Settlement Hierarchy Topic Paper
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South Derbyshire Local Development Framework LDF core strategy South Derbyshire District Council South Derbyshire Local Planning Services Development Framework (LDF) Core Strategy Topic Paper Settlement Hierarchy July 2014 South Derbyshire Changing for the better Addendum Linton village has moved from a Local Service Village to a Key Service Village following a recent planning inquiry. 16th October 2014 Contents Purpose of Topic Paper 2 Introduction 2 What we’ve been told about settlements? 5 Methodology 7 Levels of settlements 10 Scale of Development 13 Appendix 1: Table to show the number of properties within each settlement included within the settlement hierarchy Appendix 2: List of services and facilities in each settlement 1 Purpose of Topic Paper This paper provides further information regarding the settlement hierarchy policy included within the Local Plan Part 1. Introduction South Derbyshire is a predominantly rural District which adjoins the urban areas of Derby City to the north and Burton on Trent to the south east. The main urban settlement within the District is Swadlincote, with a population of around 35,000. The next largest settlements are Melbourne and Hilton. The remainder of the District is predominantly rural with villages of varying size and function. South Derbyshire’s Local Plan Parts 1 & 2 will replace the 1998 Adopted Local Plan and set out the spatial strategy for the District up to 2028. A settlement hierarchy provides a means of managing growth through planning applications within each category of settlements. Settlements provide a range of services and facilities for their inhabitants and those living beyond. Typically the bigger the settlement, the more services it provides. A settlement hierarchy policy can help achieve sustainable development by concentrating housing development in settlements which already have a range of facilities and services, though some development in settlements may help to maintain services and facilities where they exist even in a limited way. Local Plan 2008- 2028 South Derbyshire District Council shares a functional Housing Market Area (HMA) with Amber Valley Borough Council and Derby City Council. In light of this the three authorities have worked on the production of their Local Plans in an aligned manner, particularly in relation to planning for future housing and employment growth. The East Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS), revoked in April 2013, identified the number of dwellings South Derbyshire was to provide over the period of 2006 – 2026. Prior to and since this revocation, the HMA local authorities have undertaken work to objectively assess (in line with National Planning Policy Framework) the amount of housing required across the Derby HMA and how this should be divided between the three authority areas. In South Derbyshire land for at least 13,454 dwellings will be allocated in Part 1 and 2 of the Local Plan. These will include a range of scales from strategic (over 100 dwellings) in the Part 1 and non- strategic (under 100 dwellings) in Part 2. The settlement hierarchy will form part of the evidence base to allocate non-strategic sites through Part 2 alongside other policies and considerations that will also be taken into account. Not every settlement within each of the hierarchy categories will accommodate the same level of growth. The suitability of sites in the SHLAA will be assessed and the most appropriate will be taken forward. Planning applications will also be measured against the hierarchy to determine the suitability of proposals. 2 National Planning Policy Framework The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (March 2012) sets out national planning guidance. It states that the purpose of the planning system is to contribute to the achievement of “sustainable development”, a term which encompasses three dimensions, to be addressed through the planning system: • an economic role – contributing to building a strong, responsive and competitive economy, by ensuring that sufficient land of the right type is available in the right places and at the right time to support growth and innovation; and by identifying and coordinating development requirements, including the provision of infrastructure; • a social role – supporting strong, vibrant and healthy communities, by providing the supply of housing required to meet the needs of present and future generations; and by creating a high quality built environment, with accessible local services that reflect the community’s needs and support its health, social and cultural well-being; and • an environmental role – contributing to protecting and enhancing our natural, built and historic environment; and, as part of this, helping to improve biodiversity, use natural resources prudently, minimise waste and pollution, and mitigate and adapt to climate change including moving to a low carbon economy. These factors need to be taken into account in the determination of a settlement hierarchy. The NPPF does not provide specific guidance on the formation of a settlement hierarchy; however the following aspects of the NPPF are the most relevant to settlement strategy: • Planning should “actively manage patterns of growth to make the fullest possible use of public transport, walking and cycling and focus significant development in locations which are or can be made sustainable” (paragraph 17) • “To promote sustainable development in rural areas, housing should be located where it will enhance or maintain the vitality of rural communities. For example, where there are groups of smaller settlements, development in one village may support services in a village nearby.” (paragraph 55) • “Encouragement should be given to solutions which support reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and reduce congestion. In preparing Local Plans, local planning authorities should therefore support a pattern of development which, where reasonable to do so, facilitates the use of sustainable modes of transport” (paragraph 30) • “Plans and decisions should ensure developments that generate significant movements are located where the need to travel will be minimised and the use of sustainable transport modes can be maximised” (paragraph 34) • “Local planning authorities should avoid new isolated homes in the countryside unless there are special circumstances”. A list of circumstances is provided. (paragraph 55) • Planning policies should “ensure an integrated approach to considering the location of housing, economic uses and community facilities and services.” (paragraph 70) The development of a settlement hierarchy is considered to be an appropriate approach to identifying settlements for growth and promoting sustainable development, by focusing 3 development were residents have opportunities to access service and facilities and use public transport in accordance with the NPPF. Planning Practice Guidance In March 2014 the National Planning Practice Guidance was published as practice guidance in support of the NPPF. The National Planning Practice Guidance reiterates that Local Plans “should be based upon and reflect the presumption in favour of sustainable development” and recognises the importance of “issues facing rural areas in terms of housing supply and affordability, and the role of housing in supporting the broader sustainability of villages and smaller settlements”. The guidance states that thriving rural communities in part depends on retaining local service and community facilities and that rural housing is essential to ensuing the viability of these local facilities. The guidance goes on to add that in rural areas all settlements can play a role in delivering sustainable development and “blanket policies restricting housing development in some settlements and preventing other settlements from expanding should be avoided unless their use can be supported by robust evidence” Other studies of note Other studies of relevance to rural communities include: Living Working Countryside – The Taylor Report (July 2008) This report makes recommendations to Central Government on how the planning system can better support the sustainability of rural communities. The report states that change is inevitable and that labour, housing, employment and services within villages and market towns are dependent upon each other. The right balance of housing and economic development is crucial for sustainable communities. The report also highlights issues relating to services and facilities within rural communities. Villages that see little or no development “face becoming increasingly exclusive communities of the retired and of wealthy commuters travelling ever longer distances to work, losing their services like schools and shops, and with local jobs either lost, or serviced by people commuting in from larger towns.” State of the Countryside – The Commission for Rural England (2010) The 2010 report found the following issues which correspond in the main with the 2008 report: • Many service outlets tend to be in urban areas. Less than 19% of outlets for the majority of services are located in rural areas. • Housing affordability issues in rural areas • Rural areas of all types still have approximately 5% of households using dial-up. 4 • Over 70% of the England land area is used for agriculture whilst only 10% of the land is developed. • Rural towns have relatively high access to many services such as Post Offices, Primary Schools, Pharmacies, GP surgeries and food shops, while other services such as hospitals and job centres are worse.