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A New Species of Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Western Thailand

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A New Species of Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Western Thailand J. Jpn. Bot. 90: 153–157 (2015) A New Species of Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Western Thailand a,b, a a Boonmee PHOKHAM *, Sittichoke PRASARN , Supatthra SANGNARK a and Pornpimon WONGSUWAN aTraditional Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269, Nakhon Sawan Road, Amphoe Mueang Maha Sarakham, 44000 THAILAND; bDepartment of Pharmacy Technique, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Chonburi, Amphoe Mueang Chon Buri, 20000 THAILAND *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on January 10, 2015) A new Caulokaempferia species (Zingiberaceae) from western Thailand, C. picheansoonthonii Phokham & Prasarn, is described with full description, ink line-drawing with water-color and photographic illustration. This new species is morphologically closest to C. kayinensis Picheans. & Sangnark reported from Kayin State of Myanmar. The sessile inflorescence with strictly 1-cincinnus hidden in the uppermost leaf-sheath is prominent characteristic of this new taxon. Key words: Caulokaempferia, Caulokaempferia picheansoonthonii, new species, western Thailand, Zingiberaceae. About 20 species of Caulokaempferia and northward to Shan State of Myanmar K. Larsen (Zingiberaeae) were reported for (Benjaphan et al. 2015). Other taxa, however, Thailand, some of which are now recognized possess restrict distributions. Only a few species as conspecific; e.g., C. kuapii K. Larsen is grow in low altitude hills at 100–300 m, i.e., synonymous with C. saxicola K. Larsen C. pedemontana (Larsen et al. 2004) and C. (Chaiyoot 2007). Some members of the genus satunensis (Picheansoonthon et al. 2007). with non-yellow flowers, trilocular ovaries and In order to complete inventory of the genus hidden inflorescences in the two uppermost for Thailand, the second author has been leaf sheaths were proposed to transfer to the searching for representatives of the genus in controversial new genus, Jirawongsea Picheans. western Thailand, while the third author is (Picheansoonthon et al. 2008). working on the genus representation in Kayin Biogeographically, members of the and Mon States of Myanmar. The senior author genus grow on high-altitude mountains and is finishing up his work on molecular studies develop endemically. For the yellow-flowered of the genus covering all taxa reported in India, Caulokaempferia, to our knowledge, only C. Myanmar, Thailand, China, Vietnam and Laos. saxicola is widely distributed from its type During our recent survey in western location at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Thailand, we encountered an undescribed Park in central Thailand westward to Kayin entity from Changwat Kanchanaburi. After State of Myanmar (Sangnark et al. 2015) careful investigation morphologically, we —153— 154 植物研究雑誌 第 90 巻 第 3 号 2015 年 6 月 Fig. 1. Caulokaempferia picheansoonthonii Phokham & Prasarn. A. Habit. B, C. Leaf base, showing ligules (lateral view). D. Bracteole. E. A flower. F. Calyx-tube and ovary. G. Dorsal corolla lobe. H, I. Lateral corolla lobes. J, K. Lateral staminodes. L. Labellum. M, N. Anthers and anther crests (M. rear view, N. front view.) O. Ovary and stylodes. P. Infructescence, showing uppermost leaf-sheath with leaf base, bracteole and fruits. Q. Fruit. R. Seeds. Drawn by Chalermchoke Boonchit. June 2015 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 90 No. 3 155 Fig. 2. Caulokaempferia picheansoonthonii Phokham & Prasarn. A. Plants in the type locality. B. Plant with inflorescence. C. Detail of inflorescence and infructescence, showing the unique blade-unopposed ligule, a flower and fruits. D, E. Flower showing different view of labellum, lateral staminodes and anther crest. D. Oblique view. E. Front view. F. Plant showing infructescence, fruits, dehiscing fruit and seeds. Photographed by Sittichoke Prasarn (A) and Chayan Picheansoonthon (B–F). Scale: 1 cm. propose it as a new species and decided to Phokham & Prasarn, sp. nov. [Figs. 1, 2] name it Caulokaempferia picheansoonthonii. This new species is similar to Caulokaempferia Full description, ink-line drawing with water- kayinensis Picheans. & Sangnark, but differs in color, and photographic illustrations of this new the following characters: (1) more number leaf species are given. blades (7–9 vs. 4–5), (2) longer (4–6 mm vs. 1–2 mm) and leaf-blade unopposed ligules, (3) Taxonomic treatment lanceolate-oblong leaf blades with undulate to Caulokaempferia picheansoonthonii wavy margins, (4) strictly 1 cincinnus, and (5) 156 植物研究雑誌 第 90 巻 第 3 号 2015 年 6 月 broadly obovate labellum with emarginate apex. Thai-Myanmar border, so far known only from Ty p e : THAILAND . Changwat the type locality. Kanchanaburi, Amphoe Sangkhla Buri, Thung Ecology: This new species grows on moist Yai Narasuan Wildlife Sanctuary, Kulu Huamee limestone cliffs facing the stream, under the Mountain, near Ro Kee stream, 15°12′97.4″N shade of mixed deciduous forest, at an altitude 98°29′58.2″E, alt. 247 