DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Anatomy of the Roots in Development of Nine Epiphytes Monocots from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Brazilian Journal of Development 95629 Comparative anatomy of the roots in development of nine epiphytes monocots from Brazilian Atlantic Forest Anatomia comparada das raízes em desenvolvimento de nove monocotiledôneas epífitas da Mata Atlântica Brasileira DOI:10.34117/bjdv6n12-159 Recebimento dos originais:09/11/2020 Aceitação para publicação:08/12/2020 Samara Colaoto Tessaro Doutoranda em Biologia Comparada pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada Instituição: Universidade Estadual de Maringá Endereço: Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, bloco G80, Maringá, PR, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Rafael de Oliveira Franca Doutor em Biologia Comparada pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada Instituição: Universidade Estadual de Maringá Endereço: Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Maringá, PR, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Káthia Socorro Mathias Mourão Doutora em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituição: Universidade Estadual de Maringá Endereço: Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, bloco G80, Maringá, PR, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study describes and compares root anatomical adaptations in nine monocots: Orchidaceae (Brasiliorchis chrysantha, Gomesa flexuosa, Isochilus linearis, Leptotes bicolor and Trichocentrum pumilum), Bromeliaceae (Aechmea distichantha, Billbergia nutans and Vriesea flava) and Araceae (Philodendron propinquum) epiphytes in Parana state, Brazil. Orchidaceae and Bromeliaceae have velamen radicum. Evident exodermis and endodermis in all species, cortex in the Bromeliaceae divided in three parenchyma. The immature and mature regions of the roots are different between species. Anatomical characteristics of roots related to epiphytism, such as velamen, tilosome, thick exodermis and endodermis, tracheoid idioblasts, idioblasts with raphides and aerenchyma are presents. In species that grow in the sunniest strata, it was observed that the deposition of lignin in the cell wall of the exoderm and endoderm in "O" already occurs just above the differentiated region from the primary meristems. The number of strata of the velamen was higher in these species, reaffirming that the environmental pressure throughout the evolutionary process selected genotypes that are more resistant to conditions with less water availability. Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n.12, p.9562995650 dec. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 Brazilian Journal of Development 95630 Keywords: Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Monocots, Orchidaceae, Velamen. RESUMO Este estudo descreve e compara adaptações anatômicas radiculares em nove monocotiledôneas: Orchidaceae (Brasiliorchis chrysantha, Gomesa flexuosa, Isochilus linearis, Leptotes bicolor e Trichocentrum pumilum), Bromeliaceae (Aechmea distichantha, Billbergia nutans e Vriesea flava) e Araceae (Philodendron propinquum) epífitas do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Orchidaceae e Bromeliaceae apresentam velame. Exoderme e endoderme evidentes em todas as espécies, córtex nas Bromeliaceae divididos em três parênquimas. As regiões imaturas e maturas das raízes são diferentes entre as espécies. As características anatômicas das raízes relacionadas ao epifítismo presentes são: velame, tilossomo, exoderme e endoderme espessas, idiosblastos traqueoidais, idiosblastos com ráfides e aerênquima. Nas espécies que crescem nos estratos mais ensolarados, observou-se que a deposição de lignina na parede celular da exoderme e endoderme em "O" já ocorre pouco acima da região diferenciada a partir dos meristemas primários. O número de estratos do velame foi maior nessas espécies, reafirmando que a pressão ambiental ao longo do processo evolutivo selecionou genótipos mais resistentes a condições com menor disponibilidade hídrica. Palavras-chave: Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Monocotiledônes, Orchidaceae, Velame. 1 INTRODUCTION Epiphytes are commonly found in tropical rain forests (Kress 1986). Of the families represented by at least one habitually epiphytic species in the Neotropics, the Orchidaceae are by far the most important with ten times as many epiphytic neo-tropical species as runners-up Araceae and Bromeliaceae (Gentry & Dodson 1987). Orchidaceae comprise approximately 850 genera and 20,000 species (Dressler 1993). In Brazil, the family is represented by 250 genera and 2,760 species and is widespread throughout the country (Flora do Brasil 2020a, in construction). The species of this group have very specialized features that have allowed them to adapt to different environments; many grow in temperate regions, but they are most abundant and diverse