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The Roman Antiquities of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, with an English

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The Roman Antiquities of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, with an English THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMBS LOBB, LL.D. EDITED BY tT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L. A. POST, M.A. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a. THE ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF DIONYSIUS OF HALIGARNASSUS III .LGv THE ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY EARNEST GARY, Ph.D. ON THE BASIS OF THE VERSION OF EDWARD SPELMAN IN SEVEN VOLUMES III CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MCMXL S3 .5 Printed in Oreat Britain CONTENTS PAQB BOOK V 1 BOOK VI (cHS. 1-48) 238 INDEX 385 THE ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS VOL. III. AIONY2IOY AAIKAPNASEaS PQMAIKHS APXAIOAOriAS AOrOS HEMHTOS I. 'H {lev 817 Pacrt,XiK7j 'PojfjLaiojv TToXtreia, Sia/xetVaaa [xera top oiKiafiov rrjs 'Pcofirjs ircbv Terrdpcov Kal rerrapaKovra Kal BiaKocrtcov dpiO' jxov, €774 Se rov reXevraiov jSacnAecu? rvpamfls ycvofJLevr], Sid ravras rds 7rpo(f)daeLS Kal vtto TOVTcov KareXvOr] rcbv dvSpdJv, oXviXTTidSos pi€.v oyhoT]'; Kal c^rjKoarijs ivecrrwcrrjs , rjv iviKa ardSiov 'Icrp^d/na;^©? KporcurtarT^S', Ad'qvrjat 8e 2 rrjv evLavaLov dpx'^v exovros ^laayopov. dpiaro- Kparias Se yevofjLcinrjg ol TTpwrot, ttjv ^aaiXLKrjV dpx'fjv TTapaXa^ovres vnaroL rerrdpcov fjLrjvcov els rov iviavTOV eKelvov eTTiXenrofievcov AevKLos ^lovvLog BpouTO? Kal AevKtos TapKvvios KoA- Xarlvos, ovs KoXovai 'PcujU-aiot Kard ttjv iavrcov hidXcKTOV oiUTTcp e^Tji/ rrpo^ovXovg, eripovs Trapa- Xa^ovres ttoXXovs eXdovrcov els ttjv ttoXlv rdjv (iTTo arparoTTeSov fierd rds arrovbds rds yevo- fievas avToXs irpos *Kphedras, oXlyats varepov THE ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS BOOK V ,i I. The Roman monarchy therefore, after having continued for the space of two hundred and forty-four years from the founding of Rome and having under the last king become a tyranny, was overthrown for the reasons stated and by the men named, at the beginning of the sixty-eighth Olympiad ^ (the one in which Ischomachus of Croton won the foot-race), Isagoras being the annual archon at Athens. An aristocracy being now established, while there still remained about four months to complete that year, Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Colla- tinus were the first consuls invested with the royal power ; the Romans, as I have said,^ call them in their own language consules or " counsellors." These men, associating with themselves many others, now that the soldiers from the camp had come to the city after the truce they had made with the Ardeates, 1 Gf. Livy i. 60, 3 f. ^ 507 B.C. For Dionysius' chronology seo Vol. I., pp. xxix. fif. 8 iv. 76, 2. b2 DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS rjixepais t7]s eK^oXrjs toO rvpdvvov avyKaXe- aavres rov Srjfxov els eKKXriaiav koI ttoXXovs VTTep ojJiovoias Xoyovs TTOLrjadfjievoL ifj-q(f)taixd re TTaXiv €7T€Kvpa)aav erepov, nepl (Lv ol Kara ttoXlv ovres rrporepov e'JT€ip'rj(f)laavTO^ (f)V'yrjv TapKVviots 3 im^aXovres di^Lov /cat /xera rovro Kadap- pLOVS rrjs TToXecos TTOcrjadp^evoL /cat opKia rep,6vres avTOL re TrpcoroL aravres ctti rwv rop,icov (jopx>aav koI rovs dXXovs TToXiras eireLaav ofioaai,, jirj Kard^eiv arro rrjg ^vyris jSacrtAea TapKVviov p,rjre rovs TratSa? avrov fX'jre rovs i^ e/cetVcuv yevT]aoiX€VOVS, ^aaiXda re rrjs 'Pcopbaiajv TToXecos pLrjKeri, Kara- arrjaetv p,7]6eva ixrjSe rols Kadtardvai ^ovXofxivois eTTirpe^eiv. ravra p.ev irepi eavrujv re /cat rajv reKvcov Kal rov jxed^ eavrovs yevovs cojxoaav. 