February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4031 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS. AID FOR BIAFRAN CHILDREN be known as the "Ravensbrueck Lapins"­ tions. On the basis of his first-hand obser­ was of a dual nature. One aspect was to bring vations, Mr. Cohen spoke of growing problems them to the United States for medical and confronting evacuation of children by air. HON. DONALD M. FRASER surgical care. The other aspect was to obtain He brought U3 together with Mr. G. A. On­ Oi' MINNESOTA from the German government at Bonn ade­ yegbula, Permanent Secretary of Biafra, who quate compensation that would enable them had just arrived in New York on a brief gov­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES to live Without continued and excessive hard­ ernment mission. Mr. Onyegbula spoke of the Tuesday, February 18, 1969 ship. Both these parts of the project were severity of Biafra's needs. Two thousand carried out. children and 4,000 adults were dying daily Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, one of the The editors now invite the readers of SR of starvation. Food and medical supplies most remarkable humanitarian efforts to join them in a fourth project. It is called were being flown into Bia.fra In larger quan­ directed at relieving the misery of the ABc-Aid for Biafran Children. HereWith, tities than had been possible for some Nigerian-Biafran tragedy is known as some background. months. But the situation continued to be Aid for Biafran Children-ABC. Last September, when the food blockade of critical and was apt to remain that way Biafra was at its worst, and when thousands until there was a dramatic breakthrough in One of the principals in this effort is of children were dying from protein shortage, direct access. He asked whether we would be Norman Cousins, editor of the Saturday it seemed to the editors that it might be use­ willing to consider mounting a relief program Review. Another is a pediatrician, Dr. ful to evacuate som" Bla.fran children by air. directly inside Biafra Itself. Fergus Pope, of the Mayo Clinic in The plan envisioned an airlift to the United The shortage of Bia.fran doctors, Mr. On­ Rochester, Minn., a man with whom I States of approximately 150 children who yegbula said, was not as acute as had been discussed ABC several months ago in my lacked paren tal care or were homeless and commonly supposed; the difficulty, he added, Washington office. who were in need of urgent hospital treat­ was in providing them with adequate med­ These men and others in their group ment. We put the proposal before representa­ ical and surgical equipment and transport­ tives of the Biafran government and were ing them to the places where they were most have undertaken the organization of a assured of its full cooperation. We then com­ needed. He also spoke of a hospital field sta­ mobile medical program in Biafra, di­ municated with hospitals in the New York tion inside Biafra for which he hoped we rected chie:fly at treating children but metropolitan area, asking each one to accept would accept supervisory and operational re­ turning away no one of any age. responsib111ty for one or more Biafran chil­ sponsibillty, and where American and Biafran So far ABC has been a modest effort. dren. The response was immediate and heart­ doctors could work side by side. We told Dr. Pope, Mr. Cousins, and their asso­ ening. Some fifty hospitals offered to par­ Minister Onyegbula we would try to help in ciates have limited resources. They are ticipate. All 150 children would have hospital any way that might be useful. beds. Pan American World Airways would The more we pondered the Onyegbula pro­ not using a professional fundraising provide and equip a plane for the direct organization and have made no formal posals, the clearer it became that the mas­ flight to the United States. Convalescent care sive airlift ought to be deferred in favor of appeals. Support for their plan has come would be undertaken by the New York Cen­ on-site operations. We needed a medical field mostly from Saturday Review readers ter of the American Friends Service Com­ director. Dr. Catchpool was an obvious choice, and from persons who have heard about mittee, which had mounted the out-of-hos­ but he was already at the Schweitzer Hospi­ the project by word of mouth. pital care programs for the Hiroshima Maid­ tal in Lambarene. Two other names came It is an impressive story of humani­ ens and the Ravensbrueck Lapins. Many immediately to mind: Dr. Fergus Pope, of Biafran students from the New York City the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota; tarianism, as Mr. Cousins reports on the area volunteered to maintain contact with background and progress of ABC in the and Dr. Omar Fareed, of the Carr Founda­ the children, thereby reducing cultural ad­ tion in Los Angeles, who had undertaken following article from the February 1 justment problems. medical field projects in equatorial nations We also appealed to the board of directors Saturday Review: around the world. ABC of the Schweitzer Fellowship, of which we are a member. The board followed the urgent Fergus Pope was a footloose young man Over the years, the editor and readers of recommendation of its then-president, Mr. of twenty-five when he decided in 1956 to SR have been engaged in various projects Leslie Paffrath, to finance a relief program motorcycle in Africa. He dropped in on the that come under the general heading of the for child refugees at the Albert Schweitzer Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Gabon, helped human situation. After the end of the Second Hospital in Lambarene, Gabon, only a few to fix the hospital generator, and, like many World War, for example, they accepted re­ hundred miles away from Bia.fra. The advan­ people who were exposed to "le grand doc­ sponsibillty for 400 children in Hiroshima tage of the Schweitzer Hospital in Lam­ teur,, decided the life he had been living who were orphaned by the atomic explosion. barene was that it had accumulated invalu­ wasn't good enough. Though he lacked a The children were brought up in Japan but able experience over the years in dealing With science background, he decided to obtain a their "moral parents" in the United States children's diseases native to the area. full medical education in order to serve un­ helped to meet their various needs, including By a stroke of good fortune, at just about der Dr. Schweitzer at Lambarene. He went college education in many cases. this time, we received a telephone ca.ll from to London, completed his qualifying studies, A second project involved several dozen Dr. Frank Catchpoolin California. Dr. Catch­ then enrolled in the University of London girls who had been disfigured or disabled by pool, whom we had met for the first time School of Medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hos­ the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The girls at the Schweitzer Hospital in Lambarene ten pital. After seven years, he returned to Lam­ were brought to the United States for plastic years ago, and who was now doing advanced barene as a full-fledged physician. Following and rehabilltative surgery, and, in some in­ medical research in the United Rtates, was Dr. Schweitzer's death, Dr. Pope decided to stances, vocational training. The girls re­ eager to undertake a medical relief program specialize in pediatrics. This brought him to turned to Japan after a year in the United in behalf of the Biafran evacuees. He was the Mayo Clinic in the United States as a States. Many are now married and have an ideal person to carry out the project at resident in pediatrics. families; others are in business for them­ the Lambarene Hospital under the auspices We put in a telephone call to Dr. Pope in selves as dress designers or beauty shop op­ of the Albert Schweitzer Fellowship. Dr. Rochester. Would he be able to take_a leave erators; some are working for social agencies. Catchpool came to New York for extended of absence from the Mayo Clinic to work An integral part of this project was the train­ discussions, then left for Lambarene, from With us-for perhaps six months or more? ing of several Japanese doctors in plastic which he has recently sent exciting progress Affirmative response. Two days later, Fergus surgery. These doctors in turn trained col­ reports; Biafran children are already at the Pope was at our office in New York, going leagues in Japan, the result being that hun­ Schweitzer Hospital and are responding over the project plans in detail. dreds of disfigured victims of the atomic favorably to treatment. Dr. F areed is a Los Angeles internist who explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki re­ hoo spent at least half his time traveling to ceived special surgical treatment. Meanwhile, we also had the good luck to meet Mr. George Orick, who had lived far-off places such as Vietnam, the Congo, A third SR project involved thirty-five in Nigeria for several years and was working and Peru doing medical field work or pur­ Polish women whose bodies and minds had as consultant to the United Nations Chil­ suing projects such as the distribution of been badly scarred as the result of their ex­ dren's Fund. Mr. Orick joined our project "Meals for Millions," an inexpensive, high­ periences at the Ravensbrueck Concentra­ and proceeded to develop plans for translat­ protein food. He also worked with AMDOC, tion Camp in the Second World War. They had been used as involuntary human guinea ing the experience of the pilot program into a coordinating organrnation for voluntary pigs by Nazi doctors who had cracked open a massive airlift involving 100,000 children service abroad by American physicians. bones in their arms and legs, inserting or more. We reached Dr. Fareed at his home in Los gangrenous materials such as broken glass or We also talked to Mr. Maxwell T. Cohen, Angeles. Within two or three minutes we had oily rags in order to produce massive and a New York attorney who had just returned our answer: He would drop everything to raging infections which they then attempted from Bia.fra where he had consulted with serve. to check With new sulfa drugs. The project government officials about his ideas for We informed Dr. Nwonye Otue and Raphael tn behalf of these ladles--who had come to bringing Biafra's case before the United Na- Nwakoby of the Biafran mission to the United 4032 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969

States of our readiness to proceed. They sug­ Dr. Pope spoke to us about the possible A. Lemnitzer, has recently warned of an in­ gested that Dr. Fareed, Dr. Pope, and N.C. go availability in Biafra of extra vehicles, many creased threat from the Warsaw Pact coun­ to Biafra for Joint planning with Bifran of which were now disabled by shortage of tries. And Ambassador George F. Kennan, a offi cials and for direct observation of some of spare tires. We telephoned Victor Holt, presi­ former advocate of disengagement in Europe Biafra's medical needs. dent of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Com­ as well as Asla, called the proposed Moscow The suggestion was accepted. The day be­ pany in Akron, Ohio. Rather than wait for summit meeting between Johnson and Kosy­ fore the scheduled trip to Biafra, N.C. came the regular processing of the request through gin "madness," and urged the dispatch of down with the flu. At his insistence, Dr. company machinery, Mr. Holt personally 100,000 more American troops to Europe un­ F areed and Dr. Pope proceeded as planned. purchased tires and shipped them. to us. til the Soviets leave Czechoslovakia. We ca.n They flew Pan American World Airways to How to get all this material to Biafra? ignore an this only at our peril. Frankfurt, where they boarded the Joint Here a human miracle by the name of Able The only way now to help the Czecho­ Church Airlift plane to Sao Tome, an island Nathan materialized, Mr. Nathan, an Israel slovak people and keep their hopes alive is off the coast of Biafra. From there they were citizen, had become a sort of one-man Bi­ to speak out boldly and repeatedly on their flown 8lt night to a secret airstrip in Biafra, afran relief operation. He had managed to behalf in the United Nations and outside it; where they met with Permanent Secretary obtain the use of a Norwegian freighter, to strengthen the defense of the West; to Onyegbula, Dr. S. J. Cookey, Commissioner chartered by two relief organizations in Hol­ negotiate from strength and hold the line J. Udo-Affia, Dr. E. Ritchie, and Dr. A. land. The freighter was now in the Unit_ed until the pressures for freedom recently re­ Ifekwunigwe. States and was loading up with American vealed, not only in Eastern Europe but in the Dr. Fareed and Dr. Pope were lodged in supplies. Soviet Union itself, bring the present night­ a guest house in a small town in Biafra. They Mr. Cohen brought Mr. Nat han to SR's mare to an end. The Czechoslovak break­ were taken by jeep to surrounding villages offices. We found him as cooperative and through to freedom ended in tragedy as in where they were able to see at first-hand the agreeable as he was energetic. He said he Hungary; but, like Hungary, it proved that impact of food and medioa.l shortages on would happily carry all our supplles to Sao freedom in Eastern Europe is again on the people of all ages. When they returned to Tome. march. It will prove unconquerable if we their lodgings they found the place strewn So much for the report to date. Obviously, stand firm and thus encourage the continu­ with casualties. The town had been bombed most of our problems are ahead of us. There ing passive resistance among the Captive and strafed; twenty-seven persons were dead is the major problem, of course, of getting peoples. and many more were wounded. The American Hercules-type freight planes to fly the jeeps 1. As part of our political offensive, the. doctors gave emergency treatment to the in­ and other weighty equipment into Biafra. U.S. and her NATO allies should move to jured. We know we cannot minimize this difficulty, have the continued occupation of Czecho­ When they returned to New York a week but we are not without confidence. Besides, slovakia formally debated and condemned by later, they brought with them a letter to Dr. Pope will be at Sao Tome when Able the next U.N. General Assembly. If we com­ N.C. from Dr. Cookey, proposing that we Nathan's boat arrives. And Dr. Pope is a most pare what the U.S. and the U.N. did to pro­ undertake a large mobile medical program remarkable and effective young man. test and expose the Soviet invasion of Hun­ inside Biafra. Dr. Cookey envisioned a large gary with what we have done on Czechoslo­ number of mobile units, directed by Ameri­ vakia, we can see how far an increasing can and Biafran doctors and going directly to timidity has silenced us. the villages for on-the-spot medlcal and JOINT STATEMENT 2. We must rebuild the only solid alliance surgical care. The emphasis would be on the we still have to deter further Soviet aggres­ treatment of children, but no one of any sions-the NATO Alliance. We must abandon age would be turned away. HON. JOHN D. DINGELL the folly of talking about withdrawing U.S. Dr. Pope proposed that we begin almost OF MICHIGAN troops from Europe, at a time when NATO immediately with one or two units as a sort has been expelled from France and weakened of pilot project. He would be willing to super­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by Britain's financial crisis, on top of the intend the initial operation himself, working Tuesday, February 18, 1969 shift in the balance of power, which General with Biafran doctors who would be made Lemnitzer referred to. available for this purpose. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, under per­ 3. Obviously this cause will be helped by Dr. Fareed would be in charge of recruiting mission granted I insert into the CoN­ every possible public gesture and utterance American doctors for the post-pilot phase GRESSIONAL RECORD an excellent joint by our statesmen of a pro-NATO nature. of the project and would go to Biafra later statement published on February 6, 1969, There should be a NATO summit conference, for direct work in the field. by the American Friends of the Captive as Chancellor Kiesinger suggested, instead Now came the hard planning. Dr. Pope of a Moscow summit while the Soviet aggres­ drew up his requirements for the pilot proj­ Nations and the Conference of Ameri­ sor still occupies Czechoslovakia! ect. We were appalled at the length and cans of Central and Eastern European 4. The power of NATO to deter aggression variety of the items on the list--at least two Descent: depends both on its strength and on confi­ large jeeps, several motorcycles, drugs, food JOINT STATEMENT dence in its will to use that strength, if supplies. (By Msgr. John Balkunas, chairman, Confer­ necessary. The NATO information budget Apart from this were the requirements in­ ence of Americans of Central and Eastern should be enlarged to give more publicity. side Biafra itself. We needed a lot of money. European Descent, and Christopher Emmet, in Europe about the continued need for Where would it come from? We told Dr. Pope chairman, American Friends of the Captive NATO and about the technical progress and Dr. Fareed that we had some fairly strong Nations) NATO had made even before Czechoslovakia, ideas on the subject. There should be no pub­ The tragic invasion of Czechoslovakia by despite its ouster from France and its neglect lic fund-raising drives. In the case of SR's the U.S.S.R., with the participation of most by statesmen and by the news media. previous projects, we employed no profes­ of the Communist satellite regimes of East­ 5. A NATO Information Office should be sional fund-raisers, made no formal appeals. ern Europe, shattered the optimism about set up in every NATO country, including the For the most part, SR's readers volunteered "bridge-building" and detente which pre­ United States. the sums necessary. In return, they got 100 vailed in the United States and Western 6. We do not have to choose between future cents on the dollar. None of their money was Europe. Though there can be no satisfaction negotiations with the Soviets on the one spent for administrative services or money­ to anyone in these grim events, the fact hand and strengthening NATO on the other, raising agencies. Outside SR, individuals remains that the skepticism our organiza­ because we cannot negotiate with the Com­ heard of the project and asked to participate. tions h ave often expressed has now been all munists successfully except from positions of We were confident that we could operate to graphically confirmed. strength. But to avoid misunderstanding by the same way with ABC. Within a few days, Although recently the Soviets have done our allies we must not only consult them at this philosophy began to bear fruit. A group their utmost to divert our attention from the every stage, but must prove to them, as well of citizens in Minnesota, learning of the lessons of Czechoslovakia by temporarily as to the Kremlin leaders, that we have no project in which Dr. Pope, now a Minneso­ adopting a more conciliatory tone on other illusions about Soviet objectives; that we tan, was engaged, offered a substantial con­ matters, the fact is that public coriftdence realize one Soviet purpose in such negotia­ t ribution. At the suggestion of a friend, Dr. in Europe has been weakened by the minimal tions wm be to divide us from our ames Pope spoke to Mr. Terry Tearnan of Yamaha U.S. and NATO response to Communist en.: and to create an illusion among the Western International Motorcycle Company. Result: croachments in Berlin last spring, by our peoples and Parliaments that further sacri­ six motorcycles free of charge. silence when Czechoslovakia was threatened fices for NATO are unnecessary, because we L'lwrence Gussman, newly elected presi­ before the invasion, and our weak reaction are on the road to arms control agreements. dent of the Albert Schweitzer Fellowship, aft erwards. Europeans compare it with The exaggerated optimism about the scope obt1ined m any of the necessary medical sup­ President Kennedy's call-up of 150,000 Re­ of the Test Ban Treaty and U.S. pressure on plies. At the suggestion of Dr. Fareed, Mr. serves after the building of the Berlin Wall. its ames for immediate ratification of the D:mnis Karzag of the Direct Relief Founda­ The mmtary balance of power has been Non-Proliferation Treaty, despite Czecho­ t ion donated $26,000 worth of drugs, and Mr. changed with the presence of more Com­ slovakia, are examples of mistakes which Sam Berkman of Bioscience Labs gave us a munist divisions in the forward areas. Both must be avoided. portable laboratory. Finally, Dr. Davida Tay­ our reliance on warning time for strength­ 7. Because of a recent escalation of savage­ lor of Harvard School of Public Health ob­ ening NATO in case of a crisis, and our esti­ Soviet Cold War rhetoric, especially against tained further gifts from drug com panies mate of Soviet intentions have proved falla­ West Germany, the U.S. must escalate its de­ throughout the nation. cious. The NATO Commander, General Lyman fense against this propaganda. To date we February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4033 have been virtually silent. As It ls, many Eu­ are many serious doubts about the sub­ might have consequences for the practical ropeans fear that the U.S. is unwilling to risk stantive merits of direct popular election, operation of our democracy far beyond the even irritating, not to speak of provoking, intentions of its sponsors. There are some the Soviets in our quest for detente. Even and that it might be better to correct aspects of our present system, of course, that if we cannot prevent the Soviet reenslave­ immediately the two major defects in our clearly threaten the legitimacy of the demo­ ment of the Czech people, we can at least tell present system-the faithless elector and cratic process. Certainly electors should not the truth about it, and so make the Soviet the possibility that the election may go be free to defy the electorate, nor should the action most costly to their influence around to the House-and then thrash out the House of Representatives under any circum­ the world and hasten the day when they may pros and cons of direct popular election. stances be allowed to select a President, being be forced in their own interests to withdraw. The reason for speed in making the a small group of men susceptible to deals The American people also have a right to first reforms is clear. The reason for de­ and private pressures. Electors have some­ frankness from their government about what times acted independently, and the House the Soviets are doing in Berlin, the Near East, lay in approving direct popular election has on occasion ignored both the popular Korea and Latin America. is that there are so many doubts, that and the electoral vote in selecting a Presi­ As for the fear that such frankness would there are voices not yet heard. dent. Yet it would be relatively simple to endanger the proposed missile talks, when The New Yorker magazine, which does eliminate t h ese possibilities-by, for example, did a so-called "Cold War atmosphere" pre­ not often give its first page to political not having individuals as candidates for vent successful negotiations with the So­ commentary, apparently thinks it so im­ electors but automatically counting all of a viets in Berlin, Korea, Austria or Cuba? The portant that its readers know of the state's electoral votes for the winner of its fact is that a willingness to speak out on dangers of moving to direct popular elec­ popular vote, and by providing that the can­ Soviet acts which deserve criticism is a part didate with the most electoral votes would of negotiating from strength which will in­ tion that it has led off its February 8 win even if he did not have a majority. Or crease our bargaining power. The Soviet lead­ issue with an excellent article, which I a runoff popular election could be held if ers themselves always maintain their propa­ recommend highly to my colleagues. The the winning candidate received less than a ganda pressure. They are cold and realistic article follows: certain fixed percentage of the electoral bargainers who use propaganda as a weapon THE TALK OF THE TOWN: NOTES AND votes-say, thirty-five per cent or forty per in negotiations, not sensitive prima donnas COMMENT cent. However, eliminating the electoral college whose policies are changed by verbal irrita­ Last December, as they have done every tions. fourth year since the beginning of the Re­ altogether is another matter. In so doing, we 8. Finally, and not least important, we public, the newly elected members of the would exchange a clumsy mechanism, but one must use all our economic power in our electoral college assembled in every state to that has worked, for an ideal construction dealings with the Soviet bloc as a means of choose the President of the United States. whose effects are conjectural. Only once in our pressure and bargaining in negotiations to This forty-sixth meeting will have been the history has the man who received the most promote peace and freedom. For whatever last if those who advocate the abolition of popular votes failed to receive the highest one's view of the recent Western policy of one of our most venerable institutions win number of electoral votes. That was in 1888, extending credits to Eastern Europe and the the current battle for electoral change. when Grover Cleveland lost the election al­ Soviet Union itself, in order to encourage The Founding Fathers provided in the though he ran a hundred thousand votes liberalization and independence from Mos­ Constitution that each state should elect a ahead of Benjamin Harrison. Andrew Jack­ cow, such credits now can only strengthen son in 1824 and Samuel Tilden in 1876 were small group of men who, in turn, would ex­ deprived of the Presidency despite a popular the Soviet effort to end liberalization and ercise their independent judgment in select­ independence. This is so because the Krem­ plurality, but Jackson's defeat came about ing a President. Each of these men, called an by decision of the House (Jackson had a lin today fully controls the satellite econo­ elector, was given one vote, and each state mies, either through direct force, as in Czech­ was entitled to a number of electors equal plurality of electoral votes as well), and oslovakia, or by threat of force as in Ru­ Tilden lost because disputed electoral votes mania. to the combined number of its senators and were taken from him by a hostile Congress. representatives. As a result, representation The economic cost and dislocation within in the electoral college, as in the Congress, Thus, the electoral college has failed to con­ the Communist bloc caused by the invasion form to the popular will only once in almost was roughly proportional to population. And two centuries, and that in a contest so close of Czechoslovakia, plus the enormous cost of if no candidate received an absolute major­ the whole recent Soviet policy of expanding ity of electoral votes, the President was to that it's almost a technical quibble to say its armed forces and its military aid around be chosen by the House of Representatives. that the people's choice was defeated. the world, from Korea to Cairo, gives the This system has survived to the present day, Nor do considerations of abstract demo­ West a new opportunity for economic bar­ with one all-important difference. It rapidly cratic theory dictate a change to direct pop­ gaining to press for political concessions. became an established custom that all the ular vote. If democracy requires that those Therefore, the export of sophisticated electors of a state would automatically vote who govern the country be chosen by a na­ Western plants, "know how" and credits at for the candidate receiving most of the state's tional constituency in which all citizens have this time can only help the Soviets to remain popular vote. Today, a separate slate of can­ equal weight, then both the Supreme Court in Czechoslovakia, to restabilize their empire didates for the post of elector is pledged to and the Senate fail the test. Yet, on -the elsewhere, to continue the arms race in the each Presidential candidate in every state. whole, they help maintain a necessary bal­ Middle East. This kind of Western trade and When you vote for President, you are in fact ance between minority or regional interests aid would also reduce the pressure for the voting for the slate committed to your favor­ and the majority will; the Senate is often economic reforms which the Soviets were ite. For example, any New Yorker who voted more conscious of national needs than the forced to adopt at home and tolerate for Vice-President Humphrey was really vot­ more representative House. Therefore, before throughout Eastern Europe, in order to com­ ing for the forty-three electors of the Demo­ cht.nging a system that has worked remark­ pete with the West. Granted that no fully cratic Party. And even though Humphrey ably well, the American people should be united NATO action along these lines is pos­ received a bare majority of New York's pop­ fairly certa.in that the results will be benefi­ sible, the more our allies cooperate in this ular vote, he won all forty-three of its elec­ cial. As we see it, the consequences of elimi­ effort, the greater will be our bargaining toral votes. (Legally, of course, any of these nating the electoral college not only are power for peace, arms control and freedom. electors could have voted for someone else, highly speculative but might be unfortunate. Needless to say, our objection to long-term and on a few rare occasions an individual First, such a reform, as Professor Ernest credits and trade in certain categories of so­ elector has dishonored his commitment.) Brown, of Harvard, has pointed out, could phisticated and potentially strategic items Under this system, it is theoretically pos­ well transform the frequent charges of elec­ does not apply to ordinary reciprocal trade, sible for a Presidential candidate to receive tion irregularity and fraud into demands for nor to the desirability of promoting cultural a majority of the electoral votes even though a nationwide recount. Since voting is now by contacts on the largest possible scale, pro­ his opponent is the popular victor. To see s:tates, such charges are usually allowed to vided it is on a reciprocal basis. how this might happen, assume, for a per­ lapse, for even if the result in a particular haps uncomfortable moment, that the Pres­ state should be changed, the winner would ident was chosen by New York and California rarely lose his electoral majority. But if the alone. If Humphrey won New York by fifty popular vote alone were decisive, and the ELECTORAL REFORM thousand votes, and Nixon won California election close, there would be every incentive by one hundred thousand votes, then New to demand investigations and recounts, and York's forty-three electors wuuld go to him, these would inevitably precipitate counter­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM and Nixon would receive California's forty. demands, while the country waited to see OF NEW YORK Thus, even though Nixon was fifty thousand who its leaders would be. In addition, a popular votes ahead, Humphrey would be direct popular vote would powerfully tempt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES elected President, by forty-three electors to the states to compete in lowering voting ages, Tuesday, February 18, 1969 forty. The fear that this might happen on a liberalizing registration requirements, and so national scale is behind the present demand on, in order to increase their relative influ­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, on to eliminate the electoral college and select ence on the election. February 5, when I testified before the a President by direct nationwide popular Another and perhaps more serious, objec­ House Judiciary Committee on the sub­ vote. Such a change, which is superficially tion to abolishing the electoral college is the ject of electoral reform, I said that there appealing as a call to democratic principle, threat to the stability of the two-party sys- :W34 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 tem, which has been a key element in the minimum o! Southern and border votes and I am pleased to join our Lithuanian endurance of American democracy. Most shape his campaign to the demands of large­ friends in urging the restoration of free­ third-party efforts either have never got o:ff state politics. Why should a Presidential dom 1n these captive lands, and I wish the ground or have proved transient, be­ hopeful take positions calculated to win extend thanks to them for keeping cause, as Professor Alexander Bickel. of Yale, Southern states if those same positions might to has noted, they have been unable to win lose him the two or three per cent of the vote alive their sturdy support for the decent electoral votes unless they operated from a in California, New York, Illinois, and Penn­ principles of mankind. regional base. In 1948, for example, Strom sylvania that would be enough to cancel out Thurmond and Henry Wallace received ap­ all his gains? All this, of course, reflects only proximately the same popular vote, but the psychology of campaigns, since in fact the A KEY "~ONEY ~AN" VIEWS THE Thurmond got thirty-nine electoral votes electoral vote has followed the popular vote. NATION'S ECONOMY and Wallace none. Individuals with a com­ Yet once political strategists stopped think­ mon interest or conviction are restrained ing in terms of states and the intricate from forming an independent party by the arithmetic of the electoral college, they Hon. PETER H. B. FRELINGHUYSEN knowledge that they cannot carry any states would tend to focus on areas where the pop­ and therefore will not receive any electoral ulation is concentrated and on the large OF NEW JERSEY votes, while their activities will tend to sub­ television "market areas."' (After all, in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tract votes from the major-party candidate nine Southern states Nixon received forty­ Tuesday, February 18, 1969 who is ideologically closest to them. With seven electoral votes and helped keep twenty­ only the popular vote at issue, however, re­ eight more from Humphrey, while California ~r. FRELINGHUYSEN. ~r. Speaker, gional roots are irrelevant, and groups united gave him only forty electoral votes. Thus, as we all know, a great deal of time is by belief or need-from blacks and those the Southerner who voted for Nixon actually being spent on ways to achieve a reduc­ opposed to the war in Vietnam to the John had more in.fluence on the electoral majority Birch Society-might fragment the elec­ than did the Californian who went Repub­ tion in Federal spending, while at the torate into new parties in search of maxi­ lican.) same tinae meeting our national conanait­ mum political power. They could, as the None of these are certain consequences of ments. Liberal Party has done in New York, bargain change. Yet they are all possibilities, as are The crisis of confidence in the dollar, with one of the major parties for conces­ other results, which we cannot now foresee. inflation, tax reform, budget deficits, un­ sions in return for its endorsement, or offer (Our history is strewn with discarded enaployment-all are matters with which to withdraw in the midst of a campaign in democratic reforms, such as the initiative Congress DlUSt deal if we are to main­ return for concessions. Such a party might and the referendum, that frequently de­ also run candidates in the hope of forcing feated expectations and sometimes became tain a healthy economy and ease the in­ a runoff election in which its support would the instruments of those special interests flationary pressure on the dollar. be eagerly sought. Most of the election-re­ they were designed to protect the country These subjects are covered in an arti­ form proposals require at least forty per cent from.) In return, we will be guarded against cle which appeared in the Philadelphia of the popular vote for election, with a run­ the possibility that the popular loser will be Inquirer on February 9, concerning an off between the two top candidates if no the electoral winner. Not only is this highly interview with David Rockefeller, presi­ one gets that much. And although only unlikely (in most close elections the elec­ dent of the Chase Manhattan Bank. Harrison received a popular minority and an toral-vote majority has far exceeded the ~r. Rockefeller's forthright and per­ electoral majority, fifteen Presidents have popular margin, thus strengthening the posi­ been elected with less than a majority of the . tion o! a President-elect) but even if it ceptive comments on the state of the total popl.llar vote. Therefore, almost half of should happen it would be in a contest so economy will, I ana sure, be of interest to our elections have been contests in which, close that one would be hard put to it to us all. theoretically, a third party could have held claim that a firm or decisively expressed The article follows: the balance of power. In two of our three popular desire had been thwarted. One of the INTERVIEW WITH DAVID ROCKEFELLER: A KEY last Presidential elections, the popular sources of our national stab111ty has been "1\{0NEY MAN" VIEWS THE NATION'S ECONOMY margin was less than a half-million votes, our unwillingness to change the Constitu­ (By Milt Freudenheim) and in America it is possible-with money tion except when abuses or malfunctions and energy-to organize a half-million peo­ have already manifested themselves. It has NEw YoRK.-David Rockefeller, one of the ple for almost anything. never been amended simply because we world's most influential money men, favors Stlll another objection centers on the im­ feared that something might go wrong at a slowdown in Federal spending for the space pact that eliminating the electoral college some future date. Yet the.t is what is now program, highways and farm subsidies. would have on the relative importance of being proposed. We will find, however, no These are the priorities on his list to large and small states. Both the advocates system of choosing leaders that is guaran­ strengthen the U.S. economy, slow inflation and the opponents of reform have assumed teed to work perfectly. Certainly a great deal and bolster the world position of the dollar. that direct popular vote would reduce the of skepticism and prudent hesitation should Rockefeller, 53, could have had a Cabinet emphasis on the large states with the most attend any effort to "perfect" a system that job in the Nixon Administration. But he electoral votes. Yet reform might well have has worked as well as ours. made known his desire to stay in New York the opposite effect. Usually, campaigns are where he is moving up on March 1 from directed at a swing vote of from ten to twenty president to board chairman and head of per cent of the population, on the assump­ tl1e executive committee of Chase Manhattan Bank, the world's second largest in deposits. tion that the rest of the voters are pretty LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY firmly committed. Under the reformed sys­ Rockefeller also believes that unemploy­ tem, any candidate in search of those votes MARKED ment has to rise, although the increase would have to concentrate his energies and should be "moderate" and "temporary." his startegy on the large states, for that is He sees an increase in the jobless total as where the people are, and also where the HON. ANCHER NELSEN part of the price that must be paid to curb most volatile vote can be found. For example, OF :MINNESOTA inflation. Richard Nixon, Southern strategy and all, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But he believes that government and received about the same number of popular business must step up their effort to train votes in California alone that he received in Tuesday, February 18, 1969 and hire "hard-core" unemployed--espe­ all nine states of the once solid South. ~r. ~LSEN. ~r. Speaker, on Febru­ cially young Negroes in the cities. (roughly three and a half million). Even ary 16, free Lithuanians around the WAR'S IMPACT though Nixon ran well ahead of Vice Presi­ world observed the 51st anniversary of Furthermore, he doesn't expect serious dent Humphrey in the South, a change of trouble from the economy when the Vietnam little more than two per cent of his vote in the Declaration of Independence of Lith­ favor of Humphrey in the four largest states, uania. Sadly, because of Soviet occupa­ war ends. tion and russification of Lithuania since Rockefeller put his finger on these crucial or a change of less than one and a half per sensitive spots in the economic outlook in cent in the seven largest, would have can­ July, 1940, only those outside this Baltic an interview in his art-filled 17th floor office celled out his entire Southern margin. In States's borders were able to observe its at the Chase bank. fact, about half the popular vote for the two Dlenaorable anniversary. This platform at Chase, plus the backing major candidates came from only seven This occasion again renainds us that of the Rockefeller family's estimated $4 states. No political strategist, therefore, the Soviet's barbarous seizure of !ands billion fortune, makes him a leading candi­ could wisely counsel a. candidate to take the and peoples in eastern Europe is a great date for the unofficial title of "Chairman of slightest risk in the big states in the hope of continuing tragedy of the 20th century. the Board of the American Establishment." picking up a few more Southern or border David Rockefeller's brothers are Nelson, states. (In fact, exactly this kind of risk­ unsanctioned by any international law. governor of New York, Winthrop, governor o! taking helped defeat Nixon in 1960.) It is It again presents the opportunity to con­ Arkansas; John D. 3d, builder of the Lincoln just as likely, and far more economical in demn such acts of wanton aggression Center culture complex in New York, and terms of energy aneconomics from this would certainly be desirable. Whether Q. How do you see the problem of adjust­ the University of Chicago, folded his six feet it's poUtica.lly possible is another question. ing the economy, when the Vietnam war of height onto a sofa and replied to questions. Q. How do you weigh the priorities of full budget is phasing out? Q. Do you think there is Ukely to be an­ employment and inflation? A. I don't anticipate that being an a.cute ot her dollar crisis this year? A. At the present time we have over-em­ problem, or one that would be of long dura­ A. Well, I must say I don't think you can ployment in many respects, particularly in tion. I think I have seen the figure that it rule it out as a possibility. But I think that the skilled trades. There's a real shortage of would involve a readjustment of the labor the position of the dollar is a great deal people--we feel that in the bank. We have force, something on the order of 2 percent. stronger than it was six months ago. There's hundreds of unfilled requisitions for people. This is hard on the 2 percent, but this isn't n o question about that. Q. What does that mean in bank terms­ a sufficiently large number so as to cause Whereas nine months ago there was a real economists? general disruption in the economy. So I think crisis of confidence in the dollar around the A. No, just typists, computer operators, this need not be a serious thing for us. world, I think the combination of our tax and so forth. Indeed ... it could be a little bit helpful bill and the troubles in France served to I think that an easing up of the economy in slowing up the p ace of the economy and change that very dramatically. would take the pressure off the employment helping us cut back during the process of The result is that today the dollar is very market, and I think we're going to see some readjustment . much in demand, and of course there's a increase in unemployment as we measure it. Q. Do you see the gross national product tr~menQI:>us flow of long term investment into My guess is that when the figure gets below going up over $1 trillion? (It was $860 bil­ this cottfttry. 