BAB 2 SEJARAH WULING DI INDONESIA 2.1 Masuk Nya Industri

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BAB 2 SEJARAH WULING DI INDONESIA 2.1 Masuk Nya Industri BAB 2 SEJARAH WULING DI INDONESIA 2.1 Masuk nya Industri Otomotif Indonesia Kendaraan bermotor pertama, dalam hal ini sepeda motor, tiba di Indonesia pada tahun 1893, 119 tahun yang lalu. Walaupun pada masa itu Indonesia berada di bawah pendudukan Belanda dan bernama Hindia Belanda, tetapi orang pertama yang memiliki kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia bukanlah orang Belanda, melainkan orang Inggris yang bernama John C Potter yang bekerja sebagai masinis pertama di pabrik Gula Oemboel, Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Dalam buku Kreta Setan (de duivelswagen), Autopioniers van Insulinde, F.F. Habnit, moesson reeks, 1977, dikisahkan pada tahun 1893, John C Potter memesan langsung sebuah sepeda motor ke pabrik nya, Hildebrand un Wolfmuller, di Munchen, Jerman. (Luluhima, 2012) Satu tahun sesudah nya, pada tahun 1894, mobil pertama tiba di pelabuhan Semarang. Dengan demikian, mobil pertama hadir di Indonesia, hanya delapan tahun setelah mobil pertama buatan Jerman. Mobil itu bermerek Benz Viktoria beratap terpal milik Soesoehoenan Soekarta Pakoe Boewono X, beliau memesan mobil itu melalui perusahaan Prottle & Co yang berlokasi di Pasar Besar di Surabaya. Pakoe Boewono X memesan mobil itu melalui perusahaan Prottle7Co yang berlokasi di Pasar Besar di Surabaya. Prottle & Co menjual barang-barang impor seperti mebel, tempat tidur, piano, mobil-mobilan buat anak-anak, kereta kuda, dan kemudian juga mnejual mobil. Berbagai merk mobi didatangkanoleh perusahaan yang berlokasi di Surabaya itu. Pakoe Boewono X tercatat sebagai orang pertama di Hindia Belanda yang memiliki mobil. Namun, yang patut diberikan pujian atas terwujudnya hal itu adalah penasihatnya, Orang Belanda. Ia adalah orang yang mendorong pakoe Boewono X untuk membeli mobil dan mengendarainya. Itu pasti bukanlah hal yang mudah, mengingat pada masa itu orang berpergian dengan menggunakan kuda, atau kereta yang dihela oleh kuda. (Luluhima, 2012) Benz kedua hadir di Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1897. Pemiliknya adalah H Prottle, keturunan Jerman,salah seorang pemilik Prottle&Co. Ia tercatat sebagai orang ketiga yang menggunakan kendaraan bermotor di Hindia Belanda, setelah John C Potter dan Pakoe Boewono X. Benz milik AH Prottle itu adalah Benz Velo Tipe nyamannya, model Benz pertama yang menggunakan jari-jari besi dan ban yang berisi udara. Dan, menurut instruksi yang terdapat pada mobil itu, mobil itu harus berhenti setiap 10 kilometer untuk mengisi air 19 20 radiator. Sedangkan mobil Peugeot berikutnya yang dating pada tahun 1899 adalah kepunyaan Ir. Jan A Stoop, warga Surabaya, yang bekerja di penyulingan minyak di Depok. Berbagai Merek Mobil pun kemudian meramaikan ruas jalan-jalan di Hindia Belanda, baik itu mobil yang digerakan oleh mesin pembakaran atau mesin Uap. 2.2 Masuk nya Otomotif Buatan Jepang di Indonesia Dalam buku yang ditulis james luhulima dituliskan, bahwa Kebanyakan masyarakat mungkin tidak mengetahui bahwa kapan persis mobil jepang masuk ke Indonesia. Namun jika bertanya kepada seseorang yang sudah berusia 45 tahun mereka akan menjawab sekitar tahun 1965 dan mobil tersebut