DOCSLIB.ORG

The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642-1650, by Ben Coates

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642-1650, by Ben Coates The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642-1650, by Ben Coates. Abstract. The purpose of this thesis is to ask to what extent and in what ways the economy of London was affected by the English Civil War. This w ill be placed in the context of the evolution o f London’s economy and society in the 16th and 17th centuries. Comparisons with the impact of the C ivil War on the economy of other parts of England will be made. The focus w ill be on the short term effects of the C ivil War. In the first part of thesis the impact on the economy of London of Parliamentary taxation, loans and contracts for Parliament’s war effort w ill be assessed, as well as the policies of economic blockade pursued by the belligerents. Subsequently the impact of disruption brought about by the English C ivil War on the major props of the London economy w ill be examined, namely London’s role in the internal and external trades of England, and manufacturing in London. It w ill be argued that the C ivil War caused a major economic crisis in London partly because the economy of the metropolis rested on its interrelationship with the test of England, and also because of its function as the capital as the centre for the social and economic networks of the kingdom. The Civil War disrupted those networks. However the impact of the war was limited because the disruption of the national economic networks was partial, and because different aspects were disrupted at different times. The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642-1650 Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor o f Philosophy at the University of Leicester. Ben Coates, Centre for Urban History University of Leicester. June 1997. UMI Number: U095656 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U095656 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Contents Abbreviations and conventions___________________________________2 Prsface _______________________________________________________5. 1 London on the Eve of the English Civil War_____________________£ 2 The Civil War and the English Economy______________________28 3 Parliamentary Taxation and Levies ___________________________4 7 Appendix. Receipts from Parliamentary Taxation 91 4 Parliamentary Loans and Finance ____________________________93 5 Supplying Parliaments Armed Forces _______________________120 6 Economic Warfare --------------------------------------------------------------------- LS2 7 Domestic Trade and Consumption __________________________UL8 8 International Trade and Shipping _________________________123 9 Manufacturing Industry -------------------------------------------------------------- If if i 10 Economic Trends In London Purina the English Revolution U S Conclusion ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21£ Bibliography _____________________________________________ 2 2 0 1 Abbreviations and conventions Place of publication is London unless otherwise stated. Dates are given in the old style except that the year is taken to begin on 1 January. Barts. St Bartholomew’s Hospital, East Smithficld, Archives. BL British Library. Add. MS Additional manuscript. E Thomason Tracts, pamphlets and newsbooks. 669 Thomason Tracts, broadsides. Harl. MS Harieian manuscript. CHOC Oriental and India Office Collections. Bodl. Bodleian Li bran . c c a m M . A. E. Green, (ed.), Calendar of the Proceedings of the Committee for Advance of Money. 1642-1654. (3 vols., 1888). ccgp M. A. E. Green, (ed.), Calendar of the Proceedings of the Committee for Compounding. 1643-1660. (5 vols., 1889- 1892). CCME1C E. B. Sainsbury, (ed.), A Calendar of the Court Minutes etc. of the East India Company. 1635-71. (11 vols. Oxford, 1909- 1938). CH Cloth workers’ Company Hall Archives. 01 Journal of the House of Commons. CLRO Corporation of London Record Of fice. Jour. Journal of the Court of Common Council. Rep. Repertory of the Court of Aldermen. W. J. Hardy, (ed.), Middlesex Countv Records. Calendar of the Session Bcx)ks, (21 Abbreviations vols., typescript, 1911-23, consulted at the Greater London Library). CSP Coi Calendar of State Papers Colonial. CSPD Calendar of State Papers Domestic. £SEV Calendar of State Papers Venetian. om L. Stephens and S. Lee, (cds.) Dictionary of National Biography. (63 vols., 1885-19(X)). EcHR Economic History Review. HiB English Historical Review. Firth & Rail C. H. Firth and R. S. Rait, (cds.), The Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum. 1642- 1660. (3 vols., 1911). GL Guildhall Library. GLRO Greater London Record Office. HJ Historical Journal. HMC Roval Commission on Historical Manuscripts. JBS Journal of British Studies. Larkin J. F Larkin, (ed.) Stuart Proclamations. Volume 11. Roval Proclamations of Charles 1. 