DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Report of Karyotype in the Chevron Snakehead Fish, Channa Striata (Channidae, Pisces) from Northeast Thailand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Report of Karyotype in the Chevron Snakehead Fish, Channa Striata (Channidae, Pisces) from Northeast Thailand © 2009 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 74(3): 317–322, 2009 A New Report of Karyotype in the Chevron Snakehead Fish, Channa striata (Channidae, Pisces) from Northeast Thailand Weerayuth Supiwong, Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame and Alongkoad Tanomtong* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand Received July 23, 2009; accepted November 14, 2009 Summary The chromosomes of the chevron snakehead fish (Channa striata) from Khon Kaen and Mahasarakam provinces, Northeast Thailand, were investigated by using conventional staining and Ag-NOR staining techniques. The diploid chromosome number of all 2 populations was 2nϭ42, with karyotype composed of 6 metacentric, 2 acrocentric and 34 telocentric chromosomes, NFϭ50, without heteromorphic sex chromosomes. This is a new report of karyotype in the C. striata. Ag- NOR was located on region adjacent to the centromere of chromosome pair 14. Here we first demonstrated Ag-NOR bands in snakehead fish from Thailand. In the future, basic knowledge about C. striata and its cytogenetics will be applied to studies of breeding, conservation and chromosome evolution in this fish. Key words Snakehead fish (Channa striata), Karyotype, Chromosome, Thailand. The chevron snakehead fish (Channa striata) is a member of the family Channidae which are the native fish in Asia (Thailand, Indonesia) and Africa. Snakeheads are very important in fishery, aquaculture, food fish species, pharmaceutical products and traditional medicine (Ambak et al. 2006). The 2 genera of Channidae are Channa and Parachanna. Channa are the native fish in Asia and Parachanna are endemic in Africa. At present, there are 29 snakeheads species found in the world including 3 species of Parachanna and 26 species of Channa. There are 7 species found in Thailand (Courtenay and Williams 2004, Vidthayanon 2005). There have only been few cytogenetic studies on the Channid fish in Thailand. Six species have been studied cytogenetically, each having a different diploid number: C. marulioides, 2nϭ38 (Magtoon et al. 2006), C. striata, 2nϭ44 (Wattanodorn et al. 1985, Donsakul and Magtoon 1991), C. marulius, 2nϭ44, C. micropeltes, 2nϭ44, C. lucius, 2nϭ48 and C. gachua, 2nϭ112 (Donsakul and Magtoon 1991). However, some species from India and Bangladesh have different diploid number from these studies i.e. C. (2nϭ40), C. marulius (2nϭ40) and C. gachua (2nϭ78) (Nayyar 1966, Banerjee et al. 2003, Ruma et al. 2006). All that we mentioned before the variations on chromosome number and morphology in Thai and Indian snakehead fish. Variations on chromosome number and morphology can be found between different populations of the same species or among different individuals of the same population and even in different cells of the same specimen (Diniz and Bertollo 2006). Furthermore, interpopulational chromosome variation has also been observed in the Erythrinid fish, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Giuliano-Caetano et al. 2001, Diniz and Bertollo 2003). In this article, we report karyotypes and other chromosomal markers such as the these Ag- stained nucleolar organizer region (Ag-NOR) of C. striata population from Khon Kaen and * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 318 W. Supiwong et al. Cytologia 74(3) Fig. 1. Metaphase chromosome plates of the chevron snakehead fish (Channa striata, 2nϭ42) from Northeast Thailand by using conventional straining technique (above) and Ag-NOR straining technique (below). The arrows indicate the metacentric chromosomes and the arrow heads show NOR-bearing chromosome (barϭ5 micrometres). Mahasarakam provinces, Northeast Thailand. This study describes the similarities and differences of chromosome among populations. Moreover, we also report the first description in Ag-NOR chromosome of the sneakheads from Thailand. In the future, basic knowledge about C. striata and its cytogenetics will be applied for the studies of breeding, conservation and chromosome evolution in this fish. Materials and methods Five males and 10 females of C. striata were obtained from local markets in the Khon Kaen and Mahasakam provinces, Northeast Thailand. The fishes were transferred to laboratory aquaria and were kept under standard conditions for 7 d prior to the experiments. The Procedure for fish chromosome preparation by white blood cells culture was modified from Gold et al. (1990) and/or 2009 A New Report of Karyotype in the Chevron Snakehead Fish 319 Fig. 2. Metaphase chromosome plates and karyotypes of male (A) and female (B) chevron snakehead fish (Channa striata, 2nϭ42) from Northeast Thailand by using conventional staining technique. The arrows indicate the metacentric chromosomes pair 1, 2 and 4 (barϭ5 micrometres). 