/ P.S.G.A. Department Papers
Latin American Affairs Note on Latin American Affairs - 8 November 1965 2 Note on Latin American Affairs - 10 December 1965 3 The First Tricontinental Conference of Havana - 17 December 1965 4 Note on Latin American Affairs - December 1965 5 The First Tricontinental Conference of Havana - 20 January 1966 6 Dominican Republic - 31 March 1966 7 Note on Latin American Affairs - 4 May 1966 8 Note on the Proposal for a "Summit Conference" of Heads of State of the American Republics - 27 May 1966 9 Note on Latin-American Affairs - 6 June 1966 10 Note on the Presidential Elections in the Dominican Republic - 7 June 1966 11) O.A.S. Charter Amendments on Economic and Social Standards - 24 June 1966 12 Note on the Situation in Argentina - 28 June 1966 13 Note on Latin American Affairs - 12 July 1966 14 Note on Latin American Affairs - 8 August 1966 15 Note on the Bogota Meeting - 23 August 1966 16 Note on Latin American Affairs - 7 September 1966 17 21st Session of the General Assembly - Ecuador - 29 September 1966 18 Summary of Statements in the General Debate - Brazil - 22 September '66 19 21st Session of the General Assembly - Mexico - 27 September 1966 20 21st Session of the General Assembly - Peru - 28 September 1966 21 21st Session of the General Assembly - Costa Rica - 28 September 1966 22 21st Session of the General Assembly - Uruguay - 28 September 1966 23 21st Session of the General Assembly - Panama - 29 September 1966 24 21st Session of the General Assembly - Venezuela - 30 September 1966 25 Note on Latin American Affairs - 7 October 1966 26 21st Session of the General Assembly - Haiti - 13 October 1966 2? 21st Session of the General Assembly Paraguay - 13 October 1966 28 21st Session of the General Assembly El Salvador - 14 October 1966 29 21st Session of the General Assembly Dominican Republic - 17th October 1966 30 21st Session of the General Assembly Hondouras - 18 October 1966 31 21st Session of the General Assembly Cuba - 20 October 1966 32 Views in the General Debate - 21st Session - Latin American Countries - 2 November 1966 33 21st Session of the General Assembly - Colombia - 26 September 1966 34 Note on Latin American Affairs - 7 November 1966 35 Note on Latin American Affairs - 10 December 1966 36 Note on Latin American Affairs - 9 January 1967 37 Note on Latin American Affairs - 10 February 1967 38 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 9 March 1967 39 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 11 April 1967 40 Note on the Conference of Punta Del Este - 17 April 1967
- continued - P.S.C.A. Department Papers - continued - DD. 41 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 9 May 1967 42 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 9 June 196? 43 The Recent Change of Government in Peru - 17 October 1968 44 Note Concerning Recent Events in Peru - 9 April 1969 45 26th Session of the General Assembly - Views of the Latin American and Caribbean States - 9 November 1971 P^S.C.A. ^Department Papers Lat _in American Affairs DD. Note on Latin American Affairs - 8 JTovember 1965 Note on Latin American Affairs - 10 December 1965 The First Trlcontinental Conference of Havana - 17 December 1965 Hote on Latin American Affaire - December 1965 The First Trlcontinental Conference of Havana - 20 January 1966 Dominican Republic - 31 March 1966 Note on Latin American Affairs * 4 May 1966 ?Tote on the Proposal for a "Summit Conference" of Heads of State of the American Republics - 27 May 1966 Note on Latin-American Affairs - 6 June 1966 10 Note on the Presidential Elections in the Dominican Republic - 7 June 1966 11} O.A.S. Charter Amendments on Economic and Social Standards - 24 June 1966 12) Hote on the Situation in Argentina - 28 June 1966 13) Note on Latin American Affairs - 12 July 1966 14 Note on Latin American Affairs * 8 August 1966 15 Note on the Bogota Meeting - 23 August 1966 16 Note on Latin American Affairs - 7 September 1?66 17 21st Session of the General Assembly - Ecuador - 29 September If 66 18 Summary of Statements in the General Debate - Brazil - 22 September 1$ 21st Session of the General Assembly - Mexico - 27 September 1C56 20 21st Session of the General Assembly - Peru - 28 September 1966 21 21st Session of the General Assembly - Costa Rica - 28 September 19^ 22 21st Session of the General Assembly - Uruguay - 28 September 1('-S6 23 21st Session of the General Assembly - Panama - 2^ September Ir55 24 21st Session of the General Assembly - Venezuela - 30 Septemoer 1C65 25 Note on Latin American Affairs - 7 October 1966 26 21st Session of the General Assembly « Haiti - 13 October 19 5 -"j 27 21st Session of the General Assembly - Paraguay - 13 October K''J6 28 21st Session of t^e General Assembly - El Salvador - 14 October K66 29 21st Session of the General Assembly - Dominican Republic - 17th October 1966 21st Session of the General Assembly - Hondouras - IS October 1<"!66 21st Session of the General Assembly - Cuba - 20 October 11-56 Views in the General Debate - 21st Session - Latin American Countries - 2 November 1966 21st Session of the General Assembly - Colombia - 26 September 1966 Not© on Latin American Affairs - 7 November 1966 Note on Latin American Affairs - 10 December 1966 Hote on Latin American Affairs - 9 January 1967 Note on Latin American Affaire - 10 February 1967 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 9 March 1967 Surveji- of Inter-American Relations - 11 April 1967 Hote on the Conference of Punta Del Esfce - 17 April 1967
- continued - P.S.C.A. Department Papers <- continued ~ DD, 41 Survey of Inter-American Relations - c May 196? 42 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 9 June i<"67 43 The Recent Change of Government in Peru - 17 October 1C68 44 Note Concerning Recent Events in Peru - 9 April l?6f- 45 26th Session of the General Assembly - Views of t'-;e Latin American and Caribbean States - 9 November 1971 P.S.C.A. Department Papers Latin American Affairs DD, 1 Note on Latin American Affairs - 8 November 1965 2 Note on Latin American Affairs - 10 December 1965 3 The First Triconbinental Conference of Havana - 17 December 1965 4 Note on Latin American Affairs - December 1965 5 The First Tricontinental Conference of Havana - 20 January 1966 6 Dominican. Republic - 31 March 1966 7 Note on Latin American Affairs - 4 May 1966 8 Note on the Proposal for a "Summit Conference" of Heads of State of the American Republics - 27 May 1966 9) Note on Latin-American Affairs - 6 June 1966 10} Note on the Presidential Elections in the Dominican Republic - 7 June 1966 11) O.A.S. Charter Amendments on Economic and Social Standards - 2^ June 1966 12 Note on the Situation in Argentina - 28 June 1966 13 Note on Latin American Affairs - 12 July 1966 14 Note on Latin American Affairs - 8 August 1966 15 Note on the Bogota Meeting - 23 August 1966 16 Note on Latin American Affairs - 7 September 1966 17 21st Session of the General Assembly - Ecuador - 29 September 1966 18 Summary of Statements in the General Debate - Brazil - 22 September '66 19 21st Session of the General Assembly - Mexico - 27 September 1966 20 21st Session of the General Assembly Peru - 28 September 1966 21 21st Session of the General Assembly Costa Rica - 28 September 1966 22 21st Session of the General Assembly Uruguay - 28 September 1966 23 21st Session of the General Assembly Panama - 29 September 1966 24 21st Session of the General Assembly Venezuela - 30 September 1966 25 Note on Latin American Affairs ~ 7 October 1966 26 21st Session of the General Assembly - Haiti - 13 October 1966 27 21st Session of the General Assembly - Paraguay - 13 October 1966 28 21st Session of the General Assembly El Salvador - 14 October 1966 29 21st Session of the General Assembly Dominican Republic - 17th October 1966 21st Session of the General Assembly Hondouras - 18 October 1966 21st Session of the General Assembly Cuba - 20 October 1966 Views in the General Debate - 21st Session - Latin American Countries - 2 November 1966 21st Session of the General Assembly - Colombia - 26 September 1966 Note on Latin American Affairs - 7 November 1966 Note on Latin American Affairs - 10 December 1966 Note on Latin American Affairs - 9 January 1967 Note on Latin American Affairs - 10 February 1967 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 9 March 1967 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 11 April 1967 Note on the Conference of Punta Del Este - 17 April 1967
- continued - P.S.C.A. Department Papers - continued - BD. 41 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 9 May 1967 42 Survey of Inter-American Relations - 9 June 1967 43 The Recent Change of Government in Peru - 17 October 1968 44 Note Concerning Recent Events in Peru - 9 April 1969 45 26th Session of the General Assembly - Views of the Latin American and Caribbean States - 9 November 1971 MUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: The Secretary-General
FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE 1 NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION
-o.» •*^L
Date: 11 Nov. 1965 .M. Jordan
CR. 13 (11-64) November 1965
OCTOHER1265
Copy Ho0/» B Mcnreraber 1965
NDTE_gHi Ic lo The Do&dnicsn situation., the preparations for the Second Special Inter- toeslean Conference aKrf. whether these preparations would be affected by internal political events In Brasil were the jaaisi questions In Latin jussrleao. affairs during October. In the Dominican Republic the situation remained tense; and uncertainty continued with regard to the future of the country. As a wholes in the hsaaisphere," the political and social instability has increased, Serious internal political troubles were reported especially in Bolivia, Erasil, Colombia^ Peru and Uruguay. 2« In Bra-ail, after setbacks resulting from opposition gains in the elections held oxi 3 October and f rora the stand taken bj the President of th© Suprems Court Pre'sideant Castallo Braneoas government, under pressure from hard-line elements in the anajj took'extraordi'nary powers at the end of the south„ The government took fozraal action allegedly to continue to carry out its economic reforms K and to give the nation a period of "tranquilitj 0 But, as wrote the Neg_Yo_rk Times of 2& October 19&5? in abolishing a!.l political parties, in packing the Supreme Cotirta in expanding t&e power of the military, and in declaring that the ne^cfc President.td.ll be elected by indirect is8anss the Government was destrojdrag the democratic instittAions esssiitiel for real participation in Brasil"s sconondc reaovery0 Fisrthermore it was likely that the Goverrorsnt's authoritarian powers would foster more resentment and unrest and thus undermine the prospects for internal development, 3« Though th© US Government expressed in Septeabsr its desire to tske steps to improve its relations with the countries of the hemisphere no significant results were reported, Instear;s ther® was a growing' criticism of the US poliej in Latin Asssriea as emphasised bjr the strong protests in the parliaraants of Argentina, Chile, Colonibia, Messico., Peru and Uruguay against the resolution adopted by the US House of Represent stives on 20 September in connection with the possibility of US armed intervention in axiy Latin American comibry,, =2- The situation in the Dosainican Republic rensained tenss and potentially Several clashes bet\feea the Dominican army ®nd ci'Vilians were 5. On 25 October, strong inter-Arc-rt can forces occupied the former rebel sector in Santo Dosdngo0 The GAS action was taken at the request of the Provisional Government. It was reported that this rsove was aimed at forestalling a new DoBdnican crisis,, Rightist military chiefs were believed to be plotting a coup to overthrow Provisional President Hector Garcia Gcdoy, 60 The decision to secure the downtown area of Santo Dominto by ths OAS Force was takesi after high-level consultations., The US President was unieratood to have renewed the Dominican sitiiation on this occasion. Though no official explanation was given, it was reported., however., that the Inter-American Force had acted to avoid a showdown between Br<, Garcia Gcdoy and the 3]oirdnican ndlitarj chiefs0 A Dominican military spokesman announced., however, that the later- American Peace Force was acting SBbeeaiise of ths critical situation and the presence of annsd civilians" in the former rebel sose0 7» The Tenth Mssting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs Sias been discussing ths Recoos^ndations of tlis Seaanc General Report of x>he MJloc Go!Bisittee5 dated 14 S^Jt©ab©r 3.965 (Doc0 374, Revc) eraong them ths questioas of the desigjuttion of a personality as Sper4.al Eepreseatatitre of the OAS in the Dominican Rsptiblie (Recommendation 4) and ths aaenaer snci date of withdrawal of the lnter~MerieaE Peace Force (Recommendation 6)0 No agreement has been reached on two draft resolutions intreduced to this effect by ths delegates of Brazil, El Salvador and the United St&tes0 On the question of the Force, the IB Secretai^ of Stats said on 14 October that the Inter-American Force possibly would be asked to "stay a while longer" until political conditions in the Dominican Republic bsesase mors stable. Mr. Dean Rusk expressed hop© that the country t&uld establish a "stable, prosperous arid peaceful situation" before the elections scheduled for June next- year. Accordirg to the Under- secretary of State, Tc Masm,j the "dsager of eofflnsmisra" in the Dominican Republic was still considerable ard a preaattas'© withdrawal of the Intsr-= American Force would affect the resurgence of deaiocraey in that country. In this [email protected].,thsr® are stiggestioas that the elections may have to bs postponed at least until the autumn of 19660 80 In the eeonosiic field, experts estimate that the sivii war in the Dominican Republic cost the countxy at least 10 per cent of the gross national product; that might have been exacted for this year. The damage is eoffipoiEKlf^i by droppiisg world prices for sugar and cocoa and ths restrictions on coffee ©sports «= the thre© most important cash crops of the Dojaisiican Republic^ The total value of all goods aad services produced by this country - the gross mtional product =• will be at least 15 per eeat Iowa? this year than in 19o4o Last yearss estinated figure was f824 million^.about $250 per capita,, 9o Mr. Jack Hood Vssghsn,, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs stated that the US would not pay_ a ay isderonity for^the intervention collapsings he said, the IB bad cor&ributed soss |60 asillion in emergency aid since the outbreak of the civil war in April0 Tfesse funds, eonbrolled by the Agencj for International Devdopment and the OAS? did rot include disbursement for the US forces in the Dominican Republicf which to some extent also benefited the eeonos^-* 10o The si^il war bas solved nors of the old probl©JO® cf the Dominican Republic but has created many n©v,? oaes. Hew social tensions have developed, Strikes and other manifestations of unrest are expected to plague the present Provisional Government and future Administrations0 As reported by ths Special Representative of the Secretary«=Geaeral in the Doadnican Republic, because of the xanease a^d tension^ the Provisional Administration had corns to a state of virtual standstill at the end of October. II! o llo Preparations have continued for the Second Special Jnter-AjiBricsE Conference in Rio de Janeiro scheduled for 17 November 1965« As & resiilt of the Dominican crisis the conference was twice postponed^ Moreover, Mexico,, Panama^, and Honduras indicated at the last meeting of the Preparatory Consols slon of the Conference at the sud of September, that they would have preferred 1? March 3-966 as ths date for ths eonferersee,. This attitude has been connected v^ith the persisting Bonaniean crisis as well as the sittiation in Brasilo The Brazilian Government's decision of 27 October to assi?s.e practically extraordinary powers has rsiaved the controversy on the opportunity of holding the conference oa * This question has been dealt with in detail in a separate note of 3 November. 17 K-ovembero Sons Latin American Governments, inel^isjg Venezuela and Chile., have reportedly indicated that such an important conference should wait for a more suitable moment, Otherss includitTg the US Government., have considered that indefinite postponement of the meeting would underscore the weakness of the OASo 120 The conference mil consider various natters of importance in strengthening the Inter-American system,. But it eaa adopt only those measures that do not require the amendment of the GAS Charter. The revision of the Charter would call for a difficult and long procedure, While the majority of the Latin toeriean countries are in'favor of the revision of the Charter at a third special inter-American conference, the US does not seem to favor it0 13 o The first item,, "Functioning arad strengthening of the inber-Asuerican system" 9 dominates the agenda of the eonferenee. In this connexion the conference will ©seasdne the possibility and advantages of holding high-l">vel annual meetings to review the activities of the OAS and take appropriate measures.. There seems to be a general agreement in favor of high-level annual meetings. 14o Tiie conference mil also pay attention to working relations between the QASp inter-American entities, and other international agencies = a matter which might be of great interest for the UN. 15o The creation of a permanent Inter-American Force constitutes a aajor problem for the OAS and has divided, the members of that Organisation,, The present agenda of the Rio Coherence does not include the creation of such a force as a topic0 Sfewrtheless, once the meeting gets tender way9 two thirds of the delegates could vote to place the subject on the agenda. The proposal might also be considered lander the first item of the agenda., which is broad enoug^h to permit such an interpretation,. However, there is an important group of 7-atin American countries (Argentina, Chile,, Mexico, Perus Uruguay^ fenesuala) -which opposes the creation of the Fores. The United States seems interested in the establishment of the Fores,> but usder the present circum- stances has refrained from pressing the isSUB. The problem could be sent to a working coasaittee for further st«dj0 l6c The results of the Rio Conference are uncertain. Under present international circumstances, par-tieularly in the light of the persisting Dominican crisis^ thers is not much optimism as to important results coming out of this meetingo In the econosdc field, the US Government does not seem to be prepared to make any major concessions which would be of the utmost importance to Latin American countsleso Some nsasures to strengthen the inter-American system might be taken buts in the opinion of many observers, the Rio Conference will probably 5- as a sounding board for various points of view on the role and future of the system The outcome may be another Special Conf sraace to consider a revision of the Bogota Charter. According to ^g^Eeonondst. of 9 October th© conference opens np & period of bargaining in which the United States will seek tighter security ard peacekeeping arrasg ©seats, while the Latin American countries will seds ecoiaosdc iffiprQ-sremeKtSo 17 o In the latter respect, several proposals will be submitted to the conferences, including a Treaty of Economic Solidarity., proposed by Chile, and an Intes> American Emergency Aid Fund,, proposed by MesdLeo,, 18o A main factor which affected the relations between the United States and Latia American countries has been ths r© solution adopted by the US House of Representatives on 20 September with regard to the possibility of US armed intervention in the area. 19 a The Latin American reaction is very critical,* Some Latin American governments and parliaments (Bolivia., Chiles Colombia,, Mesdco., Peru and Uruguay) expressed eosceni en the resolution which violates, in their opinion,, th© principle of non=>intervention0 The Bolivian Foreign Ministry stated that. the stand taken by the US House of Represssxtati^es does not contribute to the strengthening of the intar-Ameriean relations,, In a coB3E.urd.qus issued on 11 October,, the EReeutdve Conradttee of the iKEtsr-Aneriean Parliament called oa the hsmisphere governments to reject all unilateral intervention. The coiannmique assarted that the resolution of the US House o£ Representatives is contrarj to th© basic principles OH which the heajisphsre system was founded, and represents a "grave retrogression in hemisphere relations arid reveals a deep crisis" in the regional syst@a0 200 On the other- hasdfl in the IB Gozgress,, Senator Wayre Morse said on 13 October that the "US Government itself is divided." over what should be its Latin American policy0 Accordiig to Senator Morse, there was a split between those who believed iaa. policy of intervention and those who support the non-interirention principle. In his cp3J3ioiiy the Second Special Inter- Amerf.can Conference would be difficult for the United States under the present conditions, and he thought it would haire been naich leas difficult if the House of Representatives had not adopted the resolution of 20 September,, 21. Another fast of same importance in the relations between the United States and Latia America has beea the adoption by the US House of Representatives on 13 October of the sugar bill. The Latin American countries are not satisfied ,6= with OS policy in this fieldo On this occasion it- was reported that the quotas initially assigned usder a US Department of Agriculture formula to Australia9 China (Taiwan);, India snci South Africa were larger than its proposed quotas to any of the Central and South American states except Brazil and Peru<> 220 Some uneasiness in Latin America was also reported in consis;-d.on with the new US move to p^Sfc a csilisg of 120SGQO a year on emigration from other countries of the Western Hemisphere into the United States0 Latin Americana feel that in losing the unrestricted right to conns into the United States as irasdgrants, they are losing a small handhold in the hemisphere preference It was said that the main reason for putting the ceiling on Western Hemisphere countries was the desire of some US Senators from the South to keep Jamaicans and other HegroQS from coming to the United States in evsr=increasing mimbers0 According to the sponsors of the billj, the Cuba® iaflux would have to bs handled outside the regular isandgration channels# and therefore would not affect the Hemisphere quota0 The countries that would be most affected by the limitation are Canada., Mexico and Giiba0 Of 153.,000 people who emigrated to the United States from the Western Hemisphere countries last ysar? 40^000 canie from Caaadaj, 35SQQO from Mesico and 20.>000 from Cuba» 23o Ko significant events toolc place with regard to Panama Canal after the statement issued by Presidents Johnson and Robles on 24 September,,- The agreement between the two countries mainly provides that the 1903 Canal Treaty will bs abrogated and that the new treaty will effectively recognise PanaJEa's sovereignty ©ver the ar©a of the present eanalo The agreement appeared to have received favourable acceptance both in Washington and Panama0 However, in Panama,, soss© criticism earns from thsopposition partieso 24o ^hs agreement reached by Cuba and the United States over the transporta- tion of Cuban refugees to the United States may have apositi'-ve significance., This represents the first government^to-governjasnt negotiation between the two countries since they broke diplomatic relations in 196l0 Although negotiations for the agreement were conducted through Sivlss diplomatic channels., from the Cuban point of view., ths US policy of noa~recognition has been at least partly breached^ It was iKiberpreted that ths agreement together vath its successful isaplementation,, nay eventually open the way for a further relaxation of tension between Cuba and the United Sts.tes0 ?o Lat in. _ Anseri c sa Xategyat log IBrTin-rt-n-.ll "-rr~r 'T-f T"V*~"!.r'"'"ir " i-—y^T""'""*'-"' • -• *nam wm-i^n-!-»»ig-jM 250 -'The necessity of Latia American economic integration was reiterated by several Latin American countries during the General Debate at the present UN Assembly sessioffio The Presidents of Argentina and Chile,, after their saeetissg in Mendosa,, stated on 31 October that they considered th© eventual union of Latin Amexica "imperative" for the economic and social development of the Western Hemisphere,, They proposed a conference of the Latin Mexican Sieads of state to exsndne this p:roblesa0 The nssebing would probably take plac© nest 3?ear, Furthermore^, the foreign minister of Chile., speaking at an "Opsn Forum of the Hemisphere" in New York at the end of September called on the inter-American governments to refora the antes?-Ames!can system immediately to bring about economic integration. The Chilean Governm©r& will announce at the Rio Conference the changes in the OAS in particular., and th© inter-American system in general3 that it considers are vital to reach th© goals of the Alliance for Progress, What is required in the first plac©^ ±n the opinion of the Chilean Government, !5is a political decision which will e^cpress a will to advance economic integration'3,. The Foreign Minister of Chile remarked that while it was the politicians of Europe who provided the drive behind th© European. Comaoxi Market,, Latin &asriea9s integration has been promoted bj econoadsts and technicians0 VI o DemelearizatigH.afjiatin t America 26a During the Gsaeral Debate ia the General Assembly soms Latin American eountriesj, particularly Mexico8 dealt with this probLeia, The Latin American representatives favoured in principle general disarmament9 but considered that little had been achieved on the wo^ld level in 1965 in this fieldo Mexico referred to the possibility of an agreement on disarmament measures between the non-nuclear powers0 The obstacles which so far have prevented any agreement at a world level are not of the same magnitude or scope ia these countrisso 2?o However, in the regional field •=> stated some Latin American delegations <=• Latin America achieved encouraging results in the denuclearisation of the a2*ea0 Mexico particularly praised the work of the Preparatory Cozmission for the Denuclearization of Latin Americao The Preparatory Commission agreed to set up a Bsgotiatisag eossHittee whidi^ during the present session of the General Assesblys will attempt to obtain by means of negotiation with the representatives of the nuclear Powers9 a eonsdtisent that they will respect the legal status of the denuclearisation of Latin America, Nevertheless, before the conclusion of a treaty for the denuclearization of Latin America, many important obstacles^ particularly resulting from the existence of US and Preach possessions in the area^will have to be overeoia@0 VII o Otfctgr Froblgms 2B0 Referring to the Eoltvian»Chiiean disputs,ths representative of Bolivia stated during the General Debate of the present Assssnblj session that land- locked, countries* amcrag them Bolivia^ cannot be deprived of acesss to the ssa by urdlatsral decisions of other States. Argentina declared that the anachro&isia of the solonial system still prevails in Latin Asnerieao In this respect? the UK exercises mi illegal administration cnrer the Malw.Ea? (Falkland) Islands whichf. IK the opinion of the Argentine Go^er-nmsKt, are an integral part of Argsntin9.0 PurtliesTaore, ths Congress of Venesuela adopted on 14 a resolution ©stressing "uaaninious and firm support for the just and ps,i Veneauelan dLaim to aearly 60S000 square roilss of British Guiaaa terri-toryo 29° The necessity for Latin America to expand and diversify its foreign trade has 'been reflected by the tread f a¥0iirirg the increase of Western Homlsphsre conmereial ties with fchs Socialist courstrlesc The B-!inisfcer of Trade and Corasaeree of Canada confiriasd oa25 Octob®? that his cour^iy had signed oss of ths biggest i^heat^sale coatracts in history with the Peoplecs Republic of Ghinas a sale w»rfch at Isast 1400 sii3J.ioae It w&3 also reported that the PRO would probably purchase a s'applemeatar'y 1 million tons of Argentine wheat„ On the other hand, the USSJt OR 30 Septenfoer signed a £90 million contract %-dth a private Braaliaa firia to b'uild a shale oil refirdrtg plant c ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TOj~°* The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR ©IFJBRMATION Date: FROM: g MOTE OJJ LATIH AMERICAN AFFAIRS - HOVtMBER 196s ON LATM AMERICMJ AFFAIKS • OR jj4tr»ageagG»fc' 'JjgM r -' -1 ! 10 ' The Second Special later-American Conference ±11 E:?.o do fev:.L:c; •.;.>.;; •>=;:,=. 2:oct. important event iri the development of Wester-n Kearispha.ve affair j r.'vc-ing .Fov^bsi* 1965 o At the same tinje, the situation In the Dorclnicari republic .-'.till rccrd .r-s d tsrtseg althoiagh sons imprf^vesaaats were reported. The jpoJ-itical ;:;.nrl -jocial ins'tability contimzssd to be • a ajattsp of concern in-Latiii M-j^'it;?., Thore ir;.;s a lie Se -Cuban agj^ssiiarit eoneeraiag Cuban refugees t A3.so. tbs Id.c-. o:r; L?.tdu A'n.^nlca integration was reiterated, id-thout auy su.bstajj.tlal ' 2o The Second Spselal Inter-Askerieaa 'Gonfere&ss was held f:-;'C'f;. 17 •- S3 Eovcaabss? .In Rio d© Janeiro* Th© Gonferenc© was atteadsd by Foraign !tl:o:Lj?.tc,rG frc^ 19 State's of the GAS* Veneauasla^ which does not recognise Erasil^s rsilitargi' s did not attend, the meetings Cuba dd.d not par-ticipsts sines it has,, : in. ef fect9 been e2ieludsd by the OAS fron the latsr-AiEariaan si-si-x ';--.sc^se of its ' p?es©iit 'rsgiass o ' • 3o Til® Rio Confsrenee t^a.s the first InteaEt«-Asssr±eaa'Gcxsi!'QrsrtG'o si'a'.cs the Caracas Goafeysne® .in 1954 s essept for the First Special IatorWiii'3^:U:?ii Ccnf ^ecraco held last, year,, and. which dealt, allusively 'with admission of iisw rAsi'bor:.- to tha 0.ftSw 4o ' The circumstandes in ^hioh the Corifepsnee took plaeo were far fe'oai be.lng ••"ideal. The latin /me^ieaa cotmtries have indiseS bsan dseply divided CTTOP Gufcas the' BosiKlean Repiblie, sdlitarj couj® ,a*si the econessio problens of aa T.-ndfS3?=» da^alopsd region dealiisg With^ and largely dependent 'apc-r'.j, the l'?A:. :rn. 5.nd-iot;x".al:'-3.;f2 j Territorial disputes betwssa Latin Asasyican Sta">es ha ve 5;.v- ':-i2ii"iod0 of the uS isailafceral intesrsrsnticsa ia the Dosdniean P,-"-r;vi:';.:lc rs^siaiuti ^ Cfei 'those grouiids j arsi on tlie basis of tlic fi'lsa'si'clo at' ncr^ilr.teyve-.it.lo;,:^ issfluential Latia African nations opposed tho e,:-,-satioa of i- p-;:r-E:'3.ii:iiib BriGan airaasd fores* .As a result, tho Eio Gos.fsrenGS r-^Iuscri tc go floMg •with the IB proposalo • I/ This ga°cblem buis been'dealt *d.th in det;iil in a sep«.rata Sott cf 1 5o Prior to the opening of the Conference^, Brasil assured the particd.pat5.ag . delegations that no aggressive^ narrcvr majority would izaposo controversial decisions. Aceordi&gljr* the Conference concentrated at first oa reaching Esnts with unanimousf or near unanisaaus, supporte Bre.s:D.% «saphas:is on c backed oy Argentina, Peru and other Latin, tesi-iean nations,, reflected concorn over* the weakening effects of divided irotes on ma^or political issu.es s such as the US intervention, in the Boadnican Repu&Lieo 60 The main topics on the Conference agsnda were the following. &) Functioning and strengthening of the ]feter-»AiffiBrieaa b) Economic *md social dewlojstssnt of the hemisphere! c) Impro'ireEieat of E-sthcds and ii^tnaimsats for the peaceful of d:lsputes5 d) 2hter«lBS2>iean Peace CosiBaittesi e) Protection of huasan rigbts and conaidoratioa of the di'aft ' £ ) Strengfch©nis.g of ^epresent-atiTro dejnocs'acy in the bsi g) A^icultiiralj indxistrial aiti cousaercial iise of iats^iational and 7o . The main objective of the Goaferme© appeared to be to seek to modernize the institutions and principles of the regional sijBtem and adjtsst them, to the mjosr -'"'••..•-'' " . * . ' . • devalopasht in the ar®a"<, There i/as a geissral agreement on this necessity aiai ths Secretai7«-GsK'K?al of the OAS stated OES e more in the x-eport to tho Conf <22?®ue® tfcst the i3Sichinei?y of the in&ar-.teriesn systesi should be isaisdiateLy sjodesiiiaed to enable it to deal with taslcs bscoising ever more complicated,, So Therefore, the first item "functioning and stveagbheniag of the inbe?-»American system" dontiLnated the agenda. Although the topic did not appear f ozsaaHjr on th© ageiidas fehs creation of en iater-Asserican militaiy fores became the aa2n poLitdcal objective' of the US ia the Cojiferejse©c, In the isiaisgural spsoehs the Brasiliaa Ptesideiit - supperting the : US initiative ~ stated that, the Aiasricaa Hepublics naist > adopt eoHafrfcdtoe 'fors^ of defence against "CcfflEtoist aggi'sssioa"<, Hcs>rev©E 6, he acld&d; &?sail did not want to see any coustbsy take'^sslir-d/ced decisions in tbs interests of continental security",. Aside from Byasll* apparently en2# Paraguay, Haiti and a f ow other sicall Caribbean republics supported the WS p03itlcac 9o In consequence of the opposition of many Latin American countries,, including soBze of the iaoat influehtial like Jfeadco5 Cfiilej, Urugsia^s Peru and Colombia., t&e' US did not insist' on ttieir proposal. The IB Secretary Q? State merely pointed ctufc, ? - - j~ ' • in a caafcious language, «m 2L No^sisflber, the need to establish ne*f intsr-AsJieric'aii " mechaniems to "safeguard democratic progress" against 'totalitarian -fcakeov^* and -3- rule whether coining from the esctrejae right or the exbrerae left". Referring to the iiiter~A2ierican armed fores in ths Dondrdeaa Republic, Mr-. Dean Rusk said it would be useful for the Conference to examine the desirability of establishing "voluntary contribution" to international psaee-fosepiag opsratioas on a aior© elderly basis Sa advance of their possible fixture use* Hever-thsless, there was no £ormal saove -by the IS on the creation of a pssssanezit irauer-Ameriean armsd force* Thus> the US appeared to have load© oa3y a tactical nsanosuwe in ordsr to re-open the problem under utore favourable conditions« 106 The principle of noa-int«rvetttioa ia the iriterasl affairs of ofchor states <^-i was repeatedly unheld ^ the Latin delegates who quoted Art. 15 of the Charter of Bogotas undo? which no State or group of States has the right to intervene directly jor indirectly for emj reason Mhafcews? in the internal or eacfcemal affairs of other StatQ« The Foreigi Minifffcer of Chiles expressing the prevailing declared that "the inleir«»Ais0jficsJi force womld gJLvo omj regiosta'l Astern a and dangerotis ideological conrystatica, it would destroy the fundajaental principle of noii'»interv«afcionj aad would thraatea to divide us into irreconcilable blocs 5?0 Ho Colombia introduced & draft resolution reaffirming the principle of noa= intervention,, |iowevsra on a laanoeu^re to avoid a controversial vote., the Colombian draft resoltition was sent to the Drafting CcEEaittee which ^sas workissg on general principles to guide a forfehcojaiog Special later-.Aussrican Coaferene®. 