3.5h 0.39004 0.00002 0.05 0.00036 0.005 0.0000018 0.00046 20.77471 0.1005 0.04630 0.17770 0.0006988 19.80953 300 145Db52 3.5h 0.22807 0.00001 0.1 0.00011 0.005 0.0000005 0.00014 6.28923 0.1005 0.01402 300 145Db53 3.5h 0.38137 0.00002 0.3 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.38932 0.1005 0.00755 145Db 0.00067 30.45326 0.1005 0.06788 0.000008659 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15612 0.0006139 17.40467 24.97146 69.69825

300 145Dc51 3.5h 0.87622 0.00004 0.05 0.00078 0.005 0.0000039 0.00099 45.37733 0.1000 0.10165 0.12235 0.0004811 13.64008 300 145Dc52 3.5h 0.29883 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.07959 0.1000 0.01810 300 145Dc53 3.5h 0.22929 0.00001 0.3 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.10668 0.1000 0.00472 145Dc 0.00122 55.56360 0.1000 0.12446 0.000008616 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.09954 0.0003914 11.09642 24.97146 44.43640

300 145Ea51 5h 0.71748 0.00003 0.05 0.00064 0.005 0.0000032 0.00082 37.34439 0.1000 0.08365 0.14035 0.0005519 15.64602 300 145Ea52 5h 0.29767 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.05032 0.1000 0.01803 300 145Ea53 5h 0.31854 0.00001 0.3 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.85945 0.1000 0.00641 145Ea 0.00106 48.25416 0.1000 0.10809 0.000008616 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.11591 0.0004558 12.92169 24.97146 51.74584

300 145Eb51 5h 0.58403 0.00003 0.05 0.00053 0.005 0.0000026 0.00067 30.59163 0.1003 0.06832 0.15568 0.0006122 17.35514 300 145Eb52 5h 0.33775 0.00002 0.1 0.00016 0.005 0.0000008 0.00020 9.06447 0.1003 0.02024 300 145Eb53 5h 0.29334 0.00001 0.3 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.64691 0.1003 0.00591 145Eb 0.00093 42.30301 0.1003 0.09448 0.000008641 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.12952 0.0005093 14.43938 24.97146 57.82352

300 145Ec51 5h 0.66526 0.00003 0.05 0.00060 0.005 0.0000030 0.00076 34.70202 0.1000 0.07773 0.14627 0.0005752 16.30586 300 145Ec52 5h 0.35144 0.00002 0.1 0.00016 0.005 0.0000008 0.00021 9.41080 0.1000 0.02108 300 145Ec53 5h 0.32157 0.00001 0.3 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.88502 0.1000 0.00646 145Ec 0.00103 46.99784 0.1000 0.10528 0.000008616 0.2240 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.11872 0.0004669 13.23542 24.97146 53.00216

Abs5>51 y= 22937 x5+ T0.0205 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate5% Efficiency

300 0h5H51 0h 0.55131 0.00002 0.025 0.00100 0.005 0.00000499 0.00127 57.90925 0.0999 0.12977 0.09433 0.0003709 10.51432 300 0h5H52 0h 0.54958 0.00002 0.1 0.00025 0.005 0.00000124 0.00032 14.43361 0.0999 0.03235 300 0h5H53 0h 0.36973 0.00002 0.3 0.00006 0.005 0.00000028 0.00007 3.29337 0.0999 0.00738 0h5H 0.00166 75.63623 0.0999 0.16950 0.000008610 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.05460 0.0002147 6.08610 24.98011 24.36377

300 165Aa51 0.5h 0.53599 0.00002 0.05 0.00049 0.005 0.00000243 0.00062 28.17886 0.1005 0.06277 0.16133 0.0006344 17.98303 300 165Aa52 0.5h 0.36061 0.00002 0.1 0.00017 0.005 0.00000083 0.00021 9.64908 0.1005 0.02149 300 165Aa53 0.5h 0.45518 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.00000026 0.00007 3.01086 0.1005 0.00671 165Aa 0.00089 40.83880 0.1005 0.09097 0.000008662 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.13313 0.0005235 14.83944 24.98011 59.40502

300 165Ab51 0.5h 0.42018 0.00002 0.05 0.00038 0.005 0.00000192 0.00049 22.31487 0.1009 0.04951 0.17459 0.0006865 19.46108 300 165Ab52 0.5h 0.36154 0.00002 0.1 0.00017 0.005 0.00000083 0.00021 9.67283 0.1009 0.02146 300 165Ab53 0.5h 0.43360 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.00000025 0.00006 2.87427 0.1009 0.00638 165Ab 0.00076 34.86196 0.1009 0.07735 0.000008696 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14675 0.0005771 16.35786 24.98011 65.48355

300 165Ac51 0.5h 0.36566 0.00002 0.05 0.00034 0.005 0.0000017 0.00043 19.37928 0.1008 0.04343 0.18067 0.0007105 20.13915 300 165Ac52 0.5h 0.26664 0.00001 0.1 0.00013 0.005 0.0000006 0.00016 7.20518 0.1008 0.01615 300 165Ac53 0.5h 0.45739 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 2.99786 0.1008 0.00672 165Ac 0.00065 29.58232 0.1008 0.06629 0.000008687 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15781 0.0006206 17.59042 24.98011 70.41768

300 165Ba51 1h 0.43063 0.00002 0.05 0.00039 0.005 0.0000020 0.00050 22.82118 0.1000 0.05114 0.17296 0.0006801 19.27936 300 165Ba52 1h 0.31007 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.36123 0.1000 0.01874 300 16Ba53 1h 0.42611 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.82405 0.1000 0.00633 165Ba5 0.00075 34.00646 0.1000 0.07621 0.000008618 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14789 0.0005816 16.48526 24.98011 65.99354

