Growth Performance, Length-Weight Relationship of Snakehead Fish Channa Striata (Bloch) Fed with Different Diets

International Journal of Zoological Investigations Vol. 4, No. 1, 81- 87 (2018) _______________________________________________________________________________________ International Journal of Zoological Investigations Contents available at Journals Home Page: www.ijzi.net ISSN: 2454-3055 Growth Performance, Length-Weight Relationship of Snakehead Fish Channa striata (Bloch) Fed With Different Diets Sugumaran E.1*, Shabeena B.2 and Radhakrishnan M.V.3 1Department of Zoology, Anand Arts and Science College, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India 2Hebron Matriculation school, Manchampoondi, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India 3Department of Zoology, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tiruppur, Tamilnadu, India *Corresponding Author Received: 7th june 2018 Accepted: 22nd June 2018 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: A ninety day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of different diets on the growth, specific growth rate of Murrel Channa striata. Triplicate groups of C. striata with average initial body weight of 11.02 g were fed with three isonitrogenous diets of 2% of wet body weight. Maximum weight gain was recorded with diet having 59.75% rice bran, 10.50% mustard cake, 12.25% groundnut cake, 10.25% soybean meal, 1.5% vitamin-mineral mixture and 0.5% salt with specific growth rate of 0.413. Keywords: Channa striata, Formulated diets, Growth, Length–Weight relationship ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction Fish plays a vital role in feeding the world’s snakehead murrel is able to tolerate adverse population and contributing significantly to environments due to its hardiness and air- the dietary protein intake of hundreds of breathing capabilities assisted with a millions of the populace. The freshwater suprabranchial chamber, an air-breathing striped snakehead fish, Channa striata (Bloch, organ (Ng and Lim, 1990; Qin et al., 1997; 1793) belonging to family Channidae, the Chandra and Banerjee, 2004; Mollah et al., native species of southern Asia (Mohsin and 2009) which is unique to Channidae but Ambak, 1983; Lee and Ng, 1994; Hossain et al., exclusive in other freshwater fish families 2008), has wide range habitats found in (Munshi, 1962; Ishimatsu and Itazawa, 1981; rivers, swamps, ponds, canals, lakes, and land Ishimatsu and Itazawa, 1993). The local and of rice fields (Song et al., 2013). This carnivore international markets greatly demand for this 81 fish due to its commercial value, rapid growth, Materials and Methods tolerance to high stocking density, and Diet Formulation medicinal value in enhancing wound healing and reducing postoperative pain (Jais et Three isonitrogenous diets (34.65 – 36.80% al.,1997; Qin et al., 1997; Mollah et al., 2009). crude protein on dry weight basis) i.e. D1, D2 and D3 were formulated using rice bran, The quantitative perspectives, such as mustard cake, ground nut cake and soybean length-weight relationship, condition factor, meal (Table 1). For preparation of diets, all development, and mortality of fishes are feed ingredients (dry) were first grounded to imperative tools for contemplating fish a small particle size in a laboratory electric biology (Lizama and De Los, 2002). Water grinder and sieved through an approximately quality parameters such as temperature, pH, 250 μm sieve. Ingredients were thoroughly electrical conductivity and total ammonia are mixed in a food mixer for 15 minutes. Enough important, dissolved oxygen (DO) is more water was slowly added to make pellets. The essential for growth and survival of a fish pelleted diets were dried overnight at 55 C. because it affects fish respiration as well as Proximate composition of feed ingredients nitrite and ammonia toxicity (Olurin and and formulated diets was determined Aderibigbe, 2006). Furthermore, fish are following the standard methods of AOAC unable to assimilate the food consumed when (2005). DO is low (Tom,1998). Condition factor Experimental Protocol reflects the physiological state of a fish in Irrespective of sex, healthy specimens of C. relation to its welfare (Ighwela et al., 2011), striata (10.64 ± 0.3 cm length and 11.00 g and from dietary perspective, it indicates weight) were collected locally from a single accumulation of fat and gonad development population and confined to large cement tanks (Le-Cren, 1951). Poorly conditioned fishes are in the laboratory. The experiment was associated with negative allometric growth, conducted over a period of 90 days in three 25 which implies that the fish becomes more m2 (5 X5 X1 m) cement tanks with 15 cm soil slender as it increases in weight whilst fishes base following the method of Dharmaraj et al. with appropriate