------The Abolitionist Review------______The Abolitionist Review was established in 1689 with one goal in mind, to tell others about the injustices slaves faced on a daily basis. The paper was first published in Boston Massachusetts. The Abolitionist Review is consists of articles written by anti slavery activists and even some runaway slaves. The newspaper was started with the purpose of informing others unaware of what slaves faced day after day. The paper was originally aimed at middle class Northerners, but now is read by people of all classes in the North and is starting to spread out in the new colonies in the Northwest Territories. Since our creation in 1689 to present day 1865 we have become one of the most widely read abolitionist papers. Two slaves declared free! rights of the citizens, historical event that we November 4, 1646 because they are upset in have to think about. Why Two African which way the government did slaves have a American slaves will be had handled this conflict conspiracy? declared free and sent home and with which power they There was in to Africa by government could decide that the colonial Virginia a order. However, this was citizens had to pay for the relentless fear of slave not enough; the citizens of transportation. This returns uprisings. However, there the Bay Colony in the question about to high was no organized slave Massachusetts have to taxes in the mind of the uprising in Virginia. A answer for their transport people and starts also a conspiracy of slaves and back. In addition this is the movement against the indentured servants planned first time in the History of governor. “to destroy their masters this puritan’s colony that This decision of the and afterwards to set up for the government declared government, to send the themselves.” Many slaves slaves free and orders their slaves back, will have a lot in Virginia started to rebel backhaul. The citizens were more consequences than the their masters. By 1625, even upset that the slaves government expects. Due to there were only twenty-four were freed after passing the this the government has to African serving in Virginia. law that make slavery legal, handle again with upset After 25 years, there were but even more when they citizens in their colony. 300, or 2 percent of the have to pay for their -By Felix Magold population. Rebellious transport. This is a big The First Slave indentured servants, black scandal for the people in Conspiracy in America in and white, posed a threat. the Colony. Virginia! However, bad behavior and During the September 13, 1663 running away do not transport to the harbor from constitute a conspiracy. By where they should be send We found the first the 1660s, African servants back, the crowd was yelling slave conspiracy in VA in had hardened into and screaming to the slaves. the United States. This was permanent servitude based Everybody was upset and on September 13, 1663 in on skin color. Tobacco short-temperedly. However Gloucester country, VA. planters wanted more the situation remained calm Many slaves in VA tried to slaves in Virginia. and no excesses happened. get rid of their masters, What were the problems As a result of this event the such as tobacco planters. with slaves and planters? people are demanding for Also, some of them tried to We should think about that. more and stricter slave’s run away from their Do you think planters only laws but also for basics masters. It was the think about themselves? Or do you think slaves just problem. Christians the end slavery. As a drop of want to kill them? I think northern part of the colony rain can make an ocean, they had to find some kind believe slavery is a one step toward for equality of solutions to figure out Christians is the south and freedom in slavery these problems. disagree. The issue of societies more move -By Chris Hong slavery is really big right communities in toward February 18, 1688 now and has become more peace and prosperity. Germantown and the first intensified because of the -Eunice Kwag Abolitionist Review northern opposition. There is a great deal of April 6, 1712 Today, an disagreement. People have Slaves Captured, Then amazing scene is taking various opinions according Executed place in the Germantown, as black and white or Western Hemisphere. The owners and slaves and so Early this morning, a fire leader among the settlers of on. Many people wonder broke out in New York and Germantown's, Francis about the result of the while colonists set out to Daniel Pastorius, has protest which has shocked extinguish the blaze. At this written a document is people here. Moreover, this time, 21 from the New protest of slavery in protest will be here a great York area had been