adalah jip Toyotas Canvas yang merupakan mobil jepang pertama yang masuk ke Indonesia. Jawaban dari Toyota Canvas tersebut bisa dikatakan bahwa pada 1965 orang tua nya memiliki mobil tersebut. Ataupun bisa juga didapat dengan menyaksikan film pengkhianatan G30S/PKI yang dimana dalam film tersebut terdapat Pangkostrad Mayor jendral Soeharto mengendarai jip toyota canvas. Ini menjadi bukti bahwa Jip toyota canvas inilah produk jepang pertama yang masuk di Indonesia, akan tetapi jip tersebut masuk sekitar 4 tahun lebih awal yakni tahun 1961. Sekitar tahun 1961 sudah ada sekitar 100 unit Toyota Land Cruiser yang beratap canvas yang dibeli oleh Departemen Transmigrasi, Koperasi, dan pembangunan Masyaraakat Desa yang nanti akan digunakan untuk mengadakan Musyawarah Nasional Koperasi di Surabaya. (Luhulima : 2012) Pada tahun 1962, Kendaraan merk Jepang mulai masuk ke Indonesia, yaitu Kendaraan yang biasa disebut Bemo yakni Daihatsu Midget. Dan tak berapa Lama setelah Bemo masuk, Kendaraan lain nya seperti Mazda 600 atau yang sering disebut Mazda kotak dan Jip Nissan patrol pun masuk juga ke Indonesia, hingga akhir nya merk lain nya seperti Daihatsu, Honda, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, dan Subaru pun berbondong – bondong masuk ke Indonesia juga, Kehadiran Merk-merk dari jepang tersebut membuat Pemerintah Indonesia pada tahun 1969 membuat peraturan yang dimana para perusahaan Mobil dari luar Indonesia untuk mendirikan agen tunggal pemegang Merk (ATPM), Tak berlangsung lama, para merk Jepang tersebut langsung menanggapi nya dengan respon positif untuk memasarkan produk nya, hingga pada tahun 1970 berdiri beberapa perusahaan seperti PT Astra Motor sebagai perusahaan yang memasarkan merk Toyota, lalu ada Honda dari Perusahaan Imora Motor sebagai ATPM nya. Dan pada tahun 1972, Suzuki dari dari PT Indomobil Utama dan PT KYTB ( Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian) yang memasarkan Mitsubishi. Masuk nya kendaraan Mitsubishi yang pada awal nya dijadikan sebagai kendaraan untuk penunjang pembangunan 21 Indonesia dalam bidang ekonomi dan Transportasi. Hingga akhir nya 4 tahun kemudian, PT Pantja Motor sebagai ATPM dari Isuzu dan PT Indokarya sebagai Pemegang Merk Datsun/Nissan pun didirikan di Indonesia. (Luluhima, 2012) 2.3 Masuk nya Otomotif buatan China di Indonesia Melihat Realita nya, Negara China yang merupakan negara dengan Jumlah penduduk terbanyak serta sudah mengalami reformasi Ekonomi, Membuat Negara Tirai bambu yang dikenal sebagai negara miskin saat seperempat abad yang lalu seperti negara komunis lain nya pasca bubar nya soviet, Kini mulai Menjelma menjadi salah satu negara industri terpenting di planet ini. China pun mulai meningkat kan Produksi dalam negeri nya untuk di ekspo ke berbagai negara yang memiliki Potensi Keuntungan tinggi, Salah satu nya Negara Indonesia, berbagai Produk asal Tiongkok ini pun banyak tersebar di Indonesia, Salah satu nya Produk Otomotif nya. Di awal tahun 2006 muncul kendaraan China pertama yaitu Chery QQ yang merupakan city car, Mobil ini dipersenjatai dengan mesin 3 silinder 1100cc dan cukup laris karena ditawarkan dengan harga 50an juta rupiah saja atau seharga Suzuki Karimun kotak bekas. Model mewah dari Chery yang hadir di Indonesia adalah Chery Tiggo yang merupakan SUV sekelas Suzuki Grand Vitara dengan 