1625-1646. (Oxford, 1983). U Journal of the House of Lords. Mfcd The Mariner's Mirror. O ffi J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, The Oxford English Dictionary. (2nd edition, Oxford, 1989). P&P Past and Present. ftnvell& Timings J. R. Powell and E. K. Timings, Documents Relating to the Civil War. 1642-1648. (Naval Record Society, 1963). PRO Public Record Office. Adm Admiralty. AO Audit Office. C Chancery. E Exchequer. HCA High Court of Admiralty. 3 Abbreviations SP State Papers. Rushworth Collections J. Rushworth, Historical Collections of Private Passages of State. (8 vols., second edition, 1721-2). TRHS Transactions of the Roval Historical Society. m i Victoria Countv History . WAC Westminster City Archive Centre. Whitelocke, Memorials B. Whitelocke, Memorials of English Affairs. (4 vols., Oxford, 1853). 4 Preface This thesis is a revised version of that which I originally submitted in October 1995. It w as then referred by the examiners for alterations. Because of the constraints of the word limit, draft chapters w hich dealt w ith the sen ice sector, and the social consequences of the economic impact of the civil wars, had to be omitted. I hope to be able to present my findings in the omitted chapters clsew here at a later date. Any doctoral student’s first debt of gratitude must be to his supervisor; in my case Professor Peter Clark. 1 thank him for his encouragement, patience and criticism. Professor Clark is responsible for the creation and continued success of the Urban History Centre at Leicester University, w ithout which I would probably never have embarked on this thesis. Its continuance is a major achievement in the climate of financial stringency which has afflicted Higher Education since the 1980s. I must also thank my examiners, Dr Vanessa Harding and Dr Paul Griffiths, for their unfailing encouragement and assistance in the re-drafting of this thesis, w hich has undoubtedly immeasurably improved it from the text with which they had previously to cope. A great number of people who have worked at the Centre for Urban History have provided me with help and support while I have been working on this project, especially Dr YohKawanaand Phil Know les w ith w hom I have enjoyed innumerable discussions about my work. My thanks are also due to Dr Ian Roy, Professor John M iller, Dr Richard Hoyle and Professor Henry Roseveare for all their ideas and assistance. I would also like to thank Dr Stephen Porter for generously sharing his own work on the economy of Civil War London w ith me. I must also record my considerable debt to the staff at the various record officers and libraries listed in the Bibliography , especially the Public Record Office and the Guildhall. I would particularly like to thank David Wickham, archivist of the Clothw orkers’ Company , for all his help and hospitality. Finally I must thank Mrs Rosalind Collier, w ho also happens to be my mother, for her untiring efforts to teach me to write and think for as long as I can remember. All the faults, omissions, mistakes and misconceptions arc, of course, entirely my own work. Financially this thesis was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council, w ho granted me a research studentship from 1991 to 1994, and by the unfailing generosity of my grandparents, Mrs Pam Cohen and the late M r Leo Cohen, both financially and otherwise. 5 1. London on the Eve of the English Civil War An analysis of the impact of the English Civil War would be impossible without a close examination of the pre-war condition of the economy of London. Did the war affect an economy which was already in crisis, or one which was fundamentally strong and prosperous? There is no single answer to this question, partly because London's economy was so diverse, with some parts growing more strongly and some clearly declining. It was originally intended to include the entire metropolis in this study, but this has proved impractical in terms of the permitted word limit, it was therefore decided to focus on London’s closely interrelated trading and manufacturing sectors. This means that very little attention will be paid to the ‘west end’ , dominated by the Royal Court, the law and the landowning elite, that is to say, the sen ice sector. Although this sector was interconnected with the other parts of the economy it was also relatively discrete, in a number of respects the impact of the war on the service sector was distinct and therefore deserving of fuller consideration than is possible here.1 (i) Demography and Social Structures The development of the economy of London needs to be placed in its demographic context. Throughout the early modem period it dwarfed all other English cities and was grow ing very fast.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • London Clerical Workers 1880-1914: the Search for Stability