12« The Confersaco adopted oa 30 November the "Declaration of Rio de Janeiro'* •wiiich ihcludssj in .the first part^ a programme of reforass of the OAS and., In the second part, a declaration on developasnfc policy* She tejcfc of lihe Dscl&ratioa mde no reference to the IB plan for a hemisphere arasd forcso 13<* The prpgyaBaae of refonas of the QftS calls for an annual later-American conference. The Chaster of Bogota specified that the inter-American coafe?«ac© should be held ©veay five years, la the fut-tarej such a coaferenfie vroxild saset each year, at a fixed d'ate, £a rotafcica aaong the capitals of Header States0 $bs ptirpose would be to fix a gsaeral policy f It wiH5 iri effect^ sake the Alliance for ft*ogj»ess an integral part of the inter- . • . • . * American systeni. The dsclaratioa reaffirm th.3 comnjitsii^it of Msabe? States to promote the economic and social development of the Heiuispiier©. "EconoauLe,,, social assd cult'ural progress - notes the declaration ~ depends basically on the szcbilisatioa of nationalj hmian. and ssaterial resora?cesttt. The chapter on econcsd.c integration conssits the Ifeaber countries to pursue the objective of a. Comon Market for Latin America, Also, the declaration pledges the Member States to the eli&inatioa of trade preferences aad other discrisdnatory practices timt hinder the access of the hemisphere's products to world narkets. Howevers in ordaa.' to implement these provisions, the US irould still have to make substantial economic and trad© concessions to the Latin=>Azsericsn countries^ 166 The approval of the declaration on development policy Might be the most important. . . concrete result of the Rio Conference, and represents a -victory for the Latin American countries (ClrLle^ Meslcc- and others)., which stressed the urgency of the eeoaoaaie and social problems for the development of the regioao 17o Border controversies botweon /"rgentisia aad Chile., Chile and Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, created some uneasiness and concern at the Conf «renc©« However, aeido from some sharp exchanges Between the parties directly concerned, these questions were not the subject of general discussion. The Conference established a raw approach to the solution of border disputes, adopting a resolution which will give to the OAS Political Council the "necessary facilities" to proisote the peaceful settleanent of such disputoso 1S,> The Issue o.f peseS"ke©pin§ machinery in the Western Hemisphere E!EO g£.vs rise to controversy 3aa the Confisrenso,. During ths deb-its on ohe 2tsso-r:,v;;;3:.:.^.tio:^s included in the Ds«sla?ation of -Rio de Janeiro , a discuss ion d^v^lopcd or si- a reference to assigning "aaJjateasRC© of peaces'* duties to th? O/VS ncA:-.tio:'J, '>/;:.. .-LI Chile and. Srssguagr proposed an as?.sudmQ^.t to cliMr^to thaL rcfere^e^ •" .? . r.~. ..r'-^ was defeated 10 to By with the Dossiniean Republic sbstaiv^^^., Voting -with the liS against the amendment v«re Bolivia.) Costs. Ric special Ihti3?~tesricsua GoKfQyeiice nsxt yeax» .1% order to revise tiie Bogota Charter 0 The ittost signd-iicant acliieirGmeat of the Conforenc1} ;;r;2^:3d to be the adoption of the 'declaration on dewlop&ent 'in the ecoizcaic and .^orx'.nl field in an atteiayt t-o projupte eeoificaaie solid srity o.f t/Sie 32I« '-"Sit.ur ii" • ' •irvinv~*~**"**^'"""i**~'i"-i'r*tr'f~a tion in thi'-naftn'r e T D^dmca•riivr^""~'->n"-ft'~Tir»^Tt'nr .21.* Accos*cUr«s to a reporii of the Special Ticps-es^nl.-*-. .-,.? :?? the IT' S in tlis Dcaainieaw Hepubiie,, the sitaatioa :T.n J->^.-- ccr.ntr^r v:.;r-iiied still in JJoY^aber although sbaas' ps'ogyess has bsaa i.^-" vO'-rt •••dc the r of riorssil confiitioiis in the city of Santo Domingo and thv-wughout the i 2/ Argentinaj Bolivia«, Golojabia^ Ghils, Ecxiador, Guatsitala^ Pa2 agfiay5 Poruj USA " and Veneauelac, Cuba has not ratified the Pact eitherj Bras.il ratified the' Pact on the eve of the •» O ==» The bulk of the Infeer'-^iserlcan Peace Force has bssvi withdratyrx from the city of Santo Dcsuingo together with tanks and raany heaify weapons «, ilore^or,, sors; 600 troops remain thers* Slew^, but definite progress a was being nad© ia ths integration of the foraer "constitutionalist" forces with ths Dotainiean armed 22» The Provisional GcrveasiTssnt was pisr suing its efforts to oves-'sojae problens eneoxintered .in ©asuriag the process of law, a task which has been complicated by difficulties betweea the civilian authorities aad the arsrad forses and polie© of the Dominican Republic. Rocsnt3.3r., there has bssn some irapiyovsHsnt in that situation, However., there i-jere ruBaours and reports of an iaapendirig j323S2js|IJffesi, by elsffisnts of the esisebss right. By the middle of Hovesab©rs the political situation v&s causing geasffal concarii among leaders of siaj or political mrties and other iiajicE'fcant personalJ.tiee « C^i 12 HoT^abers rep^eseritatives of several political parties, •„..'.. » includisg the Partido Raf orasista and. tJie Parfcido EeToluncioaario DoasLnieano^ plalged in a public documarit to refrain for a paricd of foiu.' months from political acti^rities likely to catase disturbances , and generally to contribute to fch® sts?sngtheniag of peace in the country., in antieipaticw o.f the general eLectioa 3ii 1966« Ob 20 Kovestoer^ Presidsat Garcia Godoy affirasd in a press statemesfc that soz® "discredited political eleaeats" w®?e plotting against his Govsr-nmeni0 Was S3a Oa 21-22 Hovemberj, an «ixsuceessful coup^^lM^ attempted in Sasafciagp0 Xt was rapidly suppressed by the police and by elements of the DoisLniean araed forces. The radio station IJTambo?:Slnn9a2? SaritSsgo was occupied for- a shcr't tims bgr rebel arsied £G.eBBofcsP >rho began broadcasting a proclamatioa Prior to the eoup^ t(B Ambassador Eilsworfcli Bxajker, sssnber of the GAS Ad Qj stated that the Rfovieional Goveraaent had the complete support of th® OAS and that a coup ..dt|^tefc against it would bs a blot* to the OJB and to its Jtenber 7 According to jjsjfos|d@ of 24 November.. this statement constituted s •warning to the military leaders who are opposing the ProiTisioaal Government., and discouraged thssHo However a the Dominican military leaders are continuing te impress upoa the IB fche necessity of a strong action against the so-called esti'-es® left HSD'/emsnto 26o Hore 5-nTor-jiation about the IS intervention in the Dominican Republic leaked out from Vfeishingfccin on the eve of the Second Spseial Xntsr^Amerioan Confarene©c, 2t seemsd that the US Go^ezTiSBnt wanted to keep secret a testimony before th© Senate that threw new light on its intervention in the DcsnisrLeaa Republic <> It was.,/ feared 'thai publication of the record, would relcindl© a bitter debate and bolster the criticism.? aiaoag others , of Senator Fulbright^ Chaimars of the Foreign Relations Committee^ That testimony drafeSi 2ja.sk siamer by the Senat® Poreiga Relations Comuittee froia high officials" of the State and Dsfeijse Departments aud the CIA '9 reportedly produced evidence of the foiiov/ingi a ) That the US Governmsnt e3tplicitly solicited from a ruzop military junta in the Dosdaican Republic the urgest request last 2S April that it send troops to protect Ajaeriean lives j b) That at the start of the Dominican civil war last 24 April «, th® US Goverassnt decided that csily the sdlit-a3?y could effective^ prevent a "Cosutuaist tskeov©?"., The US worked thea behind the to bolster the military forces while still professing ter^ntion^ but was prepared to use its ovm troops if th© gained the xipper hassdj c) That the US Gcweraajenfc ms deteradnad to prevent the retis?a of former President Jiasa Bosch, and to pa- event a victory by his rebel supporters because it believed that they bad saade "an effective alliance" Kith Doadnican Cosaaaanistsj d) That after landing 21^000 troops 3Ji the Bomlraajsan capitalj, the US Government seriously considered an attack to wipe out the rebel forces and was deberrod oialy because of the hi$i nufliber o? casualties it ^>rould have inflicted on women and childrenj 9) That even before the revolt the US Govsmfflsafc ga^e not onljr e3Etansive econoaiic aid but also political advice to the civilian jiinta of Dona3.d Reid Cabx-al even thou^i it kaew f roa its otm pu.blie opinion spoils that the juafca bad no popular support and was planning to cancal elections sehedialsd for Septejab Dominican qiiota in the US sugar market' (f^caa 341j>000 toss a yvsr to 600aOOO tona • represent SO per e 'IV • o Relationsjbetwee•*!•«• i BIP >• ail HMN"T^"^'"l« l"^"**! nusn I «thr'T *'*ei iiHii^nir*Mi^|iiiMUnited. »ir««iia|i«inii^..Stat'&is |ii inan' i*-tfirr«nT-m^wd latdf ""-•"•••—-a—"rr-TT™n Ameriet1—'TJTx - 32, Uo spectatiuLar developaeiib took place in the relations between the US awl latin America. Latin Ansrican criticism of the US' policy of the US Secretary of State, Dean Rus!c9 ami of Senator Robert Kennedy to SDSJS Latin American countries „ There were al.& -anti -American demonstrations in tha Dominican Republic, where the oapulsioa of US Ambassador to the GAS Ad hoc [email protected], Ellsjfor-tb Bunker, was requested* 34«- 3&e US has ppecial interests in Latin America c IB investments :ln the area total close to $9 billion at present compared to $301 billion five years ogoe Net • (3S direct ittvestzaants in Latin Amsrica increased la ist year to $156 taillicn coapared to $69 fflillicm in 1963 « However, in comparisoa with other areas, US direct investiasnts in Lktin tosrica lagged during the first half of the sixties. This is sefe» by the fact that the proportion of such investment in ths ares has fallen irbia 2?02 j&sr cpnt of the ubrld-wide total iri 1959 to 2206 per cent in 1964. The Season for this situation is largely due to Snflaiioaairy pressures and sconcaiic disorders in kaa«y cbuntxfiiss of tHe area* It is also a result of early Amer-isaa fears that the Cubaii e25perienoe might spread to other nations* • 35* The Sixth Conference of Araiy Chiefs of An&ricaii States took place Ln Ldcn • (Peru) at the WginnSng of Koveaibsr, with the participation of the USA and several latin American countries,, Plans for "continental defence11 against possible aggression were; discussed* According to the Coasis3nd.er of the Peruvian Arji^ the B main objecti-ve of the Conference was preventing Coaa8Stnist infiltration"u Hcsweva*, ; tHe repreaentatiTes of {frugal, Chile5 Htasdco and oths'rs repcs-tedly did not accept the thesis of "ideological frontiers" supported by the USA, Brasil and Argentina., The Conference reflected the concern of the USA and some Latin ^asrican becktse '^' of 'tiie Increasing giieriila warfare in I«atin 36o The IS - Cuban agreeajent providing for the air-lifting to the US of 3 to 4*000 Cuban refugees a month was of ficially -antiouncsd in Havsna on 6 Kovsmhero The aii'lift was to start by 1 Decoabsrc The agreement Vas negotiated through the Government of 37=. The US Government stateasjats of 6 Mbveaiiber reflected the liiaited scops of the agreement* The White House snid that the agreesaant "does not affect our broad policy toward Cuba". A State Department spokesnjan stated that during the Havana - 10 - e negotiations a the UB had rejected Pleader Fidel Castro s offer to expaad the agreement to include exchanges ©f IS and Cuban cultural and other groups0 dialogue has been established''^ the spokesman said, that oould lead to negotiations on other major issues such as IB restrictions on travel to Cubac 38<, PreHior Fidel Castro stated on 31 Oatober that he foresaw "no general in, Washington-Havana ties "until US relations vith othsr parts of the ttorld iasprove" 39* However , the agreeaanfc represents the first negotiation at goverrensnt level between the two counttrfes since they broke diplomatic relations in 1961* Although limited in its scope, the agreement oa refugees say eventually open the way for- a relaxation of tensions between. Cuba and the IMted States 0 tfo latin American 40* The Second Special Inkor-Amerieaia Conference reiterated 'the idea of Latin American integration and invited the Member States to pursue the objective of a Comon. Market for the whole of latin Anericao The issue also doadimted the debates "at the Conference of the Foreign Ministers of tha Latin American Fres Trade Association {LAFTA }> which took place ia Montevideo at the beginning of Hovsaibsiro 41 > The IJVFTA Conference called for establishment of a percmanesit Mnisterial Council and the creation of a high-level Technical Goaaaitte^ to speed up cle^cxLopraea of economic integrationa Hcwevsr, a Chilean pil«ai for a high Coisiaznity Authority •fejas opposed by the saajority of the Foreign Ministers of the LAFTA countries i those of Argentina and Brasile The zaajority contended that it xfss prenkitxire to the Association supm-national powers at this tisae* l&o The road to integration seeais to be a long and rocky one and ths result is uncerfesiiu Most Latin American cotantries reamin firssly opposed to th© yielding of political soirareignfcyo They are divided by territorial disputes and by dif f ereness in their receptivity to social and eeonoadc rsforaas. A nusiber of countries share a fear that breaking down the barrier s that have isolated and compartmentalized their own economies vd.ll enable other countries to grc&r ranch faster than theJj: OKn«> Ths prospect that the advanced countries vrould benefit at the expense of the less advaRCfKi has hampered deirelopssnt of LAFTA ands in the absence of pyovisioris for special concessions „ the same situation might prevail In a larger Latin American C.ommoKt .Market* . • • 43<> Aecordiag to the New; YorkJ^Eis s^ of 16 November, the US has an important role to play in the effort of Latin American integration. The Latia Amjrican Cosasaoa Market -Il- ls a logical consequence of the Alliance for Progress-. In the opinioa of the paper ^ the US could provide "technical guidance and moral support5^ It my be recalled horwetmr that during the session of the Joint EeosMsjia Conaoifclies's Sub-=€oBssitit.s@ en 3ht^~Amerieaa Eeonofflie Helationship hsl^'in Washington in September., it vjas said that one possible undesirable result of Latin American econcsale integration would be an increase of intrs^onsmaity cc&meree at the expense of imports from traditional trading partners outside the community. G& this occasion., Mr. J«H0 ?augha acknowledged that effective integration would "alter the character" of U.sV trade" with Latvia /Hsrica and that traditional markets for some US exports would become foreelosede Other Aiaerican experts saw a second danger in the possibility that new economic int.egE'at-ion agreeaaeats laighi be stron&Ly ^®fe®etiS5Pjfi^5 in their treatment of investment fs-OK- ' abroad, that' '±BS the USAo It was also said that the regional market could bo aa instrument to strengthen the position of latin America at the eocpease of the USAP /j4» Of certain significance are the rumours concerning the possibility of Spanish association to an integrated latin /aaerlca. In this context^ the Spanish offer of $1 billion to aid Latin J&srica would have not only an eeoncsdje significance, bufc i also a political one, arising frcsa the desire of Srain to increase its traditional • . • . - ties with Most of the Latin American Republics. IV* **™y^^*g*^cvj^j"'1*' '•*• • • nr*ff-*yr*i*'"ffifl**fc-*i«*ih* . c 1$,> It was reported on 18 NovesDiber that the US would attempt to msdiate the disputes between the U.K* and Guatemala over British Hondtiras (Belisse)o The State Department Declared that the IB was assuming the role of EBdiator at the request of the two A60 The decision of the U.K0 to grant independence to British Guiana on 26 May 1966, may intensify the efforts of Yenssuela to settle the territorial dispute i . before the declaration of the independence. The new State will, b© known as Guyana Mexico is still the only Latin Aiaerican State v;hich has no relations the Spanish Governmentu ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER! POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER! YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Date: FROM: 21/12/65 DE: CR. 13 (11-64) 17 Ssecffcsr 1965 THE FJSST TKCGQNSZHEKrAL OF HA¥MIA Hoo/..... 17 Dseesabss- 1965 MA: past 1» fhs First Trieontinsntal (Afs?o-Asiai*=Latis Araaricssi1) Conference is to be held ia Havana bstween 3 and 10 January 1966o The holdirjg of thia Conference will coincide witfc th8 sswes&h jas^yersazy of .fch© Cuban About 500 delegates from. sfea,rly a. huadred delsgationis from political pasties asd •"'.'•*•• other Kotremsnta, including e ntHsbsr of '(tovernmsnb officials $ a^e ©speoted to > parfeicipate in it« 2o Aceos-ding t.o the St&esraa.fciojaal Preparatos^r CoHsdLttee of the First Solidas'it^- Conference of the psop3.es of Africa, Asda and Latvia Amsrica., the isacstiag was a natural developmszifc of ths original Conference of Asia assd A&iea. Due to a in. attitudes on the Wa3a.tl-i!^3er3.alist;" struggle and tiia iRfluence of s dielegsfeiorss fscoa Latin Amei'ica hair© bsen included In this raeeti^o 3o A prspas'atos'y Bjsstixjg of the Trieonliinental Confe^snoe tias held in Cairo last Eighteen eons&s'ies participated in the Preparatory Gossidttes - six coa&isent - laatdsi* the chairDansiiip of s Moroccan loadaro—I/ Asia -JTJSS by daleg&tions frora the Sov3.ot Union, tho Peopl®as R®pabliG o—f s Japa»9 asid South Vietmras Africa by delegations froni Morocco^ Guinea , .43-gesliaj , Tanssr&a, ajjd South Afsieaj and Lsbisi Asaerica bj- delegations faraa F.R,AoP0 (Popiilar Aefcion Front) of Chile,, the P. 0,0. (CoBaajsiiet Part^r of Cuba)s the P.A*L* (Amed Forces of Liberation) of G^ataisalaj the M,L.H. (Motremeait of National Libsratloa) of kssico, ths F.i«D«S*L<> (United Froafc of Liber^tiosj.} of Urugasys aad tha F.N.L. (Fswafc of National laceration) of Venesusla0 k» Tifia Havarsa iassttiag is to bs attended by repressatatl'/sa c-f 75 Afso-=Asiaa orgairf.satioas and of a still ^idsterzninod 'atmibsj* of Latin tearieaa organisation80 Ths sS3C Latin. AKsHcen sassabev's of tho F'yaparatosy CoaaTd.tt«5© would Sscide tMeh I-atia orgaaiaetions should ba ixsritedo eigjfslftcaace of tho 3?i2'sti TriconfeiRsrital Coafeyesieo was brought out bj the agenda « apps^ved bj? ths Prsparato?/ Gonsiitteo - by the parti cipatioa of a iaifflber of Afro«»Asian aasd Latin tesrican Go\'«a?i3iasnts and bjr ths presence of of a nu^@? of "national liberation" The Cbainaan of the Preparatory Costtnittes, Eon Barka, has ysportedly beea abducted in 6« 'J?h© a&tssssssisa to the CoiafersEeo issasd bjr ttxs Frepai-at-csry Coinsd.tt-se ' that the aoiidarS.t^' ansosig the peoples of Africa., Asia and Latin Amariea ii&s a long SBid firmly eetsfolis&sd faet5 and that'the Coaferenss eould th-srefoi's bs 3?egarcied as a stage ia a Ea-gesaenS;' of "satlcbel liberation1* evszy hers is the three Goatiaeats* peoples of these araas « the "summons" wenb on <= ware threatened by the sems of "oppression^ exploitation aad a^m^d iRtarwnt.ios" and inusfe ec"0i'd5-rjat8 fchel? struggle "against a coasaoa eaecgr, Korth Arosrican impsriallDm", 7o Th© Clisii-Ean of tlie Preparatozy Cossmittee stated that the Confareace would be a historical ©Tent is the unification process of the "sEii-iriporiallst forces" of the thyae Continents. It. was neeessary^ he sdded5 to establish a united "asati-ifflparialist" fsoat la each coiasfcry* . 8. The main topics oa ths Conference agenda i^sre the following: (a) Hglife agaisst "iispeslalisEi", "celonielisa" and stRS (b) Us?ganfe problems of fchs "antl-issKjerialieJi" stnsggl© isi t&s of the ibaree Continsabs, ant? particularly in Tiefeaem, Kepublics Cosgo9 Porfetsgues© Coloniest SouthS2°n Rhodesia, Soiath Arabia and Palestinej (c) "Anti^iuipajlelist solidarity" aisoBg the /sfi^-Asi^i-Latia American psoples ia the «cor4o!nic3 social &Kd cultural £!i«3,ds3 (d) Political, usifieatioa and oygasaiasfcioa of the African^ Asiaa aiad Latin fesasdcan efforts.in their coisaoa straggle for "national liberation"p 9o . The CoafcrencQa it was further stated, w0uM assent th© naeesaity of the sfcr-ugg&s fop ncojig>lete national libsration'^ the paoplo's ?j,gj!it to ss3.f-°det©zsiinstioiaj !r fcion of ifidepsridsaess and rnfcioaal soT0raightye St woisld condesan "ixjfc®r.?er©aci3 in affairs of the A£s»~AciaK«3Latia American coiastrioso Conforenes was @3tpeoted to dema&d th© rssnomL of foreign military bases to adopt me asuire 3 against the poHcy of Kd-litary pactse It would ps?obably also d©zsaBd tho prohibition of the use>j prodiiction.. tasting and etorliig o? n^lear eyms, the tot si destmcfeioa of estleting smclsa^ aims and the ©liffiir^tioin of a3.1 the means of predwcfcios of such weapons, tt Ho In raaffirnang support for Cuba agaiiist foreiga "interferencs 3 the Conferen&s propose adoption of actions against oconomic aad otte-2* 1^5 policlos tova^do Caba« Confer«hio© Tsorild thas intend to show that the tSS policy of "isolation11 of Cwba had failed. Mhils there have been so official US ceraisssits to dat© oa the ps^eeteei Havasa the attitudes of the United States aRd a good siiisber of other govessimsats in the Western Hezaisphsrs -fiJ3.il, no doubt,, b© negative. la the past,, the Urugiissfats Govezmaaat forbad© a eonfsrsnce of solidarity with Cuba which vj as to hav® beea held in Montevideo and other Latin American Governments have taken similar positions,, Their reactions to the holding of the Goaferanca may be expected to include rezistsgd charges that the Cuban Government continues to "essport revolutions" in the Continent. 13o While i*3 the Eastern H^nisphere the press and radio hava so far msde very few conoibents on the proposad Confersnee, there havs bseas ia Western Evsope, aud particularly in Frasce5 some reference to ths event and to its significance,, 14o Ths Eav^oa meeting is expected to emphagis© the nsed for the seoaondc "eaiancips= tion" and social and cultural dgmLopmsttt of Africa^ Asia and Latin Aiasriea. It w>ttld probably propose steps to eradicate in the seoasosiic 9 social and cultural fields the 'consequences.of "imperialist" and "colonial" doffilaation, and adopt a psacsful co-sxistencs platform, as of eoinmon iJifcereat to the couE&ries of Africa^ Asia aad Latin tesrica, 15o Follotdng the reeont postponsmsnt of ths Second Afro^Asisa Conference in Algiers, the forthcoming Havana Conference has gained added significance &s a forum for strengthening Afro-AsiaEb-Latin American solidarity among the CR.13 (4-59) ,,R OUTING SLIP Comments for the record should not be written on this slip. REFERRAL SHEET PT.108 should be used instead. TO: The Secretary-General APPROVAL X YOUR INFORMATION MAY WE CONFER? AS REQUESTED YOUR SIGNATURE FOR ACTION NOTE AND FILE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE NOTE AND RETURN PREPARE DRAFT YOUR COMMENTS ATTACH RELATED PAPERS DATE: FROM: 13.1.66 PSCA/PAD CONFIDENTIAL M:as 10 January 1966 fifflYTti7')iFiiT- DEGSJBiSffr^Tn'forTtja'"i>i EMiiE(JM«ignnC 1965» 10 Jaiusary 1966 CSI 1.ATIE MSRBAl H APPAKS *'>w?''t-.'-' • -'-+~ -- la The Bain political feature :l?» katis j^ai-icsa affairs chains Kscaiibar X9&> ^a& the situation in the femaisan Eep-aKiic wblcli st5.11 recdn-sd'tsnsa,, new ii^iUBg "having erupted in' Santiago d« los Caballeroa and Sitter o Poaiago, At ths sasao tiEtefl serious in,t<3y A,. Tits' sit latdch ia ths Dojaisiisaa Hepublic s-simfeecl potontiaU^ danger ©U3.c. Qri 19 Doc<3a3je?p ae# serious :!scidessts erupt'sd ia Santiago do Ics Csfcallerc^',, ths see'sac" iargest eit^ 'o|f the coueitr^j, and ia Santo -Dcfsixtga* • . ', i . 2/ t • 50 Accordijfig to a report by the SecrsfeasgMJsiisral, *»'ths isain disturbansss toc)t place 'on 'the swrsrljig of 1? ttecsabea? in Santiago., ^Ksra seTesral Kt^ndred. f cornier' l:Coastitutioaelista'1 Including Colonel Francisco Gaas&ftQj Rj-idved to attsi^ a Mass,, ^3hen the g-raups' retired to the Hotel I&s*ttb,, a large niKs&Qp . of' I/ fhis" p?oble?n -has been dealt Tiith in detail in a separate Hob® 'of 1? T 3.?^. ^;,;- . . . g/ Deco 3/7Q3.2 of 20 Uecsa^er1 1965. - 2 - !) 3mni.fi sn Air Ferae troops sysrouffided the building and bsgasa firing liea'^il^ at t&s feat?!, ™3 "Gonstiti&ioaalists" returned the fire. Both sides differed cssiaalH £rs and the nx-aber of killed mas later reported to be twessfcjp-e&glat,, 60 Presridest Garcia Ctodegr requested. assistance from the In'i^-Arasrican Forcia in cycler to el-sal with tliis Incident 0 , .. • ?b ?cHo~siisg the Santiago incident., the population is Santo Domingo bees/is tsiTse s;M Celeries erupted ©a SO and. 21 DsesfabeTc, Hissed- patrols of the Irde^-Ajusrica-a Force the Dosiaj.c-an teisa Foraes and the iJatiosasl Police "faced 'a difficult tassk fei ...• 3 / :'/ and oj'der- as they wsre ' constarably stensd aMshot at by rovlag groups of clv!liaas"0 »' S0 Ths« tens lea persisted tsntil the end of the masths, The Provisiaaal appointed a Goszmit-tes to carry out an' investigation of .the Santiago incident,, 9o 'Tho renewed fightiag in the Dorainican Republic repartejU^ resulted from the 1'allure of the Px'ox/'isiosal Government to reintegrate formez0 rebel soldiers ia"4lie 3j.ulltia.r-y egtablishEie^t« The Provisional President has besa ynable to overcome the opposition of mlitaj^y leaders*, US officials fssred that the new incident - the most Gsi'i&i^s si"G« .the :Uistal,latioa of the ?.roidsioaal GovernHiei'it - EHJ te^e a ns^tfee effeet 01 Pcrsdirlogs stability in ebialng months . The incident was intWpretsd as a blow .to ths i -.•"'•• ' • • 'Frovlsio?mi .GoTOrBmen&.asd. raised, .questions about its effectiveasss* 1 10U Tfcs nvsaning of the Santiago ©vents - v^ote TJig^gM^l^.jij^s. of 24 Dscembe'E « frao that the Dqssiniess problesa had not been settled. The United States had not been ' aisle -to' solas' this infce;rr?,sl styBggie in the Dosisieaa Rspufclie, !flf aisy pa?sdictioa is possible for the long rm - added, tlie eosEaatarj « it is that only Dossinisaas CSR S! eett-le Dccdoicafe prcbiej^ sud they vd.ll lalt-iaiatelj have to b© left alciae to do ao' 0 11 0 fifes persisting tease siteatioB. ita the Dosdnican Republic placed ia doubt uatlofcal' ais'ctioBB scheduled to be held on 1 Jtsae 19660 It sl'so hiMered th® ' of the. ©GGEGSgr* In this cbnaesd-csij a DossiiiiG@n "Governss^jt spokesman declared oa 7 Dee^ssbei* -'that the "D'ci^lhieaa Eepublic was oae of the couatx-ies of Latia &E&rica <3olajrsd most in-Vsassbursing the Issss z>@eeivfid f^om infcenistioiial organisations = Pro® s total o;:? $J£L aailicgi re-oei^sd frosi fcihe Int@r-°Asierican Develojsasnt Banks, ^hs DsseiRicEm Republic had ^ekjabasrsed onlv $4 HOiies^ ; IIIo • Hel^i^§J^^^^jy)si>:]feiti^.=!Stafcesio^Ed^ "12,, Aftor' the Mo Gcsnfersnes,, a sujubsr of Latin AEsrican coiin.tr lea continued to oppose IB inter^iEbioE :lh their domestic affairs., and the creation of a peraanent Report by the Saeret^r-Gsaeral on the Situation in the Dominican Republic « ' Doe, S/7052/Addol of 22 December 1965. •':.:• ;•'•••: l-c-TS-3,. Py?;-:>l2" b;3ea>i:;;o of' Latin Asericaa opposition. the "IE -'.id nr/i, .-xj'c^s fc;c- th;i ire ril-i'i of t-ks F^ee at the Rio GoKferer&e but tho IS Gover ••..;. i,i A apptisrs t«.s .ri^p tb-j i^jue opi'a for f tit1? ire cossidsratloHc Tfeare is scr-ie bittc^iissi; iu latis .fes^lca on tlte il^jffesti'^scKvss of the ister-'-Assrioan systeisj in thr; T.rie';-m of soss :?j:ofl':::r:i:tlal Latis AKsrc.savi laadss's^ the -CMS cannot present. tha US ;:TOH aetiis.g vsnil-at&raCbr :lf •gf.fcal iss^lc'sa isbs^esta are scsisidcred to be at r.takeo .13 n T2K3 iirfcrcdtK^Ica by L-ati/a Ajssof'ieijn coujitraos at tho Twentieth Session of the !lj di3nsi?£0. AsKesijJj. of a cl;:;a:r& resolution en the agosds its;i i;tli5 inadmissiM of Iiitsr"g^5ioi,on in the dorasstle affairs of States and the protsaiic:E cd: thsir fedopsaissiiGo arid s o^ersigsroy" t^as regarded as reflecting LatrL-,. ^l^sriGc • os the :(S!.ttsrt Diiriag the d:i.soi5SBloa of -the it^a ™ sojsidsrGd GK t.hs init-lativ© 'of tb.8 rllS'S =» Lat:Ia ^ssrlcaa representatives were 'srery ast-lT©., together nith Afr^-As'San g out a coai|srSaisG. text for the Draffc Dwdaratiou 'IjVo' 'H's^^etr, the sala ds^/ejuopmeat ia the relations beterecarA the IK and Latia' Ameriea took pl'Kio Sn the eeoncssic field » It was rsportssi tJaat the IB granted a new $150 >ad3:Llags dsvs3xipsi3t'.t, pE-ogyassie loan to Brazil isi Decejabsr',, The deyelopaait is tJrs '^DsrpstCffiB of 'the IB aid efforfc is support of F^®s>ider± Cast©lo Brarsso's licU/Gie-f, In its is^esfescsat effect for 1966-^ Brasil expects a tcaal of $3^0 lailli to 'bs •f:i'.rmncrsd.' bj scat-er^ial souress^ The de^'eLopssnt prograssse negotiated in '& reps^s-bd© 'iii J>0 years ^ rejs^esentiag the most flexible form of financing 1 . Ilnl'tsti 3tat@s pro'sid'ss under the Alliance feg Progress p^ograss^ c, 'igy B«3w foreign - participation in MoKlcaa ' bankiagj. inTsstajsnt or credit is to be: baF3as«!-'jffi?des> legislation sent to Pariigjssnt by the President of Mssdeo ia D^eesbsx:%.' Jfe;« Diaa O&'dss declared that -the banking isistlfcirbioaSj, as OKS of the H&y sstjtor-s of 'bhs secvKsd.c sjsteiSj, asst.be ries©r?ed fca1 Ifeaacaii iKsresto^So He said that tJje Mecsr.san Go^ernmsat fslt co^solled to act ia the facs of foreign insistsr^s ifi; ' obtaia:aig aa ^iaspos'taat shareR of the Mesicaa fii'jancial apparatus „ AlthougEi he did not'"3.1a'-'>orateiSr it is kncism'that se^epal Uhitad States investsssnt eon;c©r-as B^iicfe had :.i?feui'3 ap]:il,ieatioas for operatiosi in Mesd-eo have beeSi' turned. dcfejn0 if • • • ' l.6o "The rsesnt' r-sduction fcy the IB Coagress of tSssdco " s quota £ "% ''-•?' ?? .pally; tho Laiiin Amrisan countries have expre;:. '3-3-1 coaosiii cv^r1 the X trade ;..-:;l:'.oi;;E- :ki -tlis area* The President of -;Vsnsi;oaola recently stated tlKit V3Jie;:;uai.&B3 "'.:;!• j ";;?'pc?b (petrol' mm) ^HS diss^issisated. against by £ quota systss;; :'^xpc-;-;--xl b^r the US to riubrdx'ia® itn denisstic oil. isdustrr,, .As a result. President LacuC addod,, [email protected] ""and suffered sonsidccmKLa economic Issses/at the SOES time it bad had to fight a cQcliaa in prises B Stressing the pre^siling Latia Avsisricaa Yie^.f t.-jo Veneaualsa if PrstiidorLt asserted -ifeat Cleans and credits are uot as desirable as fnra" prices 0 1SV £fe tJie oecasioa of the Rio Gonfereiaes-) the US Secrotarj of Stats tsxl tfes Po^eiga v J! s±nist.sx? of PanESia i-iaci one iaaeting IB coa3ie3d.on %d.th the ix?oblesi of the Panaaia Canal 0 Fssrc^eTj no sigj^ficaat pro;p^33 la negotiations was zaads^ ' Reportedly,,, the tiso reachsd su agrs?;sssnt uMss* -JSid.sh the Dbited States woiild r^scgais© RinasianiaM rigkfcs ox?«3r., the Ganal ori the eontlitioB that Psioassa, supported the IB' fireatloa of1 a psCTasEsat 2nier'=Ari©riean asssd .a and . Ais • n r^su'lt o? "Ehe- la-itin Apssrlc'aa neeseslty '£o esrond and d.f.verEvif™ its .f hcsde1" ":ij -hfe Beosojg' Mii-slstsr,, to. So^isl-ist c0uj2tries . next March in order to 'Mbs •::h-.; po";=Ibi].itif;s o:? psxjmoti'ng the nati«s?.a3. dQ^.?aLer®-3Bt jll«ai and to arrange for increased AE'gc-irfciae sales to those coisrfc:?lss!S« . ' 20, It was also ropes-bed 'bliEt an eevonaml.c delegation £&Qm Brasil vlslterl s which included Poland, and Cs^echoslofald,a. is?. tile Brasiliaa' War ,-1-flnister. T/d.'Ll pay official Tisits to EnsIaadV France and Itiily SI* The se-dnebzc n^-d tsseh^ical'oo^opsratiQn'bsrbweea Fs*ajic9 a?id lfivujjuaj has increasedo [ft. r-.".s ?spor-tsd tbai> e. tisdinica3. mission of the French Atosaic Ensrgy GssEjission foiiisi 't-;1*; i:;mrf.2?« iispc-sltri 5s lB''-i.;p£T :ln the Durasno DepartE^Kt oa the Isanlsi of the ?!•!??:;;:', F^^n-ss right pisrofea;?^ the satlys llrogiiaysn ttr«ai?^ti prc?dustiQ?i at lHtem5 5-rlt'33,, PajoasHts,, Iious^??;, -vro^ld be sade ;dth iadustrial equipaeat,, includSag two t^aalO. ato;ale rsaotorsp 22* Tlis grsskdn'g e«onoa;Lc ties bstwsisa Cuba and Spain in the last yesr® jaajr also' be 1 r.cf1x;3o In 194 } :i trad© h«st^ra3«. the t^o c'o'antr'ies totalled aeayly $97 siillicmj, Here than three tiffi-sij the 19© flgure, Spanish1 is»psrts fros Cuba wers ssore than dotitile tbs' e^port^-to tbJ.s cotait.rj. Th'5 OS G-OTxsrnHQiit vas repoirt^d ~::o b« irr-S.tated by this fact - tj?iich id-elfates the ?B econoisic bloeksds - and trisd5 appai'antly without yesiilt^ 'to' Spaisa f rose, this trade relationship „ ' • ts> T ftas 23o The Gcareriiaient of IJrwfjuffj., si. a ttoe of j;erio^;; i^:.c-.^al -T-r->o,::,C'.;..3_ t:i.-c •.:.•-.. :/d the possibility of Isreaklng diplonstic relations with t^ D3SKt I'h:. u: ^vx^e^.;,: ..-.viy.d Uruguay and other Latintes&y£ a) 24,, After ths declaration of the British Gcdrernjasnt coB.G®s*ning the graaciKjg o£ independeace to British Guiaaa on 26 Kay 1966, Yenesuela iribejisified its sffcrts t settle the border d5.spate before that date* A feiesuelasi delegation had islks i© London at the be^im?iag of JDecexaber td.th the British Foreign Secretaiy British Guiam and ?erie£uela failed to reach sn agreeararit that would end the la a joint cdJEEamiqu^ issued' on 10 DeeefflberP the tt Geneva on 13 Pebs-uary 19660 25u The i3^?lue^itial Christigjii Democratic Party of Venezuela requested the to frsese; all Srit-ish assets in Venesusla xEnfci3. ths tsrrit-ory is handed owsr0 Ijecni recently .stated that ?eKSssuoLa would nevor cede its rights to the ajpee. "deshjlesl us in a brutal snd absiird decision1'* : '• E 260 Oa the other hand, Ptiias l-finister Burnhsoa of British Gu^La^a declared: ' Ile tdll. .-:,'.., . ' . ' , '. ) .' • nenmr*-g£ve up one inch of dm* tepritozy. The border question ^as settled oncss for all iit 1 '* . ^70 The G©ROsm AssessiliLy Argentina and GiiSJUj became t.essst. Tii« conflict is feeia^ arbitrated bj fche Eingdoia y^d talks began J,a.I-on-;bn at tbe sncl of DeceM>srg Alco5 A^sntiin reasserted its' tsi'ritorial e3-a5ss ill Jintapctica on 31 Dscsaibe? follo:dijjg the arrival o^ the .first Argerblne SKpsditioa at the South PolOo , the UK Genss-al ^ssesably adopted a resolufcica on ths Palldszid Islands ) noting- the d5.spute s:d.s*i!ig betesssn the United IvingdJosa aud Argentina sov^ieigaty over the Sfelsst&j asM isrltl'ag botii GoTariiHents to enlsr iisto negotistioss -without -daHay to f JM a psscsful colnticsi to the pa'oblezs. en the Ijassls fltf the 1ST Charter principles and tha Deslafation against Cc&onloHsKe 300 Paraguay isrotsst sd against Bi'es^-liaa jbmi-tary cccupatica of a pieca o.? land- ia ? ! the' Gua:ira i alla3 •daisaad"bgr Bs"Ssil'£3 B^asilian territory. As a result, the" ' JteMcsadop fcb Esi'agaay eimoyiicsd. ' oa 1'Decsffibsr that Brasil ^d' siaper^isd cultural r-elat5.os},s with Paragusy. Firata a ParagUs^rssi t^oint' of 'view, tlis probleja lias g2>eat Inipo3?fee.ia3e s^aico the Gstsiira Falls can jcroducG enough sLectjd.c pcurej? to auppO^f half of the ^^ S^utk Asiazdcazi Contlaeafc* .-..••. 3^-e 'Aafgertfclaia' said BoOLlvla signed oa 29 JDece^bo? the Convention on Tramsit. Trade c Lo.ad - loaded States, dons at Ife- Ioi*!s ca ^ JTZ!^ 1965 o ^ho convention psro'jides Too? of "ta?aSisIt for trsJTJle anii aosns of ts>fflisport« 3;fc aLeo oefcs oui> rules ccnesniing eiisteais dutlssi asd specinl- transit duese Asiozjg othsr Latia s which signed tha conreatiba are" JfeaaHj, Cliile acdi '' &/ f»ij;-?