A CHECKLIST OF THE FRESHWATER FISHES, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS OF SINGAPORE
Vertebrate Study Group Nature Society (Singapore)
February 2014
Key to status: Species are considered native and extant resident in Singapore except those indicated as follows: ex – extinct; ic – introduced on frequent basis but apparently has not establish feral population; in – introduced and has established feral population; nd – of indeterminate status; vt – visitor. Species recorded in the past, but whose occurrence is regarded as doubtful, are not listed.
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FRESHWATER FISHES [restricted to species known to complete life cycle in freshwater]
MYLIOBATIFORMES
Potamotrygonidae Potamotrygon motoro Motoro stingray in
OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES
Notopteridae Chitala ornata Clown Featherback in Notopterus notopterus Bronze Featherback in
Osteoglossidae Scleropages formosus Asian Arowana in
CYPRINIFORMES
Cobitidae Pangio semicincta Malayan Banded Eel-loach nd Pangio muraeniformis Spotted Eel-loach
Cyprinidae Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae Princess Glass-minnow in Barbodes banksi Saddle Barb Barbodes lateristriga Spanner Barb Barbodes rhombeus Indochinese Spotted Barb in Barbodes semifasciolatus Green Barb in Barbonymus schwanenfeldii Stripe-tailed Tinfoil Barb in Brachydanio albolineata Pearl Danio in Brachydanio rerio Zebra Danio in Boraras maculatus Pygmy Rasbora Cyclocheilichthys apogon Barbel-less Chemperas Cyprinus carpio Carp ic Desmopuntius hexazona Six-banded Barb Esomus metallicus Siamese Flying Barb in Hampala macrolepidota Sebarau in Metzia lineata Chinese Striped Minnow in/ex Osteochilus vittatus Hasselt’s Bony-lipped Barb in Puntigrus partipentazona Malayan Tiger Barb in Puntius sophore Spotfin Swamp Barb in Rasbora borapetensis Red-tailed Rasbora in Rasbora einthovenii Einthoven’s Rasbora Rasbora elegans Two-spot Rasbora Rasbora paucisqualis Silver-lined Rasbora nd Rasbora trilineata Scissorstail Rasbora in Trigonostigma heteromorpha Harlequin Rasbora
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Nemacheilidae Nemacheilus selangoricus Malayan Grey-banded Loach
SILURIFORMES
Akysidae Parakysis longirostris Singapore Little Warty Catfish
Bagridae Mystus gulio Estuarine Mystus Mystus wolffii Wolff’s Mystus Pseudomystus leiacanthus Dwarf Bumblebee Catfish
Clariidae Clarias cf. batrachus Common Walking Catfish Clarias gariepinus Sharp-toothed Walking Catfish in Clarias leiacanthus Forest Walking Catfish Clarias nieuhofii Slender Walking Catfish
Loricariidae Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus Vermiculated Sailfin Sucker Catfish in Pterygoplichthys pardalis Spotted Sailfin Sucker Catfish in
Siluridae Silurichthys hasseltii Hasselt’s Leaf Catfish
Sisoridae Glyptothorax callopterus Malayan Wrinkle-bellied Catfish nd
GOBIIFORMES
Eleotrididae Oxyeleotris marmorata Marbled Gudgeon in
Gobionellidae Brachygobius sabanus Lesser Bumblebee Goby in? Gobiopterus brachypterus Greater Glass-goby Eugnathogobius siamensis Siam Stream-goby Pseudogobiopsis oligactis Big-mouthed Stream-goby Rhinogobius giurinus Oriental River-goby in
SYNBRANCHIFORMES
Synbranchidae Monopterus javanensis Sunda Swamp-eel
Mastacembelidae Macrognathus maculatus Buff-backed Spiny-eel Macrognathus zebrinus Zebra Spiny-eel in
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ANABANTIFORMES
Anabantidae Anabas testudineus Oriental Climbing Perch
Channidae Channa gachua Dwarf Snakehead Channa lucius Forest Snakehead Channa melasoma Black Snakehead Channa micropeltes Giant Snakehead/Toman in Channa striata Common Snakehead/Aruan