4 percent (it has ranged around 3.3 percent lion for 1968.) Q. But do you feel, sir, that we have our lately), that the pressures of inflation are A. Oh, I think it will, in a year or 18 house in order, on our domestic economy? apt t o be very great . mont h s. A. No. I think we've taken the first steps. But that is not to say that we shouldn't I think that the new team in the Treasury continue to work with that portion of the is absolutely first rate. population which is unemployed and which, FURTHER IN RE U.S.S. ''PUEBLO" Q . Of course we have a Chicago man in for all int ents and purposes, now are unem­ Treasury Secretary David Kennedy. ployable. A. He was a candidate of mine. But to JOB TURNOVER HON. JOHN 0. MARSH, JR. answer your question: Have we put our house Q . You are speaking of Negroes, hard­ OF VmGIN:rA in order? We have not yet dealt with infla­ core ...? tion. And although our balance of payments A. Yes. Essentially the groups with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES appears superficially to be much improved, largest percentage of unemployment are peo­ Tuesday, February 18, 1969 we haven't yet dealt with the most funda­ ple under 25, Negro, and in the large cities. mental aspect which is our trade balance, And I think we should do a lot of work Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, whether which has continued to decline. with them and bring them into the labor it represents a blunder or embarrass­ So until we get our inflation down to a force. But this is something entirely apart ment--or something more or less seri­ very minimum, manageable amount--which from monetary and fiscal poUcy. ous-the incident of U.S.S. Pueblo, now I would hope would be under 2 percent, and Q . I'm trying to think concretely. Who are under inquiry by the Navy, has troubled until we improve our trade balance (what going to be the unemployed when you go up many citizens. is called the current account), I don't think a couple of percentage points to over 4 per­ In a column of recent weeks in the New we can feel comfortable about our situation. cent? Who will they be if you're having suc­ York Times, James Reston raised the TAX AND SURTAX cess, hopefully, bringing these hard-core people in? question of how national blunders and Q. Regarding the inflation, are you sug­ A. I suppose what it means is that there's embarrassments might be evaluated dis­ gesting that the 10 percent surtax should go a little bit more time between jobs, that kind passionately for the record of history. on for at least into the next fiscal year? of thing ... that the turnover period is not Without specific comment, I include A. In effect, yes. It's very hard for me to quite as rapid as it is now. see how the situation could change suffi­ the text of this column, as follows: Q. Are you saying that this is such a big ciently between now and the middle of the economy that there is room for a few rough COMMANDER BUCHER: WHO WILL INVESTIGATE year to justify removing the surtax. edges in that machinery? THE INVESTIGATORS? Q. What about agitation in Congress to A. Right. I'm afraid we had three years of (By James Reston) increase the tax burden on upper-bracket considerable inflation, and I'm afraid that The Navy Board of Inquiry in the Pueblo incomes? it's not possible to eliminate that, without spy ship case raises some interesting ques­ A. Well, certainly from a political point of some price. tions about how we investigate omcia.l blun­ view, it is appealing. But the importance And the price means the slowing down of ders in the United States. from a revenue point of view of the (federal) the rate of growth of the economy, and some Obviously, the Navy had to look into the income that could be derived if you took 100 moderate increase on a temporary basis in ships mission, its activities off the North percent of the highest brackets would be the percentage of unemployment. Korean coast, its inability to destroy the minimal. Q. Do you think Federal spending on prob­ enemy or itself, and the consequences of its It really would be insignificant ... it has lems of the cities and poverty must be in­ capture, but was this inquiry conducted by political appeal, but from a purely tax point creased, despite anti-inflation priorities to the right people, at the right time and in of view, I don't think it's that important. hold down the Federal budget? the right manner? Q. This might be an indiscreet question. A. I'm certainly very much in favor of care­ Not only Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, the Of course there are no indiscreet questions, fully developed and selected programs in Pueblo's skipper, is suspect in this tragic inci­ only indiscreet answers. But what about the terms of job training, education and aid to dent, but the Navy and the Defense Depart­ agitation regarding the oll depletion allow­ construction of housing for the lower income ment are also under suspicion, and the latter ance and the tax setup for on income? groups. are in effect sitting in judgment on them­ A. Well, that's quite different. There, the These are the three areas that particularly selves. tax that could be derived would perhaps be need help. But I don't think we can afford BUCHER'S ORDEAL more significant, although I honestly don't unlimited expenditure. Commander Bucher and his crew clearly know exactly what it would mean. Q. Would you include on that list tax reUef had to be questioned quickly and in private I think that there it is a question of what for businesses that are doing a lot in a train­ on the intelligence aspects of the case while one thinks is good policy in terms of the de­ their memories were stlll fresh, but why a velopments of our petroleum resources. ing way or are building special plants in the inner city locations? public inquiry before Commander Bucher If we don't think it's important to main­ A. I think there are instances where tax had regained his composure and under con­ tain our known reserves of oll, why, then, a ditions which raise serious doubts about very easy way to eliminate those reserves is abatement can be a useful tool. Obviously one has to use it sparingly, or else you lose whether the spirit of due process was being to eliminate the depletion amount. If we do your source of revenue. followed? think it's important to maintain them, then The Navy's h andling of the public in the depletion (allowance) is naturally the essen­ DEFENSE BUDGET open hearings is also very odd. It concedes t ial thing. Q. How do you feel about the defense the public's right to know what is going on SPACE BUDGET budget? in the open part of the board's hearings and Q. Would you stretch out--that is, slow A. Of course, hopefully, the war in Viet­ it keeps a. transcript of the proceedings, but down-spending in the space budget, for nam will come to a.n end, and this should it refuses to allow the public transcript to be example? bring some significant relief. published, or permit the reporters in the A. I would be inclined to look at that area But I'm afraid we can't look for drastic open hearings to take down their own tran­ pret' J hard. And I think probably some of cutbacks in the general defense budget at the script. Thus a news reporter who knows the highway programs-again they could be present time. I'm afraid that the action of shorthand can record the Q and A while an­ stretched out. They're certainly important, the Soviets in Czechoslovakia and the Middle other reporter who does not know shorthand but probably less urgent than some others. East and the Mediterranean and elsewhere can not. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969

THE LARGE QUESTION Liberation Front, was assassinated Feb­ To fully appreciate this tempo of change, The main question here, however, is not ruary 2. Dr. Mondlane gave his life to permit me to go back in history and trace about the transcript or even about the Navy. the cause of freedom and self-determi­ a few events that have affected our lives. The Navy is at least following a tradition Please note the time lag ever decreasing, from nation for his people. the time an idea was advanced, to its devel­ all too often ignored in other parts o! the In a resolution adopted 2 days after Government-that is to say, it does investi­ opment and ultimate use. gate error. The question is whether it can Dr. Mondlane's death, the Board of Hero of Alexandria built a boiler about really be objective about its own errors, World Ministries of the United Church 150 B.C., and used the steam generated to whether in this case it is being fair to Com­ of Christ passed the following resolution, drive a crude turbine. However, it wasn't mander Bucher, and even more important, a fitting tribute to the fallen leader: until 2000 years later that steam was used whether we have in this country an adequate The United Church Board for World Min­ to usher in the Industrial Revolution that system for reaching objective judgments on istries expresses gratitude for the life of brought a great change in people's lives. The major policy blunders much more serious Dr. Eduardo Mondlane for his service to his Industrial Age started a movement from the than the Pueblo case. country, for his example of steadfastness and farms to the cities, and the need for indus­ There is, of course, the right of investi­ courage, for his leadership and for his Chris­ trial skills. gative review in the Congress, which in many tian witness to all mankind. This Board is The first principle of electricity was dis­ cases is highly effective, but in some cases is proud to have had a small share in his train­ covered by '!'hales in 600 B.C. However, it unavoidably political and subjective. The ing and to have been associated with him wasn't until 1894, through the combined President has the power to set up investigat­ as a student, as a worthy staff member of genius of Tesla-Edison, Steinmetz, and ing commissions, as President Kennedy did the United Nations, as a member of the others, that the first commercial power gen­ after the Cuban Bay of Pigs disaster, but faculty of a great university and latterly as erating plant was put into service. again there is the problem of the accused a far-seeing leader of his people in their In the 16th century Leonardo da Vinci passing judgment on himself. struggle for freedom. He excelled and excited drew plans for an aeroplane, which looked The British have more effective instru­ the admiration and love of many. r emarkably like contemporary planes, and ments for dealing with this sort of thing. We sorrow over his tragic death and ex­ 400 years later the world moved into the air Being older and therefore knowing more tend to his wife, Janet, and their children age. about human weakness, political cunning, our deepest sympathy. In 1895 the X-ray was discovered, and only and the slippery slopes of truth, they have 24 years later, Rutherford split the nitrogen created the device of the Royal Commission, atom by alpha rays. Then, 26 years later, the which can call upon men and women less atomic bomb became an awesome reality. subject to the usual frailties of ambition MEETING THE CHALLENGE In 1926 experiments were made with liquid and suspicion to sit as a committee of in­ fuel rockets, and in 1957, came Sputnik. Our quiry on the really momentous blunders national attention and energy focused on that trouble a nation. catching up in the missile race and we moved The United States has recognized the need HON. DON EDWARDS OF CALIFORNIA into the space age. for some such committee of elders to help At present, plans !or equipment, jets, and us through supreme crises. The Pueblo case IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spaceships are becoming almost outmoded is not in this category. It merely raises the Tuesday, February 18, 1969 before they are built, due to the acceleration questions of right and wrong procedures. of man's fund of knowledge and his ability But Pearl Harbor and the murder of Presi­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. to store, retrieve, and analyze said knowledge dent Kennedy did force us to experiment Speaker, there is much discussion about at will, through the use of the computer. with something like the British Royal Com­ the failure of our institutions to provide Many of you present here tonight in your mission-something that could minimize students with skills that will equip them life have witnessed more technical and scien­ doubt in a doubting age, something beyond tific development than in all the rest of the politics to investigate great political ques­ to take their place in the labor force once they have completed their formal edu­ history of the world. We have seen great tions. strides in the field of electronics, transpor­ We did set up a kind of committee of cation. Unemployment and the resultant tation, communication, and the conquering elders to investigate Pearl Harbor and the social and economic problem it presents of outer space, just to nam~ a !ew, and with Kennedy assassination, and, while the pres­ often can be traced directly to the lack even greater predictions !or the future. Each tige of the elders did not avoid controversy, of skilled trainL11g necessary to gain em­ of the events I mentioned has brought with it they probably minimized it and suggested a ployment. With a vocation comes pride a constant demand for new skills and knowl­ way to deal with such problems in the and dignity, and feeling of achievement, edge that must be acquired, not only to build future. and to construct what our engineers design, TDME FOR REAPPRAISAL and the chance to direct one's life that a person who is unskilled and unemployed but to service and maintain them as well. Probably the militant young of the present The 20th century has brought with it fantas­ day would reject the whole idea of an out­ does not have. tic developments, and in its wake has created side committee of elders, since presumably In our technological society there 1s many major problems for which solutions some o! its members would be over thirty, an increasing demand for skilled work­ must be found. but even so, something in the investigative ers. This is a challenge that must be met The days are gone when xnan was permit­ procedure is missing, some group of our citi­ by our cities and schools. I am proud to ted a slow gradual change, when simple basic zens who would command the maximum of say that the city of San Jose Unified skills were handed down from !ather to son respect, to find out what went wrong on the School District is doing just this. On for centuries on end. The problems of present really spectacular mistakes of national January 30, 1969, I had the honor of at­ day society permit us no such luxury. Like policy. Alice in Wonderland, we must run twice as Even now the nation does not know how tending the dedication ceremonies at the fast just to stand still. Vocational training we lost our way before the Bay of Pigs, and San Jose Regional Vocational Center and has a greater role to play than ever before, if it is obviously too early to look into the in a speech Mr. Henry T. Gunderson, a we are to fully meet our responsibilities to blunders of Vietnam, which have cost us the member of the board of education of the our youth. We must provide them with the lives of over 30,000 of our fellow country­ San Jose Unified School District, told the skills which will enable them to organize men. But there should be some better way audience how San Jose is meeting the their lives--develop positive goals-and pro­ than we have now of studying the past to challenge through vocational education. vide for themselves and their families-a life learn for the future, and the tragic case of of dignity, fulfillment, and achievement. Commander Bucher merely reminds us that I now include Mr. Gunderson's timely comments in the RECORD, as follows: Those o! you assembled here tonight, that our procedures of investigation need to be received your first occupational sk1lls at a re-examined. MEETING THE CHALLENGE Vocational school recognize its value. Yet (By Henry T. Gunderson) today a large percent of our students are Today we hear a great deal about meeting dropping out, or terminating their formal A TRIBUTE TO EDUARDO the challenges that face our schools, and the education upon graduating from high school, MONDLANE changing times we are living in, and how with no specific skills. Too often they become we must adjust to keep abreast. This is true, unemployed statistics, present many of our but it is the tempo of change that has been social problems, and endure needless years HON. DONALD M. FRASER thrust upon us by events over which we had of frustration. The Federal government, in response to these problems, has authorized OF MINNESOTA no control that is responsible for the prob­ lems to which we now seek solutions. This the expenditure of high sums o! money for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tempo ha,s greatly accelerated in recent years, many programs that have one thing in com­ Tuesday, February 18, 1969 due to man's new fund of knowledge and mon: to provide the necessary education and means to apply it, and whether our scientific acquisition of skills to gain employment. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, one of and technical development was motivated by Skills that might have been acquired at Africa's exceptional leaders, Dr. Eduardo Sputnik or the arms race, the problems con­ schools such as this and must be provided if Mondlane, president of the Mozambique fronting us are no less real. such conditions are not to be perpetuated. February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4037 This new Regional Vocational Center 1s HITTING WHERE IT HURTS The State Attorney General's petition the response of the district to meet that charged that Associated Students' officers challenge, to assist students to take that withdrew $114,091 ot $225,000 in reserve first step on the career ladder of occupa­ HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN funds. It alleged that the officers converted tional training, and to prepare them for OF NEW HAMPSHIRB $33,425 of the group's assets to their own and gainful employment upon completion here, others' use. or to continue their education in college. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The officers of the Associated Students de­ The environment, buildings, and equip­ Tuesday, February 18, 1969 clined to comment pending consultation with ment here are outstanding. Architect Allan their attorney. However, a student source Walter, working with the administration and Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, today's close to the operations of that body said it staff, has designed an artistic, functional press indicates that the embattled dis­ was not unusual to borrow money from sav­ building, incorporating new concepts of tinguished and genial Dr. Hayakawa of ings at t he end of the semester to meet cur­ space allocations, core center, :flexibility and San Francisco State College has started rent expenses. The Associated Students expansion for future growth. As a regional to hit where it hurts in standing up $417,070 annual budget is financed mainly school, we have three other high school against student and faculty insurrection. by $10 fees paid by every student at regis­ districts, Campbell, Santa Clara, and East­ tration. side, sending their vocational students to At long last he is shutting off the money The Daily Gater and Open Process, the two enroll in an exciting new way to learn. and this, of course, is what was intended campus papers, are financed in part by Asso­ This joint participation is efficient and by my amendment among the Higher ciated Student money. It is not expected practical. It not only frees the districts from Education Act Amendments of 1968, that they will be allowed to continue pub­ the costly duplication of building facilities empowering universities that did not lishing. and the purchase of expensive equipment wish to expel willful disruptors of their The campus was quiet today as students that too often faces obsolescence, but per­ administration to cut off any Federal trudged to classes on the first day of a semes­ mits a wider variety of occupational courses scholarship money. ter that promises to be as troubled as the to be offered than would otherwise be pos­ The principle should apply across the one just ended. For the first time in weeks sible. Team teaching has been introduced, there were no pickets--but everyone was pre­ and the faculty is to be commended on their board, both with respect to Federal and paring for a continuation of the long siege. fine cooperation and coordination and en­ State funds. No student who willfully dis­ thusiasm. With the full support of advisory rupts the administration of a college NOTRE DAME ADoPTS HARD STAND ON REBELS committees from business, industry, labor should receive financial assistance from SouTH BEND, IND., February 17.-The Pres­ and management, an entirely new curricu­ any public source. dent of the University of Notre Dame, acting lum has been developed and modern ,.shops It is all so ridiculous anyway because in the wake of an outbreak in which four and laboratory equipment installed. of course the answer is shown by the persons were injured ten days ago, today A new approach of training has been in­ excerpt that follows, reflecting the dec­ laid down a no-nonsense policy of suspen­ troduced, one that provides a good under­ sion, expulsion and arrest. standing in families of occupation, where laration of policy at Notre Dame Uni­ The Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, in an open basic fundamentals and related subjects are versity. There is no nonsense there and letter to students and faculty members, said coordinated with shop and laboratory work. there should be no nonsense anywhere disrupters "will be given 15 minutes of medi­ This approach will increase the student em­ at any self-respecting educational in­ tation to cease and desist" before they are ployment opportunities. stitution. punished. This center is fulfilling a broader com­ The long and short of all of this is very "If they do not within that time cease and munity need by providing for adult educa­ simple. If a student wishes to attend a desist, they will be asked for their identit y tion, refresher courses for journeymen, and particular school he conducts himself cards. related classes for apprentices, as well as In other developments: participating in M.D.T.A. and the new WIN in accordance with the rules of that A student group calling itself the "Steer­ programs, which provides training for those school or he is out. He agrees to this ing Committee to Reform the University" who have had to seek public assistance, giv­ when he applies for admission. Once ex­ marched into the office of the President of ing them another chance to acquire the nec­ pelled he becomes a trespasser on the Pennsylvania State University and laid down essary tools to enter the working world. A campus and can be dealt with as any a list of demands it said were non-negotiable. well trained person is seldom a recipient of trespasser. Sooner or later, I predict that The demands included equal rights for public aid. In dedicating this San Jose Re­ out of one will be out of all by agreement women, abolition of ROTC academic credits gional Vocational Center, let us not feel our amongst college administrators nation­ and a ban on military recruitment on cam­ task is finished. We must keep aware of new pus. changes in occupations, as well as anticipat­ wide. It is about time. In West Chester, Pa., the board of trustees ing industrial trends. Our faculty, counsel­ The news items from the Washington of Cheyney State College made permanent ing and guidance service must not only keep Post of February 18, 1969, follows: the expulsion of six Negro militants for tak­ apace, but be sensitive to the students' needs HAY AKAWA GETS COURT To BAR REBELS' FuNDs ing part in campus disorders last November. and their cultural background. We must im­ (By Rosa Gustaitis) Six students were suspended from Roose­ prove the image of vocational training in the velt University in Chicago for disrupting a homes, schools, and the community if we SAN FRANCISCO, February 17.-A Superior psychology class. Dean of Students Lawrence are going to do ,an effective job. Court judge today placed student govern­ Silverman had warned student rebels the ment funds at San Francisco State College in school "would not permit interference with We must develop a new respect for work receivership, thus in effect silencing the two and recognize the important role and valu­ the right to teach." He said none of the six militant campus newspapers and cutting off was enrolled in the class. able contribution that each worker makes to funds from the Black Students Union as the total effort of society. Without those ef­ A special faculty committee appointed classes resumed for the spring semester. after last spring's student uprising at Colum­ forts, any engineering advances and inven­ Judge Edward O'Day, acting on a petition tive dreams would remain just dreams. We bia University proposed the creation of a by the State Attorney General on behalf of University Senate with members from the have a challenge to develop a campus en­ the college administration, named the Bank vironment which builds pride and dignity student body, the faculty and the adminis­ of America's trust fund as receiver. He set a tration. among the students and acceptance in the hearing for Wednesday on another part of the community. We can ill afford the price we petition, for removal of the officers of the have been paying for so-called "status" sym­ Associated Students organization on grounds bols of prestige and the stigma that, in some they had misappropriated funds. HUNGER IN AMERICA-PART ill quarters, has been attached to honest labor. The San Francisco State acting president, As no child is born into this world with S. I. Hayakawa, accused student body officers racial prejudice, no child is born with such of "dishonest use of public money." He de­ HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN intellectual snobbery. We must re-instill a nied that the court action was taken because OF NEW YORK proper appreciation of true values, if we are the group had supported the BSU-led student IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES going to be successful in recruiting large st rike that has kept the campus in turmoil numbers of students whose inclinations, since Nov. 5. The action was, he said, Tuesday, February 18, 1969 abilities, and interests lle in vocational fields. "against gangsterism and common thievery Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I have previ­ We need surveys to follow our students as going on in the background of the strike." they enter the field of work to provide feed­ Dr. Hayakawa said he had evidence that an ously noted the publication in the New back information on how well we are meet­ Associated Students check had been used to York Times of a series of articles by Ho­ ing our objectives and make the necessary purchase a ri:fle. However, when pressed for mer Bigart on "Hunger in America." changes where indicated. And, above all, we details, he acknowledged that he did not The third article in that series, entitled need the continued support of the commu­ know whether or not the check in question "Negroes in Mississippi Delta Poorly Fed nity to meet our expectations. was an employes pay check. Despite Federal Aid," describes the inad- CXV--255-Part 3 4038 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 equacy of present Federal food programs dismally against the wind and rain; old news­ ing tar from telephone poles-"they say its in the Mississippi Delta area. I urge my papers covered the walls. good for the gums"-and even clay. Pregnant Eight children were counted in the room women, especially, would pop a piece of earth colleagues to read Mr. Bigart's descrip­ and Dr. Shirley, poking carefully into a pile in their mouths, explaining they "had a taste tion of how the purpose of the food pro­ of ragged, musty quilts, found two more for it." grams passed by the Congress is being infants asleep in the bed. He said the woman "And they might get some essential min­ frustrated. had given birth to triplets four months be­ erals out of it," he said. The article follows: fore; one died at birth, and one of the sur­ Describing the plight of t housands of Delta (From the New York Times, Feb. 18, 1969] vivors had nearly expired of diarrhea and was families displaced by the mechanization just back from a Jackson hospital. The infant of the cotton plantations, Dr. Shirley said H U NGER IN AMERICA: MISSISSIPPI DELTA was almost certain to get diarrhea very soon he sometimes wondered if Negroes were not POORLY FEn DESPITE FEDERAL Am again under these living conditions, the doc­ better off in slavery days. (By Homer Bigart) tor said. "In open slavery times human life was of YAZoo CITY, Miss.-"They aren't starving, The family was unable to get on t he wel­ some value," he mused. "If master paid $100 really, but they are undernourished as hell." fare rolls because the husband was con­ for a man he'd see that his property was Dr. Aaron Shirley, a Jackson pediatrician sidered able-bodied. He earned $100 last well taken care of, just like a prize bull. and civil rights leader, made this diagnosis month, but now, in midwinter, there was But now the black people are no longer on during a recent visit to Negro homes in the no farm work available. The family had the plantations. There is no feeling of re­ Delta. nearly used up it-s food stamps, all that was sponsibility toward them, no need to help The degree of hunger among Delta Negroes left was sweet potatoes, condensed milk and them." has been a political issue ever since April, grits, t he mother said. Dr. Shirley, as head of Mississippi Action 1967, when Senator Robert F. Kennedy of Dr. Shirley examined the babies, calling For Progress, a Head Start program, recent­ New York and Senator Joseph S. Clark of attent ion to the lack of subcutaneous tissue ly received $106,000 from the Office of Eco­ Pennsylvania toured the Delta and reported on their tiny arms and legs. "They need pro­ nomic Opportunity to provide free food that many people were "slowly starving." t ein, calories and iron," he said. stamps for the desperately poor of three Indignant denials came from the white es­ "Too many people sleeping in that bed," counties-LeFlore, Scott and Claiborne­ tablishment. The general response was "we the woman muttered from the fireplace. where the situation was called "critical." treat our niggers fine," Dr. Shirley recalled. "If I can run across a baby bed, I'll get But he accused the state Welfare depar t ­ Gov. Paul B. Johnson Jr. reportedly described it to you," Dr. Shirley promised. ment of trying to frustrate the effort by re­ as "fat and shiny" every Magnolia State fusing to accept checks in payment for the Negro that met his eye. BUDGET IS DESCRIBED stamps, even though the checks were b acked The issue flared up anew after a team of In another shack, where daylight could be by sp.ecial ca.sh deposits in the county banks. doctors headed by Dr. Raymond M. Wheeler seen through a corner rathole, a mother Meanwhile he had helped some families out of Charlotte, N.C., reported to the Southern with seven children, living on social security of emergencies by giving them cash. Regional Council a widespread and "desper­ payments of $95.40 a month, described her The main complaint about the Federal food ate" need for food and medical care. budget. She had to make a cash contribu­ programs in the Delta was that they simply The Federal food programs were not only tion of $38 to obtain $96 in food stamps and were not reaching the most desperately poor. inadequate, they said, but were run by local "I run out of food in the third week." Her authorities with flagrant political or racial rent she said, was $16 a month, plus $5 or $6 MYSTERY FINALLY SOLVED bias. The doctors' indictment was harsh: for gas, plus $8 for lights and $3 for water. Even though the minimum cash invest ­ "It is unbelievable to us that a nation as rich Tha t left about $25 for all other essentials­ ment for food stamps by the poorest fam­ as ours, with all its technological and scien­ clothes, soap and supplemental food to get ilies--those with an income of less than $20 tific resources, has to permit thousands and eight people through the rest of the month. a month-had been reduced from $2 to 50 thousands of children to go hungry, go sick, Occasional housework for white families cents, there were still hundreds of families and die grim and premature deaths." paid $3.50 to $5 a day, she said, then she that couldn't raise 50 cents. Though many people may think first of had to hire a baby sitter. Baby sitters charge It had taken former Secretary of Agricul­ Mississippi when the subject of hunger comes 50 cents a head, and with four children under ture Orville L. Freeman several years to solve up, the state actually has a good record of six years that would come to $2, leaving the mystery of why the number of partici­ participation in Federal food programs. Ev­ $1.50 to $3 for the day's work. pants in food programs always dropped sharp­ ery one of its 82 counties is enrolled in either "If you could get a job would you work?" ly whenever a county switched from free dis­ food stamps or direct commodity distribu­ Dr. Shirley asked. tribution of Federal surplus commodities to tion, a better record than New York, where "I sure would," said the mother emphati­ food stamps. Finally, some of his aides went six counties (Sullivan, Rockland, Putnam, cally. "I never want to be on welfare, pe­ to Mississippi and brought back the start­ Chenango, Ontario and Otsego) do not par­ riod." ling news: "There are families existing with ticipate and have no plans for joining the "That's the tale you always hear in town: no discernible income." food prograins. 'They don't want to work,'" Dr. Shirley said. Today, families in the food stamp program Nor are the Delta counties the hungriest in Negroes who get sick in Yazoo City are complain that the amount of monthly food the land. Stomachs of reservat ion Indians sent to t he Afro-American Hospital, a county­ they obtain usually is exhausted after the are probably emptier more often than supported institution that cannot afford a third week. A board of inquiry headed by stomachs of Delta bl&cks. pat hologist nor even a laboratory technician. Dr. Leslie W. Dunbar, executive director of No one knows how many Americans are There, Dr. Cyril A. Walwyn, the director, the Field Foundation, and Dr. Benjamin E. chronically hungry. The best educated guess contended that hunger in the Delta was not Mays, president emeritus of Morehouse Dol­ comes from Dr. Thomas E. Bryant, assistant decreasing, as most whites insisted; he had lege, and sponsored by the Citizens' Crusade director of the Office of Economic Oppor­ seen too many pot-bellied, worm-infested Against Poverty, an organization with the tunity for Health Affairs. youngsters. backing of the United Auto Workers, reported According to Dr. Bryant, there are 12 to 15 "I feel they are slowly starving," he said. a year ago that the money value of the million "hard-core poor." The "hard core" Dr. Walwyn was one of the six doctors who stamps fell "consistently and deliberately be­ are defined as those families with an annual wrote the Delta hunger report. low the amount necessary to secure a mini­ income of less than $2,000, based on a family "I have a quarrel with the welfare peo­ mally adequate diet." of four. Since the Department of Agriculture ple," he continued. "They just don't care. This indictment was substantiat ed last estimates that a family of four must spend Often they show a patronizing attitude to­ m on t h when a preliminary report of the Na ­ $1,284 for an adequate diet, Dr. Bryant con­ ward the poor. If I am not as suppliant and tional Nutrition Survey, the first scientific cludes that a family earning less than $2,000 cringing as they think I should be, they attempt by the Federal Government to meas­ would find it impossible to buy enough food won't give me help." ure malnutrition in the United States, called t o meet minimum nutrition standards after Driving back to Jackson, Dr. Shirley said: the food programs inadequate. meeting other essential human needs. "Black people have changed. A lot of the In Greenville, Mrs. Frances Young said At present, the food programs of the De­ old fear is gone. But people are stm dying she had to feed herself and nine children on p artment of Agriculture reach about 6,333,- unnecessarily of disease and poor nutrition $118 worth of food a month purchased by 000 persons, many of whom are better off h as cont ributed to their dying." stamps for which she paid $33. Her monthly t h an the "hard-core poor." So, by some offi­ CHANCES ARE DIMINISHED income was $55 from Aid to Dependent Chil­ cial estimates there are at least six to nine dren, plus $50 sent by her elderly daughter million Americans for whom hunger m ay be "A baby's chances of recovering from in Detroit. Total, $105. almost a daily fact of life. pneumonia or severe diarrhea are diminished Rent took $25 a month, she said, and bills considerably if he's undernourished. So this NEWSPAPERS COVER WALLS were overdue for gas, electricity and water . kid will die, and it's listed on the death She had doctor bills totaling $233. It was cold and rainy the day Dr. Shirley certificate as diarrhea. Now, this kid didn't led a visitor into a back-street shack where st arve to death. But if he'd been in fairly AGED LIVE IN CABINS a Negro couple and several children were good nutritive status he wouldn't have died." "I can't feed this family," said Mrs. Young huddling at a fireplace. Most of the windows Dr. Shirley said he had seen people eat despairingly. "We have pln.to beans and were plugged with cardboard, which rattled almost anything they could chew, includ- bread. That's all for supper." February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4039 "And this here's what I'm sweeping with,'' ruth in New York City, has sent several Delta FCC REGULATIONS GOVERNING she said, wrathfully snatching up a stringy Negroes to Israel to study farm cooperatives CATV broom worn down to a final clutch of straws. there--the project has formed the Northern But at least the Youngs were better off ·Bolivar Farm Cooperative, which last year than some aged and lonely Negroes that re­ grew over a milllon pounds of produce on HON. JOSHUA EILBERG mained in rural cabins after their youngsters ·rented land. Starting with 120 acres, the had gone North to find work. The only nurs­ cooperative hopes to expand to 500 acres this OF PENNSYLVANIA ing home for Negroes in the area burned year. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES down on Jan. 18, killing seven of the aged CANNERY FOR "SOUL FOOD" Tuesday, February 18, 1969 and destitute, including an old woman who There are tentative plans for a $400,000 had been restrained by chicken wire because cannery that would process "soul food" for Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the re­ she was senile. the ethnic market, such as collards, gumboes cent regulations of the Federal Commu­ The whole town was shocked, but no one, and mustard greens. nications Commission governing CATV white or black, could find it in his heart to Meanwhile, Dr. Roy Brown, associate pro­ have caused considerable chaos in the blame Carrie Weaver and her husband Wash, fessor of pediatrics and preventive medicine Philadelphia area. I am concerned more who ran the firetrap. After all, the victims at Tufts, and Dr. Florence Halpern, a psy­ particularly because the Jerrold Elec­ had no other place to live. chologist from New York, are surveying the Wash Weaver told of finding old Ann medical and social backgrounds of 400 Negro tronics Corp. in Philadelphia is a major House, who must have been 80, he said, lying children up to age three. producer of equipment used in this new helplessly in her cabin, wasted down to 100 Dr. Brown and Dr. Halpern are convinced industry. A substantial number of Jer­ pounds because no one had brought food. that Negro children brought up in the Delta rold employees, some 2,100 workers, are "She must have been layin' on the floor already suffer brain retardation because of residents of the Fourth District of Penn­ for days,'' Wash Weaver said. "I had to cut crushing poverty before they are old sylvanj.a, which I have the pleasure to her clothes off with a knife." enough-three-to enter the Head Start pro­ represent. I am convinced that the reg­ Mrs. House was one of the fire victims. grams. Down in Isaquena County, one of the "One of the things that pulls them down ulations are capricious and that a better poorest counties in the Delta, Mrs. Unita is the lack of verbal stimulation at home,'' approach would be for legislative action Blackwell, a leader of the Freedom Demo­ Dr. Brown said. "Perhaps we should bring in the field involved. I implore the Fed­ cratic Party, said a few more commodities them into Head Start programs at three eral Communications Commission to re­ had become available under the direct dis­ months, instead of three years." consider the action it has taken and at tribution program but that people still least suspend the effectiveness of its new weren't getting a balanced diet from the free regulations pending action by the 91st surplus foods. (The Agriculture Department Congress. offers each county a choice between a free NANCY A. THOMPSON RETIRES: but very limited commodities distribution The situation is truly stated in a state­ and the stamp program; no county can have DEDICATED PUBLIC SERVANT ment by Louis L. Kaplan, international both). representative, United Electrical Radio Mrs. Blackwell was worried about the HON. EMANUEL CELLER & Machine Workers of America--UE-­ children. District No. 1, before the Federal Com­ "Grown folks have been hungry a long, OF NEW YORK munications Commission on February 4, long time,'' she said, "but the kids just got IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1969. Having received permission, I make here and we don't want them mixed up with Wednesday, February 19, 1969 blood disorders. U you can't get enough his statement a part of the RECORD as food, your brain won't work." Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, Nancy A. follows: There are two developments in the Delta Thompson, Assistant Chief of Legisla­ STATEMENT OF LoUIS L. KAPLAN that promise better times. tion in the Department of Justice, is re­ On December 12, 1968, the Federal Com­ A distinguished biracial group of Missis­ tiring after faithfully serving the United munications Commission gave notice of cer­ sippians, including Dr. Temple Ainsworth, States for 31 years. tain proposed rules and regulations govern­ former president of the State Medical As­ ing CATV. At the same time, the Commission sociation, and the Right Rev. John Allin, Miss Thompson embarked upon her froze the processing of all CATV applications Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Mississippi; dedication to public service 1n the Treas­ and all further developments of CATV sta­ Dr. Robert E. Carter, dean of the Mississippi ury Department. In her first 3 years she tions not already in operation at the time School of Medicine, and Dr. Albert B. Britton, served in the Treasury, Interior, and of the notice. It is probable that this freeze a leading Negro doctor in Jackson, have pro­ War Departments, as well as the NLRB. will remain in effect for at least a year or posed Federal funding for a crash program Then, she began a 28-year career with more while the Commission deliberates. to lower the infant, maternal and child the Department of Justice. The effect of this action has been disas­ mortality rates in five Delta counties. Miss Thompson is the proverbial "self­ trous to the industry, resulting in the loss Delta counties have a history of the highest of thousands of jobs which doomed not only infant mortality rate among Negroes in the made woman." She obtained her college the affected workers to poverty and hard­ country-72.7 per 1,000 live births in 1965. credits, a George Washington University ship but their families as well. Moreover, in The maternal death rate among Negroes was Law School education, and 1 ~ years of upstate New York where TACO is the major 25.1 in the same year. accounting at night while holding down or only employer, the hardship is borne by The biracial committee proposes as a a full-time job. the whole community and the economic well­ "short-term objective" a 20 per cent cut in Prior to assuming her present duties being of approximately 50,000 people is at the excessively high infant, maternal and in the Office of the Deputy Attorney Gen­ stake. child mortality rates in the five countles-­ eral, Miss Thompson served with dis­ This union does not know the extent of Sharkey, Issaquena, Holmes, Humphreys and tinction in the Department's Lands Di­ the damage to other areas of the country but Washington in the first year. Health services we would venture to state that it has been in the counties would be strengthened, scores vision, Board of Immigration Appeals, considerable and that the full effect of the of mid-wives and health aides trained and and Office of Alien Property. Commission's freeze on CATV has not yet sanitation improved. The committee asked Endowed with a keen mind and an ex­ been felt. the Federal Department of Health, Educa­ uberant, friendly personality, Miss The freeze on CATV operations has re­ tion and Welfare for $3,405,000. Thompson exemplifies the highest cali­ sulted in a suspension in manufacture of Some Negro leaders, including Dr. Shirley, ber public servant. The Department of equipment for the use of CATV stations. have criticized the project, saying it would be Justice has recognized her outstanding That is the UE's immediate concern-pro­ dominated by whites. The committee is com­ tecting the jobs and working conditions of posed of five whites and four Negroes. qualities with a Sustained Superior Per­ formance Award and a Special Commen­ the workers who make that equipment. PROJECT IS EXPANDED However, we would be opposed to the FCC's dation Award. The Committee on the Ju­ freeze on CATV even if the jobs of our mem­ The other development is the further ex­ diciary, of which I have the honor to be pansion of the Tufts Delta Health Project, bership were not involved. The FCC action sponsored by Tufts University, in Bolivar chairman, is indebted to Miss Thompson would deprive thousands of UE members and County. for her able, most cooperative assistance millions of Americans who live in fringe Convinced of the "enormous futility" of in the 10 years during which she has areas of full access to television broadcasts. trying to tackle health problems without been serving the Congress through the With those brief remarks, the UE desires changing other aspects of Delta life, such Department of Justice. We will miss her, to make the following points for the Com­ as housing, employment and education, Jack but she has earned the right to enjoy a missions consideration: Geiger, director of the project, and other long and healthy retirement. · 1. In the enabling act of 1934, the Com­ leaders, are now helping Negroes operate a mission was created "for the purpose of · farm cooperative, rebuild houses and plan I join with the friends Miss Thompson regulating interstate and foreign commerce Negro enterprises. leaves behind in both the executive and in communication by wire and radio so as to With guidance from the Government of legislative branches in wishing her make available, so far as possible, to all Israel-Zev Barash, representative of Histad- health and happiness. people of the United States a rapid, effi- 4040 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 cient, nationwide and worldwide wire and 9. It is in the public interest for the Com­ Capell's Herald of Freedom for Febru­ radio communication service with adequate mission to foster "adequate facilities at rea­ ary 21, 1969, at this point in my com­ facilities at reasonable charges. (emphasis sonable charges" which cannot prevail if ments: added). This mandate still exists and has CATV subscribers must pay for the cable ARTHUR F. BURNS been expanded over the years as technologi­ equipment, the receiving sets, the fees de­ manded by the networks, and meet the de­ With the advent of Richard Nixon to the cal developments made it necessary. Presidency of the United States, the "in­ 2. In the past 35 years there has been a mands of performing artists for royalties over and above those already received. This finan­ visible government" is becoming more and tremendous growth in the communication more visible. When the Democrats took over industry but, today, the airwaves are domi­ cial burden which would unquestionably be in 1961 it was ADA people who moved in nated by three major networks and will con­ passed on to the individual viewer, would limit subscriptions, restrict expansion of the in droves; with the Republicans now it is tinue to so dominate the air in the foresee­ CFR people. The Council on Foreign Rela­ able future. This has resulted in gigantic industry, and overturn the Supreme Court's decision in Fortnightly Corp. V. United Art­ tions has been called the invisible govern­ profits for the networks involved but has ment of the United States and the shape of not resulted in bringing "to all people of ists Television, Inc. This would not be in things to come may be glimpsed by a look at the United States communication services accord with the public interest or FCC's with adequate facilities at reasonable mandate. its personnel, policies and plans. 10. Freezing further development of CATV We recommend that our readers secure charges." The profits of the networks are "The Invisible Government" by Dan Smoot assured whatever may happen to UHF or is contrary to public interest because it is CATV. Therefore, it is in the public interest inconsistent with past practices of the Com­ and "The CFR" by Phoebe Courtney and mission when promulgating new rules and read them carefully if they have not already for FCC to foster expansion of communica­ done so. For a brief summary we include here tion services in every way possible to meet regulations. The UE protests this arbitrary action and respectively suggests that the exerpts from the Dan Smoot Report of July the existing need and future needs of the 21, 1964 concerning the CFR. Nation. Commission can best serve the public by 3. Our economy is based on competition. making its rules and regulations effective on "The people elected and appointed to man­ It is in the public policy to encourage com­ the date a final decision is issued. age the affairs of the United States Govern­ petition as against the development of mas­ 11. The present freeze on CATV develop­ ment have, in large measure, become pup­ sive monopolistic enterprises. Yet the FCC ment will destroy many small manufactur­ pets, controlled by powerful persons working action runs directly counter to public pol­ ing companies who cannot remain in busi­ in and through a network of tax-exempt or­ icy. It would discourage competition by small ness while the Commission makes up its col­ ganizations. CATV companies and put the nation's air lective mind. This restricts free enterprise "At the center of this network is the waves more firmly in the grip of the three and is contrary to the public interest. We Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). • • • major networks. do not believe that in the coming months "They are an elite who set policies of our 4. The Commission's proposed rules and while the Commission carries on its delib­ federal government; and, through a vast, regulations condemned to death the eco­ erations that any major damage will be in­ interlocking combine of educational and nomic well-being of over 50,000 people who flicted on the networks, or even on UHF opinion-forming agencies, they influence or live in Sherburne, Norwich and New Berlin, stations. control propaganda which persuades Con­ N.Y. It has seriously crippled the economy 12. The FCC has asked why cable broad­ gress and the public to accept the policies. of Pennsylvania. It will affect other com­ casters should get, without charge, programs "In short, the Council on Foreign Relations munities from coast to coast. It will affect for which the major TV networks have to IS the invisible government of the United the national economy through loss of taxes. pay. The question might be better posed States. • • • None of this is in the public interest. "Why should the major broadcasting com­ ..The CFR itself is a small organization 5. In these days, when poverty is one of panies receive additional subsidies over and (1400 members); but it is the control center our country's greatest burdens, the FCC above their immensely profitable control of of a vast complex of multi-million-dollar has paralyzed a new and expanding industry a natural resource?" foundations and myriad other tax-exempt that has provided and can provide thou­ 13. In informal discussions with officials organizations which work in unison toward sands of skilled jobs. The Commission's ac­ of the FCC, it has been suggested to repre­ one-world socialism. The CFR has no formal tion was not in the public interest. sentatives of this union that the layoffs that affiliation with most of the other organiza­ 6. It is also a matter of public policy to have occurred in the equipped manufactur­ tions; but the interlock is shown by their actively provide job opportunities for Ne­ ing shops were not due to the Commission's common objective, by their common source groes, including their training for skilled actions. We reject that suggestion for two of funds, and by the overlapping of officers jobs. UE has worked together with manage­ reasons: First, it is inconceivable that any and membership." ment to fully integrate the work force at company will release from its employment Funds come from the Rockefellers and Jerrold. As a result of our efforts, Negroes not just production workers but the highly their funds and foundations, the Carnegie comprise approximately 40% of the total skilled technicians, engineers, administrative Foundation and the Ford Foundation, among employment. Through on-the-job training and sales employees, which has happened in others. Among the interlocking organizations programs, Negroes have acquired the skills to Jerrold and TACO. Secondly, it is even more are the Foreign Policy Association, the World work at the most skilled jobs together with incredible that a company would voluntarily Affairs Councils, the Institute of Pacific Rela­ whites, in substantial numbers and at wages endanger its financial standing and court tions and the Atlantic Union Committee. that are among the highest in the industry. bankruptcy. This last organization advocated regional But the FCC action has already resulted 14. In conclusion, I would like to say that unions gradually working up to world gov­ in the loss of jobs of 20% of the Negroes this union firmly believes that a laborer is ernment. When the United Nations was among the employees at Jerrold. Many more worthy of his hire and that we do not reject formed in San Francisco in 1945 at least forty would be scheduled for layoffs if the FCC outright the demands of performing artists members of the Council on Foreign Rela­ policies are continued. for additional royalties for shows carried tions were in attendance to help with its 7. By the freeze on CATV development, the over CATV. However, we believe it is in the birth. Among them were Alger Hiss, Edward Commission has placed an additional strain public interest for these royalties to be as R. Stettinius (then Secretary of State), Leo on communications. Providing the people low as possible and that in making recom­ Pasvolsky, John Foster Dulles, Nelson Rock­ with adequate communication services is not mendations to Congress the Commission efeller, Adlai Stevenson and Ralph Bunche. being done. CATV can jump mountains, dip should lend its influence toward expanding The Council on Foreign Relations was into valleys and city canyons and provide a communication service, regardless of other formed after World War I (with a sister or­ clear reception, local programs and special factors, and that this is most consistent ganization in England) when the United events that the networks, for profit reasons, with the Commission's mandate. States disappointed the One-Worlders by not will not or do not carry, or cannot provide. It Thank you. Do you have any questions? joining the League of Nations. It was in­ is in the public interest to foster these ad­ corporated and the papers filed Aug. 5, 1921, ditional services. with offices at 25 W. 43 Street, New York City. 8. There is no need for this union to point Among the original incorporators were Paul out the obvious but it is well-known to all ARTHURF.BURNS:UNTOUCHABLES M. Warburg and Otto H. Kahn of Kuhn, of us that the major networks are not now UNENDING Loeb & Co., financiers of the Communist providing the diversified programming tha·t take-over of Russia. Its present headquarters can be made available through CATV sys­ is the Harold Pratt House, 58 East 68th St., tems. In fact, the networks would prefer to HON. JOHN R. RARICK New York. force upon both UHF and CATV stations the OF LOUISIANA The Council on Foreign Relations is repre­ packaged goods pr-oduced in their own stu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sented in the Nixon Administration by Henry dios whether or not these systems want A. Kissinger, William P. Rogers, Charles W . them-and, I might add, at prices that would Tuesday, February 18, 1969 Yost and a new appointment, Arthur H. prohibit expansion of the CATV system. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, "Is there a Burns, among others. On Jan. 23, 1969 Presi­ CATV stations can also provide programs of dent Nixon announced the appointment of local interest such as area sport events, po­ dime's worth of difference?" Dr. Burns to a post created by his executive litical speeches, proceedings of citizens and To help our colleagues appreciate order-Counselor to the President which educational groups which the networks sim­ what is going on in the internal affairs carries with it Cabinet rank. ply will not provide. It is in the public inter· of our country infected by an unending Arthur Frank Burns was born April 27, est to provide these additional services, parade of untouchables, I place Frank 1904 in Stanislau, Austria, the son of Nathan February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4041 Burns and the former Sarah Juran.* The Council, succeeding Leon Keyserling. He re­ cers and dlrectors of the Twentieth Century family immigrated to the United States and mained in this position until 1956. Fund have been J. Robert Oppenheimer, settled in Bayonne, N.J. where Arthur at­ Burns' friendship with President Nixon Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.. John Kenneth Gal­ tended Bayonne High School, graduating in dates back to his appointment in 1953. The braith and Evans Clark, a trlend ot the So­ 1921. He worked his way through Columbia N.Y. Times profile on Burns states: viet Communists since their "noble experi­ and obtained both his B.A. and M.A. in 1925. "Mr. Burns got where he is not because ment.. began. He worked under the direction While continuing to study for his Ph. D. at of his background ... but because fate hap­ of Ludwig O.A.K. Martens, head of the So­ Columbia, Burns taught at Rutgers, begin­ pened to make him swim first into the ken, viet Bureau 1n the United States. ning as an instructor in economics in 1927 and then win the confidence and respect of The Reece Committee investigating tax­ and finally becoming a full professor in 1943. Richard M. Nixon. A relationship that began exempt foundations had this to say concern­ He obtained his Ph. D. from Columbia in 1934 in 1953 has lasted and flowered • • • ing the Twentieth Century Fund, "That and in 1941 returned there as a visiting pro­ "The two men came together in the early several such persons (pro-Communists) fessor and in 1944 became a full-time profes­ days of the Eisenhower Administration. Mr. should be actively and importantly associ­ sor of economics there. Burns, then chairman of the Council of Eco­ ated with a public trust, Tax Exempt Foun­ Beginning in 1930 Burns became asso­ nomic Advisers, was impressed with the dations, spending millions of dollars in pub­ ciated with the National Bureau of Eco­ young Vice President, and Mr. Nixon appre­ lic money is, in our considered opinion, nomic Research, an organization which had ciated the time Mr. Burns was willing to highly improper and an utter lack of re­ been established in 1920. He was a member give him." sponsibility by foundation trustees and di­ of the research staff and in 1945 became The Washington Post states: "Nixon is rectors in the discharge of their duties." director of research, succeeding Wesley C. known to have great faith and trust in The Twentieth Century Fund lost its tax Mitchell, by whom Burns believes himself to Burns, having been close to him, especially exemption from 1935 to 1939 because of cer­ have been principally influenced. Mitchell, during the past eight years." This friendship tain propaganda activities. To hold the posi­ also a Columbia University professor, had and confidence has now paid off for Dr. tion of trustee in such an organization one a public record of affiliation with many Burns in the form of one of the most power­ would certainly have to share its views. The Communist-fronts. As president of the Amer­ ful positions in the U.S. Government. "He Fund sent representatives to the Disarma­ ican Association for the Advancement of would appear to be almost a deputy Presi­ ment Symposium held at the University of Science, he signed a statement on behalf dent for domestic matters," says the Post. Michigan where plans were worked out for of the Communist Party, U.S.A. Mitchell and As a member of the Council on Foreign the complete and general disarmament of the Burns coauthored the book, "Measuring Relations, Burns is a member i.a good stand­ United States, including the setting up of Business Cycles," published in 1946. Prof. ing of the Establishment. He is also a mem­ U.N. Inspection Bases with U.N. "peace-keep­ Wesley C. Mitchell taught at Columbia Un1- ber of the International Pilgrim Society of ing" forces stationed at the bases. versity from 1913 to 1944 and was Director which Eisenhower was Honorary President. Poor's Register of corporations and di­ of Research for the National Bureau of Eco­ The Pilgrims were founded in London July rectors shows Arthur Burns to be a director nomic Research from 1920 to 1945. He was 24, 1902 and the Pilgrims of the United of Dividend Shares, Inc. of One Wall St., a director of the New School for Social Re­ States were founded in New York City on New York. Out of nine d.i.rectors, five are search. The Lusk Committee shows he was January 13, 1903. This is a secret society of members of the Council on Foreign Rela­ connected with the Intercollegiate Socialist international finance, dedicated to the es­ tions-Arthur F. Burns, Grayson Kirk (forced Society and was a stockholder in the Libera­ tablishment of "One World." The activities out of Columbia University by the student tor, a Communist magazine. Mitchell was a of this society, described as "the most pow­ riots). Hugh Bullock (international banker). planner for the Roosevelt Administration, erful international society on earth," have Frank Pace, Jr. of General Dynamics Corp., being a member of the National Plann1ng been so wrapped in silence that few Ameri­ and Maxwell D. Taylor of the Mexican Light Board. His political orientation is quite ob­ cans are aware of its existence. and Power Co. Three of these are members of vious from his background and his protege, Arthur Burns has also been listed as a the International Pilgrim Society. Dividend Dr. Burns, is now ready to plan and direct member of the Research Council for the In­ Shares, Inc. is in the investment business the domestic policies of the new Nixon Ad­ stitute of World Affairs, Inc. This is another and is shown as having a volume of $12 to ministration, Old planners never die, they little known but influential organization $15 mill1on. just pass the work along to their successors. working on the international scene. It was Arthur Burns has been a consultant to the For a short period of time beginning in established originally by Mr. and Mr-s. Alex­ Bullock Fund Limited, an investment firm 1937 Arthur Burns was a research consul­ ander M. Hadden 45 years ago in Geneva, of which Hugh Bullock is president. Frank tant to the U.S. Treasury Department. So­ Switzerland. Its stated purpose is to prepare Pace, Jr. and Maxwell D. Taylor are directors viet agent Harry Dexter White was assistant outstanding youth for leadership and partici­ of this firm. Poor's Register shows Arthur director of research for the Treasury De­ pation in world affairs. An article in the N.Y. Burns as a director of Nation-Wide Security partment at this time. The National Bu­ Times stated: Company, One Wall Street, New York, an reau of Economic Research worked in co­ "Among the leaders of today's world who investment firm with a volume of $1 to $3 operation with the National Research Project attended the institute when they were stu­ million. Our Council on Foreign Relations of the u.s. Government, a division of the dents are Walt W. Rostow . . . James A. and Pilgrim people are also directors of this Works Progress Admin1stration (WPA), es­ Linen, president of Time, Inc., and Karl firm: Arthur Burns, Hugh Bullock, Grayson tablished by President Roosevelt by execu­ H. Knappstein, West German Ambassador to Kirk, Frank Pace, Jr. and Maxwell D. Taylor. tive order. Director of the National Research the United States. . . . Arthur Burns became president of the Project was David Weintraub who had been "But all is not cerebral. At night the stu­ National Bureau of Economic Research in an employee of the National Bureau of Eco­ dents stage variety shows ... or sit around 1956 and has headed it ever since. In 1961 nomic Research before leaving to enter gov­ swapping stories. And some of them fall in he was a member of President Kennedy's ernment service. During his employment love, like Mr. Rostow, who, in the session Advisory Committee on Labor-Management with the private agency he had been loaned of 1937, met the girl he later married." Policy. His role during the Eisenhower Ad­ to work with Sidney Hillman and the Amal­ Who's Who in World Jewry 1965 ministration was assessed by Robert Welch gamated Clothing Workers, David Weintraub shows Arthur F. Burns as a trustee of the in his book, "The Politician." He described and his assistant in the National Research Twentieth Century Fund, established in 1919 Burns as an "Off-and-on Economic Adviser Project, Irving Kaplan, have both been iden­ by Edward A. Filene, a wealthy Boston mer­ and Super-adviser to the President," and tified by Whittaker Chambers as Commu­ chant who had an early interest in Commu­ stated: "Typical of the kind of economic ad­ nists in sworn testimony. Weintraub, like nist Russia. Filene was affiliated with the vice Burns hands out were his statements Burns, was born in Austria and obtained American-Russian Chamber of Commerce in 1955 that 'our system of free and com­ his M.A. from Columbia Un1versity. which later became the American Society petitive enterprise is on trial' and that gov­ In 1941 Arthur Burns again joined the for Cultural Relations with Russia (a cited ernment 'must be ready to take vigorous Roosevelt Administration, becoming chief Communist front). He was affiliated with steps to help maintain a stable prosperity.' economist for the President's Railway Emer­ the American Association for Labor Legisla­ It 1s quite probable that the job of 'eco­ gency Board. Although he had previously tion, the Foreign Polley Association and in nomic adviser• has been merely a coverup been a Democrat, Burns supported Eisen­ 1927 went to the Soviet Un1on with Com­ for Burns' liaison work between Eisenhower hower in 1952 and in 1953 was the first mem­ munist-fronter Jerome Davis to make an and some of his bosses in the Establishment." ber to be named to the Council of Economic "impartial" investigation of conditions and Current biography 1953 states that in his Advisers by Eisenhower when he took over came back with glowingly favorable reports. book, 'Economic Research and the Keynes­ the reins of government. His nomination was The Twentieth Century Fund conducts ian Thinking of our Times," Burns "ac­ announced March 6, 1953 and he was con­ studies using teams of specially selected ex­ knowledged the important contributions firmed by the Senate March 18, 1953. In his perts, produces films, publishes books, pam­ Lord Keynes had made by calling attention new position with the Nixon Administration phlets, charts, graphics, and a newsletter. to the need for maintaining high employ­ no confirmation is necessary. On August 8, The influence of its work is felt throughout ment." There is much speculation as to what 1953 Burns was appointed chairman of the the country and its findings and recom­ Burns' role in the Nixon Administration w111 mendations are -guides for the Fabian So­ be. The Washington Post stated: "Bmns• role, *Who's Who in World Jewry and Who's cialist Movement. The Fund for years used clearly wide-rang1ilg, is not fully spelled Who in America list the mother;s maiden as an economic adviser Dr. Wesley C. out ... around the Executive Office Building name as Juran, while Current Biography lists Mitchell, the associate of Dr. Burns who in­ next to the White House ... one active rumor it as "Joseph." fiuenced him so strongly. Among the offi- is that Burns w111 stay in the White House EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 only untu the Chafrm11.~htp of the Ped- nomic Association and that he is a member In 1918 the Judge saw the shortage o! of­ 1!:ral Reserve Board, or some equally pres­ of the administrative board o! the Institute ficers and llke the Offi.cer Candidates here, he tigious operating lob. opens up.- for Urban Land Use and Housing Studies determined to carry his full load and so he Even before he was m11.1ie an oflle111.1 part of and of the editorial and advisory board of took officer tra1nlng, I feel sure that he, when the new Nixon govel"11D1ent, ~ was busy the American Palestine Institute. His N.Y. he was young, had other things in common wlth advice. The Washington, D.C. ETening Ttmes profile states: "Some former associ­ with you men here today and that your train­ star of Januaey 24, 1969 stated: ates in New York are said to have found him Ing will be to you as it was to him-a main "The President's new counselor, Burns, 'difficult' to work with. Others who have asset to the future. submitted to Nixon on Tuesday a report, worked with h1m frankly dislike him." The Lieutenant Zieba has won his place among based on task force studies, the President's important thing is not whether his person­ the patriotic officers who build our superb own think1ng, the 1968 Republican platform ality is pleasing but whether his political Army Infantry leadership. This achievement and other sources, which reconunend both philosophy Is acceptable to the American Is important because such capable and high an tnunedlate and long-term executive and people who have had him thrust upon them caliber leadership is the key-in every en­ legislative aetlon. as .. Deputy President.'' deavor and at every level. "The report was organized around 18 At the national level our congratulations major issues, including electoral reform; go to President Nixon as he begins to lead government organization; federal expend­ as Commander-in-Chief. Here's to his great itures, taxation. debt and credit programs; ROBERT P. PATTERSON MEMORIAL success and wisdom in dealing with the prob­ science and technology; education; business lems so vastly multiplied since our fore­ regulation; resources and environment; AWARD GIVEN TO 1ST LT. JAMES fathers left the Old War to live in freedom ac­ health care and welfare; manpower and civil S. ZIEBA cording to their consciences. Today disaster rights and internal economic policies. for one country Is disaster !or all. To my ··~ report is expected to form the basis mind, that's why angry isolation is a danger of Nixon's domestic program during his first HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE to everyone and why we must try !or under­ year in office .... OF llri.ASSACHUSETl'S standing. Give a chance to men who need "In his new capacity, Burns said he would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fulfillment and offer friendly help and re­ be engaged in enlarging the sphere for assurance even to those who have opposed presidential action and carrying out Nixon's Tuesday, February 18, 1969 us at home and abroad. That is why Amer­ plans and policies, as well as maintalnlng a Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, on February ica's duty now is to help make the world •continuous inventory' of possible domestic safe for mankind, and share the role of 12. 1969, one of my constituents, 1st Lt. peacemaker with all who want peace. For this action." James S. Zieba, of Adams, was given the The Dallas News of Jan. 24, 1969 stated: understanding the President asked the help "President Nixon signaled Thursday a pos­ Robert P. Patterson Memorial Award at of every nation and every man. sible major push to get Congress to enact his Fort Benning, Ga. The Robert P. Patter­ Judge Patterson, as a citizen and soldier, own legislative program this year. son Memorial Award was established in would have responded with all his heart for "This word came from Dr. Arthur Burns. commemoration of the late Secretary he believed that the fulfillment o! our re­ named by Nixon to be counselor to the Presi­ of War and judge of the U.S. Circuit sponsiblllties here and in the world is what dent with Cabinet rank and charged with de­ Court of Appeals. It :Is awarded annually makes America great; and may America veloping domestic policies and programs for prove as faithful to this duty as the brave to the outstanding infantry officer can­ G!s in following their platoon leader. For the new administration. is to "Burns is the only member of the White didate graduate. Lieutenant Zieba not even the President can reach the objec­ House staff to be accorded Cabinet rank and, be congratulated for his exceptional rec­ tive unless men trust and follow him. so far as could be recalled, is the first presi­ ord as an officer candidate. A man burdened with high position needs dential aide to have the title of counselor. Mrs. Robert P. Patterson was the guest every bit of training and leadership that he "Press Secretary Ronald L. Ziegler was asked of honor at the presentation of the Rob­ can get and I hope that someday such train­ whether Burns would be considered the rank­ ing will be offered to all who have the cour­ ert P. Patterson Memorial Award. At age to undertake a career of responsibility. ing member of the White House staff. that time Mrs. Patterson gave a memo­ "'I think you could draw that conclu­ One o! these self-confident men will surely rable speech which deserves serious con­ reach the very top, and the faith of a coun­ sion: he replied. sideration. Therefore, I insert it in the try depends on the capacity of each Presi­ "Burns has been present at many of Nixon's RECORD at this point: dent in turn to lead the nation forward. major conferences with advisers since the The responsibility the Judge undertook election and was in charge of coordinating GUEST SPEAKER, Mas. ROBERT P. PATTERSON, shortly before America entered World War II reports from task forces assigned by the new ROBERT P. PATTERSON AWARD CEREMONY, was to oversee the immense rearmament President to look into broad problem areas." FEBRUARY 12, 1969 needed by the United States and her Allies The N.Y. Times profile on Burns states: Secretary .Brehm, General Connor, General for defense. Military planners estimated "Mr. Burns has conceded that his job Wright and Distinguished Friends o! the huge requirements so that our defenders of ranges all the way to helping the President Infantry Officers Candidate School of the freedom would never be defenseless for want in crisis situations, such as possible riots. United States Army. of their foresight. How the extra-careful scholar will react In It is a fine experience to participate in this Soon after our soldiers went overseas one such a situation Is one of the great un­ impressive ceremony in honor o! the win­ distracted General said, "Although we looked knowns of the new Administration. ner of the Patterson Award and Lieutenant ahead and provided for every possible need, "What no outsider can possibly know, at James S. Zieba for a prime example of a cou­ war has made shortages and chaos over­ least not yet, is how much Mr. Burns• per­ rageous, able, and fine GI-an enlisted man night." sonal views will lnfiuence the President's who has proved himself to be excellent of­ In this emergency the Judge begged for decisions on the almost infinite variety of ficer material. the funds to produce every important item domestic questions. This issue-the role of Judge Patterson kept very close to the of­ recommended by top military experts. He the White House staff-is a puzzle in every ficers during his entire career in the War never allowed cut-backs to hamper a new Presidency." Department. He expected more of them than and strategic development-no matter what Stating that "this 64-year-old economist competence and judgment. He looked also the cost. has a mandate to superintend the President's !or the earnestness of the "soldier who knows But later it was said that the Judge saved entire domestic program," Newsweek maga­ what he fights for and loves what he knows." every possible million out of the billions zine of February 17, 1969 states that Burns For the Judge thought that an officer's value entrusted to him, for after the danger was has already been responsible for 80 Presi­ to the nation depends on the deep respect past and over he worked to take the profit dential directives to the various agencies. he has for his country and what it upholds, out of war and put back into the taxpayer's The article indicates that he plans to main­ and that the whole Army draws its strength pocket every nickel that could be salvaged. tain control over as many areas as possible. from a feeling-through all ranks-of sup­ But no expense was spared to stop Hitler, "When he heard about a plan last week to port for the national purpose which in spite unlike nowadays when a popular fallacy set up an interim committee to consider cre­ of civil strife has bound us together since teaches that our armament should be equai ation of a standing committee on transi­ Pilgrim days. This unifying purpose was car­ but not superior to that of our opponents. tion to a peace-time economy, 'I blew .my ried out by Judge Patterson through his un­ This is called parity for peace. The Judge top,' he reports. 'It obviously belongs in the failing respect for the rights of every sol­ would have thought this idea a death trap Council of Economic A_dv:isers.' " di.er--officer and enlisted man-and by keep­ for the defenders of freedom. He would be Arthur Burns was married on January 25, ing his own faith and resolve that the great glad for all the strength America has­ 1930 to Helen Bernstein, a student at the potential of our nation shall be fulfilled. strength to make the United States respected, time of her marriage and a teacher for a few The Judge kept close to the enlisted man strength to enable the President to lead years after. They have two sons, David and too. He always felt like one of them because through compassion and magnanimity. He Joseph. ·Current Biography 1953 states that as a GI he learned to bear the troubles, to would have thought this approach far better Professor Burns' academic societies are the accept the inevitable, go forward doggedly than the dictatorial way that pushes people American Stat.istical Association, the Acad­ ·under strain and stress and share their relief who want peace into aggressive acts. emy of Political Science. the American Eoo- when thi:Q.gs eased up. Dictatorial pressures have driven Czecho- February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4043 slovakia to make her brave demands to be Lieutenant Zieba, it's my honor to present poor can climb out of the degradation of rid of foreign censorship, investigators, in­ to you from the friends who have made this poverty and want because the middle formers and troops within her borders. I won­ award pOSSiible a service pistol, beautifully strata of our society, the stepping stone der how many other Communist nations are engraved, a formidable weapon. tired of being herded in groups, only to find And also from them, this very negotiable between poverty and wealth, is the nar­ themselves betraying friends abroad and ex­ check. cotic that keeps the rich and poor from ploiting military supplies to be used against Congratulations from all the Pattersons. each others throats. friendly peoples abroad. In the kind of amuent society envi­ Having borne continuous pressure for so sioned by free traders, our Nation would long perhaps they're seeking humane and peaceable governments and maybe somehow not dirty its hands with manual labor or find them. THE IMPORT-EXPORT CARTELS the production of common goods like tex­ By some miracle the Red planners may tiles, pottery, glass, and, in fact, most be taught that aggression does not pay. production goods. We would be a Nation When the ruinous and fierce attacks cease, HON. JOHN H. DENT of white collars and colored glasses. The then the defenders of freedom will grate­ OF PENNSYLVANIA poor would be put into housing projects fully turn from the present necessity of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with all the trimmings except jobs. The battle destruction to the glorious job of Tuesday, February 18, 1969 middle man between the rich and the building an era of prosperity, friendliness poor will either move up with the elite and peace. Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, I am not sur­ One of today's brave defenders of free­ or down to the "free slave quarters." prised by the pledge of the Nixon admin­ The trouble with this theory is that dom-a former GI, a Patterson Award Win­ istration to help the southern textile ner and now a Major, is trying to build sooner or later the low-paid workers in peace and security in the midst of war. He States by limiting the imports of cotton other nations will revolt at being our writes from Vietnam with a rather wide per­ and manmade fibers. The southern votes providers and we will be unable to get spective of his ass.tgnment: in November were a response to that our "free slaves" to return to work. "Our country's dynamic and powerful as­ pledge. While campaigning, the Presi­ Mr. Speaker, today we watch the Japa­ sistance to the Vietnam Republic is produc­ dent made a similar reference for the ing visible results. nese move from the "import junk items" benefit of the steel industry, and I be­ to color televisions--600,000 sets in "Public support for the central govern­ lieve a like pledge will be forthcoming for 1968; black-and-white television-! - ment grows each day. that beleaguered industry. "The American troop units are performing 400,000 sets; millions of quality moto~­ valiantly in their day-to-day task of defeat­ Mr. Speaker, for the past 10 years I cycles, cars, transistors, shoes table ing the main force of VC and North Viet­ have done my best to warn the Congress china, stainless tableware, sporting and the Democratic Party of the im­ namese. equipment, tile, binoculars, and what pending crisis our Nation will face be­ "They are providing a degree of security have you, plus steel, glass, and ships. You in which nation building can progress. In­ cause of unfair competition from foreign name it and they will make it. So Mr. fantry platoon leaders are bearing the brunt producers. Before long, practically too Nixon should prepare to add these indus­ of the burden as they provide the dedicated every industry in the United States will leadership that our troops so rightfully de­ tries to his list of those in need of relief serve." be in a similar or worse position than from foreign imports. These devoted platoon leaders remind me steel and textiles. Some are at that point now, or have already stopped production If Hubert Humphrey could have de­ of Lieutenant Michael J. Hayes, a gallant parted from the outmoded, shopworn and inspiring platoon leader who was in my or, worse yet, have moved their produc­ husband's company in World War II. When tion to foreign countries while maintain­ trade theories we have been bound to, Captain Patterson's morning patrol stumbled ing their American markets. and pushed the fight for the relief of on the enemy (supposed to have slipped away Mr. Speaker, I will support any action American industry and jobs, he would into the night) he covered his men's escape, toward relief from imports for American have won the election. The textile prom­ then fell as if dead. After a day flattened out industry when the impact is related to ise was the real basis of Mr. Nixon's under fire, he got back to the trench. Then southern victory. Any talk to the con­ he found that his dear friend Mike had led job losses. There is no substitute for jobs in our industrial economy. The President trary is not borne out by our President's a search for him in no-man's land. actions to date. Some southerners claim The first to volunteer to go out for his will learn this sooner or later and should captain said, "I'll go, when do we start." know that talk of attacking inflation by they voted for Mr. Nixon because he That was big, brawny Pat Carroll. He got creating "some" unemployment without would support local school autonomy and over his shrapnel wounds and the others making imports a major consideration in curtail the efforts of labor unions. Look weren't hurt, thank heavens. John Duffy, the our planning, is courting disaster. at his appointments in labor and educa­ salty wit; Peter Finucane, soft-spoken and I cannot, however, support privileged tion to date, and read their public state­ courageous; Dick Foy, the dare-devil. I am relief for textiles, and allow steel, glass, ments. proud to thank them all five, now and al­ Mr. Speaker, it hurts me to say it but ways. ceramics, sporting goods, automobiles, The best I could wish, for each of you motorcycles, shoes, and hundreds of we Democrats are still living in the early here today, is that you will have such men other items to go down the drain of thirties, blaming those trade policies for to rely on. diplomatic stupidity and exorbitant the great depression. What we will not These five soldiers risked death for my profiteering by the import-export cartels. admit is that our present trade policy is husband with absoulte devotion. They were We have followed the free trade theory planting the seeds that will bring a har­ brave beyond the call of duty, and each one of self-styled Government "experts" too vest of depression and economic destruc­ received Distinguished Service Crosses. They long. The idea that this Nation can dis­ tion such that the great depression will were real Combat Infantrymen-and to my look like a Sunday School picnic. While husband there was nothing on earth better sipate its high labor contract productions than that. IDs lifelong feeling for them was in favor of sophisticated products is the we lost all we had in the thirties, we warmer than gratitude. cause of our loss of job opportunities for had little to lose. But take away our Lieutenant James S. Zieba, my husband the less educated, less skilled workers. quality of food today, and our cars, tele­ would be glad you chose this wonderful In­ These are the problem children of our visions, homes, and all the other goodies fantry Service. Through your training and times. This Nation can lull itself to sleep of our illusory affluent society, and all accomplishments you have won Awards and in our industrial world if it convinces it­ the heavens will break loose. Medals-The Combat Infantryman's Badge, self that if everybody graduates from So Mr. Speaker, I would like to offer the Vietnam Parachutist Badge and others. free but, I truly believe, sound advice to Among the many fine qualities shown by college or learns a trade we can eradicate your rigorous testing there is one which will slums, stop our urban unrest, or truly our new President. Recognize that the always be needed whether you serve as a become "the affluent society" of all time. real threat to domestic and world peace platoon leader or go onto high command. I No nation can become affluent without and tranquility and economic stability is mean--decision. You do not waver or stand jobs; jobs for every grade of worker, the false and antiquated concept of free paralyzed. You use your judgment, go for­ from top to bottom. Any other kind of trade we practice today. No trade is free ward, do your best, and always look to pro­ amuence will create a two-level society­ or fair unless both sides to the trade tect the men who follow. benefit. How can an American jobseeker I would not know what enables you to the rich and the poor. In this type of throw off doubts and go forward. Perhaps society, the rich live apart from the poor benefit when we sell $800 million worth your secret, like my husband's, is to be sure and their needs, thereby ignoring and of cott on and buy $800 million worth of of the main objective. Pick the most impor­ contributing to poor food, clothing, and textiles. We got our money back, but tant thing in each situation and do it first. housing. In our society, however, some lost over 200,000 textile jobs in the ex- 4044 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 change. No nation can survive by buying Greece and Communist Yugoslavia have I include the indicated intelligence di­ retail and selling wholesale. Even volume been improving since the Soviet invasion ot gests as parts of my remarks: Czechoslovakia posed a Russian threat to the will not help. Tito regime. [From Foreign Intelligence Digest, Apr. 21, An omeial Greek Defense Ministry report 19.61] says these weapons are due Greece under un­ KARL MARx: APOSTLE oF CoMMUNISM FEARED THE NATO ALLIANCE filled NATO assistance programs: 300 tanks, AND HATED RUSSIA 272 armored rersonnel carriers, 15 helicop­ KARL MARX: CORRESPONDENT FOR A NEW YORK ters, 115 armored motor carriers, 24 175mm PAPER HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI self-propelled guns, 18 155mm self-propelled Karl Marx, venerated apostle of Commu­ guns, 54 105mm self-propelled guns. 8 C-199 nism, feared and hated Czarist Russia and OF n.LINOIS cargo planes, 18 RF5A reconnaissance planes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had no desire or concept that Russia should Large numbers of tanks consigned to ever beoome the seat of global Communism. Tuesday, February 18, 1969 Greece are reported in storage in Italy. The It was Berlin, Paris or London rather than Greeks also have asked permission to pur­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on the the Kremlin which he envisaged as the cita­ chase from the United States ammunition, del of the revolutionary proletariat. Karl eve of President Nixon's trip to Europe, recoilless rifles and mortars. Marx served as European correspondent of it is obvious that his main effort must be The ban on shipment of NATO arms to The New York Daily Tribune and wrote sig­ to reconstruct the NATO Alliance. Greece was actually lifted last November by nificant dispatches, in the period of 1853- One look at the Mediterranean, with the Johnson administration, but the order 1856, frolll exile in London. These brilliant to resume deliveries has not been given. the ever-growing Soviet presence, shows reports have become a rarity in Western li­ the strategic value of Greece to the Al­ While Greece has been the target of liber­ braries. Naturally, they have been prudently als in and out of Oongress, the Athens gov­ omitted from all Soviet editions of Marx's liance. May I add the observation that ernment has strong endorsements from among our allies, the Greek Government writings. The "Tribune" might do well tore­ American military men serving in the Medi­ print them. They represent a br1lllant expose has consistently given the Alliance maxi­ terranean and from many prominent Ameri­ of Czarist expansionism, and a devastating mum cooperation. cans including former Secretary of State Dean forecast of Communist-Bolshevik evolution Ray McHugh, the scholarly chief of Acheson and Gen. James Van Fleet, USA and maneuvers in terms of Mongoloid-Pan­ (ret.), former head of the U.S. Military Aid the Copley News Service Washington Bu­ slavism, then and today. A venturesome Ger­ reau, is a penetrating observer of the Eu­ Mission, who have vehemently attacked the man publisher (Seewald Verlag) has re­ complaint that the colonels killed democracy leased a reprint of Marx's dispatches under ropean scene having covered extensive in Greece. developments in the area. His column in Rather than killing democracy, Acheson the suggestive title: "The Russian Drive for the Illinois State Journal on Saturday, and others argue, the military coup saved Expansion and. the Policy of the Western Powers." The reports deal, of course, with February 15, commenting on President Greece from political chaos that could have an almost forgotten historical background, led to withdrawal from NATO, conflict with Nixon and the status of the Greek regime with the U.S. slowly moving toward civil in NATO is especially timely. Turkey over Cyprus and possible Communist domination. war and Russia moving toward Constanti­ The column referred to follows: nople and an outlet on the Mediterranean or GREECE A PROBLEM FOR NATO MEET the Persian Gulf. (By Ray McHugh) The publication of this series is a political KARL MARX: APOSTLE OF COM­ event of considerable significance for it thor­ WASHINGTON.