300 165Bb51 1h 0.60648 0.00003 0.05 0.00055 0.005 0.0000027 0.00070 31.71668 0.1001 0.07101 0.15309 0.0006020 17.06517 300 165Bb52 1h 0.36843 0.00002 0.1 0.00017 0.005 0.0000008 0.00022 9.83735 0.1001 0.02202 300 165Bb53 1h 0.42654 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.82677 0.1001 0.00633 165Bb5 0.00097 44.38080 0.1001 0.09936 0.000008627 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.12474 0.0004905 13.90481 24.98011 55.66353

300 165Bc51 1h 0.50685 0.00002 0.05 0.00046 0.005 0.0000023 0.00058 26.67659 0.1005 0.05948 0.16462 0.0006473 18.34942 300 165Bc52 1h 0.28737 0.00001 0.1 0.00013 0.005 0.0000007 0.00017 7.78715 0.1005 0.01736 300 165Bc53 1h 0.36523 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.43910 0.1005 0.00544 165Bc5 0.00081 36.90284 0.1005 0.08229 0.000008662 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14181 0.0005577 15.80760 24.98011 63.28076

300 165Ca51 2h 0.43739 0.00002 0.05 0.00040 0.005 0.0000020 0.00051 23.18623 0.0999 0.05196 0.17214 0.0006769 19.18817 300 165Ca52 2h 0.26570 0.00001 0.1 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00016 7.24611 0.0999 0.01624 300 165Ca53 2h 0.49400 0.00002 0.4 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.25659 0.0999 0.00730 165Ca 0.00074 33.68894 0.0999 0.07550 0.000008610 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14860 0.0005844 16.56458 24.98011 66.31106

300 165Cb51 2h 0.38267 0.00002 0.05 0.00035 0.005 0.0000018 0.00045 20.41551 0.1006 0.04543 0.17867 0.0007026 19.91578 300 165Cb52 2h 0.26016 0.00001 0.1 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00016 7.10580 0.1006 0.01581 300 165Cb51 2h 0.59430 0.00003 0.4 0.00007 0.005 0.0000003 0.00009 3.89146 0.1006 0.00866 165Cb 0.00069 31.41277 0.1006 0.06991 0.000008670 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15419 0.0006063 17.18777 24.98011 68.80581

300 165Cc51 2h 0.46824 0.00002 0.05 0.00043 0.005 0.0000021 0.00054 24.74854 0.1000 0.05541 0.16869 0.0006634 18.80408 300 165Cc52 2h 0.31952 0.00001 0.1 0.00015 0.005 0.0000007 0.00019 8.60873 0.1000 0.01927 300 165Cc53 2h 0.30231 0.00001 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00004 2.04329 0.1000 0.00457 165Cc 0.00078 35.40057 0.1000 0.07925 0.000008618 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14485 0.0005696 16.14586 24.98011 64.63484

300 165Da51 3.5h 0.27370 0.00001 0.05 0.00026 0.005 0.0000013 0.00033 14.74973 0.1005 0.03319 0.19091 0.0007507 21.28095 300 165Da52 3.5h 0.15449 0.00001 0.1 0.00008 0.005 0.0000004 0.00010 4.38670 0.1005 0.00987 300 165Da53 3.5h 0.35127 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.32987 0.1005 0.00524 165Da 0.00047 21.46629 0.1005 0.04830 0.000008662 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.17580 0.0006913 19.59647 24.98011 78.44827

300 165Db51 3.5h 0.31372 0.00001 0.05 0.00029 0.005 0.0000015 0.00037 16.75645 0.0999 0.03793 0.18617 0.0007321 20.75243 300 165Db52 3.5h 0.18985 0.00001 0.1 0.00009 0.005 0.0000005 0.00012 5.27296 0.0999 0.01193 300 165Db53 3.5h 0.23143 0.00001 0.4 0.00003 0.005 0.0000001 0.00003 1.57880 0.0999 0.00357 165Db 0.00052 23.60821 0.0999 0.05344 0.000008610 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.17066 0.0006711 19.02372 24.98011 76.15547

300 165Dc51 3.5h 0.21539 0.00001 0.05 0.00021 0.005 0.0000010 0.00026 11.82623 0.1009 0.02650 0.19760 0.0007770 22.02591 300 165Dc52 3.5h 0.17557 0.00001 0.1 0.00009 0.005 0.0000004 0.00011 4.91497 0.1009 0.01101 300 165Dc53 3.5h 0.25694 0.00001 0.4 0.00003 0.005 0.0000002 0.00004 1.73866 0.1009 0.00390 165Dc 0.00041 18.47987 0.1009 0.04141 0.000008696 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.18269 0.0007184 20.36382 24.98011 81.52013

300 165Ea51 5h 0.27303 0.00001 0.05 0.00026 0.005 0.0000013 0.00033 14.73059 0.1008 0.03301 0.19109 0.0007514 21.30040 300 165Ea52 5h 0.14482 0.00001 0.1 0.00007 0.005 0.0000004 0.00009 4.14833 0.1008 0.00930 300 165Ea53 5h 0.18943 0.00001 0.4 0.00002 0.005 0.0000001 0.00003 1.31691 0.1008 0.00295 165Ea 0.00045 20.19583 0.1008 0.04526 0.000008687 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.17884 0.0007033 19.93517 24.98011 79.80417

300 165Eb51 5h 0.18306 0.00001 0.05 0.00018 0.005 0.0000009 0.00023 10.21548 0.1001 0.02305 0.20105 0.0007906 22.41043 300 165Eb52 5h 0.25379 0.00001 0.1 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00015 6.88266 0.1001 0.01553 300 165Eb53 5h 0.30426 0.00001 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.03726 0.1001 0.00460 165Eb 0.00042 19.13541 0.1001 0.04318 0.000008627 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.18092 0.0007114 20.16664 24.98011 80.73078