in the tropics (Dressler 1981, 1993, Englert 2000). Bromeliaceae comprise 3,172 species and 58 genera, which are almost exclusively distributed in the Neotropics (Luther 2008). In Brazil there are 50 genera and 1,394 species (Flora do Brasil 2020b, in construction). The group is particularly suitable for epiphytic plant life, many species are endemic to certain habitats or regions, and species richness is greatest in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem (Smith & Downs 1974, Fontoura 1995, Luther 2008). Araceae comprise about 105 genera and over 3,500 species, which are distributed mainly in tropical regions and are mostly epiphytes (about 86%) (Croat 1998). In Brazil, the family is represented Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n.12, p.9562995650 dec. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 Brazilian Journal of Development 95631 by 47 genera and 519 species distributed throughout the country (Flora do Brasil 2020c, in construction). As in other monocots, the primary root or radicle of Araceae (Coelho 2000) and Bromeliaceae (Silva & Scatena 2011) has a short life, and in the adult plant the roots are adventitious and develop from stem tissues. In orchids, undifferentiated embryos form a polarized structure called a protocorm; the posterior extremity of the protocorm forms trichomes similar to the absorbent trichomes of roots, while adventitious roots are formed endogenously in the protocorm tissue (Silva & Milaneze-Gutierre 2004b). Thus, the anatomical descriptions of the adult roots of the species in these families are based on their adventitious roots, which may have a uniseriate epidermis, with a developed absorbent hair region (Tomlinson 1969), or a pluristratified epidermis that is the velamen (Pita & Menezes 2002, Segecin & Scatena 2004, Lobo et al. 2008). The thickness of the walls of the velamen and exodermis cells varies depending on the relative air humidity (Dycus & Knudson 1957). Benzing et al. (1982) reported that the walls of most velamen cells are thin and often have perforations that allow water passage, but that the walls of cells in the inner layer of the velamen are thick. Further, over each passage cell there is the fibrous body that condenses atmospheric moisture prior to its passage to the underlying absorbing cells (Benzing et al. 1982). Pridgeon et al. (1983) called the fibrous body a tilosome. The velamen and exodermis of Orchidaceae roots have been studied extensively. Most species of Orchidaceae have velamen with or without tilosomes, an exodermis with passage cells, and endodermis cells with U-shaped wall thickenings (Pridgeon et al. 1983, Stern et al. 2004). In addition, in the majority of species the root is a polyarch and the medulla is well developed (Oliveira & Sajo 1999). According to Oliveira (2011) the cortex of aerial roots of Araceae consists of parenchyma cells and may have intercellular spaces and a sheath (sclerenchymatous ring); the endodermis, which is formed by a layer of flat or cylindrical parenchyma cells, may exhibit secondary thickening; and in the central cylinder, the xylem and phloem are alternate and surrounded by fibers or can be lobed-shaped with the xylem and phloem in an alternate and radial arrangement. The cortex of the adventitious roots of Bromeliaceae is delimited by an exodermis and endodermis, with several layers of parenchyma cells, intermediated by a sclerotic cylinder (Krauss 1949, Tomlinson 1969). Lobo et al. (2008) have described that the cortex of the adventitious root of Dyckia brevifolia and D. distachya is composed of exodermis, parenchyma, interspersed with a sclerenchymal ring, and endodermis. Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n.12, p.9562995650 dec. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 Brazilian Journal of Development 95632 Zotz & Winkler (2013) highlighted the adaptive characters of epiphytic taxa in these families that are related to the environment in which these species grow, such as absorptive trichomes in bromeliads and the velamentous roots of aerial roots of orchids, aroids and other monocotyledons and the presence of impermeable layers that prevent loss of water after being absorbed by these structures. Given that many monocot families have epiphytic species, studies are needed to compare the anatomical adaptations of epiphytes belonging to different families native to the same location. In order to describe the anatomy of the roots of epiphytic species of the Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae and Araceae families that occur in the same vegetation formation and whose adaptive anatomical structures have long been described in the literature, we would like to answer with this study the following questions: 1) The number of layers of the velamen and exodermis can be related to the stratum in which the species is growing most often? Species common
Recommended publications
  • General Information Bromeliaceae Family

