April 27, 2009

The Honorable Gary Locke Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave., NW Washington, DC 20230

The Honorable Ken Salazar Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20240

Dear Secretary Locke and Secretary Salazar,

As scientists with expertise in biological diversity and loss of species, we urge you to overhaul actions and rule changes that weaken the scientific foundation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Congress has recently given you additional authority to begin to restore the scientific underpinnings of the ESA by allowing you to rescind two rules implemented in the final days of the Bush administration. These rules fundamentally undermine the ability of science and scientists to protect our nation’s biodiversity.

The rules in question allow any federal agency to independently decide whether protected species would be threatened by their projects. Previously, when a federal agency considered a project such as a highway, dam, or mine, it was required to consult with the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). These “informal” consultations typically led to minor adjustments being made to the planned action that lessened the anticipated impact. This process also helped identify projects with particularly severe or complicated effects, which then received a thorough “formal” consultation.

Many federal agencies do not have the biological expertise to determine the consequences of federal projects on endangered species, and may have vested interests in the implementation of a project. The FWS and NMFS consultations have, for decades, served as important checks and balances to keep our nation’s biodiversity safe. Consultation creates a method for informed decision-making that provides better protections for endangered species and has led to successful mitigation efforts for hundreds of species.

The rules also sharply limit the types of information federal scientists can consider when evaluating federal projects, carving out broad exemptions for impacts that “are manifested through global processes” or result in “an extremely small, insignificant impact” on protected species. This is problematic because many severe environmental problems result from sources that individually might be minor but collectively cause serious harm. Fortunately, federal scientists have a decades- long proven track record of analyzing cumulative effects.

On March 3, 2009, President Obama issued a Presidential memorandum requesting that the Departments of Commerce and Interior review recent changes to Endangered Species Act implementation. On March 11, Congress passed legislation giving you special authority to immediately rescind the rules by May 8. “For more than three decades,” said the president, “The Endangered Species Act has successfully protected our nation's most threatened wildlife, and we should be looking for ways to improve it—not weaken it.” We agree.

As you follow President Obama’s directive to find ways to strengthen the Endangered Species Act, we encourage you to ensure that the federal government is in the position to examine and regulate all challenges to endangered species. The threats our world face continue to evolve as we impact the environment in different ways. Federal government scientists must be given the ability to evaluate these emerging threats and communicate their consequences for imperiled species.

The Endangered Species Act is one of our most important environmental laws because of its reliance on robust scientific analysis. According to a May 30, 2005 article in Science , less than one percent of listed species have gone extinct since 1973, while 10 percent of candidate species still waiting to be listed have suffered that fate. A more recent comprehensive analysis demonstrates that listed species tended toward recovery more than not and the more thoroughly the ESA was applied the stronger their recovery. 1 In addition to the hundreds of species that the ESA has protected from extinction, listing has contributed to population increases or the stabilization of populations for at least 35 percent of listed species, and perhaps significantly more, as well as the recovery of such signature species as the peregrine falcon.

Congress has recognized that recently enacted regulations should be rolled back and has given you the power to do so within a limited time that is fast expiring. Because the new rules compromise the quality and independence of scientific review and thereby undermine effective protections for wildlife and their habitats, we urge you to take swift action to rescind the rules.

Sincerely,

(signers listed alphabetically by state)

cc:

The Honorable Jane Lubchenco Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Room 5128 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20230

The Honorable John Holdren Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy Executive Office of the President 725 17th Street Room 5228 Washington, DC 20502

1 Performance of the Endangered Species Act, Mark W. Schwartz, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2008. 39:279–99 ALABAMA

Michael Barbour, Ph.D. candidate Marisa Lee, M.S. GIS Analyst Certified Wildlife Biologist Alabama Natural Heritage Program Conservation Auburn University, AL Division of Wildlife Montgomery, AL David Campbell, Ph.D. Department of Biology Kenneth Nusbaum, Ph.D. University of Alabama Professor Tuscaloosa, AL Pathobiology Auburn University Wylie Cox, M.S. Auburn, AL Instructor Department of Biology Kelly Sutherland, M.S. candidate Central Arizona College Dauphin Island Sea Lab Daleville, AL Woods Hole, AL