300 165Ec51 5h 0.37688 0.00002 0.05 0.00035 0.005 0.0000017 0.00044 19.94256 0.1007 0.04474 0.17936 0.0007053 19.99349 300 165Ec52 5h 0.19244 0.00001 0.1 0.00009 0.005 0.0000005 0.00012 5.34328 0.1007 0.01199 300 165Ec53 5h 0.28331 0.00001 0.4 0.00003 0.005 0.0000002 0.00004 1.90585 0.1007 0.00428 165Ec 0.00060 27.19169 0.1007 0.06100 0.000008679 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0010 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16310 0.0006414 18.18085 24.98011 72.78130

Abs5>51 y= 22937 x5+ Y0.0205 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate5% Efficiency

300 0h5I51 0h 0.64753 0.00003 0.025 0.00116 0.005 0.00000582 0.00148 67.71504 0.0998 0.15175 0.07235 0.0002845 8.06563 300 0h5I52 0h 0.33669 0.00002 0.1 0.00016 0.005 0.00000078 0.00020 9.05161 0.0998 0.02028 300 0h5I53 0h 0.37397 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.00000021 0.00005 2.49909 0.0998 0.00560 0h5I 0.00173 79.26574 0.0998 0.17763 0.000008602 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.04647 0.0001827 5.17996 24.98261 20.73426

300 175Aa51 0.5h 0.42440 0.00002 0.05 0.00039 0.005 0.00000194 0.00049 22.54862 0.0999 0.05048 0.17362 0.0006827 19.35502 300 175Aa52 0.5h 0.31017 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.00000072 0.00018 8.37963 0.0999 0.01876 300 175Aa53 0.5h 0.40425 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.00000023 0.00006 2.69096 0.0999 0.00602 175Aa 0.00074 33.61921 0.0999 0.07527 0.000008611 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14883 0.0005853 16.59206 24.98261 66.41444

300 175Ab51 0.5h 0.11130 0.00001 0.05 0.00011 0.005 0.00000057 0.00015 6.67982 0.1000 0.01494 0.20916 0.0008225 23.31716 300 175Ab52 0.5h 0.29387 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.00000069 0.00017 7.96666 0.1000 0.01782 300 175Ab53 0.5h 0.43280 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.00000025 0.00006 2.87179 0.1000 0.00642 175Ab 0.00038 17.51827 0.1000 0.03918 0.000008619 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.18492 0.0007272 20.61484 24.98261 82.51676

300 175Ac51 0.5h 0.38200 0.00002 0.05 0.00035 0.005 0.0000018 0.00045 20.23759 0.1006 0.04535 0.17875 0.0007029 19.92673 300 175Ac52 0.5h 0.30547 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.19491 0.1006 0.01836 300 175Ac53 0.5h 0.37359 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.47687 0.1006 0.00555 175Ac 0.00068 30.90937 0.1006 0.06927 0.000008671 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15483 0.0006089 17.26064 24.98261 69.09063

300 175Ba51 1h 0.34947 0.00002 0.05 0.00032 0.005 0.0000016 0.00041 18.56502 0.1008 0.04160 0.18250 0.0007176 20.34458 300 175Ba52 1h 0.19730 0.00001 0.1 0.00009 0.005 0.0000005 0.00012 5.46460 0.1008 0.01225 300 175Ba53 1h 0.43598 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.86326 0.1008 0.00642 175Ba5 0.00059 26.89288 0.1008 0.06027 0.000008688 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16383 0.0006443 18.26407 24.98261 73.10712

300 175Bb51 1h 0.58915 0.00003 0.05 0.00053 0.005 0.0000027 0.00068 30.59251 0.1002 0.06897 0.15513 0.0006100 17.29404 300 175Bb52 1h 0.30679 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.21161 0.1002 0.01851 300 175Bb53 1h 0.35449 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.35213 0.1002 0.00530 175Bb5 0.00091 41.15626 0.1002 0.09278 0.000008637 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.13132 0.0005164 14.63914 24.98261 58.59730

300 175Bc51 1h 0.41881 0.00002 0.05 0.00038 0.005 0.0000019 0.00049 22.04447 0.1008 0.04940 0.17470 0.0006870 19.47533 300 175Bc52 1h 0.30679 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.21161 0.1008 0.01840 300 175Bc53 1h 0.35449 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.35213 0.1008 0.00527 175Bc5 0.00072 32.60821 0.1008 0.07307 0.000008688 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15103 0.0005939 16.83623 24.98261 67.39179

300 175Ca51 2h 0.43660 0.00002 0.05 0.00040 0.005 0.0000020 0.00051 23.02871 0.1004 0.05161 0.17249 0.0006783 19.22944 300 175Ca52 2h 0.36105 0.00002 0.1 0.00017 0.005 0.0000008 0.00021 9.61114 0.1004 0.02154 300 175Ca53 2h 0.43653 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.87814 0.1004 0.00645 175Ca 0.00078 35.51799 0.1004 0.07960 0.000008654 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14450 0.0005682 16.10929 24.98261 64.48201

300 175Cb51 2h 0.34703 0.00002 0.05 0.00032 0.005 0.0000016 0.00041 18.51611 0.1008 0.04133 0.18277 0.0007187 20.37516 300 175Cb52 2h 0.31917 0.00001 0.1 0.00015 0.005 0.0000007 0.00019 8.55628 0.1008 0.01910 300 175Cb51 2h 0.47943 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.14830 0.1008 0.00703 175Cb 0.00067 30.22069 0.1008 0.06746 0.000008688 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15664 0.0006160 17.46265 24.98261 69.89923