colonial America. Also, act on the colonies and this planning to attack the Quakers and Mennonites problem will be embossed firemen and other white are protesters against slavery owners in the colonists. They gathered slavery. Many people in the South. Some historians hammers, hatches, and town are so afraid and believe that anti-slavery other weapons that they nervous about this because movement will be more could find and attacked the and they do not want to be confront and of will be white colonists in their dispossessed of their slaves. difficult to work out a area. Once they attacked, Pastorius and his compromise because of this nine colonists were dead Germantowners are protest. and militia units from New appalled by the Whatever the result, future York and the Westchester incompatibility of slavery. citizens of the United States area were called in to In the tendency of the first will remember and be capture the slaves and antislavery movement proud of the 1688 execute them. Later this getting more spread out Germantown Declaration morning, I witnessed the other south states as well. against Slavery and their capture of about 27 slaves Why the protest? This sacrifice. I wish I was there and the execution of 21 protest has occurred when the people of the slaves. The 21 slaves that because of a religious United States will accept were executed were hung and burned alive. The six Massachusetts, Crispus received at the time of his slaves who were not Attucks, a 27 year old return to Deacon William executed, have committed mulatto slave, escaped from Brown. It is clear, suicide so that they could his master, Deacon William through these signs and not be executed by the Brown. Attucks, who reward advertisements, that white militia who support had been working diligently Crispus is only viewed as slavery. for Brown since age 16, property to his master and took a job as a to the free people that will The purpose of this harpoonist on a whaling search for him. He news article is to inform ship this morning, leaving should be commended for white colonists what is his position of nearly his bravery, skill, and happening in our world 11 years. Crispus, who had planning and we hope that today and to describe what been described as a “strong- many slaves will be as I witnessed early this willed and thoughtful in their plans morning. As a result of independent individual” and as successful in slavery and the secretly applied for the job their escapes as Crispus mistreatment of slaves, nine as a whaler, plotting Attucks has been. It needs white colonists are dead for months his escape to to be recognized that today because of the global freedom. He left his cruel cruel, unfair, and unwilling slave trade. Whites treat the and unfair position as slavery is wrong, and black slaves as if they are a slave, and stands as should be abolished. animals by hitting them, inspiration to the many -By Stephanie Pajak giving them small portions people who are in positions Northwest Ordinance of food, and forcing them to similar to his own previous July 13, 1787 d massive amounts of labor lifestyle. It is unsure which each day. Our world would boat he escaped The Northwest Ordinance, be a better place if we just onto, or his exact time of adopted July 13, 1787, by stopped these tragedies departure, however, Brown the Second Continental from happening because I reports that it was Congress, chartered a witnessed slaves tortured before he woke up. Attucks government for the by being burned alive. had clearly been planning Northwest Territory, his escape and knew provided a method for -By Markus Lauria exactly what he was doing. admitting new states to the September 30, 1750 “Wanted” signs have been Union from the territory, “Crispus Attucks placed throughout and listed a bill of rights Escapes!” Framingham, and there is a guaranteed in the territory. reward for the recovery of Following the principles Earlier today in Crispus, to be outlined by Thomas Framingham, Jefferson in the Ordinance other individual rights. In rights and regarded as of 1784, the authors of the addition the ordinance property, but to announce Northwest Ordinance encouraged education and that a slave is barely half of (probably Nathan Dane and forbade slavery. any other person is horrid Rufus King) spelled out a -By Henry Lee and wrong. It is wrong to plan that was subsequently August 28, 1787 mindlessly judge that a kind used as the country Constitutional and innocent slave is less expanded to the Pacific. Convention than the most rude and There were three things guilty white person. ordained : (1) a division of Yesterday, on a rather Just this afternoon, the men the Northwest Territory hot August morning, the began to