4 eiTeihri he ttoXXiov koI p,eydXojv dyadcov alrioi yeyovevac^ rols kolvoZs TTpdypuaaiv eho^av ol ^aaiXels, <f)vXdrreLV rowo/xa rrjs dpxrjs oaov av rj rroXis Siapievr] y^povov ^ovXap^evoL, rovs Lepo(f>avras re /cat oloivofidvreis eKeXevaav d-no- Setfai rov emrrihetorarov rdJv rrpea^vrepcov, OS ovSevos r]p.eXXev e^eiv erepov TrXrjv rwv rrepi rd Oela ae^aapLcbv rrju rrpoaraaiav, aTrdarjs Xeirovp- yias TToXepiLKrjs Kal TToXiriKrjs dt^eip^evos, lepcov KaXovjJLevos jSaaiAevj. Kal Kadiararai rrpaJros leptov ^aaiXevs Mai^tos" YlaTripios iK rdJv narpiKLajv dvrjp rjav^Las (f)tXos. II. 'Q.S 8e Karear'qcravro ravra, Beiaavres, ws ifJLol SoKei, fxr) So^a rot? ttoXXoIs eyyevrjraL TTept, rrjs Kaivfjs TToXireias ovk dXrjdijs, on hvo ^ eiTeiln)<f)iaavTO B : fifirftpiaain-o A , 2 yeyovevai (or yevdadai) Reiske : yevd/xevoi 0. BOOK V. 1, 2-2, 1 called an assembly of the people a few days after the expulsion of the tyrant, and having spoken at length upon the advantages of harmony, again caused them to pass another vote confirming everything which those in the city had previously voted when con- demning the Tarquinii to perpetual banishment. After this they performed rites of purification for the city and entered into a solemn covenant; and they themselves, standing over the parts of the victims, first swore, and then prevailed upon the rest of the citizens likewise to swear, that they would never restore from exile King Tarquinius or his sons or their posterity, and that they would never again make any- one king of Rome or permit others who wished it to do so ; and this oath they took not only for themselves, but also for their children and their posterity. How- ever, since it appeared that the kings had been the authors of many great advantages to the common- wealth, they desired to preserve the name of that office for as long a time as the city should endure, and accordingly they ordered the pontiffs and augurs to choose from among the older men the most suitable one for the office, who should have the superinten- dence of religious observances and of naught else, being exempt from all military and civil duties, and should be called the king of sacred rites.^ The first person appointed to this office was Manius Papirius, one of the patricians, who was a lover of peace and quiet. II. After 2 the consuls had settled these matters, fearing, as I suspect, that the masses might gain a false impression of their new form of government and ^ rex sacrorum or rex sacrificulua ; cf. Livy 11. 2, 1 f. 2 (7/. Livy 11. 