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Surrealist Painting in Yogyakarta Martinus Dwi Marianto University of Wollongong
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1995 Surrealist painting in Yogyakarta Martinus Dwi Marianto University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Marianto, Martinus Dwi, Surrealist painting in Yogyakarta, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Wollongong, 1995. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1757 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] SURREALIST PAINTING IN YOGYAKARTA A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by MARTINUS DWI MARIANTO B.F.A (STSRI 'ASRT, Yogyakarta) M.F.A. (Rhode Island School of Design, USA) FACULTY OF CREATIVE ARTS 1995 CERTIFICATION I certify that this work has not been submitted for a degree to any other university or institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by any other person, except where due reference has been made in the text. Martinus Dwi Marianto July 1995 ABSTRACT Surrealist painting flourished in Yogyakarta around the middle of the 1980s to early 1990s. It became popular amongst art students in Yogyakarta, and formed a significant style of painting which generally is characterised by the use of casual juxtapositions of disparate ideas and subjects resulting in absurd, startling, and sometimes disturbing images. In this thesis, Yogyakartan Surrealism is seen as the expression in painting of various social, cultural, and economic developments taking place rapidly and simultaneously in Yogyakarta's urban landscape. -
Asuransi List Provider Agi 08 Nov 2017
LIST PROVIDER PT. ASURANSI AXA INDONESIA - ADMEDIKA 8-Nov-17 No Code Hospital Name Address Tel Number Fax Number RI RJ Allowed BALI BADUNG 001 5783 RS. KHUSUS BEDAH BIMC NUSA DUA BALI BLOK D KAWASAN BTDC NUSA DUA 0361-3000911| - Y Y ALL COVERAGE BANGLI 002 4898 RS. BANGLI MEDIKA CANTI JL. TIRTA GIRI KUTRI LCSUBAK AYA BEBALANG, BANGLI, BALI 0366-91555/93444| - Y Y ALL COVERAGE BULELENG 003 1451 RSU. PARAMASIDHI JL. A.YANI NO.171A 0362-29787, 32701,22426,| 0362-29787 Y Y ALL COVERAGE GP,SP,OP,DENTAL,LAB,RM-RI,RM-RJ,RM-RG,RM-KM,RM- 004 3422 LAB. PRODIA SINGARAJA JL. NGURAH RAI NO. 67 SINGARAJA 0362-24516| - N Y RB,PHAR 005 0870 RSU. KERTHA USADA JL. CENDRAWASIH, NO.5-7, SINGARAJA 0362-26277/8| 0362-22741 Y Y ALL COVERAGE DENPASAR GP,SP,OP,DENTAL,LAB,RM-RI,RM-RJ,RM-RG,RM-KM,RM- 006 2598 KLINIK & APOTEK KF 232 JL. RAYA KEROBOKAN 140, SEMINYAK, KUTA 0361 736163| N Y RB,PHAR GP,SP,OP,DENTAL,LAB,RM-RI,RM-RJ,RM-RG,RM-KM,RM- 007 2600 KLINIK & APOTEK KF 236 JL. DANAU BATUR RAYA, TM GRIYA, JIMBARAN 0361 8479785| - N Y RB,PHAR GP,SP,OP,DENTAL,LAB,RM-RI,RM-RJ,RM-RG,RM-KM,RM- 008 1825 LAB. PRODIA WIDYA HUSADHA JL. DIPONEGORO NO. 192 DENPASAR (0361) 261001| (0361) 236349 N Y RB,PHAR 009 1245 RSU. SURYA HUSADHA UBUNG JL. COKROAMINOTO, NO.356, DENPASAR 0361-425744| 0361-430557 Y Y ALL COVERAGE GP,SP,OP,DENTAL,LAB,RM-RI,RM-RJ,RM-RG,RM-KM,RM- 010 1202 KLINIK MERDEKA MEDICAL CENTER (MMC) MERDEKA VIII/2 TANJUNG BUNGKAK-DENPASAR 0361-233790| - N Y RB,PHAR 011 1273 RS. -
1 11103100105681 Irwadi Batubara, MM. Universitas Ibnu Chaldun M 2 11103100106543 Leonardus Subagyo, M.Sc