320 W. Supiwong et al. Cytologia 74(3) Table 1. Mean of length short arm chromosome (Ls), length long arm chromosome (Ll), length total arm chromosome (LT), relative length (RL), centromeric index (CI) and standard deviation (SD) of RL, CI from metaphase chromosomes in 30 cells of the chevron snakehead fish (Channa striata, 2nϭ42) Chromosome Ls Ll LT RLϮS.D. CIϮS.D. Size Type pairs 1 0.970 1.003 1.973 0.0376Ϯ0.0026 0.509Ϯ0.006 L m 2 0.851 0.906 1.757 0.0332Ϯ0.0018 0.518Ϯ0.015 L m 3 0.250 1.296 1.546 0.0299Ϯ0.0018 0.843Ϯ0.051 L a 4 0.743 0.800 1.543 0.0283Ϯ0.0013 0.519Ϯ0.017 L m 5 0.000 1.351 1.351 0.0257Ϯ0.0011 1Ϯ0.000 M t 6 0.000 1.305 1.305 0.0248Ϯ0.0011 1Ϯ0.000 M t 7 0.000 1.262 1.262 0.0240Ϯ0.0011 1Ϯ0.000 M t 8 0.000 1.226 1.226 0.0233Ϯ0.0009 1Ϯ0.000 M t 9 0.000 1.201 1.201 0.0229Ϯ0.0008 1Ϯ0.000 M t 10 0.000 1.178 1.178 0.0224Ϯ0.0006 1Ϯ0.000 M t 11 0.000 1.155 1.155 0.0219Ϯ0.0005 1Ϯ0.000 M t 12 0.000 1.134 1.134 0.0215Ϯ0.0005 1Ϯ0.000 M t 13 0.000 1.118 1.118 0.0212Ϯ0.0005 1Ϯ0.000 M t 14 0.000 1.091 1.091 0.0207Ϯ0.0007 1Ϯ0.000 M t 15 0.000 1.060 1.060 0.0201Ϯ0.0008 1Ϯ0.000 M t 16 0.000 1.034 1.034 0.0197Ϯ0.0009 1Ϯ0.000 M t 17 0.000 1.006 1.006 0.0191Ϯ0.0010 1Ϯ0.000 M t 18 0.000 0.964 0.964 0.0183Ϯ0.0011 1Ϯ0.000 S t 19 0.000 0.915 0.915 0.0174Ϯ0.0011 1Ϯ0.000 S t 20 0.000 0.872 0.872 0.0165Ϯ0.0013 1Ϯ0.000 S t 21 0.000 0.837 0.837 0.0158Ϯ0.0014 1Ϯ0.000 S t Remarks: Lϭlarge chromosome (LTϾ1.405), Mϭmedium chromosome (LTϭ0.987–1.405), Sϭsmall chromosome (LTϽ0.987), mϭmetacentric chromosome, aϭacrocentric chromosome and tϭtelocentric chromosome. directly prepared kidney cells (Chen and Ebeling 1968, Nanda et al. 1995). The chromosome slides were stained with 10% Giemsa’s for 30min and Ag-NOR sites were identified according to Howell and Black (1980). The metaphase figures were analyzed according to the chromosome classification after Chaiyasut (1989). The centromeric index (CI) between 0.50–0.59, 0.60–0.69, 0.70–0.89 and 0.90–0.99 were described as metacentric, submetasentric, acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes, respectively. The fundamental number, number of chromosome arm or NF, is obtained by assigning a value of 2 to metacentric, submetasentric and acrocentric chromosomes and 1 to telocentric chromosome. Results and discussion The diploid number (2n) found in C. striata was 42 chromosomes in both sexes. This differs from previous studies by Wattanodorn et al. (1985), Donsakul and Magtoon (1991), Nayyar (1966) and Banerjee et al. (1988). The NF was 50 which agrees with Wattanodorn et al. (1985) and Nayyar (1966) but differs from reports by Donsakul and Magtoon (1991) and Banerjee et al. (1988). The karyotype was composed of 6 metacentric, 2 acrocentric and 34 telocentric chromosomes (Figs. 1, 2). No cytologically distinguishable sex chromosome was observed. In the present study, karyotype of the C. striata among populations was different because of the genetic variation between inter- population of the snakeheads and the difference in the criteria for classification of chromosome type. However, there were some interesting events, the 2 reducing diploid chromosomes while the 2 metacentric chromosomes adding in the genome. For example, Wattanodorn et al. (1985) reported 2nϭ44 chromosomes including 4 metacentric chromosomes (Central Thailand), whereas this study 2009 A New Report of Karyotype in the Chevron Snakehead Fish 321 (Northeast Thailand) has 2nϭ42 composing 6 metacentric chromosomes, and Banerjee et al. (1988) found 2nϭ40 chromosomes with 8 metacentric chromosomes in snakehead fish from India. The variation on chromosomal number was derived from intraspecific Robertsonian translocation (centric fusion) through which 2 telocenric chromosomes fuse becoming to metacentric chromosome. The 2n changes as a result of the translocation, but the NF remains constant. This phenomenon also found in C. asiatica (Channidae). The population from Guangzhou (South Guangdong province) has 2nϭ46 chromosomes; whereas those from Shashi (Hubei province) and Shaoguan (North of Guangdong province) have 2nϭ44 chromo- somes. However, these 2 complements share an equal number of chromosomal arms (Yu and Zhou 1996). Moreover, for