-At some point in President MUNISM FEARED AND HATED oughly destroys the Kremlin legend of Karl Nixon's discussions with NATO leaders in RUSSIA Marx, as the champion of Russian claims to Brussels late this month, the subject of Communist universal leadership. Greece will come up. U.S. relations with the strategic Mediter­ RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY: A CONSTANT OF ranean country are under review in both the HON. JOHN R. RARICK CZARS AND COMMISSARS State Department and the Pentagon. Indica­ OF LOUISIANA Karl Marx's reports are a complete expose tions are strong that bottled-up NATO arms IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Russia's messianic complex, an almost aid to the milltary-backed government in pathologic expansionist urge of all Russian Athens will soon begin to fiow. Tuesday, February 18, 1969 rulers--from Ivan the Terrible to the Rom­ Shipments of military goods have been Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, among the anoffs--a calculable "constant" inherent in held up since the bloodless April 1967 coup ablest publicists that our country has Russian foreign policy. d'etat by Greek colonels who said they acted Said Marx: "What has changed? Nothing to thwart a Communist takeover of the produced since the Korean war of 1950- at all! Russia's policy is unchangeable. Rus­ country. 53 is Maj. Gen. Charles A. Willoughby, sia's methods, tactics and maneuvers may Pressure for the release of these supplies who from 1941 through 1951 was chief change but the lodestar of Russian policy­ has been mounting, particularly in view of of intelligence for General MacArthur. world domination-is a fixed star.... " the unsettled Middle East situation and the A student of history and strategy, It is all the same whether the "Czar" is steady buildup of Soviet naval forces in the General Willoughby since 1938 has pub­ called Alexander, Nicholas, Kerensky, Stalin Eastern Mediterranean. lished a Foreign Intelligence Digest that or Khrushchev! The secular aim does not Greece occupies a crucial geographic posi­ provides a reservoir of useful informa­ change, whether Russian annexation aids tion in NATO defense plans and her base at were embellished-as in Czarist days-with Suda Bay on the Island of Crete is virtually tion reflecting a profound geopolitical the slogan of "protection of Christianity, the the only staging area available for Sixth Fleet insight on the part of its editor. Eastern Church or the Slav peoples," or operations in the Eastern Mediterranean. In the current mounting struggle for whether they are currently camoufiaged by U.S. naval units operated out of Suda Bay world domination there are a number of the Soviet regime with social slogans of "the during the tense days of the 1967 Arab-Israeli focal points of conflict: Southeast Asia, liberation of the world from the Capitalist War. Greece also offers the U.S. fieet hospi­ Southern Africa, the Near East, and the yoke." Karl Marx defines Czarist-Bolshevik tality that is unmatched almost anywhere in Caribbean, with the Panama Canal as evolution in a terrifying "equation," viz: the Mediterranean. Czarist Absolutism; Enslavement of the Although a vociferous liberal bloc in Con­ the key Communist objective. World. gress continues to demand a total embargo The crucial line for the defense of Communist Absolutism; Enslavement of on aid to Greece, Defense Secretary Melvin Western civilization, however, as em­ the World. Laird reportedly is convinced that supplies phasized by General Willoughby, is not No art or interpretation, however skillful, must be moving to Athens if the milltary any one of the areas mentioned but the can obliterate the sensational disclosure that backed regime is to have a chance to rebuild Denmark-Alps line in Europe. Along this in Marx's opinion the struggle between Rus­ the nation's parliamentary structure. line since World War II the forces of sia and the West takes precedence over the The government headed by Premier George dialectics between "Capital and Workers" and Papadopoulus has pledged a return to con­ Soviet and Western powers confront that, however critical his doctrinaire attitude, stitutional rule but has insisted that it first each other in undisguised hostility. his personal sympathies are clearly with the enact orderly reforms. It won overwhelming In view of the 1968 military occupa­ West. It is precisely in assessing the "con­ approval of a new constitution last Sep­ tion by the U.S.S.R. of Czechoslovakia stants or Russian policy" that Karl Marx, tember. and the present Soviet threats against long since endowed with an aura of infalli­ "It's hard to see how the Greeks can re­ West Germany in regard to Berlin, two bility by the Communist rulers, is in agree­ establish parliamentary government, if we of General Willoughby's 1961 analyses ment with such outstanding political think­ don't help them," Laird is quoted as saying. ers as the French Liberal Alexis de Tocque­ The Athens regime has expressed concern of the writings of Karl Marx should be ville, the Royalist Marquis de Custine, the recently about renewed Communist propa­ of special interest to all officials of our Spanish Conservative Donoso Cortes or the ganda attacks from nearby Romania and Government charged with the formula­ Ukrainian nationalist theoretician D. Donzov. Bulgaria and by threats of new guerrilla ac­ tion of policy in meeting Soviet imperial­ The picture of Karl Marx which the Kremlin tivity inside Greece. Relations between ism. has, with a certain degree of success, pre- February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4045 sented to the world 1s thus a fake. In his loving Khrushchev so that "Stalinists" will would occupy in Russia's foreign policy-but reports, Karl Marx gives the modern reader not return to power! without exaggerating the analogy, we shCYUld a political lesson which Is in every respect Compare a Marx statement forecasting the like to add that we have here a clear parallel remarkable and still applicable today. analogous Russian policy of today: in the position of Berlin in the present con­ "It must be stressed that Besika Bay is flict between Russia and the West. KARL MARX FORECASTS RUSSIAN EXPANSIONISM 150 miles away from. Constantinople. The We have selected some of Marx's brilliant Czar claims the right to occupy Turkish [From Foreign Intelligence Digest, Apr. 28, thoughts on this subject, viz: territory, but forbids England and France to 1961] "Panslavism is a form of Russian imperial­ navigate in neutral waters without his spe­ ism-it is not a movement that strives for KARL MARX: APOSTLE OF COMMUNISM FEARED cial permission. He extols his own generous AND HATED RUSSIA national independence but a movement patience with which he allowed the Sublime which, directed against Europe, would de­ Porte a completely free choice as to the form M ARX F ORECAST COMMUNIST RUSSIA'S stroy all cultural values that history has in which it will renounce its sovereignty. DIPLOMACY created through thousands of years. This "The Czar regrets that the West does not The course of current events has shown could not be achieved without eradicating recognize the harmless character of Russia's how accurate Karl Marx was with his analy­ Austria, Hungary, Turkey and a major part religious protectorate in foreign countries." sis of relations between Russia and Austria of Germany from the (political) map.... Karl Marx's reports are an excellent survey and/or Russia and Turkey and how justified "There is only one way of dealing with an of Russia's policy during fifty years before his warnings to the West, unfortunately un­ absolute power like Russia and that is by the Crimean War and of the traditional heeded by the latter. Since the system of absolute fearlessness. . . . political maxims of the Russian Empire which the balance of power in Central and East "A system of intimidation is less expensive go back a long way in history. It is a historical Europe has meanwhile been destroyed to the than actual warfare. . . . and political expose which does credit to his advantage of Russia, Marx's criticism of "Russia hands the Western Chancelleries sharp, analytical powers and to his gift or "Germans in Russian service who are han­ diplomatic notes-like throwing bones to a interpretation. As nowadays, much time and kering after war" assumes a new and highly dog-in order to give them some harmless energy were then wasted in futile interna­ topical significance in view of the Russian pleasure whilst she herself uses this oppor­ tional conferences .... puppet Governors in the present Soviet Zone tunity to gain more time (and space) . . . . "After a first triumph (the removal from of Ger many. "Inasmuch as Russia counts on the cow­ office of the Serbian Minister Garaschanin) Karl Marx's sympathies in the dramatic ardice and fear of the Western powers, she Russia now insists that all anti-Russian conflict between Russia and the West, which intimidates Europe and pushes her demands officers shall be excluded from service ..." has been smoldering for so long, are clearly as far as possible in order to pretend later Is not Communist Russia doing the same with the West. In spite of this fact, or to that she is 'generous' since she will content thing nowadays intermittently demanding be more exact, precisely because of this fact, herself with more immediate though lesser the dismissal of anti-Russian elements in he frequently criticizes the policy of the alms.'' Western Cabinets? Western Powers. In his opinion, the Govern­ Karl Marx recognized the enormous dy­ After a short survey of the methods and ments of the West are either too foolish or nMilic force of the huge Russian Empire with principles of Russian policy, the validity of too trusting to see through the perfidious regard to the Turkish question and, with which is applicable in our day, Karl Marx Russian game of intrigue, or they let them­ prophetic vision, over a hundred years ago gives an outline of the old Russian game of selves be overly impressed by a Russian warned against the dangers which could vacillating promises, political pledges, black­ power play, or else are so unscrupulous that arise for Europe in this connection. (The mall and intimidation. He exhorts the West­ they play one against the other and in this dissolution of the Near East) ern powers to be on their guard and gives a way ultimately aid Russia. Thus the West, MARX RECOGNIZES A RUSSIAN GAMBIT very apt description of the potential weak­ whose victory Karl Marx sincerely and pro­ However decisive the break of 1917 may ness inherent in the division and lack of foundly desired, finds in him a relentless have been in the social structure of Russia, unity of Europe. but clear-sighted critic, who teaches us a historical lesson which is applicable today the aims of conquest and annexation as key CZARIST RUSSIAN POLICY OF INTIMIDATION AND objectives of Russian foreign policy have re­ and should open our eyes to the hoax of BLACKMAIL "coexistence." Marx writes: mained the same, irrespective of the slogans Marx affirms that the idea of the diplomatic Russia uses in order to camouflage her policy "The Russian bear will certainly be capable superiority of the Russians owes its effective­ of anything as long as he knows that the of eventual conquest. The fact that opinions ness only to the division and timidity of the on this subject, today more topical and ap­ other animals with which he is dealing are Western nations and that it is an error to not capable of anything." plicable than ever, originate from Karl Marx, believe in or accept Russia's superior military the prophet of Communism, makes them all strength. He writes: CZARIST POLICY VIS-A-VIS NEUTRALISM the more interesting. Note the following: "The Czar relied to the end on the in­ In the terminology of our day, one might, "Czarist Russia fears the revolution which timidation of Turkey and the Powers that in fact, describe Karl Marx as an "anti-anti­ is bound to follow any general war on the supported it, namely France and England, as Communist activist." He heaps sarcastic re­ Continent more than the Sultan fears an ag­ an adequate means of making them accept proaches on the West, particularly the British gression on the part of the Czar. If the the demands. . .. Government, to the effect that they passively other powers remain firm, Russia will most "Menshikov's appearance and behavior in accept Russia's violations of rights and even certainly withdraw discretely." Constantinople were simply those of a tyrant. try to persuade their allies, and Turks, to It is a mistake to assume that political The proclamations by Nesselrode were the offer Russia an armistice which is only likely propaganda and psychological warfare are an threats of a tyrant. (Exactly like Khrush­ to be of advantage to the latter country. invention of our day. Karl Marx proves con­ chev's recent behavior in the United He says: vincingly that the methods which are prac­ Nations!) ... "The only chance which now remains is ticed to perfection by the Communist re­ "There is only one way of dealing with a that the war should at last cease to be a gime today were by no means unknown to power like Russia and that is by fearless- one-sided affair ..." Czarist Russia. ness. . . . . With regard to the Prussian and Austrian Just as Khrushchev conjures up the spec­ "In this way, the Western powers have policy of neutrality (of that time) he strikes ter of Stalinism or Mao's world-conquest in shown their fear of Russia with every step, a a modern note: order to deceive the West, so the Czars in former days tried out the same methods. fear on which the Czar and his advisers have "The efforts of Russian policy are in the Marx has this so say: always relied. They have been intimidated first place directed toward securing the neu­ "With all due respect to the so-called 'Old and have done their best accordingly to cre­ trality of the German states and preventing Russian Party,' I know from various well­ ate precisely the very evil of which they were them from forming an alliance with the informed Russians-themselves of the aris­ so afraid.... Western powers" (a striking analogy t:> tocracy with whom I frequently associated "The prestige of Russian diplomacy and NATO of today). in Paris, that it has long since died out and the renown of Russia's military strength can In his reports Karl Marx uses language is only occasionally resurrected to a sham be maintained far more easily and securely which one would expect of a General in the existence when the Czar needs a bogy to in peace than in war.... golden age of Militarism. One of his biog­ force Western Europe into passive patience "A system of intimidation is far less ex­ raphers, Leopold Schwarzschild, has, indeed, as regards Russia's arrogant claims (of the pensive than actual warfare.... rather aptly called him "The red Prussian." moment). Hence the resurrection of a Men­ "Russian incursions into Europe will prob­ Marx maintained: shikov and his appearance in the fairy tale­ ably be limited to diplomacy and political "Europe may be rotten, but a war should like, 'old Russian' style." intrigues, carried out on the one hand by have aroused the healthy elements. A war unscrupulous arrogance, and supported on should have called forth some latent forces. CZARIST AND COMMUNIST DIALECTICS the other hand by weakness and faintheart­ Surely 250 million people should have suf­ The poor Czar is allegedly peace-loving, edness." ficient courage to carry a decent fight." but Menshikov is the real warmonger! Just These facts recognized by Marx are rem­ as today Khrushchev is allegedly the peace­ iniscent of Russian policy today and of the CZARIST PAN SLAVISM--<::OMMUNIST maker, while the evil Molotov (a Stalinist attitude of the West toward the U.S.S.R. PAN-COMMUNISM symbol) appears on the scene from time to With reference to the historical Russo­ Pan Slavism-a form of Russian expan­ time as a warmonger in order to intimi­ Turkish power struggle, Marx was unable to sionism-as a political force has lost none of date the West and force it to yield to peace- foresee what central position Constantinople its significance but is still an occasion util- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 ized ideologically by Soviet Russia. K arl Marx CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETY OF has been taken over by the Department of has rightly assessed its dynamic power and FREDERICK COUNTY, MD. Social Services, the CAS still has used foster has explicitly stressed the danger for Europe homes, especially where strict supervision of which may arise out of it. youngsters has been needed. Nicholas I and then Alexander II threat ­ HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR. Another area where CAS has been effective has been with families who do not want to ened Austria With it when expedient: OF MARYLAND "Alexander II will set himself up at the go to public agencies but will work with pri­ head of the Pan Slavist movement and will I N THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES vat e organizations such as CAS. Because of change his title of Emperor of all Russians Wednesday, February 19, 1969 it s nat ure, CAS is more flexible in its pro­ w that of Emperor of all Slavs. gram and does not have the multitudinous "It is the first step toward transferring the Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, a debt rules and regulations necessary to operate war to the entire continent and openly giving is owed to earlier generations for their government al programs. it a European character. care of the children of America, partic­ The reason for the demise of CAS here is "It is no longer a question of who rules in ularly children who are orphans, who are due to lack of local governmental support. Constantinople but of who rules over all abandoned, or who are disabled or re­ While the CAS is a Community Chest agency, Europe. about 75 per cent of the funds came from "Pan Slavism has nowadays been trans­ t arded. This debt is owed to the memory the county with an assist from Frederick formed from an idea into a political pro­ of millions who have dedicated a part Cit y. Requests by the CAS for city and county gram-or rather into a political threat , which of their lives to this work. It is a debt funds have been cut until there is not suf­ is supported by 800,000 Russian bayonets." that can only be paid by keeping trust ficient money to keep the organization going. Karl Marx on guerillas and conventional through adequate care for all of the chil­ Frederick County will suffer a loss when armies: dren who are now in our charge. CAS ceases its operations in the next several "Every form of insurgent and irregular No group in America has earned our weeks. It has served the county well, but can warfare against a powerful professional army, gratitude more than the Children's Aid only function with the necessary support. nowadays needs the support of a regular Frederick County should give a vote of thanks army, if it is to be successful." Societies which functioned vigorously to all those who served with the agency over And as regards the flgh ting strength of the throughout the first half of this century the years. Russian Army (of the 70's), he writes: in many parts of America. One of the "It cannot be denied that precisely at a finest of these societies was the Children's time when Russian influence on European Aid Society of Frederick County which CONSUMER PROTECTION politics was stronger than ever, the actual not only brought help and happiness to efficiency of the Russian army by no means such children but which discharged a justified such a political position." great public duty and assisted in main­ HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER Karl Marx was undoubtedly an authority OF NEW YORK on Russia, but like so many Western poli­ taining a sense of responsibility and dis­ ticians, scholars and statesmen, he was in­ cipline among young people in Frederick IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fluenced by Russian historiographers, and County. It is a matter of regret that the Tuesday, February 18, 1969 he interpreted the founding of the Kiev prin­ work of this society seems to be termi­ cipality quite falsely and described it as a nating. Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, at long "Russian state." The Kiev principality was an It is true, of course, that times change last, the American consumer has become Ukrainian state and not Russian. an important focus of attention at all The Ukraine was closely connected with and institutions must change with them. Various levels of government have taken levels of government. Spurred by the Greek and Byzantine cultures and Marx's efforts of people like Ralph Nader, Con­ view that Russia's culture was of Greek and over much of the work of private insti­ Byzantine origin is incorrect, since the Rus­ tutions. I believe that there is still a gress and the Executive have finally sians for hundreds of years were more in­ role, however, for the private voluntary taken positive steps to restore safety and fluenced by the Mongols. As the capital of agency to contribute significant value in sanity to the marketplace. the Ukrainian state, Kiev was the centre of the area of counseling and child care and One of the great dangers facing us at Greek and Roman culture in the East; Mos­ I hope that some way will be found to this time is that of complacency with the cow was fundamentally the opposite of the continue the spirit of compassion and legislative achievements of the 89th and Ukrainian, i.e. the Occidental and Greek way 90th Congresses, for important though of thinking, and constantly fought it. generous assistance that motivated the Children's Aid Society so well for so long. they may be, they represent only a first U.S.S.R. MONGOLOID PAN SLAVISM I ask unanimous consent that the edi­ step in the consumer protection move­ The fact that Pan Slavism was and is a torial published in the January 20, 1969, ment. form of Russian imperialism, has been cor­ An excellent perspective on the prob­ rectly appraised by Marx. But he is wrong issue of the Frederick, Md., News, com­ in believing that all the Slav peoples were menting on the loss that a community lem was given by Mr. Nader in the enthusiastic about Pan Slavism. On the con­ suffers when an agency of this sort closes November 21, 1968, issue of New York trary, the Poles, Ukrainians, Byelorussians, its doors, be printed in the RECORD. Review. I commend it to the attention of Slovaks and Croats, all belonging to the Slav There being no objection, the editorial my colleagues and present it herewith race, were nevertheless opposed to Pan Slav­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, for inclusion in the RECORD: ism since they were Russia's avowed enemies. THE GREAT AMERICAN GYP If some of the intellectuals among the Czechs as follows: or Serbians were in favor of Pan Slavism, it PASSING OF CAS (By Ralph Nader) was only because the Serbs or the Czechs We note with regret the decision of the Last January a confidential nationwide erroneously hoped that the Russians would Children's Aid Society to suspend its opera­ survey by the Opinion Research Corporation support them in their fight for independence. tions ~fter 58 years of service to Frederick spread considerable alarm among its corpo­ But they were deceived again and again by City and County. rate subscribers. The poll concluded "that the Russians. Incidentally, just as there is no The Children's Aid Society here was an seven Americans in ten think present Federal Pan-Germanism, so too, there is no such outgrowth of a movement begun by Henry legislation is inadequate to protect their thing as Pan Slavism, i.e. as an organic, Watson, a New York City philanthropist who health and safety. The majority also believe racially binding idea. For hundreds of years, was interested in the welfare of homeless that more Federal laws are needed to give Germanic England was the archenemy of children. The movement spread to Baltimore shoppers full value for their money." To Germanic Germany. Germanic Denmark and and thence to Frederick. many businessmen, this finding merely con­ Norway were hostile to Germanic Germany. While first dealing With homeless children firmed what speakers had been telling them Wars were not conducted for racial reasons here, the CAS later became the agency con­ at trade gatherings during the previous but for national imperialist reasons. That cerned With adoptions. Many of the functions year-that consumers were beginning to fall is why Russian imperialism resorts to all of CAS have been taken over by the Depart­ prey to "consumerism." kinds of camouflage in order to have a sham ment of Social Services (formerly Welfare "Consumerism" is a term given vogue re­ reason for new conquests; Department) but one major function re­ cently by business spokesmen to describe Various ideas which Marx formulates must maining has been with counseling of fami­ what they believe is a concerted, disruptive be rectified, as for example the fact that he lies. ideology concocted by self-appointed bleed­ uses one term only to designate the entire Much of the counseling service offered by ing hearts and politicians who find that it southern territory of the Russian Imper­ CAS is referred to the agency by local school pays off to attack the corporations. "Con­ ium-from the Don to the Dniester and from counselors who find that certain problems sumerism," they say, undermines public con­ t he Don to the Njemen-namely New Russia with children relate to home environmental fidence in the business system, deprives the or West Russia. It is perfectly obvious that situations. CAS case workers have been suc­ consumer of freedom of choice, weakens what is meant here is the territory of the cessful in many cases in getting to the root state and local authority through Federal Ukrainian nation. of these home-centered problems, and no usurpation, bureaucratizes the marketplace, Marx also refused to recognize the Byelo­ agency will be around next month to work and stifles innovation. These complaints have russian nation-a curious error in his other­ in this area. all been made in speeches, in the trade press, wise excellent reportage. Although much of the load in foster care and in Congressional testimony against such ·February 19, 1969 -EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 4047 Federal bills as truth-in-lending, truth-in­ mined local and state consumer protection posing the passage of any auto safety bill packaging, gas pipeline safety, radiation agencies; it has, for example, helped to make whatever, the auto manufacturers relented protection, auto, tire, drug, and :fire sa:tety the Federal Trade Commission as ineffectual in the spring o:t 1966 and hired Lloyd Cut­ legislation, and meat and fish inspection. as it is. Third, business lobbying-including ler, an experienced Washington lawyer, who But what most troubles the corporations campaign contributions, powerful law firms, succeeded 1n weakening the disclosure pro­ is the consumer movement's relentless docu­ trade associations, and public relations­ visions of the bill and in eliminating all mentation that consumers are being manipu­ works against vigorous enforcement. Finally, criminal penalties for willful and knowing lated, defrauded, and injured not just by so many regulatory officials resign to go into violations of the law. marginal businesses or fly-by-night huck­ high-paying jobs in the industries they were Although consumer measures may be sters, but by the US blue-chip business firms once supposed to regulate that these govern­ weakened in this way, they do at least com­ whose practices are unchecked by the older ment posts are viewed as on-the-job training mit the government to the idea of consumer regulatory agencies. Since the consumer by cynical appointees.1 The Federal Aviation protection and they lay the groundwork for movement can cite statistics showing that Agency, Interstate Commerce Commission, the stronger legislation that may be feasible these practices have reduced real income and and Federal Communications Commission all should the consumer movement gain more raised the rates of mortality and disease, it is carry on a tradition that inhibits officials strength. The attack on corporate irrespon­ not difficult to understand the growing cor­ from action and attracts appointees who are sibillty which produced the recent fiurry porate concern. temperamentally reluctant to act. of legislation in Congress has not, it must That the systematic disclosure of such The increasing irrelevance of these older be said, been the work of a. broad movement malpractice has been so long delayed can be agencies was made apparent by the unprece­ but rather of tiny ad hoc coalitions of de­ explained by the strength of the myths that dented consumer legislation enacted under termined people in and out of government the business establishment has used to hide the Johnson Administration. After the dis­ armed with little more than a. great many its activities. The first is the myth of the mal spectacle of the cigarette labeling act of shocking facts. They have gotten important omniscient consumer who is so discerning 1964--which foreclosed action by the states support from Senator Warren Magnuson, that he will be a brutal taskmaster for any and the FTC in return for a paltry warning Chairman of the Senate Commerce Commit­ firm entering the market. This approach was on the package that could serve as a. com­ tee, whose interest in consumer problems set used repeatedly to delay, then weaken, the pany's defense in liability suits--Congress in motion a. little-noticed competition with truth-in-packaging bill. Scott Paper Co. ran passed a string of important bills and has the White House to promote legislation. an advertising campaign hailing the Amer­ other legislation near passage. A shift of re­ What has taken place during the last few ican housewife as "The Original Computer": sponsibilities for consumer protection to the years may be seen as an escalating series of " ... a strange change comes over a woman Federal government now seems to be taking disclosures. The charges made by independ­ in the store. The soft glow in the eye is re­ place: state and local governments have for ent Congressmen and people like myself al­ placed by a steely financial glint; the grace­ years defaulted on these obligations to the most always turn out to be understatements ful walk becomes a panther's stride among consumer. of the actual conditions in various industries the bargains. A woman in a store is a mecha­ In no other period of history have the when those industries are subsequently ex­ nism, a prowling computer.... Jungle­ safety and prices of marketed products and posed in Congressional hearings and inves­ trained, her bargain-hunter senses razor­ services received remotely comparable legis­ tigations. As these charges get attention, de­ sharp for the sound of a dropping price.... " lative treatment. Sensing this climate, Pres­ mands for new legislative action increase. John Floberg, Firestone's General Counsel, ident Johnson has allowed his consumer ad­ This, at least, has been the case with the has been even more complimentary, arguing viser, Betty Furness, to speak openly to exposure of defects in vehicles, industrial that consumers can easily discriminate business groups. In 1964, her predecessor, and vehicle pollution, gas pipelines, over­ among 1,000 different brands of tires. Esther Peterson, could not get White House priced or dangerous drugs, unfair credit, However, when companies plan their ad­ clearance even to make a public statement harmful pesticides, cigarettes, land frauds, vertising, they fail to take advantage of the about rigged odometers which misled motor­ electric power reliability, household improve­ supposed genius of the consumer. Potential ists about the accuracy of mileage traveled, ment rackets, exploitation in slums, auto car buyers are urged to purchase Pontiacs enriched car rental companies to the amount warranties, radiation, high-priced auto insur­ to experience an unexplained phenomenon of $4 million a year, and encouraged automo­ ance, and boating hazards. How many peo­ called "Wide-tracking before you're too old bile sales. In 1968 Miss Furness was urging ple realized, for example, that faulty heat­ to know what it is all about." Sizable fees appliance manufacturers to tell their cus­ ing devices injure 125,000 Americans a year are paid to "motivation" experts like Ernest tomers how long they can expect their prod­ or that poorly designed stoves, power mow­ Dichter for such analysis as this: Soup ... ucts to last. This spring, President Johnson ers and washing machines cause substantial is much more than a food. It is a potent established the post of Consumer Counsel in injury to SOO,OOO people annually? Or that, magic that satisfies not only the hunger of the Justice Department--a first small step as Rep. Benjamin Rosenthal recently re­ the body but the yearnings of the soul. Peo­ toward the creation of a. Federal office which vealed, the food rejected by Federal agen­ ple speak of soup as a product of some would have powers to intervene in cases be­ cies as contaminated or rotting is often re­ mysterious alchemy, a symbol of love which fore the courts and regulatory agencies as routed for sale in the market? These abuses satisfies mysterious gnawings.... The term the representative of consumer interests.2 In are now starting to be discussed in the press 'pea soup'-mystery and magic-seem to go July, Vice-President Humphrey said he fa­ and in Congress. together With fog. At the same time we can vored enlarging the counsel's powers to in­ One result of the detailed Congressional almost say soup is orgiastic. Eating soup is clude making complaints about dangers to a fulfillment." hearings has been a broader definition of le­ public health. He also became the first gov­ gitimate consumer rights and interests. It is A second myth is that most American ernment official to endorse public disclosure becoming clear that consumers must not businesses perform honorably but are sub­ of information about consumer products now only be protected from the dangers of volun­ jected to undeserved notoriety because of a in the files of the General Services Adminis­ tary use of a product, such as flammable few small, unscrupulous merchants and tration and the Department of Defense. material, but also from involuntary consump­ firms. This notion is peddled by so-called These agencies test hundreds of consumer tion of industrial by-products such as a ir consumer protection agencies as well as by products-from light bulbs and bed sheets to and water pollutant, excessive pesticide and the business-dominated Better Business Bu­ washing machines-in order to determine nitrate residues in foods, and antibiotics in reaus. But the detailed Congressional hear­ which have the best value. But they have re­ meat. A more concrete idea of a just economy ings on drug hazards, unsafe vehicles, vicious fused thus far to release the data that would is thus beginning to emerge, while, at the credit practices, restraints on medically use­ rank products by quality-a refusal natu­ same time, the assortment of groups that ful or dollar-saving innovations, auto insur­ rally supported by the business community. comprise the "consumer's movement" is mov­ ance abuses, cigarette-induced diseases, and The business world, meanwhile, has be­ ing in directions that seem to me quite dif­ price-fixing throughout the economy have ferent from the ones that similar groups have made it clear that this argument Will not come increasingly adept in dealing With the hold up. rising pressures for consumer legislation. Tu­ followed in the past. Their demands are Most misleading of all is the myth that tored by their well-connected Washington ethical rather than ideological. Their prin­ lawyers, the large corporations and their ciples and proposals are being derived from irresponsible sellers are adequately policed solid documentation of common abuses by local, state, and Federal regulatory agen­ trade associations can sense the critical mo­ cies. Years ago, corporations learned how to ment at which it is wise to stop opposing a. whose origins are being traced directly to h andle these agencies, and they have now bill and begin to cooperate with Congres­ the policies of powerful corporations. become apologists for business instead of pro­ sional committees in order to shape legisla­ This inquiry is extending beyond the ques­ tectors of the public. First, the agencies are tion to their liking. For example, after op- tion of legal control of corporations into tile made to operate on a starvation budget. The failure of business, labor, and voluntary or­ combined annual budget of the Federal Trade 1 The last two chairmen of the Interstate ganizations to check one another's abuses Co:nmission and the Antitrust Division of Commerce Commission are now President of through competition and other private pres­ the Justice Department in 1968 is $23 million, the National Association of Motor Business sures. It is becoming apparent that the re­ the highest amount yet appropriated. With Carriers and Vice-President of Penn-Central. form of consumer abuses and the reform of this sum, they are supposed to collect data, Both industries are supposedly regulated by corporate power itself are different sides of initiate investigations, and enforce the laws the ICC. the same coin and that new approaches t dealing with deceptive and anticompetitive 2 The first appointee to this job was Mr. the enforcement of the rights of coru:umers practices of an $850 billion economy. Merle McCurdy who died in May. His succes­ are necessary. There are, I would suggest, at Secondly, political patronage has under- sor has not been appointed. least ten major forces or techniques thl!t 4048 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 now exist in some form but greatly need to less: one elderly and ailing woman was sold and services. Because of their work, the law be strengthened if we are to have a decent nine new furnaces in six years, costing a of debtors' remedies and defenses is catching consumer society. total of $18,000. Following up on complaints up with the well-honed law of creditors' 1. Rapid disclosure of the facts relating beginning Ln the Thirties, the FTC secured rights that generations of law students stud­ to the quantity, quality, and safety of a a stipulation from the company that it ied so rigorously. These lawyers are bringing product is essential to a