DOCSLIB.ORG

Antigenic Ureaplasma Variation and Adaptation to Ovine Complement Response Following Experimental Intrauterine Infection

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antigenic Ureaplasma Variation and Adaptation to Ovine Complement Response Following Experimental Intrauterine Infection Antigenic Ureaplasma Variation and Adaptation to Ovine Complement Response Following Experimental Intrauterine Infection By Shatha Thanoon Ahmed MBChB, MSc Histopathology, Diploma Obs&Gyn A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) August 2015 Department of Child Health Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine School of Medicine Cardiff University United Kingdom i Form: PGR_Submission_200701 NOTICE OF SUBMISSION OF THESIS FORM: POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of …………………………(insert MCh, MD, MPhil, PhD etc, as appropriate) Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter- library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 4: PREVIOUSLY APPROVED BAR ON ACCESS I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loans after expiry of a bar on access previously approved by the Graduate Development Committee. Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… ii Abstract Ureaplasma parvum is one of the smallest (genome <0.8 Mb), free living, self-replicating organisms identified. There are seven species of Ureaplasma but only two infect humans: Ureaplasma parvum (serovars 1, 3, 6 and 14) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (serovars 2, 4, 5, 7–13). While frequently thought to be a commensal, Ureaplasma spp. has been found to be the most frequently identified infectious organism associated with preterm delivery. The mechanisms it uses to escape recognition by the host immune system and establish long term chronic infections in the host are unknown. However, association of infection with pregnancy and preterm birth, which have lower immune response are well known and its infection of and induction of preterm birth leads to short and long term sequel. Objectives of the study Using a model of experimental infection, this thesis sought to investigate differences between systemic Ureaplasma infection in mid-second trimester equivalent and early third trimester equivalent, and relate these differences to the stage of development of the complement system in preterm lambs. These studies required the development of a new assay to measure com- plement function in sheep. The ability of the infecting strain of Ureaplasma to adapt to the sheep immune system was also investigated, examined at varying lengths of infection. These studies required the use of a new in vivo catheterisation method to establish the kinetics of early experimental intrauterine Ureaplasma infection and to recover Ureaplasma from the amniotic fluid by amniocentesis at various times during chronic infection. Emerging re- sistance to sheep complement was investigated in these strains and related to coincident alter- ations in the major surface antigen (multiple banded antigen; MBA) and alterations in the whole genome sequence. These studies required the characterisation of new monoclonal an- tibodies that recognise the MBA and establishment of a synthetic MBA expressed in E.coli to aid in reagent characterisation. Materials and Methods: Different erythrocyte sources and sensitising antibodies were utilised to establish the guinea pig erythrocyte as the best target for measuring the 50% haemolytic activity in fetal and adult sheep sera. Flow cytometry methods were also used to establish endogenous anti-erythrocyte iii antibodies in adult, but not fetal sheep, revealing a failure of maternal IgG transfer across the placenta in contrast to humans. A bactericidal assay for the decrease in surviving Ureaplasma following incubation with sheep sera was utilised and modified conditions revealed the rate of killing and calcium-dependence of Ureaplasma killing for both fetal and adult sera. Ex- perimental infection of singleton pregnant ewes by catheter or ultrasound guided needle, fol- lowed by caesarean delivery at either 94 or 125 days gestation (term=150 days) was central to all of the studies. Over 3 years, different infection duration (from 5 days to 6 weeks) and gestational age at infection (from 70 days to 116 days gestational age) were investigated in this model. Western blot analysis was also a central method for both examining the antibody response of foetus and ewe to Ureaplasma as well as examination of the size and number of MBA isoforms in evolving strains during chronic infection. The use of genomic analysis software Geneious (Biomatters ltd., New Zealand) was also utilised to compare the genomic sequences of Ureaplasma strains recovered by amniocentesis during chronic infection relative to the original infecting strain to determine number and site of genetic alterations with evolv- ing serum resistance. Only the repeat region of the MBA gene required investigation by PCR and traditional Sanger sequencing, due to limitations of Illumina sequencing methods and repeats greater than 150 bp. Results: The 50% complement haemolytic activity of preterm sheep foetuses was very poor at 95 day gestation