green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), 3 karyotypes were Fig. 3. Idiograms showing lengths and shapes of ϭ chromosomes of the chevron snakehead fish detected: 1) 2n 48 telocentric chromosomes; (Channa striata, 2nϭ42) by using conventional 2) 2nϭ46 chromosomes (44 telocentric staining technique. chromosomesϩ2 metacentric chromosomes); 3) 2nϭ47 chromosomes (46 telocentric chromosomesϩ1 metacentric chromosome). It was concluded that this variation was due to centric fusions between telocentric chromosomes. Consequently, the derived metacentric chromosome was formed (Beçak et al. 1966). Accordingly, this process plays an important role in small scale evolution in snakehead fish. C. striata displayed terminal Ag-NOR on chromosome pair 14 (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Smujo International
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 3, March 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1196-1200 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210346 Short Communication: Proximate analysis, amino acid profile and albumin concentration of various weights of Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes) from Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia WAHYU WIRA PRATAMA1, HAPPY NURSYAM2, ANIK MARTINAH HARIATI3, R. ADHARYAN ISLAMY3,, VERYL HASAN4, 1Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya. Jl. Veteran No.16, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia 2Department of Fishery Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya. Jl. Veteran No.16, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia 3Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya. Jl. Veteran No.16, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-341-553-512, Fax.: +62-341-556-837, email: [email protected] 4Department of Fish Health Management and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Airlangga. Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyosari, Surabaya 60113, East Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-31-315911541, Fax.: +62-31-5965741, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 13 November 2019. Revision accepted: 23 February 2020. Abstract. Pratama WW, Nursyam H, Hariati AM, Islamy RA, Hasan V. 2020. Short Communication: Proximate analysis, amino acid profile and albumin concentration of various weights of Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes) from Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1196-1200. Fish is an important foodstuff due to its nutritional value and high protein. One of popular fish as a foodstuff in tropical Asia is giant snakehead fish (Channa micropeltes). This study aims to examine the proximate composition, amino acid profile, and albumin concentration of giant snakeheads in various weights and to determine the best weight of giant snakeheads according to the proximate, amino acid, and albumin concentration.
    [Show full text]
  • Snakeheadsnepal Pakistan − (Pisces,India Channidae) PACIFIC OCEAN a Biologicalmyanmar Synopsis Vietnam
    Mongolia North Korea Afghan- China South Japan istan Korea Iran SnakeheadsNepal Pakistan − (Pisces,India Channidae) PACIFIC OCEAN A BiologicalMyanmar Synopsis Vietnam and Risk Assessment Philippines Thailand Malaysia INDIAN OCEAN Indonesia Indonesia U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1251 SNAKEHEADS (Pisces, Channidae)— A Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment By Walter R. Courtenay, Jr., and James D. Williams U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1251 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Copyrighted material reprinted with permission. 2004 For additional information write to: Walter R. Courtenay, Jr. Florida Integrated Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 7920 N.W. 71st Street Gainesville, Florida 32653 For additional copies please contact: U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Box 25286 Denver, Colorado 80225-0286 Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Walter R. Courtenay, Jr., and James D. Williams Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae)—A Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment / by Walter R. Courtenay, Jr., and James D. Williams p. cm. — (U.S. Geological Survey circular ; 1251) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN.0-607-93720 (alk. paper) 1. Snakeheads — Pisces, Channidae— Invasive Species 2. Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment. Title. II. Series. QL653.N8D64 2004 597.8’09768’89—dc22 CONTENTS Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Literature Review and Background Information . 4 Taxonomy and Synonymy .