    London Clerical Workers 1880-1914: The Search For Stability By Michael Heller (University College London, University of London) Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in July 2003 UMI Number: U602595 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U602595 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Contents Abstract............................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements........................................................................................... 4 Introduction................................................................................................ 5 Chapters: 1. A Definition of the Late Victorian and Edwardian London........ Clerk35 2. Work, Income, Promotion and Stability.................................................68 3. The Clerk, the Office and Work............................................................108 4. Attitudes of the Clerk towards Work.....................................................142
    [Show full text]
  • Steven CA Pincus James A. Robinson Working Pape
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHAT REALLY HAPPENED DURING THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION? Steven C.A. Pincus James A. Robinson Working Paper 17206 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17206 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 July 2011 This paper was written for Douglass North’s 90th Birthday celebration. We would like to thank Doug, Daron Acemoglu, Stanley Engerman, Joel Mokyr and Barry Weingast for their comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Dan Bogart, Julian Hoppit and David Stasavage for providing us with their data and to María Angélica Bautista and Leslie Thiebert for their superb research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2011 by Steven C.A. Pincus and James A. Robinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. What Really Happened During the Glorious Revolution? Steven C.A. Pincus and James A. Robinson NBER Working Paper No. 17206 July 2011 JEL No. D78,N13,N43 ABSTRACT The English Glorious Revolution of 1688-89 is one of the most famous instances of ‘institutional’ change in world history which has fascinated scholars because of the role it may have played in creating an environment conducive to making England the first industrial nation.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Economics in Great Britain : Development Outlook After Technological Revolution the 17Th Century
    History of economics in Great Britain : development outlook after technological revolution the 17th century Zhuravlev Andrey, teacher of history Yadrin Alexander, M.S., teacher of economics Karinskaya school, Moscow region, Russia The economic history of the United Kingdom deals with the economic history of England and Great Britain from 1500 to the early 21st century. (For earlier periods see Economy of England in the Middle Ages and Economic history of Scotland). After becoming one of the most prosperous economic regions in Europe between 1600 and 1700,[2] Britain led the industrial revolution and dominated the European and world economy during the 19th century. It was the major innovator in machinery such as steam engines (for pumps, factories, railway locomotives and steamships), textile equipment, and tool-making. It invented the railway system and built much of the equipment used by other nations. As well it was a leader in international and domestic banking, entrepreneurship, and trade. It built a global British Empire. After 1840 it abandoned mercantilism and practised "free trade," with no tariffs or quotas or restrictions. The powerful Royal Navy protected its global holdings, while its legal system provided a system for resolving disputes inexpensively. Between 1870 and 1900, economic output per head of population in Britain and Ireland rose by 500 percent, generating a significant rise in living standards. However, from the late 19th century onwards Britain experienced a relative economic decline as other nations such as the United States and Germany caught up. In 1870, Britain's output per head was the second highest in the world after Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • George Unwin: a Manchester Economic Historian Extraordinary