and improved by 125 day gestation, but was still much lower than adult sera. This was reflected in both in vivo bacteraemia during experimental infection and in vitro examining Ureaplasma-cidal activity of sera. A direct correlation (R2=0.30; p<0.05) was found between haemolytic activity of sera and capacity to kill Ureaplasma in vitro. The strain utilised for experimental infection (HPA5) has a single low mass isoform of MBA consisting of 17 PAGKEQ repeats in the C-terminus. Following 5-7 days infection two of six of the infected animals began to show emergence of a second larger MBA isoform. The number and size of MBA isoforms continued to increase at 3 and 5 weeks, until recovered strains appeared to solely consist of strains with much larger MBA isoforms (72->120 k Da). The underlying mechanisms of increased MBA mass was found to be increasing number of PAGKEQ repeats from 17 to >200 repeats. Genomic analysis of recovered strains identified conserved single nucleotide polymorphisms in the two genes encoding the ammonium ion transport, but other- wise very few alterations were observed and no obvious candidate to explain increased serum iv resistance (other than increased MBA mass) were observed. For the most part, alterations occurred in polyA, polyT and polyAT intergenic regions. Despite the apparent correlation between increasing complement resistance of recovered strains and increasing MBA number of repeats, transposon delivery and expression of the MBA gene from a resistant recovered strain and the serum-sensitive original HPA5 strain did not transfer serum resistance in one experiment. Conclusions: Ureaplasma can change its surface epitopes continuously however, the ex- pected phase variation loss of MBA expression with development of anti-MBA antibodies was not observed. A strong selection for increased MBA mass was apparent with longer infections and this was coincident with evolution of serum resistance (which increased stead- ily after 1 week infection to high serum resistance after 5 weeks infection). The development of the complement system was directly related to the detection of Ureaplasma in the circula- tion of infected lambs, but even 6 weeks of chronic persistent Ureaplasma infection was found to induce an inconsistent and low antibody response, and only in the later gestational age foetuses. While increased MBA size appears to be coincident with evolved serum resistance, it must require either loss of the original MBA isoform (dominant serum susceptibility deter- minant) or other less obvious alterations in the genome of Ureaplasma. Key words: Ureaplasma, preterm labour, animal models, amniotic fluid, MBA gene, anti- genic variation. v Acknowledgments In the name of ALLAH, the most compassionate, the most merciful First and Foremost I do praise GOD (ALLAH) (SWT) without his love, grace, and mercy none of my achievements would have been possible. I would like to acknowledge with deep appreciation and gratitude the invaluable help of my supervisor Dr. Brad Spiller whose hands always willing to help .You have been a tremendous mentor for me. I would like to thank you for encouraging my research and greatly appreciate our conversations and discussions, and optimism. Your advices on my research as well as on my writing have been priceless. May GOD bless you abundantly. My thanks and appreciation will also go to all of the team in Australia who supported me to collect data for my PhD thesis. A special thanks to my family. Words cannot express how grateful I am to my husband, my sons and my daughters. I am also grateful to Dr.Eamon and to all of my colleagues who supported me at one point or another to attempt towards my goal. Last, but not least I would like to express my great appreciation to the Iraqi ministry of higher education who awarded me this scholarship which provided the necessary funding to manage the PhD degree. May GOD bless them
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Genome Analysis of 19 Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Ureaplasma Parvum Strains
    Paralanov et al. BMC Microbiology 2012, 12:88 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/12/88 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Comparative genome analysis of 19 Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum strains Vanya Paralanov1, Jin Lu2, Lynn B Duffy2, Donna M Crabb2, Susmita Shrivastava1, Barbara A Methé1, Jason Inman1, Shibu Yooseph1, Li Xiao2, Gail H Cassell2, Ken B Waites2 and John I Glass1* Abstract Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum (UUR) and Ureaplasma parvum (UPA) are sexually transmitted bacteria among humans implicated in a variety of disease states including but not limited to: nongonococcal urethritis, infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, chorioamnionitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates. There are 10 distinct serotypes of UUR and 4 of UPA. Efforts to determine whether difference in pathogenic potential exists at the ureaplasma serovar level have been hampered by limitations of antibody-based typing methods, multiple cross-reactions and poor discriminating capacity in clinical samples containing two or more