Steve Kimble, M.S. candidate Robert Thacker, Ph.D. Department of Forestry and Natural Resou Associate Professor Purdue University Department of Biology Birmingham, AL University of Alabama, Birmingham Birmingham, AL

ALASKA

W. Armbruster, Ph.D. Mark Eisenman, B.S. Research Professor of Biology Fisheries Biologist Institute of Arctic Biology Alaska Department of Fish and Game University of Alaska Haines, AK Fairbanks, AK Jeff Fair, M.S. Stephen Arthur, Ph.D. Senior Oversight Biologist Research Biologist Fairwinds Wildlife Services Alaska Department of Fish and Game Palmer, AK Fairbanks, AK Becky Keller, Ph.D. candidate Marion Bret-Harte, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist Associate Professor North Carolina State University Department of Biology and Wildlife Tok, AK University of Alaska, Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK Peter Keller, B.S. Wildlife Biologist Natalie Dawson, Ph.D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Staff Scientist Tok, AK Center for Biological Diversity Anchorage, AK

David Klein, Ph.D. Jeffrey Short, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Pacific Science Director Institute of Arctic Biology Oceana University of Alaska, Fairbanks Juneau, AK Fairbanks, AK Derek Sikes, Ph.D. Christopher Krenz, Ph.D. Curator of Insects / Assistant Professor Arctic Project Manager Biology & Wildlife Oceana University of Alaska Museum Juneau, AK Fairbanks, AK

John Martin, M.S. John Skinner, M.S. Regional Refuge Ecologist Research Associate Division of Realty & Natural Resources Department of Science U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Alaska Sealife Center Anchorage, AK Seward, AK

Bradford Meiklejohn, M.S. David Tallmon, Ph.D. Alaska Representative Assistant Professor of Biology Alaska Office Natural Sciences Department The Conservation Fund University of Alaska, Southeast Eagle River, AK Juneau, AK

Christa Mulder, Ph.D. Nancy Tankersley, M.S. Associate Professor in Biology Wildlife Biologist Institute of Arctic Biology Anchorage, AK University of Alaska, Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK Frank von Hippel, Ph.D. Associate Professor David Murray, Ph.D. Department of Biological Science Professor of Botany and Curator Emeritus University of Alaska, Anchorage University of Alaska, Fairbanks Anchorage, AK Fairbanks, AK

ARIZONA

Joseph Barnett, B.S. Rex Bergamini, Ph.D. candidate Wildlife Biologist Principal Ecologist U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service EcoRx LLC Cibola, AZ Sedona, AZ

Paul Beier, Ph.D. Clait Braun, Ph.D. Professor Director School of Forestry Grouse Inc. Northern Arizona University Tucson, AZ Flagstaff, AZ Matthew Clark, M.S. Conservation Ecologist Tucson, AZ

Mark Daniels, M.S. Chris McDonald, Ph.D. candidate Research Specialist School of Natural Resources Ecological Restoration Institute University of Arizona Flagstaff, AZ Tucson, AZ

Thomas Fleischner, Ph.D. Angela Moline, Ph.D. Professor of Environmental Studies Faculty Environmental Studies Environmental Studies Program Prescott College Prescott College Prescott, AZ Prescott, AZ

Conor Flynn, B.S. Michael Moore, Ph.D. Wetland Ecologist Professor of Life Sciences Tucson, AZ School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Howard Frederick, Ph.D. Tempe, AZ Wildlife Awareness Foundation Tucson, AZ Axhel Munoz, M.S. Pima County Natural Resources Christine Hass, Ph.D. Tucson, AZ Assistant Director Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch Kerry Oliver, Ph.D. National Audubon Society Assistant Professor Elgin, AZ Department of Entomology University of Georgia Phil Hedrick, Ph.D. Tucson, AZ Professor Arizona State University Tracy Scheinkman, M.S. Tempe, AZ Adjunct Faculty Department of Biology Holly Hicks, B.S. Pima Community College Small Mammals Biologist Tucson, AZ Arizona Game and Fish Department Chandler, AZ David Smith, Ph.D. Department of Biology Linda Kennedy, Ph.D. Northland Pioneer College Director Show Low, AZ Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch National Audubon Society Richard Zweifel, Ph.D. Elgin, AZ Curator Emeritus Herpetology Robert Luce, B.S. American Museum of Natural History Wildlife Biologist, Retired Portal, AZ University of Wyoming Sierra Vista, AZ