just market place. would stop its misleading advertising. This test cases to court and winning them. They If companies know their products can quick­ had little if any effect. A cease and desist are gradually exposing the use by slum mer­ ly be compared with others, the laggard will order was entered in 1958 but it was not chants of the courts as agents to collect from be goaded to better performances and the until January 1965, that the company was poor people who are uninf~med or cannot innovator will know that buyers can prompt­ fined $100,000 for violating the order and an leave their jobs to show up in court. For ly learn ab:>ut his innovation. On the other ex-president was sent to jail. At that point, the first time, poverty lawyers are challenging hand, buyers must be able to compare prod­ the Holland Furnace Co. decided to file a pe­ the routine contract clauses that strip the ucts in order to reject the shoddy and re­ tition for bankruptcy. But as Senator War­ buyers of their legal defenses in advance, as ward the superior producer. This process is ren Magnuson said: "In the meantime Hol­ well as those involving illeg.al repossession, the great justification for a free market land Furnace at the height of its business unreasonable garnishment, undisclosed system. Manufacturers try to avoid giving cost the American public $30 million a year." credit, and financing terms, and a great many out such information and instead rely on The FTC's ponderous procedures and anemic other victimizing practices. "packaging" or advertising. Auto companies enforcement powers (it has no power of pre­ But even many more poverty lawyers could refuse to tell the motorist the safety per­ liminary injunction, no criminal penalties, handle only a few of the cases deserving their formances of his car's brakes and tires, and and no power of its own to fine, assess, or services. What is important is that recent concentrate on brand-names-Cougar, Bar­ award damages) encourage the unscru­ cases are documenting a general pattern of racuda, Marauder-and vehicle "personal­ pulous businessman to continue his abuses; abuses and injustices in the legal system ity": "Mustang makes dull people interest­ if he is caught later on, he will merely be itself. This is beginning to upset influential ing. . . ." From cosmetics to soaps and de­ told to stop. lawyers; it may prod law schools to more rele­ tergents, the differences emphasized are Two developments in recent years have vant teaching as well as guide legislatures emotional and frivolous and have no rela­ strengthened private actions against mal­ and courts toward much-delayed reform of tion to functions. This practice permits the practices by established corporations with laws, court procedures, and remedies. At the producer with the largest aprinting its contracts in large that are supposed to be regulated. Two il­ tion. Some insurance companies are begin­ type as specified by law. They are asking lustrations of this failure have been the ning to offer "defect recall" insurance. recovery of the credit service charge paid flammable fabrics act of 1953 and the oil The duty to refund remains even less well under the contracts for themselves and all pipeline safety act of 1965. In both cases, recognized than the duty to recall a product other consumers similarly involved. If the little has happened because the laws have because of defects. Orders to "cease and plaintiffs win, consumers in New York will not been administered. It took three-and-a­ desist," the usual decree of the Federal Trade be able to bring class actions against any half years before the Federal government Commission after it catches swindlers, at violations of law contained in any standard even proposed oil pipeline standards, and best stop the defrauder but do not require form contracts. these were taken almost verbatim from the him to pay back the funds. Without this 3. Disputes in courts and other judicial pipeline industry's own code. Similarly, when sanction, a major deterrent is lost. The mere forums must be conducted under fairer the General Accounting office recently :e­ order to "go and sin no more," which re­ gi-ound rules and with adequate representa­ viewed the enforcement of the pesticide law places it, is easily evaded. tion for buyers. Here the recent appearance by the Department of Agriculture it found The only enforcement action made by the of neighborhood legal service attorneys is a that repeated mass violations of the laws be­ FTC is pertinent here. For thirty years, the hopeful sign. These poverty lawyers-now tween 1955 and 1965 were neve.r reported to Holland Furnace Company used scare tac­ numbering about 2,000 and paid by the Office the Department for prosecution. This is a tics and routinely deceived the public. Its of Economic Opportunity-are representing typical example of how consumers are de­ salesmen were encouraged to pose as "safety the poor against finance companies, land­ prived of legal protection in spite of a statute inspectors" and were trained to be merci- lOrds, auto dealers, and other sellers of goods intended to protect them. February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4049 5. If the government is to impose effective Ideally, one of the most powerful forces for engineers were following corporate orders, standards, it must also be able to conduct or consumer justice would be the exercise of while their technical journals ignored a ma­ contract for its own research on both the corporate responsibility or private "counter­ jor challenge to their profession. For all the safety of industrial products and possible vailing" and monitoring forces within the talk about "preventive medicine" and "re­ methods of improving them. Without this corporate world. Unfortunately for believers medial engineering," this is what is happen­ power, the agencies will have to rely on what in a pluralist economic system, recent dec­ ing now. is revealed to them by industry, and their ades have shown that the economics of ac­ 8. During the past two decades, the courts efforts will be crippled from the start. They commodation repeatedly overwhelms the have been making important if little noticed will, for example, be unable to determine economics of checks and balances. rulings that give injured people fairer whether a better vehicle handling system is The casualty insurance industry is a case chances of recovering damages. These include required or to detect promptly the hidden in point. Logically it should have a strong the elimination of "privity" or the need to dangers in apparently harmless drugs. The interest in safer automobiles. In fact it has prove a contractual relation with the per­ government could also bring strong pressures chosen to raise premiums instead of pressur­ son sued; the expansion of the "implied war­ on business by using its own great purchas­ ing the auto industry to adopt safety meas­ ranty" accompanying items purchased to ing power and by developing its own proto­ ures that have been available for a long time. include not only the "reasonable" function­ types of safer products. The existing safety The casualty insurance industry has not ing of those items but also the claims made laws, however, do not even permit the gov­ demanded legislation to improve the design in deceptive advertising of them; and the ernment to find out quickly and accurately and inspection of motor vehicles; nor has it imposition of "strict liability" which dis­ whether industry is complying with the law. encouraged the rating of vehicles according penses with the need to prove negligence if The National Highway Safety Bureau, for ex­ to their safety. It has been equally indiffer­ one has been injured through the use of a ample, has little idea whether or not the ent to the need to reform methods of fire defective product. At the same time, the laws 1968 automobiles meet all the safety stand­ prevention (where the U.S. is far behind of evidence have been considerably liberal­ ards since no government testing facilities Japan and England) or standards of indus­ ized. yet exist. trial safety and health. What the industry This reform of t he common law of "bodily But full enforcement of the law also de­ has done instead is to spend large sums on rights"-far in advance of other common-law pends on the existence of effective penalties, advertising assuring the public it is con­ n ations such as Great Britain and Canada­ and in this respect the recent safety laws cerned about the consumer safety it has de­ h as been followed by some spectacular jury are feeble, to say the least. There are no clined to pursue in practice. verdicts and court decisions in favor of the criminal penalties for willful and knowing 7. Professional and technical societies may injured. There are routinely cited by insur­ violation of the auto safety and gas pipeline be sleeping giants where the protection of ance companies as a rationale for increasing laws; nor have crilninal penalties been writ­ the consumer is concerned. Up to now, premiums. The fact is, however, that these ten into other bills about to be signed into such groups as the American Society of victories still are rare exceptions, and for law, such as the radiation control bill. The Mechanical Engineers, the American Chemi­ obvious reasons. Winning such cases requires civil fines are small when considered against cal Society, and the American Society of a huge investment in time and money; the the possibility of violations by huge indus­ Safety Engineers have been little more than plaintiff's lawyers must collect the evidence tries producing millions of the same product. trade associations for the industries that and survive the long and expensive delays Of course, the Washington corporation law­ employ their members. It is shocking, for available to the corporation defendant with yers who lobby to water down the penalties example, that none of these technical so­ its far superior resources. But now the rules in these safety laws have no interest in the cieties has done much to work out public give the plaintiff at least a decent chance to argument that stronger sanctions would not policies to deal with the polluted environ­ recover his rights in court or by settlement. only act as a deterrent to industry but make ment and with such new technological haz­ It remains for the legal profession to find enforcement itself cheaper. ards as atomic energy plants and radioactive ways to cut drastically the costs of litigation, 6. In the ideology of American business, waste disposal. Except in a few cases, the especially in cases where a single product, free competition and corporate "responsibil­ independent professions of law and medi­ such as a car or drug, has injured many ity" are supposed to protect the consumer; cine have done little to fulfill their profes­ people. in practice both have long been ignored. sional obligations to protect the public from However, the law of torts (personal inju­ Price-fixing, either by conspiracy or by mu­ victimization. They have done less to en­ ries) still does not protect the consumer tually understood cues, is rampant through­ courage their colleagues in science and engi­ against the pollution of the environment out the economy. This is partly revealed by neering to free themselves from subservience which indiscriminately injures everyone ex­ the growing number of government and pri­ to corporate disciplines. Surely, for exam­ posed to it. Pollution in Los Angeles is a vate antitrust actions. Donald Turner, the ple, the supersonic transport program, with serious health hazard, but how may the citi­ former head of the Antitrust Division, has its huge government subsidies and intoler­ zens of that besmogged metropolis sue? A despaired of effectively enforcing the law able sonic boom, should have been exposed group of eighty-eight residents of Martinez, against price-fixing with the existing man­ to careful public scrutiny by engineers and California, is su1ng Shell Oil's petroleum power in the Justice Department. Price­ scientists long before the government rather refinery for air pollution and its "roaring fixing, of course, means higher prices for secretively allowed it to get under way. noises, recurring vibrations and frightening consumers. For example, the electrical price­ The engineers and scientists, however, had lights." In an increasingly typical defense, fixing conspiracy, broken by the Justice De­ no organization nor procedure for doing this. Shell claims that it meets the state's mild partment in 1960, involved not only G.E., None of the professions will be able to meet pollution-control regulation. But such stand­ Westinghouse, Allis Chalmers, but several its public responsibilities unless it is will­ ards are largely the result of poUtical pres­ small companies as well; the overcharge to ing to undertake new roles and to create sures from corporations whose profits are at the direct purchasers of generators and other special independent organizations willing to stake. Thus, increasingly, justice in the heavy duty equipment was estimated at more gather facts and take action in the public in­ courts must be paralleled by justice in the than a billion dollars during the ten-year terest. Such small but determined groups legislatures. However, there are some signs life of the conspiracy that sent several execu­ as the Committee for Environmental Infor­ that the courts are beginning to take ac­ tives to short jail terms. mation in St. Lou1s, headed by Professor count of the right to a decent environment Even greater dangers arise when the fail­ Barry Commoner, and the Physicians for in cases against industrial pollutants. Last ure of large industry to compete prevents the Automotive Safety in New Jersey have shown year, a lady in Pennsylvania recovered about development of new products that might how people with tiny resources can accom­ $70,000 for injuries sustained from living near save or improve the lives of consumers. When plish much in public education and action. a berylllum plant which emitted toxic fumes such restraint is due to conspiracy or other If such efforts are to be enlarged, however, daily. (The case is being appealed.) kinds of collusion, it should be the task of the legal, medical, engineering, and scien­ 9. One of the more promising developments antitrust enforcement to stop the practice tific departments of universities must recog­ of the last two years is the growing belief of "product-fixing." Traditional antitrust en­ nize the importance of preparing their grad­ that new institutions are needed within the forcement has been slow to grasp the fact uates for full-time careers in organizations government whose sole function would be to that the restraint of innovation is becoming devoted to shaping public policy; for it is advocate consumer interests. As I have far more important to big business than the clear that professionals serving clients in point ed out, the Johnson Administration has control of prices. New inventions-steam or private practice will not be adequate to done no more than create earlier this year electric engines, longer lasting light bulbs this task. Had such organizations existed an Office of Consumer Counsel in the Justice and paints, and cheaper construction mate­ two or three decades ago, the hazards of the Department-a post that has not yet begun rials-can shake an industry to its most stag­ industrial age might have been foreseen, to function. The Executive Branch is hostile nant foundations. For eighteen months the diagnosed, exposed, and to some extent pre­ vented. During the recent controversy over to a proposal by Congressman Rosenthal and Justice Department presented to a Los An­ others for a new Department of Consumer geles grand jury its charges that the domes­ auto safety I often speculated that the same tic auto companies conspired to restrain the kind of reform might have occurred thirty Affairs on the Cabinet level. This proposal development and marketing of vehicle ex­ years ago had a handful of engineers and has been criticized by Federal officials on haust control systems. When and if it files physicians made a drama tic effort to inform grounds that it would duplicate what gov­ its complaint, a pioneering case of antitrust politicians about scandals that even then ernment agencies are now doing. The fa1!!'t is, enforcement in a health and safety issue took more than 30,000 lives a yE'ar and caused however, that most of the government agen­ could reveal much about this as yet unused several million injuries. Insteal.( the doctors cies that are supposed to be concerned with weapon for public protection. were busy t reating broken bo~es and the the health and safety of consumers are also 4050 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 promoting the J.nterests of the industries that as I have tried to show, new approaches to efforts in the area of private planning and cause the consumer harm. The U.S. Depart­ judging and infiuencing corporate behavior government policy. I am perhaps more ment of Agriculture represents the farmers have begun to emerge in the last few years. acutely aware of these developments because and processors first and the consumers sec• It seems possible that people may begin to of my great interest in and love for the a-nd-whether in controversies over the price react with greater anger to the enormity of United States Air Force and its relationship of milk or over the wholesomeness o:r meat their deprivation--each year consumers lose to flying in general. At the present time my and poultry. The regulatory agencies them­ half a billlon dollars in securities frauds and Senate assignments include the Committees selves at best merely act as referees and at a billion dollars in home repair frauds, to on Armed Services and on Aeronautical and worst represent business interests in govern­ name only two of thousands of ways in which Space Sciences. I am sure that I don't have to ment. their income is being milked. The current stress to this sophisticated audience the fact Clea.rly it would be useful 1f a new bureau assault on the health and safety of the pub­ that transportation plays a vital role in vir­ within the government itself could both ex­ lic from so many dangerous industrial prod­ tually all considerations of these two com­ pose these regulatory agencies and challenge ucts, by-products, and foods has resulted in mittees. them to take more vigorous action. Senator violence that dwarfs the issue of crime in the I believe it is well known that I am greatly Lee Metcalf has introduced legislation to streets. (During the last three years, about concerned about air transportation in the create an independent U.S. Office of Utility 260 people have died in riots in American field of our national defense. I believe that Consumer's Counsel to represent the public cities; but every two days, 300 people are under Secretary :McNamara our defense plan­ before regulatory agencies and courts. This killed, and 20,000 injured, while driving on ners in the Pentagon were almost criminally approach is different from that of Congress­ the highways.) What the consumer move­ negligent in their failure to provide for carry­ man Rosenthal and it remains to be seen ment 1s beginning to say-and must say on bombers and other aircraft related to our which scheme can best avoid the dangers of much more strongly if it is to grow-is that national security. I further believe that the bureaucratization and atrophy. What is not business crime and corporate intransigence Defense Department has permitted us to fall generally appreciated however is that if they are the really urgent menace to law and order far behind such nations as the Soviet Union are to succeed, such new governmental units in America. in the area of naval vessels and water trans­ will badly need the vigorous support of or­ port. ganizations outside the government which But today I should like to talk with you would have slmllar concern for the con­ especially about our commercial transporta­ sumer and would also be able to carry on NEW VISTAS IN TRANSPORTATION tion problems. They are many and varied and their own research and planning. exceedingly complicated. They literally cry 10. I have already pointed out the need out for the development of a sound national for independent organizations of profession­ HON. BARRY GOLDWATER policy at the federal leveL While this nation als-engineers, lawyers, doctors, economists, OF ARIZONA should be proud of the surging growth of all scientists, and others-which could under­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES segments of its civil aviation, it should also take work of this kind. But they do not as be aware that years of neglect at the highest yet exist. Stlll, we can draw some idea of Wednesday, February 19, 1969 levels of government have produced a grave their potential from the example of people Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I crisis in air transportation. Fortunately, this like Dr. Commoner and his associates who state of affairs 1s well known to the new Re­ have managed to stir up strong public op­ ask unanimous consent to have printed publican administration, and President Nixon position to government and private interests in the RECORD the remarks I made before himself has pledged steps to bring nationa! while working in their spare time. Similarly, the 13th Annual Southwest Transporta­ policy up to date. I am sure you realize what other small groups of professionals have saved tion Seminar at the University of Ari­ this means. One of the very first problems on natural resources from destruction or pol­ zona on February 14. the agenda will be to devise means to ease lution; they have stopped unjust increases There being no objection, the address the congestion at our larger airports. Our in auto-insurance rates; they have defeated was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, force of air controllers needs strengthening. a plan for an atomic explosion to create a as follows: The men in it need better working conditions natural gas storage area under public land, and better training. Better equipment is an showing that excessive safety risks were in­ REMARKS OF SENATOR BARRY GOLDWATER, OF immediate necessity. volved. ARIZONA, AT THE 13TH ANNUAL SOUTHWEST Some of these problems will undoubtedly Is there reason to hope that the high en­ TRANSPORTATION SEMINAR, UNIVERSrrY OF be handled at the Federal Government level ergy physicists who lobbied successfully for ARIZONA, FEBRUARY 14, 1969 by agencies such as the Federal Aviation Ad­ hundreds of mlilions of dollars in public Regent Burch, Vice President McMillan, ministration. However, I believe there is room funds might be emulated by other profes­ distinguished guests: I am both honored and also for a Congressional approach to these sionals seeking to improve the quality of life pleased to be here today in the role of key­ and related problems. Accordingly, I am at in America? Certainly there is a clear case note speaker at this extremely important and present studying a number of bills which for setting up professional firms to act in timely seminar on transportation. I note with would establish an independent commission the public interest at Federal and local lev­ considerable interest that the theme of your to study problems such as airport conges­ els. While thousands of engineers work for session is "The Image of American Trans­ tion, safety and greater passenger conveni­ private industry, a few hundred should be portation." ence. Needless to say, such a commission working out the technical plans for obtain­ This is a fairly all-inclusive theme, and would be made up of acknowledged experts ing clean air and water, and demanding that I should like to address myself to the overall in the field of civil aviation, including pilots, these plans be followed. While many thou­ features of that image as I see them today. air traffic controllers, university experts and sands of lawyers serve private clients, sev­ I don't have to tell you, of course, that industry representatives. eral hundred should be working in public transportation is developing at an astronom­ I am confident that our private avia.tion interest firms which would pursue legal ac­ ical pace. It might interest you to know that industry with the help of a modernized gov­ tions and reforms of the kind I have out­ a man in Los Angeles, whom I don't even ernment policy will be able to remedy our lined here. Support for such firms could come recall having met, has reserved for me and problems and clear the way for an amazing, from foundations, private gifts, dues paid several other persons a seat on Pan American hard-to-believe era of faster and easier travel by consumers and the professions, or from Airways' first flight to the moon-if and in all areas of transportation. At the present government subsidies. There is already a prec­ when such a fiight is actually made. I learned time,. the railroad industry is experimenting edent for the latter in the financing of the of this only recently from a magazine editor with high speed passenger service between Neighborhood Legal Services, not to mention who wanted to know if I would make use Washington and New York. While this im­ the billions of dollars in subsidies now award­ of the reservation. I told him that I would proved service still leaves much to be desired ed to commerce and industry. In addition, first like to know whether the gentlemen in by passengers accustomed to speedy air travel, groups that now make up the consumers' L.A. had applied for a round-trip ticket in it holds promise for the future. In another movement badly need the services of profes­ my case. area of land travel, great strides already have sional economists, lawyers, engineers, and Does this sound a little "way out"-to been made as a result of the national highway others if they are to develop local consumer use a phrase popular with today's young­ building program inaugurated in 1956 by the service institutions that could handle com­ sters? Does it strike you as an exercise in Eisenhower administration. I believe it is safe plaints, dispense information, and work out fantasy? Does it surprise you that a per­ to assume that this program will be improved strategies for public action. fectly normal human being would make such and developed further under President Nixon Notwithstanding the recent alarm of in­ an application or that an American airline who played a prominent role in its inception dustry and the surge of publicity about would accept it, even on a contingency basis? 13 years ago. During his campaign for elec­ auto safety and other scandals, the consumer This whole idea illustrates the point I tion, President Nixon repeatedly voiced his movement is still a feeble force in American make here today which is that to gauge the concern over cutbacks which the Johnson power politics. The interests of consumers true image of American transportation and administration had made in the interstate are low on the list of election issues; the what lies ahead of it demands that we exer­ highway program. He is determined that the government's expenditures to protect those cise our imaginations and that we actually interstate highway system envisioned by the interests are negligible. Some would argue credit what only a few years ago would have Eisenhower administration be completed as that this situation will inevitably prevail in been regarded as science fiction. early as possible. view of the overwhelming power of American The strides we have made in all branches An especially fascinating area of future corporations in and out of government. But, of transportation have vastly outpaced· our transportation planning is the one aimed February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4051 at the mass movement of commuters in the versa, in the time it now takes to get from beyond the financial competence of private ''urban sprawl" sections which now dot the Dulles Airport into the Nation's Capital. companies to develop and manufacture. Gov­ American landscape. All kinds of methods for Of course, the HST is regarded as the ernment help will be an absolute necessity. short haul intercity passenger movement are Ultimate in air travel in this century. But it Consequently, the development of an overall being explored. Some involve the use of would not replace other types of supersonic national policy on transportation becomes helicopter type planes which woUld take off and even subsonic jets. The SST would per­ more imperative every day. from outlying residential areas and put down haps be the most popular long distance Thank you for this opportunity of meeting on tiny landing fields in the downtown areas. conveyance within the continental limits of with you here today and sharing some of the Another mode of transportation being ex­ the country, while slower and cheaper sub­ problems and some of the miracles which plored is the so-called "air-cushion" vehicles sonic jet s would still have a place in the lie ahead of Americans in the field of trans­ that would shoot through tubes at speeds up air transport ation picture in future years. portation. to 600 miles an hour, thus connecting all Mammoth versions of the subsonic jets areas of the planned "megalopolises" of the which fly today will in the future probably future. Laboratory models of such tube vehi­ hold a place equivalent to the motor bus in IRAQ PROTEST URGED cles have already been built at the University today's ground transport system. By this I of Manchester in Britain and at Massachu­ mean the subsonic jets would be the cheap­ setts Institute of Technology in this country. est means of air travel. They would operate HON. MARTIN B. McKNEALLY And the Garrett Corporation, a Los Angeles by offering cut-rate international fares. subsidiary of Signal Oil Company, has a fed­ Some planners, for example, believe that OF NEW YORK eral contract to study the feasibility of the by the late 1970's it may be possible to :fly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES air cushion system. round-trip from New York to London for Wednesday, February 19, 1969 The system would operate on electromag­ as little as $150 per person. This would open netic energy from a power source sunk into up foreign travel to an entirely new segment Mr. McKNEALLY. Mr. Speaker, under a concrete roadbed which would pull wheel­ of the traveling public. It would almost leave to extend my remarks in the less vehicles along at enormous speeds. When overnight strain to the breaking point all REcoRD, I include the following letter at rest, or when slowing down, the cars would the air travel facilities which exist today. published in the Times Herald Record, settle onto the roadbed, but at other times Just think how far we have come in a of Middletown, N.Y., by a distinguished they would travel inches above the surface. few short years. It wasn't very long ago that They would blast jets of air against the walls new airports such as the National Airport citizen and a longtime Member of the of the tube in order to keep centered above in Washington, D.C. were being described as House of Representatives, Hamilton the roadbed and on course. And naturally white elephants with runways that would Fish, Jr. Mr. Fish has spoken out on the the tube would mutne noise from the vehi­ never be fully utilized. Today the air traffic abominable hanging of the nine Jews in cles that otherwise might disturb residential problem at Washington's National Airport, Iraq. Mr. Fish's protest speaks eloquently areas along the right-of-way. While most coupled with weather, keeps incoming planes to the need of strong diplomatic action planners believe the tube system is perhaps stacked up sometimes for as long as two and in behalf of the Jews of Iraq. 20 years away, most agree that such a system three hours. Its congestion problem con­ would greatly ease the problems of our over­ tinues even though some fo the jet traffic The editorial follows: crowded cities. has been drawn away to Dulles International IRAQ PROTEST URGED But it is in the field of air transport that Airport. And today, strangely enough, Dulles The statement made by Pope Paul t h at the most exciting possibilities exist for the Airport is being described as a white elephant hanging nine Jews in Iraq raises a suspicion near future. The supersonic transport (SST) which does not have sufficient business to of racism and that the executions have is a much debated project which is receiv­ keep it operating at a normal rate, and in "caused dismay and abomination in the ing top consideration from the new admin­ my opinion all airports should be built along world," raises a serious moral, humanitarian istration and which undoubtedly will become similar lines as Dulles. I have no doubt issue involving the rights of all free people. a reality in the next few years. The SST, a that within a very short time the facilities The Pope's statement will be approved on transport jet designed to travel 1,400 to 1,800 at Dulles will prove as inadequate as those humanitarian grounds by the free people of miles an hour, can take to the air as early at National Airport. But when that happens the world. as 1972 if encouraged. Aircraft experts believe there will be plenty of room for expansion Twenty thousand Iraqi soldiers are located there is st111 a question as to whether the in all direct ions. in Jordan facing Israel and have indulged in SST will ever be able to fly over land because But there is in the development of new firing mortars, rockets, heavy artillery and of the grave problem created by the sonic planes considerable reason for optimism on machine guns into Israel villages, etc. Iraq boom. Some of them believe the supersonic this score. The greater size and speed of to­ has not been invaded by Israel. But racism transport, at least in its initial stages, will morrow's planes should mean that the num­ does exist there as evidenced by the Iraq be used almost exclusively over water. Oth­ ber of planes aloft will not grow as rapidly Army being in Jordan and by depriving Jews ers, however, insist that the problem created as the number of passengers and the volume of their civil rights. by the boom resulting from a run through of cargo. At a conservative estimate, the air­ I urge President NiXon or Secretary of the sound barrier will eventually be reduced lines' passenger business is expected to more State Rogers, representing our traditional or solved, at least to the extent of making than triple between now and 1980. Air cargo freedoms, to stress the right of all people this a surmountable problem in populated business may increase as much as ten times in every nation to leave the country in areas. It is interesting that some of the pes­ as capacit y climbs and rates decline. But even which they live on their own free will. simists among the aircraft engineers are in­ with the larger and faster planes, the conges­ Until the advent of communism, this has trigued with the fact that missiles going tion in the skys oyer Amodrica will require been the accepted doctrine throughout most straight up through the sound barrier do elaborate new systems for electronic control of the world. In behalf of freedom and free not create a loud explosive sonic boom. This of aircraft movements. Airports w111 have to people everywhere, the President or secre­ leads them to believe that some design of the be completely revamped, and this is the most tary of state should appeal to the Iraq gov­ SST may eventually have to be developed important element in the whole problem of ernment to show to the world that there that would achieve a vertical take off until congestion. New arrangements will be needed is no racism there, by permitting 3,000 Jews the sound barrier had been pierced. At the for channeling passengers, handling baggage, in Iraq to leave for Israel, or wherever they present time such models of the SST would etc. want. seem to be some distance from even the In conclusion let me merely point out that My grandfather, Hamilton Fish, as U.S. drawing board stage but the way this indus­ if you are surprised at the developments secretary of state, sent a firm protest in try is moving, anything is possible for the which in two generations have brought us 1872 to the Czar's government against the future. from the horse and buggy era to our first shameful mistreatment of Jews in Rumania, Now let me really jerk you out of your orbit of the moon, you haven't seen anything and had copies mailed to all U.S. diplomats complacency on the question of air travel. yet. There are even people in this nation to­ in Europe. While the supersonic transport has yet to day who are toying with the idea of using F.D.R. was strangely silent about the p er­ fly, the aerospace industry is already talking rockets to move mail and people at speeds secution of Jews in Germany under Hit­ about a hypersonic transport. The HST (and in excess of 10,000 miles an hour. Of course, ler's regime and grievously silent later of I am not referring to my old friend, Harry practical considerations at the present time Hit ler's terrible extermination policy. The Truman) could conceivably be put into rule out this possibility because of the neutral nations of the world should have opertaion in the 1990's. It would, according limited demand for such flights. What's been aroused to make a world-wide protest to some advanced planners, travel 4,000 to more, rocket experts in the aerospace indus­ by exposing the ghastly slaughter of mil­ 6,000 miles an hour and carry 250 passengers. try claim that civilian p assengers couldn't lions of innocent women and children. Such a transport, of course, could get you be expected to endure the discomfort of high Abraham Lincoln said "to sin by silence from New York to Paris in about one hour acceleration and decelerat ion necesEa ry for wh en you should protest, makes cowards of and it would be extremely convenient for such trips. men," and may I add, also of nations. long distance flights to the Orient, to Aus­ It is safe to say, however, that we have Unless the U.N. and the great nations of tralia and other far-distant points on the reached a stage in our transportation devel­ the w::>rld protest now, the exterminat ion globe. In fact, it could get you from the opment whereby the vehicles of the future policy m ay begin all over again. It must not Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, or vice will be so tremendous that t h ey w ill be h '~ ppe-n. 4052 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 CAMP GARY JOB CORPS CENTER, release from service, not to continue on in m.onths when ''Welfare" has been the object LOCATED IN SAN MARCOS, TEX. auto mechanics, but to enter the field of data of so much attention-and in some ways has processing and computer programming. Quite been the scapegoat for some of the domestic a switch, but one I believe I am capable of headaches our land has experienced. I hope HON. J. J. PICKLE making. you will bear with me. I've found that the climb up the ladder of I keep hearing rumors that the Job Corps OF TEXAS success is not obtained when you graduate will be abolished. Six months ago I would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from Gary-far from it; I may have reached have said, "Have at it." However, since Octo­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 the very top there, but training I received ber 1, 1968, I've lived and worked here in San at Gary was just the first rung on the lad­ Marcos where is located, as you know, the Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, at various der-and the most important rung of all­ Gary Job Corps Center with around 3,000 times in the past, I have called to the for we have to start somewhere. young men enrolled. I have seen the marvel­ attention of the House the fine work that Because of my training at Gary, though, ous accomplishments of this program and is being done by the Camp Gary Job I've been able to obtain a responsible job have recognized that for a surprising num­ Corps Center, located in San Marcos, in the Navy. Currently, I am working on jet ber of these young fellows, the Job Corps has powerplant maintenance. It's quite different been salvation. They have come from some Tex. from the four-stroke cycle but with the of the most deprived homes in our country Most recently, I spoke to you about the basics nothing is impossible. and without the training and self-respect af­ fact that the training cost per student The Herrings, now living in Fairmont, West forded them by the Corps these young men at Gary is the lowest in the country for Virginia, have written me often and have would have married only to repeat their own centers giving similar training. recently stated they had made a return trip family experiences and perpetuate public de­ In light of the recent indications that to Texas and the Job Corps. pendency, or respond to their sorry situations They informed me that the last Trouble in some even more detrimental manner. It is the administration of the Job Corps wlll Shooting Contest was held at Gary and we contradictory, to me, for us to say we will be recommended for transfer to the De­ came through again. To the team that put fight crime and then take away one of the partment of Labor, I feel it is urgent that into effect the effort of a team to win it, my most vital weapons at our disposal. we make an effort firmly to realize the congratulations. For as long as there are I know Washington is concerned about importance of urban Job Corps centers qualified instructors at Gary and there are dollars. But in the Job Corps we're not talk­ like the one at San Marcos. young men willing to learn, there will always ing about dollars; we are talking about young It is important, I feel, that we realize be a winning team for Camp Gary. Americans with feelings, hopes, desires, loves, that the real mission of Gary is to give With Nixon taking office in the next few and all things common to humans. We're days, I sincerely hope he'll continue the talking about people whose country has per­ our young people from disadvantaged funds for the Job Corps. For if given the mitted, even forced, them to grow up in un­ backgrounds the opportunity to pull opportunity, a lost individual can find the believable deprivation, attend schools which themselves up and improve their poten­ way to so many doors through which lies a prepared them for an adulthood that would tial. It is the job of instilling in them the better way of life. never come to them. They are people who confidence and the training necessary to When I left in November, 1967, I promised would otherwise have no place in their own get them started on the road to progress. to write many of the instructors and friends country. Camp Gary, with a relatively level en­ that gave me help and encouragement. Sorry I had hoped that Uncle Sam would give I failed to do this, but I'd appreciate it very this program to non-government industry rollment of about 3,000, is rich in stories much if you would give them my regards and instead of doing away with it. Then, I hear of the success of its alumni. Just over the deepest thanks for all they have done for me. on television and read in the paper of our past several weeks, I have seen two Guess I'd better close for now. It's been a fears of inflation ... that the work-training letters from former Gary corpsmen who pleasure being a part of Camp Gary and a programs in Detroit may have to cease, in­ have expressed ideas or accomplishments representative of Job Corps. My constant deed their enrollments have fallen off be­ which are particularly noteworthy. Also, prayer will be that there will always be a cause the industries are fearful. Nor do we I received an especially good letter from Job Corps or something similar to it, so that need any reminders that anger and frustra­ a resident of San Marcos explaining his young men can find new hope for the future. tion do not sit idly by in Detroit. Sincerely, So we are afraid of inflation, I do not ques­ feelings about Gary, and at this point in GEORGE L. HEINER, tion the wisdom of our fears. But does it fol­ the RECORD, I would like to insert these low that unemployment, deprivation, need letters: SANTA ANA, CALIF., must be iilitiated to curb this economic SAN DIEGO, CALIF., February 1, 