    [Show full text]
  • Length-Weight and Length-Length Relationship of Three Species of Snakehead Fish, Channa Diplogramma, C
    Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2013 | 5(13): 4769–4773 Western Ghats Special Series ISSN Length-weight and length-length relationship of three Communication Short Online 0974–7907 species of snakehead fish, Channa diplogramma, C. marulius Print 0974–7893 and C. striata from the riverine reaches of Lake Vembanad, OPEN ACCESS Kerala, India Anvar Ali 1, Neelesh Dahanukar 2 & Rajeev Raghavan 3 1,3 Conservation Research Group (CRG), St. Albert’s College, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India 2 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India 2,3 Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 96 Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: The length-weight relationship (LWR) and length-length Snakeheads of the genus Channa Scopoli, 1777, are relationships (LLR) of three snakehead fishes, Channa diplogramma, among the most popular food fishes in tropical Asia (Wee C. marulius and C. striata, exploited by small-scale fishers in the riverine reaches of Lake Vembanad, Kerala were studied using the 1982). In addition to being a common staple food fish, allometric growth equation Y = aXb. Our analysis shows that the LWR snakeheads are also consumed therapeutically for wound of C. diplogramma and C. marulius is nonisometric with exponents much smaller than the cubic value (b = 3), while that of C. striata is healing and reducing post-operative pain and discomfort isometric. Channa marulius showed a definite change in LWR with (Gam et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Performance, Length-Weight Relationship of Snakehead Fish Channa Striata (Bloch) Fed with Different Diets
    International Journal of Zoological Investigations Vol. 4, No. 1, 81- 87 (2018) _______________________________________________________________________________________ International Journal of Zoological Investigations Contents available at Journals Home Page: www.ijzi.net ISSN: 2454-3055 Growth Performance, Length-Weight Relationship of Snakehead Fish Channa striata (Bloch) Fed With Different Diets Sugumaran E.1*, Shabeena B.2 and Radhakrishnan M.V.3 1Department of Zoology, Anand Arts and Science College, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India 2Hebron Matriculation school, Manchampoondi, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India 3Department of Zoology, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tiruppur, Tamilnadu, India *Corresponding Author Received: 7th june 2018 Accepted: 22nd June 2018 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: A ninety day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of different diets on the growth, specific growth rate of Murrel Channa striata. Triplicate groups of C. striata with average initial body weight of 11.02 g were fed with three isonitrogenous diets of 2% of wet body weight. Maximum weight gain was recorded with diet having 59.75% rice bran, 10.50% mustard cake, 12.25% groundnut cake, 10.25% soybean meal, 1.5% vitamin-mineral mixture and 0.5% salt with specific growth rate of 0.413. Keywords: Channa striata, Formulated diets, Growth, Length–Weight relationship ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Eu Non-Native Organism Risk Assessment Scheme
    EU NON-NATIVE SPECIES RISK ANALYSIS – RISK ASSESSMENT Channa spp. EU NON-NATIVE ORGANISM RISK ASSESSMENT SCHEME Name of organism: Channa spp. Author: Deputy Direction of Nature (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment) Risk Assessment Area: Europe Draft version: December 2016 Peer reviewed by: David Almeida. GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain ([email protected]) Date of finalisation: 23/01/2017 Peer reviewed by: Quim Pou Rovira. Coordinador tècnic del LIFE Potamo Fauna. Plaça dels estudis, 2. 17820- Banyoles ([email protected]) Final version: 31/01/2017 1 EU NON-NATIVE SPECIES RISK ANALYSIS – RISK ASSESSMENT Channa spp. EU CHAPPEAU QUESTION RESPONSE 1. In how many EU member states has this species been recorded? List An adult specimen of Channa micropeltes was captured on 22 November 2012 at Le them. Caldane (Colle di Val d’Elsa, Siena, Tuscany, Italy) (43°23′26.67′′N, 11°08′04.23′′E).This record of Channa micropeltes, the first in Europe (Piazzini et al. 2014), and it constitutes another case of introduction of an alien species. Globally, exotic fish are a major threat to native ichthyofauna due to their negative impact on local species (Crivelli 1995, Elvira 2001, Smith and Darwall 2006, Gozlan et al. 2010, Hermoso and Clavero 2011). Channa argus in Slovakia (Courtenay and Williams, 2004, Elvira, 2001) Channa argus in Czech Republic (Courtenay and Williams 2004, Elvira, 2001) 2. In how many EU member states has this species currently None established populations? List them. 3. In how many EU member states has this species shown signs of None invasiveness? List them.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Length and Otolith Size Relationship of the Channa Striata in Lake Rawa Pening, Central Java, Indonesia Djumanto