«s was eioas friction, recently herb-seen Bolivia and Ghi2.e 5ji coiEMiioa tdtli " ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: The Secretary-General A: FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Date: FROM: 2? Jan. 1966 DE: CR. 13 (1IU64) January 19& GOpif H 20 Jsn^vS.:^ 1966 MAsvb S^J^^IL^ I0 The First THcontS .laital (Afi'O-AslC'.ii-oiitiij taisrleaTi S^lida^My Cor fersne took placs in Havana be^v/ssi* 3 - 13 JdiT&i:-;^.' "ihe fcoXdi^ Conference eoiacided xcifch the seventh ezRiv-srs^' of &o v Broader of Gubar Fidel Gastoo^ as wall as t-he Prssiclszrfc, G&vvilcb 3o3. bico3s ws preseat at the opening sad tdosisg cersscniosi s 2o A total of 430 delegates (131 frc-a Africa s 13 / iVc® Asia and 3J2 from America) as wall as S? observers from noariy 100 eosm-viss atteKlsd the Socie delegates were Goverameirb-spoasorsd and laoat of theia reya-es anted political part^ss and cither organisations* Hovrsror, the Gov&misssb-Bptmsorea dalegatiosi of Indonesia was not seated, by decision of the Preparatory Co5!niitte9Q JCiisliSa doLegatloa cosrposed of In.danes3.asi E3ffibe3?s ' of the Btir«a"a of tb.e A s3a -Africa Coaaii^as of Cairo i?as seceded as fehe Sidoaesian delegati'oa'i """ 3«r ^he Sino-SQviei dispute was in erldencG 3a soiao &etiidtios of the •'. • '': . ' I ' ' • ' ' Iti lias .T^icE'ted that a plea from Chile that "Jugoslavia bo itvd.ted to send an QQSGICVGP was turned dos-ai "by tlib" Preparatory Corssoitteo upon the opposifclora of the PHU delogation.-,, .Yugoslavia was thus the only European Sociialist C arap eounta^ which, had no obssj>v©r at tlis sis3tlrig0' The Jugoslav League of Peace f 3nd©p&n«i<3nCQ and Equality condeBSiod that decision ca. tiie g^ounda that it discrizninated Tugoslayia aid was a dangerous prsosdent narroBtixjg the anti^impsrialistp fa*ont, The PHQ deiegaticsi vras also reporteci to bavs l>aen 3u favour of the nils on all tits Sorifepescs's deoisicsas, bufc acceded to a Preparatory •>•"•' ruling that^on disputed eattors, decisions Eay bo takea bj a tvHX-tbird 4o Si© represerfiati\ro of Cuba was elected President, the delegates of and faieauela, Vlce-'Presidonts,' vldle lusut as»Sibai (1J&VR) ms appoijsfced of the Gpafstrejieeo ' ' saaia .to.jaco oa tha Conffereaoe agceida taore the rollosrijsgs a) Eigjat agaiaei Sx'ipsriaLiKaj colosdcliiSffl #nd nco«»colonialis5a;' b) tTjp^ant problems o? tho anti-imporisli'sst sfcnigsla dii the cotiiitriss of ths tlsrca ccaitira-nfcs, atri jarfciculorly in Vistjaam, BoadssSs an Coiigo, the Fcs.-'tusuess Golon3.ee, S'outhexn Rhodsate, South Arabia Palestine; c) Anti-JTiperialist struggle eaiCKg the flfro-AsJan-Ifatiji Aniarlcan peoples in the ecoaoudcj social and euiltm*al fiels&j; d) Political miificatd'on and organisation of ths Afrioan, Asian and Latin American efforts in theii? comr.on strug&le for national 6, EVRfi scsvi&l, SK€ oy^iVjl^ot'Jo?^).', T^..- £\.xd?'! .-.•."'>•:-:;•••: i. • o;..- -i'".- -" : • ..'.•,*•"-';•'', otte ?O:? Yie-tiSSH and tii& cths:r fo^1 tli.'? ^riot8* T ?':/ ^fftufc?, f. I^i tits im^gUiial sp^'sei^,. FissU^iTfe Dorticos o? C-vbi .•;: ..•';•'• 'Mi-i.?. t.'i",& raia task of ths Ccaffesre^ee i:as to u-jlts -the foree;; of the Tli;?*? fi..;: l;ir.=?v>,£ i'Gj.- "cPi« etsfiigglfe s.g;ainst iapssrialiisss^ eolcaisliss £H.;3 iiSo-'-coTci'/iiali.^', *r^-s osfinite stid coaplste conijvisst of Uij-dea'-tlex'aiopi^est coylfj 'c1.? obtr-.I;\S'5 cxi'ly 'bhi'-oagh ths sti'Ugc m r Egaisist; iE:ipsa"ialiSHs pasr-fcleij^.a^ly Kox"tli fesjM'iiiii iajysrJalif-T'J^j «iiicn hsfl fcscos-e th.@ '"e^ata1© of wos'ld ints^Visation'81'. CoM'Ssning US irit-srve-irllor: in the Dcajiaivcasi Bsjpa'olie &M the ^Assr-iesn aggTfissioa In Txst-irsa,^ Pv-esldsivc ^orbleos pa-oclaimeS the "ffi^i'b' of p •other Chiefs of. State aM Govessftrs&ats. • 9... TftS Soviet n&ssags eordsr.aefl ths imjgiriglist i^taT^eKtioii isk Afvies., Asia 5- Lutin America, Tliss USSH, no tea tile Eei:.';-:i£s, VCVL;.:~ ac^ilvajy coKtinas to IjassS on t^wtiial eq&slity. ra the So'viist opiaicn, tiie Hs-.^tts Co-af&r-e^cs; tjas a jwroo? of tJie ^shaJ^Ms^-iad^ing of the peoples of /Ifrf^a, Aais e.r.a Latia • unity sn2' ca!i*a£ion, their prspatr&ctesas :?oy a Secisiv* ccrson st 'iEis-arS-alissiffiR- S^oloaielis s fos* f^fe^oia, imtioral ivjdspaafisui'e and social 10. 'The CMaas-e •&&£££•%& <3%$z&&&&3. iiopes that the Cc^f«r«HC3 t?owl3 nssJfcs positive 'contsrlbutioaB to ths Erfes^gthgrJ.sis °-^ "^^ ?svv->ly.t,ioat-.*:;f soM te'tty of AS ' limsyi can people, to t'ife fiJrMiaia^ca of tJve.sirr.^e ?^.£nsNi lKi whaafl«cl l>y tlis Khit^ States. w of C soll^»3d.tj rsp^i^e-r--": the t-s.^'i-^iKg of an S 'of 'Jolat "action that ro-al.c^guai.'aatae a "bright f-.-f^.:-& for tlva co^iife-ies o? t.h® ths«& Continent is and voulfl detarain, i -lih-3 fate of sv^y p&nyl.'^ -still la cbainc. "She Ps^sident of ths UM proposed that ths Sscontl Ti-ieoatiii-sra:,-!! Cc«?as?«naa fc held la Cairo, in 1968, to eoimciSs vit5v ths Tsiitb' SEtaivfer-eas-^ of fh& ilrst of tfca eolidsritj'' of peoples of Asia and Africa. • of the fesparatosy Cosisittee, "Firs rer-art -rrvfe.r^.sc-: ':he :-,££5 f of the ®Siti-=iEf.p@Tialist forces sm2 fbr stre^tl-i-ssir.::;-; of t^e 6oV:r.£a.v-:'.v,y r.-.? v,h.~ peoples OS? Africa., Asia sad Latin ^teeriea.- The r-ev-n.-.-'b '•v.v.'fi.r.e.C' "'IFS i^ii's^^-ori' •is ¥i<&1saa saS BB intsr-vsatioEi isi the Scs\;:>r£s'fi nspiAlic, X^:, ;;.l-.£o polate^ ;;-y.t tli© ae@d for fte-tbsr Joisit s-ctioas to sty-sag-Ssea the secncriie in.det--ar,£.sttc'is of ASfficESij Asiaa wi& Latin liEisyiesss co'isntxlies. Finally, ths yeporfc gsva a:a appsrsisal of tlie iiapoK--tssat role played 'by Cuba ia the prev^yaticns aK'fi hold ing of tfee Cosfea^ac©' ©Kd sts^ssefl the g£°est iiapoytarise of tlia Ctic-gB revolution for Borisag the g«;2i USBS dfgle-^tion sts?esssii that it cane to the Ccaferasiee wtc in eves^r coaeaiva^le wsyw tins tsaity of ^.nti-itjs^erlatist fos'css of Cofatiss&ts. T&® Coafss^sitte isust "bs on* oi? aaity ast3 iicv. ai^ieic-ii -it , The Soviet dsl^g^tioa 'eupportiSd "tSie cr-e^tiosi of a -r 10 Jaawary), It eosdassjtscl the US policy la Tiefe!-;-;::. EII:; ^lev-i-lrsd to- its aid to the Tleteasese people, la tli® opinion of almost all 'Kb.® ps^iielpEWts, the Tfev^nti Cr.-n..res'£Vice a sew phase la ths gathering of the pecples of Asia. Africa f.nS. La'-ia ia oa« tsBitsfl frost &gaisast is^sriglleraj pa,i-t;ici?l&rly wsJS imperialist', Trico^tiEieatsl CoMfeS'ejsesg ws regarfl'SS as a Tj'gglr:^in.g of a n&% p2KJ&&Ks suifl, had adopted, a global st^ategj', the airivI-iK^eriallst Ko^;eseat to afiopt a sissilar OHS. 1'9. . One of the ssajor results of the Coaffe^nca was the settiag up of a " • 'Solidarity Organisation of Af^iean, Asisn and Latla fess-ieasi peoples with h@adq«as?t@rs of its SkeetrfcrriS Cosajittee la Havsiia. 'Eie K®J? os'smsalsatioa wo-«ald hssip iac3f@ase solidarity of tfce peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin feeslca, •wuld Tf^^sllel thfe • •.M'ro-Aslasi eoiidaritj orgaaisation with lieadquart^s's in Cairo. It was reported that China opposed a single T2"icontinental "body 'tha 'Afro~AsIsa psopligs solidarity, prg&niaation, baca'ase this w'oulfi sup's th@ fifih A.JJ..P.S.O. Confersifice in Pfekisig ia 196? aa3 t-seause ®ost siew Latin- ' a?@ pro-Soviet •>&.&?&. Chiaa ssda it clsaif it •woulfl valk of the single foody, if Reesssayy. To avert such a split, th© participants a@2iia@fi to have, at least tissposar-ily, t??o to hold a. S@eoM Tricoatisj^mtal M©etiag in .in 1968. • • gj. A p 39 Casibodia asd Japan. 22« The Conference adapted the test, of a general resolution •> the "TrieosxtinentaX Declaration of Havana" <* and several special regoliatiossb &mag the latter9 it urged & world campaign of economic aid for the FNLe The Cosfereaee called for "active financial and material aid, including arms and ammltiiong" for liberation movements "fighting to. free their peoples'^ It also supper ted what it sailed the "mobilization" of the United States people sgainsi the war in ?ietnam0 Other resol felons condemned the actions of "United States imperialism" throughout the world a According to another resolution "the just struggle of the North Araaricau Negro eifciaene against the racist policy" was a wcontribution to the general struggle of ta« peoples s agaisst imperialism"0 23* The Conference supported the four^poiat proposal of DR¥ for settling tho ^ar in Vietnam, expressed support for tha psople of Rhodesia againat the "tjransy of vMte facistsnj) and for the peoples of Angola, MoaaaJbiqu© and Portuguese Guinea against "Portuguese imperialism"0 In this connexion, Premier Fidel Castro stated on 15 January that Cuba was ready to serai volunteers to Vietnam, Laos ami Cambodia and anywhere else in the world where "the reio lutionary cause" required th@i&, 24o In Latin Aosricaa the Havana nesting called for "fitting solidarity with the Latin American peoples who fight td.fch arros in their hands against the natira oligardiies who servd North Amarican imperiaJism" in Venesuslaj Golooibiaj, Peru^ Guateraal&j, and especially, the Doiainican Republic«, The Conference also called for the iiamediate withdrawal of US troops and the dismantling of 'US military bases,, and specifically the Guantanamo base in Cuba. It condesmad the resolution of th© OS House of EepresenfcatiTFOs supporting^ "the so=>called right of intervention"0 It also condemned US attempts to create an "aggressive military interventionist force 11 against the peoples of Latin America and denounced the role played by the OAS0 "We loust have a common strategy, a comaon and simultaneous struggle in this part of the world" declared the Cuban Premier in the closing speech- of the Conference 25° Further the Conference expressed its solidarity with the struggle of the Japanese people for the prevention of nuclear war^, and condemned the aggressive policy of West Geriaanyv It also condemned Israel as an "artificial creation o f imperialism, a permanent centre of discord and var in the Middle East9 and an instrument of division in the hands of imperialism"« 26o The Conference also adopted a special resolution on peaceful coexistenc©o It was noted in its text that peaceful eoesdstsaee applies only to relations between States Kith different social and political systems^ but not to relations between social classes within separate countries, or between the oppressed peoples and their oppr®ssors0 The inclusion of the tejTu "peaceful coexistence" in the general resolution was opposed bjr several delegations headed by the PRO but was eventually adopted by th© Political Coasnittee by & vote of 31 to 9o Noting with China against it were botii North and South ?i9tnsnij, North Kbrsa, the Japanese and Indonesian coaarainiafc patties, and the liberation movements of Gtiateraalaj, Peru and 27o While there have bean no official US comments to dat© on the Havana Conference^, the attitude of the United States and a good number of other governments in the Western Hemisphere will* no doubt, be vigourously adversQo On 3 January., President Leord. of Venezuela warned other Latin American governments on the possibility of i indirect aggression resulting from the deliberations of this Conference,, The Prims Minister of Peru told the prsss that statements made in Havana by ths USSR representative at the Tyicontinsntal Conference in support of Peruvian guerrillas constituted "Soviet interfersnc®" and "aggressive tactics'8 which were rejected by Peru, Some other Latin Aasesieaa Governments and political leaders of Brazil; Colombia and Guatemala have regarded the Conference as an encouragement to the use of "violence", "subversion" and as an attempt to "export revolution" ia the Continentg and expressed concern on the rspereussions of the Havana Conference in thai? respective countries. The Provisional Govsrnnsgnt of th© Dominican Republic barred the return of eight Do&daiean delegates who attended the Conferee e. Explaining this measure,, Provisional Presided Garcia=Godoy told the press that it was designed to assure th@ Doisinican family a clisaafee of peace and security0 In this resp©£ts tea referred to remarks made by oras of ths Dominican participants at the Trleontiaeatal aootiRg to the effect that the Dominican Republic w>uld beeoa© in th© future "th© .Tiet-Nam of the Caribbean"*, 2S0 Referring to the Soviet at ateissnt on "uneonditiosisl help of the Soviet people for wars of liberation agaiast the oppressors" the Seotsaan of 19 January wrote that the world TS&S goirjg to becoa@ a very dangerous place if the USSR got too deeply involved in aiding African, Asian and Latin Anisrican liberation movemsnts: w Hr0 Kos^gin cannot pernanoitly coabins support of genuine peaceful coexistence H with support for -wars of lib9pation 0 How8vers as noted bjr Thg^Econoiaist in its issue of 8=14 January a recent article in Pravda on the Havana Conference insisted that the anti=>imperlali8t struggle could be peaceful as well as non=psaseful and that it ^was for each country to choose what specific &>na of strisggis it employed*, Further^, Le Monde of IS Januasy •wrote that the Havana isaeting was an answer to the Hio Conference and that it strengthened the position of the "Orthordox" Latin American Cosaaunist Parties and increased the prestige of Cuba. In The Observer of 16 January it HBS also reported that ths Tri&mtinest&i Conference of Havana day provide added emphasis and coordination for the new guerrilla uprisings ia the remoter parts of Latin America* Political and S_ecaritg: CONFIDENTIAL Council Affairg^ Jfepartmenfe 31 March 1966 DQMIKICAM REPUBLIC !<. Latest, developments !„ A most significant event in the political situation in the Dominican Re- public in the past few weeks appears to ba the opening of the presidential election campaign., on 1 Marcho 20 The Provisional President sent a. letter to the leaders of all political parties, asking that every possible effort be nade in order that the campaign might develop in an atraosphere of underst and ing and order« At the same time., the Minister of Armed Forces and the Chief of Police issued instructions that the army and the police keep out of politics0 An additional measure taken for the purpose of creating a propitious climate for elections has been the sending by the Provisioml President of a request addressed to the Secretary General of the OAS, that the Technical Assistance Mission on electoral natters return to the country^ 3o The campaign opened in an atmosphere of violence and some confusion0 Des- pite all the efforts being made by the Dojninican authorities5 it has not been possible to put a complete stop to the periodic breaches of the peacep Among the incidents reported during the month was the shooting of one of the body- guards of former President Juan Bosch on 6 March and the resulting gun fight 5 between Mro Bosch's guard and the police. After the incident, several police- men were put under arrest. Moreover,» on 14 March, and laterj> some incidents hav® taken place between Dominican youths in Santo Domingo and United States soldiers 0 There were also soae anti^American demonstrations during which 1 Dominican denGonstrators shouted anti-9S slogans and burned a US f Iag0 An at- ffiosphere of incertitude has prevailed on the holding of the elections0 4o Although officially the US favourt the holding of elections, it has been reported that, in the view of the US Government, the Dominican Republic rea!3y is not ready for elections and probably would not be for years e Accordingly, the US Department of State vwuld regard the future of the Dominican Republic with pessimism,, 5o Mr0 Garc£a~Godoy stated that "tension has never ceased to exist in the country". The Provisional President admitted that there existed factors "unfavourable" to the holding of the forthcoming elections,, among vliich he mentioned the groups interested in causing trouble and bent on acts of terrorism., Nevertheless, as a result of his recent agreement with military leaders, which settled the crisis between the civil authorities and the armed forces, !4r0 Garela-Godoy now considers that the unity of the armed forces is "essential if the life of the nation ia to continue an an orderly aanner"o However, according to press reports, there is no doubt that the appointment of two right-wing generals to the Dominican Cabinet represents a significant concession made to the anjied forces. This measure is in line with the more flesiible policy of the US towards military governments in the hemisphereo 60 The leader of the Dominican" Revolutionary Partyf Mr0 Juan Bosch,, on 28 February stressed the possibility that his party « the most influential in the country - might boycott the elections in the absence of minimusa guarantees for the nonaal conduct of the electoral campaign and the subsequent holding of elections* The former Dominican President denounced the Provisional Go\Temmsnt for failing to oust disobedient military officers„ Accordingly., Mr0 Bosch was reported to have said, that from the moment Provisional President GarejEa-Gcdoy failed to implement his orders to the officers.) he siad© fche ©lections "useless" and "condemned the future government to paralysis"0 On IB March Mr0 Bosch announced that a convention of the PHD would be held in Santo Domingo on 9 - 10 April to decide whether the Party would participate in the elections« 7, The Central Electoral Board met on 18 March >dth representatives of the following political parties recogniaed by it: Partido Liberal iSvolucionista (PIE), Partido Nacioralista Revolucionario Democr^tico (PNHD)., Union Civica Jaacional (UGH), Partido Aevolucionario Social Cristiano (PR3C), Partido HSTO~ lucionario Dominicano (PRD)? Partido Reformist a (PR) 3, and Aliansa Social Derao.orata (ASD)0 Former Presidents Joaqufn Balaguor and Hafael Bonne'lly announced their intention to ba Presidentia3. candidates0 So On 23 March, Ellsworth Bunker the US Ambassador to the OAS AdJtog Committee,, issued a statement to the effect that the OAS was fu!3y conscious that the responsibility for preparing and directing the elections rested with the Central Klectoral Board and t hat OAS observers would abide by the regulations 'to be established by the Board, as was the case in the 19&2 elections» The above statement wa,s issued after the Central Electoral Board iiad protested against an earlier statement allegedly made by Ambassador Bunker indicating that the OAS would send to the Doaanican Republic fifty observers and experts to "help" the Board during elections. 9o With regard to the withdrawal of the IAPFS the ProvisLoral President stated on 16 March that the presence of the Force in the Dominican Republic was a consequence of the resolution adopted by the Tenth Meeting of Consulta- tion of the OASo It is up to the Meeting to determine the date and the manner of the withdrawal,, Up to now the Provisional Government has not succeeded in changing that resolution in the sense of giving the Dominican Republic the power to decide on the timing of the withdrawalo Mr, Garcia Godoy said that the ideal would be to have no international fores in the country at the time of the elections-, however he hoped it vrould be possible for the withdrawal to take effect before the establishment of the constitutional Government,, Ho The presence of the United Mations^in the^ Itomnican^Republic 10o The presence of the United Nations in the Dominican Republic is in accordance with resolution 203 adopted by the Security Council on 14 May 1965o This resolution «eo"Invites the Secretary-General to send^ as an urgent measure? a representative to the Dominican Republic for the purpose of reporting to the Security Council on the present situation" <, Ho In pursuance of the resolution, the Secretary-General appointed Mr0 •Jose" Antonio Mayobre as his Representative in the Dominican Republic, and a new UK mission in the paaee^keeping category was established in that Republic^ 120 The mandate of the Secretary-General"s Representative involves obser^dng and reporting but doss not include powers of investigation. Although the mandate is a limited one, the UN mission in the Dominican Republic played a major role in bringing about a cessation of hostilities,) The Secretary-General has kept t-he Security Council informed as to the situation both in Santo Domingo and in the interior of the country regarding the observance of the cease-fire, serious cases of violation of hunsn rights and the prevailing economic conditions,, 33 o On the whole, the UN has played a positive role in the Dominican crisis0 It nay be noted that for the first time a. UN peace mission found itself operating in the same arsa and dealing with the same matters as an operation of a regional organization, in this cas.e the OAS0 Apart from its deeper implications, this has given rise to some special problems regarding relation- ships and liaison between the UM and the regional organizations,, As it is known,, the OAS claimed in May 19&5 that with the intervention of the UN the progress of the negotiations conducted by the OAS Ad Hoe Committee had been . obstructed,, The OAS requested the UK Security Council to suspend all action until the regional procedures had been exhaust sdU This attitude was a reflection of the US policy in favour of granting prioritj to the OAS in the settlement of conflicts and maintenance of peace in the Western Hemisphere,, 14 o At the presents it is very difficult to foresee a United Nations role ia. the forthcoming Dominican presidsitial elections 0 Ths Provisional Government has not made any overtures with regard to possible UN assistance in. the elections,: In such an eventuality? there should be a co-ordination of action between ths UN and the OAS and a precise delimitation of functions0 In that case, the Security Council should send a larger group of senior UM Observers , Additional functions for the Secretary-General's Representative and the group of Observers '/ (*tf^iol+3ft r^'^vt , would require Security Council elaidfisatioa and^ pc-rhapoti a gu.b3txrh,ic.lj,7 ff and inoroasod fc-diliticD^ In this cormaxion., it viould be necessary to sake a provision for the financing of the operation „ Although these expendi- tures might be charged to the regular budget,, this might reopen the question of the financing of the UN peace-keeping operations0 MA.: l WHS OS LATIN AHBBXCAN AFBA£H8 - APfilL lj COHHSEHnAL h May 1 I,, 1« 31i£ 053 resting la Sanasa s-a well aa tSss situation in tlv the acees of . inCffiV^Ascirtoan e,££a£rse Ths Fsrrass r;eetiag jXi-e&ucsd sso galta, Ihs U.,5, la feet «s^~ saot Siegoesd to nrfts any aoiwessSosj ia the ecoaossic fielfi «ma, GceoyaiagS^, opposed tfee introduction in tihe OAS c£ the IsRtin Ameytf^K effietjassuts oa sccIc-occ«scEi,G Kstteya. Bscaues of the pcsitioa of tbs UoS^, doabta T?e?e SKpyesaeS en the poosi'blll'Jy of rcaclJiBS agsreeseat baJPcsre •July, «as3 usstSc? oseh circiaEJstfia.ee a ,,. tbe Thls^S Special J Aserlesn Ceafeyence jsrcla'bls' Tjo«ia Tse poistptasad, The proposal for a " ccaftersacc" of Resfle o? S-^te of the /Sa^eE-ic?^ ItejWblics esiiasS sose e tfce sawgKM:^ of Pj'eeiSeat; J^mijon^ 'but a gr^at dsal of preparatorsT vork *jss cea- tc 1>c aecestsa,ry aiyJ no eats or place have as y«t "been aeciaefl fos- the Eoweirer, since the foreign paliegr of the Uc.S. focaeofi &•& pyssaewt OB Asian «Ti3 European matters, no soSietemtial change in the U^S.. inter-^ssayicaji policy- Bay be expected to the raeaa? ^iti«re. Sf. 53ie situation in the Doffiiiiicsa Rs^^lle, after cas .yeas* ^TGSE the tx3£iizni?jg of the civil vsa.% tsss 0t5.ll ts^Ge and isacevtaia aM tli^re tiac libtls optiEsivss trlth to. the political stsibili^ of the ccsunliry in th©ftsax *fte'cuye ^ *0is elect ioa- halted tlie politi'dai •sccae> MKreove!?, the civil roar enfl -th^ UCS, had 2i^3pes?eS the ecoacsiic fiaveloisaierito 3« Political insta'bilttsr alsb cjtat&a&S to be a raattei- of cohc?sra in other paarfca d? Latin AEerScs, S&rious ih^srnal trebles w^s'e reuosteS 1ft Argentiisa', : Boll-vis, Bmzf.ly Colcratila- €a3fi Vcne8U»la<. The ^olnt military saaac-eii-va'igs of the ayajiea of GaateEals^ El Ssl-saflc«y Hoaduras^, Blicarastta sud iise tLS^ visleli tccte place in Honduras ia April, reflected ths tansssinessis of the U0S» aM Cent govsrEaa&ats regairfiiaig the situation ia the Steiag tlie pes-iog ^naSer reviecr, tase eitisatioa IK the ttoaiaician d t 5., On £?;. April., a &3KGU£;'is'£ticn ws.y I:o3.d In ec?lt-:23,\ Eri^i-ficiK C^re^ C^'kjr &?,$ o^vx/elc-il to -"w f:vrs?j:v';:'on :"c ; SK'p ca £ s&-j.lf U..3. -traop^ sSic-ij ^^^ vtra&lc^ c:;: v^al o 1 tlns ia a flemier&atlaa egalaat U-J,3U bilitas ? fcrte£rtrft!.ici3» Oa tlbc fic^inican Go^irss^aij esgalcisragis asiS. t-.'C-rkcria Sa wi^rata c»ac©i'Ks utoppsa work &* aa Jsous* as a eign of coKE'aiag aafil of protea-i egaicat -JiSjc? U^S^ raring %hs flsacsois'te'a'ticao, T&tf.te3 States flags tiers toKrcea si7.fi.,. gsnorallyj. o.n in^ysass of aati-Uultstl Stated etenfrteeftt isaa ROtioeablaB 70 tfhe ©lection csmpeiga s-esaaijsea a sajiacipGl'SssKas. On 2 f.^Sl la 'Santo •61® 2Hia o^ Ap?:il SSovatsssat* 'In a sasiiifeato of -iSfcat datcfl tl.a ^ovrsr-r-nt ^c-slayea that. it /WEB aot a political ps^«v tts^S tfcpA its ob^cctiTO ^53 s to :?t^5t ar,r.;;*UBt la fa'scar of Cn 8 Ap^ilj. ths Central Slfectorsil 3Jo©rfi anxicunceS ttet4 Biacs the .V: Juno had feecn Ic^aliaeil tsy the Go-ssrjnsssGt. tits KcvsFisnt Tras r.v.t«ffi.ticaU.y retsogniasefl l^- it as a political perly* 9« At its siatioual cc^tvoatioQ, lield en 9 ana 10 April, -fes KH) SeciSefi to ^is^tic5.v^te ia tits elsaticst-j ^25 ri^iliaateS Ks-«, ^un rvsan ariu Jv-. Cisives'l;.^ Anto GasSiSi iferisardea «s Its cpjs&i&at-es rs? ths psreaaciGn^ a^d vi's •'/^'•c--r^'2isisi2?.ifts!i 2.0& 0?i 10 Api-ll, the L^Sj?al Svolutioalst PGIT^ (PI^5 held its r.?.t:local ftcr dur:ljjg tiMcSi at Rcsadlnatesl tlia leafier of th© KowsKsat cf feticsnal Jntogs'at I^o JSafcol F0 BoraselSy ©a Its caaSMata ^or PE^i'^csit, TJvs Rarfcidci ^afcrsieta awsjJnatsd ca 1? Apsdl £fcv Jcaqaaia'IfeliBgssM? SB ites casaSieJjst^j ACT PfrsaKiep/Co 11* SSas "J'JsviEiisnto Bevoiucloimrlo Ifc fie J«aic" affiiitled at Its a&tional coaventloa in Santo SoEsiKgo, on 15 Apsr.il, to support the eaMifeciSB of Jwsn Bosch en& s'e Antonio Gusaan for EeesiSont aarl Tifta-S^ssi'lssit yes^sctii'sJy,, On 3.9 Aprilf Boac!i declared 'Shat bs an^l his party refiisGS to accept the suvjpsrt of Hcnrevea^ tSia loMora of this politlcaJ. pas-ty insiatsfl lo.tss1 that t vould -rote su^^r fos* the PRO esMi&ates isj the ItethcosSRg electicas . 3- Th® DoKizsilesa Ceussaie's For*? (PCD) infiica-ii-ad -SiiaS 1-fc ^avM 3osc£g The !?Cft e^plKiirial tliat tfrla Er.^p«vr& "2i ths liaS ^sca lavsllisS. tigjalast Ms Igr w«lj,t.Seal e^eEcritiSs 'Ir. Ms at of ^ Aps-3,3^ P2*of^e?ioz' Jutia Bcsch 'saia t-l^a* Sis voulfl i^Tr?cri Col^mv, Cbr,-s?,3 v i : £43 tS«2 BH? eaESlda'fes for SsjasMsnfc or Vic-e-P^QBids-iito Bs'» svia*> "ersa Fro\ ?.;;;lci^r.l R'selSsssft states -Jbe/i an caries1 fci* Coloasl Gaigszano to ba •a3,igJ,T3l€- f©^ scev-EE^'ioa oo Yica-Seasisaaa'fc, Si® israjlS i^-,-53 to give up h?.s gc-Bltioa ia the c:ili'tr:cy« Qaasascio latss* &eclasi©S that lia •{/culd • cosatissas £a J-is 3&e la a Istter ©SfSfi-etJeffiS to 'fclia Erovisifiaial J^asiflenlj, t!?.s Ceat&.I 2osa?a.'. a»a a.11 political gaartiec, the Eaa-tMo Bsssocratico Cfcrosj that t2^^ gsi^s^sl elections shcwlS fea gcstpcasfi fsr ciirt;? dayc iti ostles elisste Mght '!» itiips?o?efl» Gss^cila Gc>fi«y"'statei' oa 13 April -E3iafi tlis go'^r^Ecsais sleeted £a > fO3?tfeco3sii3g electitaas woialfl fee 'Sa pca-ssz? for 1;he vhole fcur-^cso* •cfcs ic3e He his cffisvictioa that 'SSs© sili'Sa^y vovtlfi j?sspscti tihe ^illl of tha gJD&pl •fe Uo$0 racist let -the sUi'fe:^' !i:n.c^ t'-at is» t-is fy.tiwra t?c?th r.'L".ii;'^^ c:r:a s~o*:£a£c 2$ «. Bis l?.S Ko"viD^S3£at L-^alTiv^sd its i&oi3£tiox en tte -rf/y-^vml of •;&» Sate? fe-s^daaa F-cacs Fes^s fras 'LI'S ^c^.nl'Xin l\G^.*>"iiCj, n.:"j-olj^ -"vv-:. '"-c cc.:; • .^rfc™''; ^ -io a.SGMa wa -S^s vI'StfeEsc.l ci1 ^.is -.ros-co 5.3 "ilas ^"''!. K^-TP: -^-ry r. ;",. /.?.';?.r' XXX . en I Aga'13.« IMs Cffisafssrsaca ®e %®11 G^ tho secsnt ss-stiloa of $"••: ss3 Sccie.1 Cousacil £a Sas-isoB Aires "fegmsfefc iato tSia OTSSM filOTss'es^csa tlsat alibied ths Latin teariean eaaatriss agaJas-w tlie U,,S, T^JC U^S. «IM not eaosscaic asid social sassrso uregossd ^ ths Ls^ia Ascric-Kii Stefcea ae (BS Chafftsr. Cn fee otte,* bscsa, tbs La^la Acwrlcana TPSI*© casitloaa ca ths U,S the 20 » It t?ae ycg-orfesS tlhat -Us© t£jaiJig of tlie jEeetisags teas tsot iSeal« Because of ttus f U.,St to5G3A'eai©at £.n VietJKjEi, it ifii3 a "tefi t&se" ?OK» the InatiJi Aats-ican* g 1 to a^t ites fissncial, trade and tariff coaceeslCTta fsroas tfca IJCJ?. !SSie 'I.E, iu v?ms aflfefl, 'was ao* fiist-oscfl to saah^ sacfe coaceo-sibrjia at psrossivi* Pali tee, it was a "fcad t£ae" ^or tW U^S. to see!-: to etpesfsstltoa t!-fe OAS CcRiacftl''** p-twer-is,, Yet, the "tistiLng" could "be a secorsSasy KOt:l7e of tho ISallVsrs of the tvesvissgp as 'I'fee cause. «f' tfeia situation apg-sareS to l?s the coasflicting l;:rSs?-2ata of t&e »J«S tS-tin /aeHesK countries ia tlis political &E& ccontssic ffi«5J.a. £lo If tha diff=82'eii«ea tetweea tJje U«.S. tasfl Latin Acierica ^rers not x-apiflly settled t tfes 5hir5 Special IatesvAis$rican Conference ia Buenos Aistis ochedulctl fca* to te postpcnedo The talks to achleva a craiwejaiias could "fca clel^csja' id attitude of iihe '(I«S.oja eeoaomic EStteysu 2&&*ecwsrj tfee U-.S, s^tw-est tb&t Its "be- ccnsifierGS "by 'the OSS Council and etifcaitted to J/Jt also yasult in a long dr&tm-cut ppocsisss., Eraailian diplomats saggesteS. ^at the present iister-Aaterican dSlTlc-altifea may "be oysrjicms i? the political B to -She QfiS Charter could "be separated fz-oai tlie econosjLri ps-o'-'isiowe. "be the ssutject of a separate conveat!c«0 22 The folding of a conference of BresMents of OAS Keiaber States to eranine tsas, as pr-wpeaea ly President Illiaof Argentina, was received vith interest I/1"" ""S'tei* etas*,," sse Sota en I&tln feoricaa J^ lao # ®B& Tsa'jf^rssfi the ct^aitaseal; o? the U..S,, to -iSie ssaias . Sgecifie g>r«"siLQJss invol visas toarSer -feeafie "befei-csu -Kie fero t0 Sis S^ssw-Sents ags'cetl «Ssat tlsei asSjculfl csaswTt with each ofhoK1 and vith othsy ia^&a-Cir oa t5is gKJfeleas of ps-oS^riicn am3 Borketi-ag of ccttoa» Alice, tfcs ia^'^ca oa the isssd -io fiUgfcyJ; -She effwto fos? ^stin^^icatt eseacssic i ST«. Siace i'^sd.eo ana t!i® Oej;w fesd no ssE-icuu "siletsiral ps'c officially cSsaaactss-ifiea l>y t!so U.S., AdEtintfltffaliSca as aiaply as ©Tfoa't to £&>i(3££3y rolstSorAe befe:eca •Jiiis -fe-jo CGuatrlss,, Bbwewsr, ifc TEIB 2HB3*rS®52y sssftd visit sssy "§& ccsnsidsi'ejS. ae G U.S. £&{&£$$ to csaiitss-ars idia Regati-BB i« Latin /iEej'ica "by i-ts s-Sgid jjosS-tioa at the Ifenasa and oa the eeonc^ic aii3 social j??cl33,'52S3j<1 ^e ^ls?.t to £S83d.c© i-jall as -siia sargpea-fc of a higji level -Aserieaa a'eeiScate' ccaJfereaaa cctilfi a?eoc«ipaticB isi pyosoticg a raciis actl\'s poli<^ i& tiis ¥es5te Je3mssobed the intcsstloa of the to $he CT to vlsi^ la'&ln teea*2.ea is tlic JKJEESSS" J.E orScs* ^o , ifc c^ald "ba elgsifloaa* liat 1&\ Si«sss ISs-i-m, U.8* Witte^Sigarslaffiy of «• Sc«2«E2i ca SS Ap?5,ia t4». Kuia Imi a gcKSasan* assS ooatocs-TCSrsial ?cle in wntt a salicgr towiMe latia i'Jiiierice.. £b.eire JiKd teasi c^itieifc-Es tlsai; »fr & liard 14i*e in liejalsjiies'a poll^r, wi-fcSi an OKcesjilvs £S2feaiG oa "Ccssseaist eu^^s.'sion'*. Hs fead pts&ed 'sSt^^l with tl^e soar^ fX «,* J MSI rt*W^"S**fc^ wtlj* *T *r*;tTtr*3t;*v'T.<*V"..>'N :-i •! *:ft •f"T*t»fl1^ fbftf^'f* fr'~*-r /">'?* "^T*!ip>*l^ T*,.' •*'' '1 *,t A'ri*-T*i,',.i * .*.<•*i* , -j,^.' *•".•*•«*•* ~. •:* ??;J •.,,•?•..• t^J-itFti, tj!'>»i.mi Irf J»^,A V'Ob^ U'V^'O*- VfcS ^lii »*i4 ^/ '..SV J«.i $SOO ffilllion, $150 alllloa aM $3j Dill*sK ^esec&lvcJ^ fa -;i;u GUl Tfe Suaa ($&35 ssilXisa) gs^sssa-Sca sisca^y sv ball' of -lilis t»oS, •ia •to Its ae5ass?83iiiasafl ao-b OKi^- "fcy ©coacsaic feat also Igr political l of i?ieve the CSariss.-tJfis Saaoc3P®tle Go'5f®aa2seat isi Qiil© ag^eaycft to lfeffissiiiv-s to ths iaHiasJics ©f -felss 'CtoSasi jp-eToaaatlca in Xatto . 50* Eesaid'eat 'JofeaBon pzwg.?f3©a. t^i 16 Aj«iil the osrps-isatjgealt of f&\- to £ State foy Sats2'-«fesi*?,'3as Aff&l^u 5to a^s^atssat c?f tfea I?.SRT u,.Sc. ^®cai2s^ to feiag ao cfcai^s ia ths fffelsfeioao viife S&aK5.1. Bss U«S. ra« isiii%®3Qr Govsyasasat'c? Erssil *,a '^ogysasl'st?*' sr^a t^OTofcffs fju^?s"6si5l it, ili to feaslij, SLS. Secaraiairy of : Ifhs W«SV toad a3.j?3afiy jjjafe |150 milltoa la e,i Oa 14 ApySlj* a 33uaBiliaa 'Has? BilaljstE'jr epcSsesazaa fiejalc-S' thr/i; BrasS.1 t7Ct,tl«l y to Vi-ffiJsass is. sroppert oJ" vh«' U»SP AI«K>, Ctdlesa vjiiTOS'sS^* fjttjfeata pz oa 11 April cigalnst i&ie U<,S« ^oli^r in Vi«feaa« ItojaTO^p tfea U,.St d^vsnHs^rS Satisi ^sericasi gsves-jssea&s wsrs sJic^dng c-.-fe i-s-ec^s^ revs Kirl^'st'?^! to t^-u Macola €o£xtoa, ths a*goi&Ant?.ecy cm ^Ma :'«.'n^.:- fe'-ivs' y.,S» -jras acw casd/vlns tM 5feiusflaat3.1i5M fictxatcyi-^o^o^aTa. fba st'aeea *£iio TJffS« &si& FaraKsa ssxtparte^.ly -/-ay fes h?jitlex's-a t'-y tha est&satss of tolls ia.c«ss*e seosias fwra $li!?0 *o $3^ lai • • ' ' ' ' • '. ••'••.•' to •$]?&&& 'sgypsfkB i there vas seise £dsag3s>shca3ioa ssiosg sjost BaEsapM «. 3 - Also, in the TELei? ©f r&aasss* ths !?„&* t.r.^ Si^/lsg to e©>-l©*«®X css&I Seal 1$? ecQtsife'iKg altssTiS^ivit c;inal a'S&'fcs.s is SSieasagssa., asaS feaia Hics.0 'E&a U0§<, Assists^ feerctastf fb? latin ^ssvi H ' »&-si?:leaEi£'r'3 _f fess to iss oa S tsio eowteies Jsafl iSJ^lalelied ffssaaatl^u ^ia£is SselEUJsgfeifia ^as Sa lins «!•«& tfcs ta* 11 1 ioP_ "seftesslag ' the W0S» psdi^ te«aas?ae &d(l>a» 3^0 Ca £8 Ags?llp iih® GftS Special Caasssi^ti^s CcsEaitt-ss oa feeva'lty se^CEsS © "hig^i le^al GGJsfe^®KiGa" ia ®s?SeJ? to ©^015% ssssffiatases against wC?assss5.3i; •salysss' isa •feS-n© tfestssa EsasispEi^i'eo ^?iu© ga-ege'szil was osus »? tfe ssecssa^ffi^Sloaa of a g ttee ^icoatiBiga'feal (Jes^sspsaiee fesld la feissma, las'fc Jaa'^ass'o "^hs tati*s® Cfc^aiitftse^ t^tddi tsas ©staHsIiefesfl ia 19^^ ia secsraaacs Kith a of the R?B-£a &©i Set® SfeKstiag of CcHsaltaitieaj, also pg^^nsefl otbes? csssfisispas of esc^s?i%' assl zlatslllgsacs e-s«esifiiJBS16ioa to fca urs>a©rtisv!csa !%<• th© dOTa^ O.AS . Jfeabss- Steins o ffe" ssLlitasy ^quipsan'b aai i^a^ safes'i tSja fegE'lcaa e6iiafeitas.s 360 Dsss'iJtg t2is stesdsrl, sosss atctiissi ceatSisasd isj t&e ag- ©s ta srssssit ©f tbe fiiega'Ss o^^sa? ths Qtfeaa'ssa, 3&lls»e Cii 19 Agiril ta'fesa t&at !&ag£X ^sas -ssrilllK^ to gi';^ to aij ©f t!s© Rails patsatlalj 1sa"& wouXS &&'& s^sacisacs) its yi^tta fco ' ishssp®,, !SSM& Earagsiasraia .Atifcss^iiicr to 3feisil ^ ae ..•She sasr^i ©a Its •tes>2d^o2.i 5 :Ag^ll to tatos di^lc^atle iso&ti&tl^a SSECSEBS to flnfl a psaeeS'jal solntloa of tfo© Bmsillan»^s'a§uayea The •Fea'etgsi Mlaiss'os1^ of Chile stated osa 11 AppJ.1 tfeat CbJ|,l 39 „ Ga IS Apg»il, tfes l^itiaSx t^ith t&e a !fes&iastQ!as tlis offers s^assiefl 2"eafe ia vlaicis %0o At s cosfepesuce is Loaacsa Last yesap, B?itaia aaS Ss^teE^l® agates to ©sk tbs Ut.S0 t© se-aiat© t^eir tsrritorisl Siemste. B^ssid-sat Jofeaeoss appoizitefl, 1 Jar0 Bsthael JfettJusK Ife'bsst^r to 5*accsssM a Boratici50 '.M?0 Websfe?. held talks isa Bs-itleh H«sM.to'as asiS Stsata^Ia to prspsr© his secGasssaSatieas „ Ouatsssala s.g'tlie essfcis1© tars-I-to^f ©f British Eea6tes?ais» Accas'dissg to p?es:s e-aa© saSs tsrspitepial el&ise OH tSi@ tes-spitosy, ssessa to bs British HesniM^aa (Bellse) essS MS ofgtepeS tedsisicsl tills goalo press cFlticisea 'fchs rlss la the ps?iee of Chilean Siagpsa&a if it !