1969. bogeyman? Surely greater thinkers than I January 16, 1969. Hon. J. J. PICKLE, must devise the plan, but when we have want DEAR MR. DocKALL: If you take the time to U.S. House of Representatives, Austin, Tex. and need in this great land of ours, in terms think back to 1967, I believe you'll have very DEAR Sm: The first semester of college has of our stated and historical aflluence, we little trouble remembering me. For it was now come and gone. As yet my final grades are missing something somewhere. my pleasure to participate in the 1st Ply­ are not in but they were: Speech-A, Span­ I guess perhaps I am more acquainted mouth Trouble Shooting Contest for the Job ish-B. English-B and Geography-C at mid­ with these problems because I am in such Corps. My partner, Elbert Clark and I were semester. close touch with them daily. How many fam­ very fortunate to have won. But with all the During our debating this year several ques­ ilies do I see in a week's time in which the constant supervision and training it could tions have arisen which our library has little father has gone simply because he had no have been no other way. information. Does Congress have an effective way to support his wife and children. He Presently, I'm in the Navy aboard the air­ watchdog committee over the CIA, and has leaves and the family deteriorates that much craft carrier Ticonderoga. Thanks to the there been any serious violation of secrecy more. Had a job or training been available, training I received at Camp Gary I was able in Congress in recent years? Also, has a com­ the family might have s.tayed intact and in­ to obtain a fine job back in Pennsylvania. pilation of materials been issued on the topic dependent. How many youngsters I see who My former employer, Allentown Chrysler yet by the Legislative Service? become disenchanted with school because Plymouth, was very impressed with the train­ That's what happens when Job Corpsmen they cannot identify with Anglo-American ing I had received in the Job Corps. go to college. All they have are questions. I'd values and goals-and I must honestly ask, Now that I am enlisted in the Navy, I still really appreciate some answers though. "Why should they identify with these goals?" hear from them. They have been keeping me Thanks for everything. when realistically they have not been and for informed of the latest developments in the Yours truly, years to come will not be truly integral mem­ Chrysler Products. Hopefully, to keep me up­ ERIC SAMUELSON. bers of the Anglo society. Really, while we to-date so that upon discharge from the brag about being a Melting Pot, we have service, I'll be able to take up where I left SAN MARCOS, TEx., never melted; we are all Americans, but more, off. February 4, 1969. each individual belongs to his own culture Regretfully, though, I don't think I'll be Hon. J. J . PICKLE, be it Latin middle class, Negro upper class, going back to the automotive industry. I've U.S. Congressman, House of Representatives, South Texas Latin-poor, East Texas Negro realized that after all the training I had re­ washington, D.C. poor, New York Puerto Rican ghetto-ites. ceived in the Job Corps, it gave me more DEAR MR. PICKLE: Having finished my What I tn!nk I am saying is that our lead­ than a new insight on the future and the graduate work in Social Work in June, I am ership should recognize this fact and pro­ means to obtain a decent job. The Job Corps now up to my ears in practice in the public grams should be planned accordingly. Black­ has given me something far more important. welfare field again. It's good to be back in owned and operated businesses is just one The will to learn, to set my goals higher, it again but pretty frustrating at times-al­ step in that direction. Black studies in col­ yet, to t.y to reach the unobtainable. though I doubt if you are a newcomer to leges is another. But the elimination of serv­ For although I've learned the trade of an frustrations yourself. ices in existence which meet some of the auto mechanic, I am not as yet satisfied. My purpose in writing you is to share with gaps is not an answer. Thanks to the G.E.D. I received while at you some of the thoughts and feelings that I've rambled and maybe have bored you Gary I'll be able to enter college upon my have occurred to me over the past several for which I apologize; however, I warned you February 19~ 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ~053 earlier that this would be a sharing of That was followed by the Soviet's brutal had no control that called for immediate thoughts. I am deeply concerned about what and barbaric rape of Czechoslovakia that crucial decisions. will happen tn our streets and in homes 1! leaves the biggest Russian army in Europe Basically, they are of coexistence also. They some of our marvelous resources get the ax. since World War Two. are the open and continuing adjustment to In a lighter vein, I was amused at my Put together-these make an impressive the first Israeli government-since the brother's bumping into you and another list of forces in motion that call for fresh Roman conquest. In all the Middle East, Congressman in California last year when thinking and realistic, responsible decisions there were centuries of relative peace under President Johnson visited Camp Pendleton. leading toward peaceful solutions of un­ the Roman Empire-under the Islamic Califs My amusement came from the fact that you resolved difficulties in foreign affairs. and the Ottoman Empire-when that area had already been showered with correspond­ Nothing will do as much to relieve this slept for centuries except for two Christian ence from his Texas relatives and your escape tension as the successful outcome of renewal crusades. By the beginning of the 20th Cen­ from Beards seemed unlikely. of de facto discussions between China and tury, peace was shattered by the rise of Arab We do appreciate your efforts and are the United States. Day after tomorrow--on nationalist governments at the time of the gratified by your always kind and thoughtful February 20-the conversations start again first World War and the Israeli government responses. Your re-election was a source of in Warsaw at the ambassadorial level for the at the end of World War Two-and really has pleasure to us and we all wish you a very first time in over a year. Their effect may be not been restored since then. successful year. nothing. Their consequences can be incal­ In a nutshell, it is the case of two new Sincerely yours, culable. competing nationalisms that exist else­ DAVID J. BEARD. The attention of foreign offices all over where today. the world will be focused on Warsaw next Another obvious potentially explosive case Thursday. China and Russia-the Orient and that will sooner or later dominate interna­ the Occident-are not natural allies. tional relations is the new developing na­ As a matter of fact, the United States gov­ tionalism of China-a huge country with ALF' M. LANDON SPEAKS AT ernment gave China de facto recognition in one-fourth of the world's population-vir­ INDEPENDENCE, KANS. 1955 under President Eisenhower, when we tually untapped immense natural resources began these ambassadorial talks in Warsaw. and expanding nuclear power. Now President Nixon is looking forward to Despite our de facto recognition, the HON. HUGH SCOTT this Warsaw meeting as the opportunity to United States really refuses to face the fact OF PENNSYLVANYA cover a wide range of Chinese-American af­ of the existence of China-just as the Arabs IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES fairs, in the light of substantive changes in refuse to face the fact of the existence of the past several years in international rela­ Israel. President Nixon now has the oppor­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 tions. tunity-in concert with other Asian allies­ The Middle East is linked with Vietnam in Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan­ to correct our unrealistic China policy based the mounting crisis of international relations. on the premise that America occupied such imous consent to have printed in the In his presidential campaign, Mr. Nixon a pre-eminent position in world affairs that REcoRD an interesting address given by said: its boycott of China would work. the Honorable Alfred M. Landon at In­ "The next President must conduct a series With one stroke of his pen, President dependence, Kans., on February 18, deal­ of meetings at the presidential and other Nixon can make the biggest-the most con­ ing with Communist China and other levels with the leaders of the Soviet Union. structive and substantive change in the matters, and presenting views with which I would always talk with the Soviets. I think world's international affairs-by taking the not everyone will agree, but which are we have got to have negotiations with the lead in coordinating normal relations with Soviet Union. There are certain areas-the China-just as President Franklin Roosevelt extremely cogent and well reasoned. Mid-East is an example-where the U.S. and did in 1933 by establishing diplomatic rela­ Having just been a weekend guest of the Soviet Union simply have to sit down tions with Russia--after the United States Governor Landon, I am happy to report and talk; otherwise we are headed toward a and Soviet Russia had established de facto that he is in excellent health, and pre­ confrontation that could explode into a nu­ ties in a number of fields in President sents, as always, evidence of keen think­ clear war in the Mid-East." Coolidge's administration. ing and extremely cogent and interest­ I would add Vietnam as paralleling the Professor James C. Thomson, Jr., of Har­ ing thoughts on national and interna­ Mid-East--as far as the possiblllty of a mili­ vard-Asian specialist in the State Depart­ tional problems. tary confrontation with Russia is concerned. ment from 1961 to 1966-eaid recently: Three weeks ago, the Soviet blamed the "There can be no viable peace and little sta­ There being no objection, the address United States for increased fighting in Laos. bility in East Asia until deadlock gives way was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, England--co-chairman with Russia to pro­ to mutual accommodations in Sino-Ameri­ as follows: tect the neutrality of Laos-in a formal reply can relations." EPOCHAL 4 YEARS AHEAD to another Soviet lie-placed the blame for I supported Mr. Roosevelt in this Russian increased fighting in Laos right dab on the (Address by Alf M. Landon at annual dinner policy. Since 1948, I have urged recognition Communists. of the existence of China by the United meeting, Chamber of Commerce, Independ­ It has been obvious from the start that the ence, Kans., Feb. 18, 1969) States and its admission to the United Na­ Soviet is the key to a realistic settlement of tions. Tonight I outline briefly the emotion­ the Vietnam war-just as it is in the Middle For really the first time since President packed high-tension decisions in foreign af­ East. The Soviets' ambivalent policy and cus­ Johnson rejected China's proposal in Octo­ fairs staring our President and the Congress tomary duplicity with Czechoslovakia has ber, 1964, for a conference of world powers and the governments of the world in the face heated up the cold war and generated old to abolish nuclear weapons--China is show­ that w1ll shape the destiny of mankind for major questions that fading NATO has never ing interest in renewing conversations that years to come. The big powers are all facing answered. Dennis Healy-British Defense can lead to meaningful changes. internal troubles. The Soviet invasion of Minister-the other day-pointing to a po­ Then the Soviet-after two years of silence Czechoslovakia has split world Communism. tential drift of the world into two super­ ignoring it-accepted President Jehnson's There has been quite a flurry of activity in power spheres controlled by the United States invitation to discuss limita.tion of the a.rms the last 30 days or so toward better political and the Soviet Union-warned: race. relations and workable accommodations be­ "If Europe is not prepared to maintain a tween governments--rather than building The China policy remains an open ques­ common and unified position on the prob­ tion for our new President-who is not tied stronger military positions. lems now being debated by America and 1. The prelude was President Nixon's im­ to a previous fixation that the peace of the Russia--then it can hardly expect to have world depends on the United States cold war mediate acceptance of China's suggestion last the slightest influence on any such dia­ containment policy. November for a renewal of the Warsaw talks logues:· after a year or more had gone by without any Onee more, it has opened the question of If China is changing its policy of isola­ meeting. whether it is a swing to the beastly barbar­ tion---end other great countries like Italy and 2. Then came Italy's announcement of ianism of Stalin the Terrible of conquering Canada are once more establishing normal negotiations with China, leading to estab­ the world by force--and how far the Soviet diplomatic relatlorur-that will be a far bet­ lishing formal diplomatic relations between can be trusted in negotiations for a ter foundation for avoiding a nuclear war the two. meaningful-actual-and sincere coexistence than the non-proliferation treaty that is now 3. Then came the French proposal for a based on peace and national growth. pending ratification in the U.S. Senate. four power conference t.o work for a liveable At the same time-inside Russia-freedom As I have said repeatedly in my strong sup­ solution of the perilous guerrilla wars in the has been stifled within the past months by port of President Johnson's building bt"idges Middle East. secret trials--censorship and secret police. with Russia and China-! did not want to 4. Now Canada is exploring with China Despite all this double talk and the cold sleep in the same room with Kosygin-with arrangements for establlshment of formal war tactics of the Soviet-as I said years my pocketbook in my pants over the back diplomatic relations. · ago--as long as we are talking, we are not of a chair. The same goes for Mao. Early in 1968, -there was the Chinese­ shooting. Diplomatic recognition and diplomatic re­ Albanian treaty that gave China a military In the Middle East-our President is con­ lations do not involve trust between two base for the first time in Europe. fronted with explosive events over which he governments. CXV--· 256-Part 3 4054 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 Look at Indonesia. That incipient power tend in their heretofore intransigent posi­ eign involvements which may be short of kicked out the Chinese Communists' attempt tions. It is somewhat obscure whether commitments, obviously have a significant to conquer it by subversive tactics and as­ China really has a stable government. The impact on United States diplomacy and vice sassination; yet both countries still main­ upheaval in China may have put Mao in a versa." tained their diplomatic relations. Look at position where he, too, wants to create a Another dire necessity is an inventory that Indiar--that still ma.intains diplomatic rela­ diversion. That can also be true of the covers the state of our national defenses. tions with China-despite that country's Soviet. Our President has wisely frozen the construc­ crossing the Himalayas and taking Indian For sure, one place it can manifest itself tion of the "thin" IBM system. territory by force. is in the Paris Conference with the Viet­ Our national security depends on the effi­ With the substantive changes in the last namese. For both Russia and China are ciency of our national defenses. Our political few years in world affair~President Nixon keys to the settlement that may be arrived policies, domestic as well as foreign, depend has the opportunity to encourage and de­ at there. on the state of our national defenses. velop new and better contacts in our de facto So that change, if any, in Moscow's and I do not believe the American people are relations with China. Peking's foreign policy is not for the future. aware of the extent of the lag that has oc­ China may be thinking that way, too. It is immediate-not only for the end of the curred in the last five years in stretching out Diplomatic relations does not necessarily Vietnam War-but also for our domestic our military equipment beyond the safety mean friendly relations. It is the oldest way problems-for the streets and alleys of factor because of the cost of the Vietnam known to mankind to relieve tensions-by America-as well as the jungles and rice War. talking. swamps of Vietnam. This calls for a complete reassessment and It can be a big factor in a satisfactory If we want to move toward a general re-evaluation of what America needs to pro­ settlement of the Vietnam War-for that war relaxation of tension in the world, the vide a margin of safety for its existence as is a part and parcel of eDJtire international quickest way is to move toward a basic the greatest and most powerful republic in relations. It can open big new markets in change in our China policy. the world. America seeks neither land-nor Ohina for American products--agricultural We have been repeatedly admonished colonies-nor gold-nor domination of other and manufactured. Oh, yes, I know that that--if we just had patience-we could peoples-as the Russian hierarchy and the trn.nsistors, sewing maohines, textiles and win the Vietnam War. In a nutshell, I am Chinese hierarchy do. We do not need any steel from Japan are selling in American arguing that we need that same patience to of these for our existence-as the fearful .markets. However, a government policy that find a sound, peaceful political solution to men in Moscow and Peking believe they need preveDJts its citizens from trading with one­ foreign affairs. for their existence. The growth and develop­ fourth of the world's population does not Establishing normal diplomatic relations ment of nuclear weapons and mass commu­ make sense. involves no concessions by either govern­ nication has not only eliminated the old bal­ The recognition that a Chinese government ment. The impact of diplomatic relations ance of power policy. That is also restricting actually exists in much more than a shift between China and America will have the dreams of world conquest by any would be in our foreign policy. Merely developing bet­ same effect on our defensive role in Asia conquerers. ter diplomatic relations between the United and governments throughout the world as In the last five years or so, there has been States of America and China will be a change beginning the withdrawal of American troops a dangerous lag in our military hardware that will be felt around the world ... a fav­ from South Vietnam. equipment inventory-particularly in the orable one--except in the Kremlin. It will A reversal of a major policy is never easy Air Force-both in obsolescence of the pres­ transform all international relations and for any government. Our President can well ent equipment and in its numbers. shape immediately a new political world. be confronted at any time with serious Senator Stuart Symington told the Senate events over which he has no control that last October that "The United States has I am not talking about a treaty of any not produced a single new fighter plane since kind--or the complicated questions involved will call for immediate crucial decisions. in China's admission to the United Nations. Mere establishing of diplomatic relations 1955-despite spending billions of dollars on Nor does it involve any question of so-called with China is only the beginning of a realis­ aircraft development. . . . The Soviet Union hawks or doves-negotiating political prob­ tic change in the American concept that has flown 18 new fighter models, seven of lems from superior-or sufficient--military Communists are straight from hell and that which were first photographed at the July, strength--or that political problems must be the Chinese are double-damned. That has 1967, Moscow Air Show." settled preceding any discussion of limita­ been drilled into us for a generation. And, Without going into details of the hearings before the Armed Forces Committee of the tions on arms. It is just the first step that, of course, China has that same picture of in time, can well lead to other more compli­ us. They called our soldiers "foreign devils" U.S. Senate-this highly dangerous status of cated steps. It is simply a thaw that permits and "devil devils." What is evil to the our Air Force needs to be corrected forth­ work to start in the seedbed of sounder in­ Chinese is not evil to Americans. Anyhow, with-regardless of cost. ternational relations. This will not be ac­ you do not abolish evil by ignoring it. The same is true-to some extent--of the complished over night or in one harvest. These are truly fast changing times. Navy. Building nuclear powered submarines The simple mutual exchange of embassies Therefore, it is essential to have the first and carriers has lagged-along with the mod­ between governments enab:es each country complete inventory of our world affairs. "The ernization and improvement of our strategic missiles. I quote President Nixon as of last to better understand the thinking of the Cost of World Leadership," recently pub­ lished by the American Bankers Association, October: "America must come to grips with other. two critical facts: First, the Soviet Union However, that is more than a procedural is a realistic appraisal of our nation's in­ volvements. is making a very impressive bid to become the form. It provides face to face discussion of world's No. 1 sea power. Second, the United more diftlcult matters. There will be a long James W. Fulbright, as Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee of the Senate, States has not been doing what it should to way to go to reach any workable settlement keep them from overtaking us." of new and viable peaceful interna,tional re­ has just started the essential sweeping de­ tailed review of our foreign policies-except­ There is a drastic need for an overhauling lations in Asia and elsewhere in the world. of Defense Department planning and buying Because Mr. Nixon made no fixed and defi­ ing Vietnam. "It is hoped," the powerful and courageous Senator said, "that this review methods. I am not advocating a crash pro­ nite prediction in his campaign on his for­ gram. I am advocating an orderly program eign policies, he is now able to take a fresh will result in constructive recommendations concerning the involvement of the United that will be based, say, on the next four look at international affairs. He is in a flexi­ years-each year fitting into the previous ble position where he can follow a reason­ States armed forces abroad-the impact of United States overseas commitments and year in the essential and critical rebuilding able and realistic quid pro quo policy. of our national defenses. The Army, the The London Times describes President the military capacity to honor them," such as- Navy and the Air Force plan to supplement Nixon's foreign policy position as an enigma. each other anti. do the specialized work they So far, this mystery has brought about some 1. By treaty, the United States may now are best equipped to carry out efficiently. indications-slight as they may be--of more be committed under varying circumstances Along with the political crisis in world af­ fiexiblllty in China's and Russia's foreign to use its armed forces in defense of 42 countries. fairs is the monetary maelstrom high-light­ policies. If President Nixon succeeds in build­ ed by the failure to find any long lasting solu­ ing with China simple diplomatic rela­ 2. Five major congressional resolutions tion to the world's currency problems. delegate various degrees of authority to the tions-that means far-reaching changes of I have always believed-and still do-that infinite importance in our own policy­ President to involve the United States in chronic deficit financing created economic which was based on the old balance of power military, economic or political action and political instability that produces rest­ theory of Russia and the United States su­ abroad in places such as Formosa, the lessness, turbulence, uncertainty, trouble, pervising world affairs. President Nixon has Middle East, Berlin, Cuba and Southeast that make difficulties in the development already made it clear that his policy will be Asia. of a sound, equitable policy by a govern­ coordination and cooperation with other gov­ 3. Bilateral economic aid is provided to 73 ment recognizing its responsibility in main­ ernments when and where that is possible. countries and military aid to 48 countries. taining and expanding opportunities for the In a nutshell, the conference to be held at 4. The proposed 1971 budget estimates an good life. By that, I mean the happy­ Warsaw between America and China can expend! ture of 81.5 billion dollars !or na­ healthy life. By and large--our American have more significance than the peace con­ tional defense, plus 3.7 billion dollars for in­ government has given the American people ference now going on in Paris. ternational affairs and finance. the greatest measure of happiness of any That will take some time to develop just As Senator Fulbright so correctly said, peoples in the world. That does not mean what change the Soviet and Mao really in- "These foreign commitments and other for- that we cannot do a still better job now. February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4055 National security-full employment--na­ Thus, our President continues to waste no in the interests of. the United States of Amer-_ tional growth-a rising standard of living time laying the crucial decisions right on the ica, its people, and the traveling public of and a stable currency are what any one­ line on foreign policy-national defense-­ the world-to say nothing of a settlement right or left--would be happy to achieve. banking and trade-in a strong way that dis­ that w1ll result in an economically strong air All these factors must be kept in focus-as pels doubts and wins support from bi-parti- transportation industry. they are alllnterm.eshed with our foreign pol­ san sources. One hopes that you will start with a fresh icies on trade-the price of gold-confidence Ba-sically-these vast and intricate issues and clear mind. Before you begin wrangling in our national administration-ability to are as old as the protests of the prophets on with partisan pleas and hired rainmakers, it keep its agreements with other govern­ the hills of Judea against the leadership of is hoped that you will ponder these few basic ments-creating new markets by political their world; as new as mass communica­ and simple questions: Just what are the air and financial assistance-opening up new tions-mass production-mass population­ transportation requirements for this vast markets in Africa, Asia and the Western malnutrition-automation-super jets­ area of the world? What are the specific and Hemisphere-all with practically unscratched spacecraft--and the sha.dow of mass death special interests of the United States? How immense natural resources. in a nuclear wa r. That is the time we live in. much service is already being provided, and The left think that goal can be reached America-still a young nation-and with by whom? How much can it stand? Better only by a planned and controlled inflation­ the greatest economic resources in the yet, what is the potential? And will you take and that talk of a balanced budget is for the world-the greatest popular government in the time to consult those who have inde­ birds. That is the Keynesian theory of the this world in size-with blocks of voters still pendent knowledge of the Pacific and its new school of economists--despite the fact influenced in their thinking by older ethnic peoples and its trade routes? that, in all history, there has been no exam­ origins-with a great variety of interests­ It is quite clear that the decision by the ple of a controlled inflation. Yet it is this very both domestic and foreign-the Atlantic Civil Aeronautics Board gives you little to lack of balance that underlines that inflation coast historically more interested in Europe work on. Those five members, frustrated by is still a serious problem that handicaps ef­ and the Pacific coast in Asia-with the great­ ignorance, pressures, distortions, commit­ fective organization of sound and workable est mass communications in the world­ ments and cozy desires to please somebody domestic programs. requires a national leadership with the back­ and offend no one, never really looked at They even ignore current history of the up ability to get over to American voters the those basic questions and answered them United States, England and France-all with soundness of his policies. A president who has first before divvying up some route plums in that same goal and the same road of mount­ that ability can mold the whole atmosphere a grand neutralization of cross-pressures. ing inflation, and that the West German and tone of American political-social and The end result was a hodge-podge of service mark is the strongest currency because it has economic life. that didn't even please their best friends, followed the old time tested fiscal policies In his hands is the fate of civilization. All although no "winner" would ever show his of a balanced budget. over the world, countless millions of faces displeasure out loud. Let's face it, Mr. Ells­ The English pound and the French franc are turned toward him-watching for his worth, the decision was one helluva big have gone through one crisis after another fateful decisions. bumble. and have been steadily devalued. The pound That is the destiny of our President. Mr. Now let's look at the Pacific very briefly. sterling is no longer a reserve for banking Nixon is not shrinking from it. There are two distinct categories of air traffic and government funds in the world. Both the to be considered. One is point-to-point pound and the franc have been saved tem­ transportation, the kind one envisions in a porarily from further devaluation only by certificate of public convenience and neces­ foreign aid from other countries. TRANSPACIFIC ROUTE CASE sity, to transport people in business or gov­ Whether they can survive this year without ernment and other walks of life who have disastrous devaluation is still a monetary to travel and want the service available on question that directly affects the life of every HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY precise schedules. The other is pleasure, or if Frenchman and Englishman and many, many OF INDIANA tourist, or promotional travel, and you other peoples, also. If the franc and the know anything at all about the Pacific you pound are devalued, the pressure on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would know that the opportunities for this American dollar is greatly increased. Wednesday, February 19, 1969 type of travel are almost unlimited, as Ha­ Our dollar has been in an extremely pre­ waii has demonstrated as a starter. Som.e carious position for several years. It was Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, Members of airlines are strong in the first category, saved two years ago by the courageous ac­ Congress are well aware of President others are strong in the second. tion of William Martin, Jr., Chairman of the Nixon's recent action in requesting the Let's look, too, at another important fac­ Federal Reserve Bank, in raising interest CAB to return to him for review and deci­ tor. The government, meaning both political rates as a brake on inflation. They were sion the international phase of the trans­ parties over an extended period of years, lowered when it accomplished that purpose. seems to have determined that the United They were raised again two months ago to pacific route case. The President now has States should have, for reasons too numer­ prevent a new surge of inflation. Inflation, a golden opportunity to bring order out ous and obvious to delineate here, two Amer­ ip simple terms, means a new surge in boost­ of chaos. I call to the attention of Mem­ ican round-the-world airline systems. One !ng the cost of living. bers of the House an article by Mr. Wayne system is and has been around the world. Another. courageous and powerful leader in W. Parrish, who is not only the most dis­ The second lacked the Hong Kong-mainland the Congress from Arkansas is Wilbur D. tinguished publisher in the field of avia­ segment to complete the global circle. The Mills, who-as Chairman of the House of tion today but an expert whose opinion I f act that the CAB d i d decide to complete Representatives Ways and Means Commit­ commend to the administration. Mr. the circle for the second carrier would seem tee-actually controls the fiscal legislation Parrish has written a no-nonsense article to indicate that this two-system policy has of the Congress. Congressman Mills said re­ been unchanged, even though the CAB could cently that tax legislation required vigorous in the current edition of American Avia­ hardly have chosen a more ridiculous man­ and strong leadership by a president. tion which deserves the full attention of ner in which to do it. It can also be said that the support of the White House and our foreign policy One of the big problems in the northern Chairman Mills and his House Committee is advisers. Pacific was American Airlines, which wanted also essential to a president in persuading the The article follows: very badly to fly to Tokyo via Hawaii. The Congress to enact his fiscal recommendations. PERSONAL VIEW: AN OPEN LETTER CAB seemed to agree with this, although its Mounting inflation has changed more gov­ method of requiring through flights and the ernments than wars. Therefore, accord be­ (By Wayne W. Parrish) use of second-rate mainland terminals was tween President Nixon and Chairman Mills Mr. ROBERT ELLSWORTH, as nutty as a fruitcake. But let's ponder on fiscal and trade legislation is of the ut­ Assistant to the President, this problem. Is a single route to Japan via most importance and necessity for our stable The White House, Hawaii, dead-ending either in Japan or Ko­ national economy, and sound national Washington, D.C. rea, a really economical and suitable route? growth that are t he base of our national DEAR MR. ELLSWORTH: According to the We don't think so, not when other considera­ leadership for world peace. memorandum you issued Feb. 7 to all of the tions need to be made, especially existing Last Thursday, Under-Secretary of_ State concerned parties, President Nixon has as­ competition and the national policy of two Richardson in Paris at the International signed to you the task of co-ordinating the round-the-world systems. Economic Forum, . clarified another major complex and troubled transpacific route case. And yet here is American, one of the fin­ Nixon policy-pledging the administration's You are a three-term congressman from est airlines in the world, cut off, as of now, support for "a more open system of world Lawrence, Kan., so you have some knowl­ from even going to Hawaii. It is incompre­ trade." Mr. Richardson-referring specifically edge, at lea.st, of the workings of the capital hensible how anyone can justify forbidding to America's monetary policy-said: city. At 43, .you possess, presumably, a still­ American to participate fully-inland and "We intend to intensify our efforts to re­ young mind. One deeply hopes that you are from coast cities-in the lush Hawaii tourist store price stability and to go about it prop­ aware of the magnitude of the challenge travel market. American should be in Hawaii erly. It is a ba.sic objective of the new ad­ before you. without any per-adventure or doubt. But for ministration to regain control of the price One hopes, also, that you will lift this ca.se its own good, and for oth~r considerations, and wage situation in the United States. To out. of the muck of ignqrance, stupidity, self­ it should not, at this stage of I»acific de­ this end, we shall hold to a sound budgetary serving private in-t;erests and the host of v~lopment, try to bust into the Tokyo mar­ position." · rancid pressures, and help to get it settled ket with a dead-end route. 4056 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 All right, then, Mr. Ellsworth, wl:!.at about protective reasons. I say it is high time that with the prospect of ever higher labor the second round-the-world system, which we tell the Japanese that we are going to rates, the previous $100 minimum could happens to be TWA? The logical route, and have a second round-the-world carrier serv­ be reached with only one employee. the only logical route, to close the global ing their country and they can take it and gap is via Japan. If not Tokyo, then Osaka. llke it or we will simply stop giving Japan This measure will not only cut down on It seems very clear that in its fumbling and Air Lines our birthright, a policy that we the number of forms required from 12 to bumbling, the CAB picked a route across the have been following. Mr. Ellsworth, do you four, if the employer so chooses, but it Central Pacific via Guam simply as a way think you could possibly get over a message could also save a great many man-hours out of a pressure dilemma. But 1f common to our Department of State that it works for of nonproductive labor that the small sense and the national interest are the cri­ the U.S.A.? Do you think you could convince businessman has previously been donat­ teria, then TWA should most certainly go them to tell other peoples, for once, what we ing. It will allow more leeway in the from Hong Kong to Japan and then the U.S., want to do and what we are going to do? scheduling of employee and employer va­ via Honolulu, with no ridiculous restrictions. Up to now, the marshmallows over there So now, Mr. Ellsworth, we have removed have done nothing much but give everything cations and activities. TWA from the Central Pacific, so what should of ours away with minimal benefits in re­ go there? Easy. This is a promotional route, turn. an area that is susceptible to great develop­ Now of course Australia and New Zealand ment for tourism, an area of romantic is­ will protest. They aren't so stupid as not to CREATION OF A COUNCIL OF ECO­ lands waiting for hotels and resorts, waiting do so. But how valid are those protests? Are LOGICAL ADVISERS for an airline that has a will-to-do, a fiatr we simply to sit back and guarantee them for promotion, an airline with a little risk monopolies to carry our American traffic, or and adventure in its blood. This entire Cen­ can't we do some carrying ourselves? Mr. tral Pacific would be a field day for Con­ Ellsworth, you have a personal challenge. HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY tinental. Give it the area, not arbitrary lines; Need I say more? OF CALIFORNIA extend it through Guam to Okinawa and Another thing, Mr. Ellsworth. The Pacific IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES then to Taipei and then to Hong Kong. This has been a football politically for two dec­ is the route it wanted, this is the route it ades. It has been bottled up. No need to go Wednesday, February 19, 1969 can do better with than any other airline into all that, but it's been a sort of private Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, America we kri.ow about, and continental would make enclave. So was the rest of the world until has been blessed with abundant re­ the Pacific as popular and low-cost in its that enclave was busted up and we got some sources. Together, all of our resources way as the Atlantic and Caribbean are to­ competition, and who is there in heaven or day. hell who can say that the competition hasn't comprise the basis of the environment But what do you know, Mr. Ellsworth, the been healthy for everybody concerned. Let's of the wealthiest Nation on earth. Until CAB decided to send Continental to New open up the Pacific to American air trans­ this century, our Nation was primarily Zealand and Australia, and a more bumbling, portation, but in the name of all that's holy, occupied with the development of most cockeyed decision we can't imagine. In the let's pick the right carriers for the right jobs. of those resources-with the mining and first place, it shows that the CAB didn't do Let's see how well you can do, Mr. Ells­ processing of mineral deposits, the its homework at all, because any U.S. air­ worth. For if you botch this thing up as planting and harvesting of the land, the line that rues to Australasia absolutely, with­ much as the CAB did, I, for one, will haunt out any question whatever, must be strong you for years to come. For I'm a very proud cutting and milling of timber, the trans­ in the eastern part of the United States, American and I know the Pacific and I know port and industrial uses of water, and namely New York City. The route to Aus­ the airlines and I want to see something the mining, drilling, and processing and tralasia is essentially a business route. If an done the right way for once. On with your combustion of fossil fuels. In the early airline can't tap traffic coming across the job, Mr. Ellsworth. part of the 20th century, conservation Atlantic, and tap traffic from major indus­ of some of the overexploited resources of trial cities, and if it operates only in the our country became a national interest. western U.S., it is a pitiful sitting duck The Government began to take steps for the strongest airline combination in the RELIEF FROM "FORMS" FOR SMALL world: the British Commonwealth Pool. against the misuse of our most precious Does the CAB know how strong BOAC, EMPLOYERS national wealth next to our people, the Qantas and Air .New Zealand really are? natural resources of America. Character­ Yes, the current traffic figures on the Pacific HON. JOHN M. ZWACH istically, conservation was first concerned may not seem too impressive, but the pool with the most obvious blemishes re­ OF MINNESOTA is strong and it controls a vast amount of sulting from earlier misuse-denuded feed-in traffic. And do you know something, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Ellsworth? If you want to cure the timberland, eroded farmland, very in­ meager traffic results and high fare levels in Wednesday, February 19, 1969 efficient and wasteful mining and proc­ the Pacific, you don't listen to foreign air­ Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, it is rela­ essing operations, and eventually lines. You put a strong American carrier on tively easy today for the citizens to slip polluted and poisoned waterways. the route and traffic will grow. There are into the mistaken belief that the Federal In the past two decades the concern three decades of experience to justify that over the resources of our environment statement. The CAB served a tough deal on Government is not only the source of new Conttiiental because it was compromising money, but that it is also the producer has grown immensely. Not only are we compromises without either guts or knowl­ of new income. With this growing mis­ concerned with the impact and effect of edge entering into the decision, for Conti­ conception, it is becoming easier for the that use and misuse of our resources, nental is not a transcontinental carrier. administration to force more odious and we are now concerned with the impact So who, then, should fiy to Auckland and costly chores upon those people who have and effect of that use and misuse Sydney? We leave it up to you with this throughout our environment. Man and single premise: The only American carrier created the employment so that a portion of the earned income can be collected and nature have altered our environment, that can succeed on that route must be and in doing so, have altered the ecology strong in the East, especially New York. directed to the Federal Treasury. Since TWA is presumably already in the Pa­ With rapidly increasing Government of our Nation-the interrelationship in­ cific and American showed no interest in spending, the Federal Treasury has ex­ teraction of all parts of our environment. Australasia, you have a choice of two air­ perienced an ever-growing need for cash, We are no longer concerned just witb · lines, United and Eastern. United is the and thus, by