Hasil Laporan No. Nomor Sertifikat Nama Tempat Tugas Keterangan BKD BKD 1 11103100105681 Irwadi Batubara, MM. Universitas Ibnu Chaldun M 2 11103100106543 Leonardus Subagyo, M.Sc. Universitas Ibnu Chaldun M 3 11103100112471 Urhen Lukman, MA. Universitas Ibnu Chaldun M 4 08156103357 Ir. Mulki Siregar, MT. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 5 08156109369 Ir. Achmad Sutrisna, MT. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 6 08156110926 Muhammad Ali Yusuf, SE., M.Pd. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 7 08156110927 Farhana, SH., MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 8 091156100635 Edi Suhara, SE, MM. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 9 091156101331 Hamdan Azhar Siregar, SH, MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 10 091156102156 Ir. Untung Setiyo Purwanto, MT. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 11 091156105753 Endang Saefuddin Mubarok, SE, MM. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 12 101156100184 Siti Miskiah, SH., MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 13 101156100185 Mimin Mintarsih, SH,. MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 14 101156100186 Otom Mustomi, SH,. MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 15 11103100303161 Eka Sutisna, SE., MM. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 16 11103100306739 H. Lukman Achmad, SE., MM. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 17 11103100308546 Nur Aida, SH., M.Si. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 18 11103100309779 Ritawati, SH., MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 19 11103100315557 Bambang Sukamto, SH., MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 20 11103100316046 Fatimah, SH., MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 21 11103100318366 Yusri Ilyas, SE., MM. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 22 12103100313055 Untoro, SH., MH. Universitas Islam Jakarta M 23 08156211262 Tri Rumayanto, S.Si., M.Si. Universitas Jakarta M 24 08156210928 Jamalullail, S.IP, MM Universitas Jakarta M 25 091156200718 Dra. Dwi Murdiati, M.Hum. Universitas Jakarta M 26 091156202158 Dra. -
Negotiating Polygamy in Indonesia
Negotiating Polygamy in Indonesia. Between Muslim Discourse and Women’s Lived Experiences Nina Nurmila Dra (Bandung, Indonesia), Grad.Dip.Arts (Murdoch University, Western Australia), MA (Murdoch University) Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2007 Gender Studies - Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne ABSTRACT Unlike most of the literature on polygamy, which mainly uses theological and normative approaches, this thesis is a work of social research which explores both Indonesian Muslim discourses on polygamy and women’s lived experiences in polygamous marriages in the post-Soeharto period (after 1998). The thesis discusses the interpretations of the Qur’anic verses which became the root of Muslim controversies over polygamy. Indonesian Muslim interpretations of polygamy can be divided into three groups based on Saeed’s categorisation of the Muslim approaches to the Qur’an (2006b: 3). First, the group he refers to as the ‘Textualists’ believe that polygamy is permitted in Islam, and regard it as a male right. Second, the group he refers to as ‘Semi-textualists’ believe that Islam discourages polygamy and prefers monogamy; therefore, polygamy can only be permitted under certain circumstances such as when a wife is barren, sick and unable to fulfil her duties, including ‘serving’ her husband’s needs. Third, the group he calls ‘Contextualists’ believe that Islam implicitly prohibits polygamy because just treatment of more than one woman, the main requirement for polygamy, is impossible to achieve. This thesis argues that since the early twentieth century it was widely admitted that polygamy had caused social problems involving neglect of wives and their children. -
Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia Sekretariat Jenderal Pusat Pembinaan Profesi Keuangan
KEMENTERIAN KEUANGAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA SEKRETARIAT JENDERAL PUSAT PEMBINAAN PROFESI KEUANGAN DAFTAR KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK (KAP) YANG TELAH MEMPEROLEH IZIN DARI MENTERI KEUANGAN PER 26 JULI 2021 NO NAMA NO INDUK NO KMK TANGGAL KMK PEMIMPIN KAP ALAMAT NO TELP EMAIL 1 A. Kadir Rahman, Drs., Ak., M.M. 02.2.0498 KEP-109/KM.6/2002 08/05/2002 Abdul Kadir Rahman Jalan Gading Elok Timur V BN 2 No. 1, Kelapa Gading Permai, Jakarta Utara 14240 (021) 4532248 [email protected] 2 A. Salam Rauf, Drs., & Rekan 98.2.0167 KEP-932/KM.17/1998 22/10/1998 Iman Budiman Jl. Pancoran Barat X No. 7 RT. 010/004, Pancoran, Jakarta Selatan 12780 (021) 7948333 [email protected] Jalan Flamboyan Raya H 1 No. 9, Bumi Malaka Asri 3, Malakasari, Duren Sawit, Jakarta 3 Abdul Aziz Fiby Ariza 12.2.0921 856/KM.1/2012 10/08/2012 Abdul Aziz M.N. (021) 86602049, 8632184 [email protected] Timur 13460 Komplek Perumahan Keuangan Jl. Ambulombo III Nomor 11 Karang Tengah Ciledug RT (021) 22271950, (021) 4 Abdul Fattah Guliling 16.2.1074 832/KM.1/2016 25/08/2016 Abdul Fattah Guliling [email protected] 05/RW 06 15157 7304963 5 Abdul Ghonie & Rekan 16.2.1058 129/KM.1/2016 07/03/2016 Abdul Ghonie Abubakar Graha Satria I Lt. 3 Suite 304, Jalan R. S. Fatmawati No. 5, Jakarta Selatan 12430 (021) 7511744 [email protected] Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 50 6 Abdul Hamid dan Rekan 16.2.1094 1485/KM.1/2016 28/12/2016 Wilda Farah 021 7417874 [email protected] Perkantoran Ciputat Indah Permai Blok C30 7 Abdul Muntalib Dan Yunus 16.2.1059 124/KM.1/2016 07/03/2016 Yunus Pakpahan Jl. -
National Heroes in Indonesian History Text Book
Paramita:Paramita: Historical Historical Studies Studies Journal, Journal, 29(2) 29(2) 2019: 2019 119 -129 ISSN: 0854-0039, E-ISSN: 2407-5825 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v29i2.16217 NATIONAL HEROES IN INDONESIAN HISTORY TEXT BOOK Suwito Eko Pramono, Tsabit Azinar Ahmad, Putri Agus Wijayati Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang ABSTRACT ABSTRAK History education has an essential role in Pendidikan sejarah memiliki peran penting building the character of society. One of the dalam membangun karakter masyarakat. Sa- advantages of learning history in terms of val- lah satu keuntungan dari belajar sejarah dalam ue inculcation is the existence of a hero who is hal penanaman nilai adalah keberadaan pahla- made a role model. Historical figures become wan yang dijadikan panutan. Tokoh sejarah best practices in the internalization of values. menjadi praktik terbaik dalam internalisasi However, the study of heroism and efforts to nilai. Namun, studi tentang kepahlawanan instill it in history learning has not been done dan upaya menanamkannya dalam pembelaja- much. Therefore, researchers are interested in ran sejarah belum banyak dilakukan. Oleh reviewing the values of bravery and internali- karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk meninjau zation in education. Through textbook studies nilai-nilai keberanian dan internalisasi dalam and curriculum analysis, researchers can col- pendidikan. Melalui studi buku teks dan ana- lect data about national heroes in the context lisis kurikulum, peneliti dapat mengumpulkan of learning. The results showed that not all data tentang pahlawan nasional dalam national heroes were included in textbooks. konteks pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian Besides, not all the heroes mentioned in the menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua pahlawan book are specifically reviewed. -