    Fish length and otolith size relationship of the Channa striata in Lake Rawa Pening, Central Java, Indonesia Djumanto Laboratory of Aquatic Resource, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Corresponding author: Djumanto, [email protected] Abstract. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between length, width and weight of the otolith to the total length and daily ring in otolith of the snakehead (Channa striata Bloch, 1793). Fish sampling was conducted monthly from October 2017 to August 2018 on Lake Rawa Pening, Central Java, Indonesia. Fish total length, then otolith length, width, and weight were measured, and sex determined. Otoliths were embedded in epoxy acrylic resins and cut from the anterior to the posterior limits, in a transversal section, using a double ceramic saw. The daily ring number was calculated under a light microscope with a magnification of 100-200. The sampling population consisted of 217 individuals, among which 85 females and 132 males. Female and male average lengths were 36.6 cm and 33.0 cm, respectively, ranging over the intervals from 24.2 to 64.8 cm and 23.4 to 64.6 cm, respectively. The average number of daily rings of the otoliths was 180 days, with a range of 108-309 days. The number of otolith daily rings between left and right and between females and males did not differ significantly. Key Words: daily range, snakehead, length, width, weight. Introduction. Snakehead (Channa striata) is a fish species that inhabits in lotic, lentic freshwater and shallow flooded areas. This fish is found in rivers or swamps in the south and Southeast Asia from India, Thailand (Jutagate et al 2013) to Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Variation of Striped Snakehead (Channa Striatus Bloch, 1793) Populations Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers
    Vol. 6(5), pp. 363-372, May 2014 DOI: 10.5897/IJBC2013.0649 Article Number: C7F0F7D44255 International Journal of Biodiversity ISSN 2141-243X Copyright © 2014 and Conservation Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/IJBC Full Length Research Paper Genetic variation of striped snakehead (Channa striatus Bloch, 1793) populations using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers Ajaz Ali Bhat1, M. A. Haniffa1*, M. James Milton1, Bilal Ahmad Paray1, P. R. Divya2 and A. Gopalakrishnan2 1Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai Tamilnadu-627 002, India. 2National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Cochin Unit, CMFRI Campus, Kochi- 682 018, India. Receive 02 November, 2013; Accepted 15 April, 2014 Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was applied to analyze the genetic variation among Channa striatus collected from four geographically distant locations in India. After initial PCR screening, nine random oligodecamers viz. OPA10, OPA11, OPA15, OPAC01, OPAC03, OPAC05, OPAC07, OPAC09 and OPAC19 which generated the RAPD profile for the four C. striatus populations were selected. Amplification using these nine primers resulted in fragments ranging in length between 309-3029 bp assigned to 87 loci. Estimates of Nei’s (1978) unbiased genetic distance (D) values ranged from 0.3242-0.6320. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram constructed on the basis of genetic distance revealed very close genetic relationship among C. striatus populations of river Tamirabarani (Tamil Nadu) and river Periyar (Kerala). Both populations from river Tamirabarani and Periyar were found to be genetically closer to fish populations from Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh) whereas C.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Species Program—Snakeheads, Aquatic Invaders
    Invasive Species Program—Snakeheads, Aquatic Invaders What are snakeheads? Snakeheads are airbreathing fresh- water fishes that are not native to North America. In scientific terms, snakeheads are divided into two distinct genera: Northern snakehead (Channa argus) Illustration by Susan Trammell • Channa (snakeheads of Asia, Malaysia, and Indonesia); and Where are they from? and Virginia, in late spring and during summer 2004 indicates that this species is • Parachanna (African snakeheads). Snakeheads are native to parts of Asia likely reproducing there. In the summer of 2002 and again in and Africa. Fishery scientists have found late spring 2004, one of the Asian spe- individuals of four species in waters How did they get here? cies, the northern snakehead, generated of California, Florida, Hawaii, Maine, national media attention when anglers Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Prior to being added to the list of caught this fish in a pond in Maryland Virginia, and Wisconsin. Reproduc- injurious wildlife under the Lacey Act in and, more recently, in the Potomac River ing populations, however, have been October 2002, which banned import and in Maryland and Virginia. Fisheries sci- documented only in Florida, Hawaii, interstate transport without a permit from entists consider snakeheads to be invasive and Maryland. The blotched snakehead the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, snake- species because they have the potential (Channa maculata) has thrived in Oahu, heads were sold in pet stores and in live to threaten native fishes, the recreational Hawaii, for more than a century; the food fish markets and some restaurants fishing industry, and aquatic ecosystems. bullseye snakehead (C.