Nandidae Nandus nebulosus Sunda Leaf-fish
Osphronemidae Betta imbellis Crescent Betta Betta pugnax Malayan Forest Betta Luciocephalus pulcher Brown Pikehead Osphronemus goramy Giant Gouramy in Trichopodus pectoralis Snakeskin Gouramy in Trichopodus trichopterus Threespot Gouramy Trichopsis vittata Croaking Gouramy
OVALENTARIAE of uncertain taxonomic placement
Ambassidae Parambassis siamensis Indochinese Glass Perchlet in
CICHLIFORMES
Cichlidae Acarichthys heckelii Threadfin Acara in Amphilophus citrinellus Midas Cichlid in Cichla orinocensis Orinoco Peacock Bass in Cichlasoma hybrid Flowerhorn Cichlid in Cichlasoma urophthalmum Mayan Cichlid in Etroplus suratensis Green Chromide in Geophagus altifrons Red-striped Eartheater in Oreochromis mossambicus Mozambique Tilapia in Oreochromis niloticus Nile Tilapia in Parachromis managuensis Jaguar Guapote in Paraneetroplus melanurus Quetzal Cichlid in Satanoperca jurupari Demon Eartheater in Tilapia buttikoferi Hornet Tilapia in
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BELONIFORMES
Zenarchopteridae Dermogenys collettei Sunda Pygmy Halfbeak Hemirhamphodon pogonognathus Malayan Forest Halfbeak
CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Aplocheilidae Aplocheilus lineatus Banded Panchax in Aplocheilus panchax Whitespot
Poeciliidae Gambusia affinis Mosquitofish in Poecilia reticulata Guppy in Poecilia sphenops Green Molly in Xiphophorus maculatus Southern Platy in
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AMPHIBIANS
GYMNOPHIONA
Ichthyophiidae Ichthyophis paucisulcus Sumatran Striped Caecilian Ichthyophis singaporensis Singapore Black Caecilian nd
ANURA
Bufonidae Duttaphrynus melanostictus Asian Toad Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus Four-ridged Toad Pelophryne signata Saint Andrew’s Cross Toadlet
Megophryidae Leptobrachium nigrops Black-eyed Litter Frog Megophrys nasuta Malayan Horned Frog
Dicroglossidae Fejervarya cancrivorus Crab-eating Frog Fejervarya limnocharis Field Frog Limnonectes blythii Malayan Giant Frog Limnonectes malesianus Malesian Frog Limnonectes paramacrodon Masked Swamp Frog Limnonectes plicatellus Rhinoceros Frog Occidozyga sumatrana Yellow-bellied Puddle Frog
Ranidae Hylarana baramica Golden-eared Rough-sided Frog Hylarana erythraea Green Paddy Frog Hylarana guentheri Günther’s Frog in Hylarana labialis Copper-cheeked Frog Hylarana laterimaculata Masked Rough-sided Frog Lithobates catesbeianus American Bull-frog ic
Rhacophoridae Nyctixalus pictus Cinnamon Bush Frog Polypedates leucomystax Four-lined Tree Frog Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus Blue-spotted Bush Frog Theloderma horridum Thorny Bush Frog
Microhylidae Kalophrynus limbooliati Lim’s Black-spotted Sticky Frog Kaloula pulchra Banded Bull-frog in? Microhyla butleri Painted Chorus Frog Microhyla fissipes East Asian Ornate Chorus Frog in Microhyla heymonsi Dark-sided Chorus Frog Microhyla mantheyi Manthey’s Chorus Frog
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REPTILES
TESTUDINES
Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle vt
Cheloniidae Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle vt Chelonia mydas Green Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle
Trionychidae Amyda cartilaginea Asian Softshell Turtle Dogania subplana Malayan Forest Softshell Turtle Pelochelys cantorii Asian Giant Softshell Turtle nd Pelodiscus sinensis Chinese Softshell Turtle ic
Geoemydidae Batagur affinis Southern River Terrapin nd Cuora amboinensis Malayan Box Terrapin Cyclemys dentata Asian Leaf Terrapin Heosemys spinosa Spiny Terrapin Notochelys platynota Malayan Flatshell Terrapin Siebenrockiella crassicollis Black Marsh Terrapin in?