300 175Cc51 2h 0.41987 0.00002 0.05 0.00038 0.005 0.0000019 0.00049 22.18590 0.1000 0.04992 0.17418 0.0006849 19.41782 300 175Cc52 2h 0.31062 0.00001 0.1 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.34093 0.1000 0.01877 300 175Cc53 2h 0.46603 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.06392 0.1000 0.00689 175Cc 0.00074 33.59075 0.1000 0.07558 0.000008619 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14852 0.0005840 16.55720 24.98261 66.27488

300 175Da51 3.5h 0.34056 0.00002 0.05 0.00031 0.005 0.0000016 0.00040 18.09996 0.1003 0.04080 0.18330 0.0007208 20.43372 300 175Da52 3.5h 0.24573 0.00001 0.1 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00015 6.67312 0.1003 0.01504 300 175Da53 3.5h 0.32146 0.00001 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.14285 0.1003 0.00483 175Da 0.00060 26.91592 0.1003 0.06068 0.000008645 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16342 0.0006426 18.21809 24.98261 72.92306

300 175Db51 3.5h 0.66175 0.00003 0.1 0.00030 0.005 0.0000015 0.00038 17.10076 0.1000 0.03867 0.18543 0.0007292 20.67195 300 175Db52 3.5h 0.45106 0.00002 0.2 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 5.90992 0.1000 0.01336 300 175Db53 3.5h 0.49699 0.00002 0.4 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.24276 0.1000 0.00733 175Db 0.00058 26.25344 0.1000 0.05936 0.000008619 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16474 0.0006478 18.36479 24.98261 73.51028

300 175Dc51 3.5h 0.70013 0.00003 0.1 0.00031 0.005 0.0000016 0.00040 18.06274 0.1009 0.04048 0.18362 0.0007221 20.47007 300 175Dc52 3.5h 0.45021 0.00002 0.2 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 5.89927 0.1009 0.01322 300 175Dc53 3.5h 0.38430 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.53660 0.1009 0.00568 175Dc 0.00059 26.49861 0.1009 0.05938 0.000008697 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16472 0.0006477 18.36257 24.98261 73.50139

300 175Ea51 5h 0.55544 0.00003 0.1 0.00025 0.005 0.0000013 0.00032 14.42168 0.1010 0.03232 0.19178 0.0007542 21.37970 300 175Ea52 5h 0.38700 0.00002 0.2 0.00009 0.005 0.0000004 0.00011 5.10202 0.1010 0.01143 300 175Ea53 5h 0.39743 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.61627 0.1010 0.00586 175Ea 0.00049 22.13997 0.1010 0.04962 0.000008705 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.17448 0.0006861 19.45147 24.98261 77.86003

300 175Eb51 5h 0.81711 0.00004 0.1 0.00037 0.005 0.0000018 0.00046 20.97406 0.1010 0.04700 0.17710 0.0006964 19.74274 300 175Eb52 5h 0.46499 0.00002 0.2 0.00011 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 6.07840 0.1010 0.01362 300 175Eb53 5h 0.33600 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.23175 0.1010 0.00500 175Eb 0.00065 29.28420 0.1010 0.06563 0.000008705 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15847 0.0006232 17.66665 24.98261 70.71580

300 175Ec51 5h 0.87418 0.00004 0.1 0.00039 0.005 0.0000020 0.00050 22.40306 0.1012 0.05011 0.17399 0.0006842 19.39680 300 175Ec52 5h 0.43946 0.00002 0.2 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 5.75883 0.1012 0.01288 300 175Ec53 5h 0.22488 0.00001 0.4 0.00003 0.005 0.0000001 0.00003 1.53610 0.1012 0.00344 175Ec 0.00066 29.69800 0.1012 0.06642 0.000008723 0.2241 254.30 0.00088 10.0000 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15768 0.0006200 17.57794 24.98261 70.36069

298 0h5Ka1 0h 0.31014 0.00001 0.025 0.00053 0.005 0.00000267 0.00068 30.90527 0.1001 0.06938 0.15512 0.0006100 17.29248 298 0h5Ka2 0h 0.23278 0.00001 0.1 0.00010 0.005 0.00000052 0.00013 6.03005 0.1001 0.01354 298 0h5Ka3 0h 0.29709 0.00001 0.4 0.00003 0.005 0.00000016 0.00004 1.86005 0.1001 0.00418 0h5Ka 0.00085 38.79537 0.1001 0.08710 0.000008643 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.13740 0.0005403 15.31781 25.02720 61.20463

298 0h5Kb1 0h 0.24523 0.00001 0.025 0.00044 0.005 0.00000218 0.00055 25.21235 0.1008 0.05621 0.16829 0.0006618 18.76108 298 0h5Kb2 0h 0.20419 0.00001 0.1 0.00009 0.005 0.00000047 0.00012 5.40302 0.1008 0.01205 298 0h5Kb3 0h 0.35459 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.00000019 0.00005 2.17531 0.1008 0.00485 0h5Kb 0.00072 32.79068 0.1008 0.07310 0.000008703 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15140 0.0005953 16.87760 25.02720 67.43703

298 0h5Kc1 0h 0.20643 0.00001 0.025 0.00038 0.005 0.00000188 0.00048 21.80855 0.0999 0.04906 0.17544 0.0006899 19.55821 298 0h5Kc2 0h 0.29417 0.00001 0.1 0.00013 0.005 0.00000064 0.00016 7.37624 0.0999 0.01659 298 0h5Kc3 0h 0.40115 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.00000021 0.00005 2.43057 0.0999 0.00547 0h5Kc 0.00069 31.61536 0.0999 0.07112 0.000008626 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15338 0.0006032 17.09892 25.02720 68.32135