2020; Tanggal 18 Agustus 2020 Tentang Penetapan Peserta Lulus Seleksi Jalur Mandiri Tumou Tou (T2) Tahun 2020 Pada Universitas Sam Ratulangi
LAMPIRAN: KEPUTUSAN REKTOR UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI NOMOR: 879/UN 12/PD/2020; TANGGAL 18 AGUSTUS 2020 TENTANG PENETAPAN PESERTA LULUS SELEKSI JALUR MANDIRI TUMOU TOU (T2) TAHUN 2020 PADA UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI NOMOR TES NAMA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER (KBK) 120101070209 ABRAHAM DOTULUNG 120101160056 AMANDA NATASHA RORING 120101210406 ANANDA PRICILIA SAMBULELE 120101130051 BELLANTY COSTANTY TOGAS 120101020171 BRENDA WONGKAREN 120101100202 BYRGITA YOHANA PANGEMANAN 120101120229 CHINDY FERNANDA MONGDONG 120101120018 CLEVER CHRISTOVE LEARNT LONTAAN 120101050177 DWIPANIA GLORY SETIAWAN PUTRI 120101190248 ELSHADAI TAMPI 120101020045 ESTELINA IRENE BENJAMIN 120101070070 ESTER RIBCHANIA SERAN 120101080194 ESTERIN FELICIA ANAADA TATAWI 120101110088 EUPHEMIA LARASTIKA MANUMPIL 120101030115 FEIBY CIUAILEEN TOLIU 120101090173 FEYSIRA CRISTI EKA PUTRI KOWEL 120101040224 FIORENZA ANGELIKA KINDANGEN 120101080101 FRANSISKUS VALENTINO LANGI 120101100181 GISELA SONIA MONICA PITOY 120101060087 GLORIA PINLY REY 120101170025 GRIFFITH CHRISTIANE IMANUELA RUMAGIT 120101190087 GUINEVERE MIKHA VICTORIA PAENDONG 120101040147 HAHOLONGAN EVLYN REZKY PASARIBU 120101140141 HANA NASRANI ERKHOMAI NATALIA NGANTUNG 120101070109 IMANUELA MARETHA JULIA SEMBEL 120101150024 IMANUELA PUTRI TIWOUW 120101080183 ISHAK ALVITO ASSA 120101210566 JENIFER MAGDALENA BOLANG 120101100155 JOHANA ELISSA MAWIKERE 120101020069 JOHANES JUAN FERNANDO NGONGOLOY 120101140033 JOSEPH SIMKA GINTING 120101190132 KALISTA LUMENTE 120101060152 MARCHELLA RACHEL NANANGKONG 120101020163 MARDHITA -
Nama Alamat Kota GLOBAL TELESHOP BEC BEC BANDUNG
Nama Alamat Kota GLOBAL TELESHOP BEC BEC BANDUNG LT UTAMA BLOK B02 BANDUNG JL PURNAWARMAN NO 1315 GLOBAL TELESHOP PAJAJARAN JL PAJAJARAN NO 45 BANDUNG GLOBAL TELESHOP PREMIER PLZ PREMIER PLZ LANTAI II BANDUNG JL CIHAMPELAS NO 129 GLOBAL TELESHOP RANGKAS BITUNG RANGKASBITUNG INDH PLZ LT DS5A BANTEN RANGKAS BITUNG GLOBAL TELESHOP BANYUWANGI JL BASUKI RAHMAT NO 67 BANYUWANGI GLOBAL TELESHOP CARREFOUR BEKASI CARREFOUR BEKASI LT.2 NO.6 BEKASI JL CHAIRIL ANWAR NO.2736 GLOBAL TELESHOP GIANT BEKASI GRAND MALL HIPERMARK UG.G107 BEKASI JL. RY KALIMALANG GLOBAL TELESHOP CIBARUSA JL RAYA CIBARUSA KMP PERGAULAN BEKASI CIKARANG GLOBAL TELESHOP BEKASI SQUARE BEKASI SQUARE LT.1 NO.17 BEKASI JL AHMAD YANI GLOBAL TELESHOP BIP CIMANGGU BOGOR INDAH PLAZA YOGYA BARU BOGOR RUKO 8 CIMANGGU GLOBAL TELESHOP SURYA KENCANA JL SURYA KENCANA RAYA 315 BOGOR GLOBAL TELESHOP PLZ JAMBU2 PLZ JAMBU DUA LT.1 BLOK B64 BOGOR GLOBAL TELESHOP MALL CIKAMPEK MALL CIKAMPEK LT DSR BL C155 CIKAMPEK JL RY A YANI NO76 GLOBAL TELESHOP JB PLZ CIKARANG GLOBAL TELESHOP PLZ JB CKRG BARU LT DSR #19 CIKARANG JL CIKARANG BARU JABABEKA GLOBAL TELESHOP RAMAYANA CILEGON MALL RAMAYANA LT. DASAR CILEGON JL RAYA SERANG GLOBAL TELESHOP GIANT CIMANGGIS GLOBAL TELESHOP GIANT SUPERSTORE CIMANGGIS CIMANGGIS LT DASAR JL RAYA BOGOR KM 31 GLOBAL TELESHOP GRAGE MAL GRAGE MALL LT DSR NO R121 CIREBON JL TENTARA PELAJAR NO 1 GLOBAL TELESHOP TIARA BALI JL LETJEN SUTOYO NO55 DENPASAR DENPASAR BALI GLOBAL TELESHOP NSCC BALI JL TEUKU UMAR NO 141 D DENPASAR BALI GLOBAL TELESHOP DEPOK MAL LT.1 DEPOK MALL LT -
F8eec2372988895a486eeb14f5fb07b8d581.Pdf
