RENAULT CLASSIC LES CAHIERS PASSION RENAULT 5 – 40 ANS 01 a Child of the Sixties

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RENAULT CLASSIC LES CAHIERS PASSION RENAULT 5 – 40 ANS 01 a Child of the Sixties RENAULT CLASSIC LES CAHIERS PASSION RENAULT 5 – 40 ANS 01 A CHILD OF THE SIXTIES The world was changing. In the sudden and massive social move- 1960s, American youth showed a ment, would be left in bewilderment. less civilized side than the post-war generation: it challenged, and even called into question the legacy of a One man, at Renault, definitely did consumer society and American Way come to terms with this shift: of Live established as life style Bernard Hanon. As a graduate from models at the time. Openness to Columbia, expatriated for a while other cultures and the need for with Renault Incorporated, the U.S. emancipation drove it to imagine a subsidiary of the Company, he counter-culture, closer to nature and became a professor of management well-being: we wanted to be hip, in at the University of New York. In other words casual, and trendy, with contact with his students, he disco- it, advocate equality of the sexes vered that these young people were and dream of universal brotherhood. so dissatisfied with society that, While the most "hip" became before long, it might no longer be (1968) - show that the brand was in the good idea of creating a range, hippies, the most vehement did not the model. Upon his return to France the process of building a line around this set of products that was to hesitate to criticize the intervention in 1966, to take charge of planning the emergence of the middle class, allow Renault to "propose a car on in Vietnam and to condemn racial at Renault, including developments but also developing the new idea of every step of the staircase", i.e. a segregation. This youth turned away in automotive markets and their the car for life and living, working car meeting the rapid development from the God Save America right- segmentation, he contributed his and holidays, weekdays and of the inherently plural and different thinking values in favour of the fiery lessons learned and shared his expe- weekends, city and country, or even middle class post-war boom. speeches of Malcolm X and Martin rience, evoking what seemed to him the new geographical entity, the In addition a unique, more off-beat Luther King. Its music was no longer to be a probable transformation, and suburbs. Pierre Dreyfus and Yves than anti-establishment yet that of Frank Sinatra or Elvis Presley, perhaps a genuine substantive Georges listened attentively to resolutely anti-conformist product, but rather the folk of Bob Dylan and change. His good fortune was to be Bernard Hanon, the one known as had to be daringly imagined so as Joan Baez distilling protest songs at Renault, a company open to the the American of Billancourt, whose not to clash with the clientele. This on rhythm guitars. This America was world and attentive to developments forward-looking analyses overlapped idea, based on what appeared in the ferment of protest movements in society. On this point, Renault had with changing automotive needs, 1966 to be a hunch on a societal that were to mark the year 1968 been at the forefront for years, more structural changes where new shift, was combined with economic throughout the world, from the through its CEO, Pierre Dreyfus, and populations emerge such as women analyses that highlighted two struc- Columbia University strike to the Director of Studies, Yves Georges, and young people. tural changes in European markets: march on Washington, and from the by making the adaptation of its cars firstly, there was the emergence of Prague spring to the uprising in Paris to sociological changes a real the second car, and secondly the in May 1968. Many politicians, who strength. The Renault 4 (1961) and According to Bernard Hanon, it was rise of youth and in particular failed to assess the premises of this Renault 16 (1965) - then Renault 6 not enough to simply continue with women to car ownership. 2 ] 01 Fille DE MAI 68 Le monde change. Au cœur des prémisses, bien des hommes politiques - montrent que la marque est en train gamme, cet ensemble de produits qui années 1960, la jeunesse américaine vont s’étonner d’un mouvement de de bâtir une gamme autour de l’émer- permettra à Renault de « proposer montre un visage moins policé que la société si soudain et si vaste. gence des classes moyennes, mais une voiture à chaque marche de génération d’après-guerre : elle surtout de développer l’idée nouvelle l’escalier », autrement dit une voiture conteste, allant jusqu’à remettre en de la voiture à vivre, celle du travail et répondant au développement rapide cause l’héritage d’une société de Un homme chez Renault a bel et bien des congés, de la