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Kỹ Thuật Hệ Thống Viễn Thông,Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn,Dhbkhcm

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Kỹ Thuật Hệ Thống Viễn Thông,Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn,Dhbkhcm Chương 1: Giới thiệu tổng quan 1.0 Nhắc lại kiến thức cơ bản 1.1 Các khái niệm về kỹ thuật hệ thống viễn thông 1.2 Các thành phần cơ bản của hệ thống viễn thông 1.3 Kênh truyền 1.4 Truyền sóng điện từ 1.5 Giới thiệu chuyên ngành Điện tử - Truyền thông cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 1 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Bảng chữ cái Hi Lạp ▪ Cách phát âm? cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 2 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Lượng giác cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn3 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ví dụ 1 ▪ Biểu diễn theo dạng 퐴푐표푠 훺푡 + 휙 với điều kiện A>0, 훺>0, (-]. 1) cos(-t + ) = 2) -cos(-2t - ) = 3) sin(3t - ) = 4) sin(4t - /2) = 5) sin(-5t + cuu/2) duong= than cong . com 6) sin(6t + /6) – cos(6t - /6) = Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 4 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ví dụ 2 ▪ Khai triển (hạ bậc) theo sin(.) và cos(.) 1) sin2(x) = 2) cos2(x) = 3) sin3(x) = 4) cos3(x) = 5) sin4(x) = 6) cos4(x) = cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 5 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Tích phân ▪ Xấp xỉ tổng Riemann ▪ Máy tính cuu duong than푡 cong . com Ký hiệu: ׬ = ׬ 2 ▪ ∆푡=푡2−푡1 푡1 Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn6 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ví dụ 3 ▪ f(t) = A. ((t – B)/C) f(t) A B – C B B + C t 퐵+퐶 퐵+퐶 4) ׬ 푓2 푡 푑푡 ׬퐵−퐶 푓 푡 푑푡 퐵−퐶 (1 퐵+퐶/2 퐵+퐶/2 ׬ 푓 푡 푑푡 5) ׬ 푓2 푡 푑푡 (2 퐵 cuu duong than cong퐵 . com 퐵−퐶/2 퐵−퐶/2 6) ׬ 푓2 푡 푑푡 ׬퐵−퐶 푓 푡 푑푡 퐵−퐶 (3 Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 7 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ví dụ 4 2휋 2휋 ׬0 cos 푡 푑푡 6) ׬0 cos 2푡 푑푡 (1 3휋 1 ׬−휋 cos 푡 푑푡 7) ׬−1 cos 2휋푡 푑푡 (2 4 7휋/3 8) ׬ cos 3휋푡 푑푡 ׬휋/3 cos 푡 푑푡 1 (3 휋/4 ׬ sin 4푡 푑푡 (9 0 ׬−2휋 sin 푡 푑푡 −휋/4 (4 3 19휋/5 cuu duong than cong10)׬ . comsin 2휋푡/5 푑푡 ׬−휋/5 sin 푡 푑푡 −2 (5 Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 8 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ghi nhớ 1 푡 ׬ = ׬ 2 ▪ ∆푡=푡2−푡1 푡1 ▪ ׬ퟐ흅풌/휴 풄풐풔 휴풕 + 흓 풅풕 = ퟎ ; 휴 ≠ ퟎ, 풌 ∈ 풁 ▪ ׬풌/푭 퐜퐨퐬 ퟐ흅푭풕 + 흓 풅풕 = ퟎ ; 푭 ≠ ퟎ, 풌 ∈ 풁 cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 9 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ví dụ 5 휋 2 휋 2 ׬0 푐표푠 (푡)푑푡 6) ׬0 푐표푠 (2푡)푑푡 (1 휋 ׬ 푐표푠2(푡)푑푡 1 2 (2 휋 7) ׬−1 푐표푠 (2휋푡)푑푡− 7휋/3 4 3) 푐표푠2(푡)푑푡 2 ׬휋/3 8) ׬1 푐표푠 (3휋푡)푑푡 휋/4 0 2 9) 푠푖푛2 4푡 푑푡 ׬−휋 푠푖푛 (푡)푑푡 ׬−휋/4 (4 9휋/5 3 5) 푠푖푛2(푡)푑푡 2 ׬−휋/5 cuu duong than cong10) ׬. −com2 푠푖푛 휋푡/5 푑푡 Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 10 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ghi nhớ 2 ▪ ퟐ ׬흅풌/휴 풄풐풔 휴풕 + 흓 풅풕 = 흅풌/(ퟐ휴) ; 휴 ≠ ퟎ, 풌 ∈ 풁 ▪ ퟐ ׬풌/(ퟐ푭) 풔풊풏 ퟐ흅푭풕 + 흓 풅풕 = 풌/(ퟒ푭) ; 푭 ≠ ퟎ, 풌 ∈ 풁 흅/(ퟐ휴) 흅/(ퟐ휴) ׬ퟎ 풄풐풔 휴풕 풅풕 = ׬ퟎ 풔풊풏 휴풕 풅풕 = ퟏ /휴 ; 휴 ≠ ퟎ ▪ cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 11 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Số phức cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 12 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ví dụ 6 ▪ Tìm phần thực, phần ảo, biên độ và góc pha a) z1 + z2 b) z1 – z2 cuu duong than cong . com c) z1 . z2 d) z1 / z2 Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn13 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Câu hỏi 1) Phân biệt kỹ thuật (technique, engineering) với công nghệ (technology) và khoa học (science)? 2) Phân biệt hệ thống (system) với mạng (network) và mạch (circuit)? 3) Phân biệt thông tin (information) với dữ liệu (data)? 4) Phân biệt viễn thông (telecommunication) với truyền thông (communication)? 5) Phân biệt tưcuuơng duong tự (analog) than cong và số . (digital):com thông tin, tín hiệu (signal), dạng sóng (waveform), hệ thống và mạch? Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 14 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Thông tin ▪ Thông tin: – Tương tự: liên tục (tự nhiên) – Số: rời rạc (máy tính) ▪ Thông điệp (message): hình thức chứa thông tin – Tiếng nói – Chữ viết – … cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 15 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Truyền thông tin ▪ Trong lĩnh vực viễn thông, thông tin là toàn bộ hoạt động nhằm mục đích vận chuyển, đảm bảo tính chính xác của các thông điệp → hệ thống viễn thông/ truyền thông/ thông tin có thể được hiểu như nhau. ▪ Hệ thống truyền thông tin dưới dạng kỹ thuật điện/điện tửcuu đầu duong tiên: than cong . com điện báo Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 16 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Kỉ nguyên thông tin cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 17 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Các cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 18 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Tín hiệu ▪ Thông tin cần được biến đổi thành tín hiệu (điện từ) để có thể truyền. ▪ Tín hiệu truyền có dạng sóng liên tục theo thời gian. – Tương tự (analog): có vô số giá trị – Số (digital): có hữu hạn giá trị (lý tưởng) cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 19 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Tín hiệu sin/cos Peak amplitude ▪ Chu kì ▪ Tần số / tầncuu số gócduong than cong . com ▪ Pha ▪ Biên độ Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 20 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Tín hiệu xung (số) ▪ Chu kì bit cuu duong than cong . com ▪ Tốc độ bit Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 21 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Hệ thống: xử lý tín hiệu ▪ Tương tự ▪ Số cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 22 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Kỹ thuật hệ thống (viễn thông) ▪ Công nghệ ngày càng phát triển phức tạp khiến công việc của kỹ sư trở nên đa dạng và chuyên môn hóa theo thời gian. – Trước 1900: dấu ấn cá nhân, thậm chí không phải chuyên gia (Morse) – Sau 1900: nhóm, hội, tổ chức chuyên ngành ▪ Kỹ sư hệ thống kỹ sư thiết bị (mạch): mức độ phụ thuộc công nghệ – Đặt các thiết bị với nhau để chúng hoạt động như một hệ thống nhằm đạt được mục tiêu chung – Xây dựng các mô hình toán cho nguyên lý hoạt động của các hệ thống – Dùng các môcuu hình toánduong đã xây than dựng congđể thiết . kếcom và đánh giá hệ thống Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 23 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ảnh hưởng của công nghệ ▪ Công nghệ (mạch) sẽ có thể thay đổi nhiều trong sự nghiệp của kỹ sư nhưng lý thuyết (hệ thống) thường ổn định một cách hợp lý. ▪ Theo thời gian, lý thuyết và thực tiễn trong kỹ thuật truyền thông tin ngày càng liên kết gần gũi → ngày càng nhiều lý thuyết gia trở thành nhà khởi nghiệp thành công (Viterbi và Jacob: Qualcomm)cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 24 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Câu hỏi 1) Liệt kê một số hệ thống truyền thông tin ở khoảng cách xa? 2) Liệt kê một số hệ thống truyền thông tin ở khoảng cách gần? 3) Liệt kê một số hệ thống truyền thông tin tương tự? 4) Liệt kê một số hệ thống truyền thông tin số? 5) Liệt kê một số ưu điểm của số so với tương tự? 6) Tại sao vẫncuu học duong tương than tự? cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 25 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt 1.1 Các khái niệm ▪ Thông điệp (chứa thông tin): tương tự hoặc số. ▪ Tín hiệu (truyền thông tin): tương tự hoặc số. ▪ Viễn thông/Truyền thông: truyền thông tin từ nơi này đến nơi khác dưới dạng tín hiệu kỹ thuật (phần lớn ở dạng điện từ). ▪ Mục đích của hệ thống viễn thông/truyền thông/thông tin: tái tạo tại đích đến một bản sao chấp nhận được của thông điệp nguồn. – Đánh giá hệcuu thống duong tương than tự: tỉ cong số tín . hiệu com trên nhiễu (SNR), độ méo dạng, … – Đánh giá hệ thống số: tốc độ lỗi bit (BER). Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 26 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Phân loại hệ thống ▪ Truyền thống (traditional, classical, initial) Hiện đại (modern) ▪ Đơn giản (simple) Phức tạp (complex) ▪ Điểm-điểm (point-to-point) Quảng bá (broadcast) ▪ Tương tự (analog) Số (digital) ▪ … cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 27 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ví dụ hệ thống thông tin tương tự cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 28 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Ví dụ hệ thống thông tin số cuu duong than cong . com Th.S. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 29 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Câu hỏi 1) Liệt kê các thành phần cơ bản của 1 hệ thống viễn thông? 2) Cho biết chức năng của mỗi thành phần? 3) Liệt kê một số thiết bị trong mỗi thành phần? cuu duong than cong .
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