«a& s0t Icbs®a fc? tJte Ilio-iissiaa crisis « ShoaM the ccggssr price r5.ss too steeply, it was ©dSeS^. the copper *?,sers t^ssal^ tiwa ©ws* t© saS, once t&esr aoa thsjrs ^tnald Tse little ia-eeatl^s to i-stnra to uelag wa-yer sli'ssper It i&sy b®0 In gaach a eituetieaj,, it 'u»as istets like -'Chile anfi Sasfela" t-Siicb. fiepeafi eatS^al^ en cogges*, weald face " infi» Tfce Foa-eiga Miaistes* of -A^eatiiagi OE 13 iflppil seti-^tsd Ma ^issit.to oasatries s^f tfes deslsf ef tSe As-geatisse Oo^ez'sssseat t© espasEa its vMch ia the ^st bad lse®a silssost eaclusi^ssly dsfj-oted to Westsya sad the OS0 H© said togeatiaa intes&efi t© iacreaee z-slatioaia raltfe Aei&sa Mr,, Zaifala Ortiz de&lefi allegations that he siate the trip t© TlstKSja bscasase th® gaa^t ©f the U0S0 f latia tegrlea ogg^ed la Mssics City ea 19 April 0 ^as task of the ssetiass the S®ssicl«arisstiosa of 11 Sal'mSes-^, Miti 4 te the sessiea *^@rs tlis U0Se, U0SuSsB0i> OoK,,, Ei^aace aat the -usalt js-oihi'bit ass^ siggsatafgr ssatlca fe«aa liuiMissg or I2ft»ita?llati6as capibl© of deli^erSag jmcleai? W3aps»s.> A Centre isoaM ts-e ©stablis&sfi to sapsy^ise tSie exec^tioa ®t t f bat its JBs-IsdleticSi ^s?.£ld "be limited to tte sig^ateg'g.r ps?5srsu disseiatiag s®gort? Bsasil ojagoseS the plaE 'feacawse tlJ3 group bad 2Ctfc8a oaly t© ©dvis© th@ Latin Asericaa Gcwmisseata sss the sssrlts g of a tsfea1^ ^isas teyosi t&E-t «sal«es Galaa agreed to iaspectirai sst^ cost!?©!, bsslagbsa'ie uecaritj trosxia be ^gopss^ised-, I© its SQlsfsittsfi to tlie i^etiagp ^asll SiM ceateMed tfet a® tg-saty of "Kf©52lci be ascspfeable ^ritS2©iit th© paytieipatioa ©r Ctaljao Bs?aail 'ssalatefi "esssatlml cossjfiltioas'* for e, vorkabl© ts^sa,^: 5 Mssa'bes'ship "bgr all Latla A^es-iciaa ccmat?l©s; gsaasasitess fVc^ tiis Kscleas* poye^s asd fj?ss! potsatial tbat th^ uosld respset tlis ega?e®Eent: c) SSailai? fKH§ coaijtspies that had "de $sr@" O2»"cLe SSacto" :s?sglo3a0 ^Siis Tjeu3.fi teclwle tlse U<,S.0 csatesl in FaeE1^ Eico &M the Tfirgfca Isils the BetheE-i^Ms vMda still cosAtrol' . te^s*it,oyies to the Cferi'b'beaE'. os> la Soutla Ame^icao %6o It ms also reportea that tlae Iteelcsn Goisssxaaeat did not taadeKpestimsta ©bstacles to ass^eEseat ©a the dsmft^ Bat It fesred that tlBts 8sy Toe rmsaaiaig possiMlitgr of Lal-ia tesrica tilting the initlatl's?® in &, veacldwide s^rseaeat smcleas1 pscllferaticn. President Gustavo Bias Qrdaa of Msa:Ic© was 1 to fcav® e^sast-a this jsa&afe das'lEg kU; tGlks •ritk U,S0 Ki^^t ••••?;& ;-.-fe•;••:-.,•' ^;•..;•••; rfc ban ecaSe •SSie i^uo of Jkvfcis fe^x'ilc&K derai-" ;-as-: -s/V!-^ -;v a a? ivss &f -3&n ftxreaga policy,, cud U,-S,, ec.p::-'t i'--;^ ".TJ ^flj;' v Syg Jfedcasii pOisatlOBu Sc Saav hc^v •--. ^r:-; ! , o. ir'^^'S Brazil"^ 'oiStf tbat Culj;,?," ss jjarSiciis^tow -oa^ es-^-£Ktl:- fc-1.;- aw :cv;i:>,:;;^i^?' As it is kstowa, -frt> gswr3iiclgs.iva i?i t'ca teeatg-^ Cufca tJessr-i-^ea "iiat. the «J. S^ fleet dtoaatle tfee jalli-fear base at euafe^aao, . la Ids wentusage of 19 Ag^il seat t& 4be thlw! seesiea c:r $ie P^spasatos-j/ for the Dtsmclearftsation of Lsitin A'aariea, the Sseratey^&er&l of the UH obeesrvsfl that ea lacsreaains Kwaiber of States Jssfl fcs«a r^aaiL^g sfogsa^flsrs to the eeusloxse of the Ccatsissioa,,' He rcgpa^iefi -fete latepest la l.-Ss wosSs as «si of the grmdiss reccsaitioa feisong the Co^es^ajessits m-sa peoples of tba of -SiiB assefi ? Herewith you vill find an informative Note on the proposal for a "Summit Conference" of Heads of State of the American Republics. Date: 27 May 1966 CR. 13 (11-64) CONFIDENTIAL MA:ms 27 May 1966 Note on the Proposal for a "Summit Conference" of Heads of State of the American Republics . 1, On 2 April 1966, at the concluding meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council in Buenos Aires, President Arturo Ulia of Argentina proposed that a conference of the Presidents of the American Republics be held as soon as possible, at which the principles of the Alliance for Progress would be the subject of political reaffirmation. Following consultation, the Argentine proposal would be decided upon by the Council of the Organization of American States, 2, The proposal was received with interest, but also with some skepticism in the hemisphere. The prevailing view is that the conference should be held only if it is certain that it would have positive results, which, under the present circumstances, is doubted. While Chile and Uruguay have supported the Argentine initiative, Brazil has appeared to be more cautious. It was reported that because of internal problems, the Brazilian President could not participate if the meeting were to take place in a country other than Brazil in 1966. Also, the participation of Venezuela is questioned since Venezuela does not recognize some military governments in the hemisphere and did not attend the Second Special Inter-American Conference in Rio de Janeiro in November 1965. 3, The President of the United States in his speech in Mexico on 15 April, supported the proposal. Thus, the idea gained some strength, although a great deal of preparatory work was considered to be necessary. No date or place for the conference have as yet been decided upon. !)•„ During his recent visit to Santiago de Chile, the Uruguayan Foreign Minister stated that his country would officially propose Punta del Este as the place for the meeting. The Uruguayan Government has considered that the best time for the meeting would be the end of this year, he added. This suggestion is in line with the attitude of the U.S. Government. The U.S. Assistant Under-Secretary of Inter-American Affairs, Mr, Lincoln Gordon, declared that the conference could be held sometime between August 1966 and April 1967. In this context, it was added that the United States is in favour of holding the meeting in Uruguay, - 2 - 5* It was reported that the convening of the conference would be discussed at the third Special Inter-American Conference, which after having been postponed twice, will, it appears, take place in Buenos Aires, probably next August, ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: A: The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Date: 8 Jane 1966 CR. 13 (11-64) COHFIDEIilTIAL 6 June 1966 MArpmm NOTE OK IATCT-AMEBIGAK AFFAIRS - MftY Copy Ho. ../. NOTE ON LATIN-AMERICAN AFFAIRS - MAY 1966 I. General Comments 1. During the period under review, the previous trends in the OAS activities have continued. The United States Government is trying to receive support from Brazil, Chile and some Central American countries for its economic amendments to the OAS Charter. Because of the difficulties in reaching a US- Latin American compromise on this question before July, the third Special Inter- American Conference, scheduled to take place in Buenos Aires in July, has been postponed. It may be held in August. The Inter-American Presidents meeting made no substantial progress, and the necessity of a great deal of preparatory work was reaffirmed. 2. The situation in the Dominican Republic remained tense on the eve of the elections which took place on 1 June. Several violent incidents occurred in Santo Domingo and other places. As a result of the inadequate political climate, the presidential candidates of the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRO), former President Juan Bosch, and of the Reformist Party (PR), former President Joaquin Balaguer, threatened to withdraw from the electoral campaign. The OAS would observe the elections. The Provisional Government did not ask for United Nations assistance in this respect. The UN Secretary-General, comparing the situation in Vietnam with the situation in the Dominican Republic, stated on 12 May that the UN role in the settlement of the Dominican crisis was limited because of the opposition of one of the Big Powers to UN involvement in peace- keeping operations or the maintenance of law and order. 3. New efforts to achieve Latin American integration were suggested. At the eleventh session of ECLA Committee of the Whole in Santiago de Chile, the Foreign Minister of Chile reiterated Chilean support for Continental integration and expressed hope for a favourable juncture which would allow the adoption of a highest level political decision in order to strengthen economic integration. 4. The third session of the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America closed on k May without reaching any definite results.— I/ See A/6328 (12 May 1966) and Resolution 1911 (XVIII). -2- Differences of opinion appeared among participating states. The majority, including the delegations of Chile and Mexico, supported the draft treaty prepared by the Co-ordinating Committee, while Brazil opposed it and presented its own draft. In the version of the Co-ordinating Committee, the treaty would enter into force between the States which would have ratified it or acceded to it. Brazil demanded as a condition sine qua non that all countries in Latin America, including Cuba, must take part in the treaty and that all the nuclear powers, including the ERG, must sign guarantees that they would respect the treaty. 5. British Guiana became an independent state, under the name of Guyana,—2'/ on 26-May. As a result of recent negotiations, the United Kingdom, British Guiana and Venezuela agreed last February to resolve the border conflict by peaceful means. If, in the period contemplated in the Agreement, Venezuela and Guyana should not have arrived at a solution, they shall refer the decision to an appropriate international organ or, failing on this point, to the UN Secretary-General. II. Situation in the Dominican Republic 6. The situation in the country continued to be tense and several incidents among Dominicans as well as between the Dominican population and the IwPF were reported. 7. On 13 May the Central Electoral Board stated that, in spite of rumours, the elections would take place on 1 June. The Board decided to supervise the programme of radio and TV stations on that day so that they would not make any political statements. 8. On 17 May, the presidential candidate of the PRD, former President Juan Boach, charged that members of the Armed Forces and the National Police had persecuted followers of his party since the electoral campaign had begun and had engaged in political activities on behalf of the PR and against the PRD. Consequently, the National Executive Committee of the PRD announced that it would remain in permanent session and had decided to give the Provisional Government 48 hours in which to take "satisfactory and unequivocal" action to end that situation, otherwise the PRD would withdraw from the electoral campaign. 2/ For details see Note on Guyana (British Guiana) of 16 May 1966. -3- 9. On 18 May, the Provisional President stated that in order to prevent frictions which might give rise to complaints, he had decided to confine to barracks all armed forces starting from 19 May until election day. The IAPF personnel was previously confined to barracks. The PRD considered adequate the measures taken by the Government. 10. On IT May, presidential candidate Joaquin Ealaguer announced the withdrawal of the Partido Reformists from the elections, the main reason being the refusal of the Central Electoral Board to accede to the request of the PR that women be allowed to vote without identity cards and that changes be made in the personnel of municipal and provincial electoral boards. On 18 May, the Government satisfied the PR demands, and the PR reconsidered its decision to withdraw. 11. The QaS Ad Hoc Committee reported on 29 May that forty-one observers invited by the OAS would observe the elections in the Dominican Republic. Two days after the elections, the observers would submit a report to the Provisional Government. 12. The electoral campaign officially ended on JO May. The situation regarding the elections may be summarized as follows: On 1 June, Dominican voters will elect the President, the Vice President, 27 senators and 7^ deputies. The Central Electoral Board estimates that the total number of votes will be approximately 1,300,000. The Candidates for President and Vice President and the parties supporting them are: Dr. Joaquin Balaguer and Mr. Francisco Augusto Lora, respectively, are supported by the Partido Reformista, the Partido Democrata Cristiano, the Partido Progresista Democrata-Christiano and the Partido Liberal Evolucionista. Mr. Rafael F. Bonnelly and Dr. Abel Fernandez Simo, respectively, are supported by the Partido Accion Revolucionaria, the Partido Nacionalista Revolucionario Democratic©, the Partido Vanguardia Revolucionaria Dominicana and the Partido Union Civica Nacional. Professor Juan Bosch and Mr. Silvestre Antonio Guzman, respectively, are supported by the Partido Revolucionario Dominicano and the Partido Revolucionario Social Cristiano. The Movimiento Revolucionario 14 de Junio and the Dominican Communist Party have also decided to support the Bosch- Guzmo.n ticket, although their support Wa.s not Accepted by Mr. Bosch. 13. The political stability after the elections is questioned. The Minister of the Armed Forces indicated again on 18 May that the Government to be elected on 1 June would be respected by the Armed Forces. Also, Colonel Caamano, former leader of the "Constitutionalist" forces, stressed on 27 May that the outcome of the elections must be respected by all political parties and by the armed forces. The pessimism concerning the future of the elected government is based on the serious economic and military problems, that have reportedly been partly camouflaged during the period of the Provisional regime.^' Consequently, whoever wins the elections will find his opinions severely limited. The economic situation of the present Dominican Government is very difficult. It depends on US aid, which has amounted to $130 million since April 1965. Moreover, it was said that the Dominican Army would not stay out of politics. Ik. The presence of the IAPF on the Dominican territory is also a complex issue. On 30 May, President Garcia Godoy sent a communication to the Tenth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American States, informing it that he had instructed the Dominican representative to the OAS to request a meeting in order to ask for the withdrawal of the IAPF from the Dominican Republic after the elections. It was also reported on 31 May that the six American countries having contingents in the IAPF, namely Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay and the United States, had addressed a note to the Tenth Meeting requesting it to consult with the Provisional President and the President-elect in order to prepare for the withdrawal of IAPF troops from Dominican territory. The intention of the US Government in making this request before the 1 June elections, it was said, was to demonstrate its impartiality. However, according to reports, the US was worried that an early departure of the IAPF may prove prejudicial to the stability of the President- elect. Therefore the possibility was envisaged that the IAPF may still remain in Santo Domingo even after the inauguration of the new President on 1 July. In spite of that, during the electoral campaign, the presidential candidates were apparently committed to demanding the prompt withdrawal of the IAPF. 15. The US Secretary of State, Mr. Dean Rusk, declared on 10 May that the US Government would stop helping the Dominican Republic should the President-elect _3/ Mew York Times, 8 May 1966. -5- fail to have the sympathy of the US Administration. He added, however, that Mr. Juan Bosch had publicly "broken with the leftist parties. l6. The OAS Human Rights Commission has been invited by the Provisional Government to investigate alleged incidents at the frontier between the Dominican Republic and Haiti and the general situation in the region. According to the Provisional President, this measure has been taken in view of rumours that Haitians have been brought to the Dominican Republic to vote in the elections. III. Latin American integration IT, The idea of Latin American integration was once again emphasized during the eleventh session of the Committee of the Whole of the ECLA, which took place in Santiago de Chile at the beginning of May. On 10 May, the Foreign Minister of Chile, McGabriel Valdes, called attention to the fact that the basic purpose of the UN, to maintain world peace and security, would only exist if "inter- national co-operation is expressed in specific and clear-cut advantages for the developing countries". He referred to the low living standards of Latin America, the urgency of collaboration from the industrialized countries and the need of a new common Latin American stand at the second session of UNCTAD in 1967. He pointed out that the external debts of Latin America continue to increase, reaffirmed Chile's support for Latin American integration, and expressed hopes for a favourable juncture allowing for the adoption of the highest level political decisions in order to strengthen economic integration. 18. At the same time, Mr. Jose Antonio Mayobre, Executive Secretary of ECLA, expressing his views on the Latin American economic situation, referred to the instability of the economy, the decline in the Latin American share of world trade and the unsatisfactory dynamics of industrial development and insufficient gross capital formation. In the view of the Executive Secretary, solutions must be sought through intensified economic integration, export of manufactured goods and the raising of the region's share in the access of basic commodities to the world markets. IV. Denuclearization of Latin America 19. The Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America at its third session held in Mexico from 19 April to'4 May 1966, endorsed a document containing proposals for the preparation of the treaty on the -6- denuclearization of the area. The document recalls UN General Assembly Resolution 1911 (XVIIl) which established that the measures for the denucleariza- tion of Latin America should be taken in the light of the principles of the Charter of the UN and of regional agreements. 2.0. The draft treaty vould prohibit the testing, use, manufacture, production or acquisition by any means whatsoever of any nuclear weapons in the territories of the Member States. Although the treaty is open for agreement or accession to all Latin American Republics and to other present and future sovereign States of the Western Hemisphere, the General Conference established by the Treaty shall not, however, take any decision regarding the admission of a political entity whose territory is, in whole or in part and prior to the date of signature of the treaty, the subject of a dispute or claim between a country outside the Continent and one or more Latin American States until the dispute has been settled by peaceful means. 21. The Commission approved the preamble and 19 of the 26 articles of the draft treaty. There were some differences on articles 1 (obligations), 6 (General Conference, 8 (control system), 9 (bilateral agreements with IAEA), 20 (signature), 2J (entry into force) and 25 (denunciation). The majority, including Mexico and Chile, supported the text of the draft prepared by the Co-ordinating Committee of the Commission. According to this version, the treaty shall enter into force between the States which have ratified it or accede to it on the date on which they deposit their respective instruments of ratification or accession. But, Brazil supported by Argentina, Colombia and Venezuela demanded that all countries in Latin America, including Cuba, must take part in the treaty and all the nuclear powers, including the PRC, must sign guarantees that they would respect the nuclear-free zones. The draft treaty submitted by the delegations of Brazil and Colombia also included, in draft form, two additional Protocols of Guarantee. A fourth preparatory session was scheduled for 30 August in order to settle the controversy and adopt a final text. 22. The Preparatory Commission appealed to the nuclear powers to end all tests of atomic .weapons. This appeal was connected particularly with the decision of the French Government to test nuclear weapons in the South Pacific -7- and was interpreted as reflecting the concern of Latin America towards the nuclear proliferation. 2$. The Commission decided to request the Negotiating Committee to make informal inquiries to ascertain whether the PRC would be prepared to undertake to respect the treaty on the Denuclearization of Latin America. In previous such inquiries, the other nuclear powers have declared, in principle, that they would respect the status of denuclearized area of Latin America. V. Relations of Latin American countries with the United States 24. A most significant factor in the present inter-American relations has been the campaign of the US Government to reach a compromise with the Latin American countries to amend the OAS Charter on economic matters. At the Panama meeting in April, after unanimous agreement the US adopted a rigid position and opposed the Latin American proposals on the issue. During the month of May, the US Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, Mr. Lincoln Gordon, paid visits to Chile and some Central American Republics (El Salvador, Costa Rica) while the US Deputy Co-ordinator for the Alliance for Progress, Mr. David Bronheim, visited Argentina and Brazil in an attempt to work out an understanding of the terms of the proposed amendments. 25. At present, the Brazilian Government is studying the new US proposals delivered by Mr. Bronheim. The Secretary-General of the Brazilian Foreign Ministry asserted on 1J May-that the US plans to attempt a reconciliation of • Latin American and US interests and that the new attitude of the US is "very constructive". Moreover, during Mr. Gordon's visit to Chile, a common agree- ment between the two countries was reached with regard to the creation of three major OAS Councils and the introduction in the OAS Charter of only general provisions on economic matters. 26. The US-Latin American controversy determined the postponement of the third Special Inter-American Conference, scheduled to take place in Buenos Aires in July. It may be held in August 1966. The Conference has to adopt the final amendments to the OAS Charter. 27. The visits of the representatives of the US State Department to Latin American countries may also reflect an effort to clear the way for a summit conference of the American Presidents. It was argued that until the third Special Conference is held, the presidential meeting would remain a distant prospect. -8- 28. The Conference of Presidents, proposed by Argentina and supported by the US, would reaffirm the principles of the Alliance for Progress. During his recent visit to Santiago de Chile in May, the Uruguayan Foreign Minister stated that his Government would officially propose Punta del Este as the place for the meeting. Uruguay has considered that the best time for the conference would be the end of this year, he added. This suggestion is in line with the attitude of the US Government, which previously declared that the meeting could be held sometime between August 1966 and April 196?• However, the prevailing view appears to be that the conference should be held only if it was certain that it would have positive results, which, under the present circumstances, was in doubt, 29. The new US diplomatic initiative in Latin America appeared to be determined by the interest and insistance of Latin American countries to solve, first of all, economic problems. The Latin American Parliament, in a recent meeting held in Caracas, recommended that members should not ratify the new amendments to the OAS Charter if the economic problems were not equitably solved. The Inter-American Economic and Social Council is expected to meet in Washington on 6 June to define these amendments, and it will probably recommend a compromise between the US and Latin American positions. It has been reported that the Latin American countries would utilize US political interest in the establishment of a permanent Inter-American peace-keeping force in order to obtain economic concessions. The US seems to be still interested in the creation of such a force and Mr. Lincoln Gordon discussed the issue with the Chilean Government during his recent trip. JO. On the other hand, referring to the policy of the US Government towards Latin America, US Senators Fulbright and Morse expressed in the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee strong opposition to an extension of American aid on a bilateral basis. They urged that, increasingly, aid should be administered through multilateral agencies such as the Inter-American Bank and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. This position coincides with Latin American criticism that the Alliance for Progress was relying too much on bilateral arrangements between the US and individual Latin American countries. Thus, the Alliance was straying from the original concept of a multilateral programme of international co-operation in the hemisphere. -9- 31. Reaffirming his views on US intervention in the Dominican Republic, Senator Fulbright pointed out on 5 May that the US Government intervened militarily on the side of a corrupt and reactionary "oligarchy". The US Administration thus "lent credence" to the idea that the US is"the enemy of social revolution and, therefore, the enemy of social justice in Latin America". 32. Senator Robert F. Kennedy called on 9 May for greater attention by the US to the revolutionary currents at work in Latin America and for closer political identification of the US Government with leaders and groups that represent these currents. He urged greater US material and technical assistance, an increasing emphasis on education and on land reform assistance, and fuller consultation with Western Hemisphere partners before taking any decision to intervene in the area. The statement was favourably received in Latin America. The Colombian Senate expressed on 12 May its appreciation of the statement and passed a resolution in which it was stated that Mr. Kennedy's "attitude was in consonance with the Spanish American aspirations for economic development". The Panamanian press considered that statement as "remarkable". 33- In the bilateral relations of the US with Latin American countries, particular emphasis was put on economic matters. The President of Venezuela stated at the end of May that the US has maintained restrictions and discriminations against Venezuelan exports, first of all with regard to oil. The US discriminatory policy was prejudicial to the economy of Venezuela, he added. 34. The Bolivian Government charged that the US Embassy in La Paz tried to obstruct the drafting of an economic co-operation agreement between Bolivia and France. The US further exerted strong pressure on the Bolivian Government to stop it from buying Caravelle planes from Prance, The aim of the US Government appears to be to make sure that the American airline companies retain control of commercial air traffic in Bolivia, 35. The Foreign Minister of Panama reportedly authorized the US to conduct atomic tests in the Darien area in connexion with the plan for the construction of a new canal. This fact aroused concern in the light of the effects that the tests could have on the population. -10- 36. The US and Latin American Governments' concern with, regard to the political instability in the region has persisted. An Inter-American Conference of Air Force Commanders and Chiefs of Staff took place in Lima on 1^ May. On this occasion, Venezuela presented a document concerning the "doctrine against irregular and insurgent wars". US-Cuba relations 37. The relations between the US and Cuba became again tense at the end of May. The Cuban Ministry of Armed Forces announced that on 21 May, American servicemen in the area of the Guantanamo base had killed a Cuban soldier at his post in the Cuban territory. On 27 May, Mr. Rusk claimed that Cuban soldiers had penetrated into the territory of the Guantanamo base on 23 May and alleged that the Cuban side had also been responsible for the earlier incidents. 38. The Prime Minister of Cuba, Fidel Castro, rejected on 27 May the US charges, condemned US provocation, and warned that the people of Cuba were determined to uphold their freedom and independence and give a rebuff to any attempts at aggression. The Cuban Government announced on 28 May that it might soon order a "combat alert", involving full mobilization, and called upon socialist countries to send "volunteers" against US "aggression". 39. The USSR supported Cuba. A TASS statement of 31 May declared that the war against the Vietnamese people, the military intervention in the Dominican Republic, the establishment of sources of tension in the Middle East, the hostile actions against Cuba were all manifestations of the "aggressive policy" of the United States. The Soviet ruling circles, the statement said, followed closely the developments in the Carribean region, and considered it necessary to issue a reminder of the earlier pledges of support for Cuba, which is fighting for its freedom and independence. kO. On the other hand, the US Government denied on 31 May that it was preparing to attack Cuba and, according to US officials, no major crisis was in sight. VI. The relations of Latin America: with European countries lj-1. The French plan to test in July nuclear weapons in the South Pacific dominated the scene of Latin America's relations with European countries. This plan aroused strong Latin American opposition. The Presidents of Chile, Colombia and Peru protested in April to President de Gaulle, stating that it is not scientifically certain that such tests are harmless and that flora and fauna -11- might well be in clanger. President Frei of Chile appealed again on 21 May to President de Gaulle for suspension of French nuclear experiences in the Pacific. h2. In his reply to the Latin American Chiefs of State, President de Gaulle stated on k May that France was taking strict security measures to ensure that its forthcoming nuclear tests in the South Pacific would have no harmful effects. The French message also pointed out that there had been hundreds of similar tests, all harmless, and this had been why the Presidents of Peru and Colombia had not protested against them. Since the end of April a French scientific mission has been visiting the various capitals on the Pacific Coast endeavouring to reason away the Latin American objections. 43. A meeting of nuclear experts of Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru took place in Lima in the second half of May to -.discuss the effects of the French nuclear tests. It was reported from Santiago, Chile, that the Chilean Foreign Minister, referring to the meeting of nuclear experts, said that the report drawn up by the experts had indicated that the French explosion posed no actual danger to the four countries. In view of that, the Foreign Minister was said to have added, the need for the planned Foreign Ministers Meeting, of the four Latin American countries, in Santiago, had been obviated. 44. Argentina and Brazil were more cautious with regard to the French tests. Argentina was not invited to the Lima meeting of Latin American nuclear experts. The Foreign Minister of Argentina stated on 18 May that France is free to explode its bomb because it is not a signatory of the Moscow Treaty. This statement was considered as an indication that Argentina would not support the protests of other Latin American Governments. Other reasons which appeared to justify Argentina's position may be the French-Argentine mutual assistance treaty concerning the use of atomic energy and the presence in Argentina of French technicians who work with the Argentine Atomic Energy Commission. Brazil seems to adopt a similar position. 