semaine et des week- de ces classes moyennes des Trente consommation et d’un American Way pris conscience de l’existence de ce ends, de la ville et des campagnes et Glorieuses, intrinsèquement plurielles basculement : il s’agit de Bernard Hanon. of Live alors érigés comme modèles mieux encore de sa nouvelle entité et différentes. Il faut en plus oser de mode de vie. L’ouverture à d’autres Diplômé de Columbia, un temps expa- géographique, la banlieue. Pierre imaginer un produit singulier, plus cultures et le besoin d’émancipation trié au sein de Renault Incorporated, Dreyfus et Yves Georges écoutent avec décalé que contestataire pour ne pas la poussent à imaginer une contre- la filiale américaine de la Régie, il est attention Bernard Hanon, celui que l’on heurter la clientèle, mais toutefois culture, plus près de la nature et du devenu professeur de gestion à l’uni- surnomme l’Américain de Billancourt, résolument anticonformiste. Cette bien-être : on souhaite être hype, c’est- versité de New York. Au contact de ses dont les analyses prospectives mêlent idée, fondée sur ce qui semble en à-dire décontracté, branché, dans le étudiants, il a découvert le mal-être de à l’évolution des besoins automobiles, 1966 une intuition d’un changement coup, prôner une égalité des sexes et ces jeunes, au point de sonder l’ampleur des changements plus structurels où rêver d’une fraternité universelle. Si de la remise en cause d’une société émergent des populations nouvelles sociétal, se double d’analyses écono- les plus hypes deviennent des hippies, qui pourrait bientôt ne plus être le comme les femmes et les jeunes. miques qui mettent en relief deux les plus véhéments n’hésitent pas à modèle. Rentré en France en 1966, évolutions structurelles des marchés critiquer l’intervention au Vietnam et pour s’occuper de la planification au européens : il y a d’abord l’émergence à condamner la ségrégation raciale. sein de Renault, notamment des évolu- À écouter Bernard Hanon, il ne faut de la seconde voiture, ensuite Cette jeunesse se détourne des valeurs tions des marchés automobiles et de pas se contenter de poursuivre la l’accession des jeunes et plus forte- bien pensantes du God save America leur segmentation, il apporte son vécu - bonne - idée de la constitution d’une ment des femmes à l’automobile. pour les discours enflammés de et livre son expérience, évoquant ce Malcom X et de Martin Luther King. qui ressemble pour lui à une probable Sa musique n’est plus celle de Frank mutation, peut-être à un vrai change- Sinatra ou d’Elvis Presley, mais le folk ment de fond. Sa chance est d’être de Bob Dylan et de Joan Baez qui chez Renault, une entreprise ouverte distille sur des guitares rythmées des sur le monde, attentive aux évolutions couplets engagés. Cette Amérique est de société. Sur ce point, Renault est à le ferment des mouvements contes- la pointe depuis des années, grâce à tataires qui vont marquer l’année 1968, son président, Pierre Dreyfus, et son partout dans le monde, de la grève de directeur des études, Yves Georges, et l’Université de Columbia à la marche fait de l’adaptation de ses voitures aux de Washington, du printemps de mutations sociologiques une véritable Prague aux événements de mai 68. force. Les Renault 4 (1961) et Renault Faute d’avoir su en mesurer les 16 (1965) - bientôt Renault 6 (1968) > Bernard Hanon - 1983 [ 3 01 A CHILD OF THE SIXTIES Hanon was specific on this point: "the made the marketing department friendly". The car adopted attractive the 122 was a coach, i.e. a genuine structure of household life has choose another name, and move on rounded shapes, inspiring a well- sales risk for a French market which completely changed: the wife works, to the number 5. targeted softness: "We have made had always rejected the two-door she travels, and she now obviously a small object with gentle shapes, vehicles. The 122 therefore became needs a small multi-purpose vehicle." in keeping with feminine aesthetics". a battle. Retailers, always on the This challenged established ideas: The 122 was first and foremost a The designers went as far as remo- lookout for "what sells on the same while Renault was shedding its skin by style, or at least the stroke of a ving the bumper which ruined the day, or at most the next day" were building a range which leaned towards pencil. A designer, from the style overall line. They picked up on the the most fervently against it, deman- medium-sized cars (Renault 6 and boss Gaston Juchet's team, hit the new idea of polyester bumpers, in ding a four-door vehicle. Could four Renault 12) and larger (Renault 16), target: Michel Boué drafted the lines preparation for the next coupés 15 doors be put on a coach, without Bernard Hanon dared to put the small for the 122.
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