298 185Aa51 0.5h 0.39413 0.00002 0.05 0.00033 0.005 0.00000165 0.00042 19.13634 0.1002 0.04292 0.18158 0.0007140 20.24269 298 185Aa52 0.5h 0.24081 0.00001 0.1 0.00011 0.005 0.00000054 0.00014 6.20603 0.1002 0.01392 298 185Aa53 0.5h 0.34126 0.00001 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.00000018 0.00005 2.10222 0.1002 0.00471 185Aa 0.00060 27.44459 0.1002 0.06155 0.000008652 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16295 0.0006408 18.16545 25.02720 72.58280

298 185Ab51 0.5h 0.03050 0.00000 0.05 0.00006 0.005 0.00000028 0.00007 3.18851 0.1003 0.00714 0.21736 0.0008547 24.23080 298 185Ab52 0.5h 0.15574 0.00001 0.1 0.00008 0.005 0.00000038 0.00010 4.34054 0.1003 0.00973 298 185Ab53 0.5h 0.56615 0.00002 0.4 0.00006 0.005 0.00000029 0.00007 3.33513 0.1003 0.00747 185Ab 0.00024 10.86418 0.1003 0.02434 0.000008660 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.20016 0.0007871 22.31363 25.02720 89.15749

298 185Ac51 0.5h 0.43943 0.00002 0.05 0.00037 0.005 0.0000018 0.00046 21.18686 0.0998 0.04756 0.17694 0.0006958 19.72473 298 185Ac52 0.5h 0.27916 0.00001 0.1 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00015 7.06814 0.0998 0.01587 298 185Ac53 0.5h 0.35480 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.18296 0.0998 0.00490 185Ac 0.00067 30.43796 0.0998 0.06833 0.000008617 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15617 0.0006141 17.40943 25.02720 69.56204

298 185Ba51 1.5h 1.15491 0.00005 0.1 0.00045 0.005 0.0000023 0.00058 26.12091 0.1006 0.05864 0.16586 0.0006522 18.48987 298 185Ba52 1.5h 0.69660 0.00003 0.2 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.06031 0.1006 0.01810 298 185Ba53 1.5h 0.36767 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.23585 0.1006 0.00502 185Ba5 0.00080 36.41707 0.1006 0.08176 0.000008686 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.14274 0.0005613 15.91303 25.02720 63.58293

298 185Bb51 1.5h 0.85212 0.00003 0.1 0.00034 0.005 0.0000017 0.00043 19.51404 0.1007 0.04377 0.18073 0.0007107 20.14823 298 185Bb52 1.5h 0.51015 0.00002 0.2 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 6.02615 0.1007 0.01352 298 185Bb53 1.5h 0.43552 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.60595 0.1007 0.00584 185Bb5 0.00062 28.14613 0.1007 0.06313 0.000008695 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16137 0.0006346 17.99001 25.02720 71.88182

298 185Bc51 1.5h 0.98126 0.00004 0.1 0.00039 0.005 0.0000019 0.00049 22.33180 0.1002 0.05034 0.17416 0.0006849 19.41587 298 185Bc52 1.5h 0.54774 0.00002 0.2 0.00011 0.005 0.0000006 0.00014 6.43616 0.1002 0.01451 298 185Bc53 1.5h 0.47819 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.83869 0.1002 0.00640 185Bc5 0.00070 31.60666 0.1002 0.07124 0.000008652 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15326 0.0006027 17.08536 25.02720 68.26717

298 185Ca51 2.5h 0.91511 0.00004 0.1 0.00036 0.005 0.0000018 0.00046 20.95083 0.1003 0.04703 0.17747 0.0006979 19.78380 298 185Ca52 2.5h 0.43179 0.00002 0.2 0.00009 0.005 0.0000004 0.00011 5.18670 0.1003 0.01164 298 185Ca53 2.5h 0.35010 0.00001 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.14637 0.1003 0.00482 185Ca 0.00062 28.28389 0.1003 0.06350 0.000008660 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16100 0.0006331 17.94854 25.02720 71.71611

298 185Cb51 2.5h 0.79649 0.00003 0.1 0.00032 0.005 0.0000016 0.00040 18.35479 0.1003 0.04121 0.18329 0.0007208 20.43351 298 185Cb52 2.5h 0.48600 0.00002 0.2 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 5.77984 0.1003 0.01298 298 185Cb51 2.5h 0.87987 0.00003 0.4 0.00009 0.005 0.0000004 0.00011 5.04493 0.1003 0.01133 185Cb 0.00064 29.17956 0.1003 0.06551 0.000008660 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15899 0.0006252 17.72438 25.02720 70.82044

298 185Cc51 2.5h 0.74011 0.00003 0.1 0.00030 0.005 0.0000015 0.00038 17.12099 0.1007 0.03828 0.18622 0.0007323 20.75932 298 185Cc52 2.5h 0.49334 0.00002 0.2 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 5.86018 0.1007 0.01310 298 185Cc53 2.5h 0.28128 0.00001 0.4 0.00003 0.005 0.0000002 0.00004 1.76988 0.1007 0.00396 185Cc 0.00055 24.75104 0.1007 0.05535 0.000008695 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16915 0.0006652 18.85732 25.02720 75.34727

298 185Da51 3.5h 0.77359 0.00003 0.1 0.00031 0.005 0.0000015 0.00039 17.88929 0.1004 0.04004 0.18446 0.0007254 20.56339 298 185Da52 3.5h 0.56695 0.00002 0.2 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00015 6.67900 0.1004 0.01495 298 185Da53 3.5h 0.47029 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.80960 0.1004 0.00629 185Da 0.00060 27.37789 0.1004 0.06128 0.000008669 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16322 0.0006418 18.19576 25.02720 72.70392