45. The Latin American Parliament will discuss the French tests in a meeting at the beginning of June, Moreover, it was reported that the Government of Colombia would end its opposition to the French nuclear tests in the South Pacific. Colombia does not consider this the opportune time to hold a meeting of Foreign Ministers of several South American states to discuss the matter. The Colombian President was satisfied with the French explanation that the tests would not harm the South American countries bordering the Pacific Ocean. -12- h6. There were comments that the construction of the sea-level canal in Panama which would be accomplished with the use of atomic energy had made the Colombian Government change its attitude. The danger from atomic explosions in Panama would be greater than that of the French tests. ROUTINGnSLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: * A: The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR" SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION rV vI^- Date: FROM: .E. 7 June 1966 ! DBder-secretary, PSCA, CR. 13 (11-64) i "» I CONEEDEMPIAL MA:ms 7 June 1966 * Note on the Presidential Elections in the Dominican Republic 1, The Presidential elections in the Dominican Republic took place on 1 June, Dr. Joaquin Balaguer, the candidate of the Reformist Party emerged as the victor. The other presidential candidates were the former President Juan Bosch (Dominican Revolutionary Party) and Rafael Bonnelly (National Integration Movement). Dr« Balaguer will take office on 1 July; his government will be the eleventh admin- istration after Trujillo and the third government installed after free elections in this century. Dr. Balaguer was President of the country during the last period of the Trujillo era, which lasted from 1930 to 196l, 2. On 1 June, more than 1,320,000 Dominicans participated in the voting and elected the President and the Vice-President of the Republic, 27 Senators and 74 Deputies, According to official returns, the President-elect obtained 75^,^09 votes, while Mr, Bosch and Mr. Bonnelly obtained 517,jQk and ^5,073 respectively, 3* The elections were supervised by the Dominican Central Electoral Board and observed by a group of observers from the Organization of American States, Although there were some allegations of fraud - made by the Dominican Revolutionary Party, the two official bodies observing the elections stated that the voting was orderly and free. On 3 June the group of observers from the OAS submitted its report on the elections to the Provisional Government, The Provisional Government did not ask for the assistance of the United Nations on the question, 4, On the whole, the situation in the Dominican Republic remained tense on the eve of the elections and several violent incidents occurred during the last weeks, despite the efforts made by the Provisional Government and the Inter-American Peace Force to maintain order. Both Dr» Balaguer and Mr, Bosch threatened to with- draw from the electoral campaign because of the unquiet political climate, 5» The victory of Dr, Balaguer may create new tension in the Dominican Republic with the possibility of an increase in the activity of the "leftist groups" and of the revolutionary movement. On 2 June, Juan Bosch warned against violence and asked his supporters to remain calm until the full elections results became known. I/ In a statement of 3 June, Mr, Bosch said his party would challenge the returns "at every point where there is proof of fraud". An editorial in the Christian Science Monitor stated on June 7, that "there is growing evidence of some fraud in the vote count". - 2 - 6, Under the present circumstances, the political stability of the country appears to be uncertain. Pessimism concerning the prospects of the newly elected Government is reportedly based on the serious economic and social problems which have been partly camouflaged during the period of the Provisional regime. Accord- ingly, the new President finds his scope severely limited. The economic situation of the. country is very difficult; it depends on United States aid, which has amounted to $130 million since April 1965. The Dominican Army would probably play an important role in the new regime; as recently as 3 June, Brig. General Elias ¥essin y Wessin declared that he would end his exile in the United States and would return to the Dominican Republic, 7, The question of the presence of the Inter-American Peace Force on Dominican territory is also a complex issue. On 30 May, the Provisional President requested an OAS meeting in order to decide on the withdrawal of the Force following the elections. The six countries having contingents in the Inter-American Peace Force (Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, United States) addressed a Note on 29 May to the Tenth Meeting requesting it to consult with the Provisional President and the President-elect to prepare the withdrawal of the IAPF. 8, Because of the situation, the possibility was envisaged that the Force might temporarily remain in Santo Domingo for the "protection" of the President and for maintaining public order* Although during the electoral campaign all presidential candidates were apparently committed to demanding the prompt withdrawal of the IAPF, the President-elect on 2 June declared that he did not think the Force should with- draw immediately. On 5 June, Dr. Balaguer again stressed that the IAPF would have to remain in the country following the installation of the new Government "until the problems of civilian disarmament and reintegration of the Constitutionalist troops are resolved", "Jt also depends on the situation in general", he added, 9, In a television interview on Sunday, 5 June, Dr» Balaguer in discussing the possibility of inviting Mr. Bosch to co-operate in his Government, called such a co-operation "indispensable for the pacification of our country", tf ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO; rjfte secretary-General A: FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER} POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION FROM: 1966 A.E. Hesterenkoj Ufcder-Secretary, PSCA. CR. 13 (11-64) COHFIDEHTIAL 2k June 1966 JQ:mm O.A.S. CHARTER AMHDMEKTS OK ECONOMIC AKD SOCIAL STAHMHDS O.A.S. CHARTER AMEKDMEHTS ON ECONOMIC AMD SOCIAL STANDARDS 1. The controversy concerning the proposed terms of a reform of the O.A.S. Charter with respect to "Economic and Social Standards" appears to have ended, at least for the time being, as a result of unanimous agreement which was reached on 18 June 1966 on the adoption of a new text. This agreement was recorded at the final session of the Fourth Special Meeting of the Inter- American Economic and Social Council held in private sessions at the Pan American Union in Washington, beginning 6 June 1966. The results of the Washington Conference and the newly revised draft articles are recorded in the "Final Report of the Fourth Special Meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council held from June 6 to 18, 1966".-' 2. The nature of the reforms which should be incorporated in the new Chapters on "Economic and Social Standards" of the O.A.S. Charter had become the subject of controversy between the nineteen Latin American Republics (Cuba being excluded), and the United States ever since the meeting last March of the Panama Conference. At Panama, the Latin Americans had insisted that substantive changes should be embodied in the economic provisions of the O.A.S. Charter. Altogether 21 draft articles had been suggested for incorporation into the Chapters dealing with "Economic Standards", a proposal which would have resulted in a broad extension of the present O.A.S. Charter which contains only two provisions specifically dealing with the regulation of economic matters, and two with the subject of "Social Standards". J. Draft Article 5 of the reformed O.A.S. Charter, which was submitted at the Conference held in Panama, had provided one of the main grounds for controversy. As proposed by the Latin Americans, this draft article would have provided as follows: "In order that the countries of the OAS may attain balanced and sustained development as soon as possible, Member States accept the obligation, in accordance with their constitutional I/ Document OEA/Scr.H/X.9-CIES/1090, Rev. 21, June 1966. -2- provisions and to the extent their available resources permit, of helping one another and extending assistance, giving special attention to the relatively less-developed countries." 4. On IT March, at Panama,—' the United States had withdrawn its affirmative vote on the Chapter on "Economic Standards" and had objected particularly to the concept of "obligation" which had been determinedly supported by the Latin Americans as the basis for the long-term economic aid pledged in the O.A.S. Charter. 5. At the Washington meeting of the IA-ECOSOC a new wording had been adopted for this Article as a result of a "compromise" agreement, substituting the concept of "inter-American solidarity" for that of "good neighbourliness". The new draft Article k thus refers to co-operation "in the broadest spirit of inter-American solidarity". Latin American diplomatic observers consider, however, that the previously proposed "commitment" which was to have been one of the most substantial amendments to the O.A.S. Charter, has been in fact abandoned for a formula almost as vague as that of the existing Charter. 6. ..The draft "Economic Standards" which became at Panama the main point of disagreement between the Latin American and the United States representatives, included besides the key Article 5> other important Articles which incorporated, the principles unanimously agreed at the Rio Conference, in November 19^5« These Articles, according to the draft submitted at Panama, had referred inter alia to the following proposals: (i) a commitment on tariff reductions by importing countries; (ii) an agreement to grant trade concessions to the less-developed nations without reciprocity; (iii) the elimination of trade preferences that restrict the access of Latin American commodities to world markets; (iv) improvement of basic commodity trade, and better international financial co-operation to offset sharp fluctuations in export earnings; and (v) other ground rules for stimulating Latin American foreign trade and economic development, the close interdependence of which was explicitly recognized in the proposed amendment. 2/ See Note on Latin American Affairs, March 1966. -3- 7. While agreeing in principle to some of these changes suggested at Panama, the US delegation ultimately had expressed opposition to the idea of spelling out all of these points in a rigid treaty commitment such as the O.A.S. Charter. The revised text approved in Washington seems to meet, to a certain extent, these US objections, although many of the main concepts appear to have been retained in the new articles. 8. As a consequence of the agreement reached at Washington, the Latin Americans seem to have dropped their insistence on a specification of the types of future assistance and on drastic trade concessions which the US delegates feared might have affected their Government's subsidies for some of their domestic products. In one of the draft Articles (new Article 13), it is provided that the American Republics "should make individual and united efforts to "bring about reduction or elimination, by importing countries, of tariff and other barriers that affect the exports of the countries of the inter-American system." An exception is made to safeguard developing Latin American countries, by providing that the Article does not apply to tariffs imposed to "diversify the economic structure" or to "speed up the economic development or economic integration of the less-developed member countries." Another exception is also made, to the possible benefit of the United States, which stipulates an exclusion of tariffs "related to national security or the needs for economic balance". 9. Further reforms in the O.A.S. Charter are proposed in the new'draft "Social Standards" approved at the Washington meeting, which represent considerable departures from the two Articles existing in the present Charter. The two new Articles include an introductory paragraph expressing the aspirations of social justice "along with economic development and true peace", and a detailed enunciation of the principles and mechanisms for the implementation of which "every effort" should be made by the American Republics. The principle that "property should perform a social function" was the subject of a United States reservation. 10. During the period between the end of the Panama Conference and the agreement just reached at Washington, considerable efforts were made by US diplomats emphasizing a bilateral rather than a multilateral approach to their negotiations. In effect, a visit to some of the South American capitals vas made last Mfey by Mr. Lincoln Gordon, the US Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, and Mr. David Bronheim, Deputy US Co-ordinator -k- for the Alliance for Progress. Diplomatic commentaries on the negotiations that then took place indicated that the respective positions had become less rigid. At the IA.-ECOSOC meeting it has been disclosed that the representatives of Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and Venezuela had finally shown greater flexibility towards some changes in the wording of the proposed "Economic Standards" so as to bring around United States acquiescence. 11. !The fourteen draft economic articles approved in Washington, together with two articles on "Social Standards" and with other Chapters of the proposed amendments to the O.A.S. Charter, will be considered at the Third Special Inter-American Conference to be held in Buenos Aires, probably on 25 August 1966, and at which the Member States are expected to be represented by their Foreign Ministers. Should this conference attain a certain degree of success, the proposed "Summit Conference" of the Heads of State of the American Eepublics would then be held probably in a South American capital by the end of the year or early in 1967. In this connexion, it should be noted that on 17 June, in Mexico, Foreign Minister Antonio Carillo Flores expressed his scepticism about this meeting, remarking that ".. .it is a grave responsibility to convoke in Buenos Aires a meeting of American Presidents, if there is no certainty that we can offer the peoples of the continent positive solutions and results that justify such meeting." 12. Pending the convening of the Third Special Inter-American Conference, the Latin American Governments will still have the opportunity to express their observations on the proposed amendments to the O.A.S. Charter. It is therefore quite possible that the so-called "compromise wording" of the "Economic Standards", as well as that of the "Social Standards" will be the subject of further consideration. CONFIDENTIAL 28 June 1966 MA.:mm NOTE OH THE SITUATION IN ARGENTINA ITOTE OH THE SITUATION IH ARGEMTIM 1. Today, 28 June 1966, President Arturo U. Illia of Argentina was overthrown "by military leaders. It was reported that the Army was in control and that the President was under arrest. The new military Govern- ment announced that the Commanders of the Army (General Pistarini), Wavy (Admiral Varela) and Air Force (General Alvarez) are temporarily exercising power. The reason given by the military for this coup was that the Government had been "soft to Peronism". The same accusation was made against former President Arturo Frondizi, also ousted by the Army leaders in 1962. 2. Rumours concerning a coup d'etat had circulated in the last weeks. However, on 25 June it was reported from Buenos Aires that the military high command still continued to support the Government. On 26 June the Washington Post wrote that "few Argentines believe" that a coup would take place. It was said that, basically, the military leaders (Golpistas) favouring the coup agreed that President Illia must be removed because the Argentine economy was on the verge of ruin and because the Communists and Peronists were "taking over" the Government. "Peronism" has continued to be a main political force in Argentina since 1955. Although "no one seriously believes these charges"—', the coup advocates kept putting them forward as an excuse for military intervention. 3. It was previously reported that the advocates of the coup desired a strong-handed, military government similar to that in Brazil, that would impose a moratorium on politics for several years and give the country over to "businessmen and technocrats ...". It was envisaged that the armed forces would appoint a new President for a ten year period; the creation of new political parties would be prohibited; private enterprise would be given greater emphasis, and oil would pass totally into private hands. On 9 June the Argentine Communist Party accused, the United States of preparing the coup. k-. As a result of the coup, General Juan Carlos Ongania, former Commander-in-Chief of the Army, who retired last year after a disagreement I/ Washington Post, 26 June 1966. -2- with President Illia, has "been chosen as Provisional President of Argentina by the military Government. General Ongania is known for his pro-American orientation. 5. General Ongania*s reference on 31 August 19&5 *o a "tacit agree- ment" of the Argentina and Brazilian armies to combat actions of the guerrillas in South America, without "limitations of frontiers", caused some alarm in Chile, Uruguay and other Latin American countries. 3Phe agreement would provide for the possibility of accession by any other member of the Organization of American States. In this way, the creation of the controversial permanent Inter-American Force, proposed by the United States and opposed by Chile, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela and Uruguay, might be postponed sine die and replaced by direct military agreement of the interested countries. 6. The political changes in Argentina might have some influence on inter-American affairs and affect the Third Special Inter-American Conference scheduled to take place in Buenos Aires next August. Under the present circumstances, it is possible that the place of the meeting will be reconsidered. Also President Illia1s proposal for a "Summit Conference" of the American Republics might be affected. As is known, Costa Rica, Venezuela and other Latin American countries do not recognize military governments in the hemisphere. According to radio reports, the United States today suspended its diplomatic relations with Argentina. 7. As a whole, the present political crisis in Argentina may be interpreted as an aspect of the endemic political instability in Latin America, and a reflection of the unresolved economic and social problems in the area. ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO, *" The Secretary-General FOR ACTION ROUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER ? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Date: 13 July 1966 M.A. Vellodi, leputy to the Under- CR. 13 (13^64) secretary, PSCA. CONFIDENTIAL MA:piun 12 July 1966 NOTE OW LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS - JUNE 1966 NOTE ON LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS - JUNE 1966 General Comments 1. The US-Latin American differences on the economic and social amendments on the OAS Charter appeared to be temporarily settled at the recent session of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council held in Washington from h to 18 June. The attitude of Latin American governments became more "flexible" and a "compromise" agreement was reached. Latin American countries renounced their initial proposal declaring in effect that the US has an "obligation" to give economic aid to the hemisphere. The adopted amendments contain only general concepts in connexion with the inter-American collaboration, as requested by the US. 2. The elections in the Dominican Republic were held in a "calm and orderly" manner. The OAS decided to withdraw the Inter-American Peace Force from the Dominican Republic. This operation would begin before 1 July and would be completed within ninety days. J. Inter-American relations have also been affected by the events in Argentina where a military coup of 28 June resulted in the establishment of a military government under Provisional President General Ongania. The military coup has placed in doubt the holding of the Third Special Inter-American Conference scheduled to take place in Buenos Aires next August. Under the present circumstances,, the conference might be postponed and its venue reconsidered. At the same time, since the Special Conference was supposed to work out details for a subsequent meeting of American Heads of State, its cancellation or postponement is likely to affect the Summit Conference as well. As a matter of fact, the prevailing opinion is that the Presidential meeting should be held only if it was able to take concrete and positive steps toward hemispheric cooperation - a possibility which is viewed with certain scepticism. k. Recent events in Latin American countries, particularly in Argentina and Brazil, have indicated a bigger role for military leaders and governments in -2- the political life of the hemisphere. The political crisis in Argentina may be interpreted as an aspect of the endemic political instability in Latin America and a reflection of the unresolved economic and social problems in the area. 5. The idea of the Latin American economic integration -was again reiterated in June. It vas announced that on the occasion of the installation of the new President of Colombia, Carlos Lleras Restrepo, a "limited" summit Latin American meeting would take place in Bogota on 7 August. Latin American economic integration would be the main topic of this conference and the participation of the Presidents of Chile, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela has been announced. Situation in the Dominican Republic 6. The main event during the period under review was the elections — held in the country on 1 June 1966. Apart from a few minor incidents, the elections proceeded in a calm and orderly manner. Dr. Joaquin Balaguer, the candidate of the Reformist Party, vas elected President and would take office on 1 July. On 22 June, the Central Electoral Board delivered to Dr. Balaguer certificates confirming his election. Although Mr. Juan Bosch referred to some alleged fraud in the vote, he accepted the results of the elections. Mr. Balaguer seems to be supported by the Dominican Army which will probably play an important role in the political life of the country in the future. T. Since the elections, the situation in the Dominican Republic has been tense and the future still uncertain. The economic situation is difficult and the country depends on the US for aid, which since April 19&5 nas amounted to $130 million, while in 1964 the aid amounted to only $12 million. Referring to the situation in the Dominican Republic and Guatemala, the New York Times of 1 July wrote that both nations face formidable "difficulties". The Dominican Republic, "prostrate from fourteen months of internal strife, economic crises, financial bankruptcy, 30 percent unemployment, and continuing civic strife, has a seemingly impossible task". President Balaguer, however, will have support from "business and financial interests in his own country and from the United States". -' _!/ For details see Note on the Presidential Elections in the Dominican Republic, dated 7 June 1966. 2/ The US delegation to the swearing-in of President-elect Balaguer is headed by Vice-President Humphrey and includes Lincoln A. Gordon, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. -3- 8. The withdrawal of the IAPF has become a central issue. On 5 June the President-elect stated that the Force "would have to remain until the problems of "civilian disarmament and reintegration of the Constitutionalist troops are resolved". It also "depends on the situation in general"; Mr. Balaguer added. On 29 June the Provisional Government issued a decree providing for the reintegration into the Armed Forces of the Constitutionalist troops. 9. In contrast with Mr. Balaguer, US Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Lincoln A. Gordon stressed on 6 June that the IAPF could "begin to withdraw from the Dominican Republic within "a matter of weeks". Any request by Dr. Balaguer for an extended stay "would have to be considered seriously". 10. The US, along with the five Latin American countries which have contributed to the Peace Force, asked the OAS to authorize its Commission in Santo Domingo to begin discussions about withdrawal. The Tenth Meeting of Consultation decided on 24 June: (a) To direct that the IAPF withdraw from the territory of the Dominican Republic; (b) That this withdrawal begin before 1 July 1966, and be completed within ninety days from the date on which it begins; (c) That the Ad Hoc Committee, in agreement with the Dominican Govern- ment, give the IAPF the necessary instructions concerning the dates for and the manner of effecting its withdrawal. 11. The resolution was adopted by a vote of 18 to 0, with Mexico abstaining. Mexico abstained because it had objected to US military intervention in the Dominican Republic in April 1965, and to the OAS creation of the IAPF in May 1965. The Mexican delegate reiterated that only the Dominican people had the right to decide questions affecting the presence of foreigners. Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Uruguay and Venezuela recalled at the Tenth Meeting on 24 June, that they, too, had challenged the legality of the intervention and did not wish their support of the withdrawal resolution to be interpreted as a retroactive endorsement. 3/ Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay. -k- 12. At present there are about 8,000 foreign troops in the Dominican Republic, including 6,500 from the US. In accordance with the provisions of the resolu- tion adopted by the Tenth Meeting, elements of the IAPF began withdrawing from the Dominican Republic on 28 June 1966. Inter-American Relations Latin America-United States relations 15. The. differences between Latin America and the United States on the economic and social amendments to the OAS Charter appeared to be temporarily settled at the meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council —k/ held in Washington from h to 18 June. At the Panama meeting, Latin America demanded .that'the US Government agree to include in a new OAS Charter the "obligation" for member states to give each other economic assistance. The US conceded a "moral" obligation but balked at a treaty obligation with specific commitments. 14. As a result of the visits of Mr. Lincoln Gordon, US Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, and Mr. David Bronheim, Deputy US Coordinator of the Alliance for Progress in Latin America, the Latin American governments adopted a more "flexible" position and dropped their insistence that the US Administration be more specific about the kind and techniques of future assistance and that it give Latin America important trade concessions. 15.. At its final session on 18 June, the Inter-American ECOSOC adopted the text of the new amendments. A key Charter amendment on trade and aid now provides that the member states "agree to cooperate in the broadest spirit of inter-American solidarity" to strengthen their economic structures. The Latin American draft submitted in Panama said member countries had an "obligation" to assist one another. The US agreed to accept a provision in Article 5 calling for flexible conditions in supplying aid and encouraging private sources and international agencies to support regional and national development programs. 16. On trade, the amendments call on member states to reduce and eliminate tariff barriers and other restrictions affecting exports. But earlier proposals that would have directly threatened US domestic subsidies for agricultural products were dropped. Another amendment provides that member states will For details see Note on the fourth session of IA-ECOSOC of 2k June, 19665 titled "OAS Charter Amendments on Economic and Social Standards". -5- orient their efforts and take the necessary measures to accelerate the (economic) integration process, with a view to establishing the Latin American common market in the shortest possible time. The Latin American states endorsed US formulas concerning a series of self-help measures covering policies against inflation, tax systems, agrarian reform and education. 17. Observers believe that at the Washington meeting the Latin American delegations simply realized that they had little choice but to give way before the US position. The Foreign Minister of Colombia suggested that the US give as much priority to a "vast and sustained" economic aid to Latin America as it does to its involvement in Vietnam. The US leaders "must realize the enormous importance of Latin America as a peaceful and democratic neighbour", it was added. 18. The amendments adopted at the Washington meeting will be discussed by the OAS Council and afterwards discussed again at the Third Special Inter- American Conference scheduled to take place in Buenos Aires on 29 August. Then, if adopted, the amendments will be referred to the member states for ratification according to their constitutional procedures. 19. The political changes in Argentina might have some influence on inter- American affairs and affect the Third Special Conference. Under the present circumstances the meeting might be postponed and its place reconsidered. The military coup in Argentina has indeed placed in doubt the holding of the Special Conference in Buenos Aires. As is known, Costa Rica, Venezuela and other Latin American countries do not recognize military government in the hemisphere. At present Venezuela has committed itself to withholding recognition of the new Argentine Government, thus ruling itself out from participation in any meeting held in Buenos Aires. Furthermore, some countries that recognize new regimes automatically may consider that a hemisphere meeting in Buenos Aires soon after the coup would be adding approval to the act of recognition. 20. On 28 June the US suspended diplomatic relations with Argentina and has now begun to consult other nations in the Western Hemisphere about the question of resuming relations with Argentina's new military government. 21. The consultations are expected to take three or four weeks. Although the ultimate US policy toward the new Argentine President, General Ongani-a, is still undetermined, it was reported that no quick move would be made to reverse Washington's initial coolness towards the coup d'etat. US officials hold that -6- a delay'in recognition could be a factor in inducing the generals to make at least a gesture towards moderating the arbitrary nature of their regime. A manifesto of the Argentine military leaders of 28 June made no mention of any intention to hold elections or return the government to civilian hands. Military leaders considered that "there are no civilians fit to govern Argentina at this time". 22. Since the Third Special Inter-American Conference was supposed to work out details for a subsequent meeting of American heads of state, its cancellation or postponement would also affect the "summit" meeting of American Presidents. The conference was proposed by Dr. Illia, the overthrown Argentine President. It was earlier reported that the meeting might be convened later in the year, perhaps at the end of November or the beginning of December, either in Lima, Peru,or in Santiago, Chile. According to reports, current OAS discussion would favour Santiago as the place of the conference. Nevertheless, the prevailing point of view was that the Presidential meeting should be held only if it would have positive results, a fact that in the present conditions is doubted. In this context, the Foreign Minister of Mexico declared on 17 June that it was a grave responsibility to convene in Buenos Aires a meeting of American Presidents if "there is no certainty that we can offer the peoples of the continent positive solutions that justify such meeting". Relations between Cuba and the US and Nicaragua 23. During the Nicaraguan President's visit to the United States there was renewed strain in Cuban-US relations. At a press conference at the United Nations, the President of Nicaragua stated on 8 June that he would allow Ms- country's territory to be used again as a base for an invasion of Cuba "at any time, in any circumstances". This declaration was regarded as a confirmation of the role of Nicaragua in the abortive 1961 invasion of Cuba. 24. Cuba protested to the UN on 11 June about the statement of the President of Nicaragua. The Cuban letter asserted that "this shameless offer by the President of Nicaragua confirms once again that the sole and true executor of the policy of subversion, aggression and intervention in this part of the world, and at the same time the center of the international conspiracy against Cuba, is the imperialist government of the United States and that the agents of that policy are its puppet governments in Latin America". -7- 25. The Soviet Mission to the UN, in a letter of 2U June sent to the Secretary-General, condemned the "aggressive" declaration of the President of Nicaragua against Cuba and asserted that behind Nicaragua there were other forces alien to peace. "It is these same forces that are waging a shameful war against the people of Viet-Nam, are responsible for armed intervention in the Dominican Republic and interfere in the domestic affairs of sovereign States, attempting by all possible means to disrupt the free, independent life of nations." The letter from the Foreign Minister of Cuba, dated 11 June, the Soviet declaration continued, contained "a just appraisal of the provocative statements by the President of Nicaragua and quite rightly points to the dangers to peace inherent in such a policy of provocation and threats." Panama Canal 26. Several incidents took place in Panama during the month of June. The Foreign Minister of Panama accused on 13 June the "international Communist movement" of provoking disorders and terrorism in Panama to stop agreement with the US on new arrangements for the Panama Canal Zone. He said that the new -agreements would allow Panama to take advantage of its geographical position and the location of the canal, which is its principal resource, to finance Panama development, diversify its economy and "divorce ourselves from our present dependence on the canal". 27- It was reported that in the current negotiations with the US, the Government of Panama would call for joint administration of the canal under full Panamanian sovereignty. Both governments are also understood to recognize the need for "defense" arrangements using US troops, under a new status-of-forces agreement, to guarantee the canal's "neutrality" and "security". A third agreement is expected to be a provisional one concerning a new, sea-level canal to be built in Panama. A definitive agreement would depend on studies on the best location for the canal, on construction methods, such as the use of nuclear or conventional power, and the time when it should be built. The Panamanian Foreign Minister indicated that he did not expect the talks to conclude before the end of this year or the beginning of 1967. -8- Admission of Guyana to the United Nations 28. Guyana, which attained its independence on 26 May, applied for UN membership on k June. On 25 June the Security Council voted unanimously to recommend to the General Assembly the admission of Guyana. The Council acted "by adopting a draft resolution submitted jointly by Argentina, New Zealand, Nigeria, Uganda, the UK and Uruguay. 29. On this occasion, the representative of Venezuela stated that neither its support of Guyana's admission to membership, nor the admission itself, when that took place, wquld imply a "renunciation or diminution of the rights of Venezuelan sovereignty over the territory situated on the left bank of the Esquibo river". He then referred to the agreement signed in Geneva last February establishing procedures to be followed by the parties for a peaceful solution of the controversy. The representative of Netherlands, in his statement, mentioned the unsettled problem of the border between Guyana and Surinam. The representative of the UK declared that the Mixed Commission established under the Geneva Agreement was the proper forum for discussion of the border controversy between Guyana and Venezuela. As for the border between Guyana and Surinam, talks were to take place in London on 23 June for a solution to that problem. British Honduras (Belize) JO. In connexion with the border dispute between British Honduras and Guatemala, Mr. Philip Goldson, the leader of National Independence Party of British Honduras stated on 19 June that Britain had drawn up a secret treaty with Guatemala, giving the latter control of defence and^oreign policy in British Honduras after the colony becomes independent in 1968. ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Date: FROM: 9 August 1966 DE: M.A. Veil Deputy t£/the Under- CR. 13 (11-64) Secreta#L/PSCA. bfl-'/ CONFIDENTIAL 8 August 1966 MA:ms NOTE ON LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS JULY 1966 NOTE OH LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS JULY 1966 I. General Comments 1. The previous trends in the renovations of the Inter-American system have continued and the revision of the Charter of the Organization of American States remains under consideration. As a result of the political changes in Argentina, the holding of the Third Special Inter-American Conference In Buenos Aires, which has to discuss the final amendments to the Charter of the OAS, as well as the summit conference of the American Presidents, is in doubt, 2. Latin American integration made no significant progress in July, although some Latin American leaders reaffirmed the necessity of a Common Market in the area. A "limited" summit conference of some Latin American countries will take place in Bogota on 14 August, with the participation of the Presidents of Chile, Colombia, Panama and Venezuela, Latin American integration will be the principal problem of this meeting, to be held shortly after the inauguration of Carlos Lleras Restrepo, President of Colombia, In connexion with this meeting, the Governments of Chile and Peru have declared that they do not favour the emergence of "regional blocs" within the Western Hemisphere, 3. In the Dominican Republic and Guatemala, constitutional governments were inaugurated at the beginning of the month. The restoration of constitutional rule In the Dominican Republic and Guatemala was offset by the military coup in Argentina, where an authoritarian regime was inaugurated. The events In Argentina and Brazil have indicated a bigger role for military leaders and military govern- ments in the political life of the hemisphere, Argentina thus is joining Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay which already had governments headed by the military. Only Chile and Uruguay at the southern end of the hemisphere maintain civilian govern- ments, k. As is known, the present military governments of Argentina and Brazil favour the establishment - on a bilateral basis - of a common Argentine-Brazilian military force. Thus, an Inter-American armed force might still be established, therefore avoiding the opposition of some Latin American countries which had refused to agree on the issue within the OAS, - 2 - IX, Situation in the Doiainican Republic 5» On 1 July, Dr. Joaquin Balaguer, the new President of the Dominican Republic, was inaugurated in Santo Domingo. In his inaugural speech, the Dominican President favoured a reconciliation in the political life of the Republic and a broad-based administration. He announced plans to introduce economic reforms based upon a programme of austerity, to bring "health back" to the economy. Dr. Balaguer said the austerity measures were "urgent and indispensable to prevent catastrophe". 