Emydidae Trachemys scripta elegans Red-eared Slider ic
CROCODILIA
Crocodylidae Crocodylus porosus Estuarine Crocodile
SQUAMATA
Gekkonidae Aeluroscalabotes felinus Fox-faced Gecko nd Cnemaspis kendallii Kendall’s Rock Gecko Cyrtodactylus consobrinus Peters’ Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus majulah Singapore Bent-toed Gecko Gehyra mutilata Four-clawed Gecko Gekko gecko Tokay in Gekko monarchus Spotted House Gecko Gekko smithii Large Forest Gecko Hemidactylus brookii Brooke’s House Gecko nd Hemidactylus craspedotus Frilly Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Spiny-tailed House Gecko Hemidactylus garnotii Garnot’s House Gecko nd Hemidactylus platyurus Flat-tailed Gecko
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Hemiphyllodactylus typus Lowland Dwarf Gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris Mourning Gecko Luperosaurus browni Brown’s Flap-legged Gecko Ptychozoon horsfieldii Horsfield’s Gliding Gecko nd Ptychozoon kuhli Kuhl’s Gliding Gecko
Agamidae Acanthosaura armata Armoured Pricklenape nd Aphaniotis fusca Dusky Earless Agama Bronchocela cristatella Green Crested Lizard Calotes versicolor Changeable Garden Lizard in Draco abbreviatus Short-pouched Flying Dragon nd Draco formosus Red-edged Flying Dragon nd Draco melanopogon Black-bearded Flying Dragon Draco quinquefasciatus Five-banded Flying Dragon Draco sumatranus Sumatran Flying Dragon Gonocephalus bellii Bell’s Anglehead nd
Dactyloidae Norops sagrei Brown Anole in
Scincidae Dasia grisea Brown Tree Skink Dasia olivacea Olive Tree Skink Emoia atrocostata Mangrove Skink Eutropis multifasciatus Many-lined Sun Skink Eutropis rugiferus Striped Sun Skink Lipinia vittigera Striped Tree Skink Lygosoma bowringii Garden Supple Skink Lygosoma quadrupes Short-limbed Supple Skink nd Sphenomorphus sp. Malayan Swamp Skink
Varanidae Varanus dumerili Harlequin Monitor Varanus nebulosus Clouded Monitor Varanus salvator Malayan Water Monitor
Typhlopidae Ramphotyphlops braminus Brahminy Blind Snake Ramphotyphlops lineatus Striped Blind Snake nd Typhlops muelleri White-bellied Blind Snake
Cylindrophiidae Cylindrophis ruffus Red-tailed Pipe Snake
Xenopeltidae Xenopeltis unicolor Iridescent Earth Snake
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Pythonidae Malayopython reticulatus Reticulated Python Python brongersmai Blood Python ex
Acrochordidae Acrochordus granulatus Banded File Snake
Pareatidae Asthenodipsas laevis Smooth Slug Snake Pareas margaritophorus White-spotted Slug Snake in
Colubridae Ahaetulla fasciolata Speckle-headed Whip Snake Ahaetulla mycterizans Bigeye Green Whip Snake Ahaetulla prasina Oriental Whip Snake Boiga cynodon Dog-toothed Cat Snake Boiga dendrophila Gold-ringed Cat Snake Boiga drapiezii White-spotted Cat Snake Boiga jaspidea Jasper Cat Snake Calamaria albiventer Red-bellied Reed Snake nd Calamaria gimletti Gimlett’s Reed Snake nd Calamaria lumbricoidea Variable Reed Snake Calamaria schlegeli Pink-headed Reed Snake Chrysopelea paradisi Paradise Gliding Snake Chrysopelea pelias Twin-barred Gliding Snake Coelognathus flavolineatus Common Malayan Racer Coelognathus radiatus Copperhead Racer nd Dendrelaphis caudolineatus Striped Bronzeback Dendrelaphis cyanochloris Blue Bronzeback Dendrelaphis formosus Elegant Bronzeback Dendrelaphis haasi Haas’ Bronzeback Dendrelaphis kopsteini Red-necked Bronzeback Dendrelaphis pictus Painted Bronzeback Dryocalamus subannulatus Malayan Bridle Snake Dryophiops rubescens Keel-bellied Whip