ARKANSAS

Justin Fiene, M.S. Thomas McClure Department of Biology Biology Instructor Texas A&M University Science Department Jonesboro, AR Northwest Arkansas Community College Rogers, AR Charles Gagen, Ph.D. Professor Kenneth Smith, M.S. Biology Department Researcher Arkansas Tech. University Conservation Atkins, AR The Ozark Society Fayetteville, AR Nicole Hardiman, Ph.D. University of Cincinnati Ellen Turner, M.S. Fayetteville, AR Professor Department of Biology Mickey Matthews, M.S. Northwest Arkansas Community College Aquatic Ecologist Rogers, AR Ecological Conservation Organization Little Rock, AR

CALIFORNIA

Maegan Allen, B.S. Anthony Barnosky, Ph.D. Water Resources Planner Professor Engineering and Groundwater Services Integrative Biology Kern County Water Agency University of California, Berkeley Bakersfield, CA Berkeley, CA

Richard Ambrose, Ph.D. Kelly Barr, M.S. Professor Research Technician Environmental Health Sciences Department Department of Biology University of California, Los Angeles Stanford University Los Angeles, CA Pacific Grove, CA

Daniel Anderson, Ph.D. Steven Beckekndorf, Ph.D. Professor Professor Emeritus Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology Molecular and Cell Biology University of California University of California Davis, CA Berkeley, CA

A. Gilda Barboza, B.S. Ted Beedy, Ph.D. Biologist Owner URS Corporation Beedy Environmental Consulting Oakland, CA Nevada City, CA

Steven Beissinger, Ph.D. William Bretz, Ph.D. Leopold Chair of Wildlife Ecology Manager of Reserves Environmental Science Natural Reserve System University of California, Berkeley University of California Berkeley, CA El Cajon, CA

Charles Bellamy, Ph.D. Jennifer Brisson, Ph.D. Plant Pest Diagnostics Center Research Assistant Professor California Department of Food & Agriculture Molecular & Computational Biology Sacramento, CA University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA Matthew Bettelheim, B.S. Senior Biologist Berry Brosi, Ph.D. URS Corporation Biology Department Oakland, CA Stanford University Stanford, CA Carolyn Bigger, Ph.D. Senior Scientist, retired Irene Brown, Ph.D. El Cajon, CA Business Manager Benchmark Publications Jared Bigler, B.S. Los Altos, CA Associate Biologist Department of Biology Jennifer Buck, M.S. Rincon Consultants Inc Vegetation Ecologist San Luis Obispo, CA California Native Plant Society Grass Valley, CA Rick Bizzoco, Ph.D. Professor of Microbiology Donald Cadien Department of Biology Research Biologist San Diego State University Ocean Monitoring Group San Diego, CA Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Carson, CA Jessica Blickley, Ph.D. candidate Graduate Student Researcher Heather Campbell, M.S. candidate Department of Evolution and Ecology Department of Ecology University of California, Davis University of California, Davis Davis, CA Davis, CA

Martha Booz, Ph.D. Kristin Carden, J.D., Ph.D. candidate El Sobrante, CA Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Sara Bothwell, Ph.D. candidate University of California, Santa Barbara Environmental Studies Santa Barbara, CA University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA Marc Carrasco, Ph.D. Research Associate, Integrative Biology Paola Bouley, M.S. University of California, Berkeley Conservation Program Director Berkeley, CA Salmon Protection And Watershed Network Fairfax, CA Carlos Carroll, Ph.D. Klamath Center for Conservation Research Orleans, CA Joseph Cech, Ph.D. Stephanie Connon, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Research Scientist Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology Chemistry University of California, Davis California Institute of Technology Davis, CA Los Angeles, CA

