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Report 2011 ADVISORY COMMITTEE on the ASSESSMENT of RESTITUTION APPLICATIONS for ITEMS of CULTURAL VALUE and the SECOND WORLD WAR

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Report 2011 ADVISORY COMMITTEE on the ASSESSMENT of RESTITUTION APPLICATIONS for ITEMS of CULTURAL VALUE and the SECOND WORLD WAR ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE ASSESSMENT OF RESTITUTION APPLICATIONS FOR ITEMS OF CULTURAL VALUE AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR Report 2011 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE ASSESSMENT OF RESTITUTION APPLICATIONS FOR ITEMS OF CULTURAL VALUE AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR Report 2011 Visiting address: Lange Voorhout 9 Postal address: P.O. Box 556 2501 CN The Hague. The Netherlands tel: +31 (0)70 376 59 92 fax: + 31 (0)70 362 96 54 e-mail: [email protected] internet: www.restitutiecommissie.nl Cover: Miniature slippers, glazed pottery with polychrome decor (NK 302 A-B). Contents Foreword 5 1. Introduction 7 2. The Restitutions Committee 8 2.1 History in brief 8 2.2 Restitutions Committee members and the secretariat 9 3. The work of the Restitutions Committee 10 3.1 Introduction 10 3.2 Procedure for National Art Collection cases 11 3.3 Requests for revised advice 14 3.4 Procedure for binding opinion cases 16 4. A review of 2011 19 4.1 Activities in 2011 19 4.2 Restitution as an international and ongoing subject 20 4.3 Study of museum acquisitions since 1933 22 5. Spotlight on the Gutmann case 27 6. Restitutions Committee recommendations 38 6.1 2002 – 2011 overview 38 6.2 2011 overview 39 6.3 Binding opinions 40 7. Conclusion 41 8. Recommendations issued in 2011 42 Appendices 90 3 Foreword The Decree Establishing the Restitutions Committee was signed on 16 November 2001, and the Committee started its work in January 2002. The general expectation at that time was that within a few years there would be nothing left to do. That expectation has proved to be incorrect. Now, ten years later, there are still eighteen cases awaiting a recommendation from the Committee. Seven of them were initiated in 2011. As a result of the museum investigation, among other things, the end of the Committee’s work is not yet in sight. ‘Shouldn’t this just come to an end?’ This is something that Committee members and staff often hear when they talk to other people about the Committee’s activities. ‘Indeed it should,’ is my response, but then I add straight away that it has to be done with due regard for the legitimate interests of those who believe they have a claim on art that was stolen during the Second World War. The looting of art has always been with us. We see a growing debate about disputed transfers of works of art from centuries-old Egyptian or Inca settlements to European or American archeological museums. This discussion is also informed by acquisitions of items of a cultural nature that could have come from recent thefts or looting, for example from areas in which there is no effective government authority. In this context it is noted at the end of this annual report that the theme with which the Committee is concerned appears to be becoming broader. However, the Committee has no direct involvement with that under its current task description. The framework within which the Committee works is a structural approach to finding solutions to problems associated with the restitution Disclaimer of art looted during the Second World War. And over the last ten years this is what the Restitutions Committee has done its level best to achieve. This English version is a translation of the original Dutch report ‘Verslag 2011’, The Committee is very well aware that it can only discharge the responsibility for its tasks in case of possible differences in translation we refer you to the Dutch report. with the expert and enthusiastic support of all the staff in its secretariat. Frequently used abbrevations: W.J.M. Davids Chairman BHG Origins Unknown Agency Bureau Hergo Bureau for Restoration Payments and the Restoration of Property ICN Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (now called: Cultural Heritage Agency) NA National Archive NBI Netherlands Property Administration Institute NK-collection Netherlands Art Property Collection OCW Education, Culture and Science RCE Cultural Heritage Agency RKD Netherlands Institute for Art History SNK Netherlands Art Property Foundation 4 5 1. Introduction The Advisory Committee on the Assessment of Restitution Applications for Items of Cultural Value and the Second World War (the Restitutions Committee) gives its advice about applications for the restitution of looted art. Today, works of art that were separated from their original owners as a consequence of the Nazi regime may be in the possession of the Dutch State (National Art Collection), a provincial/local authority, a foundation or a private individual. A claim on such a work of art can be submitted to the Restitutions Committee for investigation and a recommendation, as a type of alternative dispute settlement. The Restitutions Committee was established