IJHS, e-ISSN 2597-4718, p-ISSN 2597-470X, Vol. 2, No. 2, March 2019, pp. 204 - 214 International Journal of Humanity Studies http://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/IJHS Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia THE ROLES BUDI UTOMO IN WOMEN’S ORGANIZATION MOVEMENTS IN 1928-1940 Brigida Intan Printina Sanata Dharma University [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2019.020210 received 10 December 2018; revised 9 January 2019; accepted 23 February 2019 Abstract This article is the result of research on the role of Budi Utomo as the driving force of women’s movement. The article attempts to describe the track records of women and their organizations during 1928-1940 which were inspired by Budi Utomo youth movement as a reformation movement of Indonesian people. The type of research is a historical research, i.e. the description of the roles of Budi Utomo as a motor of women’s movements during 1928-1940. The method employed in the research is a library study using historical analysis. The findings revealed the development of Budi Utomo movement and its roles in mobilizing women during 1928-1940. Keywords: Roles of Budi Utomo, movement, women’s organization Introduction Budi Utomo was the pioneer of women’s movements in Indonesia. At the beginning, woman emancipation movements were initiated by a personal transformation such as Kartini and Dewi Sartika. Later on, the movements found a clear direction after the reformation done by Budi Utomo. Women created a new tradition of not excluding themselves but exploring the outside world, so that Indonesian women could voice their wise reformation according to the character of the nation. -
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Karakter Taman Kota Studi Kasus : Taman Menteri Supeno Di Semarang
4th International Symposium of NUSANTARA URBAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE (NURI) “CHANGE + HERITAGE IN ARCHITECTURE + URBAN DEVELOPMENT” November 7th, 2009, Architecture Department of Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campuss Jl.Prof.H.Sudharto, SH, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Karakter Taman Kota Studi Kasus : Taman Menteri Supeno di Semarang Arief Aryo Adinata, ST1), Ir. Titien Woro Murtini, MSA2) ; Ir. Wijayanti, M.Eng3) Kota adalah merupakan wujud fisik yang Abstrak— Taman kota sebagai bagian dari ruang publik, dihasilkan oleh manusia dari waktu ke waktu yang sering tidak disadari oleh masyarakat kota akan bertungsi untuk mewadahi aktifitas hidup masyarakat kota peranannya di dalam menyelaraskan pola kehidupan kota yang kompleks dan luas. Oleh karena itu pertumbuhan yang sehat. Pemanfaatan ruang taman kota cenderung fisik kota sering menimbulkan permasalan bagi lingkungan rnenyimpang dari fungsinya, adanya perubahan aktifitas di perkotaan maupun sosial masyarakat kota. dalam taman menunjukan kekurang-pahaman masyarakat Salah satu kebutuhan kota adalah tersedianya kota di dalam memanfaatkan taman kota terhadap ruang-ruang terbuka untuk mewadahi kebutuhanan keseimbangan kehidupan lingkungan kota. masyarakat dalam melakukan aktifitas sekaligus untuk Makna yang sangat dalam mengenai kota yang mengendalikan kenyamanan iklim mikro dan keserasian berwawasan lingkungan adalah selalu menghadirkan estetikanya. taman yang hijau menjadi elemen utama yang tidak dapat Pada kenyataannya ruang terbuka di dalam kota ditinggalkan begitu saja. Bahkan karakter masyarakat sering terdesak oleh pertumbuhan massa dari gedung- sebuah kota dapat tercermin pada perilaku masyarakat kota gedung bangunan yang cenderung untuk menutup di dalam memanfaatkan taman kota. Begitu berperanya permukaan tanah sehingga dikhawatirkan terhadap taman kota terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat pengurangan infiltrasi air ke dalam tanah dan juga kota akan fasilitas ruang publik, sehingga memerlukan menimbulkan potensi iklim mikro menjadi panas. -