298 185Db51 3.5h 0.66100 0.00003 0.1 0.00027 0.005 0.0000013 0.00034 15.42038 0.1004 0.03452 0.18998 0.0007471 21.17945 298 185Db52 3.5h 0.67105 0.00003 0.2 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00017 7.82040 0.1004 0.01750 298 185Db53 3.5h 0.50142 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 2.98025 0.1004 0.00667 185Db 0.00058 26.22103 0.1004 0.05869 0.000008669 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16581 0.0006520 18.48442 25.02720 73.85732

298 185Dc51 3.5h 0.88254 0.00004 0.1 0.00035 0.005 0.0000018 0.00045 20.27842 0.1001 0.04553 0.17897 0.0007038 19.95208 298 185Dc52 3.5h 0.71462 0.00003 0.2 0.00014 0.005 0.0000007 0.00018 8.29808 0.1001 0.01863 298 185Dc53 3.5h 0.52563 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.11299 0.1001 0.00699 185Dc 0.00070 31.68949 0.1001 0.07114 0.000008643 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15336 0.0006031 17.09621 25.02720 68.31051

298 185Ea51 5h 0.91081 0.00004 0.1 0.00036 0.005 0.0000018 0.00046 20.83599 0.1004 0.04678 0.17772 0.0006989 19.81254 298 185Ea52 5h 0.51314 0.00002 0.2 0.00011 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 6.07079 0.1004 0.01363 298 185Ea53 5h 0.37228 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.26550 0.1004 0.00509 185Ea 0.00064 29.17229 0.1004 0.06549 0.000008669 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15901 0.0006253 17.72620 25.02720 70.82771

298 185Eb51 5h 0.03143 0.00000 0.1 0.00003 0.005 0.0000001 0.00004 1.60976 0.1005 0.00361 0.22089 0.0008686 24.62473 298 185Eb52 5h 1.92614 0.00007 0.2 0.00037 0.005 0.0000019 0.00047 21.51727 0.1005 0.04826 298 185Eb53 5h 1.18960 0.00005 0.4 0.00012 0.005 0.0000006 0.00015 6.73281 0.1005 0.01510 185Eb 0.00066 29.85984 0.1005 0.06697 0.000008677 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.15753 0.0006195 17.56156 25.02720 70.16987

298 185Ec51 5h 0.91081 0.00004 0.1 0.00036 0.005 0.0000018 0.00046 20.83599 0.1008 0.04659 0.17791 0.0006996 19.83323 298 185Ec52 5h 0.47946 0.00002 0.2 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00013 5.70257 0.1008 0.01275 298 185Ec53 5h 0.27947 0.00001 0.4 0.00003 0.005 0.0000002 0.00004 1.75820 0.1008 0.00393 185Ec 0.00062 28.29676 0.1008 0.06327 0.000008703 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.16123 0.0006340 17.97342 25.02720 71.81553

Abs5>51 y= 26381 x+ Y0.0422 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate5% Efficiency

300 0h5J1 0h 1.98862 0.00009 0.05 0.00175 0.005 0.0000088 0.00223 101.04348 0.1001 0.22752 U0.0030225 U0.0000119 U0.33694 300 0h5J2 0h 0.61335 0.00003 0.1 0.00028 0.005 0.0000014 0.00035 15.93892 0.1001 0.03589 300 0h5J3 0h 0.41070 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.71076 0.1001 0.00610 0h5J 0.00264 119.69316 0.1001 0.26952 0.000008643 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 U0.0450165 U0.0001770 U5.0184245 25.02720 U20.05188

300 19A51 0.5h 0.50178 0.00002 0.05 0.00046 0.005 0.0000023 0.00058 26.26643 0.1004 0.05897 0.1655319 0.0006509 18.45345 300 19A52 0.5h 0.38724 0.00002 0.1 0.00018 0.005 0.0000009 0.00023 10.25312 0.1004 0.02302 300 19A53 0.5h 0.60670 0.00003 0.4 0.00007 0.005 0.0000003 0.00009 3.94293 0.1004 0.00885 19A 0.00089 40.46248 0.1004 0.09084 0.000008669 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.1336617 0.0005256 14.9005775 25.02720 59.53752

300 19B51 1.5h 0.68419 0.00003 0.05 0.00061 0.005 0.0000031 0.00078 35.29962 0.1008 0.07925 0.1452524 0.0005712 16.19270 300 19B52 1.5h 0.40691 0.00002 0.1 0.00019 0.005 0.0000009 0.00024 10.70495 0.1008 0.02403 300 19B53 1.5h 0.51745 0.00002 0.4 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.36840 0.1008 0.00756 19B5 0.00109 49.37296 0.1008 0.11084 0.000008703 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.1136577 0.0004469 12.6705316 25.02720 50.62704

300 19C51 2.5h 0.72844 0.00003 0.05 0.00065 0.005 0.0000033 0.00083 37.74097 0.1002 0.08473 0.1397715 0.0005496 15.58169 300 19C52 2.5h 0.38658 0.00002 0.1 0.00018 0.005 0.0000009 0.00023 10.25693 0.1002 0.02303 300 19C53 2.5h 0.49323 0.00002 0.4 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.23603 0.1002 0.00726 19C 0.00113 51.23393 0.1002 0.11502 0.000008652 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.1094798 0.0004305 12.2047828 25.02720 48.76607