    gareth.jones Section name George Unwin: a Manchester economic historian extraordinary by T A B Corley 2002 435 Henley Business School University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AA United Kingdom www.henley.reading.ac.uk - 1 - [SECOND DRAFT] George Unwin: A Manchester Economic Historian Extraordinary T.A.B. Corley University of Reading I George Unwin held the prestigious chair of economic history at Manchester from 1910 until he died in 1925. During that decade and a half, he built up the reputation of economic history in Britain by a unique combination of two distinct qualities. He is credited as having had one of the most penetrating and philosophical minds ever to be attracted to this discipline.1 He also brought to his research an intellectual rigour, involving a scientific approach through intensive study of original sources. His influence over the development of economic and social history was thus a far- reaching one. Even so, Unwin has been to some extent overlooked. He failed to be included among the worthies in the Dictionary of National Biography’s supplement for 1922- 30 (1937): an omission to be rectified in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004).2 However, he was given a two-page entry in the International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences in 19683, and all his four books were reprinted during that decade. A more extended treatment of his career, as the ‘Founder of the Manchester school of economic history’, by D.A. Farnie, was published in 2001.4 The present, somewhat broader, account of his life and professional achievements therefore seeks to demonstrate that Unwin is well worth recalling in a new century.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Transport Systems in the UK
    The history of transport systems in the UK Future of Mobility: Evidence Review Foresight, Government Office for Science The history of transport systems in the UK Professor Simon Gunn Centre for Urban History, University of Leicester December 2018 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr Aaron Andrews for his help with the research for this review, especially for creating the graphs, and Georgina Lockton for editing. The review has benefited from the input of an Advisory Group consisting of Professor Colin Divall (University of York); Professor Gordon Pirie (University of Cape Town); Professor Colin Pooley (Lancaster University); Professor Geoff Vigar (University of Newcastle). I thank them all for taking time to read the review at short notice and enabling me to draw on their specialist expertise. Any errors remaining are, of course, mine. This review has been commissioned as part of the UK government’s Foresight Future of Mobility project. The views expressed are those of the author and do not represent those of any government or organisation. This document is not a statement of government policy. This report has an information cut-off date of February 2018. The history of transport systems in the UK Executive summary The purpose of this review is to summarise the major changes affecting transport systems in the UK over the last 100 years. It is designed to enable the Foresight team to bring relevant historical knowledge to bear on the future of transport and mobility. The review analyses four aspects of transport and mobility across the twentieth century. The first section identifies significant points of change in the main transport modes.
    [Show full text]
  • Why the Industrial Revolution Was British: Commerce, Induced Invention, and the Scientific Revolution Author(S): R
    Why the industrial revolution was British: commerce, induced invention, and the scientific revolution Author(s): R. C. ALLEN Source: The Economic History Review, Vol. 64, No. 2 (MAY 2011), pp. 357-384 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Economic History Society Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41262428 Accessed: 29-10-2018 16:15 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Economic History Society, Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Economic History Review This content downloaded from 168.122.222.242 on Mon, 29 Oct 2018 16:15:11 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Economie History Review, 64, 2 (2011), pp. 357-384 Why the industrial revolution was British: commerce, induced invention, and the scientific revolution1 By R. C. ALLEN Britain had a unique wage and price structure in the eighteenth century, and that structure is a key to explaining the inventions of the industrial revolution. British wages were very high by international standards, and energy was very cheap. This configuration led British firms to invent technologies that substituted capital and energy for labour. High wages also increased the supply of technology by enabling British people to acquire education and training.