m, 16 August 2014, CP of about 250 m. 160814-1 (holotype–BK!). Etymology: We decided to name this Lithophytic perennial herbs, slender, with new species to honor Professor Dr. Chayan short rhizome; root fibrous, some form longish Picheansoonthon, fellow of the Royal Institute storage tubers. Pseudostems 13.5–17.5 cm, of Thailand, on his 60th birthday in 2015. He with 2 bladeless sheaths and reduced lamina. has been actively engaged in taxonomic research Leaves 7–9, petiole subsessile to short petiolate, of family Zingiberaceae, particularly the genus ca. 5 mm long; ligule membranous, 4–6 mm Caulokaempferia. He has described more than long, apex acute, blade unopposed; leaf blades 10 taxa of the genus, and much more to come in lanceolate-oblong, the largest one, 9.5–13 × the near future. His contribution led us to better 1.8–3.2 cm, base cuneate, apex acute-acuminate understanding of the diversity and biogeography to caudate up to 2.2 cm long, margin undulate of this genus. to wavy, upper surface greenish, lower surface Note: This new species can be easily green-gray, both sides glabrous. Inflorescence distinguished from other yellow-flowered sessile, hidden in the uppermost leaf sheath, Caulokaempferia by its unique sessile strictly 1 cincinnus. Bract none, 2–5-flowered inflorescence with strictly 1 cincinnus and –7 9 cincinnus. Bracteole lanceolate, 1.3–1.7 cm × leaf blades with undulate to wavy leaf margin. 2–3 mm, whitish to greenish. Calyx tubular, Morphologically, it is closest to C. kayinensis hidden in the bracteole, 1.2–1.5 cm × 2–3 mm, Picheans. & Sangnark. The latter, however, glabrous, greenish, splitted 5–6 mm down one possesses 1–3 cincinni of 2–4 flowers each side, apex acute. Corolla tube 3.0–3.9 cm × with ebracteate lower 1–2 cincinni hidden 1–2 mm, yellowish; dorsal corolla lobe oblong, in the two uppermost leaf sheaths. The third 0.8–1.1 cm × 3–4 mm, whitish, apex hooded uppermost cincinnus of C. kayinensis, if and produced into an ca. 1 mm thorn-like point; present, projects out of the two uppermost leaf lateral corolla lobes lanceolate, 0.9–1.0 cm × 2–3 sheaths and is enclosed in a bract, some of mm, whitish, apex acute. Lateral staminodes, which have a leaf-like appendage (Sangnark patent, obovate, 1.2–1.4 cm × 6–7 mm, yellow, et al. 2015). apex obtuse. Labellum broadly obovate, It is worth noting that the type locality of 1.8–2.4 × 1.5–2 cm, yellow, apex emarginate. this new species is less than 40 kilometers Filament very short, ca. 1 mm; anther 2–3 mm from the Thai-Myanmar border and less long; anther crest suborbicular, 2–3 × 3–4 mm, than 200 kilometers from the type location yellow. Ovary greenish, oblong, 5–8 × 1–2 mm, of C. kayinensis in Myanmar’s Kayin glabrous; stylodial glands 2, ca. 1 mm long, State. Myanmar’s Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) glabrous; stigma conical, margin ciliate. Fruit Mountain Range lies between the type fleshy capsule, ellipsoid-oblong, 1.2–1.8 cm × locations of two species. We therefore expect 3–5 mm, greenish. Seed numerous, crowned to find some more species, and definitely with whitish arillode. Phenology: Flowering some of which may possess the sessile July–August, fruiting August–September. inflorescences hidden in the leaf-sheath. Distribution: Thailand, Changwat Molecular study of all members of the Kanchanaburi in western Thailand, near the genus by the senior author supports that C. June 2015 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 90 No. 3 157 picheansoonthonii is a phylogenetically support, also to members of our research group: distinct taxon, the results of which will be Mr. Kamthorn Intharapichai, and Mr. Supakorn published in a forthcoming publication. Thongmeemar for field assistances and Mr. Other specimen examined: THAILAND. Chalermchoke Boonchit for the beautiful ink Kanchanaburi, Sangkla Buri, Tambon Laiwo, Ban line-drawing with water color of this new Saneh Phawnh, 13 August 1993, J. F. Maxwell 93-904 (CMU) species. Note on generic nomenclature Literature Cited When Kai Larsen (1964) established Benjaphan P., Phokham B., Wongsuwan P. and Caulokaempferia, it is clear that he regarded Picheansoonthon C. 2015. The Genus Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Myanmar. Part II. A New Species Monolophus elegans (Wall.) Wall. as the from Shan State (in press). lectotype of the genus Monolophus Wall. The Chaiyoot A. 2007. Morphology and molecular study of the name Caulokaempferia K. Larsen is, since genus Caulokaempferia in Thailand and Laos PDR. then, well accepted by leading taxonomists who Master thesis. 156 pp. The Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. work on the genus throughout its distribution Intharapchai K., Phokham B., Wongsuwan P. and range. Although realizing that there were Picheansoonthon C. 2014. The Genus Caulokaempferia some ‘technical problems’ in K. Larsen’s (Zingiberaceae) in Vietnam. J. Jpn. Bot. 87(3): 130. determination, we feel it is inappropriate Larsen K., Suksathan P. and Tribun P. 2004. Further studies to reinstate the name Monolophus Wall., in the genus Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand with the description of two new species.
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