1,8. DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS ^aaiXeis Kvpioi yeyovaai ttjs ttoXcojs dvO* ivos CKarepov rcov VTrdrcov rovs SojSe/ca TreAeVei? e-)(ovros, wcfirep elxov ol ^aatAet?, eKpivav to T€ Sdos d<j)€XeadaL rcov ttoXltoju Kal rijs e^ovaias fieicoaai tov (f>66vov, rod fxev erepov rcov VTrdrcov rovs BdoScKa Karard^avres TTporjyeladai,^ TreAe- K€ts, rov 8' irepov Sc68e/ca vn-qperas pd^Sovs exovras fxovov, d)s Be rives laropovcn, Kal Kopvvas, yiveadai he rcov TreXeKeojv rrjv rrapdX'qipiv €k TTeptrpoTTrjs eva fMrjva Kare^ovros avrovs cKarepov 2 TTapaXXd^. rovro Br] ro TtoXirevfia Karaarrj- adp-evoL Kal dXXa rovrois Tra/aaTrAi^aia ovk oXiya^ TTpodvfiov eTToirjaav els rrjv BiaiJiovrjv rcov TrpayfJidrcDV rov Brjfjiorrjv Kal raneivov oxXov. Kal yap rovs v6p,ovs rovs irepl rcov avpL^oXaicov rovs vtto TvXXiov ypa^evras (fx-X- avOpcoTTOVS Kal BrjpioriKOVS elvai BoKovvras, ovs drravras KareXvae TapKvvtos, dvevecoaavro Kal rds dvalas rds re Kara rroXiv Kal rds eiTL rcov dypcov, as eTTOiovvro kolvcos crvviovres ol BrjfioraL re Kal ol (fivXerai, ttoXw ttpocrera^av eTnreXeiadai, * d)S em TuAAtou avvereXovvro- e/c/cAr^ona^eir re avrols direBoaav VTrep rcov fieyicrrcov Kal ipij(f)ov eTTi,(f>epeiv Kal rdXXa Trpdrreiv, oaa Kara 3 rovs vporepovs ediafiovs errparrov. rots fiev ovv TToXXoXs Kad* r)Bovr)v rd yivofxeva vn avrcov "^v CK TToXvxpovLov BovXeias els dveXniarov d^iyyievois eXevdepiav, evpedt)oav Be rives i^ avrojv ofxcos ols ttoBos '^v rcov ev rvpavviBt, KaKcov Bl evrjdeiav tj Bid TrXeove^iav, dvBpes ovk d<l)avels, * irporiytiaOai Schnelle : riyeiadai O. BOOK V. 2, 1-3 imagine that two kings had become masters of the state instead of one, since each of the consuls had the twelve axes, like the kings, they resolved to quiet the fears of the citizens and to lessen the hatred of their power by ordering that one of the consuls should be preceded by the twelve axes and the other by twelve lictors with rods only, or, as some relate, with clubs also, and that they should receive the axes in rotation, each consul possessing them in turn for one month. By this and not a few other measures of like nature they caused the plebeians and the lower class to be eager for a continuance of the existing order. For they restored the laws introduced by Tullius con- cerning contracts, which seemed to be humane and democratic, but had all been abrogated by Tar- quinius ; they also ordered that the sacrifices both in the city and in the country, which the members of the pagi and of the tribes, assembling together, used to offer up in common, should be performed once more as they had been performed in the reign of Tullius ; and they restored to the people the right of holding assemblies concerning affairs of the greatest moment, of giving their votes, and of doing all the other things they had been wont to do according to former custom. These acts of the consuls pleased the masses, who had come out of long slavery into unexpected liberty ; nevertheless, there were found among them some, and these no obscure persons, who from either simplicity or greed longed for the evils existing under a tyranny, and these formed a * Koi aAAa . ovK 6\lya placed after KaTaarriadixevoi by Portus : after oxXov (2 lines below) in 0. * eVifATjota^eiv Reiske : fKKXrjaiav 0. 7 DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS ot, avvojfioaav cttl TrpoSoaia rrjs ttoXccos Tap- Kvviov re KaraSe^aadai avvdefievoi. Kal rovs VTTarovs anoKTelvaL. rjycfxoves S' avrcov olrives iyevovro /cat St' ota? i^T^XdyxOrjaav aveXvLarov ovvrvx^as Kavroi Trdvras dvOpcoirovs XeXrjOevai boKovvres, puKpa.
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