    [Show full text]
  • STUDI CARA PENGAPLIKASIAN EKSTRAK SERAI (Cymbopogon Citratus) TERHADAP SERANGAN LALAT HIJAU (Chrysomya Megacephala) PADA PENJEMURAN IKAN ASIN GABUS (Channa Striata)
    Journal of Tropical Fisheries (2019) 14 (1) : 16-19 Tyas W. Sulistyaningrum, Evnaweri : Studi Cara Pengaplikasian Serai... HASIL PENELITIAN STUDI CARA PENGAPLIKASIAN EKSTRAK SERAI (Cymbopogon citratus) TERHADAP SERANGAN LALAT HIJAU (Chrysomya megacephala) PADA PENJEMURAN IKAN ASIN GABUS (Channa striata) Study of lemongrass extract on outbreak of green fly in drying salted snakehead fish Tyas Wara Sulistyaningrum, Evnaweri Email : lilis_tyasningrum@fish upr.ac.id Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan Universitas Palangka Raya (Diterima/Received : 12 Juli 2019, Disetujui/Accepted: 25 Juli 2019) ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh cara pengaplikasian dengan penyemprotan dan perendaman ekstrak serai (Cymbopogon citratus) dengan perbandingan 1:3 terhadap serangan lalat (Chrysomya megacephala) saat proses penjemuran serta mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak serai untuk mengurangi jumlah koloni pada ikan gabus (Channa striata) asin. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif yaitu menyajikan data apa adanya dan uji TPC untuk melihat angka koloninya. Rancangan penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 perlakuan yaitu A (Kontrol), B (penyemprotan) dan C (perendaman). Cara pengaplikasian dengan cara perendaman dalam ekstrak serai menyatakan keefektifannya mengurangi serangan lalat hijau selama penjemuran serta efektif mengurangi bakteri didukung oleh data jumlah koloni yang paling kecil yaitu 1,52 x 104. Kata kunci: Ekstrak serai, penyemprotan, perendaman, lalat, ikan asin, TPC ABSTRACT This research was studying about the application on lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extract spay and submersion toward oriental latrine fly (Chrysomya megacephala) incursion in the process of drying along with the impact of the lemongrass extract to decrease the colony of the flies on salted snakehead fish (Channa striata). The method that being used was descriptive method that served the actual data and TPC tested to look at the number of the colony.