6. The President also stated that there would be no changes in the foreign policy. The Dominican Republic Government will not resume relations with Cuba. Former Provisional President Hector Garcia Godoy was appointed as Ambassador to Washington; 7. United States concern with developments in the Dominican Republic was indicated by the composition of the American delegation, headed by Vice President Humphrey, at the Dominican inauguration ceremonies. Mr. Humphrey pledged U.S. co-operation to "advance the social and economic well-being of the Dominican people". 8. It was said that a residue of Trujillism remains strong, and that expecta- tions of the Dominican people were still far from realization. "The adamant of right-wing militarism is still on the scene". - 9. On the other hand, the economic situation of the Dominican Republic is extremely difficult, and the country depends on U.S. aid ($150 million in the last Ik months). President Balaguer announced on 15 July that the Dominican Republic would receive a new loan of $40 million under the Alliance for Progress programme for agricultural development, education and health. However, U.S. economic aid alone cannot solve the present economic crisis of the Dominican Republic and thus, the future appears not to be bright. There have been certain further withdrawals of elements of the Inter-American Peace Force, in accordance with a resolution adopted by the Tenth Meeting on 2k June 1966. It remains to be seen whether total withdrawal will be effected within the time-limit of 90 days. I/ Christian Science Monitor, 5 July 1966. However, it was later reported that President Balaguer had resisted pressures from some military leaders to agree to the return to the country of General Wessin y Wessin and former Defense Minister Rivera Caminero. - 5 - III. Inter-American Relations A. The^Third Special Inter-American Conference 10. The military coup in Argentina of 28 June affected Inter-American relations. The United States and Latin American countries expressed concern regarding the developments in Argentina, particularly the repressive measures taken by the Argentine military government against students and workers at the end of July. As a result of the political changes in Argentina, the holding of the Third Special Inter-American Conference in Buenos Aires on 29 August has become doubtful, and it seems that the Conference may be postponed. -2/' In a tactical manoeuvre, the new Argentine Government itself proposed at the end of July the postponement of the Conference, without change of its site. The Argentine Government claimed that the holding of an international conference does not imply the recognition of the country in which the meeting takes place. The majority of Latin American countries appeared, after the military coup in Argentina, to be against the holding of the OAS conference in Buenos Aires. 11. Later in July, most Latin American countries recognized the new Argentine regime. On 29 July, only Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador and Venezuela had not recognized it. Venezuela has indicated that it will not recognise the new Government in accordance with the Betancourt doctrine, under which Venezuela will not recognize governments that have come to power through unconstitutional means. For the same reason, Venezuela did not participate at the Second Special Inter-American Conference in Rio de Janeiro in November 1965. Consequently, the Venezuelan Government stated that it would not attend any meeting in Buenos Aires and recommended moving the meeting to a different place. This has been opposed by Argentina and Brazil. 12. Since the Third Special Conference is supposed to deal with the amendments to the OAS Charter, the absence of Venezuela, Costa Rica and other countries would be significant. However, Brazil has supported the holding of the meeting in Buenos Aires, and the Mexican Foreign Minister stated on 25 July that no other capital had been officially proposed. 2/ On J August, the Preparatory Commission decided to postpone indefinitely the meeting of the Hemisphere's foreign ministers. It has been suggested that the Special Conference might be merged with the summit meeting, for which no site has yet been fixed. This would avoid a direct affront to Argentina as well as a boycott by Venezuela. - k - B. The Summit Conference of American Heads of State 13. The proposal for a conference of the Presidents of American States made no progress in July. The United States President declared on SO July that "we do not have a date or place". According to Mr. Johnson, the governments of the countries in the hemisphere were considering the subjects for the conference. Although no official agenda was established, it appears, however, that the Alliance for Progress goals would be the main topic* Behind this search for "topics" is an awareness in Washington and Latin American capitals that the "dramatic" promise implicit in a hemisphere leaders' conference will certainly turn into a failure unless significant results are produced. It is for this reason that Mexico has expressed reservations about the summit meeting. 14. Other countries, notably Chile, are more favourably disposed to a high-level conference, but stress the need for an agenda. The date, place and, perhaps, an agenda are expected to be worked out by the Third Special Inter-American Conference. 15. Chile officially proposed Vina del Mar as the place for the meeting of the American Heads of State. It was reported that the U.S. Government regards with favour this suggestion and that the conference might take place in March or April 1967, C. Bogota Meeting 16. In connexion with the Bogota meeting, personal representatives of the Presidents of Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela met in Bogota on 21 July to examine matters of continental co-operation, particularly ones dealing with LAPTA develop- ment and the proposed hemisphere conference of Chief Executives. The preparatory group has defined in principle the basic theme of promoting joint action by Latin American countries to obtain a change in the trade policy pursued by industrialized countries to the detriment of regional economic development. The group has also suggested for discussion the acceleration of Latin American integration and the strengthening of LAFTA. 17. The Bogota meeting was interpreted by Brazil as an attempt to form a new bloc of Latin American countries to counteract the influence in the area of the military governments of Brazil and Argentina. The participants at the Bogota meeting denied this interpretation. Colombian President-elect C. Lleras-Restrepo, asserted on 25 July that this interpretation was erroneous, "The Presidents of Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela and I ... believe in the idea that political axes should not be formed on the continent to act or to react to unspecified pressures or for unspecified purposes". - 5 - According to the Colombian President-elect, the participants at the Bogota meeting were merely exploring items of common interest; all this was "very different from forming a political axes". D. Commonwealth Caribbean-Canada Conference 18. A Commonwealth Caribbean-Canada conference took place in Ottawa at the beginning of July. One of the items discussed at the conference was the question of joining the OAS. The meeting, however, postponed indefinitely, on 8 July, a decision on this issue. The subject came up during discussions of ways for the 13 emerging small West Indian countries affiliated with the Commonwealth to develop relationships with their neighbours of the Western Hemisphere. On this occasion, Mr. Burnham, Prime Minister of newly independent Guyana, declared that the con- ference had brought into being "a new community among an old community. This is the birth of a Western Hemisphere Commonwealth bloc". According to reports the new bloc could become an influential voice in the United Nations and other world agencies, 19. The United States has long urged Canada to consider joining the OAS, partly to offset the impression that the Organization is simply a tool of the U.S. foreign policy, and partly to have a second wealthy North American power to share some of the regional burdens. However, Canada has hesitated and adopted a cautious position. IV, U.S.-Latin America Relations 20. The U.S. Government, which had suspended its relations with Argentina after the military coup of 28 June, formally recognized the regime on 15 July, It was said that the U.S, had generally followed a policy of encouraging "democratic", constitutional development in Latin America. A U.S. State Department spokesman stated that at the time some U5 nations had given diplomatic recognition to the new Argentine Government, including 9 of the 20 OAS members, namely, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. 21. The delay in the recognition of the Argentine Government by the U.S. seemed to surprise the Argentine military junta. "We thought the Pentagon favoured a grand anti-Communist alliance between the military governments of Brazil and Argentina" a Government House aid reportedly declared. Since the beginning, General Ongania, Provisional President of Argentina appointed by the military junta, appeared to be very much concerned about the refinancing of some $600 million of Argentina's overall foreign debt of $2.1 billion before the end of the year. - 6- 22. U.S. State Department officials reportedly "believed that a delay in recognition could be a factor in inducing the Argentine generals to modify the nature of their regime. The State Department's action vas criticized by U.S. Senator Robert Kennedy as premature. Also Senator J» Javits announced on 17 July that he would press for action on an amendment to the foreign aid bill prohibiting Alliance for Progress aid to Latin American countries in which constitutional governments are suppressed by military coups. State Department officials reportedly noted that, with the exception of a brief period during the Kennedy Administration, when diplomatic recognition and economic aid were withheld from unconstitutional regimes until they pledged elections, the practice has been to limit the criteria for recognition to a government's ability to exercise effective control of the country and to fulfil its international obligations. 2J. Another fact of some significance in U.S.-Latin America relations was the approval by the U.S. Senate of a two-year Latin aid. On 25 July, the U.S. Senate overrode its Foreign Relations Committee and voted a two-year authorization for the Alliance for Progress with Latin American countries. The Committee had recommended that the Alliance and the $5kJ> million of loans and grants earmarked for its activities be limited to the current fiscal year along with all other economic categories. The U.S. Senate action may be interpreted as a recognition of the importance of Latin America for the U.S. foreign policy. Nevertheless, in Latin American countries, particularly in Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Peru and Venezuela, criticism has continued to be expressed on the U.S. economic policy in the hemisphere. U.S.-Cuba relations 2k. There has been no substantial change in the relations between the U.S. and Cuba. On 5 July, Premier Fidel Castro stated that there could be no reconciliation with the U.S. until there was "a complete change of system there". On 26 July, the Cuban Government denounced the U.S. policy in Vietnam and said Cuba was ready to send military units to Worth Vietnam if the DBV asked for help. 25. The U.S. attitude towards Cuba reportedly affected U.S. relations with Canada. It was affirmed that the Canadian Government was under strong pressure to discipline the subsidiaries of U.S. business firms in Canada if they do not behave like "good corporate citizens" of Canada. A new argument in this controversy arose recently when the Canadian Parliament learned that three large Canadian flour mills owned - 7 - "by U.S. corporations were refusing to sell their products in Cuba, As it is known, Canada trades on a minor scale with Cuba and on a larger scale with the U.S.S.R. and the PEC. 26. The subsidiaries of American firms insisted that their selling policies had not been dictated by their American parents or by American law. For strictly business reasons, they said, Cuban markets were not desired, Xn this connexion, the Canadian Minister of Trade and Commerce stated that his Government would not accept any doctrine of American "extraterritoriality" and had pressed its objections "very vigorously in Washington". Cuba - Chile 27. Cuban-Chilean relationships were further strained when Premier Fidel Castro declared in Havana, on 26 July, that Cuba would resent the granting of economic aid to Chile by any Socialist country. This was considered as a tangential criticism of current trends for the granting of considerable economic and technical aid to Chile by the U.S.S.R. Government. Cuba-Spain 28. An improvement in Cuban-Spanish relations may be noted. A Spanish diplomatic official, Mr. Pedro Salvador de Vicente, Director for Central and South America at the Foreign Office, conferred with Premier Fidel Castro and President Porticos in July, in the first high-level contact between the two governments in the last years. Spain and Cuba have maintained diplomatic, trade and air links. It was reported that in the conversation with the Spanish diplomat, Cuban Premier confined himself to Spanish-Cuban matters. Other problems 29. New developments took place in the territorial dispute between British Honduras (Belize) and Guatemala. The dispute is currently mediated by a U.S. mediator. The Premier of British Honduras was denounced during this month by the opposition as a "traitor" ready to "sell out" to Guatemala. The National Independence Party of British Honduras stated in June that Britain had drawn up a secret treaty with Guatemala, giving the latter contro^ of defence and foreign policy in British Honduras after the colony becomes independent in 1968. Barbados 30. The United Kingdom announced on 1 July that Barbados will become independent on 50 November this year. Barbados will probably apply for UN membership at the next session of the General Assembly. - 8 - Latin America's relations with other countries 51. No spectacular event took place in the relations of Latin America with other countries. The visit of the President of Israel to some Latin American states appeared to "be a most relevant fact. A trend in favour of the increase of Latin American trade (especially in Argentina, Brazil and Chile) with the Socialist countries may be also noted. CR. 13(4-59) , ROUTING SLIP Comments for the record should not be written on this slip. REFERRAL SHEET PT.108 should be used instead. TO: The Secretary-General APPROVAL X YOUR INFORMATION MAY WE CONFER? AS REQUESTED YOUR SIGNATURE FOR ACTION NOTE AND FILE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE NOTE AND RETURN PREPARE DRAFT YOUR COMMENTS ATTACH RELATED PAPERS DATE: FROM: 23 Aug. 1966 M.A. Deputy to the P.S.C.A. NOTE FOR THE SECEEZARI-GEHERAL NOTE OF THE BOGOTA MEETING 23 August 1966 NOTE OH THE BOGOTA MEETING 1. A meeting of the Presidents of Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and of the personal representatives of the Presidents of Ecuador and Peru took place in Bogota from I.k to 17 August 1966. The purpose of the conference •was to examine matters of continental co-operation dealing particularly with LAFTA development, economic questions and the proposed meeting of American Presidents. 2. The agenda, drafted by a preparatory group at the end of July, included the following items: (i) Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA); (ii) continental economic integration; (iii) prices of exportable raw materials; (iv) revitalisation of the Alliance for Progress; (v) mechanisms to preserve representative democracy in America. 3. At the last meeting on 17 August, the "Declaration of Bogota" was adopted, by which the representatives of the five South American States urged a peaceful settlement of the conflict in Vietnam which, they stated, constitutes a threat to world peace. The participants reaffirmed their faith in the United Nations as the forum for resolving international disputes. k. The South American leaders expressed devotion to representative democracy, but they avoided any direct reference to the military regimes in Argentina and Brazil. The Bogota meeting had been interpreted by Brazil as an attempt to form a new bloc of Latin American countries to counteract the influence in the area of the military governments of Argentina and of Brazil. The participants at the Bogota conference denied this interpretation. The President of Colombia, recently asserted that "... the Presidents of Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela and I believe in the idea that political axes should not be formed on the continent to act or to react to unspecified pressures or for unspecified purposes". According to Le Mondey emphasis on the non-intervention principle was a characteristic I/ 17 August 1966. feature of the Bogota discussions, although the political results of the meeting do not appear to be of great importance. 5. Since without the participation of Argentina, and Brazil no effective steps could be taken with regard to LAFTA development and Latin American economic integration, the participants at the Bogota meeting adopted a cautious attitude towards these two countries. With the exception of Venezuela, the other States attending the meeting have recognized the military governments of Brazil and Argentina. The conference also avoided adopting any statement critical of US policy in the Hemisphere. 6. The main emphasis of the Declaration was, however, on economic problems, particularly Latin American integration and the Alliance for Progress. In the opinion of Latin American experts, the Declaration of Bogota lays the groundwork for major moves to tear down barriers between Latin American nations. The Declaration is seen as a reply to President Johnson's message of 17 August 1966, on the fifth anniversary of the Alliance, The President addressed an audience of Latin American diplomats and Alliance officials at the new headquarters of the Pan-American Health Organization, one of the agencies working under the Alliance, and he called on the Latin American countries to draw close together economically , 2/ Incidentally, in Bogota some "unhappiness" was reported—' over the President's lack of reference to the Bogota meeting. 7. According to the Declaration it was agreed to search for mutual utilization of their industrial resources. It also mapped out ways to include those nations of-the Hemisphere not represented at the meeting. The ideas in the document are viewed as similar to those advanced by the President of Chile. 8. Among its cardinal points, the Declaration of Bogota outlines steps to reinforce the structure of LAFTA as the first move towards eventual direct contact with the Central American Common Market. The five signatory nations, all members of LAFTA, foresee economic integration through the creation of a latin American Common Market. The document recommends that the Inter-American Development Bank (lADB) issue bonds for agrarian reform in order to enable rural workers to pay for expropriated land. It urges early completion of the Pan-American highway, and recommends steps for the economic integration of neighbouring regions, but on a 2/ Christian Science Monitor, 19 August 1966 -3- bilateral basis, "before starting any multinational movement in this direction. 9. The Alliance for Progress, it is stressed in the "Bogota Dec la-rat ion", was a positive effort towards "dynamic co-operation", but it must be amplified and "vitalized in its structures and mechanisms". The Declaration also called for a substantial increase in the level of foreign financing, to which the United States has been contributing a billion dollars a year. 10. On the other hand, the Declaration supports a meeting of American Presidents in the near future. It proposes that the principal topic on the agenda of this summit conference should be US support for the formation of a Latin American Common Market. The statement of President Johnson on 17 August 1966 on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the Alliance for Progress, indicating US support for Latin American economic integration, was interpreted as setting the stage for the summit conference. 11. Observers have considered the Bogota meeting as a "culmination" of Latin American efforts towards integration, one result of which may be a step forward to the economic integration of the area. It may also be the "prologue" to the meeting of American Presidents. CR.13 (4-59) ROUTING SLIP Comments for-the record should not be written on this slip. REFERRAL SHEET PT.108 should be used instead. TO: me isecrexary-ueneraj. APPROVAL X YOUR INFORMATION MAY WE CONFER? AS REQUESTED YOUR SIGNATURE FOR ACTION NOTE AND FILE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE NOTE AND RETURN PREPARE DRAFT YOUR COMMENTS ATTACH RELATED PAPERS DATE: FROM: 8 Sept 1966 M.A. Vellodi, Deputy to the Under-Sec'y P.S.C.A. -It, CONFIDENTIAL 7 September 1966 MA:pmm NOTE OW LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS - AUGUST 1966 NOTE ON LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS - AUGUST 1966 I. General Comments 1. The Conference of Bogota, which took place from Ik to 17 August, was a most significant event. Although the "Declaratation of Bogota" emphasized economic problems, particularly Latin American integration, the meeting also urged a peaceful settlement of the conflict in Vietnam and reaffirmed the faith of the participating countries in the United Nations as the place for resolving international disputes. 2, In connexion with the Conference of Bogota, a sharpening of the division in Latin America between the military and the constitutional regimes was reported. On the one hand, there are the military governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay; on the other, the civilian governments of Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. The main cause of the division, however, seems to "be the fact that the five nations represented at Bogota are opposed to the United States proposal for creating a permanent inter-American peace force, while Argentina and Brazil are in favour of it. 5. The participants at the Bogota meeting rejected a Brazilian interpretation that the Conference was an attempt to form a new bloc of Latin American countries to counteract the influence in the area of the military governments of Argentina and Brazil. k. The revision of the Charter of the Organization of American States and the strengthening of the Inter-American system continues under consideration. The third Special Inter-American Conference, scheduled to be held in Buenos Aires on 29 August, when the final amendments to the OAS Charter were to be discussed, was postponed as a result of the political changes in Argentina. On the other hand, there are suggestions for holding the summit conference of the American Presidents in December 1966 or at the beginning of 1967. 5. On the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the Alliance for Progress, emphasis was made on Latin American integration. The President of the United States supported the idea of the establishment of a Common Market of Latin America and suggested that the proposed summit conference of the chief executives discuss the issue. -2- 6. There was no substantial improvement in the political stability of the area: in the Dominican Republic the situation remained tense; in Uruguay, a political crisis developed, and the Chief Executive took leave because plans to revert from the collegiate system to the one-man presidential system were at the time blocked; serious internal troubles were reported especially in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala. 7. The Secretary-General of the United Nations dedicated the new UN building in Santiago de Chile on 29 August, and on this occasion he paid official visits to Chile and Mexico. II. Inter-American Relations A, The Bogota Meeting -' 8. A meeting of the Presidents of Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and the personal representatives of the Presidents of Ecuador and Peru took place in Bogota from 14-17 August 1966. The purpose of the conference was to examine matters of continental cooperation, dealing particularly with LAFTA development, economic questions, and the proposed meeting of American Presidents. At the last meeting on 17 August, the "Declaration of Bogota" —2. 1 was adopted, by which the representatives of the five South American States urged a peaceful settlement of the conflict in Vietnam which, they stated, constitutes a threat to world peace. The participants reaffirmed their belief in the United Nations as the forum for resolving international disputes. 9. The South American leaders reaffirmed their adherence to the principle of non-intervention and expressed devotion to "representative democracy". The participants rejected the Brazilian interpretation that the Bogota meeting was an attempt to form a new bloc of Latin American countries to counteract the influence in the area of the military regimes of Argentina and Brazil. 10. The main emphasis of the Declaration was, however, on economic questions and first of all, on Latin American integration and the Alliance for Progress. The five South American countries agreed that only "through the integration of Latin American nations into a great economic community" could objectives like education at all levels, agrarian reform, low-cost housing, and "the improved distribution of the national product" be achieved. The participants, all members of LAFTA, envisaged economic integration through the creation of a I/ For details, see Note on the Bogota Meeting of 23 August 1966. 2/ See annex: "Declaration of Bogota". -3- Latin American Common Market. The Declaration of Bogota outlined steps to reinforce the structure of LAFTA as the first move towards eventual direct contact with the Central American Common Market. 11. The participants expressed great concern over the lack of significant progress in eliminating discriminatory and preferential systems of trade harmful to Latin America. They also complained about the progressive deterioration of the terms of trade between Latin America and industrialized countries, including the United States. -' B. Postponement of the Third Special Inter-American Conference 15. As a result of the political changes in Argentina, the OAS postponed indefinitely on 5 August the third Special Inter-American Conference that had been scheduled to take place in Buenos Aires on 29 August. Ih. Mexico made the motion to postpone the meeting and it was approved by the OAS Council by a 16 to 0 vote, with four abstentions. The US voted for the postponement. The Mexican representative argued that if the meeting were held it would be boycotted by some nations - such as Costa Rica and Venezuela, which do not recognize the military government of Argentina - and this could cause a deep cleavage in the OAS. Since the Special Conference was to approve changes in the OAS Charter, participation of all OAS members was regarded as important. The OAS Council is to fix within 60 days a new date for the meeting of foreign ministers, 15. The postponement of the third Special Inter-American Conference reflects the current strain in inter-American relations. The Argentine military coup has raised again the problem of military intervention in the political life of the hemisphere. Although Latin American nations have repeatedly affirmed their devotion to "representative democracy", in the presence of a military coup there are, however, different reactions from Latin American governments. While Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay - all countries ruled by military governments - immediately gave diplomatic recognition to the new Argentine military regime, another group of countries - Chile, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay among them - normalized relations On 1 September, President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz of Mexico remarked that the United States was not completely meeting the social and economic aspirations of Latin America and, in particular, referred to the growing gap between rich and poor countries, and to the terms of trade between them. -k- with Argentina quietly after a prudent period. However, Costa Rica and Venezuela "broke diplomatic relations with Argentina and have not recognized the Government of General Ongania. Observers believe that a considerable "mending" process would be needed to produce the sort of harmony and agreement i necessary for a special meeting of foreign ministers. 16. According to Le Monde of 25 August, the conference may be held in Mexico. At the same time it was reported that a Mexican proposal of "internationalization" of the site of the third Special Conference was studied with interest by Ecuador • and Venezuela. It was said that the US, Colombia and Peru support this idea and that Argentina would have no ob-jection to it if the meeting were to be held in Buenos Aires. However, at the end of the month, reports indicated that the Special Conference might be held in ¥ashington next October. C. The proposed Summit Conference 17. Discussions on a meeting of American Presidents continued and there appeared to be some agreement among Latin American governments that such a W meeting would be held.— It was considered that the Declaration of Bogota and the message of the President of the US on the fifth anniversary of the Alliance for Progress on 17 August have paved the way towards a Hemisphere Summit. 18. The President of the United States affirmed interest in holding a meeting which, according to the US Government, might take place in December 1966. The precise date and the site f or • the conference would be the subject of further consultations. 19. Four countries - Chile, Costa Rica, Peru and Uruguay - have made proposals for the site of the conference. It has also been suggested that the foreign ministers meeting might be merged with the summit conference of the American Presidents, since such an arrangement would avoid a direct affront to Argentina as well as a boycott by Venezuela. The US Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs acknowledged such a possibility on 21 August, but in his opinion, the Special Conference would be held later, after the presidential meeting. 20. There are several subjects proposed for discussion among the hemisphere Presidents. The main proposals at Bogota, calling for US support, involve steps in economic integration leading towards a Latin American Common Market, amplification of aid for agrarian reform, trade preferences and education. On kf The Foreign Minister of Chile stated on 8 August that his country would participate in the hemisphere meeting as long as the topics to be discussed were approved by all and were mutually beneficial. -5- the other hand, in his address celebrating the fifth anniversary of the Alliance, President Johnson listed several matters of "special concern" and suggested that these matters be given priority attention at the proposed conference of American Presidents. First among these would be the economic integration of Latin America. D. Alliance for Progress and Latin American Integration 21. The United States President applauded on 17 August the accomplishment of the Alliance for Progress and charted an agenda for its future, including the economic integration of Latin America. The main question facing the Alliance at present, stated Mr. Johnson, is whether Latin America wants to face the future in "unity or isolation". "Ve believe that effective unity - and not separation - is vital", added the President. In his words, the US Government is ready "to work in close cooperation toward an integrated Latin America". 22. The US President's endorsement of a Common Market for Latin America came after the Presidents of Chile, Colombia and Venezuela decided in Bogota to support and accelerate economic integration. Latin American diplomats acknowledge that a Latin American Common Market cannot survive without new capital and other resources from the United States. 23. The US President acknowledged that the Alliance had only begun to meet present needs. He said that by the year 2000, the population of the hemisphere would reach a billion with nearly two-thirds of it in Latin America. This growth would require a 6 per cent annual increase in per capita growth. 2k. It was reported — that there is a feeling of disappointment abroad about the rate of development in Latin America. What was not apparent in Mr. Johnson's address, it was alleged, was any recognition that the President of Chile had launched in January 19^5 an appeal for Latin American integration which "the US was now advocating" and that the Bogota meeting had discussed - at the same moment that the US President was speaking - the same subject of Latin American integration. 25. As a whole, it was asserted that the original concept of the Alliance proved to be "over optimistic" and "over ambitious".— The initial term of ten years will have to be extended to 20 or more. The reluctance of the ruling %./ Christian Science Monitor, 20 August 1966. 6/ New York Times. 18 August 1966. -6- classes in most of the Latin American countries to make the "necessary sacrifices" in the privileges and wealth is seen as a continuing handicap. So, too, is the rate of population growth (over 3 per cent), - the highest in the world. The gross national product of the area is increasing at an average of I.h per cent, which is less than half of the population growth. 