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												CE 1 BA a SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL Issued by the ESCUELA AGRICOLA PANAMERICANA LOUIS O
CE 1 BA A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ISSuED BY THE ESCUELA AGRICOLA PANAMERICANA LOUIS O. WILLIAMS, EDITOR 'fEGUCfG 1 LPA. HONDURAS OCTOHEfl :11. l"i6====VO= '-=· =5 =· N=.=:o~. 't AN ENUMERATION OF THE ORCHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA, BRITISH HONDURAS AND PANAMA Lours O. \VILUA:\1S ( Continuation.) EPIDE DRUM ONCIDIOIDES var. MooREANUM (Rolfe) AHS. in Bot. Nius. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: 106. 1935. E pidendrum M ooreanurn Rolfe in Kew Bull. 199. 1891. Encyclia Mooreana Schltr., Orch. 210. 1914. Encyclia Ton,duziana Schltr. in Fedde Rep. Beih. 19: 132. 1923. Encyclia Brenesii Schltr., l. c. 221. Encyclia onci.dioides var. M ooreana Hochne in Arq. Bot. Est. S. Paulo n. s. 2: 151. 1952. Costa Rica and Panama. EPIDENDRUM ONCIDIOIDES var. RAMONE SE (Rei,chb. f. ) AHS. in Bot. M u . Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: 103. 1935. Epidendrurn ramonense R eichb. f. , Beitr. Orch. Cent. Am. 81. 1866. 130 CEIBA VoL. 5 Encyclia ramonensis Schltr. in Beih. Bot. Ccntralbl. 36, Abt. 2: 473. 1918. Encyclia Powellii Schltr. in Feddc Rep. Bcih. 17: 46. 1922. Encyclia oncidioides var. mmonensis Hoehnc in Arq. Bot. Est. S. Paulo n. s. 2: 153. 1952. I can find little if any reason for the separation of \·ars. ramonense and gTavidum. Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama. EPTDENDRUJ\1 ÜTTONIS Reichb. f. in Hamb. Gartenz. 14: 213. 1853. Nidema Ottonis Brit.. & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 94. 1920. Nidenw Boothii var. triandrum Schltr. in Fedde R p. Bcih. 1 7: 43. 1922. \Vest Indies, Nicaragua, Panama and South Arnerica. EPIDENDRUM PAJITE SE C. Schweinf. in Bot. Mu . Leafl. Harv. Univ. - 
												
												Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants As Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities
biomolecules Review Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants as Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities Ari Satia Nugraha 1,* , Bawon Triatmoko 1 , Phurpa Wangchuk 2 and Paul A. Keller 3,* 1 Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; [email protected] 3 School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.S.N.); [email protected] (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.) Received: 17 December 2019; Accepted: 21 January 2020; Published: 24 January 2020 Abstract: This is an extensive review on epiphytic plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. It provides information on 185 epiphytes and their traditional medicinal uses, regions where Indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines and their preparation, and their reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological properties aligned with their traditional uses. These epiphytic medicinal plants are able to produce a range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, and a total of 842 phytochemicals have been identified to date. As many as 71 epiphytic medicinal plants were studied for their biological activities, showing promising pharmacological activities, including as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. There are several species that were not investigated for their activities and are worthy of exploration. - 
												
												Bonpland and Humboldt Specimens, Field Notes, and Herbaria; New Insights from a Study of the Monocotyledons Collected in Venezuela
Bonpland and Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela Fred W. Stauffer, Johann Stauffer & Laurence J. Dorr Abstract Résumé STAUFFER, F. W., J. STAUFFER & L. J. DORR (2012). Bonpland and STAUFFER, F. W., J. STAUFFER & L. J. DORR (2012). Echantillons de Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study Bonpland et Humboldt, carnets de terrain et herbiers; nouvelles perspectives of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela. Candollea 67: 75-130. tirées d’une étude des monocotylédones récoltées au Venezuela. Candollea In English, English and French abstracts. 67: 75-130. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. The monocotyledon collections emanating from Humboldt and Les collections de Monocotylédones provenant des expéditions Bonpland’s expedition are used to trace the complicated ways de Humboldt et Bonpland sont utilisées ici pour retracer les in which botanical specimens collected by the expedition were cheminements complexes des spécimens collectés lors returned to Europe, to describe the present location and to de leur retour en Europe. Ces collections sont utilisées pour explore the relationship between specimens, field notes, and établir la localisation actuelle et la composition d’importants descriptions published in the multi-volume “Nova Genera et jeux de matériel associés à ce voyage, ainsi que pour explorer Species Plantarum” (1816-1825). Collections in five European les relations existantes entre les spécimens, les notes de terrain herbaria were searched for monocotyledons collected by et les descriptions parues dans les divers volumes de «Nova the explorers. In Paris, a search of the Bonpland Herbarium Genera et Species Plantarum» (1816-1825). - 
												
												Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae. - 
												
												Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong. - 
												
												Comparative Anatomy of the Roots in Development of Nine Epiphytes Monocots from Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Brazilian Journal of Development 95629 Comparative anatomy of the roots in development of nine epiphytes monocots from Brazilian Atlantic Forest Anatomia comparada das raízes em desenvolvimento de nove monocotiledôneas epífitas da Mata Atlântica Brasileira DOI:10.34117/bjdv6n12-159 Recebimento dos originais:09/11/2020 Aceitação para publicação:08/12/2020 Samara Colaoto Tessaro Doutoranda em Biologia Comparada pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada Instituição: Universidade Estadual de Maringá Endereço: Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, bloco G80, Maringá, PR, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Rafael de Oliveira Franca Doutor em Biologia Comparada pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada Instituição: Universidade Estadual de Maringá Endereço: Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Maringá, PR, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Káthia Socorro Mathias Mourão Doutora em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituição: Universidade Estadual de Maringá Endereço: Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, bloco G80, Maringá, PR, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study describes and compares root anatomical adaptations in nine monocots: Orchidaceae (Brasiliorchis chrysantha, Gomesa flexuosa, Isochilus linearis, Leptotes bicolor and Trichocentrum pumilum), Bromeliaceae - 
												
												Catálogo De Las Orquídeas De Algunos Bosques De Aguazul
CAPÍTULO 5 CATÁLOGO DE LAS ORQUÍDEAS DE ALGUNOS BOSQUES DE AGUAZUL MANRIQUE-VALDERRAMA, NAISLA TATIANA1, 2, GIL-LEGUIZAMÓN, PABLO ANDRÉS1, ARÉVALO-CAMARGO, JUAN DAVID1, 3, MORALES-PUENTES, MARÍA EUGENIA1, FARFÁN CAMARGO, JULIÁN CAMILO 4 1 Grupo Sistemática Biológica (SisBio), Herbario UPTC, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Boyacá. 2 Grupo Sistemática Biológica (SisBio), Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. 3 Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva del Comportamiento. Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad de Chile. 4 Independiente. INTRODUCCIÓN Las epífitas (griego epi=“sobre”, phyte= “planta”) son plantas que crecen sobre otras plantas, adheridas principalmente a troncos, ramas de árboles y arbustos (Granados, López, Hernández & Sánchez, 2003). Se encuentran en casi todos los ambientes, excepto en lugares muy perturbados y contaminados. Dichas plantas, en los bosques tropicales contribuyen con el 25% de las especies, y representan hasta la mitad de la abundancia (Wolf, 1994), siendo significativos por la biomasa que acumulan (Benzing, 1990). Las epífitas son importantes en el ciclo de nutrientes y desempeñan una signi- ficativa influencia sobre la fauna, ya que proveen refugio y alimento a insectos, ácaros, crustáceos, moluscos, anfibios e incluso pequeños mamíferos (Gravendeel, Smithson, Sliki & Schuiteman, 2004; Wolf, 2003). Los hábitos de crecimiento de las epífitas han implicado una serie de relaciones adaptativas, estrechamente vinculados con sistemas de polinización especializados (Gravendeel, Smithson, Sliki & Schuiteman, 2004). De este modo, las epifitas crecen lentamente y tardan años en florecer. Sin embargo, estas plantas en condiciones climáticas extremas, como en los períodos secos pronunciados, igualmente, puede no darse la floración, razón por la cual diseña formas de multiplicarse o reproducirse; algunas epífitas desarrollaron estra- tegias de reproducción asexual, necesarias para el florecimiento en condiciones desfavorables (Granados et al., 2003). - 
												