condition factor have (2002). In all the tanks initially added 0.25 kg isometric growth, which implies that the fish of quick lime. Water was filled to the tanks becomes relatively deeper bodied as it from a perennial well and a depth of 90 ± 2 cm increases in length. The condition factor of was maintained throughout the experimental fish can be affected by a number of factors period. After two weeks fingerlings of C. such as stress, sex, season, availability of feeds striata were stocked at 25 per tank. and water quality (Khallaf et al., 2003). Formulated diets were provided at 2% of However, limited studies are conducted on the body weight at 9 am daily. Physico–chemical growth and culture potentiality of Channa parameters of water samples, including water striata. Therefore the present study has temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total been carried out to estimate the efficacy of alkalinity, hardness, NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N different formulated diets on length-weight and PO4-P were measured following standard relationship and growth rate of C. striata. methods (APHA, 2005). 82 Specific growth rate (SGR) of fish was all tanks, the maximum Specific growth rate assessed by the formula-- was recorded in D1 followed by D2 and D3. SGR = In final weight – ln initial weight X 100 Lengh-weight relationship of C. striata reared Time (in days) in different experimental tanks has been given in Fig. 1. The length-weight (log-transformed) Discussion relationships were determined by linear All the physico-chemical parameters such as regression analysis and scatter diagrams of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total length and weight were plotted. The length alkalinity, hardness, NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N and weight of individual fish in each tank and PO4-P were within the range as suggested were measured at the start and every 15 days by Boyd and Pillai (1984), Rowland (1986) to monitor growth response according to the and Boyd and Tucker (1998). The good water methods of Jobling (1983). Statistical analysis quality parameters recorded in all the dietary of the data included the one-way analysis of treatments coupled with food availability and variance (ANOVA) using the SPSS version 10.0 for Windows on PC (Statistical Graphics Corp, y = 0.9836x + 0.0376 D1 US). Significant mean differences were R² = 0.9921 1.8 separated at 5% using the methods of Steel et al. (1997) whereas appropriate and values are 1.3 expressed as mean ± SE. Log weight Weight (g) Results 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 The physico-chemical parameters for the Log Length various dietary tanks has been given in Table y = 0.9628x + 0.0734 2. The temperature ranged as 28 C in all three D2 R² = 0.9965 tanks, pH ranged from 8.1 to 8.2, dissolved 1.8 oxygen ranged from 6.20 to 6.87, total alkalinity ranged from 14.9 to 15.84, ammonia 1.3 ranged from 0.320 to 0.340, nitrite from 0.077 Log weight Weight (g) to 0.116, nitrate from to 0.393 to 0.396 and 0.8 phosphate ranged from 1.582 to 1.654. The 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Log Length composition of feeds and proximate analysis diets were presented in Table 1, the crude D3 y = 1.1293x - 0.1059 R² = 0.9831 protein level ranged from 34.65 to 36.80, fat 1.8 content ranged from 1.68 to 2.03, fibre level ranged from 8.36 to 8.49 and ash content 1.3 ranged from 5.48 to 6.13. Initial average Log weight Weight (g) length 10.69(cm) and final average length was 0.8 23.32 (cm), initial and final average weight 1 1.2 1.4 Log Length (g), Specific growth rate has been given in Table 3. The survival of the fish was 100 % in Fig. 1. Length - weight relationship of C. striata reared in different experimental tanks 83 Table1. Ingredient proportion and proximate composition of feeds (wet weight basis) D1 D2 D3 Proximate Ingredients D1 D2 D3 composition % % % Rice bran 59.75 62.49 64.86 Moisture 16.25 15.10 15.75 Mustard cake 10.50 9.84 9.38 Crude protein 36.80 35.43 34.65 Groundnut 12.25 10.68 6.75 Crude fat 2.03 1.85 1.68 cake Soybean meal 10.25 9.78 1.88 Crude fibre 8.43 8.49 8.36 Ash 6.13 5.80 5.48 NFE 30.45 33.12 33.63 Additives in all diets: Vitamin-mineral mixture = 1.5%,Salt = 0.5%, Molasses = 5%. Table 2. Water quality parameters of different experimental tanks Tanks D1 D2 D3 Temperature C 28.00 ± 2 28.02 ± 2 28.00 ± 2 pH 8.2 ± 0.1 8.1 ± 0.6 8.2± 0.2 DO (mg/l) 6.87± 0.7 6.20 ± 0.5 6.47 ± 0.3 Alkalinity (mg/l) 15.54 ± 2.35 15.84 ± 1.18 14.9 ± 2.15 Hardness (mg/l) 80.01 ±2.96 80.15 ±1.15 81.15 ±1.12 Ammonia (mg/l) 0.320 ± 0.11 0.340 ± 0.14 0.327 ± 0.17 Phosphate (mg/l) 1.654 ± 0.78 1.622 ± 0.70 1.582 ± 0.78 Nitrite-NO2 (mg/l) 0.116 ± 0.22 0.114 ± 0.22 0.077 ± 0.22 Nitrate - NO3 0.396 ± 0.42 0.395 ± 0.

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