debate the laws for into "not less than three nor members of the fugitive slaves. Fugitive more than five States"; (2) a Constitutional Convention slaves are runaway slaves three-stage method for met to debate several parts often living in a free state. admitting a new state to the of the Constitution Because each state has its Union with a including the Fugitive own rules and views congressionally appointed Slave Clause. The men also regarding runaway slaves, it governor, secretary, and discussed a few other topics is nearly impossible to three judges to rule in the regarding slavery. The accurately gauge first phase; an elected reason for the meeting was appropriate actions against assembly and one to amend certain articles of found fugitive slaves. nonvoting delegate to the Constitution. Yesterday Slave states believe that it Congress to be elected in they were able to determine is their right to persecute the second phase, when the a resolution to the slaves from their population of the territory documentation of slaves plantations by their rules no reached "five thousand free regarding population. This matter where the runaway male inhabitants of full counting is mainly for slave is found. However, age"; and a state consensus and record most free states think that it constitution to be drafted keeping. It was decided that is unjust to enter an anti- and membership to the a slave would count as slavery state and use slave Union to be requested in “three- fifths” of a person state laws against fugitive the third phase when the when calculating for slaves in otherwise free population reached 60,000; population. The fact that a zones. Pierce Butler and and (3) a bill of rights slave is compared to only Charles Pinckney, both protecting religious three-fifths of a white from South Carolina, have freedom, the right to a writ person is unbelievably proposed that a clause be of habeas corpus, the absurd. It is bad enough added to precisely rule that benefit of trial by jury, and that they are stripped of all fugitive slaves be transported from free states they were faced with School is open to the for justice. On the other racism, discrimination, public. hand, Pennsylvanian, James and inequality, the Wilson, demanded that community stuck -By Matthew McCarthy Butler and Pinckney take together and founded a October 15, 1793 their proposal off the table. school in the home of Fugative Slave Law He thought that it was Primus Hall in 1798. Enables the Legal immoral and uncalled for. It Although the Capture of Free Slaves is predicted that a decision Constitution states that will be made within the all people are created This past year on next few days as to whether equal, there are obviously February 12, 1793 the or not this should be better schools for whites congress of our United included, and if it is, how it including more teachers, States of America passed will be worded. more supplies, and safer the Fugitive Slave Law, -Kayla Peloquin buildings for the which allows for the return October 17, 1787 students. The black of escaped slaves to their Blacks Petition for Equal community wanted to former masters. Now, even Schools improve their schools, so in Free States, a black man everything was fair. “In or woman who has escaped October 17, 1787 - The 1808, the African School, from the bondage of slavery blacks petitioned for as it was called, moved to can be taken back to their equal schools in Boston larger accommodations masters and once again be after fighting for many in the basement of the put under the heavy chains years for the education of African Meeting House of oppression. Our own their children. One of the where it remained until Congress in Washington schools that they were 1835.” (Gov). In 1855, D.C. passed this bill petitioning for was The almost all of Boston’s overwhelmingly, and on the Abiel Smith School. It public schools were 12 our dearly beloved, hero was constructed in 1834 “desegregated.” As a of the Revolution, Mr. and in 1835. It became result of the integration, President George the first schoolhouse in the Smith School lost Washington himself sign it America that was built many of its students and into law. The man who for educating black was forced to be closed stands for liberty and school children. “… the down. Eventually it freedom in our country just African-American reopened in 1887 as a ensured the unjustifiable community fought headquarter for black enslavement of hundreds of tirelessly for the veterans of the Civil free African Americans. It education of their War. Today The Abiel children.” (Gov). As even allows for the arrest of any of those who aid in the justice to the slaves of achieving this by requiring escape of a runaway