DOCSLIB.ORG

June 10, 2021 Hearing Transcript

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
June 10, 2021 Hearing Transcript HEARING ON CHINA’S NUCLEAR FORCES HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION THURSDAY, JUNE 10, 2021 Printed for use of the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: www.uscc.gov UNITED STATES-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION WASHINGTON: 2021 U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION CAROLYN BARTHOLOMEW, CHAIRMAN ROBIN CLEVELAND, VICE CHAIRMAN Commissioners: BOB BOROCHOFF DEREK SCISSORS JEFFREY FIEDLER HON. JAMES M. TALENT KIMBERLY GLAS ALEX N. WONG HON. CARTE P. GOODWIN MICHAEL R. WESSEL ROY D. KAMPHAUSEN The Commission was created on October 30, 2000 by the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act of 2001, Pub. L. No. 106–398 (codified at 22 U.S.C. § 7002), as amended by: The Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2002, Pub. L. No. 107–67 (Nov. 12, 2001) (regarding employment status of staff and changing annual report due date from March to June); The Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003, Pub. L. No. 108–7 (Feb. 20, 2003) (regarding Commission name change, terms of Commissioners, and responsibilities of the Commission); The Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, Pub. L. No. 109–108 (Nov. 22, 2005) (regarding responsibilities of the Commission and applicability of FACA); The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, Pub. L. No. 110–161 (Dec. 26, 2007) (regarding submission of accounting reports; printing and binding; compensation for the executive director; changing annual report due date from June to December; and travel by members of the Commission and its staff); The Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015, Pub. L. No. 113–291 (Dec. 19, 2014) (regarding responsibilities of the Commission). The Commission’s full charter and statutory mandate are available online at: https://www.uscc.gov/charter. ii CONTENTS THURSDAY, JUNE 10, 2021 HEARING ON CHINA’S NUCLEAR FORCES Opening Statement of Commissioner Jeffrey Fiedler (Hearing Co-Chair) .........................................................................................................1 Prepared Statement ...........................................................................................................2 Opening Statement of Commissioner Alex Wong (Hearing Co-Chair) .........................................................................................................3 Prepared Statement ...........................................................................................................4 Panel I: Chinese Nuclear Hardware, Delivery Systems, and Supporting Infrastructure Panel I Introduction by Commissioner Alex Wong (Hearing Co-Chair) .........................................................................................................5 Statement of Hans Kristensen Director of the Nuclear Information Project, Federation of American Scientists ............6 Prepared Statement ...........................................................................................................8 Statement of Phillip C. Saunders Director of the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, National Defense University .......................................................................................................................20 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................23 Statement of Mark Hibbs Nonresident Senior Fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ...................38 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................40 Panel I: Question and Answer............................................................................................55 Panel II: Why China is Modernizing and Expanding its Nuclear Forces Panel II Introduction by Commissioner Jeffrey Fiedler (Hearing Co-Chair) .......................................................................................................71 Statement of Christopher Twomey Associate Professor, Naval Postgraduate School ...........................................................72 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................75 Statement of David Logan Ph.D. Candidate in Security Studies, Princeton University ...........................................83 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................86 iii Statement of Caitlin Talmadge Associate Professor of Security Studies, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service ..........................................................................................................................104 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................107 Panel II: Question and Answer ........................................................................................122 Panel III: Implications for the United States, the Region, and the Global Non-Proliferation Regime Panel III Introduction by Commissioner Alex Wong (Hearing Co-Chair) .....................................................................................................138 Statement of Brad Roberts Director of the Center for Global Security Research, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ....................................................................................................................139 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................141 Statement of Abraham Denmark Director of the Asia Program, Wilson Center ..............................................................150 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................152 Statement of Valerie Lincy Executive Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control ...............................177 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................180 Panel III: Question and Answer .....................................................................................209 iv CHINA’S NUCLEAR FORCES THURSDAY, JUNE 10, 2021 U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION Washington, D.C. The Commission met in Room 430 of Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, DC and via videoconference at 9:30 a.m., Commissioner Jeffrey Fiedler and Commissioner Alex Wong (Hearing Co-Chairs) presiding. OPENING STATEMENT OF COMMISSIONER JEFFREY FIEDLER HEARING CO-CHAIR COMMISSIONER FIEDLER: Good morning and welcome to the sixth hearing of the U.S. China Economic Security Review Commission's 2021 Annual Report Cycle. Thank you all for joining us. Thank you especially to our witnesses for the time and effort they've put into their testimonies. Many, if not most, aspects of high-level decision making in China are opaque; but few aspects are more difficult to discern than the CCP's leadership's actual thinking about nuclear weapons. To be sure, they seem to make some things clear, such as insisting that they will never use nuclear weapons first. They also, at one point, assured the world that they would not militarize the islands they occupy in the