300 19D51 3.5h 0.38900 0.00002 0.05 0.00036 0.005 0.0000018 0.00045 20.57412 0.1005 0.04619 0.1783111 0.0007012 19.87808 300 19D52 3.5h 0.60230 0.00003 0.1 0.00027 0.005 0.0000014 0.00035 15.64550 0.1005 0.03512 300 19D53 3.5h 0.37113 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00005 2.45952 0.1005 0.00552 19D 0.00085 38.67914 0.1005 0.08683 0.000008677 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.1376653 0.0005414 15.34690 25.02720 61.32086

300 19E51 5h 0.43739 0.00002 0.05 0.00040 0.005 0.0000020 0.00051 23.09737 0.1001 0.05185 0.1726464 0.0006789 19.24658 300 19E52 5h 0.22430 0.00001 0.1 0.00011 0.005 0.0000005 0.00014 6.17428 0.1001 0.01386 300 19E53 5h 0.52495 0.00002 0.4 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00008 3.43924 0.1001 0.00772 19E 0.00072 32.71089 0.1001 0.07344 0.000008643 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.1510640 0.0005940 16.84058 25.02720 67.28911

Abs5>51 y= 22937 x5+ U0.0205 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate5% Efficiency

298 20A51 0h 0.57477 0.00002 0.025 0.00094 0.005 0.0000047 0.00119 53.95644 0.1004 0.12113 0.1033678 0.0004065 11.52342 298 20A52 0h 0.49000 0.00002 0.1 0.00020 0.005 0.0000010 0.00026 11.63573 0.1004 0.02612 298 20A53 0h 0.42536 0.00002 0.4 0.00004 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.55561 0.1004 0.00574 20A 0.00150 68.14778 0.1004 0.15299 0.000008669 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0715082 0.0002812 7.9717189 25.02720 31.85222

298 20B51 0h 0.59871 0.00002 0.025 0.00097 0.005 0.0000049 0.00124 55.82748 0.1008 0.12533 0.0991673 0.0003900 11.05515 298 20B52 0h 0.52869 0.00002 0.1 0.00022 0.005 0.0000011 0.00028 12.43203 0.1008 0.02791 298 20B53 0h 0.43774 0.00002 0.4 0.00005 0.005 0.0000002 0.00006 2.61284 0.1008 0.00587 20B5 0.00157 70.87235 0.1008 0.15911 0.000008703 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0653916 0.0002571 7.2898366 25.02720 29.12765

298 20C51 0h 0.54315 0.00002 0.025 0.00089 0.005 0.0000044 0.00113 51.29334 0.1002 0.11515 0.1093465 0.0004300 12.18992 298 20C52 0h 0.49293 0.00002 0.1 0.00020 0.005 0.0000010 0.00026 11.72310 0.1002 0.02632 298 20C53 0h 0.58290 0.00002 0.4 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00008 3.42351 0.1002 0.00769 20C 0.00146 66.43995 0.1002 0.14916 0.000008652 0.2245 254.30 0.00088 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0753423 0.0002963 8.3991422 25.02720 33.56005

Abs5>51 y= 26381 x+ X0.0422 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate5% Efficiency

326 0h5L1 0h 0.90246 0.00010 0.1 0.00096 0.005 0.0000048 0.00109 55.11262 0.1000 0.11166 0.0911434 0.0003993 11.32027 326 0h5L2 0h 0.56724 0.00006 0.2 0.00031 0.005 0.0000015 0.00035 17.61145 0.1000 0.03568 326 0h5L3 0h 1.04938 0.00011 1 0.00011 0.005 0.0000006 0.00013 6.38297 0.1000 0.01293 0hL 0.00157 79.10704 0.1000 0.16027 0.000008708 0.2028 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0425314 0.0001863 5.2825159 25.18834 20.97207

326 21A51 0.5h 0.97945 0.00010 0.1 0.00104 0.005 0.0000052 0.00119 59.68082 0.0999 0.12103 0.0817673 0.0003582 10.15573 326 21A52 0.5h 0.61952 0.00007 0.2 0.00033 0.005 0.0000017 0.00038 19.16243 0.0999 0.03886 326 21A53 0.5h 0.90721 0.00010 1 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00011 5.53940 0.0999 0.01123 21A 0.00168 84.38266 0.0999 0.17113 0.000008700 0.2028 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0316720 0.0001388 3.9337495 25.18834 15.61734

326 21B51 1.5h 1.12231 0.00012 0.1 0.00119 0.005 0.0000059 0.00135 68.22550 0.0998 0.13836 0.0644387 0.0002823 8.00347 326 21B52 1.5h 0.69245 0.00007 0.2 0.00037 0.005 0.0000019 0.00042 21.34728 0.0998 0.04329 326 21B53 1.5h 1.02028 0.00011 1 0.00011 0.005 0.0000005 0.00012 6.21656 0.0998 0.01261 21B5 0.00190 95.78934 0.0998 0.19426 0.000008691 0.2028 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0085392 0.0000374 1.0605963 25.18834 4.21066

326 21C51 2.5h 1.12615 0.00012 0.1 0.00119 0.005 0.0000059 0.00136 68.11232 0.1003 0.13813 0.0646682 0.0002833 8.03198 326 21C52 2.5h 0.66998 0.00007 0.2 0.00036 0.005 0.0000018 0.00041 20.57699 0.1003 0.04173 326 21C53 2.5h 1.22755 0.00013 1 0.00013 0.005 0.0000006 0.00015 7.41044 0.1003 0.01503 21C 0.00192 96.09976 0.1003 0.19489 0.000008735 0.2028 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0079097 0.0000347 0.9824056 25.18834 3.90024