    [Show full text]
  • Snakehead Fish (Channa Striata) and Its Biochemical Properties for Therapeutics and Health Benefits
    Review Article Published: 30 Mar, 2018 SF Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) and Its Biochemical Properties for Therapeutics and Health Benefits Rahman MA1*, Molla MHR1, Sarker MK2, Chowdhury SH1 and Shaikh MM1 1World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Nam-gu, Busan, Korea 2Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Nam-gu, Busan, Korea Abstract Snakehead fish is largely used for food, traditional medicines and pharmacological therapeutics including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, cell proliferation, induction of platelet accretion and anti-nociceptive activities. Snakehead extract contains high levels of essential amino acids and a good profile of fatty acids that could directly improve tissue growth, wound healing, nutraceutical supplements and pharmaceutical products. It contains essential fatty acids, indicating the abundant presence of 30% C16:0 along with other major fatty acids of C20:4 (19%), C18:0 (15%), C22:6 (15%) and C18:1 (12%). It also contains 19.0% of arachidonic acid (C20:4), a precursor for prostaglandin and thromboxane biosynthesis, which represents the best composite for wound healing processes. Individually in fillet and mucus extracts of snakehead is found to exhibit a concentration dependent antinociceptive activity. Recently snakehead fish has been used as biomedical and nutraceutical products for clinical trials, treatment of several chronic diseases as well as improvement of human health and therapeutics to a greater extent. Keywords: Biochemical properties; Antinociceptive activity; Therapeutics; Pharmacological activity Introduction The snakehead fish (Channa striata) (Figure 1), is locally known as ‘Shoal’ in Bangladesh. It is fresh water fishing the Southeast Asian countries and considered as a source of high quality protein OPEN ACCESS and traditional remedy of sickness.
    [Show full text]
  • Channa Marulius Global Invasive
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Channa marulius Channa marulius System: Freshwater Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Actinopterygii Perciformes Channidae Common name kalamasa (Marathi, India), haal (English, Pakistan), maral (Marathi, India), soal (English), ngamuporom (Manipuri, India), phoola-chapa (English, Andhra Pradesh), pa gooan (Lao, Lao People's Democratic Republic), Indian snakehead (English), pool-a-malle (Telugu, India), murrel (English), Augenfleck-Schlangenkopf (German, Germany), trey raws (English, Sri Lanka), pba gooa (Lao, Lao People's Democratic Republic), gangara (Sinhalese, Sri Lanka), pa kouan (Lao, Lao People's Democratic Republic), great snakehead (English), bhaura (Nepali, Nepal), pla chon ngu hao (English, Cambodia), nga-yan-daing (Burmese, Myanmar), iru viral (Tamil, Sri Lanka), kalumaha (Sinhalese, Sri Lanka), cobra snakehead (English), kæmpe-slangehovedfisk (Danish, Denmark), gozar (Bengali, Bangladesh), gajal (English, West Bengal), hoovina- mural (Kannada, India), poomeenu (English, Orissa), avalu (Kannada, India), saal (English, Punjab), vral (Malayalam, India), sawal (English, Punjab), sawl (Punjabi, India), sal (English, Assam), giant snakehead (English), pumurl (English, West Bengal), coaree Veralavuree (Tamil, India), bhor (English, Bihar), bullseye snakehead (English), kubrah (English, Bihar), zmeegolov-maruliy (Russian, Russian Federation), dowlah (English, Punjab), gajar (Bengali, Bangladesh), ara (Sinhalese, Karnataka), saul (Nepali, Nepal), aviu (English, Karnataka), pla tjon gnoo aow (Thai,
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Performance and Survival of Snakehead Channa Striata Juvenile with Different Stocking Density Reared in Recirculation System
    Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 17 (2), 104–112 (2018) Original article DOI: 10.19027/jai.17.2.104-112 Growth performance and survival of snakehead Channa striata juvenile with different stocking density reared in recirculation system Kinerja pertumbuhan dan sintasan benih ikan gabus Channa striata dengan padat tebar yang berbeda pada sistem resirkulasi Adang Saputra1*, Tatag Budiardi2, Reza Samsudin1, Naufal Dwi Rahmadya2 1Institute of Research and Development for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extention, Jalan Sempur No 1 Bogor 16445 Indonesia 2Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680 Indonesia *Email: [email protected] (Received March 29, 2017; Accepted July 16, 2018) ABSTRACT Snakehead Channa striata is a local specific fish species and has high economic value. Until now the production of snakehead still relies on the catch of nature because cultivation of snakehead is still underdeveloped. The main constraint in snakehead fish farming is high mortality on snakehead juvenile rearing phase. This study was conducted to determine the best stocking density on snakehead juvenile rearing to achieve optimal production. The treatments used in this study were stocking density of 1 juvenile/L, 2 juveniles/L, and 3 juveniles/L. Snakehead juveniles with a body length of 3.41 ± 0.39 cm and weight 0.28 ± 0.07 g, were reared for 42 days in the aquarium sized 40×40×40 cm with a volume of 40 L. Fishes were fed by bloodworms in ad libitum method. The result showed that the treatments did not affect the survival, growth, and the ratio of RNA/DNA of snakehead juvenile.
    [Show full text]