Snake Gongylosoma baliodeira Orange-bellied Ringneck Gonyophis margaritatus Rainbow Tree Snake nd Gonyosoma oxycephalum Red-tailed Racer Liopeltis tricolor Tricoloured Ringneck nd Lycodon capucinus House Wolf Snake Lycodon subcinctus Banded Wolf Snake Oligodon octolineatus Striped Kukri Snake Oligodon purpurascens Brown Kukri Snake Oligodon signatus Barred Kukri Snake Pseudorabdion longiceps Dwarf Reed Snake Ptyas carinata Keeled Rat Snake Ptyas fusca White-bellied Rat Snake Ptyas korros Indochinese Rat Snake Sibynophis melanocephalus Black-headed Collared Snake Xenelaphis hexagonotus Malayan Brown Snake
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Natricidae Amphiesma petersii Peters’ Keelback nd Macropisthodon rhodomelas Blue-necked Keelback Psammodynastes pictus Painted Mock-viper Rhabdophis subminiatus Red-necked Keelback nd Xenochrophis flavipunctatus Indochinese Checkered Keelback in? Xenochrophis maculatus Spotted Keelback Xenochrophis trianguligerus Triangle Keelback nd Xenochrophis vittatus Striped Keelback in
Homalopsidae Bitia hydroides Keel-bellied Water Snake nd Cantoria violacea Cantor’s Water Snake Cerberus schneiderii Sunda Dog-faced Water Snake Enhydris enhydris Rainbow Water Snake in Enhydris indica Malayan Water Snake nd Fordonia leucobalia Crab-eating Water Snake Gerarda prevostiana Yellow-lipped Water Snake Homalopsis buccata Puff-faced Water Snake
Elapidae Aipysurus eydouxii Beaded Sea-snake Astrotia stokesii Stokes’ Sea-snake nd Bungarus candidus Malayan Krait nd Bungarus fasciatus Banded Krait Calliophis bivirgatus Blue Malayan Coral Snake Calliophis gracilis Spotted Malayan Coral Snake nd Calliophis intestinalis Banded Malayan Coral Snake Enhydrina schistosa Beaked Sea-snake nd Hydrophis cyanocinctus Blue-banded Sea-snake nd Hydrophis fasciatus Banded Sea-snake nd Hydrophis lamberti Lambert’s Sea-snake nd Hydrophis torquatus Western Black-headed Sea-snake nd Lapemis hardwickii Hardwicke’s Short Sea-snake Laticauda colubrina Yellow-lipped Sea Krait Microcephalophis gracilis Small-headed Sea-snake nd Naja sumatrana Equatorial Spitting Cobra Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra Pelamis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea-snake vt
Viperidae Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus Shore Pit-viper Parias hageni Hagen’s Pit-viper nd Tropidolaemus wagleri Wagler’s Pit-viper
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MAMMALS
PROBOSCIDEA
Elephantidae Elephas maximus Asian Elephant vt
SIRENIA
Dugongidae Dugong dugon Dugong
SCANDENTIA
Tupaiidae Tupaia glis Common Malayan Treeshrew
Ptilocercidae Ptilocercus lowii Pen-tailed Treeshrew nd
DERMAPTERA
Cynocephalidae Galeopterus variegatus Malayan Colugo
PRIMATES
Lorisidae Nycticebus coucang Greater Slow Loris
Cercopithecidae Macaca fascicularis Common Long-tailed Macaque Presbytis femoralis Banded Surili
RODENTIA
Sciuridae Callosciurus finlaysonii Variable Squirrel in Callosciurus notatus Plantain Squirrel Hylopetes spadiceus Red-cheeked Flying Squirrel Iomys horsfieldii Horsfield’s Flying Squirrel Lariscus insignis Three-striped Ground Squirrel ex Ratufa affinis Cream-coloured Giant Squirrel ex? Rhinosciurus laticaudatus Shrew-faced Ground Squirrel Sundasciurus tenuis Slender Sunda Squirrel
Muridae Maxomys rajah Rajah Spiny Rat Maxomys surifer Red Spiny Rat nd Mus castaneus Asian House Mouse
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Rattus annandalei Annandale’s Rat Rattus exulans Polynesian Rat Rattus norvegicus Brown Rat in Rattus tanezumi Oriental House Rat Rattus tiomanicus Malaysian Wood Rat