5 pintu dan memiliki ciri khas berupa ban cadangan di pintu dan spion tanduk disebelah kiri yang lagi-lagi mirip Grand Vitara. Di Indonesia, nasib Chery mulai terkatung-katung pada tahun 2009. Pada tahun 2011, Indomobil akhirnya memutus hubungan dengan Chery setelah penjualannya yang tidak sesuai harapan beberapa tahun sebelumnya dengan alasan kualitasnya yang tidak sesuai harapan. Dari beberapa produk China yang berkembang, produk Wuling merupakan produk yang paling berani sebab telah embuka pabrik sendiri di Indonesia. Modal investasi yang ditanam perusahaan yang menginduk ke General Motor ini mencapai 700 juta dolar AS atau 9,3 triliun rupiah. Untuk layanan purna jual, Wuling bahkan sudah membuat 50 lebih dealer dan bengkel resmi yang tersebar di penjuru tahah air. Produk pertama dari Wuling ini adalah Wuling Confero atau yang ditempat aslinya dikenal dengan nama Wuling Baojun atau di India dikenal dengan nama Chevrolet Enjoy. Dijual dengan harga mulai dari 128 juta rupiah membuat mobil ini cukup heboh di linimasa media sosial. Beberapa saat yang lalu, Wuling kembali memasarkan produknya bernama Wuling Cortez yang dijual mulai dari 180 jutaan. (Mobilmotorlama.com, 2018). 22 Mungkin karena itulah teknologi yang diusung kedua mobil Wuling pertama di Indonesia tadi memiliki perbedaan yang cukup jauh. Wuling Confero memakai teknologi GM karena ada campur tangan GM disana sementara Wuling Cortez memakai teknologi SAIC atau Guangxi yang membuat mesin 1800cc mobil ini konon merupakan fotokopi dari mesin 2ZZ-FE milik Toyota. 2.3.1 Profil Wuling Di negara asalnya, perusahaan mobil terbesar se Tiongkok ini memiliki komposisi berupa 50,1% SAIC, 44% General Motor dan sisanya Guangxi Automobile Group (Wuling.id, 2016). Industri otomotif yang terjatuh di 2015, sempat diperparah dengan keputusan General Motors menutup pabrik perakitan Chevrolet Spin di Pondok Ungu Bekasi, Jawa Barat, mulai Juni 2016 lalu. Tetapi, potensi Indonesia masih besar dibuktikan dengan masuknya investasi segar lain juga dari otomotif. Kementerian Kerindustrian menginformasikan kalau investasi pabrik untuk produksi MPV di Indonesia, diestafetkan kepada perusahaan "saudara" SGMW Motor Indonesia melalui merek Wuling. Gelontoran investasinya juga tak main-main, mencapai 700 juta dolar AS atau Rp 9,34 triliun. Komposisi saham PT SGMW Motor Indonesia dikuasai SAIC, salah satu perusahaan otomotif terbesar di China dengan kepemilikan saham 50,1 persen. Baru kemudian ada General Motors China sebesar 44 persen, dan sisanya Guangxi Automobile Group (Wuling) dengan 5,9 persen saham. Fakta lainnya mengenai pendatang baru asal China ini, mereka sudah memastikan bakal memiliki pabrik seluas 60 hektar di Greenland International Industrial Center (GIIC), Block BA No 1 dan 2 Sukamahi, Cikarang Pusat, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, yang pembangunannya rampung tahun ini. Pembagiannya, 30 hektar untuk pabrik, dan 30 hektar lainnya untuk Supplier Park. Nantinya, setelah resmi beroperasi, kapasitas produksi maksimal pabrik SGMW mencapai 150.000 unit per tahun. Pembangunan pabrik di Indonesia ini dianggap sebagai langkah strategis, di mana tidak hanya untuk pasar dalam negeri, tetapi juga menjadikannya basis ekspor untuk pasar Asia Tenggara. Wuling Hongguang
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