regulations, has required the misuse of mineral deposits and Us stronger in terms of industrial and traffic­ small employers to file income tax with­ impact on the land. We are also con­ generating cities. Eastern proposed an imag­ holding statements monthly, if the with­ cerned with the poisoned waters result­ inative and interesting route system that ing from poor mine drainage. We are might well be a winning answer to the com­ held amount equaled at least $100. This, petitive situation already existing. In the while it may have helped the Govern­ no longer concerned just with the agri­ hearing before Examiner Robert Park, East­ ment in its solvency problems, has also cultural problems which result from the ern certainly chalked up the highest markS triplP.d the amount of bookwork that misuse that created the great midwest­ for resourcefulness. But take your pick; here most small employers are forced to do ern dust bowl; we are also concerned are two A-1 choices, and positively the only ·for their country. with the effects of the dust in the at­ ones that can serve that market well. mosphere and the air breathed by mil­ Now, Mr. Ellsworth, you will be getting a Therefore, I have introduced a bill, to lot of pressure from the State Department -make this filing voluntary, rather than lions of people in those agricultural transmitting complaints and pressures from mandatory for those with fewer than 10 States. We are no longer concerned just other governments. I say to hell with them. -employees, or having withheld taxes with the inefficiency and waste of poor I say a lot of those pressures are being pro-· amounting to less than $1,000 during a smelting and metal processing'; ·we· are mated within the U.S., anyway, for selfish ·month. At the present level uf pay, and · concerned with· the impact of poisonous • ' ~ l February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4057 • air emissions on the lungs and lives of an interest in air pollution as its relates the "Ecological Advisers Aot of 1967." I millions of urban and rural dwellers. to automobiles and their ability to create have reintroduced the bill this year since We have not yet dealt with these prob­ air pollution, and as it relates to de­ I feel that the problems of environmen­ lems effectively. We have not even con­ creased atmospheric visibility which af­ tal pollution are greater than ever and sidered all of the problems besetting our fects air transportation. Commerce has are threatening the very existence of environment and their effect on our ecol­ obvious interests when one of the great mankind. strong action is needed to meet ogy. We have a tendency to deal with sources of air pollution is industry, and this challenge. problems in a piecemeal manner. We do agriculture is keenly interested in the The purposes of this Council are mani­ not anticipate a problem in a so-called impact of polluted air on crops and vege­ fold. Primarily this branch of the Execu­ preventative fashion. Rather, we let ·tation. I do not deny that each of these tive Office is to provide an overview of problems reach a point where we must departments has a specialized and nec­ the problems of the ecology of the na­ try to cope with them in order to keep essary interest in air pollution. tional environment, and to recommend them from getting even more out of The Department of the Interior has an and develop ideas and concepts for the hand. This certainly has been the case important concern with water pollution, implementation of programs designed to in the area of environmental quality for it has jurisdiction over the billions of improve, protect, reclaim, restore, and control. gallons of water which come from areas conserve the various aspects of our en­ The Congress, State, and local govern­ of Interior's jurisdiction. The Depart­ vironment. The Council is to establish ments, and industries have only recently ment of Housing and Urban Development devices for reviewing the effectiveness of, begun to show their concern and aware­ also has an intense interest in water use, and the need for programs throughout ness of the problems of air and water for it must concern itself with the water the Federal Government, or sponsored pollution in the face of the ever-increas­ needs, and water and sewage systems of or supported by the Federal Government, ing outcry of public dissatisfaction. We the great cities. Agricultural use of high in related areas of environmental or eco­ have, however, continued to act in our quality water is a need that speaks for logical quality. manner of responding to problems once itself. Industrial use of water again in­ The most important of the Council's they have become large enough to attract volves commerce, and there are obvious tasks will be the relating of the various national attention. We have been caught health needs in water purification sys­ areas of environmental interest to each ill-prepared to deal with these problems, tems. Again, I maintain that these areas other, and the development of creative and the indecisiveness of our legislation is all have individual, legitimate, and nec­ concepts and plans for the continual im­ indicative of our lack of foresight. While essary authority in these realms. provement of the ecological and environ­ we are presently looking at the two giants The Atomic Energy Commission has mental conditions of the Nation. in the area of environmental quality con­ obvious authority in the area of radio­ The Council is also to direct the coordi­ trol, air and water pollution, we are not active materials. The Department of nation of the efforts throughout the Gov­ viewing them in a sophisticated enough Health, Education, and Welfare has in­ ernment by its appraisal of programs. manner, nor are we paying enough at­ terests in the health aspects of these po­ Through its staff and research facilities, tention to their impact on each other and tentially harmful materials. The Depart­ it is to streamline and coordinate the on the entire environment. We are not ment of Defense has needs for nuclear research activities of the various areas giving enough consideration to other fuels, and every. department involved of Federal interest and involvement in problems which will increase with our with water which is interested in desalin­ ecological questions. The Council will also national growth if they continue to go on ization as a source of additional fresh advise the President on the allocation of unchecked. water has considered atomic facilities for funds for the various Federal areas in­ We have a need to look after the en­ such processes. These interests each have volved with environmental questions. tire environment and the ecology of that ·certain special concerns, and I feel that The overview of the Council will be environment. We must know the rela­ they are rightfully exercising authority directed at the entire ecology of the en­ tionship of air to water pollution, and of in their own particular areas. vironment--from the point of view of each to solid waste matter, and of all to I could go on and on, but certainly it man and his needs. Ecology itself is not each other. We must understand the ef­ is not necessary. There is nothing wrong a concept which directs itself toward the fects of radiation on all forms of pollu­ with this departmental specialization in effect of the interaction of the elements tion, the effects of pollution on the related fields; it is advantageous for the of the environment on one individual or­ weather, the relationship of topography ·aovernment to look at problems from a ganism or element. However, in the case to pollution; and the beneficial combina­ variety of specialized points of view. of the Council, we are interested in the tions of urban planning to topography There are, however, some major needs environment and its ecology as it relates and the relationship of that combination which are not being met. to man. The Council should not occupy to pollution abatement. We must under­ First and foremost is the need to view itself with the narrow definition of each stand the impact of environmental the entire environment and its total constituent element of the environment, change on human beings, and how the ecological interaction. It is essential to but rather with the overall interaction changes in the quality of the atmosphere relate all of these areas of interest to each of the constituent elements as they re­ and the appearance of the environment other. The environment is certainly com­ late to man through their interaction affect man both physiologically and psy­ posed of many more elements than have with each other and with man. The chologically. been mentioned here. And the ecology of Council must take a larger and not a We have a need to understand our the environment--the interaction of all smaller view of the picture of the en­ physical surroundings and the ecology of of those elements-is something that I vironment. It must take a creative and that environment better, so that we may could not entirely explain here for we do comprehensive look at the ecology of our direct our efforts at beneficially altering not yet entirely understand it. That is environment, concerning itself not only our environment, and so that we may be my point. The understanding of our with the physical implications of the en­ able to foresee future problems that ecology is essential if we hope to success­ vironment, but with the psychological could be averted at an early stage. We fully deal with the many problems of our and sociological implications of the con­ must have an overview of our surround­ environment. The understanding of our ditions and interactions of the ecology of ings so that we can understand our ecology is essential if we hope to create the environment of man. This will cer­ strengths, weaknesses and needs, and act programs that will alleviate our environ­ tainly include both the manmade as well accordingly. mental problems, both now and in the as the natural elements of the environ­ At present we are dealing with many of future. The understanding of our ecology ment. the problems of our environment in many is essential if we are to make the various The need for such a Council is clear. areas of the Government. I do not ques­ individual programs in our Government I have been in contact with representa­ tion that each of these areas has a special relate effectively to one another, and to tives from industry, Federal depart­ and particular interest in its area of au­ advance our activities in the realm of ments, the Executive Offices, and scien­ thority. The Public Health Service in the improving the entire environment. An tific specialists, and they all express the Department of Health, Education, and effective overall view of the environment idea that, in one form or another, some Welfare certainly has appropriate inter­ and its ecology will enable us to evaluate type of overseeing body is necessary to est in air pollution. For air pollution has the effectiveness of our present efforts deal with the ever-increasing and con­ direct effects on our health. However, the throughout the Government. tinually proliferating questions and Department of Transportation also has It is for this reason that I introduced areas of authority concerned with our 4058 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 enrnonment. They all affirm that an prominent and powerful position in the ship of the elements of the environment, ecological view is necessary. There is a Government. but with the effects of those interrela­ need to develop a long range view of the The composition of the body also lends -tionships on man himself. Only a council problem, and corresponding long-range itself to authority both within and out­ in such a commanding position could be plans. There is a need to see that those side of the Federal structure. The pres­ capable of collecting related informa­ areas of the Government dealing with tige value of a membership composed of tion, coordinating efforts and projects, various environmental problems are able experts and outstanding figures from a streamlining Federal activities in this to bring all resources to bear on those number of areas of private service should rapidly growing field of interest, and de­ problems, are using all of the material enable the Council to wield a great deal veloping the long-range and creative available to the Federal Government, are of influence in areas of environmental plans involving all areas of the Govern­ not duplicating other efforts and pro­ concern. The arrangement within the ment which are necessarily involved in grams, and are far reaching and creative Council which enables the advisers to this realm. in their efforts-with an understanding serve on the Council without leaving Only a council such as the one pro­ of the relationship of their projects and their important positions in public and posed could have the latitude to devel­ work to other related undertakings other private life, enables each individual op such new concepts as the psychologi­ places in the public and private realms. member of the Council to maintain and cal implications of life in an urban area It is only fair to ask questions concern­ enhance his own individual position of in terms of total ecology, and only such ing the placement of such a council at the status in his area of speciality and in­ a council could be in a position to pro­ level of the Executive Office of the Presi­ fluence. mote now unknown projects and con­ dent. Once the need for such a body was The composition of the Council should cepts which are certain to develop in determined, careful consideration was be designed to include representatives of areas of urban and rural social ecology, given for the placement of such an over­ science, industry, and areas that are ma­ and total concepts of waste disposal and seeing policy body. During the course of jor concerns of environmental quality. related pollution abatement projects. deliberations, the places considered for The advisers themselves should be indi­ The need for such action is obvious. such a governmental function varied viduals who are capable of taking an The environmental problems of this from a new Cabinet-level department to effective overview of the situation, and country are increasing daily and we must an Assistant Secretary of Health, Edu­ not become involved with the particu­ stop dealing with them only as they ap­ cation, and Welfare. lars of the va1·ious programs which come pear as blemishes on the national coun­ It has become increasingly clear that a under the purview of the authority of the tenance. We must be far reaching in our body created to deal with the entire en­ Council. For this reason I feel that the own efforts to establish a body with need­ vironmental ecology must be in a com­ larger part of the Council membership ed authority to view an immense prob­ manding place in the Government if it is be composed of social scientists, social lem from a comprehensive position and to be in any position to get an effective and community planners, and public ad­ to develop effective solutions to complex overview of national efforts and is to be ministrators. The great volume of the and important problems. a far-reaching policy determiner. If it needed scientific expertise should come is to be such an overseeing body, it can­ from the staff of the Council which will not be placed in the structw·e of any one serve on a full time basis. As previously department involved in any one area of mentioned, the Council members will re­ MICHAEL MUNKACSY ecological or environmental quality con­ tain their positions in public or private trol. It could never oversee or direct the organizations in order to maintain posi­ efforts of activities in other departments tions of authority, and to help the mem­ HON. HUGH SCOTT equal in stature to the department in ber to maintain his specialized expertise OF PENNSYLVANIA which it was a subdivision. Therefore, and thus contribute more to the Council. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES creating an Assistant Secretary, or some There is one additional unC:erlying such similar position in an existing question which must be answered. This Wednesday, February 19, 1969 agency would essentially be impractical question deals with the concept of creat­ Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, tomorrow, and make such a body or position im­ ing a new structure within the Govern­ February 20, marks the 125th anniver­ potent. ment each time a problem is newly rec­ sary of the birth of the great Hungarian On the other hand, there is no desire ognized, or appears to have grown or be painter, Michael Munkacsy. During his to create a "superdepartment"-a de­ growing. Should we create some new visit to America in the late 19th century, partment to collect all of the various part of the bureaucracy every time we Munkacsy became friends with John environmental quality research and con­ discover or redefine a problem? Of Wanamaker and his family and stayed trol functions rooted throughout the va­ course we should not in every case, or with them in Philadelphia. Two great rious agencies and departments. As even in most cases. For we surely have Biblical paintings by the artist hang each stated earlier, there are certain specific the facilities within our gigantic Federal year during the Lenten and Easter sea­ areas which are best kept where they now structure to handle most problems. This son in the John Wanamaker store in are, and such a massive reorganization question can honestly be asked of any Philadelphia. would only postpone further the needed new proposal, and it certainly must be I ask unanimous consent to have advances in this field. asked of a proposal of such far-reaching placed in the RECORD an article on Mi­ The logical place for tl1is Council, proportions. chael Munkacsy prepared by Dr. Elcmer therefore, is at the level of the Executive. In the case of this plan I have intro­ Bako, of the Slavic and Central European There, as a result of its position and its duced, I believe wholeheartedly that the Division of the Library of Congress. composition, and through its contact need for its creation is clear. Our en­ There being no objection, the article with the President, it is in a position to vironment is our most immediate need. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD , direct and enhance the activities in the It affects us every minute of every day, as follows: Federal interests in environmental and the ecology of that environment can MICHAEL MUNKACSY quality control, and to exercise inde­ alter our lives. This is not a simple prob­ On February 20, the 125th anniversary pendent and creative judgment in a pre­ lem, and therefore cannot be met by a of the birth of the great Hungarian painter viously much neglected field. simple solution. This is a problem that Michael Munkacsy (1844-1900) it is our The power of this Council is derived has roots throughout our country, and privilege to revive the memories of the rich from a number of areas. First and fore­ is dealt with in almost every area of the successful life of this important artist, hu­ manitarian and fighter for human rights, most is the position of the Council in the Federal Government. It is an ru·ea which especially in the view of the presence of Executive Offices of the President. The includes environmental elements which more than 60 works by him in the public ecological advisers should be the execu­ must be actively related to each other if and private collections of art throughout tive equivalent of the Council of Eco­ any valuable headway is to be made in the United States. nomic Advisers, and through their func­ the field of environmental quality con­ Munkacsy's early childhood was overshad­ tion of reporting di1·ect1y to the Execu­ trol. owed by the oppression of Habsburg tyranny tive on a regular and frequent basis and The possibilities of such a plan are very Which followed the Hungarian struggle for recommending policy, programs and al­ liberty in 1848-49. The young boy lost his encouraging. The purview of the Council parents, sutrered poverty and injustice while locations, the advisers maintain a will deal not only with the interrelation- working for his livelihood as a carpenter's February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4059 appre!itice. However, after having demon­ full understanding of the problems of the keep track of meetings and persons where strated his uncommon talents through some human being. Utah news was breaking, we checked signals of his drawings, his countrymen bestowed It gives a feeling of satisfaction that the to ensure· that Utah readers were better scholarships upon him and enabled him to present generation becomes increasingly served. learn his craft as an artist in Budapest. An­ aware of the immortal values of Michael But never in our long association did we other generous prize won by him at an art Munkacsy, both as an artist and as a hu­ act in collusion or compare notes on what exhibit enabled him to continue his studies manitarian; and this feeling of satisfaction we were writing. We worked independently, at the then famous Dusseldorf School of is only intensified by recalling the memories writing our own stories as we saw them. We Arts in Germany. Among Munkacsy's earli­ of prominent philanthropists in the great worked very hard to beat each other. est friends in Dusseldorf was John R. Tait, city of Philadelphia and elsewhere in this I don't know what Bill would have said an American artist, later residing in Balti­ country whose interest in Munkacsy's art on the matter, but I know, and I'd like read­ more, Maryland, who was attracted by the was instrumental in promoting the universal ers to understand, that education stories in genius and the warm character of the young recognition of the talents of the Hungarian the Desert News were better than they might Hungarian, and through whom a wealthy artist as well as in enriching so many art have been if a lesser reporter than Bill American gentleman, Mr. J. Wilstach of Phtl­ collect"lons in this country by the acquisition Smiley had been representing the opposition. adelphia gave Munkacsy a commission for of his works. I knew Bill would do a thorough and pro­ a large picture. The resulting work entitled fessional job for his paper and that if I "The Last Day of a Man Condemned to wanted to stay in the game I'd have to do my Death" won a medal at the exhibition of the best. I did a better job because my friend Paris Salon in 1870 and brought sudden fame DEATH OF WILLIAM F. SMILEY, Bill Smiley literally was looking over my to the artist all over the world. His great EDUCATION EDITOR OF SALT shoulder. creativity and sublime handling of new, Early in our association an incident oc­ powerful colors met with astonishing suc­ LAKE TRIDUNE curred which provides an insight into the cess, enabling him to establish his home in kind of person Bill Smiley was, I was in At­ Paris as one of the most outstanding meeting HON. WALLACE F. BENNETT lantic City, N.J., to receive an award for edu­ places of the prominent, the wealthy, and cation reporting. As I returned to the con­ the famous from the whole of Europe and the OF UTAH vention press room there was a telegram United States. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES waiting. It read: "Congratulations, honor However, his :final rise to universal recog­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 well-deserved, Bill." nition came with his huge canvases, "Christ I'd like to suggest that Bill's friends pay Before Pilate," painted in 1881, and its com­ Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, Utah him an honor well-deserved by writing a note panion piece, "Christ on Calvary," which was and the Nation lost a strong advocate of of appreciation and sending it to Bill's widow, completed in 1884. These two great works, better education and a fine journalist in Mrs. Elda Smiley, 1142 E. 27th South, Salt especially the "Christ Before Pilate," at­ the recent death of William F. Smiley, Lake City 84106. tracted millions of admirers while on tour I'm sure, however that I can speak for in Europe, before they were brought to this long-time education editor of the Salt them in saying we'll miss Bill and that we country folloWing their acquisition by John Lake Tribune. join his family in appreciation of his con­ Wanamaker. The reception of "Christ Before Wherever education was making news tributions. Pilate" (as well as that of the "Christ on in Utah, Bill Smiley was there to report Calvary" a few years later) was equally over­ it. Insight, integrity, and incisive writing whelming in America; millions of people were the hallmarks of this distinguished DR. ALFONSO DELLAPIETRA crowded churches and exhibit halls to view newspaperman. His constructive sugges­ the magnificent works and other millions had to be turned away for lack of time or tions for the improvement of education HON. JOHNS. MONAGAN space while the tour lasted. for students of all ages will be sorely missed in our State. OF CONNECTICUT During his visit to this country in 1886, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Munkacsy spent some time in Philadelphia One of the finest tributes to Bill was where he enjoyed the hospitality of John written by his arch news-competitor, Wednesday, February 19, 1969 Wanamaker and his family. One of the fruits Lavor K. Chaffin, education editor of the of this meeting is a charming portrait of Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, with sin­ other Salt Lake City daily newspaper, cere regret I report to my colleagues the "Miss Wanamaker" which was completed by Deseret News. I ask unanimous consent Munkacsy while still in New York. death of Dr. Alfonso DellaPietra, an that Mr. Chaffin's fine tribute, published orthopedic surgeon of international re­ John Wanamaker counted Munkacsy's in great Biblical works and several others in on February 12, be printed the RECORD. pute, who made his home at Middlebury, his possession among his most treasured There being no objection, the article Conn. He was a native and long-time holdings. According to his will, and the time­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, resident of Waterbury, Conn., and I knew honored custom of his firm, the two huge as follows: and admired him, not only as a surgeon canvases are hung facing each other in the A PERSONAL TRmUTE TO A FINE COMPETITOR Grand Court of the John Wanamaker store and a constituent, but also as a friend. in Philadelphia during the Lenten and Eas­ (By Lavor K. Chaffin) Dr. DellaPietra's devoted service to his ter season, for these masterpieces are "as in­ This writer, Utah educators and both the patients will be his living memorial. In separable as cause and e1fect." schools and the people they serve lost a good the words of the Waterbury, Conn., After his tour in the United States and friend this week with the death of William American "What Dr. DellaPietra did for other important stages in his artistic career, F. Smiley, Salt Lake Tribune Education his profession will live on in medical Munkacsy was elevated to the nobility by Editor. journals." Emperor Francis Joseph I (in his capacity Bill, as his friends knew him, was a vet­ as King of Hungary), was decorated twice eran newsman with a high standard of in­ He was only 51 years old when death with the Legion of Honor in France, and was tegrity. During the last decade or so his as­ claimed him and his loss will acutely also awarded other expressions of highest signment was to write about the schools. He affect thousands of people throughout recognition in Europe. However, he remained was a friend of education, but he also was a the world who quite properly placed always the same warm-hearted, well-inten­ critic with the courage to speak out when he their faith in his medical skill for their tioned man toward others as he ever was; thought criticism was necessary. well-being. Dr. DellaPietra was also well with his inquiring genius he turned toward He was accepted and respected nationwide known in Washington, D.C., having the humble and the needy, and while creat­ by the tough-minded professional reporters graduated from the Georgetown Medical ing with an unceasing urge and keeping who cover the school beat. He served a term abreast with the socially prominent in con­ on the executive committee of the Educa­ School in 1941. He had visited frequently temporary Paris, he did not forget to immor­ tion Writers Association, one of the few in Washington. talize in his paintings the lonely, the poor, westerners to do so. Mr. Speaker, the Waterbury, Conn., the underprivileged, whose millions became Bill and I were very strong competitors, American commented editorially on the exposed for the first time in history to the but we also were very good friends. Because unfortunate death of Dr. DellaPietra global challenge of ideas demanding drastic we often were assigned by our respective and with your permission I include the changes in the social and economic struc­ papers to cover the same events, we spent a ture. The painter listened to the inquiring lot of time together. We covered the same editorial here: mind of the self-made man and the under­ stories in almost every sizable city and town DR. ALFONSO DELLAPIETRA standing heart of the religious personality in Utah. We also covered events with Utah Thousands of people in many parts of the in Munkacsy, and his works on such subjects interests in Chicago, Detroit, Denver, Santa world who were aided by the medical skill of as "The Strike" (1895), as well as his earlier Fe, Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Dr. Alfonso DellaPietra are deeply affected by ones like the "Yawning Apprentice" (1868), other cities across the nation. his sudden passing. Thousands of others who "Nocturnal Tramps" (1873), "Pawn Shop" We often helped each other-in the man­ were exposed to his humanitarian nature, his (1874), and others closely related to his own ner that opposing basketball players help unbounded energy and gentleness in aiding humble beginnings in his native Hungary each other to rise from a fall. Because it the sick or downtrodden, his over-abundant point in the direction of general interest and often was impossible for one individual to generosity, his selflessness as far as his ortho- 4060 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 pedic practice was concerned share in the Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ From the standpoint of attracting quali­ sadness that follows his untimely death. sent that the editorial, entitled "A Week fied men to perform the important adminis­ Dr. DellaPietra was devoted to his family, To Remember," be printed in the Exten­ trative functions of government, the Presi­ to his church, to the hospital which he served dent's bagging of Kelley is an achievement. so faithfully in various medical capacities. sions of Remarks. There is no question of Kelley's qualifica­ Virtually every patient he had became an There being no objection, the editorial tions. His work at Caterpillar in the civilian admirer and a loyal friend. His personal good was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, manpower field was of such a character that nature and sympathetic understanding sup­ as follows: more than a few observers have felt he one planted his orthopedic skill and supplied A WEEK TO REMEMBER day probably would be sitting in the presi­ added therapy for the patient who felt par­ dent's chair at Caterpillar. The week of February 15 to 22 has been ticular pain or depression. His pleasing per­ set aside as National Future Fan:ners of It is no easy task to get such a man to sonality and the special charm. he had America Week. The theme of this observance sever his company connection and accept a equalled his outstanding ability as a surgeon. is "FFA-An Opportunity For Youth., The sub-cabinet post in any federal administra­ He taught the science and art of ortho­ tion. Kelley may be one of the top 100 men pedic surgery in Jordan and Brazil and to Future Farmers of America is a national organization of high school students studying in the Nixon administration, but his pay visiting physicians from many nations as well vocational agriculture in our public schools. will be considerably less than Caterpillar of­ as at many universities. Yet he never accepted It is an educational, no-profit, nonpolitical fers, his future will be uncertain, and his job the full credit he deserved !or the near mir­ organization of, by and for these students. will be immeasurably more difficult. acles he performed in the operating room. "I The foundation upon which it is built in­ It is good news that Roger Kelley is willing didn't do it. It's Nature that did the heal­ cludes leadership, character development, to put aside his career for the interest of the ing," he would say when a patient thanked sportsmanship, cooperation, community serv­ nation. This fact says something not only him !or being able to walk, or bend, or work ice, thrift, scholarship, improved agriculture, about Kelley and his family, which obvi­ again. organized recreation, citizenship and patri­ ously goes along with him, but also about the Dr. DellaPietra always advocated think­ otism. The FFA itself does not make its Nixon administration itseU. ing big. He promoted big projects for St. members outstanding, but, instead, provides FIGHTER AG.uNST PREJUDICE Mary's Hospital. He urged big planning for the opportunity for them to excel, grow and the community. He himself thought big as Until Kelley's nomination was made, few become outstanding. Young people in FFA of us here in Peoria had much first-hand far as supplying the best medical equipment learn the meaning of local initiative. Local and care for his patients is concerned. knowledge of the quality of the team Presi­ FFA chapters provide the strength of the dent Nixon was putting together. We had What Dr. DellaPietra did for his profes­ organization. In the local chapters student sion wtll live on in medical journals. He only a feeling that the scarcity of recogniz­ officers and members develop into agricul­ able "political" names meant that Nixon was shared his knowledge of orthopedics, and the tural leaders. new techniques he developed, with anyone serious about his pledge to get the best men As long as we have youth organizations available, and now the Kelley nomination in the medical world who was interested. The such as the FFA, we may rest assured that medical knowledge and surgical skills he serves to reinforce that feeling. the violence and lawlessness of the dissenters, From the standpoint of assessing the action helped to bring to under-developed nations whose only aim is destruction, will represent and other foreign lands will help thousands we may expect from the Nixon administra­ the acts of a minority-and a small minority tion in the field of human rights, Kelley's of people of many generations to come. at that. The Roman Catholic Church honored him selection is a strong contradiction of some of !or his humanitarian service. Many organiza­ the stories we've seen out of Washington tions made special awards to him. There is Which predict a relaxation of federal effort on probably no greater tribute or one given ROGER KELLEY, MAN FOR A JOB that score. with greater feeling, however, than that in We must assume that Roger Kelley's repu­ the heart-felt "thank you" expressed by the tation as a fighter against the prejudice countless patients whom he freed from pain HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL which so bleeds our society was made known and crippling amictions. to the President. Kelley's efforts here not OF XLLINOIS only brought great credit to Caterpillar, but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more importantly his personal initiative has NATIONAL FUTURE FARMERS OF challenged other individuals and institutions AMERICA WEEK Wednesday, February 19, 1969 in this area to face up to their opportuni­ ties to contribute to the solution of the Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, needless racial problem. We expect Kelley's transfer HON. STROM THURMOND to say, I was extremely pleased with the to the Washington scene will not cause him election of Richard Nixon to the Presi­ to be less interested in this vital problem, OF SOUTH CAROLINA dency and my pleasw·e has been en­ and we can clearly see that he will be in a IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES hanced since his inauguration by the position to make particular improvements Wednesday, February 19, 1969 high quality and stature of the men the In the approach of the military establish­ President has chosen for the top jobs in ment. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, this From the standpoint of the very basic week, February 15 to 22, is National Fu­ his administration. military manpower problem which Presi­ ture Farmers of America Week. In my An excellent example of the high cali­ dent Nixon gave voice to last week-finding judgment, its theme-"FFA-An Oppor­ ber of these appointments was the Presi­ a way to eliminate the draft--we believe that tunity for Youth"-is a most fitting one, dent's nomination of my good friend and putting a man of Kelley's capabilities to for this organization does indeed pro­ fellow resident of my hometown, Mr. work on the problem is heartening. vide excellent opportunities for high Roger Kelley, for the position of Assist­ TO TAKE NEW APPROACH school students studying vocational agri­ ant Secretary of Defense for ~Ianpower. As we move toward the fourth decade of culture. Serving as a vice president of Caterpil­ continuous military conscription, only an lar Tractor Co., Mr. Kelley provided a older minority of our population knows how An editorial published in the Dor­ it was to grow up in a country where every chester Eagle-Record, St. George, S.C., significant contribution to the continuing healthy young man and his family did not on February 13, 1969, points out that the success and healthy growth of that com­ have to "worry about the draft." We feel as foundation upon which the organization pany which is known the world over. In President Nixon does that we ought to get is built "includes leadership, character addition, and even more importantly, Mr. back to some kind of normalcy on this score development, sportsmanship, coopera­ Kelley took an active part in civic affairs, as soon as the commitment in Vietnam allows tion, community service, thrift, scholar­ helping immeasurably to improve the it. ship, improved agriculture, organized quality of life in our community. Cer­ Defense Secretary Melvin R. Laird said tainly there is great truth in the asser­ Kelley will be directed "to initiate an imagi­ recreation, citizenship and patriotism." native new look at our total use of manpower The FFA itself, the editorial says, "does tion that Peoria's. loss is the country's resources, military and civilian. The objec­ not make its members outstanding but, gain. tive will be to eliminate any wasteful and instead, provides the opportunity for I am in complete agreement with an inefficient practices and procedures and to them to excel, grow, and become out­ editorial appearing in the February 6, devise and implement innovative programs to standing." 1969, edition of the Peoria Journal Star, achieve increased efficiency in the use of our The excellent editorial concludes that, entitled "Roger Kelley, Man for a Job," most precious resource, people." as long as such organizations as the and I insert the editorial in the RECORD That's a large order, but it is one which at this point: makes as much sense as any we have seen FFA exist, "We may rest assured that issued in Washington for a long time. Before the violence and lawlessness of the dis­ RoGER KELLEY, MAN FOR A JOB he took the job, Kelley knew this is what senters, whose only aim is destruction, President Nixon's nomination of Roger T. would be expected of him. By accepting the will represent the acts of a minority­ Kelley to be his assistant secretary of defense job, he accepted a great challenge. and a small minority at that." in charge of manpower is excellent news. We think Roger Kelley is equal to it. February 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE HUNGER PROBLEM AND HOW There being no objection, the article BOOST FROM UNCLE SAM ONE TOWN IS BEATING IT; SAN was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, The San Diego district got a big boost when DIEGO, TEX., AND SUPERINTEND- as follows: Congress passed a bill providing federal aid ENT TAYLOR to elementary and primary schools in 1965. THE HuNGER PROBLEM AND How ONE TowN Is Forty per cent of the federal money was­ BEATING IT and still is-used for the food and health SAN DIEGo, TEx.-Here in the desolate programs because school o11lc1als agree that HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH brush and range land of south Texa,s, a rural these are more important than additional OF TEXAS school district is waging a winning battle equipment or fancy teaching aids. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES against poverty and malnutrition. The dis­ "All along, it has been a matter of putting trict's children-99 per cent of them Mexican first things first," says a school-board offi­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 Americans-are being educated, nourished cial. with good food and kept in good health. In 1966, the district began its breakfast Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, The success of the San Diego Independent program, opening the school cafeteria early for some time now, the Senate Select School District has so impressed a committee in the morning and sending buses out to Committee on Nutrition and Human of the U.S. Senate that the district's program bring in students who need a good, warm Needs has been investigating the tragedy may serve as a model for attacking the mal­ breakfast. of malnutrition and hunger in America. nutrition that appears to be Widespread in "It was slow going at first," Mr. Taylor re­ Along with a great many other Sena­ America. calls. "Some students didn't eat much be­ tors, I worked for the creation of this San Diego, in Duval County, has been hit cause they weren't accustomed to getting very important committee so that the by the hard times that have come to much of breakfast. We had to educate the parents, the rural u.s. Both the town, with 4,795 too." Senate and the people of America might population, and the county, With 13,000, are Teachers and counselors went into homes get some idea of the extent and the na­ stagnant economically. to explain what the school was trying to do. ture of the malnutrition that plagues Many stores in San Diego have been closed Mothers were invited to come to the school our land. I have played an active role in so long that the wood used to board them up and talk to home-economics teachers about the very productive hearings that have 1s rotting. The small frame homes, weathered nutrition. been held to date. by the elements, need paint and repair. The program has gained wide acceptance On January 22, 1969, Dr. Arnold Some 60 per cent of the families live on less in homes of Duval County. In 1968, 93 per than $3,000 a year. A total of 461 families cent of the students ate both breakfast and Schaefer, of the Public Health Service, With children in school are on welfare. lunch at school. reported to the select committee some Job opportunities are practically nonexist­ Students are charged 15 cents for break­ preliminary :findings of the National ent. The school district itself is the major fast and 40 cents for lunch. The school gives Nutrition Survey that his agency is con­ employer. Many people work in nearby Alice free meals to those unable to pay. Their ducting in several States. On that day, or Kingsville, and some drive 50 miles to names are not made public. Many high-school we listened to a detailed medical analy­ jobs in Corpus Christi. There is no industry students are able to earn money for their sis of the nutritional status of 12,000 and little hope of getting any. meals by working in vocational and work­ American men, women, and children Ranching Is a tough proposition. There is study programs of the Neighborhood Youth so little rainfall that 20 acres of range land is Corps. who had been surveyed. The results were required to support one cow and calf. There startling-they compared with what BALANCED AND VAlUED DIET is a bit of oil produced in Duval County, but Menus, planned by the home-economics some of us might remember from the the total tax base comes to only 20 million dollars. teacher, are varied from day to day. A typical dust bowl era in America. They found day's fare goes like this: for breakfast, apple rickets, goiter, anemia, gum lesions, In an atmosphere that could well breed juice, sausage, biscuits and milk. For lunch, bowed legs, and other indications that frustration and despair, the San Diego school ham with pineapple, macaroni and cheese, the American people have a serious prob­ district is bringing hope to its younger gener­ buttered corn, green salad, gelatin, rolls and ation by providing the children With whole­ milk. lem of malnutrition. some food and caring for their health-free, Obviously we are concerned. Obviously Before a child enters kindergarten in San if a youngster's family cannot afford to pay. Diego, he comes to school for 15 months as the committee must take a hard look at Of the current school enrollment, in grades part of an expanded Head Start program. He 1 through 12, 1,600 are Mexican Americans. our efforts in the field of nutrition and is given a complete physical examination, in­ make recommendations for improve­ Only six are "Anglos." Three of these are cluding inoculations against common child­ ment. children of B. P. Taylor, the school superin­ hood diseases. tendent who directs the battle against mal­ Mr. President, there was only one nutrition. This spring, school o11lclals plan to experi­ happy moment in the days of hearings ment by offering 250 students an evening that we conducted. That moment was the FOOD FIRST, THEN BOOKS meal. Between the end of regular classes and "Our whole program," says Superintendent the evening meal, these students will spend testimony of Mr. B. P. Taylor, superin­ an extra hour studying English and gram­ tendent of schools in San Diego, Tex. Mr. Taylor, "is based on the philosophy that only a healthy child can be taught. If children are mar. Taylor discussed with us his uniquely to learn at the maximum rate, they cannot be "I know a lot of school people think I'm successful efforts to do battle against hungry or undernourished." :foolish to assume responsibility for the child poverty and malnutrition in his school To go back to the beginning of the San from 7 in the morning to 6 in the evening," district. His 1s a remarkable story-it Diego story, in 1959- says Superintendent Taylor, "but I think it may well be a model from which we all Mr. Taylor and his staff knew that hunger is up to us if the parents can't afford to buy can learn. was taking its toll especially in the primary enough food and they are Willing to trust us With their children." Mr. Taylor's philosophy-and the phi­ grades. Absenteeism was high. Many children were having to repeat the first grade. Results of this combined program of food, losophy of the community of San Diego, Some pupils brought a tortilla for lunch. health and education have been gratifying Tex.