    General Information Bromeliaceae Family

    General Information Bromeliads are a unique and fascinating family of hundreds of extremely diversified and exotic plants, which are amazingly adaptable, tough and relatively easy to grow. People often say that Bromeliads thrive on neglect. The species can tolerate a huge variety of growing conditions including heat, light, air and moisture. No Bromeliads are native to Australia and therefore have all been imported and introduced here. The plants are native to the Southern States of the USA, Central America and deep into South America, with regions like Florida, Mexico, the West Indies, parts of Brazil and as far south as Chile having many and various species. One very primitive species is also found in Africa and has survived since the two continents separated. Bromeliaceae Family The entire bromeliad family called Bromeliaceae, is divided into three subfamilies containing many genera, with the Bromelioideae and Tillandsioideae subfamilies being the most popular bromeliads for enthusiasts and collectors. The subfamily Bromelioideae is distributed from Mexico to Argentina and has the greatest number of genera. They are mostly epiphytic, tank-type plants with spiny leaves and berry-like fruit containing wet seeds. The subfamily Pitcairnioideae are the most primitive bromeliads, descended from the grass family. Nearly all are terrestrial. Most have spiny leaves. The seeds are dry and usually winged. The subfamily Tillandsioideae has few genera, but includes about half of the species of bromeliads. Growing throughout the Americas, they are mostly epiphytes. All have spineless leaves. Seeds are dry, with feathery "parachutes" and are blown and float in the wind. The most notable and commercially developed of the family is the edible pineapple (Ananus comosus).
  • BROMELI ANA PUBLISHED by the NEW YORK BROMELIAD SOCIETY (Visit Our Website

    BROMELI ANA PUBLISHED by the NEW YORK BROMELIAD SOCIETY (Visit Our Website

    BROMELI ANA PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BROMELIAD SOCIETY (visit our website www.nybromeliadsociety.org) February, 2014 Volume 51, No.2 ON ROOTING (there is a time for every season...) by Herb Plever It is well told in Ecclesiastes 3 that there is a right even though I was aware of the seasonal slowdown. time for everything to be done, including a time to plant. But even in my indoor apartment, in the fall and More specifically, there is a right time to pot up a winter the light is reduced, it is drier and it is much bromeliad, particularly atmospheric tillandsias, so they cooler. We don’t put on the blower motors in our will quickly root in the medium. heating convectors even when it is very cold outside, As a general proposition it is said that tillandsias although the valves are open. (This permits the 1 foot produce roots in inverse proportion to the density of pipe leading to the convector to hold hot water and their trichome coverage, ie. glabrous stay hot.) leaved tillandsias with minimal or no So in the context of the above trichomes have strong root growth while rooting principles, this experiment was trichomed atmospheric tillandsias produce begun out of season at a time when many just enough wiry roots to attach plants slow down their growth and their themselves to the tree, branch or rock they production of carbohydrates. Nonetheless are holding on to. This goes contrary to some of the tillandsias did root quickly the basic idea of my experiment designed while many others rooted very slowly.
  • Generic and Subtribal Relationships in Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) Based on Matk/Ycf1 Plastid Data

    Generic and Subtribal Relationships in Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) Based on Matk/Ycf1 Plastid Data

    LANKESTERIANA 13(3): 375—392. 2014. I N V I T E D P A P E R* GENERIC AND SUBTRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS IN NEOTROPICAL CYMBIDIEAE (ORCHIDACEAE) BASED ON MATK/YCF1 PLASTID DATA W. MARK WHITTEN1,2, KURT M. NEUBIG1 & N. H. WILLIAMS1 1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 USA 2Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Relationships among all subtribes of Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) were estimated using combined matK/ycf1 plastid sequence data for 289 taxa. The matrix was analyzed using RAxML. Bootstrap (BS) analyses yield 100% BS support for all subtribes except Stanhopeinae (87%). Generic relationships within subtribes are highly resolved and are generally congruent with those presented in previous studies and as summarized in Genera Orchidacearum. Relationships among subtribes are largely unresolved. The Szlachetko generic classification of Maxillariinae is not supported. A new combination is made for Maxillaria cacaoensis J.T.Atwood in Camaridium. KEY WORDS: Orchidaceae, Cymbidieae, Maxillariinae, matK, ycf1, phylogenetics, Camaridium, Maxillaria cacaoensis, Vargasiella Cymbidieae include many of the showiest align nrITS sequences across the entire tribe was Neotropical epiphytic orchids and an unparalleled unrealistic due to high levels of sequence divergence, diversity in floral rewards and pollination systems. and instead to concentrate our efforts on assembling Many researchers have posed questions such as a larger plastid data set based on two regions (matK “How many times and when has male euglossine and ycf1) that are among the most variable plastid bee pollination evolved?”(Ramírez et al. 2011), or exon regions and can be aligned with minimal “How many times have oil-reward flowers evolved?” ambiguity across broad taxonomic spans.
  • Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in a Coastal Plain Area in the State of Paraná, Brazil

    Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in a Coastal Plain Area in the State of Paraná, Brazil

    62 TROP. LEPID. RES., 26(2): 62-67, 2016 LEVISKI ET AL.: Butterflies in Paraná Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in a coastal plain area in the state of Paraná, Brazil Gabriela Lourenço Leviski¹*, Luziany Queiroz-Santos¹, Ricardo Russo Siewert¹, Lucy Mila Garcia Salik¹, Mirna Martins Casagrande¹ and Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke¹ ¹ Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19.020, 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]٭ Abstract: The coastal plain environments of southern Brazil are neglected and poorly represented in Conservation Units. In view of the importance of sampling these areas, the present study conducted the first butterfly inventory of a coastal area in the state of Paraná. Samples were taken in the Floresta Estadual do Palmito, from February 2014 through January 2015, using insect nets and traps for fruit-feeding butterfly species. A total of 200 species were recorded, in the families Hesperiidae (77), Nymphalidae (73), Riodinidae (20), Lycaenidae (19), Pieridae (7) and Papilionidae (4). Particularly notable records included the rare and vulnerable Pseudotinea hemis (Schaus, 1927), representing the lowest elevation record for this species, and Temenis huebneri korallion Fruhstorfer, 1912, a new record for Paraná. These results reinforce the need to direct sampling efforts to poorly inventoried areas, to increase knowledge of the distribution and occurrence patterns of butterflies in Brazil. Key words: Atlantic Forest, Biodiversity, conservation, inventory, species richness. INTRODUCTION the importance of inventories to knowledge of the fauna and its conservation, the present study inventoried the species of Faunal inventories are important for providing knowledge butterflies of the Floresta Estadual do Palmito.
  • Cavities in Bromeliad Stolons Used As Nest Sites by Euglossa Cordata

    Cavities in Bromeliad Stolons Used As Nest Sites by Euglossa Cordata

    JHR 62: 33–44 (2018) Cavities in bromeliad stolons used as nest sites by Euglossa cordata... 33 doi: 10.3897/jhr.62.22834 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net Cavities in bromeliad stolons used as nest sites by Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera, Euglossini) Samuel Boff1, Isabel Alves-dos-Santos2 1 General Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Unidade II, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79804970, Brazil 2 Ecology Department, Institue of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil Corresponding author: Samuel Boff ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Neff | Received 7 December 2017 | Accepted 22 January 2018 | Published 26 February 2018 http://zoobank.org/B22C188E-D53D-4D98-B49E-35778E45D990 Citation: Boff S, Alves-dos-Santos I (2018) Cavities in bromeliad stolons used as nest sites by Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera, Euglossini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 62: 33–44. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.62.22834 Abstract Herein, we describe nests of the orchid bee Euglossa cordata that were constructed in cavities of Aechmea distichantha (Bromeliaceae) stolons. We present data about nest and cell size, number of adults and brood, and analyses of larval provisions. The presence ofE. cordata carcasses embedded in the resin of nest parti- tions indicates that these nests were used by multiple generations. Based on larval provisioning, E. cordata is polylectic and relies heavily on a few plant species. Keywords island, larval provision, natural cavity, nesting biology, orchid bees Introduction Orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini) are important pollinators in the Neotropical region, as they pollinate hundreds of plant species from many families (Ramírez et al.
  • Orchids – Tropical Species