slave America. Its name is any person importing slaves who is only seeking what is ringing off the banks of the to Georgia from the West rightfully his, freedom. Mississippi and the Indies or East or West Because of this law a vile Appalachian Mountains, it Florida to pay the state a and unholy trade has arisen is being sung by the fee of 65 dollars for each that is made legal by it, that conductors on its sacred slave. There are many of the slave-catcher, a man rout: the Underground different opinions in this who bases his occupation Railroad. This new widely discussed topic. on the capture and institution has been erected Over the past kidnapping of free slaves. to topple the old one, to decade abolitionists have So now even slaves who finally bring the 'liberty and discussed and disputed have been living in the justice for all' to America. whether the constitution is northern states and who Because of those who anti slavery or pro slavery. have dwelt off the sweet would wish to stop this Some opponents of slavery drink of freedom for years march toward freedom and attacked the constitution as can be taken back to their liberty it will not be a proslavery document that masters. However, the mentioned how this denies congress the right to slave-catchers do not righteous organization interfere with African slave discriminate. They will works, but for those who trade, for not counting free kidnap even those African firmly believe in justice and blacks as citizens, and for Americans who never have the destruction of slavery: counting blacks as three- been, and never should be, "Go down, Moses, way fifths the value of a white slaves. This new breed of down in Egypt land Tell old person. Other abolitionists crooks, masquerading with Pharaoh, let my people go." argue that the constitution the law as their mask, will -By Sarah Lyons gave congress the power to capture any black man, Georgia Prohibits the prohibit the movement of woman, or child be they a Importation of Slaves slaves into United States free slave, a descendent of December 19, 1793 territories. free slaves, or have not a I talked to many drop of that accursed Today is December people about what they Institution in their veins, 19, 1793 and we are yet thought about this issue and and bring them into another step closer to the they had very different oppression. As a reaction to abolishment of slavery. things to say about it. Mr. this poisonous law, over the Gov. Mathews has just Oliver from Connecticut past months an organization signed a legislation to says to let the states import has been forming that is discourage foreign slave as they please. The morality bringing freedom and trade in Georgia. He is and ethics of slavery are different between each state ideas on the topic and helps religious groups, like the which will effect how much you to form a decision of Quakers had a very large they import and we have no your own. objection to slavery, they right to stop them. Col. -By Nicole Grenier felt that it was completely George Mason agreed with Freedom unrealistic for us African the decision to stop the July 4, 1799 Americans to be held to our importation of slaves. Col. ancestry and thought of as Mason says that this Freedom is a word that only someone else property decision is not only about now can be used by blacks or slaves. Everyone was the slaves but about the all through out the north. It getting tired of hearing Union as a whole. is the year 1799, and we are about how some day we Maryland Virginia, and finally free, we are now would be free, free to be North Carolina had already able to make our own just like everyone else, to prohibited the importation choices and live our own be looked up to and of slaves and it would be lives. It has taken a while appreciated like every other wrong to let Georgia import for us to get here though. person. That day has finally salves as they wished. Col. We have struggled arrived, all the work that Mason says slavery through racism and people from all over the discourages manufacturing prejudice; we had no voice United States, people of and arts and is a cruel way at all for the longest time. I different race, ethnicity and of labor. can still remember reading culture have come together Once again as of the paper and seeing what to fight along with us for today slaves are no longer politicians John Jay and our freedom. It is the year able to be imported into Alexander Hamilton had to 1799 and my fair city of Georgia. Georgia is say. Those men we New York has just fallowing in the footsteps of fighting for our rights, they abolished slavery. Maryland Virginia, and had helped with spreading -Rachel Leibowitz North Carolina who have “The Abolitionist Free Blacks in