Soeharto, Militer Dan G 30 S/Pki
PERAN SOEHARTO DALAM PERISTIWA G 30 S/PKI Skripsi Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh Abdul Ghofur 103033227773 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA PERAN SOEHARTO DALAM PERISTIWA G 30 S/PKI Skripsi Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh Abdul Ghofur 103033227773 Dibawah Bimbingan Dr. Nawiruddin, MA. NIP. 19720105 200112 1003 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA i KATA PENGANTAR Puji serta rasa syukur, penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan taufik hidayahNya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam semoga selalu tercurahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang telah memberikan dan menunjukan jalan kebenaran yakni Islam kepada umat manusia di seluruh alam semesta. Selanjutnya, dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis banyak mengalami hambatan dan pudarnya rasa semangat dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini dalam rangka memperoleh gelar sarjana, namun berkat bantuan, dorongan dan semangat dari berbagai pihak, baik berupa moril dan materil, semua kesulitan tersebut dapat di atasi. Oleh karena itu, sudah sepantasnya pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan rasa terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada : 1. Ketua Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Bapak Prof. Dr. Bachtiar Effendi, MA. 2. Sekretaris Jurusan Ilmu Politik Bapak Zaki Mubarak, MA. 3. Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi, Bapak Dr. Nawirudin, MA. Terima kasih atas pengarahan dan kritikan kepada penulis sampai selesainya skripsi ini. Semoga Allah selalu memberikan keberkahan yang berlimpah, amin. -
Changing Images of Women and Java
Background paper for presentation by Sita van Bemmelen and Mies Grijns: Locating the Discourse on Gender Identity in Indonesia: an Exploration of the Scholarly Literature, Panel 9, Parallel Session 3, July 13, 2005. WHAT HAS BECOME OF THE SLENDANG? CHANGING IMAGES OF WOMEN AND JAVA Sita van Bemmelen and Mies Grijns The images of women in Java as depicted in academic studies, like their realities, have changed over the last half-century. An illuminating analogue can be found in the use of the slendang, a wide shawl originally made from batik cloth or from lurik, a striped coarsely woven material for daily use. To us, the transformation of the slendang over the past decades runs parallel to the development of studies on women in Java. The slendang is a predominantly female attribute, used by women and girls. Men occasionally use a slendang, but only for carrying small children. The anthropologist Hildred Geertz describes the slendang in the 1950s as more than just a piece of cloth for practical use: “Carrying a baby in a shawl is called nggéndong; and it is this action that is usually re-enacted as symbolic of the mother’s total care — for instance, at the wedding ceremony or at the harvest when the first ears of rice are carried home in a slendang. The slendang represents complete security…” (Geertz 1961:94). Women also use the slendang as a working “tool,” to transport other loads than babies such as firewood, trading goods, or jamu. The saying “sapikul, sagendong” depicts the different ways men and women carry goods: men in two baskets on a bamboo shoulder-pole, women in one basket fastened in a slendang on their backs.