    Orchids – Tropical Species

    Orchids – Tropical Species Scientific Name Quantity Acianthera aculeata 1 Acianthera hoffmannseggiana 'Woodstream' 1 Acianthera johnsonii 1 Acianthera luteola 1 Acianthera pubescens 3 Acianthera recurva 1 Acianthera sicula 1 Acineta mireyae 3 Acineta superba 17 Aerangis biloba 2 Aerangis citrata 1 Aerangis hariotiana 3 Aerangis hildebrandtii 'GC' 1 Aerangis luteoalba var. rhodosticta 2 Aerangis modesta 1 Aerangis mystacidii 1 Aeranthes arachnitis 1 Aeranthes sp. '#109 RAN' 1 Aerides leeana 1 Aerides multiflora 1 Aetheorhyncha andreettae 1 Anathallis acuminata 1 Anathallis linearifolia 1 Anathallis sertularioides 1 Angraecum breve 43 Angraecum didieri 2 Angraecum distichum 1 Angraecum eburneum 1 Angraecum eburneum subsp. superbum 15 Angraecum eichlerianum 2 Angraecum florulentum 1 Angraecum leonis 1 Angraecum leonis 'H&R' 1 Angraecum longicalcar 33 Angraecum magdalenae 2 Angraecum obesum 1 Angraecum sesquipedale 8 Angraecum sesquipedale var. angustifolium 2 Angraecum sesquipedale 'Winter White' × A. sesquipedale var. bosseri 1 'Summertime Dream' Anguloa cliftonii 2 Anguloa clowesii 3 Smithsonian Gardens December 19, 2018 Orchids – Tropical Species Scientific Name Quantity Anguloa dubia 2 Anguloa eburnea 2 Anguloa virginalis 2 Ansellia africana 1 Ansellia africana ('Primero' × 'Joann Steele') 3 Ansellia africana 'Garden Party' 1 Arpophyllum giganteum 3 Arpophyllum giganteum subsp. medium 1 Aspasia epidendroides 2 Aspasia psittacina 1 Barkeria spectabilis 2 Bifrenaria aureofulva 1 Bifrenaria harrisoniae 5 Bifrenaria inodora 3 Bifrenaria tyrianthina 5 Bletilla striata 13 Brassavola cucullata 2 Brassavola nodosa 4 Brassavola revoluta 1 Brassavola sp. 1 Brassavola subulifolia 1 Brassavola subulifolia 'H & R' 1 Brassavola tuberculata 2 Brassia arcuigera 'Pumpkin Patch' 1 Brassia aurantiaca 1 Brassia euodes 1 Brassia keiliana 1 Brassia keiliana 'Jeanne' 1 Brassia lanceana 3 Brassia signata 1 Brassia verrucosa 3 Brassia warszewiczii 1 Broughtonia sanguinea 1 Broughtonia sanguinea 'Star Splash' × B.
  • Bonpland and Humboldt Specimens, Field Notes, and Herbaria; New Insights from a Study of the Monocotyledons Collected in Venezuela

    Bonpland and Humboldt Specimens, Field Notes, and Herbaria; New Insights from a Study of the Monocotyledons Collected in Venezuela

    Bonpland and Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela Fred W. Stauffer, Johann Stauffer & Laurence J. Dorr Abstract Résumé STAUFFER, F. W., J. STAUFFER & L. J. DORR (2012). Bonpland and STAUFFER, F. W., J. STAUFFER & L. J. DORR (2012). Echantillons de Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study Bonpland et Humboldt, carnets de terrain et herbiers; nouvelles perspectives of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela. Candollea 67: 75-130. tirées d’une étude des monocotylédones récoltées au Venezuela. Candollea In English, English and French abstracts. 67: 75-130. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. The monocotyledon collections emanating from Humboldt and Les collections de Monocotylédones provenant des expéditions Bonpland’s expedition are used to trace the complicated ways de Humboldt et Bonpland sont utilisées ici pour retracer les in which botanical specimens collected by the expedition were cheminements complexes des spécimens collectés lors returned to Europe, to describe the present location and to de leur retour en Europe. Ces collections sont utilisées pour explore the relationship between specimens, field notes, and établir la localisation actuelle et la composition d’importants descriptions published in the multi-volume “Nova Genera et jeux de matériel associés à ce voyage, ainsi que pour explorer Species Plantarum” (1816-1825). Collections in five European les relations existantes entre les spécimens, les notes de terrain herbaria were searched for monocotyledons collected by et les descriptions parues dans les divers volumes de «Nova the explorers. In Paris, a search of the Bonpland Herbarium Genera et Species Plantarum» (1816-1825).
  • Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)

    Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)

    THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae.
  • Aechmea Information Compiled by Theresa M

    Aechmea Information Compiled by Theresa M

    Aechmea Information compiled by Theresa M. Bert, Ph.D. (corresponding author) and Harry E. Luther, Director, Mulford B. Foster Bromeliad Identification Center (last update: January 2005) Welcome to the Aechmea species list. All taxonomic entities for the genus Aechmea listed in Luther (2004) & new species & taxonomic revisions since that publication up to September 2004 are included here. The information provided for each taxon is summarized from the references & citations provided at the end of the list. In the table, the citations are denoted by superscripted numbers. This information is not all-inclusive of everything that is known about each species, but much information is included. We did not include information on citings during personal expeditions unless they were documented in the literature & also provided unique information on the biology, ecology, or taxonomy of the species. Nor did we include information on cultivation. This is a dynamic table. As authoritative information becomes available, we will update this table. We also invite input. If you know of a well-documented fact about a species in this list, please provide the corresponding author with the information & the literature citation in which that information appears. (We reserve the right to accept or deny inclusion of any information provided to us.) We also welcome your thoughts on the type of information that should be included in this list. Blank fields denote no information is available. All currently recognized taxonomic entities of each species are listed, including subspecies, varieties, & forms. When the lower taxonomic level of these plants is the same as the species, only the species name is given (e.g., Aechmea distichantha var.
  • Atlas of Pollen and Plants Used by Bees

    Atlas of Pollen and Plants Used by Bees

    AtlasAtlas ofof pollenpollen andand plantsplants usedused byby beesbees Cláudia Inês da Silva Jefferson Nunes Radaeski Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena Soraia Girardi Bauermann (organizadores) Atlas of pollen and plants used by bees Cláudia Inês da Silva Jefferson Nunes Radaeski Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena Soraia Girardi Bauermann (orgs.) Atlas of pollen and plants used by bees 1st Edition Rio Claro-SP 2020 'DGRV,QWHUQDFLRQDLVGH&DWDORJD©¥RQD3XEOLFD©¥R &,3 /XPRV$VVHVVRULD(GLWRULDO %LEOLRWHF£ULD3ULVFLOD3HQD0DFKDGR&5% $$WODVRISROOHQDQGSODQWVXVHGE\EHHV>UHFXUVR HOHWU¶QLFR@RUJV&O£XGLD,Q¬VGD6LOYD>HW DO@——HG——5LR&ODUR&,6(22 'DGRVHOHWU¶QLFRV SGI ,QFOXLELEOLRJUDILD ,6%12 3DOLQRORJLD&DW£ORJRV$EHOKDV3µOHQ– 0RUIRORJLD(FRORJLD,6LOYD&O£XGLD,Q¬VGD,, 5DGDHVNL-HIIHUVRQ1XQHV,,,$UHQD0DULDQD9LFWRULQR 1LFRORVL,9%DXHUPDQQ6RUDLD*LUDUGL9&RQVXOWRULD ,QWHOLJHQWHHP6HUYL©RV(FRVVLVWHPLFRV &,6( 9,7¯WXOR &'' Las comunidades vegetales son componentes principales de los ecosistemas terrestres de las cuales dependen numerosos grupos de organismos para su supervi- vencia. Entre ellos, las abejas constituyen un eslabón esencial en la polinización de angiospermas que durante millones de años desarrollaron estrategias cada vez más específicas para atraerlas. De esta forma se establece una relación muy fuerte entre am- bos, planta-polinizador, y cuanto mayor es la especialización, tal como sucede en un gran número de especies de orquídeas y cactáceas entre otros grupos, ésta se torna más vulnerable ante cambios ambientales naturales o producidos por el hombre. De esta forma, el estudio de este tipo de interacciones resulta cada vez más importante en vista del incremento de áreas perturbadas o modificadas de manera antrópica en las cuales la fauna y flora queda expuesta a adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones o desaparecer.
  • 2036) Proposal to Conserve the Name Brasiliorchis Against Bolbidium (Orchidaceae