South China Sea. Their public and private statements on numerous other issues have been similarly false or misleading. Therefore, it seems to me only prudent to question their public stance on the role of nuclear weapons in their overall quest for superpower status. Given the catastrophic dangers of nuclear war, it may not just be prudent to question their motives and actions but imperative. Our hearing today will look first at the expansion of China's nuclear weapon stockpile and delivery systems, command and control and communications for China's nuclear forces, and Beijing's use of civil-military fusion to support the expansion and modernization of its nuclear forces. The hearing's second panel will examine recent changes in and the future trajectory of China's nuclear weapons posture, strategy, and doctrine. The final panel will assess U.S. and regional perspectives on China's nuclear buildup, as well as implications for the global proliferation regime. I will now turn the floor over to my colleague and co-chair for this hearing, Commissioner Alex Wong. Back to the Table of Contents 1 PREPARED STATEMENT OF COMMISSIONER JEFFREY FIEDLER HEARING CO-CHAIR Good morning, and welcome to the sixth hearing of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission’s 2021 Annual Report cycle. Thank you all for joining us, and thank you especially to our witnesses for the time and effort they have put into their testimonies. Many, if not most, aspects of high-level decision-making in China are opaque. But few aspects are more difficult to discern than the CCP leadership’s actual thinking about nuclear weapons. To be sure, they seem to make some things clear such as insisting they will never use nuclear weapons first. They also at one point assured the world that they would not militarize the islands they occupy in the South China Sea. Their public and private statements on numerous other issues have been similarly false or misleading. Therefore, it seems to me only prudent to question their public stance on the role of nuclear weapons
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Developing the Space Sector in the Oxford-Cambridge Arc
    REGIONAL GROWTH Developing the Space Sector in the Oxford-Cambridge Arc MARCH 2021 Catapult Open With thanks to the UK Space Agency (UKSA) for sponsoring this report Developing the Space Sector in the Oxford-Cambridge Arc Full Report Prepared for the Satellite Applications Catapult and the UK Space Agency by Red Kite Management Consulting March 2021 This is the full report of an independent review of themes and capabilities in the space and related sectors in the Oxford-Cambridge Arc, setting out a vision and action plan to maximise the potential of space-related activities across the Arc. It shows how the Arc space sector can collaborate with other Arc strengths to solve societal challenges, lift a globally significant space cluster to an even higher orbit, and export its capability and value nationally and internationally – Rising to the Challenge. Catapult Open Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 Part 1: Existing Recommendations and Activities ............................................................. 4 Introduction to Part 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Relevance Ratings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Space -sector strategies,
    [Show full text]
  • Other Approaches to Civil-Military Integration: the Chinese and Japanese Arms Industries
    Other Approaches to Civil-Military Integration: The Chinese and Japanese Arms Industries March 1995 OTA-BP-ISS-143 GPO stock #052-003-01408-4 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Other Approaches to Civil-Military Integration: The Chinese and Japanese Arms Industries, BP-ISS-143 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 1995). Foreword s part of its assessment of the potential for integrating the civil and military industrial bases, the Office of Technology Assessment con- sidered how the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Japan, two Asian states with sizable defense industries, have succeeded in Aachieving significant levels of civil-military integration (CMI). CMI involves the sharing of fixed costs by promoting the use of common technologies, processes, labor, equipment, material, and/or facilities. CMI can not only lower costs, but in some cases, it can also expedite the introduction of advanced commercial products and processes to the defense sector. The paper is divided into two sections, one on the PRC and one on Japan. Each section describes the structure and management of the respective defense industrial base and then compares it with its U.S. counterpart. The paper then assesses the degree to which lessons from the PRC and Japanese cases can be applied to the U.S. defense technology and industrial base (DTIB). Although the political and security situations of the PRC and Japan, as well as their CMI objectives, differ from those of the United States, several interest- ing observations can be made. The Japanese, for example, with a limited de- fense market and an American security guarantee, emphasize dual-use design as well as the commercial aspects of many defense developments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Militarisation of Space 14 June 2021
    By, Claire Mills The militarisation of space 14 June 2021 Summary 1 Space as a new military frontier 2 Where are military assets in space? 3 What are counterspace capabilities? 4 The regulation of space 5 Who is leading the way on counterspace capabilities? 6 The UK’s focus on space commonslibrary.parliament.uk Number 9261 The militarisation of space Contributing Authors Patrick Butchard, International Law, International Affairs and Defence Section Image Credits Earth from Space / image cropped. Photo by ActionVance on Unsplash – no copyright required. Disclaimer The Commons Library does not intend the information in our research publications and briefings to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. We have published it to support the work of MPs. You should not rely upon it as legal or professional advice, or as a substitute for it. We do not accept any liability whatsoever for any errors, omissions or misstatements contained herein. You should consult a suitably qualified professional if you require specific advice or information. Read our briefing ‘Legal help: where to go and how to pay’ for further information about sources of legal advice and help. This information is provided subject to the conditions of the Open Parliament Licence. Feedback Every effort is made to ensure that the information contained in these publicly available briefings is correct at the time of publication. Readers should be aware however that briefings are not necessarily updated to reflect subsequent changes. If you have any comments on our briefings please email [email protected]. Please note that authors are not always able to engage in discussions with members of the public who express opinions about the content of our research, although we will carefully consider and correct any factual errors.