Hystricidae Hystrix brachyura Malayan Porcupine
SORICOMORPHA
Soricidae Crocidura malayana Malayan Shrew Suncus murinus Asian House Shrew in
CHIROPTERA
Pteropodidae Cynopterus brachyotis Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus horsfieldii Horsfield’s Fruit Bat nd Cynopterus sphinx Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat nd Eonycteris spelaea Cave Nectar Bat Macroglossus minimus Dagger-toothed Long-nosed Fruit Bat Penthetor lucasi Dusky Fruit Bat Pteropus vampyrus Large Flying Fox vt Rousettus amplexicaudatus Geoffroy’s Rousette nd
Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus lepidus Glossy Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus luctus Greater Woolly Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus sedulus Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat nd Rhinolophus stheno Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat nd Rhinolophus trifoliatus Trefoil Horseshoe Bat
Hipposideridae Hipposideros bicolor Bicoloured Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros cervinus Fawn-coloured Leaf-nosed Bat nd Hipposideros ridleyi Ridley’s Leaf-nosed Bat nd
Megadermatidae Megaderma spasma Malayan False Vampire
Emballonuridae Emballonura monticola Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat Saccolaimus saccolaimus Naked-rumped Pouched Bat Taphozous melanopogon Black-bearded Tomb Bat
Nycteridae Nycteris tragata Malayan Slit-faced Bat
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Molossidae Chaerephon plicata Wrinkle-lipped Free-tailed Bat nd Cheiromeles torquatus Greater Naked Bat
Vespertilionidae Kerivoula hardwickii Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat Murina suilla Brown Tube-nosed Bat Myotis ‘adversus’ Large-footed Myotis Myotis muricola Whiskered Myotis Myotis oreias Singapore Whiskered Myotis ex? Pipistrellus javanicus Javan Pipistrelle Pipistrellus stenopterus Narrow-winged Pipistrelle Scotophilus kuhlii Asiatic Lesser Yellow House Bat Tylonycteris pachypus Lesser Bamboo Bat Tylonycteris robustula Greater Bamboo Bat
PHOLIDOTA
Manidae Manis javanica Sunda Pangolin
CARNIVORA
Felidae Panthera pardus Leopard ex Panthera tigris Tiger ex Prionailurus bengalensis Leopard Cat Prionailurus planiceps Flat-headed Cat nd
Viverridae Arctogalidia trivirgata Three-striped Palm Civet Cynogale bennettii Sunda Otter Civet ex Paguma larvata Masked Palm Civet nd Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Common Palm Civet Viverra tangalunga Malaysian Civet Viverra zibetha Large Indian Civet
Herpestidae Herpestes brachyurus Short-tailed Mongoose nd
Mustelidae Aonyx cinerea Oriental Small-clawed Otter Lutrogale perspicillata Smooth Otter
PERISSODACTYLA
Tapiridae Tapirus indicus indicus Malayan Tapir vt
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ARTIODACTYLA
Suidae Sus scrofa Wild Pig
Tragulidae Tragulus kanchil Lesser Mousedeer Tragulus napu Greater Mousedeer
Cervidae Muntiacus muntjak Red Barking Deer ex Rusa unicolor Sambar ex/in
CETACEA
Phocoenidae Neophocaena phocaenoides Finless Porpoise
Delphinidae Orcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin Pseudorca crassidens False Killer Whale vt Sousa chinensis Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin Stenella attenuata Pantropical Spotted Dolphin nd Tursiops aduncus Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin
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