serovars. Results: We determined the genome sequences of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) type strains of all UUR and UPA serovars as well as four clinical isolates of UUR for which we were not able to determine serovar designation. UPA serovars had 0.75−0.78 Mbp genomes and UUR serovars were 0.84−0.95 Mbp. The original classification of ureaplasma isolates into distinct serovars was largely based on differences in the major ureaplasma surface antigen called the multiple banded antigen (MBA) and reactions of human and animal sera to the organisms. Whole genome analysis of the 14 serovars and the 4 clinical isolates showed the mba gene was part of a large superfamily, which is a phase variable gene system, and that some serovars have identical sets of mba genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Roles of Oral Bacteria in Cardiovascular Diseases—From
    J Pharmacol Sci 113, 000 – 000 (2010) Journal of Pharmacological Sciences ©2010 The Japanese Pharmacological Society Forum Minireview Roles of Oral Bacteria in Cardiovascular Diseases — From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Cases: Implication of Periodontal Diseases in Development of Systemic Diseases Hiroaki Inaba1 and Atsuo Amano1,* 1Department of Oral Frontier Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan Received November 16, 2009; Accepted December 21, 2009 Abstract. Periodontal diseases, some of the most common infectious diseases seen in humans, are characterized by gingival inflammation, as well as loss of connective tissue and bone from around the roots of the teeth, which leads to eventual tooth exfoliation. In the past decade, the as- sociation of periodontal diseases with the development of systemic diseases has received increas- ing attention. Although a number of studies have presented evidence of close relationships between periodontal and systemic diseases, the majority of findings are limited to epidemiological studies, while the etiological details remain unclear. Nevertheless, a variety of recent hypothesis driven investigations have compiled various results showing that periodontal infection and subsequent direct oral-hematogenous spread of bacteria are implicated inPROOF the development of various systemic diseases. Herein, we present current understanding in regard to the relationship between periodon- tal and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, preterm delivery of low birth weight, diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, and osteoporosis. Keywords: periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, preterm delivery, Porphyromonas gingivalis, oral bacteria 1. Introduction detected in heart valve lesions and atheromatous plaque (5, 6), amniotic fluid of pregnant women with threatened Epidemiological and interventional studies of humans premature labor (11), and placentas from cases of preterm have revealed close associations between periodontal delivery (12, 13).
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Protein Phosphorylation in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
    Pathogenicity of a minimal organism: Role of protein phosphorylation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Dissertation zur Erlangung des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades „Doctor rerum naturalium“ der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Sebastian Schmidl aus Bad Hersfeld Göttingen 2010 Mitglieder des Betreuungsausschusses: Referent: Prof. Dr. Jörg Stülke Koreferent: PD Dr. Michael Hoppert Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02.11.2010 “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.” (Albert Einstein) Danksagung Zunächst möchte ich mich bei Prof. Dr. Jörg Stülke für die Ermöglichung dieser Doktorarbeit bedanken. Nicht zuletzt durch seine freundliche und engagierte Betreuung hat mir die Zeit viel Freude bereitet. Des Weiteren hat er mir alle Freiheiten zur Verwirklichung meiner eigenen Ideen gelassen, was ich sehr zu schätzen weiß. Für die Übernahme des Korreferates danke ich PD Dr. Michael Hoppert sowie Prof. Dr. Heinz Neumann, PD Dr. Boris Görke, PD Dr. Rolf Daniel und Prof. Dr. Botho Bowien für das Mitwirken im Thesis-Komitee. Der Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes gilt ein besonderer Dank für die finanzielle Unterstützung dieser Arbeit, durch die es mir unter anderem auch möglich war, an Tagungen in fernen Ländern teilzunehmen. Prof. Dr. Michael Hecker und der Gruppe von Dr. Dörte Becher (Universität Greifswald) danke ich für die freundliche Zusammenarbeit bei der Durchführung von zahlreichen Proteomics-Experimenten. Ein ganz besonderer Dank geht dabei an Katrin Gronau, die mich in die Feinheiten der 2D-Gelelektrophorese eingeführt hat. Außerdem möchte ich mich bei Andreas Otto für die zahlreichen Proteinidentifikationen in den letzten Monaten bedanken. Nicht zu vergessen ist auch meine zweite Außenstelle an der Universität in Barcelona. Dr. Maria Lluch-Senar und Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Detection of Urogenital Mollicutes in Patients with Invasive Malignant Prostate Tumor Osama Mohammed Saed Abdul-Wahab1, Mishari H