26. The strain of the war in Vietnam on US finances moreover has had some negative effect on aid and credits to Latin America. This is considered as another reason why the Bogota meeting has urged a peaceful settlement in Vietnam. 2J. The integration of Latin America is a difficult and remote objective and the obstacles that persist in achieving it should not be underestimated. 7-/ First of all, there are questions related to national sovereighty. LAFTA - seen in Bogota as one of the main vehicles for further integration - has a far more loosely knit central direction than has the European Common Market. Thus the moves towards integration in Latin America seem to be more piecemeal even than those in Europe. Among the skeptics on Latin American integration is President Belaunde of Peru. "A Common Market, yes, but, first we must integrate our national economies" he recently stated. According to the President of Peru, there are "vast new lands where farmers do not even ha~ve a road to get their produce to highways, and there are even provincial capitals which can only be reached by a mule path". Also, the present government of Argentina appears to have adopted a. cautious position towards integration and recently the influential paper La Prensa criticized the proposed integration. III. Situation in the Dominican Republic 28. The situation in the Dominican Republic continued to remain tense. It was reported that President Balaguer had resisted pressures from some military leaders to agree to the return to the country of General Wessin y Wessin and former Armed Forces Minister Rivera Caminero. 29. The national police chief was dismissed on 2 August because he had withdrawn a police detail guarding one of the plotters in the assassination of Trujillo in 1961. The Dominican President stated on that occasion that, given the "essentially political character" of the removal, the national police chief "should have previously consulted with the highest authority of the government". Mr. Balaguer discounted rumours of rightist plots against his government, but According to an editorial in the publication "Comercio Exterior de Mexico", of July 1966, the achievement of fundamental changes and standards in inter- national economic relations should be considered in the light of the community of interests that exists between the countries of Latin America and those of Africa and Asia. However, a tendency is noted, according to the editorial, to disagree with the prevailing doctrines of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. -7- suggested that General Bfrbert - who was the head of the "National Reconstruction Government" during last year's conflict - should stop visiting military establishments. The President declared that while stories of plots "lack veracity", the visits of General Imbert had "multiplied in the past few days", and added that the fact that "these visits have lasted in many cases, many hours" had mainly given encouragement to the street commentaries on an anti-government plot. It was obvious, the President said, that General Imbert and the Armed Forces Minister Perez y Perez would make "an appreciable service to pacification of the country if they take measures so that this practice stops during this delicate period". 30. Several leaders of the Dominican Revolutionary Party, among them Molina Urena, its Secretary General, were arrested by members of the Dominican Air Force on 8 August. They were released after former President Bosch complained to the Minister of the Armed Forces. On the other hand, a leader of the Constitutionalist forces was shot in Santo Domingo on 12 August. President Balaguer's appointment of a prominent leader of the "Constitutionalist" forces, Dr. Hector Aristz, as Dominican Ambassador to UNESCO, was considered a soothing step. Also, a bill before the Dominican Congress that would curb political activities until three months before the next electoral campaign caused growing concern. It is reportedly feared that the bill, if enacted, might alienate political parties from the government of Dr. Balaguer and that the President might then be forced to fall back on the support of the Military. 31. In the light of the recent developments in the Dominican Republic, the complete withdrawal of the IAPF by 20 September is questioned. On 30 July there were 5>000 US troops and 1,500 Latin American troops still remaining in the country. Some contingents of the force withdrew in August. IV. US-Latin America relations 32. Latin American countries have continued to express criticism with regard to US policy in the area. President Leoni of Venezuela, on 22 August criticized a recent statement by Lincoln Gordon, US Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, which, in his opinion, appeared to "encourage" military coups in Latin America. 33» In order to dispel any criticism, President Johnson in his speech at the University of Denver on 26 August stated that in Latin American countries the United States is "on the side of those who want constitutional governments". The United States is not on the side of those who say that dictatorships are necessary for "efficient economic development" or as a "bulwark against Communism", -8- he added. At the end of the month the Venezuelan Foreign Ministry expressed its satisfaction with this position of the US Government. 3^4-. Some strain appeared in relations between Argentina and the United States. The US Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, in a statement on k August, declared that the United States had indicated its "dismay and concern" over the closing of Argentina state universities, which was accompanied by beatings by the police of a number of professors (including an American professor) and students. The Argentine Government in a protest on 8 August charged that US Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Mr. Gordon had inter- fered in Argentine affairs. A Foreign Ministry spokesman said the Argentine Government was "displeased" by the US State Department's comments on the seizure of the universities. 35- On the other hand, President Ongania declared on 10 August that Argentina and the United States "must work closely together to defend the continent against our common enemies". He expressed the hope that the two countries would maintain "cordial relations within the framework of broad cooperation" as in the past. In an open "anti-Communist" declaration, Ongania said that "Communism" must be considered "with the utmost seriousness throughout the world". 36. In the economic field, President Carlos Lleras Restrepo of Colombia asserted on 2k August that Latin America needed not only its common market but also a special trading relationship with the United States. Accordingly, the United States should provide a market at stable prices for Latin American tropical products and open its market to Latin American manufactured products by reducing tariffs in favour of hemispheric suppliers. 37- Under the Alliance for Progress program, the US granted a new loan for $38.k million to Brazil on 18 August. So far, Brazil has received $1.6 billion since the Alliance was founded, a fact confirming the United States policy to support particularly a few key countries in Latin America such as Brazil and Chile. 38. No substantial change took place in Cuban-United States relations. Cuban Foreign Minister Raul Roa declared on 21 August that the Cuban Government would not hold up the departure of 880 American families for the United States, but he denied that there was any formal agreement for their repatriation. A US State Department spokesman, Robert J. McCloskey, said on 22 August that no "special agreement" should be required for repatriation of these citizens. 39- The Fourth Conference of Latin American Students took place in Havana at the beginning of August.- The conference unanimously adopted on 9 August a resolution condemning "US aggression in Vietnam". It also approved on 11 August a resolution condemning the activities of the OAS, including the efforts being made to establish an Inter-American Peace Force. V. Latin America's relations with other countries h-Q. A most significant event in the development of the relations of Latin American republics with other nations could be President Frei's plans to visit next year Spain, as well as Morocco, Algeria and other African countries. The Chilean President will make the trip following the official visit to Chile of the Tunisian and Zambian Presidents and other African Chiefs of State during the period December 1966 to April 19&7- There are also reports with regard to the possibility that President Frei might visit the USSR in the summer of 1967. It was said that the objective of President Frei's visits to African countries could be to increase the contacts with non-aligned countries, particularly with Zambia, the world's second largest producer of copper. 4l. On the other hand, it was reported in Western capitals that the Soviet Union was making efforts to take over some of the ground being lost by the United States in Latin America in the economic field. According to these reports, the USSR was doing so by carrying out "prudently and realistically" a policy of economic rapprochement with key Latin American countries. The recent Soviet agreements with Brazil and Chile were interpreted as a reflection of that policy. The USSR signed an economic agreement with Brazil on 9 August providing for $100 million in Soviet long-term loans to Brazil for the purchase of Soviet industrial equipment. Premier Fidel Castro, in what was considered as an indirect criticism, declared on 26 July that Cuba would resent the granting of economic aid to Chile by any Socialist country. presidents of Cdom'bi&j, Chil©^ sad Yenesiaslap saeeting in Bogota^ and tli© pE'esideata of Eeaata" and Pssnaj, s^spipeEsatcd by their personal fielegates & ¥e trust that -fefee egreeesats w© rsachefi herefl ^ieh ars the object of this » s^eei'ssii fey the rest of the Latin American eoaiatries as for regieaal @eoacasic lnt9gFatlons for the sueesss of th® plaansd 1 sssetixsg of tSss h^aiis^SseK'e' a chiefs of state6 @mL fon the fortification of ths tyade policy aM f laaaeial cdoj^3?atioa vhich. we suppsrted once for a eosason iatsrnatienal policy: ou? ' ferment wish to see peao«"conB01ISated throughout the as such talll support the styeagthsaiiag of the UalteS !fe,ticsiss which shouM 1»s • doi?®d vith tJjs ps-opsr instruments to pa^s'^reat assS sol^s conHists0 W« eoasldcs? it equally asseessary to halt th© arsaE^nts race ands specifically .> to forbid the or us@p and @Kgsria;eatatioa with nuelsas* m^s of aajr aatOTSe tsssdey as an& at any place., so that the enos^otis ressupce® todsy being epant can TJS uead to raise the ecG&esiCfl cultxi2^1s sM siorsl li^isg standards of all Copies „ 2 ««- Inspis^d by the ssi® fs©liag and cot2ee?i$ed ebout the saost serious situation in Vietaasaj, iifeieh eonstitat©s a threat to -rarld p®£G@s w© ^as^s tine nations t© tlsat conflict to qKic&iy briKig it to en @aA ttessugh ^ae@fal i^aa©e 3 — ¥e s^offix'ja our solidarity uitk.all tli© psopl® stnuggliHg fos? their sssnt aM s>@ssass't GW "belief that for th-e sttaiaHssnt of Just coMitioas ia r&latioas lietweea thes© aM aaore sdmaeed cc^mtriss it is iisiispeasable to effect substantial changes in tb@ structure of iateruatiouffll exehg^ige and fis 4 »«, ve will support ths effoarfcs to sake the intesWterieaa GOOj®s?aticaj more vigorous sad effeeti'ro so that they say sor® effeetiw^r asset the seqwireaasats of th@ pgH£S@nt AjEsrlcan see-as orai the tasks asslgasd to th@ctc 5 _ WQ beliefs® that the coaditiaas for.tlie sts'engtfaeniag of the Institutions of sepsiess'ntatt'v© fiemooraey ere to Tb® fcusfi in the people's scti-we yoi© IK these, in the people's iaea-eas'lag ste-e'ln ths fessefits of DegressB as well as respect hsjssn jrightsj, and In ©coacmlc and social dswslogseat—-all of ^aic& are aassatial aaoL inseparable eejs&itionB seeded to -goairaatse tha li&er^r anfi x-rsllfere of Asss-leaa 6 — We j?®lt@suta oar support- Itor tfes prlaeipl© of ncmiat®n?sntion ®s .oae of for international eosslstsae© as£ a priKGipl© fo? Biiiefe. tb®?e i® KO ia ths [email protected] of -te®ricaa eouatyi©s0 -tesr att^pt at dirset o? ia= risiaa^S vithin ©r without the esatii^ntj, aasrt&ing tfcat ®ffsgct th« s@lf«S@'t^SE!iiaatioa of oar ^©ple i 7 «. wss assort th§ xsesd to effect sabstoatial sosial sts'uetu^s© so that tJiey will seat cms? people °s 4«S!^ de^Kds0 The of eta- eetion td.il 'be to ogsa a®^ poe@£biliti@@ fos? @dueatioa at all to preaol^ s^s-a.i'iasa ^form asai plans f©T lew-cost how@iasgfl aM tfe of the EaticassO. s^oduet to'a dogs*©® aempatl'ble with ec©a 8 —- To at'Sain these' objectless it is iaflispasasaJble ^aat t&s ^eopi© plsy an ftn- ersaslng sM effecti**© rol@ is tha polities! B econoiaic9 oiid cultural life of oar 9 — It is our belief that th@s« ts^sfosmtlonss assS this ee0EOTsic aad social will only bs fully possible through the integration of.-Latin. iato a gs?eat ecoacsiaic eo3a3Buinlty0 . •• . '.• • - . Latin tosriean isconaaic 3,at©gratioh: •';..'. '•;._ '••,'• ; I ««. Ve eonsides* the crsation of the Csnts^il Ame^ieaa ta^esa Market and t^se Latlss Association (LAFTA) to ha^s been positive st@gs • toward ws isaat point out the need to parfeet the sryg'tssss ©f self-s'S'iaent need ©f incFsa®£s3g eeoacsaie yeiatisn® eM of ad'^aaeiKg tmS.©? jsroper coalitions t©aa3?fi the unSty 'o Oa th® o'^er hsasflj, it Is evident that sas©Kg Latin .AEgriesB couat5?i©s lewis of dS'^logHent aafi that this fact has els'saSy be©a 's®psatedly ia the Koatevifteo tosaty aisd in sutssequffiat LAJTA s^solu^ionso a we tepe fleeided to • ja'causte ^oint action to obtain with LftFPA the of specific ffisasttr«a x«Jiich will fulfill the goals e©ntalsad in this declaration ai^p espseiall^r to pmsaote joint action for to® adoption of practical fosmulas that Hill ptro^ift® an adequate ts'sa'^Bsat in ©.ecos^aacs %?ith the ©f ©ay coianti-ieiSp t'jtileh are ehayaetss'lstie of those with selstlirely l@ss - 3 - ©eonoaies,, or of insufficient narket,, Thss© oge the indispensable asgang to attain •a harmonious assd "balanced de'velopssisat of the region within the spirit of $he Itot® video treaty o 3 — To accelerate to a asakteaia the progress of the countries with rslatiwly less 0 eoasioa market ff we recasssesaS within the treaty © frasatrork: A — Ttea effecting of eosBplesssntatioa sgrseisents ®M of special temporary trade exchange eoaeisssions in ?jhlch countries with less developed eeoaoaiss aa& insuff Icient exclasfrsely would ga^leipate—^ieh vould iaeur© to ttea th© @Kpsaaioa of B •>- The effecting of ©gs^eeaasnts listiseen 033© or moi?© coimtpies \rf.th less assi insuffieieat Esa^ltets td-th a counti^r of relativgly gspeatSK' developsesEfe would 1« freely opsa to countries telongiBg to Ibeth catsgosfies stat whose ad^fajitagea wDisld temporarily "be clessfi to the rasaaiainga Thes© not bought of as • fised divisions ^.ich \jisKild iag©d© -fete fcozatioii of ths Latin Aiserlean econoaie cofissunit^,, Mt^ on 15ie coiitraryp should be ' coasid^g^ a§ & way of arbiculating the pswcess of in'begrating the ^hol© regioap aM coais@qnsntiyp their objeeti^ras aM policy should adapt themselves to th© e«ssauai%°s gemrsl interests «, C — Th© sstablishcKsat of differential systems to lo'sisr duties' ia srelatioa to tte ^•srious labels of de^slopsseat aftfi teaiporary acareeipj'oeal eonessaiongf at en initial stags w&ga ecsjpi^ssntatioa ags^^aeats az^ signed with gsiieral ^rticipatioa0 ¥e consider that the application of tfees® scales vill eceeleyats tfe© p^osess of geaeral integration,, facilitating at the aasse tiEie a feayaoaious d^-^iogfignt •without tfiis ps'oea&s T«tiich ^ouM have urssurBJOuatabl® obstacles to faeSo Conssideg-ing that the prosMi^ for lewaring duties c a ^sasenable asBoasat of ti^9 and to ©sea-t vig©?©5as inf Irenes' ©eoaosaie Se^®lop^ats. t»s resogaise that to attain ttess > to foria a eustsss isai.oa ^iong LAFTA susabsr eoa&,ts ie@9 as^ w® will act so that in as short a. toss as gois'sible tSss tschaieal instraiaejat® for' this solution o la 13ie Eeantasasp a sigaifieeat Etas-gin of aonal jref^s^ac® smst IMB through sseclmaissss that aSequatsly take into eonsides-atioga th@ different tyuctta^es ©f esistis^ duties 0 2a th® sssis «aya wa- -?^'itierat@ ths of adopting a sgrats^ of a progffaESsed lowering of duties that i$ouM tak® into caaasid^atioa tfea different levels of de^ssi^pEsent by esnis3i&s3&s;®Q& "top sector® and th® elimination of ©11 'bas^iersj ineluding ®fiaiaiets'Gtlvea finaneialf, aisd ©xehangs Is^s-ieg1® that istpede 1£te ts?ads of articles originating in tSi® A collective aad effeeti'we action in f^vor of countries of relatively dewlopsd ecoac®l@a i@ coasi&ersd iadisgss&abl® sod upgeato This will fee caroled out though a gpcsapt ©xs& suibstsstiue decrease IB customs tariff© for t3ie p?oSucts originating in those countri^ tls® ppcsaotioa of ssv lisas of activity the of their iacipieat isdustriesp ttoe greftemttial fiaaneisg of thai? ra®®0 sn3 tissir f«ll fe@nefit fees? tlis oppog'tusl.ties deri-sed frsss unification of eeoaeiaiG sp®e© (espscio eeoaozaico)o consider ssaesssas-y th@ sagiiLalsion of those ssasyr®§ ^laieh sa^y asaml graatoi to th© countries vitfo rslati^gly less d^^elopad economies Tto territorial coatismi^r ©f ous1 couatffi©®^ ths sizailapitgr of living coalitions tb© settlers of fesrdes' s©ass9 aM tfe© ©sehang® psroSuesd of grojdsity ssk© ®*$i&<8a& ^ss deeiai-afs iiaporfcsac© of "bora©? within t&s gss^ral iats^atioa process „ Iterefors^ ga»e@^ss!g of trill "feg fostersSj, th© ^eessasy ^fos*l£ Eieehaaisss vill "bss cs^eatod or azid thss® •Hill bs aa^e :^rticigaBts ia th@ ^cisions ssSe 1^ naticssaL organises respaasi'bl® for eeoaesaie and social fis'yelopisst tn order to iasus1® ths of int^gratlea calls for 'th@ establisbsseat of a teoad tisst will facilitate tiie ©sploStetien ef t3» yegioa"® r@isources0 1 —• To pfcsaot® the eseeatioa ia as sho^t a t©s?sa as possible of plems fop ©ffieieasfc t^snspc^tatioB a^-steffis such as fiMsfcisg -'clie Paa Jii^K-icau Hi^^r ©s Ssa circuit? as «ell ©@ tha eoastrisctiea of the int©smtioz>al tefiesn g «.„ To M^eeat© the sigsaia^ of a^sssssats for coop®3?atioa 021 qtssstiesse such cjater asraS @ir ts^Jispoytatieab 3 ^.-To effect as sooa ae possible' th@ iatercoasiaetioii of aatiosa! sM t&© oets&lishisMsnt of direct iates^mtiOEal systssaso jpsxaaote e^pee^sts ^a plsas fcer ©r^pgetie Se^alo^ssnt in o£dea? to of plsns in which .the aaaagegisat astd capital of ss^s^l latia coaatrisss would pi^ticii^-t® will facilitate tfes gs?oe©s© of integmtionj, a sgscIallKatiea (as &@ar3}8 asai ssa squitisible disteifeatioa of *** 5 *** the sems0 Coaseqaeatly B support •will Ts& given to the study o.f plans of this j, ©ssS to pK'csiot® their ©s^eutioa^ supfgort will Is® gi^n to ss©asure@ tesdiisg to afcoltsh doufols tsseatiea asaS. msj otte" obstacles to the iatraaoaal teassfer of capital^ as well as to those gsrwl&iag foy tseteical assistaae© fcetasea the parfcietpatieg ee«at?i©ss and to afiequats t&e a&waees aeMewfi thz^cugh tb© agg^assnt adopted % eeatral tba sojs^p sa^ the sub@es>iptloa of rseigroeal er©dit it is e<3a To @ttais. sueli @M@? \?sil,ll foster i±s establisshs^at of cooatplss of tSss sons ^lieh M.11 ha-v® s Iteufi tSsat will ease of s&&rt*>tes^ ci^sait for tfes lis^aidatioa of aeeislons ^sich ^jill ^fe® peasibls LSfSA°s ^italll^ ss^. aa-mBe@^at susst "be of a politic©! aates^ aM tlieir ©ffeeti-reasss will ctepead ia 'of t^e XjAFSA saiaist@s»@ co*aaels '&& its tfes ais'sociatioa9® policy for a fegtte" ^alfill^Kit of tte 2 «• ¥e literate 13^ 'uz^at g^sid 'of formes tbs LASTA t@ctealcal ci?@stsd at -Sis f^^aiga iaiais&®?s soa^Si®ac<§-«»as a. fi^st stsp tomrS ©stsblisl^sat b? a cmsimitsf "boiy eMsysjsd with powas-'s to siiteit -we su^»yt th® c^mti^ o? a lEsctaaism f of prssldsiits of t!s® feam3.s^s@ra sssa. tli® sty®a§tb§sii!g ©f t&s Izssaisplierie chiefs of state is the cemsr@t@ ^-oposals i-^iich E.l^it "be agp'O'sM at sueh a Eset^j p?@^^@So ¥© fosl ^©t; tte task of p^p^iag t&ef§& gsroposals shouM to a group of rap^eaatatlves ©f the or^saisatioas i^fe polieies of tlm eautt^sto X& tliis to ths go^®rssi^ats %• tha ¥e ps-e^tose that tb» taiisgtjsgle eesifersaee te^ots its efforts to t@o itivee: tea gtE^^thesiag «sf the Mli®acs for J^^re^s ^ jfessMag « oa ESW ^mat^ss of eoatiasataL e&op3£^ti<%i @i£@d at prosatissg tobia Aiiisse© ¥© S&1& to imistaia political aoiiSsri^r ©ssS to aa effeetiis© feesiispts9?ie ¥© also £e©l that asilcaa ©f fetia eouat?i@© sad Use atoptlesa vill facilitate %-as establisIiQd in Fuata dai Est©^ has ;eff«3r& is plselsg ^l&tiosss feaiissea fe,tia ^as©E>ica aM ^!s@ UsiitM States ea © Is-^el ©f dynssie coo^^atiea0- ^2*e spirit of tMs Eoss-^r^ its 8trttet{£Z>@8 saad ^©diaalsss saast b tfe®. lost fcjUs® in ccssipljriag witSs t&© goals iaitially set0- o ffe^aia the triage sxs& sigaifieasss® of tl^ alliaae® as a of iatssrntiomi eoogss-atic® in ^ids aH t&@ esaaatEiss of to sts^sagt^sa to eoafiiist cf ©ilia&o© affairs isasst to ial aid isa ia latss-aatio^l siS is sse©sssaafy ia out msee@ssfiillf ©s$ tSaat Aid of isa latesmtloaal ©id isa ia g"©g®M to tH@ prs^lsiea of capital f&s- -T- ®stabli§teea,t of as iatezmtioaal Astern of gearastsss fsr 'tests «£• This gg'gtsm of gsamitsss ee^ be sesMsed wil& t!b& utilisation of ths ftasjsLg oSsisissd f&os tbesa bcsSs ©ad is carte1 to p'oirMe ethsr ^@etors of to?@laip£at with capital^ s^spset to of ag^icultepal eM cattle paraSuctioa is passing in ^iew of its lag •tfis«-a-'$is the rapid grcrjth of the pspsl®tioja0 Hetjs^ei°p the t-ssrexsra^ iabalanees vhleh tlis applicmtioa of ths 3^5^""!©^ r^fossa or otter de^slopa^nt - lead to should "be ©XiBiaateS vith int©2"smtlezml as@is fesaie®? vhich ^euld allosi fos^^tion of E'ggolatss'y osrgaalsatioas org should tSi® case ds'oslop^ -Kis lass of aatiomi stn'pltisaB to supply other ©s-eas of the TKiO3fildp V® propose that eonsrets plans fee tLra'rm up on thssa points as part of tho Aid fos" scientifis jrsseapsfe @ad education: ¥© also ps?o^ss tbat the i3@Bdsp&©r!e eoafarsaes adopt ansasnrsg t© iatsraatlcssal asslstaaa© in tbs field of seisatifie ®s& teefcaolegicsl ed&e&tion at all ie^?@ls0 It is espeeially important that Mgbes*«»le^ela specialized9 s^giofial scsS^sic centers fe© established 0 Aid foy seoasHSlc Sategration: He propose tlsat the S^aispSteric coafsresaee sake decisions ealliz^ for aid for tte ^jrsieal intsgratioa of tha cosatiiaeats the erestion of a special ftaad to Skeilitat® ths Access of eeoaoiBiG integration^ sssSL tSie fjpes utilisatioa of the loaras grsnt^d to Latin Assriesn eoiaat^iss foy IS® importation of goods gsr&duced ia any of the countries oa the ¥@ -will support ths sigaiiig cr gts'engthsai^ of ths as e&e^uate im5fcruis§sits t© gaa^aatss fair ami gsrofitabla psleesa stable market® Stop eei'taia pri^n^ goods8 &®& iacst-gasiag 2?s^s3tiu@ vhich will allew tJss plans for ®sid social fie^©lo|i^ist to t© flnsneed0 Tog«tfees» ^?® will gtaaSy fcs?salas slassd at ineys®.@i^ ta-ad© essag tSa® LAFTA asd th@ Central tesrieaa CoEsaoa M&rkst a^ at lajiag t^ g^Guosdwo^k for of the two arsas U3^®3? adsq^Bt© eoi^iti©sis<, ¥e «ill algo pg^aot® stu^y of possible E®t!aod® and &@ehani@@s ^iich id.ll pss^it a substantial iacs^ase in Latin American ©xpsirts to couatriss witls ceatrslly plasaasd 8- ¥® deeles1© oas- ©Qbes-enee to t&e gessepal principle calling for -Ehe ellsaisatioa of discFisdf&tozsr aafl prefereHtlsl sy&tess which flavor groups of ds^elcplng countri We ar® greatly coaeesjssd %@eause this principle has ssade no ©i^aifieant progress since the world confe^snce OB tysde sad dewlogsgat and because., ea the eoatgaE^ the pyefes'eatial spates has laesa stff@sjgtfe©a pyeferential tesata^at to de^@lopiag eoimteies srs sapplied generallyf f we it smsegssasy to ststfiy *fee possibility of establistiiag a special ^ystea within ths heal@pSie?a laaSg? vhieh the iMusts*ialis®d eotmtri@s wsMld grant more f&wmbis for imports f&»es Latin Aseyics vithout fiensading z^sipsroeal t^eatmsat axsa •with due attention t© tSie pyo^ss ol1 istegs'etion,, This ^-stea weisld tse opssi to the pa^tieipatioa of othes* iMustrialiasfl coisatries, Coiantries iK the p^oesss of acvelopaisnt ^hicli ©s?© net wsteotsd tgr a spaetelly @sta"blisliefi Astern ia otfesr parts of the woyM eould besssfit 'fe-os it0 We s?eit@s?at® our displaastrre vith ths sisgati-vs aspset© that ism's© lately afffeetsd ths espopt of Latia Aa^^ieaaa products to the s^s-ksts of iHfiustrialised cowats>i©3 aaad for to sgply the recos^Biatione of tSse tfoyld trade aa The ps^gyessi^s detsrioratlon of te?ss of esc^siage has not of li^ug eoMltione ia Latin toerisa^ Twit lias also ssde it difficult to aaiat&ia pr^ssnt eoislitions0 ¥e telie^e that fosreiga garlmts capital san provide eoaisMana'bl© support to Asssrican eeootssaSLe fiemslogs^at if it eaeousi©g©s eapitaliaation in tfes satioa ia it Is iri-?restel8 eaeoGs^ges greats? partleipstioa of losol sapitsl in its and do@s aot otsste-aet rsgioaal int€^°atiOBo t?® will gi1^ f^oll ecogs^atioa to studies p?®s©ntl^ teisag out to draft vs&ffosK Isasie stsntos'fe is rsgas-d to fO3?®igja ia^es-tesa tliat sfeoald t?@ adopted B we sisgssst: l) those that •would of saosiera tsetmologsr^ without rsstyietiag the s^>k®t for pefodue tgcfcaieal aidj aaS 2) ^ss eoordiaation of fsroiga iu^s-te^at with We #ill see coll^etiiiel^ tlie de^elojpeat of s^stsis® al2«a^r ia pg-ogg^ss isi ordsr to obtain the EStliuia said Iong»1^rss forsiga creditsTOqutes< il§ r latin iMustry as a stsans to encourage capitalisation la our couatrlss aafi to will etmtimz® to support: 1) the fonaulas propossS l^- Latia Aaserieaa la scatters of esctesroJ. fiisaaeisgo S&3 fcs'Esalas yadas?seog'@ tfc that the credit ps&iei©s of iistemtioaal fiBaneisg ©sTgaKisatiess &o not c®ald gsraSyss g««)lo^s®ats ptjga-s^s or sttealat® tfes us® of S5®aasj ass 2) the ©llHsiaa,tle?a o? rssteSstioas a© agpli@& to ^@ eeuatsjr teassportmtsiosi satfecdioj, §aifi 1^ss u&& o? tsshnieal agsiatsaasa^ a0 stibjscts of a stoiSjap ssiatissfeo Cfea tMs sass® dat®^ ^® Siaw apj>3?«y«®a tb@ ^asiis for as issse^iate garags-as of of tfee parSiei^tisg nations ^Siicli «staT51Jehes: l) eraaplaseatasy ©coasmie integ^Etioa; 2) the eooE^dlnatien of poll^r amoag tha five iiliis'fiselaratios ia ragased to ec5BJSsercA«s,ltf iRS^Btrialf, rinajjciale servicest asd t€sfcnleal eoo^-F&tion ^itteysj snfl 3) th® cs"satioa of to aaaaag© 'fcliese astlvStisSo In the n®ae of ths UJsas-ator and all t&oss tsiio contrroutcsd vlth saerll^e© eM their gsaiuss to cor nations0 SaflcgssaSeacep &aS eoiafi&aat that ere iatsypa?HStisag tSj© profotaiaS. egatianssat of" otar psopie^ ws siga this ©urj ja'csise s&& vill to Eafe® ©^3?y effort to 0©s that as1® ?.vT3alis©d fee th© bSEssfit of COT Batieas sad t^is ftetsa/es 16 August ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION : The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDS NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Attached are summaries of the statements in the General Debate by the representatives of Ecuador, Colombia, France and Kuwait. v;V Dates FROM: 29 Sept. 1966 berenker> s-£fecretary, PSCA. CR. 13 (11-64) Political and Security Council Affairs CONFIDENTIAL Political Affairs Division JMQ:111 29 September 1966 TWENTY-FIRST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY GENERAL DEBATE lUl6th meeting, 26 September 1966 Ecuador GENERAL DEBATE Ecuador The Foreign Minister of Ecuador, Mr. Jorge Salvador-Lara, addressed the General Assembly on 26 September 1966 (A/PV.l^l6). United Nations (a) General The Foreign Minister stated that it was necessary to defend and consolidate the world organization for, as Pope Paul VI had said, people turned to the United Nations as their last hope for peace. Among the factors which delayed achievement of the Organization's objectives was power politics which had been denounced by U Thant, and should be replaced by a policy of international cooperation. (b) Secretary-General Ecuador was deeply concerned over the situation which had led the Secretary-General to decline his re-election, reiterated to him the country's confidence, and expressed the hope that U Thant would accept the sacrifice of re-election for a new term. Disarmament (a) Reduction of armaments As was also rightly affirmed by Pope Paul, there cannot be a lasting peace until there is an effective, general and controlled reduction of arma- ments. There was a painful contrast between the vast amounts devoted to the armaments race throughout the world including Latin America and the immense and growing material poverty of more than half of mankind. Ecuador joined in the appeal to turn over the large resources now being consumed in the arma- ments race to the struggle against disease, illiteracy and hunger. (b) Nuclear tests Ecuador considers that any tests of nuclear weapons is a threat to peace. It has therefore deplored the latest nuclear tests, the danger of which could not be scientifically denied. (e) Denuclearization of Latin America Concerned at the danger of proliferation of nuclear weapons, Ecuador firmly supports efforts to conclude a treaty on denuclearization of Latin America, and invites all the nuclear powers to respect the Latin American purpose of denuclearization. - 2 - Vietnam Suffering and blood-letting in a part of the world community cannot but bring sorrow to the United Nations as a whole. Just as communist ag- gression had to be condemned, the struggle in Vietnam should be halted and the will of the Vietnamese people should be respected. All obstinacy should disappear and the parties should agree to negotiate without any preconditions being imposed. Peaceful Settlement of Disputes Ecuador favoured the peaceful settlement of disputes under the rule of law. The principle that victory creates no right had been incorporated both in the world as well asthe regional organizations. Theoretical declara- tions appeared to be insufficient, however, and other means must be found to make resolutions for injustice and violated rights. The conquest of terri- tories and the advantages gained by armed force cannot be a source of law, and sow permanent seeds of discord among neighbours. As proclaimed by the Inter- national Law Commission, treaties imposed by force are invalid and void ab- initio. The inter-American system prohibits the recognition of territorial gains by force but, in reality, without the necessary machinery these principles could not be implemented. Ecuador has been affected by these circumstances, to the detriment of its territorial heritage, and would always advocate the restitution of law and the quest by peaceful means to make up for injustice. Economic Development Ecuador favoured Latin American economic integration to raise the standards of living of the peoples of the region. A reason for satisfaction was the efforts of the world organization, through its specialized agencies, t& overcome the imbalances between the industrialized countries and the in- sufficiently developed countries and promote closer international cooperation. Since the basic concept of the United Nations was that it constitutes the organization of the international community, only cooperation for development will enable the world to live in peace. Instead, there was an "industrial aggression" by the developed countries in limiting prices and in trying to decrease their purchases abroad by producing themselves the products of the developing countries. There must be equitable commodity prices. Regrettably, the more the developing countries worked and exported, the less they earned. Ecuador fully supported the UN Trade and Development Board, and as a member of the group of '77> hoped that through the machinery established by the Board, a closer cooperation with the more industrialized nations would be achieved. - 3 - Other Issues Ecuador reiterated its stand in favour of decolonization; supported the claims of Spain and Argentina regarding Gibralter and the Malvinas (Falkland) Islands, respectively; expressed deep concern over the recent decision of the International Court of Justice in South West Africa; con- demned the policy of apartheid; and favoured the proposal for a l&iited Nations machinery to protect human rights. GENERAL DEBATE Meeting 22 September 1966 DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS Summary of Statements in the General Debate BRAZIL (a) Peace-keeping Operations The Foreign Minister of Brazil after referring to the deadlock which seemed to have been reached in the United nations regarding the payment of costs of peace-keeping operations, said that the time had come to acknowledge frankly that there was little or no hope of arriving at a satisfactory conclusion. The only realistic approach, he said, was to carry out a reform of the Charter, framing explicit rules on the conduct and financing of peace-keeping operations. The Foreign Minister pointed out that Brazil was proud of its contributions in forces to both the United Nations operations and to the Inter-American . Peace Force in the Dominican Republic. He emphasized Brazil's contribution in the case of the Dominican Republic situation and expressed the view that the "timely and efficient intervention of the regional organization" had brought about a prompt end to civil strife and had cleared the way for the restoration of democratic rule through fair and peaceful elections. (b) Disarmament The Foreign Minister said that Brazil was compelled to note that no perceptible success had been achieved regarding the problem of disarmament. Brazil, he said, would like to urge that the highest priority be given to working out some formula that might lead to the concentration, and not the reverse, of the power of decision as to the use of nuclear weapons. However, It was quite clear that non-proliferation could not "be assured by a veto of the nuclear powers, as it was really dependent upon voluntary surrender "by non-nuclear powers of their possibilities of eventually joining the "atomic club" through their own efforts. In the absence of a really reliable system of collective security, such a surrender would obviously involve a singularly grave and fateful decision. This would be too much to ask unless a completely trustworthy framework of legal and material guarantees was achieved. (c) Economic Matters ¥ith regard to economic matters, the Foreign Minister of Brazil said that close and intelligent co-operation was called for between the fully developed and the less developed states, in the best interest of all. This involved improving the terms of trade, making free the access to old and new markets, opening up new economic vistas and breaking down the barriers of narrow self- interest. The Foreign Minister expressed the hope that the new forms of economic association, now so prevalent in the world, would not operate as walled-in enclosures behind high tariff barriers, nor resort to import restrictions to discriminate against the products of other areas. He said that Latin America looked uneasily upon "the thorny network of rules and regulations that hinder its trade with Western Europe" and stated that unequal treatment was being granted by the European Common Market toother non-European areas to the detriment of Latin America. (i) United Nations Organization •for Industrial Development. The Foreign Minister welcomed the steps that have been taken to establish the United Nations Organization for Industrial Development.. That would be a fitting complement, he said, to the United Nations Trade and Development Board as well as to the .United Nations Special Fund. ROUTsING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: The Secretary-General Aj FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLERJ YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR ESfFORMATION Date; FROM: DE:/ 28.9.1966 f* E. KestereHEcf CR. 13 (11-64) Political and Security Council Affairs CONFIDENTIAL Political Affairs Division DB/sr 2? September 1966 TWENTY-FIRST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY GENERAL DEBATE 14iath Meeting. 