already passed this law. Movement,” it moved into Philadelphia Petition To This is still a heated topic the north and stretched out Congress that has many people like wild fire. The north January 2, 1800 disputing whether it was the was soon to become the right decision or not. I leader in fighting for the On January 2, 1800, a personally think that it was right of African Americans. group of 71 freed blacks in a great decision because I This then leaked out to the Philadelphia submitted a think slavery is morally East Coast in involving petition to Congress to end wrong and cruel. I hope Philadelphia and slavery in the United States. this article expresses all Pennsylvania. Some Entitled “The Petition of the People of Colour, much debate over the coincided, with the Freemen Within the City, petition in the House, but it political realities of New and Suburbs of was eventually rejected by England federalism. King Philadelphia,” the petition a vote of eighty five to one. first opposes the requests of congress the This is an example of the extension of slavery into freedom of their fellow government’s pro-slavery the Northwest blackmen enslaved attitude. Territories, although he throughout the country. The Although this was willing "to suffer the group of freemen, led by attempt of ending slavery continuance of slaves Reverend Absalom Jones, proves to have failed, it is a until they can be state in the petition, big step in the road to gradually emancipated in “…while we feel impressed freedom for all black states already overrun with grateful sensations for people, a large spark in the with them." He does not the Providential favours we antislavery movement. It is press the issue very hard ourselves enjoy, we cannot petitions and continuous at this time, however. At be insensible of the requests like these that are the Constitutional conditions of our afflicted going to one day set the Convention he indicates Brethren, suffering tinder slaves free. It is understood his opposition to slavery curious circumstances in this will be a gradual was based upon the different parts of these process, but the political and economic States; but deep in, perseverance shown by so advantages it gave to the sympathizing with them.” many black men and South, and he is willing There is obviously a sense women cannot be given up. to compromise for of brotherhood between all If we don’t give up, perhaps political reasons. of the slaves and ex-slaves one day a petition will be He supports Senate within this country, and passed, and all living in the action seeking abolition these free men are United States will have of the slave trade, and he recognizing the struggle of found freedom. later speaks strongly for their brothers. The petition -Alessandra Mele the antislavery also asks for the elimination Rufus King opposes amendment in the of the slave trade and the Slavery Missouri statehood bill. Fugitive Slave Law. The Rufus arguments are Petition was submitted to King has had a lot o political, economic, and congressional ‘history of opposition to humanitarian; the Representative Robert the expansion of slavery extension of slavery Waln, who introduced it to and the slave trade. This would adversely affect the House of stand was a product of the security of the Representatives. There was moral conviction, which principles of freedom and liberty. After the the impact of King’s de Angola; Paolo D’ Missouri Compromise he declaration was such that Angola’s to his widow continues to support Douglass R. Dorothy and her husband gradual emancipation in Egerton even suggests a Manuel Pieters; Simon various ways. [Arbena possible link of Congo’s to himself; Pieter 1965] inspiration between Santome’s to his sons One of King’s most King’s declaration in Lucas and Salomon; Little consequential Congress and the Anthony, senior’s to Little interventions in Congress controversial Denmark Anthony, junior; and Gratia is in regards to the 1820 Vesey slave uprising of Angola’s to his widow Tallmadge debate, which 1822. Maria and herhusband sought to limit slavery -By Jermaine Boswell Christoffel Santomes. The in Missouri, as it became 11 Blacks Successfully slaving issue is still a state. King appeals to Petition for their happened in this moment, the now fading Freedom and the first example is Revolutionary sense of setting up this term. There equality to attack slavery. Today in North America, might be more and more in He declares that all legal the first group of eleven of the future. and otherwise attempts to blacks successful petitions -By Roy Yeh uphold slavery were the government of New “absolutely void, because Amsterdam for their [they are] contrary to the freedom. Ten years ago, law of nature, which