    Abdul-Wahab et al. Infectious Agents and Cancer (2021) 16:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-021-00344-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Molecular detection of urogenital mollicutes in patients with invasive malignant prostate tumor Osama Mohammed Saed Abdul-Wahab1, Mishari H. Al-Shyarba2, Boutheina Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi3, Nessrine Sassi3, Majed Saad Shaya Al Fayi4, Hassan Otifi5, Abdullah Hassan Al Murea6, Béhija Mlik3 and Elhem Yacoub3* Abstract Background: The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) is multiple and complex. Among the causes recently cited are chronic infections engendered by microorganisms that often go unnoticed. A typical illustration of such a case is infection due to mollicutes bacteria. Generally known by their lurking nature, urogenital mollicutes are the most incriminated in PCa. This study was thus carried out in an attempt to establish the presence of these mollicutes by PCR in biopsies of confirmed PCa patients and to evaluate their prevalence. Methods: A total of 105 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded prostate tissues collected from 50 patients suffering from PCa and 55 with benign prostate hyperplasia were subjected to PCR amplification targeting species-specific genes of 5 urogenital mollicutes species, Mycoplasma genitalium, M. hominis, M. fermentans, Ureaplasma parvum, and U. urealyticum. PCR products were then sequenced to confirm species identification. Results significance was statistically assessed using Chi-square and Odds ratio tests. Results: PCR amplification showed no positive results for M. genitalium, M. hominis, and M. fermentans in all tested patients. Strikingly, Ureaplasma spp. were detected among 30% (15/50) of PCa patients. Nucleotide sequencing further confirmed the identified ureaplasma species, which were distributed as follows: 7 individuals with only U.
    [Show full text]
  • Fis-His-2020-Abstract-Supplement-Free-Paper.Pdf
    Abstract supplement (free paper abstracts) FIS/HIS International 2020 cannot be held responsible for errors or inconsistencies contained within the abstract supplement. Only major formatting alterations have been made and abstract content remains consistent with what was entered at time of submission by the author/s. How to search this document Laptop, PC or similar: ‘Ctrl’ + ‘F’ or ‘Edit’ then ‘Find’ Smart device: Open this PDF in either the 'iBooks' app (Apple) or 'My Files' app (Android). Both are built in apps and have a magnifying glass search icon. Contents A quick reference guide by topic, paper number and presentation type can be found at the end of the document or click here. (Click paper title to take you straight there) Free paper oral presentations 11: Investigations, actions and learning from an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in the United Kingdom ........................................................................................................................ 13 12: Procalcitonin as an antibiotic stewardship tool in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care ...................... 14 20: Impact of antibiotic timing on mortality from Gram negative Bacteraemia in an English District General Hospital: the importance of getting it right every time .................................................................................... 15 35: Case report: A fall in the forest ................................................................................................................... 16 65: Not
    [Show full text]
  • CASEE-2017 Session1b -Eva-Tvrda
    A The 8th International CASEE Conference Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW May 14 - 16, 2017 . Decreased sperm quality visible in routine semen analysis: . loss of sperm motility . morphological alterations . acrosome dysfunction . disruption of membrane integrity . oxidative stress . Most data connected to bacterial contamination of ejaculates: well-known causative agents of urogenital tract infections . Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis . Ejaculates collected for reproductive technologies - certain contamination: . semen collection is not an entirely serile process . factors for semen contamination: artifical vaginas, environmental conditions, human factors . Current interest shifts to other bacteria, responsible for the colonization and contamination of the male urogenital tract, rather than infection . Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacteria . Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bacteriocins . Origins: environmental, animal and human sources . E. faecalis: . most common in the gastrointestinal tract, and may be found in human and animal faeces . associated with clinical urinary tract infections, hepatobiliary sepsis, endocarditis, surgical wound infection, bacteraemia and neonatal sepsis . able to survive a range of adverse environments allowing multiple routes of cross- contamination . resistant to a broad range of antibiotics including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem ANTIBIOTICS NATURALLY OCCURING
    [Show full text]
  • GBS 10 Strep11 Other 60 Vaginal Swabs! Real-Time LAMP!