    [Show full text]
  • Governing England: Devolution and Funding 1 Governing England: Devolution and Funding About Governing England
    Governing England: Devolution and funding 1 Governing England: Devolution and funding About Governing England Contents Foreword 2 Akash Paun About Governing England 3 1. Funding England: a review of the issues 4 Iain McLean 2. How England is funded 11 Martin Rogers and Alun Evans 3. Equalisation, incentives and discretion in English local public service provision 35 David Phillips 4. An exploration of the issues raised by the move towards to 100% Business Rate Retention 53 Aileen Murphie 5. Funding combined authorities and city regions 63 Tony Travers About the authors 72 Acknowledgements 73 2 Governing England: Devolution and funding Foreword By Akash Paun Foreword The British Academy’s Governing England programme was established in 2016 to explore questions about England’s governance, institutions and identity. One central focus of this work has been the English devolution agenda, looking at how successive governments have tried (occasionally successfully) to devolve power to England’s cities, towns and regions. During the course of the programme, the Academy has hosted a series of events across England, which have informed the production of two previous reports. The first, Governing England: Devolution and mayors in England (2017), examined the ‘devolution deals’ negotiated between central government and local authorities since 2015, leading to the election of ‘metro mayors’ in seven English city-regions. The second, Governing England: Devolution and public services (2018), investigated the impact (actual and potential) of devolution in three important areas of public policy: health and social care, skills, and infrastructure. A common theme emerging from this past work is that devolution cannot achieve its full potential as a mechanism for transforming the governance of England so long as the system for funding public services and local government remains unreformed and highly centralised.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Research Note: 'Brexit and Real Estate'
    OAK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP JUNE (2) 2016 Brexit and Real Estate If General de Gaulle had not lost a popular referendum in France in 1969 (by a margin of 52/48) maybe the Britain would not have been admitted finally into the EEC in 1973. Britain had tried to join twice in 1963 and 1967. De Gaulle sensed with his intimate knowledge of the British from his wartime sojourn in London and North Africa that they could not belong to his vision for European co-operation. Maybe it was their merchant- nature, their pragmatism or their ruthlessness. Certainly, all of these characteristics were on display when the UK voted to leave the European Union on 23rd June 2016. Economically speaking, the EEC/EU had served the UK well between accession in 1973 and the financial crash of 2008 but then the block has failed to recover its GDP, its vivacity and its allure for UK voters. Unlike other European countries the community / Union was never a political project - so when the tangible economic argument was lost in the minds of the people, all the political irritants that had been boiling away for over forty years came to the fore. ‘Taking back control’ - the slogan of the leave campaign was predominantly a political not an economic argument. Now that the people of the UK have made a political decision (decision is derived from the Latin to cut), the economic question of free market access comes back to the fore. On what basis may goods and services be sold to and from the European continent? The UK is exposed as never before since (perhaps even including) the time of Napoleon to ‘fortress’ Europe that has mercantilism in its DNA - and which the UK found so restrictive when it was part of the EU.
    [Show full text]
  • Destination London the Expansion of the Visitor Economy
    DESTINATION LONDON THE EXPANSION OF THE VISITOR ECONOMY EDITED BY ANDREW SMITH and ANNE GRAHAM Destination London: The Expansion of the Visitor Economy Edited by Andrew Smith and Anne Graham University of Westminster Press www.uwestminsterpress.co.uk Published by University of Westminster Press 115 New Cavendish Street London W1W 6UW www.uwestminsterpress.co.uk Text © the editors and several contributors 2019 First published 2019 Cover and back cover image: Diana Jarvis; Front cover image: Tristan Luker Print and digital versions typeset by Siliconchips Services Ltd. ISBN (Paperback): 978-1-912656-26-4 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-912656-27-1 ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-912656-28-8 ISBN (Kindle): 978-1-912656-29-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book35 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying and distributing the work, provid ing author attribution is clearly stated, that you are not using the material for commercial purposes, and that modified versions are not distributed. The full text of this book has been peer-reviewed to ensure high academic standards. For full review policies, see: http://www.uwestminsterpress.co.uk/ site/publish. Suggested citation: Smith, A. and Graham, A. (eds.) 2019. Destination London: The Expansion of the Visitor Economy. London: University of Westminster Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book35 License: CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 To read the free, open access version of this book online, visit https://doi.org/10.16997/ book35 or scan this QR code with your mobile device: Contents Acknowledgements vii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