is most of the black people the law of God.” Though had been concerned with the amendment failed either the morality or the and Missouri became a economics of slaveholding, slave state. King reflects and working hard for their the gradual ideological own freedom. Finally their evolution of the Atlantic voice can be heard today. Abolitionist movement. Manuel Trompeter’s was According to David confirmed to his children Biron Davis, this may Bernard and Christina, and have been the first time Maycke’s of the same time anywhere in the world was confirmed to her and that a political leader her husband Domingo openly attacked slavery’s .Angola. Of the patents to perceived legality in such the eleven, Big Manuel’s a radical manner. In fact, went to his widow Christina

A Cry for Freedom Phillis Wheatley and Child Perish Brothers and sisters, it is time to fight for black slaves’ freedom. In December 5, 1784. Phillis March 1775, radical patriot Patrick Wheatley and her third child tragicaly Henry cried, “Give me liberty, or give perished today. Wheatley’s family has me death,” in front of the Virginia House long been financially struggling, and she of Burgesses. When patriots were died improverished at age 31. Wheatley gathering their army, blacks were not had written over hundred poems during included to have right to fight for the her lifetime, however, about thirty of freedom. Yet on November 7, 1775, the them are missing from her collection. time comes when the blacks need to rise Wheatley was born in Senegal, and was up and fight for their liberty. Lord captured by slave traders at a young age. Dunmore, John Murray, is Virginia’s She was sold upon her arrival to the royal governor, and he issues the Martial Colonies to a tailor, John Wheatley of Law in response to inform the colonists Boston, when she was only 7. Mary who have begun forming armies and Wheatley, daughter of John, taught attacking British troops. Phillis how to read and write. Phillis Lord Dunmore offers freedom to learned the English language quickly, slaves who fight for the King. and by the time she was 16, she was able “And I do hereby further declare all to read passages in the Bible. Phillis was indented Servants Negroes, or others, sent to England in 1771 with Nathaniel free that are able and willing to bear Wheatley, son of John Wheatley, Arms, they joining His Majesty’s Troops however, she returned to Boston after as soon as may be, foe the more speedily the death of Mary. She was freed after reducing this Colony to a proper Sense her owner’s death, and married John of their Duty, to His Majesty’s Crown Peters, a freed black grocer. They lived and Dignity.” their lives in poverty. Her death is tragic Virginia has far more black as she is the first African American to slaves than patriots. More than one-third publish a book. Today, not many African of the population of Virginia is slaves. If Americans are educated, but she broke blacks gather the power together against the color barrier and made a great patriots for their freedom, blacks have accomplishment, which was publishing a opportunity to finally gain their freedom. book of her greatest works of poetry. Do we, black slaves, remember the She leaves two children and her Somerset Case in 1772, when a slave, husband. purchased in Virginia, became a free Praow Ishihara man when transported to England? England will give freedom to blacks. It is time for blacks to fight for liberty. Jackie Yang

The Freedom of Caesar Tarrant Delaware Outlaws the Slave Today, November 14, 1786, the Trade! Virginia legislature emancipated the Yesterday, February fourth 1789, former slave and Tidewater area river at the Capital building in Dover, pilot, Caesar Tarrant. “It was a Governor Richard Basset signed a bill wonderful day for all of us who know that outlawed the trading of Slavery in Caesar.” one of Caesar’s neighbours the state of Delaware. Delaware joins said. Almost the whole town came to Massachusetts and six other states by this special event just to see their friend signing this bill. If somebody were to Caesar receive his freedom. It was an break this law they would face a lengthy amazing crowd of people who located prison stay and possibly a heavy fine to themselves just in front of the House of accompany it. The signing of the bill Parliament to wait for Caesar to come angered most southern states and will out of the building as a free Human. have an unfortunate affect their Caesar Tarrant was born a slave economy. in 1740 and grew up without parents. In The main reason Governor his adulthood Caesar was sold to Carter Basset signed the bill was because of the Tarrant. Caesar’s special skills as a river growing pressure to end slavery in pilot