    2036) Proposal to Conserve the Name Brasiliorchis Against Bolbidium (Orchidaceae

    Singer & al. • (2036) Conserve Brasiliorchis TAXON 60 (6) • December 2011: 1774–1775 (2036) Proposal to conserve the name Brasiliorchis against Bolbidium (Orchidaceae) Rodrigo B. Singer,1 Mario Blanco,2 Germán Carnevali3 & Samantha Koehler4 1 Depto. Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43432, Sala 207, Bairro Agronomia, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 2 Herbarium, Florida Museum of Natural History, Dickinson Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800, U.S.A., and Department of Biology, Bartram Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8525, U.S.A. 3 Herbarium CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Calle 43, no. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México 4 Depto. Ciências, Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Prof. Artur Riedel 275, Diadema, São Paulo, CEP 09972-270, Brazil Author for correspondence: Rodrigo B. Singer, [email protected] (2036) Brasiliorchis R. Singer & al. in Novon 17: 94. 23 Apr 2007 gerens (Bolbidium). –An hujus loci Maxillaria picta aliaeque?”). It [Monocot.: Orchid.], nom. cons. prop. is important to stress that even if this new diagnosis already suggests Typus: B. picta (Hook.) R. Singer & al. (Maxillaria picta proximity with the Maxillaria picta alliance, Lindley did not include Hook.) previously described species of this complex (Maxillaria picta, Max- (=) Bolbidium (Lindl.) Lindl., Veg. Kingd.: 181. Jan-Mai 1846 illaria gracilis [≡ Brasiliorchis gracilis (Lodd.) R. Singer & al.]) in (Cymbidium sect. Bolbidium Lindl. in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. his section. As circumscribed by Lindley in 1833, Cymbidium sect.
  • Anatomia Floral De Aechmea Distichantha Lem. E Canistropsis Billbergioides (Schult

    Anatomia Floral De Aechmea Distichantha Lem. E Canistropsis Billbergioides (Schult

    Hoehnea 43(2): 183-193, 4 fig., 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-78/2015 Anatomia floral de Aechmea distichantha Lem. e Canistropsis billbergioides (Schult. & Schult.f) Leme (Bromeliaceae)1 Fernanda Maria Cordeiro de Oliveira2,3, André Melo de Souza2, Brenda Bogatzky Ribeiro Corrêa2, Tatiana Midori Maeda2 e Gladys Flavia Melo-de-Pinna2 Recebido: 13.10.2015; aceito: 26.02.2016 ABSTRACT - (Floral anatomy of Aechmea distichantha Lem. and Canistropsis billbergioides (Schult. & Schult.f) Leme (Bromeliaceae)). Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. and Canistropsis (Mez) Leme belong to the subfamily Bromelioideae, which has the largest morphological diversity in Bromeliaceae. The flower buds of Aechmea distichantha Lem. and Canistropsis billbergioides (Schult. & Schult. f.) Leme were collected, fixed, and processed according to usual techniques in plant anatomy. The species share characteristics such as the presence of spherical crystals of silica in the epidermal cells of perianth; idioblasts with raphids; endothecium with annular thickening; and inferior ovary with axillary placentation. Non- vascular petal appendages were observed only in A. distichantha, arranged in pairs on each petal. Both species present a septal nectary, which nectar is rich in of proteins and carbohydrates. A placental obturator occurs in both species and histochemical tests revealed that the secretion produced by the obturator contains carbohydrates and proteins, probably related to the pollen tube guidance. Keywords: obturator, petal appendages, septal nectary RESUMO - (Anatomia floral de Aechmea distichantha Lem. e Canistropsis billbergioides (Schult. & Schult.f) Leme (Bromeliaceae)). Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. e Canistropsis (Mez) Leme pertencem à subfamília Bromelioideae, detentora da maior diversidade morfológica em Bromeliaceae. Botões florais deAechmea distichantha Lem.