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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication The windowpane oyster family Placunidae Rafinesque, 1815 with additional description of Placuna quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788) from India Rocktm Ramen Das, Vijay Kumar Deepak Samuel, Goutham Sambath, Pandian Krishnan, Purvaja Ramachandran & Ramesh Ramachandran 26 December 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 15 | Pages: 15061–15067 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5049.11.15.15061-15067 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. 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Partner Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 December 2019 | 11(15): 15061–15067 The windowpane oyster family Placunidae Rafinesque, 1815 with additional description of Placuna quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788) from India ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Short Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Rocktm Ramen Das 1 , Vijay Kumar Deepak Samuel 2 , Goutham Sambath 3 , Pandian Krishnan 4 , Purvaja Ramachandran 5 & Ramesh Ramachandran 6 PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 1–6 Natonal Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India. 1 Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan. 3 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author),3 [email protected], 4 [email protected], 5 [email protected], 6 [email protected] Abstract: The Bivalvia family Placunidae Rafnesque, 1815 in India is reviewed in this paper based on previous literature and records. Additonally, the species Placuna quadrangula is described from the Indian sub-contnent. Being an economically important family in this geographic region, this paper can be regarded as a baseline for further ecological, management and policy-related studies pertaining to Placunidae and other exploited species. Keywords: India, Placuna quadrangula, Placunidae, Taxonomy. Abbreviatons: ANI—Andaman & Nicobar Islands | GOM—Gulf of Mannar | GOK—Gulf of Kutch | MBRC—Marine Biological Research Centre | NZC—Natonal Zoological Collectons | PB—Palk Bay | GBR— Great Barrier Reef | QGIS—Quantum Geographic Informaton System | ZSI—Zoological Survey of India | RUMF—Ryukyu University Museum, Fujukan. The family Placunidae Rafnesque, 1815 is comprised of the genera Placunanomia and Placuna, the later with seven accepted living species (Huber 2010). Distributed mostly within the Indo-West Pacifc region DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5049.11.15.15061-15067 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6E29E0AB-3A16-47F0-BC36-6C9D89F54568 Editor: Anna Holmes, Natonal Museum Cardif, Cathays Park, UK. Date of publicaton: 26 December 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #5049 | Received 07 May 2019 | Final received 18 November 2019 | Finally accepted 01 December 2019 Citaton: Das, R.R., V.K.D. Samuel, G. Sambath, P. Krishnan, P. Ramachandran & R. Ramachandran (2019). The windowpane oyster family Placunidae Rafnesque, 1815 with additonal descripton of Placuna quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788) from India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(15): 15061–15067. htps://doi.org/10.11609/ jot.5049.11.15.15061-15067 Copyright: © Das et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: Natonal Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Govt. of India. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to Dr. C. Stella (Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area studies, Alagappa University, India) for providing informaton regarding Placuna ephippium. The comments provided by Dr. Graham Oliver (Natonal Museum Wales, Cardif, UK), Dr. Anna Holmes (Natonal Museum Wales, Cardif, UK) and Dr. Henk Dekker (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, The Netherlands) greatly improved this manuscript. RRD is grateful to the curator of Ryukyu museum, University of the Ryukyus and Kouri Shell Museum, Okinawa for providing access to Placuna samples. The Tamil abstract prepared by Dr. Lavanyaa Shri Goutham is acknowledged. 15061 Descripton of Placuna quadrangula from India Das et al. (Matsukuma 1987), the genus Placuna Lightoot, 1786 Systematics has a long documentary history, as it is commercially Order Pectnida Gray, 1854 exploited for pearl producton, food, lampshades and Superfamily Anomioidea Rafnesque, 1815 shell-craf items (Gallardo et al. 1995). From Indian Family Placunidae Rafnesque, 1815 waters, Placuna placenta (Linnaeus, 1758) (Image 1) Genus Placuna Lightoot, 1786 is the only species that has been thoroughly studied Placuna is monomyarian, with low umbones, due to its economic value (Laxmilatha 2015a). Placuna V-shaped crurae and pallial line, ofen obscured. Valves sella (Gmelin, 1791) now P. ephippium (Philipsson, circular to sub-circular and laterally compressed. All the 1788) was frst reported from the Andaman & Nicobar characters are common in the species observed from Islands, India by Prashad (1932), followed by Gulf of the Indian subcontnent, and a detailed species wise Mannar, southeastern coast of India (Rao & Dey 2000; descripton is given below. Venkataraman et al. 2004) and was later revised by Stella (2010) (Image 2) from the Mandapam coast (Adjacent to Placuna placenta (Linnaeus, 1758) GOM). Placuna ephippium is also exploited, especially (Image 1) in the Bay of Banate, Philippines and its surrounding Descripton: Shell thin, very fat, roughly circular or areas, and mainly known for its food value (Gallardo subcircular in shape, inequivalve, periostracum absent. 1994). Currently, as per published reports, two species Inner surface smooth, outer surface lamellate, growth of Placuna, P. ephippium and P. placenta are reported lines present. Transparent when juvenile, turning from the Indian coast (Rao 2017) (Image 3). In this study opaque with age. Lacking radial lines on the external we confrm the presence of a third species from India, surface. Crurae below the umbones, unequal in size, P. quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788). This paper further adductor muscle scar slightly anterior of midline. Pallial atempts to distnguish all three species from the Indian line obscure and non-sinuated. Specimen examined has coast based on morphology. a damaged or broken outline. Distributon: Extends from Gulf of Aden in the west Materials and Methods to Taiwan in the east (Matsukuma 1987; Huber 2010). Five valves of P. quadrangula were collected from three diferent locatons along the eastern coast of India Placuna ephippium (Philipsson, 1788) (Table 1). The collected dry specimens were cleaned Descripton: Shell saddle-shaped with curved and preserved in zip-lock covers for further assessment. dorsal margin without periostracum. Growth lines Identfcaton to species level was made based on the visible. External colour purple brown/brownish with characters provided by Lynge (1909) and Huber (2010). black shades to large red-purplish-blackish spots on Specimens were deposited in the Natonal Zoological the interior surface. Lacking radial lines on the external Collectons (NZC) repository in the Marine Biological surface. Crurae prominent, equal in size and wideset. Research Centre (MBRC), Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Single adductor muscle scar in the center of midline; Chennai. A single specimen of P. placenta deposited at purplish in colour. (ZSI/MBRC) was assessed additonally. Measurements Distributon: India to Australia (Matsukuma 1987; of specimens were recorded with Yuri Digital Calliper Huber 2010). 200x0.01mm. Study area map was created using QGIS Remarks: See Discussion. 3.6.3 Noosa. Table 1. Materials examined. Coordinates Dimensions Lx WxH Locality No. of valves Date of collecton Collected by Depositon no. (decimal) (mm) Kotvakkam 12.9660N, 80.38 x 78.77 x 8.23; ZSI/MBRC/M.2004; 2 28.ii.2015 GS (Chennai) 80.2650E 57.83 x 49.48 x 4.88 ZSI/MBRC/M.2005 Serenity Beach, 11.9760N, Kotakuppam 1 92.09 x 91.30 x 9.59 19.x.2015 RRD ZSI/MBRC/M.2006 79.8450E (Puducherry) Kasimedu, 13.1230N,