    • Specificity studies were performed using a panel of 10 Group B Streptococcus agalactiae strains, 11 of the most commonly occurring Streptococcus genus strains and 60 other organisms commonly found in the human genital tract. • One hundred and twenty four (124) vaginal swabs sampled from pregnant women were tested with the real-time LAMP assay and compared to a real- time PCR assay (5). Neonatal infections are most commonly caused by Group B Streptococcus GBS 10 (Streptococcus agalactiae) (1). These infections can be classified as either early on-set • Of the 124 vaginal swabs, 85 tested positive for Group B Streptococcus and & or late-onset disease. Early onset infection (EOI) occurs during the first week of life 39 tested negative. with late onset infection (LOI) occurring between one week and three months. It is Strep11 thought that early onset disease develops in the foetus after aspiration of infected • Comparable results were achieved by both the real-time PCR and real –time amniotic fluid (2). Late onset infection is less well understood, and while passage LAMP assays. Results are listed in Table 4. Also shown in the table are through the birth canal is an obvious route of infection, it is also thought that community previously obtained microbiological culture data for the isolation and sources are involved (2). Other identification of GBS. 60 One approach used to identify potential for infection is a screening of pregnant women, where prophylaxis is offered to those identified as carriers (3). This approach is also • Figure 1: Breakdown of specificity panels investigated during the development of the Table 2: Results of GBS testing of vaginal swabs.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma Hominis, Ureaplasma Urealyticum,Andureaplasma Parvum
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Bacteriology Volume 2013, Article ID 168742, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/168742 Research Article Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum,andUreaplasma parvum Scott A. Cunningham,1 Jayawant N. Mandrekar,2 Jon E. Rosenblatt,1 and Robin Patel1,3 1 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA 2 Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Robin Patel; [email protected] Received 5 November 2012; Accepted 30 January 2013 Academic Editor: Sam R. Telford Copyright © 2013 Scott A. Cunningham et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. We compared laboratory developed real-time PCR assays for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and parvum to culture using genitourinary specimens submitted for M. hominis and Ureaplasma culture. Methods. 283 genitourinary specimens received in the clinical bacteriology laboratory for M. hominis and Ureaplasma species culture were evaluated. Nucleic acids were extracted using the Total Nucleic Acid Kit on the MagNA Pure 2.0. 5 L of the extracts were combined with 15 L of each of the two master mixes. Assays were performed on the LightCycler 480 II system. Culture was performed using routine methods.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Ureaplasma Diversum: a Representative of the Mollicute Class Associated with Reproductive and Respiratory Disorders in Cattle
    REVIEW published: 18 February 2021 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.572171 A Review of Ureaplasma diversum: A Representative of the Mollicute Class Associated With Reproductive and Respiratory Disorders in Cattle Manoel Neres Santos Junior 1,2, Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres 1, Guilherme Barreto Campos 1, Bruno Lopes Bastos 1, Jorge Timenetsky 3 and Lucas Miranda Marques 1,2,3* 1 Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil, 2 Department of Microbiology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil, 3 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil The Mollicutes class encompasses wall-less microbes with a reduced genome. They may infect plants, insects, humans, and animals including those on farms and in livestock. Edited by: Ureaplasma diversum is a mollicute associated with decreased reproduction mainly in the Michael Kogut, conception rate in cattle, as well as weight loss and decreased quality in milk production. United States Department of Agriculture, United States Therefore, U. diversum infection contributes to important economic losses, mainly in Reviewed by: large cattle-producing countries such as the United States, China, Brazil, and India. Marie Rene Culhane, The characteristics of Mollicutes, virulence, and pathogenic variations make it difficult to University of Minnesota, United States control their infections. Genomic analysis, prevalence studies, and immunomodulation Christine Letitia
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Mycoplasma Hominis and Chlamydia Trachomatis in Patients with Uncomplicated Recurrent Urin
    Nephrology and Renal Diseases Research Article ISSN: 2399-908X Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections Jadranka Vlasic-Matas1*, Hrvoje Raos2, Marijana Vuckovic2, Stjepan Radic2 and Vesna Capkun3 1Polyclinic Nephrology Department, Split, Croatia 2School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Split University Hospital Center, Split, Croatia Abstract Aim: To assess the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) and its correlation with leukocyturia and symptoms. Methods: The study included 220 patients (130 women and 90 men) presenting with chronic voiding symptoms and sterile leukocyturia. Urine, urethral swabs and cervical swabs (for women patients) were taken to determine the presence of these pathogens. Patients were treated by tetracycline and followed up three and six months after initial therapy. Results: In 186 (85%) out of 220 patients, U. urealyticum was found, while C. trachomatis was present in 34 patients (15%). In majority of female patients (112 out of 130; 86%) U. urealyticum was found. In addition to ureaplasma, in eight patients M. hominis was found. C. trachomatis was identified in 18 female patients (14%). In 74 out of 90 (82%) male patients U. urealyticum was detected while in six of them M. hominis was also found. C. trachomatis was identified in 16 male patients (18%). U. urealyticum was significantly related to leukocyturia, as opposed to C. trachomatis (p<0,001). Women had more frequent symptomatology (p = 0,015) and higer leukocyturia (p<0.001). Conclusion: Leukocyturia is more common find in U.