were found early on in his life. He Delaware. He was also feeling stress married the slave of his neighbour, Lucy, from such newspapers as the Liberator. and longed for freedom. The only way William Lloyd Garrison, the editor, was he could have secured his freedom was criticizing Governor Basset in past to become a river pilot which he became issues of the Liberator. The signing of in the end. Caesar Tarrant became a this bill will make Governor Basset a member of the Virginia Navy and had a popular Governor once again. very important role in many war The bill goes into effect at noon manoeuvres. Unfortunately, Tarrant was today. The bill prohibits any Delaware captured by the British navy and resident in engaging in the act of buying returned to slave status soon after his or trading Slaves. It also prohibits any return. Carter Tarrant, Caesar’s owner, Slave trading from entering any port in died two years ago and Caesar then was Delaware. Many of the other Governors put in the custody of Mary, Carter in the South voiced their feelings in local Tarrant’s wife. But now with the help of newspapers by saying this bill is going the Virginia General Assembly, Caesar to affect the economy and relations Tarrant became free. All of us, and between Delaware and the South. especially Caesar himself, can thank this Governor Basset signed the bill to the great assembly for the freedom he fought crowd’s applause. He responded by for his entire life and finally, in the end, saying this is a giant step forward for received. Delaware and the ending of Slavery. We all whish you a good and enjoyable time the next years. Wesley Slobody

Clemens Grave

Obituaries Ariel Landers Benjamin Lundy: died August 22, 1839, was an abolitionist who Pennsylvania Abolition Society published his articles in his newspaper Founded Today “The Genius of Emancipation”. He was Today, April 14, 1775, at the Rising Sun fifty years old. Tavern in Philadelphia, the society Lundy was born on January 4, “Relief for Free Negroes Unlawfully 1789 in Hardwick, New Jersey to held in Bondage” a.k.a. Pennsylvania Quaker parents, Joseph and Eliza Lundy. Abolition Society (PAS) was He was raised with Quaker beliefs that established. This is the first abolition violence and enslavement of human society ever created. PAS is working to beings was immoral. assist enslaved persons and continue to Lundy first came into contact promote an end to slavery. It also works with slavery in 1808 after moving to to encourage education, employment of Wheeling, Virginia to pursue a career in liberated blacks, and assistance to the saddle making. Soon after, he decided free African American community in to devote his life to fighting slavery. Philadelphia. Four German Quakers Lundy established the Union created the Society. The president is Humane Society in 1816. With his activist James Baldwin. Twenty-four encouragement the group grew from a men attended the meeting today, mere six to over five hundred members. seventeen of which were Quakers. Lundy also began to write articles for Artisans and Shopkeepers seemed to be Charles Osborn’s newspaper, “The the main attendees. This group is so Philanthropist” the same year. powerful and moving, figures such as In 1821, Lundy published his Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush first of twelve total issues of “The came to observe. They have even Genius of Universal Emancipation.” agreed to write up a constitution! The The newspaper was distributed to 21 society is currently working on the ban states and contained the writings of of international slave trade, which many abolitionists. consists of a petition to the In 1822, Lundy published a Constitutional Convention. They have so second newspaper, “The American far successfully petitioned the Economist and Weekly Political Pennsylvania legislature and as a result, Recorder.” This newspaper included the legislature has prohibited the poetry as well as politics and economics. transportation of slave children or He devised a plan in 1825 to end pregnant women from Pennsylvania. slavery, which he called the “Gradual This act has also imposed heavier fines Abolition of Slavery in the United States for slave kidnapping and made it illegal without danger or Loss to the South.” to separate slave families by more than He later traveled to Haiti, Canada, and 10 miles. This organization is helping the Texas republic in search for a the racism in our country decline one suitable colony for freed slaves. more step. Let’s hope other states take Benjamin Lundy, husband of the this step and we can stop racism all late Esther Lewis, is survived by his five together! children. Funeral services will be held Abbigail Flagg in McNabb, Illinois.