-is that "only a healthy child can Others would spend a dime for a bag of to the San Diego community. Attendance in be taught.'' With this in mind, Mr. Tay­ potato chips. Recalls one teacher: "There was school averages 95 per cent or better com­ lor and his dedicated staff have made just no color in their faces and you could see pared With around 80 per cent before the plan good health and good nutrition the first the drowsiness come long before noon." began. There were only 25 dropouts last year. priority in education. Despite limited funds, the San Diego school A MEDICAL APPRAISAlL I think that all members of the Senate board approved a modest beginning toward The San Diego plan was brought to na­ providing a better diet for its pupils. With Select Committee are impressed with Mr. tional attention on Jan. 23, 1969, in testimony the help of surplus commodities provided to by Mr. Taylor before the Senate Select Com­ Taylor's testimony. In the February 10, schools by the U.S. Department of Agricul­ mittee on Nutrition and Related Human 1969, edition of the U.S. News & World ture, a subsidized school lunch was started. Needs. Dr. Arnold E. Schaefer, of the U.S. Report, there 1s an article about this In 1962, the school board took a bold step Department of Health, Education, and Wel­ remarkable superintendent and the re­ for a community With so little wealth. A fare, visited this Texas community during a markable town of San Diego, Tex. So bond issue of 1.6 million dollars was fioated survey of hunger and malnutrition in low­ and the money used to build a 49-acre school income areas of 10 States. He told the Com­ that all Senators m.lgbt have an oppor­ campus, complete With air-conditioned build­ mittee: tunity to know of their efforts, I ask ings. "They [San Diego students) had the best unanimous consent that the article, "The By 1964, the school district had expanded teeth we have seen in any place we have sur­ Hunger Problem and How One Town Is its lunch program to all students and was veyed . . . the least number of decayed, un­ providing medical and dental checkups as & filled teeth. The blood biochemistries are Beating It.'' appearing In the U.S. News well. Follow-up aid was made available for completely different than what I presented World Report, be printed in the Exten­ those needing eyeglasses, corrective shoes, for the over-all picture of this survey. There sions of Remarks today. hearing aids, even tonsillectomies. were very few In the unacceptable level." 4062 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 San Diego school officials say parents, too, prepared by the Metropolitan Police Depart­ The citizens of the Greater Cincinnati are learning from this novel plan, showing ment, showed that as many as one person in area are very proud that Barry Flamm, more interest in the quality of food and the three commits a new crime whlle on bail. a former Cincinnatian, achieved so high medical treatm.ent their children get at We cited the police study as evidence of a home. clear need to tighten existing bail regula­ an honor and award. His record was ex­ Students themselves take pride in their ap­ tions. Subsequently, the Department of tremely meritorious, and I would like to pearance. A visitor here notes that few of Justice, in a critique of the Police Depart­ extend my congratulations to him and them have long, unkempt hair. Most are ment's analysis, found "several errors" in the to his family. neat in their dress even though, says one method by which the data were collected and teacher, some have only one set of clothes to said that the police study "should be con­ wear to school. sidered carefully and with an understand­ How much does all this cost? The annual ing of its limitations." We agree. But we also ECONOMIC AND MONETARY POLI­ budget for the San Diego Independent School do not feel that the errors noted by the CIES AS VIEWED BY FIRST NA­ District is 1.3 million dollars. That covers Justice Department seriously undermine the TIONAL CITY BANK PRESIDENT everything, including teachers' salaries and basic argument for bail reform of a kind JOHN EXTER debt retirement. About a third of this comes which would permit deten t ion or encourage from State funds. Federal funds account for much closer supervision of defendants with $210,000. The balance is from local t axes. criminal records when there are reasonable HON. VANCE HARTKE MODEL FOR CITY SLUMS grounds for believing that their release on OF INDIANA b ail would endanger society. Mr. Taylor believes the San Diego approach Th e police study said that of 130 persons IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES would work in slums of big cit ies. He says: indicted for armed robbery (armed with a Wednesday, February 19, 1969 "It would take a little more time of the gun) during the 1967 fiscal year, 45 of them school staff, a little more dedication, and a Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, the sen­ lot more money. You can't just advertise (34.6 percent) were indicted at least a sec­ you are serving free meals. You have to go ond time for another felony, committed while ior vice president of thu First National and get the child, and sell his p arents on on bail during the subsequent fiscal year. City Bank of New York is Mr. John Exter, The Justice Department said that at least the program." who recently, in an interview distributed The San Diego plan, say local officials, fol­ some of the new indictments were for crimes by the Chicago Tribune Press Service, lows the prescription given in these words of committed before the suspect was released expressed his views on the monetary and Lyndon B. Johnson, reproduced on the wall and that some of the indictments were mere­ ly refinements of the original charge. The economic problems we face. of the school library: Justice Department also said that the police Mr. Exter believes that in:tlation is "In a land of wealth, families must not to live in poverty. In a land rich in harvest, study's statistical sample was only for the likely get worse because of the "ex­ chlldren must not go hungry. In a land of crime of robbery committed with a gun, an pansionary monetary policy" of the Fed­ healing Iniracles, neighbors must not suffer act most often committ ed by hardened eral Reserve, a policy which he believes and be unattended." criminals. has become "locked in' 'so that it cannot That is the nub of the argument for tighter be halted until "market forces" bring bail policies. Whatever measure is used, there is relationship between the gravity of about its discontinuance. the crime and the possibility of its repeti­ Because of the value of these views, NUMBERS GAME tion. It is that relationship that makes it and of Mr. Exter's interpretation of the imperative for a judge to evaluate a record of monetary policies of France and Ger­ conviction for crimes of violence or for vio­ many, I ask unanimous consent that the HON. CHESTER L. MIZE lation of probation when considering bail interview by Eliot Janeway, as published OF KANSAS for an accused person. It is unfortunate that in the Chicago Tribune of December 5, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Police Department study contained er­ 1968, be printed in the RECORD. rors. But they do not alter the demonstrable Wednesday, February 19, 1969 need for a careful revision of the Bail Re­ There being no objection, the inter­ form Act. view was ordered to be printed in the Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, the Wash­ RECORD, as follows: ington Post on February 11 published a thoughtful editorial supporting careful IN WORLD MONEY CRISIS SOMETHING HAS To revision of the Bail Reform Act of 1966. BARRY R. FLAMM RECEIVES GIVE The editorial noted widespread error in FLEMMING AWARD (By Eliot Janeway) various published accounts of the recidi­ NEw YORK, December 4.-The world may or vist rate for felonies in the District of may not be headed toward another 1929, but HON. DONALD D. CLANCY it does seem to be teetering on the brink of Columbia. OF OHIO international currency convulsions that un­ When I introduced H.R. 6253, a bill IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES did the prosperity of the 1920s. The prognosis permitting pretrial detention of accused for our international political economy felons who, in the opinion of the presid­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 hinges on the race between inflation and pro­ ing judge, would be a threat to the safety Mr. CLANCY. Mr. Speaker, I want to ductivity, and the latest crisis in France has of the community, I was not aware of bring to the attention of the House the put every country on notice of what to ex­ this divergence and error in the reported pect when inflation outruns productivity. fact that Barry R. Flamm, son of William For a current reading of how the race is statistics. Flamm, of Cincinnati, was recently going in America and abroad, this column Whether the recidivist rate is ap­ selected as one of the 10 outstanding men sought counsel from John Exter, senior vice proaching 40 percent as the District of in Government service in 1968. The selec­ president of the prestigious First ~tiona! Columbia crime rate escalates, or tions committee, whose chairman was City bank. whether the rate is around 10 percent, Justice Marshall, nominated Mr. Flamm JANEWAY. What do you think will result as some new figures seem to indicate, is from the present international money crisis? for the Arthw· S. Flemming award. ExTER. The whole international monetary irrelevant. As Director of the U.S. Agency for In­ In either case, the rate is unacceptable, system is now subject to enormous strains. ternational Development's Forestry Di­ At some point something will have to give. and legislation must be enacted to per­ vision in Vietnam for the past 2 years, I don't know exactly which link will snap mit the Federal courts some latitude in Mr. Flamm has been helping to reestab­ first--perhaps the French franc, sterling, or detaining accused felons who clearly are lish wartorn villages and to teach modern the dollar-but I would still say the upvalua­ too dangerous to be permitted to roam agriculture techniques. tion of the Deutschemark is a possibllity. the streets. His father, William Flamm, one of JANEWAY. What is the argument for Ger­ Because of the special need for reliable Cincinnati, Ohio's retired assistant fire many to upvalue the mark? information on the extent and nature of ExTER. There is really no good argument. chiefs was present at the junior chamber Yet the market could force it. The upward the crime threat in Washington, I insert of commerce ceremony in Washington on pressure on the mark really reflects the weak­ the Post editorial in the REcoRD at this February 13, 1969, when the award was ness of the franc, sterling, and the dollar­ point: mostly the dollar. As long as the German NUMBERS GAME presented. Young Flamm, like his father, turned central bank buys our dollars by the bil­ There are several sets of statistics being llons--2 billion dollars in a single recent used to buttress various arguments for firefighter near Saigon when several vil­ week-and does not use them to buy our amending the Bail Reform Act. Some of the lages were set afire. He organized a group gold, the market pressure will be stronger figUres, for example, show that as few as of helicopter crews that ferried large on the mark than on gold. If the mark should one person in ten who has been released on buckets of water and doused the :flames go up, gold will be cheaper in marks, and bail commits another crime. An other study, from the air. the :m.a.Tket will then buy gold. Germany's . - - Februiry 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS central bank could avoid all this by becom­ public record, I think it becoming and There being no objection, the article ing expansionary, but it won't. Germany is proper to have printed in the RECORD was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, exceptionally afraid of inflation-twice with­ accomplishments of gallantry and brav­ as follows: in the lives of many Germans the mark has been wiped out. The main goal of the central ery of our young people when they are A KEY MONEY MAN VIEWS THE NATION'S bank is therefore to maintain price stability called upon to serve their country. ECONOMY and the gold parity of the Deutschemark. The Silver Star was awarded to Alfred (By Milt Freudenheim) Buying gold rather than dollars would help D. Fletcher in Vietnam, and the reason NEw Yo&K.-David Rockefeller, one of the achie..ve this by shifting market pressure from for the award is listed in the citation world's most influential money men, favors upvaluation of the mark in gold to devalua­ which follows: a slowdown in Federal spending for the space tion of the dollar in gold. Also, the Germans DEPARTMENT OF THE AaMY, program, highways and farm subsidies. would be holding something with real scar­ HEADQUARTERS, 25TH INFANTRY DIVISION, These are the priorities on his list to city value. The dollars they hold are paper San Francisco, October 9, 1968. strengthen the U.S. economy, slow inflation dollars, and they do not want more, because and bolster the world position of t-he dollar. this involves risk-if the mark were upvalued AWARD OF THE SILVER STAR Rockefeller, 53, could have had a Cabinet or the dollar devalued, they would lose as 1. TC 320. The following award is an­ job in the Nixon Administration. But he holders of sterling did a year ago. nounced. made known his desire to stay in New York JANEWAY. Do you think that in the end Fletcher, Alfred D. 05339391 (SSAN: 513- where :::J.e is moving to board chairman and the franc won't be devalued? 44-1895), first lieutenant, Infantry, U.S. head of the executive committee of Chase ExTER. The Bank of France, which is small­ Army, Company A, 3d Battalion, 22d Infantry, Manhattan Bank, the world's second largest er than the largest of our 12 federal reseTVe 25th Infantry Division. in deposits. banks, has engaged in what is probably the Awarded: Silver Star. Rockefeller also believes that unemploy­ largest central bank credit expansion in his­ Date action: 29 February 1968. ment has to rise, although the increase tory in a comparable period of time--and Theater: Republic of Vietnam. should be "moderate" and "temporary." also suffered the largest reserve loss. Since Reason: For gallantry in action: First He sees an increase in the jobless total as May, they have expanded their own credit by Lieutenant Fletcher distinguished himself by part of the price that must be paid to curb about 6 billion dollars. Our 12 federal reserve heroic actions on 29 February 1968, while inflation. banks together in the last year have ex­ serving as a platoon leader with Company A, But he believes that government and busi­ panded their credit by about 8 blllions. 3d Battalion, 22d Infantry in the Republic of ness must step up their effort to train and In my opinion, the French authorities Vietnam. During a reconnaissance in force hire "hard-core" unemployed--especially overreacted to the shock or the events in mission through an area of dense vegetation, young Ne[;roes in the cities. May and have engaged in far more monetary Lieutenant Fletcher's leading element came WAR'S IMPACT expansion than they needed. Now, apparent­ under intense fire from well concealed enemy ly, they think so too, because they are at positions. Lieutenant Fletcher fearlessly Furthermore, he doesn't expect serious last trying to stop. If they do, they can save moved through the devastating enemy fire trouble from the economy when the Viet­ the franc, but at higher cost in unemploy­ and evacuated the wounded point man. With nam war ends. ment than With a devaluation. Only time complete disregard for his personal safety, Rockefeller put his finger on these crucial, will tell whether France will bear this cost. Lieutenant Fletcher moved forward and as­ sensitive spots in the economic outlook in President [Charles] de Gaulle had the oppor­ saulted one of the enemy fortifications, single an interview in his art-filled 17th floor of­ tunity to devalue dropped in his lap and de­ handedly killing all the enemy soldiers in fice at the Chase bank. cided not to take it. their bunker. Although he was wounded, This platform at Chase, plus the backing JANEWAY. Do you think there is any pros­ Lieu tenant Fletcher assaulted another enemy of the Rockefeller family's estimated $4 bil­ pect of containing inflation in this country? position and succeeded in destroying the lion fortune, makes him a leading candidate EXTER. I "think inflation will get worse for enemy fortification. His valorous actions con­ for the unofficial title of "Chairman of the a while, because I am afraid that the federal tributed immeasurably to the successful com­ Board of the American Establishment." reserve is now locked into an expansionary pletion of the mission and the defeat of the David Rockefeller's brothers are Nelson, monetary policy that it dares not stop. We enemy force. Lieutenant Fletcher's personal governor of New York, Winthrop, governor take our eye off the ball when we try to bravery, aggressiveness, and devotion to duty of Arkansas; John D. 3d, builder of the Lin­ Judge monetary policy by interest rates. If are in keeping With the highest traditions of coln Center culture complex in New York, interest rates go up we call it tight money. the military service and reflect great credit and Laurance, conservationist and new-ven­ In fact, the federal reserve, despite the high­ upon himself, his unit, the 25th Infantry ture specialist. er level of rates, is creating its own credit Division, and the United States Army. Against a muted background of traffic faster than ever. The treasury in the first Authority: By direction of the President horns echoing outside on Chase Manhattan half of next year might go into a cash sur­ under the provisions of the Act of Congress, Plaza., Rockefeller, a. Ph. D. in economics plus. And yet the federal reserve will be approved 9 July 1918, and USARV message from the University of Chicago, folded his compelled to go on creating its credit faster 16695, 1 July 1966. six feet of height onto a sofa and replied to than ever-but not to pay the government's GoRDON SuMNER, Jr., questions. bills. It is afraid of the consequences of de­ Colonel, GS, Chief of Staff. Q. Do you think there is likely to be ·an­ celerating, afraid of throwing the economy For the Commander: other dollar crisis this year? into a recession and getting blamed for it. Official: A. Well, I must say I don't think you can JANEWAY. How long will this continue? W. F. FAUGHT, rule it out as a possibility. But I think that ExTER. I don't think that it is practical LTC, AGC, Adjutant General. the position of the dollar is a great deal politics to think that anyone will take the stronger than it was six months ago. There's responsibility for discontinuing it, so I am As long as we have young men like no question about that. inclined to think that events, market forces, Alfred D. Fletcher serving our country in Whereas nine months ago there was a real will eventually discontinue it. its highest tradition, we as Americans can crisis of confidence in the dollar around the JANEWAY. Do you think there is a clear hold our heads high and be certain of world, I think the combination of our tax awareness of the difference between changes our Nation's image, stature, and security. bill and the troubles in France served to in interest rates and changes in the money change that very dramatically. supply? The result is that today the dollar is very ExTER. No. We worry too little about rising much in demand, and of course there's a interest rates. ffigher interest rates have to tremendous flow of long term investment be paid out of rising productivity. Our pro­ DAVID ROCKEFELLER VIEWS THE into this country. ductivity is not nearly that high, so interest NATION'S ECONOMY Q. But do you feel, sir, that we have our can only be paid thru more inflationary fi­ house in order, on our domestic economy? nancing. As monetary expansion continues A. No. I think we've taken the first steps. domestic prices rise, and as prices rise this HON. HUGH SCOTT I think that the new team in the Treasury is absolutely first rate. inflationary rise gets built into the structure OF PENNSYLVANIA of interest rates. This cannot go on indefi­ Q. Of course we have a Chicago man in nitely. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Treasury secretary David Kennedy. Wednesday, February 19, 1969 A. He ·was a candidate of mine: But to answer your question: Have we put our AWARD OF THE SILVER STAR Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, on Febru­ house in order? We have not yet dealt with ary 9, the Philadelphia Inquirer pub­ inflation. And although our balance of pay­ lished an interview with David Rocke­ ments appears superficially to be much im­ HON. ALVIN E. O'KONSKI feller, president of the Chase Manhattan proved, we haven't yet dealt with the most OF WLSCONSIN Bank, on the Nation's economy. fundamental aspect which is our trade bal­ ance, which has continued to decline. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRES~NTATIVES I felt that the views of Mr. Rockefel­ So until we get our inflation down to a ler would be of interest to Senators, so Wednesday, February 19, 1969 -very minimum, · manageable am:ount--which I ask unanimous consent that the article I would hope would be under 2 percent, and :Mr: O'KONSKI. ID. Speaker, siilce the by Milt Freudenheim be printed in the until we improve our trade balance (what is deliberations of Congress are a matter of RECORD. called the current account), I don't think 4064 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1969 we ca.n ·feel comfortable about our situa­ success, hopefully, bringing these bard-core perience as a farmer and a member of tion. people in? the County Agricultural Stabilization TAX AND SURTAX A. I suppose what it means is that there's Committee. Q. Regarding the inftation, are you sug­ a little bit more time between jobs, that Mr. LANGEN is in great demand to ad­ gesting that the 10 percent surtax should kind of thing ... that the turnover period dress meetings of agricultural producers go on for at least into the next fiscal year? is not quite as rapid as it is now. because of his grasp of the problem fac­ A. In effect, yes. It's very hard for me to Q. Are you saying that this is such a big see how the situation could change sufficient­ economy that there is room for a few rough ing U.S. producers. ly between now and the middle of the year edges in that machinery? He most recently addressed the 16th A. Right. I'm afraid we bad three years of annual farm forum at Spokane, Wash., to justify removing the surtax. considerable infiation, and I'm afraid that Q . What about agitation in Congress to and I am submitting a summary of his increase the tax burden on upper-bracket it's not possible to eliminate that, without statements so that my colleagues can some price. incomes? And the price means the slowing down of also gain from his keen observations: A. Well, certainly from a political point of SUMMARY STATEMENT view, it is appealing. But the importance the rate of growth of the economy, and some moderate increase on a temporary basis in "Agriculture, this nation's largest indus­ from a revenue point of view of the (fed­ the percentage of unemployment. eral) income that could be derived if you try, must be treated With the same respect took 100 percent of the highest brackets Q. Do you think Federal spending on prob­ and economic concern as the other great in­ lems of the cities and poverty must be in­ dustries in the United States," said Congress­ would be minimal. creased, despite anti-infiation priorities to man Odin Langen (7th Dist., Minn.) today It really would be insignificant ... it has hold down the Federal budget? political appeal. but from a purely tax point before the Sixteenth Annual Pacific North­ A. I'm certainly very much in favor of care­ west Farm Forum. "If agriculture is allowed of view, I don't think it's that important. fully developed and selected programs in Q . This might be an indiscreet question. to operate in its present economic climate for terms of job training, education and aid to any continuing length of time," he said, "the Of course there are no indiscreet questions, construction of housing for the lower in­ only indiscreet answers. But what about the very basis for America's strength will be in come groups. jeopardy." agitation regarding the oil depletion allow­ These are the three areas that particularly Langen, who serves in Congress on the ance and the tax setup for oil income? need help. But I don't think we can afford Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee, A. Well, that's quite different. There, the unlimited expenditure. tax that could be derived would perhaps be cited statistics that showed U.S. Agriculture Q. Would you include on that list tax relief leading the next eleven largest industries by more significant, although I honestly don't for businesses that are doing a lot in a train­ know exactly what it would mean. a substantial margin. "Agriculture ranks first ing way or are building special plants in the in the total number of workers employed, I think that there it is a question of what inner city locations? one thinks is good policy in terms of the de­ first in the amount of money expended each A. I think there are instances where tax year for equipment, and first in total assets," velopments of our petroleum resources. abatement can be a useful tool. Obviously If we don't think it's important to main­ he said. "Those assets, or investment, now one has to use it sparingly, or else you lose total $281-billion, which is more than any tain our known reserves of oil, why, then, a your source of revenue. very easy way to eliminate those reserves is to combination of six out of the next eleven largest industries. However, the alarming eliminate the depletion amount. If we do DEFENSE BUDGET statistic is that gross sales in agriculture think it's important to maintain them, then Q. How do you feel about the defense depletion (allowance) is naturally the essen­ budget? amount to only a little over 17% of its assets, compared to an average of the next tial thing. A. Of course, hope'fully, the war in Viet­ nam will come to an end, and this should eleven largest industries of 10'7 % of their SPACE BUDGET total assets." Q. Would you stretch out-that is, slow bring some significant relief. down-spending in the space budget, for ex­ But I'm afraid we can't look for drastic THE REAL CAUSE OF AGRICULTURE'S DILEMMA ample? cutbacks in the general defense budget at "We have heard many reasons for agri­ A. I would be inclined to look at that area the present time. I'm afraid that the action culture's problems," said Langen, "such as pretty bard. And I think probably some of of the Soviets in Czechoslovakia and the Mid­ surpluses, government programs that haven't the highway programs-again they could be dle East and the Mediterranean and else­ done what they ought to, exports, imports, stretched out. They're certainly important, where is an indication that we're not yet at inadequate markets, infiation, high costs of but probably less urgent than some others. the point where we can look for a major cut­ production, labor costs and the like. All are I'm sure a lot could be done in the field back. important, but the main cause of agricul­ of agricultural price supports. Economically, Q . How do you see the problem of adjust­ ture's current problems is simply a matter of this would certainly be desirable. Whether it's ing the economy, when the Vietnam war an inadequate price to meet the continually politically possible is another question. budget is phasing out? groWing costs of production. American agri­ Q. How du you weigh the priorities of full A. I don't anticipate that being an a-cute culture is currently operating on a deficit employment and infiation? problem, or one that would be of long du­ basis, a technique attempted by the Federal A. At the present time we have over-em­ ration. I think I have seen the figure that it Government, but hardly a workable plan for ployment in many respects, particularly in would involve a readjustment of the labor an individual farm." the skilled trades. There's a real shortage of force, something on the order of 2 percent. Langen, serving his sixth consecutive term people-we feel that in the bank. We have This is hard on the 2 percent, but this in Washington, noted the growth of farm hundreds of unfilled requisitions for people. isn't a sufficiently large number so as to indebtedness, or mortgages against the agri­ Q. What does that mean in bank terms­ cause general disruption in the economy. So cultural production unit, as evidence of op­ economists? I think this need not be a serious thing for erating the farm economy on a deficit basis .. A. No, just typists, computer operators, us. "Farm debt has increased from $23% billion and so forth. Indeed ... it could be a little bit helpful in 1960 to $50 billion today, or a rate of about in sloWing up the pace of the economy and 10 percent a year, while income bas remained I think that an easing up of the economy helping us cut back during the process of would take the pressure off the employment almost constant. Farmers now pay more than readjustment. $1 Y:z billion extra Itn interest each year on market, and I think we're going to see some Q. Do you see the gross national product increase in unemployment as we measure it. that indebtedness than they did in 1960. going up over $1 trillion? (It was $860 bil­ Eight years ago interest paid by farmers was My guess is that when the figure gets below lion for 1968.) 4 percent (it bas ranged around 3.3 percent an amount equal to 11.6 percent of ·his net A. Oh, I think it will, in a year or 18 income; today it is almost 20 percent, and lately), that the pressures of infiation are months. apt to be very great. the average mortgage on a per farm basis But that is not to say that we shouldn't has risen by more than $6,000." continue to work With that portion of the Representative Langen wondered out loud population which is unemployed and which, AGRICULTURE MUST BE TREATED if any of the next largest U.S. industries for all intents and purposes, now are unem­ LIKE BIGGEST INDUSTRY IT IS, could have survived under such conditions. ployable. SAYS CONGRESSMAN LANGEN "Take the automotive industry, or the textile JOB TURNOVER industry," he said. "If their indebtednel'fS had risen by 10 percent a year while income re­ Q. You are speaking of Negro~s. bard­ HON. JOHN M. ZWACH mained the same, we would have heard dire core ...? forecasts of. a great economic recession. ~· Yes. Essentially the groups with the OF MINNESOTA Frankly, the very same thing can well result largest percentage of unemployment are peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES if we continue to ignore the facts surround­ ple under 25, Negro, and in the large cities. Wednesday, February 19, 1969 ing the dir~tion of our largest industry, And I think we should do a lot of work agriculture." With them and bring them into the labor Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, one of our force. But this is something entirely apart SITUATION CAN BE CORRECTED from monetary and fiscal policy. . best informed men in Congress about the "It. certainly is not necessary to let agri­ Q. I'm trying to think concretely. Who are farm program is my colleague from Min­ culture drift down its present path,"- said going to be the unemployed when you go nesota (Mr. LANGEN). He has served as Langen. "All of us interested in agriculture, up a couple of percentage points t o over 4 chairman of the Republican task force our farmers, our people engaged · in agri­ percent? Who will they be if you're haYing on f! gr'cu!ture and h as had practical ex- bu siness, and especially the consumer, must February ··20,- 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4065 be alerted to these facts and realities if. we "The Congress, where farm laws and poli­ We found them to be enthusiastic, with a are to continue to be the best fed nation at cies are formulated, remains much the same keen interest, not only in underprivileged the lowest per income-dollar cost in the in composition as the preceding Congress," children, but with the aged, the blind, fam­ world." said Langen, "so the basic decisions on the ilies on low income and shut-ins. They have WOULD CONSUMER PRICES, EXPORT MARKETS, direction agriculture will take in the future worked well under supervision and have given BE THREATENED? must come from people like you, at meetings countless hours of joy to the very young, the like this. Your concerns and your decisions very old and those in between. "There seems to be some fear that an at­ must be conveyed to the White House, the They have furnished transportation for tempt to strengthen farm income would Congress and the American public. We who children to and from parties which they hel~ result in undesirable prices of food at the believe that American Agriculture should re­ for children of all ages at Christmas time, grocery store, or that we would lose some of ceive a fair return for the contribution it for Valentine's Day, and at Easter. our foreign markets," noted Langren. "But makes to the nation must have the unani­ They have taken children on nature hikes, neither fear is valid." mous support of every agricultural interest, picnics, to ball games and to movies. Even Langen used the s'ugar industry as an ex­ whether farms, agri-business, farm organi­ held a story hour at the Public Library. They ample of better farm prices without much zations, small towns, or what have you. have tutored children and in m any instances effect on consumers. "Since 1960, the price "We either stand together, or witness each h ave collected clothing and even purchased to the sugarbeet farmer has gone up 23 per­ segment of America's largest industry fall new clothing. They have shown a great in­ cent, his gross income has almost doubled, in turn," concluded Mr. Langen. "If we expect terest in the deaf children. and his net profit per acre has increased by Congress to face the challenge, we must first They have entertained children and some­ 20 percent while production doubled. But face it ourselves, as a united industry." times families in their sorority and frater­ the price of a pound of sugar on the grocery nity houses. shelf increased by only about half a penny. They have visited the blind, read to them, "Wheat prices, on the contrary, fell about KENT STATE UNIVERSITY STU­ t aken them for walks and, in many instances, 40 percent since 1962, down to just $1.24 these DENTS VOLUNTEER THEIR SERV­ these visits have been the blind persons' only days. But the low price failed to increase our contact with the outside world. foreign markets for wheat. In fact, our low ICES They have visited the shut-ins, taken them prices had the reverse effect, forcing foreign magazines, plants, cookies and scented soap. nations to increase import fees to protect They have done household chores for them, their own farmers. HON. J. WILLIAM STANTON such as mowing the lawn, shoveling snow, "If wheat had increased by the same 23 OF OHIO washing windows, turning rugs, putting up per cent in price that sugar beets experienced, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES curtain rods, and small repair jobs around a bushel of wheat today would be $2.50," said the house, even to spring housecleaning. Langen. "What a boon that would have been Wednesday, February 19, 1969 They have adopted families, remembering for rural America! It wouldn't have hurt our Mr. STANTON. Mr. Speaker, in this them on birthdays, often baby-sitting while exports, and the effect on the consumer day of revolt and rebellion on the cam­ another group took the mother out for an would have been very little since the wheat evening's entertainment. They have collected in a loaf of bread constitutes only a bout 10 puses across the country, it is refresh­ canned food on many occasions, hundreds per cent of the cost." ing and reassuring to read confirmation of cans, helped in sorting, packing and de­ AGRICULTURE HAS EARNED CONSIDERATION of a fact that we sometimes lose sight of: livering food baskets. Congressman Langen said that U.S. Agri­ the overwhelming majority of today's It is from this source that much of our culture and Rural America have earned our college students are productive, contrib­ volunteer help has come, from these young attention and consideration. "Our farmers uting citizens. The letter below pays well­ men and women, who are concerned with have forged the best production story of any deserved tribute to the students at Kent those less fortunate, who take time out of industry in this nation, increasing crop pro­ State University in my district for their their busy schedules to give to others. I am duction per man hour by some 148 per cent in sure their lives are enriched from t hese countless hours of volunteer activity in experiences and the recipients of their good the past 20 years and livestock production by conjunction with community service pro­ 149 percent. Every American has been the deeds are indeed grateful. · beneficiary of qu-ality foods, ample supplies, grams in Kent, Ohio. It has been heartwarming to work wit h better packaged foods, and at a cost of a little The letter follows: these young, thoughtful, students who have over 177'2 cents out of every income dollar, (From the Record-Courier, Feb. 10, 1969] such a keen concern for others and who use the lowest percentage in the world. With 82 Y2 their time and effort in such a meaningful RETmiNG WELFARE DmECTOR CITEs KENT way. They have helped to make our organi­ cents left to the consumer to spend on other STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' SERVICE items, ·the farmer thus becomes the· real im­ zation more humane and far reaching. They DEAR Sm: Before I leave my office as execu­ petus behind the expansion of our other have given a personal touch that we could great industries." tive director of The Kent Welfare and Visit­ not accomplish because of time and limited ing Nurse Association, I wish to publicly ex­ staff. THE CONGRESS AND THE NEW ADMINISTRATION press my appreciation and praise to the stu­ So I salute the students of Kent State "It is still too early to tell what suggestions dents of Kent State University who have de­ University who do care E.bout ot hers and who or proposals will come from the new Adminis­ voted hours of service to our agency through do something about it. tration," observed Langen. "There are encour­ the years. My hope is that you will continue to work aging signs, however, that more attention will They have come as individuals, in groups, with my successor in the same way. be paid to farm prices, and all of us interested from sororities, fraternities, residence halls, Mrs. ELIZABETH FOUST, in Agriculture must pursue that pressing and other organized groups on campus, re­ Executive Director, The Kent W elfar e concern. questing service projects. and Visi ting Nurse Association, Inc.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, February 20, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Grant that the remembrance of this Virginia (Mr. WAMPLER) to read George The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, great life may strengthen us and our Washington's Farewell Address. D.D., offered the following prayer: people to live and to labor for the free­ Mr. WAMPLER read the Farewell Ad­ dress as follows: Blessed is the nation whose God is the dom of all mankind. Thus may we ever Lord.-Psalm 33: 12. be one nation, under Thee, with liberty and justice for all. To the people of the United States. Our fathers' God, to Thee, author of FRIENDS AND FELLOW CITIZENS: The liberty, to Thee we pray; long may our We pray in the spirit of the Lord of Life. Amen. period for a new election of a citizen to land be bright with freedom's holy light; administer the executive government of protect us by Thy might, great God, ow; the United States being not far distant, King. THE JOURNAL and the time actually arrived when your In this temple of freedom we give Thee thoughts must be employed in desig­ thanks for the spirit and the service of The Journal of the proceedings of nating the person who is to be clothed our first President whom we affection­ yesterday was read and approved. with that important trust, it appears to ately call the Father of Our Country. We me proper, especially as it may conduce remember his courage in times of crisis, to a more distinct expression of the his fidelity during periods of adversity, GEORGE WASHINGTON'S public voice, that I should now apprise and his faith which made him bend his FAREWELL ADDRESS you of the resolution I have formed, to knees on frozen ground that he might The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the order decline being considered among the find strength and confidence to continue of the House of February 17, 1969, tJ:w number of those, out of whom a choic~ the struggle for independence. Chair recognizes the gentleman from is to be made.