    [Show full text]
  • Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Defending Against Drone Terrorism
    Texas A&M Law Review Volume 2 Issue 4 2015 Game of Drones: Defending Against Drone Terrorism Tung Yin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/lawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Tung Yin, Game of Drones: Defending Against Drone Terrorism, 2 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 635 (2015). Available at: https://doi.org/10.37419/LR.V2.I4.3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Texas A&M Law Review by an authorized editor of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \\jciprod01\productn\T\TWL\2-4\TWL405.txt unknown Seq: 1 11-MAR-16 10:35 GAME OF DRONES: DEFENDING AGAINST DRONE TERRORISM By: Tung Yin* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .......................................... 635 R II. THE THREAT FROM DRONES ............................ 638 R A. Brief Primer on UAVs .............................. 638 R B. Legal Views on the Use of Weaponized Drones ..... 640 R C. Game of Drones: Terrorism Advantages of Drones . 642 R III. REGULATION OF DRONES ............................... 647 R IV. DEFENDING AGAINST DRONE ATTACKS: THREE CHALLENGES ........................................... 650 R A. Detection............................................ 650 R B. Identification ........................................ 654 R C. Destruction or Disablement ......................... 655 R V. SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT WHERE TO GO FROM HERE . 667 R A. Require FAA Registration and Use of Transponders ....................................... 667 R B. Restrict Airspace Above High-Value Targets ........ 669 R C. Establish Statutory Authorization and Rules of Engagement for Anti-Drone Responses ............. 671 R D. Establish Joint Task Forces ........................
    [Show full text]
  • GC(63)/OR.3 Issued: June 2020
    Atoms for Peace and Development General Conference GC(63)/OR.3 Issued: June 2020 General Distribution Original: English Sixty-third regular session Plenary Record of the Third Meeting Held at Headquarters, Vienna, on Tuesday, 17 September 2019, at 10.05 a.m. President: Mr SIVAGURUNATHAN (Malaysia) Later: Mr GIERVELD (Netherlands) Contents Item of the Paragraphs agenda1 7 General debate and Annual Report for 2018 (continued) 1–210 Statements by the delegates of: Austria 1–8 Madagascar 9–15 Lesotho 16–23 Ethiopia 24–32 Croatia 33–39 Czech Republic 40–47 Lithuania 48–57 Norway 58–71 Cuba 72–80 Latvia 81–88 Estonia 89–97 Burkina Faso 98–108 Monaco 109–114 ___________________ 1 GC(63)/22. This record is subject to correction. Corrections should be submitted in one of the working languages, in a memorandum and/or incorporated in a copy of the record. They should be sent to the Secretariat of the Policy-Making Organs, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; fax +43 1 2600 29108; email [email protected]; or from GovAtom via the Feedback link. Corrections should be submitted within three weeks of the receipt of the record. GC(63)/OR.3 17 September 2019, Page ii Contents (continued) Paragraphs Sri Lanka 115–123 Germany 124–133 Zimbabwe 134–144 Azerbaijan 145–151 Zambia 152–160 United Republic of Tanzania 161–167 Canada 168–180 Yemen 181–191 Iraq 192–199 Uruguay 200–210 The composition of delegations attending the session is given in document GC(63)/INF/9.