Free African Society Founded in the Africans in this country find their Philadelphia freedom. I urge all to write their The free African Society was representatives on Capitol Hill and take founded on April 2nd, 1787 in action to end the oppression against the Philadelphia by Richard Allen and Negro. Absalom Jones for the purpose of Frank Meng freeing Africans. The free African Society operated as a church, local Continental Congress Suspends government and charity. The high Slave Trade quantity of Africans living in I strongly claim that the slave Pennsylvania was the result of numerous trade must be ended! The issue of racism waves of European immigrants who is one of the big reasons of slave trade. possessed great wealth over the past Although some escape or are set free, three centuries. Unlike European Negroes are being oppressed and denied immigrants, Africans arrived in the their basic corporal and god given rights. colonies against their will as slaves. As They are continuing to be sold in Britain the state’s fifth largest ethnic group, and the colonies of the Caribbean. Also African Americans had a significant with the rise of industry, the slave trade impact in the history of Pennsylvania. must be ceased immediately. Even after At the end of the 18th century, the Constitutional Convention of 1787, Philadelphia was a city of hope for during which protesters in Philadelphia African Americans because constantly reminded the delegates of Pennsylvania had passed the first their discontent of the slave trade, no abolition act, and Philadelphia was home legislation against this atrocious practice by 1790 to over 2,000 free blacks. Some was enacted. had bought their freedom after working Beginning in the 1840’s Negro during the Revolutionary War, or had abolitionist Frederick Douglass has been freed because many slaveholders become the voice of oppressed Negro moved away from pre-revolutionary slaves in the United States. ideals. Africans in the United States had “Those who profess to favor high hopes for the future in the new freedom and yet depreciate agitation are country built on the ideas of people who want crops without plowing independence, but they also had doubts the ground; they want rain without whether the declarations of liberty thunder and lightning; they want the equality would apply to them. “While ocean without the roar of its many the story of African Americans in waters. The struggle may be a moral Pennsylvania is one of struggle for one, or it may be a physical one, or it human rights and identity, it is a story may be both. But it must be a struggle. also of achievement and the assertion of Power concedes nothing without a ethnic pride.” (www. Free African demand; it never has and it never will.” Society in Philadelphia) Negroes including myself are In my opinion, I believe struggling with the sorrow of being Africans should fight for their basic civil enslaved for so long. It is time the slave rights. Regardless of ethnicity or skin trade along with slavery be brought to an color, all should have rights for freedom end. at the very least. Let us hope and assist Kaitlyn Lee

260,000 square miles, which adds over a Congress Adopts Northwest million people into the United States. Ordinance The Congress of the United Christian Naber States adopts the Northwest Ordinance, which states that congress would create An End to Slavery in the United three to five states in the Northwest States? Territory, which would be equal with Following the Revolutionary older states. This measure also bars War, many legislators had discussed slavery from any of the new territories in creating laws regarding banning slavery the Northwest Territories. in the newly founded United States. It Following the Treaty of Paris, the was not until Aaron Burr demanded Ohio Country was closed for white immediate abolishment on the floor of settlement by the Proclamation of 1763. the Senate, but never received enough After 1783 the United States claimed support to create a bill. Not until he had this area, and in 1784 Delegate, Thomas the idea of a gradual emancipation that a Jefferson recommended that the United abolition law was even considered. States should seize the land west of the However due to the lack of support from Appalachians and should be divided into his constituents, his pleas were once new states of the Union. The suggested again left unheard. names for those states were Chersoneus, On January 25, 1785 Jon Jay created the Sylvania, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Manumission Society with few members Polypotamia, Pelisipa, Saratoga, first joining with most consisting of Washington, Michigan and Illinoia. This Quakers. This organization was to secure was the basis for the Northwest legislation to end slavery, monitor new Ordinance. laws in Southern states, and educate The Northwest Ordinance (also blacks. Members also would regularly known as “An Ordinance for the speak out against advertisement of slave Government of the territory of the sales, apply pressure on auction houses United States, North West of the River and ship owners, and gave free legal Ohio” or “Freedom Ordinance”) was consul to slaves. Members went so far passed on July 13, 1787 under the as to boycott New York merchants and Articles of Confederation by the newspaper owners. They even had Continental Congress of the United militants visit those newspaper offices States. The most important effect will be and warn them against publishing that the area south of the great Lakes advertisements for selling slaves. north and west of the Ohio River and The Manumission society had east of the Mississippi River will be the many things changed in the state of New first organized territory of the United York in terms of slavery, by working Sates. The States which would become diligently to get new laws passed both admitted into the Union are Ohio in federally and statewide to abolish 1803, Indiana in 1816, Illinois in 1818, slavery Without organizations such as Michigan in 1837, Wisconsin in 1848, this, northern states would still have and Minnesota in 1858. The area supported slavery, and perhaps never covered by those new states is more than have fought to abolish it. Trevor Young