												Common Epiphytes and Lithophytes of BELIZE 1 Bruce K
Common Epiphytes and Lithophytes of BELIZE 1 Bruce K. Holst, Sally Chambers, Elizabeth Gandy & Marilynn Shelley1 David Amaya, Ella Baron, Marvin Paredes, Pascual Garcia & Sayuri Tzul2 1Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 2 Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Botanical Garden © Marie Selby Bot. Gard. ([email protected]), Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Bot. Gard. ([email protected]). Photos by David Amaya (DA), Ella Baron (EB), Sally Chambers (SC), Wade Coller (WC), Pascual Garcia (PG), Elizabeth Gandy (EG), Bruce Holst (BH), Elma Kay (EK), Elizabeth Mallory (EM), Jan Meerman (JM), Marvin Paredes (MP), Dan Perales (DP), Phil Nelson (PN), David Troxell (DT) Support from the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Jungle Lodge, and many more listed in the Acknowledgments [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [1179] version 1 11/2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS long the eastern slopes of the Andes and in Brazil’s Atlantic P. 1 ............. Epiphyte Overview Forest biome. In these places where conditions are favorable, epiphytes account for up to half of the total vascular plant P. 2 .............. Epiphyte Adaptive Strategies species. Worldwide, epiphytes account for nearly 10 percent P. 3 ............. Overview of major epiphytic plant families of all vascular plant species. Epiphytism (the ability to grow P. 6 .............. Lesser known epiphytic plant families as an epiphyte) has arisen many times in the plant kingdom P. 7 ............. Common epiphytic plant families and species around the world. (Pteridophytes, p. 7; Araceae, p. 9; Bromeliaceae, p. In Belize, epiphytes are represented by 34 vascular plant 11; Cactaceae, p. 15; p. Gesneriaceae, p. 17; Orchida- families which grow abundantly in many shrublands and for- ceae, p. - 
												
												173 Удк 582.594.2:581.4 Сучасні Погляди На Екологічну Спеціалізацію Родини Orchi
СУЧАСНІ ПОГЛЯДИ НА ЕКОЛОГІЧНУ СПЕЦІАЛІЗАЦІЮ РОДИНИ ORCHIDACEAE JUSS. 173 Biol. Stud. 2011: 5(1); 173–188 • DOI: https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.0501.137 www.http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology УДК 582.594.2:581.4 СУЧАСНІ ПОГЛЯДИ НА ЕКОЛОГІЧНУ СПЕЦІАЛІЗАЦІЮ РОДИНИ ORCHIDACEAE JUSS. Л. І. Буюн Національний ботанічний сад ім. М. М. Гришка НАН України вул. Тімірязєвська, 1, Київ 01014, Україна e-mail: [email protected] У статті наведено огляд публікацій, присвячених екологічним особливостям орхідних, насамперед, епіфітизму та структурно-функціональним адаптаціям епі- фітів, обумовленим цим способом життя, а також взаємозв’язку із грибами-міко- ризоутворювачами. З’ясування цих питань є теоретичним підґрунтям для інтер- претації результатів експериментальних досліджень тропічних орхідних за умов оранжерейної культури з метою збереження ex situ. Ключові слова: Orchidaceae, екологічна спеціалізація, епіфітизм, життєві стратегії, адаптація, екологічна ніша. ВСТУП Родина Orchidaceae, яка налічує близько 25 тисяч видів [29], об’єднаних у п’ять під родин [65], є однією з найчисленніших серед квіткових рослин. Надзвичайно складний і тривалий життєвий цикл орхідей, включаючи їхню вза- ємодію з грибами-мікоризоутворювачами і високоспеціалізованими запилювачами, робить їх дуже вразливими до змін клімату і наслідків діяльності людини [10, 11]. Розуміння складного характеру цієї взаємодії є надзвичайно суттєвим для ор- ганізації системи природоохоронних заходів, включаючи проекти з інтродукції та реінтродукції [34, 77]. Метою цієї статті є аналіз публікацій, присвячених екологічним особливостям орхідних, передусім тропічних представників родини Orchidaceae, які відзначають- ся значно ширшим спектром життєвих стратегій порівняно з видами помірних ши- рот, а отже, і значно сильніше потерпають від глобальної деградації вологих тро- пічних лісів, що є первинними місцями зростання орхідних. - 
												