over ten years ago by the State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science (OCW) in a decree of 16 November 2001.1 This is the Committee’s tenth annual report, and to mark the tenth anniversary it addresses not just what happened in 2011. There is also a brief review of the developments in the work in general and in the procedures used by the Committee. Reference will be made to previous annual reports where necessary. They can be consulted on the Committee’s website or requested in printed form from the secretariat.2 This introduction is followed in Chapter 2 by a brief description of the Restitutions Committee’s history and the names of its members and the secretariat staff. Chapter 3 discusses the Committee’s advisory tasks and the procedures it employs. Chapter 4 addresses the year under review with an account of the activities carried out, with the emphasis on the national and international contacts that have been established and maintained. A separate section is devoted to the study of museum acquisitions (Onderzoek Museale Verwervingen), which is currently being supervised by the Netherlands Museums Association. The coordinators of this research project kindly provided the Committee with a contribution to the present annual report in the form of an overview of the study’s starting points, objectives and progress. Chapter 5 explains a case about which the Committee gave a recommendation in 2011. The purpose is to give an insight – on the basis of selected illustrations and reproductions of records – into the investigation work that Committee conducts. A quantitative overview of the recommendations made from 2002 to 2011 inclusive is presented in Chapter 6. After the conclusion in Chapter 7, this annual report ends with the full text of all the recommendations that the Committee made to the Minister of OCW in 2011. 1 ‘Decree Establishing the Advisory Committee on the Assessment of Restitution Applications for Items of Cultural Value and the Second World War’, 16 November 2001. Hereafter referred to as the Decree Establishing the Restitutions Committee. Appendix 1. 1. American soldiers move stolen and hidden art found at the end of the Second World War. Here they are 2 A detailed description of the history and policy framework of the Restitutions Committee is given in unloading the Pietà from a railway wagon at Berchtesgaden. the 2002 and 2005 annual reports. All annual reports (from 2002 to 2010 inclusive) can be consulted in digital form on the website: http://www.restitutiecommissie.nl (Dutch language version) or http://www. restitutionsCommittee.org (English language version). Please contact the secretariat (the address can be found at the end of this report) to request printed copies of the annual report. 6 7 2. The Restitutions Committee 2.2 Restitutions Committee members and the secretariat The composition of the Restitutions Committee 2.1 History in brief did not change during the year under review. This means that in 2011 the Committee During the Second World War the Nazis seized, stole or purchased art from private consisted of the following members: individuals and art galleries on a large scale. After the Netherlands was liberated, the allies found many of these items of cultural value, particularly in Germany, after which Mr J.M. Davids (chairman) they were brought back to their country of origin. This recovery was accompanied by the Professor I.C. van der Vlies (vice-chair) order to national governments to look after the art being returned and to ensure it was Professor J.T.M. Bank returned to the rightful owners or their heirs. In the Netherlands, the Netherlands Art Mr P.J.N. van Os Property Foundation (SNK) was tasked with the recovery and restitution activities. Some Mr D.H.M. Peeperkorn of the items of cultural value that were not restituted after the war were auctioned off by Dr E.J. van Straaten the Dutch State during the nineteen-fifties. The remainder was brought together in the Ms H.M. Verrijn Stuart 2. W.J.M. Davids, Netherlands Art Property Collection (NK collection), as part of the National Art Collection. Chair of the Restitution Commission. In a decree dated 28 September 2010, the State Starting at the end of nineteen-nineties, renewed interest arose in the Netherlands Secretary for OCW reappointed the aforementioned people as members of the Restitutions and other countries in the return of art treasures that had been stolen during the Committee for a three-year period from 23 December 2010 until 23 December 2013.4 Second World War. There were calls for a flexible restitutions policy, for example in the Washington Principles on Nazi Confiscated Art (1998) and in a resolution on Looted The Restitutions Committee members were supported in the performance of their duties Jewish Cultural Property (1999) adopted by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of by the secretarial staff under the management of Ms E. Campfens (secretary/rapporteur). Europe. Recommendations were made to opt for a form of alternative dispute settlement The other staff in the secretariat were Ms A.
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