    [Show full text]
  • FIREARMS NEWS - Firearmsnews.Com VOLUME 70 - ISSUE 13
    FORMERLY GUN SALES, REVIEWS, & INFORMATION VOLUME 70 | ISSUE 13 | 2016 PAGE 2 FIREARMS NEWS - firearmsnews.com VOLUME 70 - ISSUE 13 TM KeyMod™ is the tactical KeyMod is here! industry’s new modular standard! • Trijicon AccuPoint TR24G 1-4x24 Riflescope $1,020.00 • American Defense • BCM® Diamondhead RECON X Scope ® Folding Front Sight $99.00 • BCM Diamondhead Mount $189.95 Folding Rear Sight $119.00 • BCM® KMR-A15 KeyMod Rail • BCMGUNFIGHTER™ Handguard 15 Inch $199.95 Compensator Mod 0 $89.95 • BCMGUNFIGHTER™ ® BCMGUNFIGHTER™ KMSM • BCM Low Profile QD End Plate $16.95 • KeyMod QD Sling Mount $17.95 Gas Block $44.95 • BCMGUNFIGHTER™ • BCMGUNFIGHTER™ Stock $55.95 Vertical Grip Mod 3 $18.95 GEARWARD Ranger • ® Band 20-Pak $10.00 BCM A2X Flash • BCMGUNFIGHTER™ Suppressor $34.95 Grip Mod 0 $29.95 B5 Systems BCMGUNFIGHTER™ SOPMOD KeyMod 1-Inch Bravo Stock $58.00 Ring Light BCM® KMR-A Mount KeyMod Free Float For 1” diameter Rail Handguards lights $39.95 Blue Force Gear Same as the fantastic original KMR Handguards but machined from aircraft aluminum! BCMGUNFIGHTER™ VCAS Sling $45.00 BCM 9 Inch KMR-A9 . $176.95 KeyMod Modular BCM 10 Inch KMR-A10 . $179.95 BCM 13 Inch KMR-A13 . $189.95 Scout Light Mount BCM 15 Inch KMR-A15 . $199.95 For SureFire Scout BCM® PNT™ Light $39.95 Trigger Assembly Polished – Nickel – Teflon BCMGUNFIGHTER™ $59.95 KeyMod Modular PWS DI KeyMod Rail Handguard Light Mount Free float KeyMod rail for AR15/M4 pattern rifles. For 1913 mounted Wilson PWS DI 12 Inch Rail . $249.95 lights $39.95 Combat PWS DI 15 Inch Rail .
    [Show full text]
  • Al Qa'ida in 2010
    i [H.A.S.C. No. 111–119] AL QA’IDA IN 2010: HOW SHOULD THE U.S. RESPOND? COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION HEARING HELD JANUARY 27, 2010 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 58–293 WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, http://bookstore.gpo.gov. For more information, contact the GPO Customer Contact Center, U.S. Government Printing Office. Phone 202–512–1800, or 866–512–1800 (toll-free). E-mail, [email protected]. HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS IKE SKELTON, Missouri, Chairman JOHN SPRATT, South Carolina HOWARD P. ‘‘BUCK’’ MCKEON, California SOLOMON P. ORTIZ, Texas ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland GENE TAYLOR, Mississippi MAC THORNBERRY, Texas NEIL ABERCROMBIE, Hawaii WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina SILVESTRE REYES, Texas W. TODD AKIN, Missouri VIC SNYDER, Arkansas J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia ADAM SMITH, Washington JEFF MILLER, Florida LORETTA SANCHEZ, California JOE WILSON, South Carolina MIKE MCINTYRE, North Carolina FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey ROBERT A. BRADY, Pennsylvania ROB BISHOP, Utah ROBERT ANDREWS, New Jersey MICHAEL TURNER, Ohio SUSAN A. DAVIS, California JOHN KLINE, Minnesota JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island MIKE ROGERS, Alabama RICK LARSEN, Washington TRENT FRANKS, Arizona JIM COOPER, Tennessee BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania JIM MARSHALL, Georgia CATHY MCMORRIS RODGERS, Washington MADELEINE Z. BORDALLO, Guam K. MICHAEL CONAWAY, Texas BRAD ELLSWORTH, Indiana DOUG LAMBORN, Colorado PATRICK J. MURPHY, Pennsylvania ROB WITTMAN, Virginia HANK JOHNSON, Georgia MARY FALLIN, Oklahoma CAROL SHEA-PORTER, New Hampshire DUNCAN HUNTER, California JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut JOHN C. FLEMING, Louisiana DAVID LOEBSACK, Iowa MIKE COFFMAN, Colorado JOE SESTAK, Pennsylvania THOMAS J.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking the Federal Securities Laws
    Florida International University College of Law eCollections Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2003 Accountants Make Miserable Policemen: Rethinking the Federal Securities Laws Jerry W. Markham Florida International University College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Banking and Finance Law Commons Recommended Citation Jerry W. Markham, Accountants Make Miserable Policemen: Rethinking the Federal Securities Laws, 28 N.C.J. Int'l L. & Com. Reg. 725, 812 (2003). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at eCollections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCollections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: Jerry W. Markham, Accountants Make Miserable Policemen: Rethinking the Federal Securities Laws, 28 N.C.J. Int'l L. & Com. Reg. 725 (2003) Provided by: FIU College of Law Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Tue May 1 11:26:02 2018 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at https://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information Use QR Code reader to send PDF to your smartphone or tablet device Accountants Make Miserable Policemen: Rethinking the Federal
    [Show full text]
  • Merging the SEC and CFTC - a Clash of Cultures