												16. Chapter 5.Pdf
CHAPTER 5 - PHYTOCHEMISTRY 5.1. INTRODUCTION Traditional systems of medicine are having a vogue for centuries all over the world. According to Ekor (2014), 80% of the world population still depending on herbal products for their primary health care. However, after industrialization, there was a boon for synthetic drugs and rapid expansion of allopathic medicinal system took place. In the current scenario due to high toxicity of market drugs as well as gradual increase in the resistance power of pathogens in many diseases (e.g. malaria, cancer, tuberculosis etc.) and lack of medicines for many chronic ailments have led to re-emergence of the herbal medicine, with lots of possible treatments for many health problems (Cui and Su, 2009; Chaudhary and Singh, 2011). Consequently, the use of plant-based medicines has been increasing all over the world. According to an estimate 20,000 plant species out of 2,50,000 species are in use as medicines all over the world (Ramawat and Mérillon, 2008). असंबाधंब鵍यतोमानवानांययाउ饍वतःप्रवतःसमंबहु। नानावीयााओषधीयााबबभर्तपा थृ िवीनःप्रितांरा鵍यतांनः॥ Mother earth extends unimpeded freedom (both outer and inner) to human beings through her mountains, slopes and plains. She bears many plants and medicinal herbs of various potencies to make us healthy (Prakash, 1992). Since the beginning of mankind, people were relied on the different plants for food (fruits, flowers, leaves, vegetables, tubers, rhizomes), shelter (trunk, wood, branches), clothes (leaves and barks), poison for hunting, hallucinogenic agents and stimulant beverages. People use various flowers, frankincense and fruits in different rituals and social ceremonies (Fulekar, 2010). - 
												
												Seasonal Variation in the Diversity of Flowering Orchids at Santa Catarina Lachatao, Oaxaca, Mexico
Botanical Sciences 98(3): 573-584. 2020 Received: November 21, 2019, Accepted: March 28, 2020 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.2516 On line first: July 24, 2020 Taxonomy and Floristics / Taxonomía y Florística SEASONAL VARIATION IN THE DIVERSITY OF FLOWERING ORCHIDS AT SANTA CATARINA LACHATAO, OAXACA, MEXICO VARIACIÓN ESTACIONAL EN LA DIVERSIDAD DE ORQUÍDEAS EN FLORACIÓN EN SANTA CATARINA LACHATAO, OAXACA, MÉXICO ARELEE ESTEFANÍA MUÑOZ-HERNÁNDEZ1, ID DULCE MARÍA FIGUEROA-CASTRO1*, ÁLVARO CAMPOS-VILLANUEVA2 1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México. 2Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Veracruz, México *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: Orchidaceae represents around 7.1-8.52 % of the angiosperms known in the planet. In Mexico, orchids are the third family more diverse, and Oaxaca is the state with the highest richness in the country. Orchids are widely distributed in tropical environments, but they are also distributed in temperate forests, where they have been scarcely studied. Questions: What is the diversity of orchid species at the locality of Santa Catarina Lachatao? Which subfamilies and growth forms are distributed at that locality? Do the community of orchids flowers differentially between seasons? Studied species: Species of the Orchidaceae family. Study site and dates: Santa Catarina Lachatao, Oaxaca, 2017-2018. Methods: Orchids were collected monthly throughout a year. Collected specimens were identified. Richness, abundance and diversity index were estimated for the whole flowering community, and per subfamily and growth form. These parameters were compared between seasons. Results: The community of orchids was composed by 4,933 flowering individuals from 74 species from the subfamilies Epidendroideae and Orchidoideae. - 
												
												000502755100001.Pdf
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS DA UNICAMP REPOSITÓRIO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTIFICA E INTELECTUAL DA UNICAMP Versão do arquivo anexado / Version of attached file: Versão do Editor / Published Version Mais informações no site da editora / Further information on publisher's website: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.01447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01447 Direitos autorais / Publisher's copyright statement: ©2019 by Frontiers Research Foundation. All rights reserved. DIRETORIA DE TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Barão Geraldo CEP 13083-970 – Campinas SP Fone: (19) 3521-6493 http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 29 November 2019 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01447 First Record of Ategmic Ovules in Orchidaceae Offers New Insights Into Mycoheterotrophic Plants Mariana Ferreira Alves *, Fabio Pinheiro, Marta Pinheiro Niedzwiedzki and Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer * Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil The number of integuments found in angiosperm ovules is variable. In orchids, most species show bitegmic ovules, except for some mycoheterotrophic species that show ovules with only one integument. Analysis of ovules and the development of the seed coat provide important information regarding functional aspects such as dispersal and seed germination. This study aimed to analyze the origin and development of the seed coat of the mycoheterotrophic orchid Pogoniopsis schenckii and to compare this development with that of other photosynthetic species of the family. Flowers and Edited by: fruits at different stages of development were collected, and the usual methodology Jen-Tsung Chen, National University of Kaohsiung, for performing anatomical studies, scanning microscopy, and transmission microscopy Taiwan following established protocols.