2? September 1966 Mexico • . GENERAL DEBATE Mexico The Foreign Minister of Mexico, Dr. Antonio Carrillo Flores, addressed the General Assembly, on 27 September 1966. (A/FV.141$) United Nations The Foreign Minister of Mexico reiterated the faith and confidence of his country in the United Nations. While Mexico understood the reasons that had prompted U Thant to make his recent statement regarding a second term of office, Mexico still hoped that the Secretary-General would find it possible to continue to serve the United Nations in his present post. Disarmament The Foreign Minister, after noting that the results of the Eighfceen- Nation Disarmament Committee had been rather discouraging, said that the General Assembly had the "unavoidable duty" of redoubling its efforts not only by convening future meetings of the Committee, but also by participating more directly, either by a thorough exploration of possibilities for new forms of settlement or, ultimately, by weighing the individual attitudes of the various States with the supreme interest of mankind. (a) Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons It would be desirable for the General Assembly to define more specifically the meaning of the five general principles contained in resolution 202&(XX), since some of these principles had been the subject of the most varied interpretations within the Disarmament Committee. The Foreign Minister recalled the support given last year by his Delegation to the suggestion originally presented by Nigeria, on the need for inclusion in the Treaty on non-proliferation, of a comnitment by the nuclear Powers not to use nuclear weapons and not to threaten to use them against States on whose soil these instruments of destruction did not exist. This, he said, conformed with the need to establish an acceptable balance of responsibilities and mutual obligations for nuclear States and non-nuclear States. - 2 - (b) Denuclearization of Latin America The Foreign Minister referred to the "encouraging picture" and to the "uninterrupted and dynamic process" -which, despite some remaining difficulties, would lead to a treaty for the denuclearization of Latin America. In this connexion he mentioned the "Proposals" for the Drafting of this Treaty, unanimously adopted at the 1966 session of the Preparatory Conmission for the Denuclearization of latin America. With regard to the cooperation that was expected from the nuclear Powers, the Foreign Minister reiterated the position of his Government that the treaty would become fully and completely effective from the very moment when the States who wished to be parties to it, ratified it. The cooperation that was hoped for from the nuclear Powers consisted only in the fact that these Powers would comply with a general obligation derived from the U.N. Charter: to respect a treaty agreed to by a group of States in the legitimate exercise of their sovereignty. Viet-Nam The Foreign Minister said that, unfortunately, for reasons well known to all, it did not seem that at the present time the United Nations was in a position to intervene effectively in the solution of the conflict. The co- operation which countries outside the conflict could offer, particularly those that possessed no great military or material power, he said, lay not so much in suggesting concrete formulae as in solemnly exhorting those who bore the major responsibility in this problem to keep open all channels of communication that might lead to a cessation of hostilities or that might at least avoid the escalation thereof. Peace-keeping The Foreign Minister said that though the results of the work of the Special Committee fell short of what was desirable, it had not been useless. He expressed the hope that the Assembly and the Permanent Members of the Security Council would be able to reach agreement on common directives that would enable the Special Committee to successfully complete the task assigned to it. - 3 - Economic Matters The Foreign Minister emphasized the urgency of complying with recommendations of the Geneva Conference on Trade and Development, and recalled the principle, unanimously endorsed in January 1961, by a commission of experts appointed by the Secretary-General, that since the export of basic commodities is the most arduous way to finance economic development, the highly developed countries should at least lighten the burden by granting priority or preference, in this type of trade, to the poorer countries. Furthermore, he said, the highly industrialized countries should give preferences which would not divide the world into closed blocs. Mexico would also support all efforts being made to increase the volume of resources for long-term financing and to ensure that loans were granted under conditions that were more favourable and flexible. ROUTING gLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TOj The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PRO JET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER; POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLERJ YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDS NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Date: FROM: I 30 Sept. 1966 DE: f| AlE. Nesjfcerenko, -u ~ retary, PSCA. CR. 13 (11-64) DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS Political Affairs Division 21ST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY General Debate PERU 1420th Meeting, 28 September, 1966 DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND l420th meeting SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS 28 September 1966 JMQidpa Political Affairs Division 21ST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY General Debate PERU The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Peru, Mr. Jorge Vazquez Salas, addressed the General Assembly on 28 September 1966 (A/PV. 1420). The Secretary-General Peru paid a tribute to the Secretary-General. Respect for his personal considerations made the Foreign Minister refrain from appealing to him to continue his work at a time of such crucial importance to all mankind. However, his example and advice will serve the United Nations and will help it to cope with the vast tasks it is destined to accomplish. Disarmament (a) Use and proliferation of nuclear weapons The question of disarmament and the use and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are among the most pressing questions that hang over the civil- ized world. While the efforts of the United Nations are redoubled, certain political factors determine the lack of a decision on world disarmament. Any favourable attitude has to be political and result from a climate of confidence arising from positive action taken by the great Powers. (b) Denuclearization of Latin America Peru rejected the use of nuclear energy for warlike purposes. This was the attitude of all Latin American countries which were currently trying to bring about an agreement whereby the principal Powers concerned would assure the denuclearization of Latin America by means of setting up the appropriate machinery. - 2 - Viet-Nam The Peruvian Government had enthusiastically welcomed the appeal of Pope Paul for the restoration of peace in Viet-Waij and was always prepared to cooperate to that humanitarian purpose. German Unity The desires of the German people for unity should be realized within the legal framework of the principle of self-determination of peoples. Economic Development Peru wished to place special emphasis on the work being done at the international level with respect to the problem of under-development, considered to be one of the overriding interest and importance. The gap between the industrialized and the developing countries continues to widen due to the slowness •with which trade was being applied with a view to the development of peoples - a purpose which was proclaimed by the world Conference on Trade and Development, in 1964. UNCTAD constituted a concrete positive fact, the most salient fact of this decade, together with the creation of the UN Organization for Industrial Development. Peru favoured the restructuring of world trade to promote development, and would continue to appeal for the harmonization of United Nations action with that of the Organization of American States. Peru has been one of the most active Members in the establishment of UNDID which was expected to become one of the main instru- ments for world economic development. Kon-intervention For the peoples of Latin America particularly, the manifestations of subversive penetration entailed considerable dangers. Peru continued to defend the principle of non-intervention which was reaffirmed last year in a General Assembly resolution. It should be recognized that the political independence of States was the primary object of international cooperation. International law imposed the limitation that no State should exercise its power on the territory of another State. Strict Compliance with International Treaties Peru will firmly defend international order based on respect for the personality of States, which is formed by the free deterioration of peoples, and — 3 — in the strict compliance with the obligations emanating from international treaties - an intangible legal order defined by the UN Charter and by the OAS Charter. Peru proudly affirms that there is not one inch of its territory which was not included in its initial physical frame, a sacred and irrevocable accomplishment of the emancipation movement. Science and Technology Science and technology are duly appraised as factors vitally linked to the progress of the developing countries. The latter, grouped together on a regional or sub-regional basis, should benefit from the continuing and astounding progress of sience and technology. This was of special significance in Latin America, a region where taking advantage of national resources offered vast prospects. The centre of the South American continent which was still underdeveloped offered great prospects for the future due to its dry tropical climate and very rich volume of resources. Also the process of integration of the Latin American countries called for adequate assistance on a scientific and technological level. In this respect the international organizations should play a greater role. There was a need for the re-evaluation of their role, so as to avoid duplication of efforts and to achieve the best results. Co-ordination of international action The advisability of a better co-ordination of the activities of international organizations called attention to the need of providing an institutional framework of a more centralized and broader nature with greater powers for those entities responsible for the work of co-ordination. This harmonizing of action should take place not only within the United Nations system but also with regional organizations such as the Organization of American States. DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND SECUKCTY COUECIL AFFAIRS Political Affairs Division 21ST SESSION OF TEE GENERAL ASSEMBLE General Debate legist Meeting, 28 September 1966 COSTA RIGA DEPAKEMEKP OF POLITICAL AM) Meeting Ho. SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS 28 Political Affairs Division SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY General Debate COSTA RICA The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica, Dr. Fernando Lara, addressed the General Assembly on 28 September 1966 (A/PV.1^21) . United Nations and World Peace The united Nations represents for the 'whole of mankind the best and perhaps the only hope of finding the firm road that will lead to days of greater tranquility and well-being . There is still much to "be done "by the united Nations. But in condemning the monstrosity of a world holocaust, it should not be forgotten that true peace will prevail on earth only if it is established on the basis of Justice for all peoples and respect for human dignity. The Secretary-General A sincere appeal was addressed to U Thant in order that he may accede to the unanimous desire of all that he continue in the post he has been filling with such ability. Vietnam Costa Rica associates itself with the appeals to all the peoples of the world to combine their efforts to put an end to the painful conflict in Vietnam, in conditions that will guarantee the free exercise by the people of that country of the right of self-determination. The Government of Costa Rica fully supports the united States plans submitted by Ambassador Goldberg for putting an end to the war in Vietnam. Apartheid Within the United Nations context of peace and social justice, Costa Rica is concerned with the social and political problem created by the policy of apartheid maintained by the South African Government . Costa Rica has worked -2- indefatiguably in the Special Committee on Apartheid, and once more places on record its repudiation of that policy, while expressing the hope that such a source of disturbance will soon disappear and give way to satisfaction among peace-loving nations. High Commissioner for Human Bights The United Nations must continue to promote measures designed to strengthen the recognition and safeguarding of human rights. Costa Rica expected general support for its proposal for the creation of a High Commissioner or a Tribunal whose mission would "be the observance of the respect and the strengthening of the Charter provisions and the universal Declaration of Human Eights, which were essential elements of social co-existence. Divided Countries The right of self-determination belongs to all peoples and should not be denied to those who are at present deprived of its full exercise, such as the peoples of Germany and Korea whose problems of unification should be solved in accordance with the peaceful means of the San Francisco Charter. Assistance to economic development Costa Rica fully supports joint action in order to bring to the under- developed areas of the world the blessings of culture, social progress and economic development. DEFAKCMES3T OF POLITICAL AND SECURE COUNCIL AFFAIBS Political Affairs Division 21ST SESSIOH OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLE General Debate 1421st Meeting, ^ September 1966 UEUGUAY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AHD Meeting Ho. SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS ^ gepteniber Political Affairs Division 21ST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLE General Debate URUGUAY The Minister for External Relations of Uruguay, Mr. Luis Vidal Zaglio, addressed the General Assembly on 28 September 1966 (A/PV.1^21) . United Nations The Minister reiterated the complete adherence of his country to the task of the United Nations. Uruguay, he said, did not want a world characterized by confrontations between two antagonistic groups; it aspired to an active and creative peace based on justice and international co-operation. China So long as continental China showed no desire to fulfill, loyally and in good faith, the international duties required by the Charter, its admission was ruled out, whatever the juridical formula under which the problem might appear in the agenda. Moreover, the Government of Peking had submitted to the United nations for its consideration no expression of any desire for admission, and therefore it was questionable whether the United Nations had the competence, on its own initiative, to decide the situation with regard to the legitimate representation of China in the Organization. South-West Africa Uruguay believed that a solution must be found for, among other problems, the "lamentable and dangerous situation" that existed in South-West Africa. After stating that the judgment of the International Court of Justice on this matter seemed "profoundly erroneous", the Minister for External Affairs emphasized that this did not alter the conclusions that the Court, in its Advisory Opinions and its judgment of 1962 had announced with regard to the substance of the matter. Sout he rn-Rhodesia Uruguay recalled that in the Security Council it had maintained that, in view of the fact that the measures already taken had not produced the desired results, the time had come for the application, within the framework of -2- CShapter VII of the Charter, of certain mandatory sanctions of an economic nature against the regime of Salisbury. Vietnam The Minister for External Affairs pointed out that, the continuation of the conflict in Vietnam, as the Secretary-General had asserted in his letter of 1 September (s/7^l), was a constant reproach to the world conscience. The United Nations could not remain indifferent in the face of this ever more dangerous and grave war. The peace that was so necessary for the world, the Minister added, could not be merely the result of the recognition of triumph over subversion or aggressive attitudes. The issue, therefore, could not elude the interest and competence of the united Nations and, although there were parties to the conflict who were not Members of the Organization, Uruguay hoped that the United Nations might give impetus to the peaceful solution of the conflict. With reference to the recent statement by the US representative in the Assembly, the Foreign Minister said that it was a significant contribution to the solution of the problem. The world, wanted the two great Powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, to make their positions clear and to take concrete steps towards peace. The possibility of immediate negotiation, without prior conditions, existed now, he said, if there was a will to achieve peace. Dominican Republic Situation Commenting on the Dominican Republic crisis, the Foreign Minister said that it was "victoriously" overcome through the free-will of the Dominican people and the exercise of their right to vote. Uruguay had established a clear position of non-intervention, and the events following April 1965 had testified to the validity of the thesis that was upheld, and his Government did not believe that the experience furnished any reason to change or to make reservations with respect to the principle of non-intervention, as enshrined by the Assembly in its resolution 2131(XX). Economic Matters The Foreign Minister said that the struggle against poverty on the world level, both as to States and individuals, must go on at a renewed pace for the achievement of economic collaboration, justice in price levels for raw materials, and an international trade system based on "equity" and not on "exploitation". SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TOi The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION -if Date: E/\ I ^ 1.10.66 [A. E. Neaterenko, '*—-A- ", PSCA. CR. 13 (11-64) DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND 1 October 1966 SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS JMQrpnm TWENTT-FIRST SESSION OP THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY General Debate Meeting, 29 September 1966 PANAMA DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AMD Meeting No. SECURITY. COUNCIL AFFAIRS 29 September 1966 Political Affairs Division JMQ:pmm 21ST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY General Debate PANAMA The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Panama, Mr. Fernando Eleta, addressed the General Assembly on 29 September 1966 (A/PV. 1^2J). The Secretary-General The Foreign Minister referred to the recent visit of U Thant to Panama, and reiterated the appeal made "by its President to him to continue to inspire and guide the destiny of the United Nations. Disarmament Panama joined those who have advocated in the United Nations the conclusion of an agreement on disarmament which would release substantial resources and funds so necessary for the acceleration of the process of development. It also supported the conclusion of an international treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons. A new system of economic cooperation The still subsistent exercise of power politics, in contradiction with the principles of the Charter, absorbs resources of such a great magnitude that in spite of proclaimed foreign-aid policies of the industrialized countries, the volume of their external aid has been reduced in the past five years. It was a tragic anachronism that in this "Decade of Development" the gap, instead of closing, was widening. As Pope Paul had stated, "Development is the new name for peace". The imbalance of the terms of trade also brought about a constant loss of external resources for the countries exporting primary commodities, to such a degree that it already exceeds the volume of foreign aid received by them. An attempt should be made to achieve a true and effective economic inter-dependence at the international level, which should become mandatory, thus bypassing the negative effects of the play of the aggregate forces of power -2- politics and economic orthodoxy. On the basis of such considerations, Panama invited the Member States to consider the desirability of setting up a system of economic cooperation, a system of compulsory inter-dependence based on the establishment of a pro-rated contribution derived from the material revenue of everyone of the Member States. The funds thus obtained would be nationally invested to fill the most urgent needs of the developing countries for a more speedy rate of economic growth. It would be up to the United Nations to set up the necessary bodies or to make the existing institutions adequate for the fulfillment of the functions of collection, supervision and distribution of funds thus obtained. This proposal merited serious consideration, and was aimed at an effective solution of the problem of financing development. The rights of nations to their own natural resources The effective exercise of the rights of peoples and nations to control and manage their own natural wealth and resources in the interest of their national development was recognized in General Assembly resolution l8o$ (XVII). Panama hoped to see the provisions of this resolution implemented with regard to its sovereign rights over the strip of its territory at present known as the Panama Canal Zone, and to derive from the operation of the Canal the benefits to which Panama is entitled. Panama had been given assurances of goodwill by the Government of the United States for the conclusion of agreements aimed at abrogating the treaty of 1905, still in effect, concerning the Panama Canal., The well-founded hopes of success that Panama entertains in this respect also rest on the support of Members of-the United Nations. 'ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION The Secretary-General AS FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Date: k Oct. 1966 PSCA. CR. 13 (11-64) DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AMD 3 October 1966 SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS JMQtjmm Political Affairs Division TWENTY-FIRST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY General Debate Meeting, 30 September 1966 VENEZUELA DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND Meeting No. SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS 30 September 1966 Political Affairs Division JMQ:pnm 21ST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY General Debate VENEZUELA The Foreign Minister of Venezuela, Dr. Ignacio Iribarren Borges, addressed the General Assembly on JO September 1966 (A/PV.1242). The Secretary-General The decision of the Secretary-General not to accept re-election to a new term was grave, as were its consequences for the United Nations. U Thant had said that he did not believe in the indispensability of any person. However, there were situations in which a person was indispensable and the United Nations and U Thant were faced with one of those situations. Guyana Venezuela was satisfied with the accession to independence of its neighbour, Guyana, and had fully supported its admission to the United Nations, without prejudice to Venezuela's territorial claims. Negotiations on this subject had been held between Venezuela and the United Kingdom, resulting in an agreement, concluded in Geneva on 1? February 1966, to solve the present dispute regarding the frontier between Venezuela and British Guyana. Under this agreement, to which Guyana became a party upon achieving its independence, a Joint Commission had been established. Venezuela paid tribute in this connexion to the function of the highest importance carried out by the United Nations through its Secretary-General. Viet-Nam Venezuela expressed the hope for a peaceful solution of the Viet-Nam conflict, which threatened to become a world-wide war. Venezuela could offer no formula for a solution but would lend its moral support to the use of appropriate peaceful means to put an end to a war which evidently could not have a military solution. -2- Reduction of world tensions As had previously been said, the present tension in the vorld would be reduced if positive progress could be achieved in the three following fields: in disarmament, in the elimination, or a significant diminution, of racial or ideological intolerance, and in the reorganization of international trade. The transfer to development purposes of funds now being used for armaments was a primary necessity. Such a step would also ease the pressure that the needy masses exercise in making their urgent demands. Denuclearization of Latin-America Venezuela fully supported plans for the denuclearization of Latin America, and had actively participated at the preparatory meetings held in Mexico City. The treaty on denuclearization would not be operative, however, unless on the one hand,it had the participation of all the countries in the region, and on the other, respect for the terms of the treaty would be guaranteed by the nuclear Powers. Venezuela hoped that the nuclear Powers would make this step possible as a collateral disarmament measure. Judgement of the International Court of Justice The decision of the International Court of Justice should have been no other than that of ratifying the obligation of the Republic of South Africa to give account of its mandate to the United Nations. The lack of decision on the substance of the matter implied deferment of the problem and of all the tensions involved. Apartheid Venezuela, whose people was an example of coexistence of all races, had time and again rejected the inexplicable creed of apartheid. Economic Development It was discouraging to observe signs of deterioration in the relative positions of the developing countries within the framework of world economy, and the role that was being played by the present forms of international trade in that unhappy evolution. This deterioration had been decisive in the slowing down of the rate of growth in Latin America. Existing differences in the economic levels of the developing countries and the economically developed countries have increased in the past five years. It was evident that the objectives of the "Development Decade" would not be achieved since the gap between those countries was widening rather than closing. -5- There vas a great need to review and reform the basis on which inter- national aid was now conceived. Only radical and profound changes in concepts and institutions would bring about changes in the sad future of world economy. The deterioration of the terms of trade, the reduction in the rate of growth, the instability of primary commodity prices, the restrictions which the industrial countries impose on the exports of manufactures and semi-manufactures, the stagna- tion of international aid and the "conditioned" loans are, among others, the causes of the alarm with which many international economic organizations view the present situation. Venezuela addressed an appeal to the developed countries so that they supply a more intense and continuous flow of long-term loans, while reducing the number of related credits or accepting reimbursement of part of the loans in industrialized goods, services and agricultural surpluses. Part of the funds reimbursed from the credits should also be reinvested in the beneficiary countries. DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AM? 3 October 1966 SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIRS DaeBrms Political Affairs Division TWENTY-FIRST SESSION OF THE GEHERAL ASSEMBLY GENERAL DEBATE meeting, 30 September 1966 CHILE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND Meeting No. I.k2k SECURITY COUNCIL AFFAIBS 30 September 1966 Political Affairs Division DdeB:ms 21ST SESSION OP THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY General Debate CHILE The Minister for External Relations of Chile, Dr. Gabriel Valdes, addressed the General Assembly on JO September 1966 (A/PV,ik2k). The Foreign Minister said that peace was threatened in many countries and had already been breached in Viet-Nam. It was threatened because of the insistence of Some States on nuclear tests, because of dictatorships and "messianic" objectives, because of racial and other discrimination, and the "irresponsible use of power", and because millions of people suffered from hunger, disease and insecurity. In the United Nations all States were equal and had an equal voice but opinions were not heeded when the special interests of the great Powers were involved. The concentration of technological progress and financial riches in the hands of a few countries and the colonialism of the past and the present explained, he said, the situation which had been described. United Nations Chile wished to reiterate its faith in the United Nations as the soundest instrument for international co-operation. Speaking of the conditions that would permit the strengthening of the Organization, the Foreign Minister said that the first and fundamental one was that of consolidating it as a place of transit for the creation of a sound and democratic political organization. Acceptance of greater obligations in respect of the Organization would make it possible to achieve the transformation of the precarious truths in which the world lived into the permanent peace that all hoped for. Secretary-General Chile expressed the earnest hope that the reasons which had prompted the Secretary-General's decision not to accept re-election would be overcome. The Foreign Minister stressed Chile's full support for the Secretary-General's view of the international situation and for his "concrete proposal" relating, respectively, - 2 - to the recognition of the need to create conditions of justice in the economic relations between nations and to the problem of South-East Asia. With the entry on the world scene of Continental China, the Foreign Minister added, this latter problem represented the "greatest challenge to our generation". Non-Proliferation It was urgently necessary to come to an agreement on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Chile considered that this was "the most important measure" within the framework of general disarmament. The Foreign Minister also expressed the view that it would not be possible to put a brake to the "nuclear race" unless "this type of armament" was destroyed. Peace-keeping The problem of peace-keeping should be examined independently of the question of disarmament negotiations. Establishment and strengthening of United Nations peace-keeping machinery was the best guarantee, the Foreign Minister said, against the abusive use of power. As peace was the responsibility of "all peoples", Chile accepted the concept of establishing a peace force "under the control of the United Nations". Arms Reduction The best proof of the goodwill of the great Powers and their true desire to achieve progress in the field of disarmament would be to begin the process of arms reduction and to devote a substantial part of the released resources to increase assistance to the developing countries. The developing countries also had the responsibility of reducing their armaments, and the great Powers should devote their determination and authority to the promotion of regional arms control. Denuclearization Chile earnestly hoped that Latin America would soon become a nuclear-free zone. The denuclearization of Latin America would make it possible to denuclearize a large area in the Pacific. This would constitute a contribution to non- proliferation and world denuclearization, and would be an example of positive action on behalf of peace. - 3 - Viet-Nam The Assembly had heard proposals for ending the war in Viet-Nam and the situation was so serious that replies to these proposals must not be "evasive" or merely qualified statements of "intentions". Chile thought that the principle of universality was linked to this problem, and though the road was not an easy one, it was convinced that merely negative attitudes would only increase tension throughout the world. German Question The Foreign Minister said that unfortunately, time would have to elapse before a United Germany would be seen again, as a result of self-determination, occupying in the U.N. the seat that rightly belonged to it. Economic and Social Matters The problem of development should have first priority in the process of bringing about peace. There had been some progress in this field, but a decision, "of a political nature", by the industrialized nations indicating their will to meet the needs of the developing world was still missing. The Foreign Minister referred to cooperative efforts within the Western Hemisphere seeking an alliance for economic, social and cultural development, open for participation to all, especially Europe, and expressed the view that there was a growing movement in Latin America to overcome the "archaic concept" of nationalism through the integration of the Latin American peoples. A set of "concrete ideas" for the acceleration of the process of unification had been put forward by five Governments at a recent meeting in Bogota. sugar Qxports to •tie- Ifeitsd Statssi is corsidex-s-d .by the I-fedLcaa Govsraiasst as an ecsaaple of the'usfe 'of .'scdhojsic'. policy as a political 'v/eapcsa* Also, President Jotesoa8s dseisicas to ::slok "dotiH. the 'impl^aontatioa of an aid pr-o'^ect of $20 Bdllicea :ia Fsns was' criticised ; i 5j t'fee''Peini triaa''GOTer2Sse3itB The -US 'measure was allegedly t;»ken as a reprisal ija of the' Sat-srests. of sa AgBfican oil company <= Peru's Go^eraaiaat dsnai^ied ati0ia for an iD.e,gsl- eapl€>itatloia fcy the es^jajsj/ of the ff8i*ea aai Pa^ifias5' •-oil dstfositSp .snh deolaTsd that it was eifea ready to resort to' :natdsaalisation if it 45,