    Florida International University College of Law eCollections Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2009 Merging the SEC and CFTC - A Clash of Cultures Jerry W. Markham Florida International University College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Banking and Finance Law Commons Recommended Citation Jerry W. Markham, Merging the SEC and CFTC - A Clash of Cultures, 78 U. Cin. L. Rev. 537, 612 (2009). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at eCollections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCollections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: Jerry W. Markham, Merging the SEC and CFTC - A Clash of Cultures, 78 U. Cin. L. Rev. 537 (2009) Provided by: FIU College of Law Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Tue May 1 10:36:12 2018 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at https://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information Use QR Code reader to send PDF to your smartphone or tablet device MERGING THE SEC AND CFTC-A CLASH OF CULTURES Jerry W. Markham* I. INTRODUCTION The massive subprime losses at Citigroup, UBS, Bank of America, Wachovia, Washington Mutual, and other banks astounded the financial world. Equally shocking were the failures of Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, and Bear Steams.
    [Show full text]
  • The Integrated Review and UK Spacepower: the Search for Strategy Dr Bleddyn E
    FREEMAN AIR & SPACE INSTITUTE The Integrated Review and UK Spacepower: The Search for Strategy Dr Bleddyn E. Bowen Paper 3 About the Freeman Air and Space Institute The Freeman Air and Space Institute is an inter‑disciplinary initiative of the School of Security Studies, King’s College London. The Freeman Institute is dedicated to generating original knowledge and understanding of air and space issues. The Freeman Institute seeks to inform scholarly, policy and doctrinal debates in a rapidly evolving strategic environment characterised by transformative technological change which is increasing the complexity of the air and space domains. The Freeman Institute places a priority on identifying, developing and cultivating air and space thinkers in academic and practical contexts, as well as informing, equipping and stimulating relevant air and space education provision at King’s and beyond. The Institute is named after Air Chief Marshal Sir Wilfrid Freeman (1888–1953), who was crucially influential in British air capability development in the late 1930s and during the Second World War, making an important contribution to the Allied victory. He played a central role in the development of successful aircraft including the Spitfire, Lancaster and Mosquito, and in planning the wartime aircraft economy – the largest state‑sponsored industrial venture in British history. FREEMAN AIR & SPACE INSTITUTE The Integrated Review and UK Spacepower: The Search for Strategy Dr Bleddyn E. Bowen About the author Abstract Dr Bleddyn Bowen is a Lecturer in International Relations This paper examines the role of spacepower and space policy at the School of History, Politics, and International in the midst of the Integrated Review, a nascent Defence Relations at the University of Leicester, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Review 2021: Summary
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 9171, 17 March 2021 Integrated Review 2021: By Claire Mills, Louisa Summary Brooke-Holland The Government published its Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy: Global Britain in a Competitive Age, on 16 March 2021. The following briefing highlights the key points of the review. Further House of Commons Library analysis will follow. 1. Prime Minister’s vision for the UK in 2030 In his introduction to the Integrated Review, the Prime Minister sets out his overarching vision for “Global Britain” within the next decade: • The UK will play “a more active part” in sustaining an international order in which open societies and economies continue to flourish. • The UK will sit at the heart of a network of “like minded countries and flexible groupings” committed to protecting human rights and upholding global norms. • The UK will embrace innovation in science and technology to boost national prosperity and strategic advantage. • The UK will be a “soft power” superpower. • The UK will continue to take a leading role in security, diplomacy and development, conflict resolution and poverty reduction. The UK aims to be a model for an integrated approach to tackling global challenges. • As a maritime trading nation, the UK will be a global champion of free and fair trade. The openness of the UK’s economy will be protected from corruption, manipulation, exploitation and the theft of intellectual property. • Climate change and tackling biodiversity loss will be a priority for the UK on the international agenda. • The UK’s diplomatic service, armed forces and security and intelligence services will be the most effective and innovative, relative to their size.
    [Show full text]