    [Show full text]
  • Anterior Nares Acidovorax Ebreus 100% Acidovorax Sp
    Anterior Nares Acidovorax ebreus 100% Acidovorax sp. Acinetobacter johnsonii Acinetobacter lwoffii 10% Actinobacillus minor Actinomyces odontolyticus Actinomyces sp. 1% Actinomyces urogenitalis Aggregatibacter aphrophilus Alistipes putredinis 0.1% Anaerococcus hydrogenalis Anaerococcus lactolyticus 0.01% Anaerococcus prevotii Anaerococcus tetradius Anaerococcus vaginalis 0.001% Atopobium vaginae Bacteroides dorei Bacteroides intestinalis 0.0001% Bacteroides sp. Bacteroides stercoris Bacteroides vulgatus 0.00001% Campylobacter concisus Campylobacter gracilis Campylobacter hominis Campylobacter lari Campylobacter showae Candidate division Capnocytophaga gingivalis Capnocytophaga ochracea Capnocytophaga sputigena Cardiobacterium hominis Catonella morbi Citrobacter sp. Clostridium leptum Corynebacterium accolens Corynebacterium ammoniagenes Corynebacterium amycolatum Corynebacterium diphtheriae Corynebacterium efficiens Corynebacterium genitalium Corynebacterium glutamicum Corynebacterium jeikeium Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum Corynebacterium matruchotii Corynebacterium pseudogenitalium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Corynebacterium resistens Corynebacterium striatum Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Corynebacterium urealyticum Delftia acidovorans Dialister invisus Eikenella corrodens Enhydrobacter aerosaccus Eubacterium rectale Finegoldia magna Fusobacterium nucleatum Fusobacterium periodonticum Fusobacterium sp. Gardnerella vaginalis Gemella haemolysans Granulicatella adiacens Granulicatella elegans Haemophilus
    [Show full text]
  • Reactive Arthritis Or Chronic Infectious Arthritis? J Sibilia, F-X Limbach
    580 REVIEW Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/ard.61.7.580 on 1 July 2002. Downloaded from Reactive arthritis or chronic infectious arthritis? J Sibilia, F-X Limbach ............................................................................................................................. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61:580–587 Microbes reach the synovial cavity either directly during hence active multiplication of the bacteria. bacteraemia or by transport within lymphoid cells or These findings thus suggest that microbes can survive in small numbers in the articular cavity monocytes. This may stimulate the immune system in certain forms of ReA (table 1). excessively, triggering arthritis. Some forms of ReA • The phenomenon has grown since 1995 with correspond to slow infectious arthritis due to the discovery of DNA of most other classical persistence of microbes and some to an infection arthritogenic agents in synovial samples from patients with ReA.18–21 One must nevertheless triggered arthritis linked to an extra-articular site of take a fairly critical point of view because infection. although the results are convincing for C .......................................................................... trachomatis, they are much less so for entero- bacteria. It is true that DNA of Yersinia, Shigella, or Campylobacter has been identified in some eactive arthritis (ReA) was first described in studies, but these are few and include very few 1916 during the first world war by Fiessinger patients.18 19 21 22 Thus, Ekman et al identified and Leroy in France and Reiter in Germany. R DNA of Salmonella in synovial samples,23 but It was, however, only in 1969 that a Scandinavian could not repeat their results. This might have team rationalised the concept of ReA by defining it as a transient non-purulent (reactive) arthritis been owing to technical artefacts, which lead appearing in the weeks following a digestive to false positives, or to a very small amount of infection.1 Actually, this notion of exclusively bacterial DNA in the synovium.
    [Show full text]