326 21D51 3.5h 1.06567 0.00011 0.1 0.00113 0.005 0.0000056 0.00129 64.34568 0.1006 0.13049 0.0723070 0.0003168 8.98073 326 21D52 3.5h 0.56977 0.00006 0.2 0.00031 0.005 0.0000015 0.00035 17.56333 0.1006 0.03562 326 21D53 3.5h 0.89009 0.00009 1 0.00009 0.005 0.0000005 0.00011 5.40004 0.1006 0.01095 21D 0.00175 87.30905 0.1006 0.17706 0.000008761 0.2028 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0257372 0.0001128 3.19664 25.18834 12.69095

326 21E51 5h 0.81426 0.00009 0.1 0.00087 0.005 0.0000043 0.00099 49.82941 0.1000 0.10105 0.1017460 0.0004458 12.63714 326 21E52 5h 0.49289 0.00005 0.2 0.00027 0.005 0.0000013 0.00031 15.39021 0.1000 0.03121 326 21E53 5h 0.77024 0.00008 1 0.00008 0.005 0.0000004 0.00009 4.72203 0.1000 0.00958 21E 0.00139 69.94164 0.1000 0.14184 0.000008708 0.2028 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0609584 0.0002671 7.57120 25.18834 30.05836

y= 9686.5 x V0.0264 Wavelength Sample Time Abs Experiment5Conc Dilution5times Actual5Conc Ws5V(L) Ws5M5(mol) Ws5M5(g) Ws5(%) Wash5Amount5(g) Total5Ws5M(g) Total5Ws5M5percentage UV5total(g) UV5total(g/mol) UV5total(mol) Zeolite5L(g) Zeolite5L(g/mol) Zeolite5L(mol) Loading5M5(g) Loading5M5(mol) Loading5Rate5% Ideal5Loading5Rate5% Efficiency

326 0hM1 0h 1.17986 0.00012 0.1 0.00125 0.005 0.0000062 0.00142 71.18519 0.1006 0.14414 0.0591559 0.0002592 7.34733 326 0h5J2 0h 0.73490 0.00008 0.2 0.00039 0.005 0.0000020 0.00045 22.46324 0.1006 0.04549 326 0h5J3 0h 0.68505 0.00007 1 0.00007 0.005 0.0000004 0.00008 4.19850 0.1006 0.00850 0h5M 0.00195 97.84693 0.1006 0.19813 0.000008782 0.2033 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0051681 0.0000226 0.6418965 25.25044 2.54212

326 22A51 0.5h 1.44436 0.00015 0.1 0.00152 0.005 0.0000076 0.00173 86.79449 0.1002 0.17645 0.0268468 0.0001176 3.33445 326 22A52 0.5h 0.63813 0.00007 0.2 0.00034 0.005 0.0000017 0.00039 19.60815 0.1002 0.03986 326 22A53 0.5h 0.92930 0.00010 1 0.00010 0.005 0.0000005 0.00011 5.63990 0.1002 0.01147 22A 0.00224 112.04254 0.1002 0.22778 0.000008747 0.2033 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 U0.0244825 U0.0001073 U3.0407953 25.25044 U12.04254

326 22B51 1.5h 1.23972 0.00013 0.1 0.00131 0.005 0.0000065 0.00149 74.64329 0.1003 0.15175 0.0515502 0.0002258 6.40268 326 22B52 1.5h 0.68720 0.00007 0.2 0.00037 0.005 0.0000018 0.00042 21.03505 0.1003 0.04276 326 22B53 1.5h 0.53006 0.00006 1 0.00006 0.005 0.0000003 0.00007 3.28055 0.1003 0.00667 22B5 0.00198 98.95889 0.1003 0.20118 0.000008756 0.2033 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0021166 0.0000093 0.2628840 25.25044 1.04111

326 22C51 2.5h 1.36319 0.00014 0.1 0.00143 0.005 0.0000072 0.00164 82.00409 0.1002 0.16671 0.0365857 0.0001603 4.54405 326 22C52 2.5h 0.68191 0.00007 0.2 0.00037 0.005 0.0000018 0.00042 20.89992 0.1002 0.04249 326 22C53 2.5h 0.80340 0.00009 1 0.00009 0.005 0.0000004 0.00010 4.89692 0.1002 0.00996 22C 0.00215 107.80093 0.1002 0.21916 0.000008747 0.2033 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 U0.0158593 U0.0000695 U1.9697697 25.25044 U7.80093

326 22D51 3.5h 1.21800 0.00013 0.1 0.00128 0.005 0.0000064 0.00147 73.36274 0.1003 0.14915 0.0541535 0.0002373 6.72602 326 22D52 3.5h 0.74637 0.00008 0.2 0.00040 0.005 0.0000020 0.00046 22.77922 0.1003 0.04631 326 22D53 3.5h 0.74030 0.00008 1 0.00008 0.005 0.0000004 0.00009 4.52001 0.1003 0.00919 22D 0.00201 100.66197 0.1003 0.20465 0.000008756 0.2033 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 U0.0013458 U0.0000059 U0.16715 25.25044 U0.66197

326 22E51 5h 1.23185 0.00013 0.1 0.00130 0.005 0.0000065 0.00148 74.25329 0.1002 0.15096 0.0523431 0.0002293 6.50116 326 22E52 5h 0.59676 0.00006 0.2 0.00032 0.005 0.0000016 0.00037 18.38729 0.1002 0.03738 326 22E53 5h 0.66877 0.00007 1 0.00007 0.005 0.0000004 0.00008 4.10241 0.1002 0.00834 22E 0.00193 96.74298 0.1002 0.19668 0.000008747 0.2033 228.2500 0.00089 10.00 2834.93000 0.00353 0.0066215 0.0000290 0.82241 25.25044 3.25702

y= 9686.5 x U0.0264