    Wednesday Volume 589 3 December 2014 No. 73 HOUSE OF COMMONS OFFICIAL REPORT PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) Wednesday 3 December 2014 £5·00 © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2014 This publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Open Parliament licence, which is published at www.parliament.uk/site-information/copyright/. 283 3 DECEMBER 2014 284 Government’s £2,000 tax-free child care account will House of Commons create greater flexibility, provide more choice to parents and hopefully contribute to driving down costs. Wednesday 3 December 2014 Mr Llwyd: That is a step forward, but the Minister The House met at half-past Eleven o’clock will be aware that good, affordable child care is key to economic development. He is probably also aware that PRAYERS in the UK we pay far more for child care than most other OECD countries—40.9% of the average wage compared with 18%. In Sweden, by contrast, the figure [MR SPEAKER in the Chair] is 7.1%. Does he think that we have anything to learn from the Nordic countries in that regard? Oral Answers to Questions Alun Cairns: It is important that we learn from wherever good practice is in place. The greater choice will help to drive down costs, but it is important that we provide the WALES right level of care, and the quality of care is important. I have no doubt that the stronger role that parents have The Secretary of State was asked— to play in exercising that choice will also drive up the quality of care.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Community-Led Plan for London
    Towards a Community- Led Plan for London Policy directions and proposals Contents Page2 Page 41 1 How to use this document 5 Making London a Blue Green City Page 3 Climate Change Targets Introduction to Just Space Energy Supply and Infrastructure Page 5 Air Quality 1 Just Planning for London London’s Water Framework Green Space and Infrastructure Biodiversity/Looking Page13 After Nature 2 Public Participation and Community Food Growing Community Involvement and Food Production in Planning Page 53 Page19 6 Reducing the Need to Travel 3 An Economy for London. and Making the Transport What is the Economy for? System Work Better A Fair City Lifetime Suburbs Green and Localised Economy Promote Active, Affordable, Diverse Economies Integrated and Accessible Travel Outer London Page 29 Improve the Environment 4 Housing, Health Tackle Congestion and Pollution and Wellbeing Promote an Integrated Caring for Existing Homes Approach to Freight Quality of New Homes Not-for-Profit Rented Homes Page 59 Participation in London Wide 7 How the Plan is Housing Policy to be Delivered Community-Led Housing Policy Existing Delivery Models: Private Rented Sector Opportunity Areas Lifetime Neighbourhoods and Community Infrastructure Monitoring Page 71 Contributors Page72 Credits 2 How to use this document The community-led proposals are set out topic by topic, reflecting the current structure of the London Plan, though with a more integrated approach. The policy proposals are contained in coloured boxes and some of these policy proposals are structured as per the current London Plan — Strategic, meaning policy for the Mayor to operate across London, Local Plans, meaning for Boroughs to adopt, and Planning Decisions to guide the decisions of both Mayor and Boroughs on planning applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Brexit and the Regions
    The Financial Inclusion Centre Financial markets that work for society BREXIT AND THE REGIONS HOW VULNERABLE ARE THE UK REGIONS TO THE POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF BREXIT? A Financial Inclusion Centre report Funded by Barrow Cadbury Trust Brexit and the regions, Financial Inclusion Centre, October 2018 1 About the Financial Inclusion Centre The Financial Inclusion Centre is an independent, not-for-profit research and policy group. Our aims are to: • promote financial and social inclusion by understanding the root causes of exclusion and developing practical policy interventions; and • promote a fair and inclusive, efficient and competitive, well-governed and accountable, regulated financial system. Phoenix Yard, 65 Kings Cross Road, London, WC1X 9LW Registered Office: 19 Albion Road, London, N16 9PG Tel: 0207 241 2864 Website: www.inclusioncentre.org.uk Non-profit, limited by guarantee Company No: 06272007 VAT No: 144925501 This report was researched and written by Mick McAteer and edited by John Lappin For further information about this report please contact the author Mick McAteer: 0783 779 7748, [email protected] Brexit and the regions, Financial Inclusion Centre, October 2018 2 CONTENTS Foreword 4 Summary 5 Introduction 14 Project aims and approach 15 Potential Brexit scenarios 16 Section 1: Regional household financial resilience factors 17 Section 2: Regional economic performance and resilience factors 28 Section 3: Brexit related factors 39 Final ranking 44 Section 4: Local authority level analysis 47 Section 5: Conclusions and next steps 50 Annex 1: Regional profiles 54 Annex 2: Data on all local authorities in Great Britain 68 Brexit and the regions, Financial Inclusion Centre, October 2018 3 FOREWORD Brexit is one of the most challenging issues the UK has faced for many generations.
    [Show full text]