Ted Cheeseman, M.S. Scott Cookson, Ph.D. CEO/Expedition Leader Staff Scientist Ted Cheeseman Bioengineering Cheesemans' Ecology Safaris University of California, San Diego Saratoga, CA San Diego, CA

Howard Clark, M.S. Tara Cornelisse, Ph.D. candidate Wildlife Environmental Studies H. T. Harvey & Associates University of California, Santa Cruz Clovis, CA Felton, CA

Cara Clark, M.S. Sarah Cotton, M.S. Restoration and Research Associate Assistant Professor Moss Landing Marine Labs Department of Biology Soquel, CA Chaffey College Rancho Cucamonga, CA Ronald Clough, B.S. Director of research Kara Cromwell, M.S. candidate California State Shark and Ray Count Fish & Wildlife Resources Camarillo, CA University of Idaho Loma Linda, CA Melissa Coates, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Scholar J. Cushman, Ph.D. Physiological Science Professor of Biology University of California, Los Angeles Sonoma State University Los Angeles, CA Rohnert Park, CA

Martin Cody, Ph.D. John Dayton, M.S. Research Professor and Emeritus Zoology Technician / Lecturer Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Department of Biology University of California San Jose State University Volcano, CA Santa Cruz, CA

Chris Colvin, B.S. James des Lauriers, M.S. Research Assistant Professor Emeritus Woods Institute for the Environment Department of Biology Stanford University Chaffey College Stanford, CA Claremont, CA

Erin Conlisk, Ph.D. Shannon DeVaney, Ph.D. Associate Scientist Postdoctoral Fellow PRI Natural History Museum of LA County Riverside, CA Culver City, CA

Tom Devitt, Ph.D. candidate Paula Furey, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley Department of Integrative Biology Berkeley, CA University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA Reilly Dibner, Ph.D. candidate Ecosystem Associates Craig Fusaro, Ph.D. Los Altos, CA Conservation Committee Chair California Trout, Inc. Nicole Edmison, B.S. Santa Barbara, CA Conservation and Wildlife Biologist East Bay Regional Parks District John Gallo, Ph.D. Oakland, CA University of California, Santa Barbara Albion, CA Paul Ehrlich, Ph.D. President, Center for Conservation Biology Brandi Gartland, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology Ornithologist Stanford University Environmental Science, Policy, Management Stanford, CA University of California, Berkeley El Cerrito, CA Anne Ehrlich Senior Research Scientist Tim Gerrodette, Ph.D. Biology Department Operations Research Analyst Stanford University U.S. Department of Commerce Stanford, CA San Diego, CA

Thomas English, Ph.D. Ayesha Gill, Ph.D. Professor Professor Physics & Engineering Department of Biology Palomar College Oakland, CA Carlsbad, CA Jessie Golding, B.S. Peter Epanchin, Ph.D. candidate Biologist University of California, Davis URS Corporation Davis, CA Oakland, CA

Don Flickinger, Ph.D. Alison Gould, M.S. candidate Natural Resources Management Specialist San Francisco State University National Marine Fisheries Service San Francisco, CA Yreka, CA Steven Greco, Ph.D. Nadia Foster, Ph.D. candidate Associate Professor Graduate Student Researcher Environmental Design Department Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine University of California, Davis Biology Davis, CA University of California, Santa Barbara Oxnard, CA Gregory Grether, Ph.D. Associate Professor Jed Fuhrman, Ph.D. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology McCulloch Crosby Chair of Marine Biology University of California, Los Angeles Department of Biological Science Topanga, CA University of Southern California Topanga, CA John Griffith, Ph.D. Karen Holl, Ph.D. Supervising Microbiologist Professor Microbiology Environmental Studies So. Californian Coastal Water Research Project University of California, Santa Cruz Huntington Beach, CA Santa Cruz, CA

Elizabeth Hadly, Ph.D. Marcel Holyoak, Ph.D. Associate Professor Professor Department of Biology Environmental Science and Policy Stanford University University of California Palo Alto, CA San Jose, CA

Fletcher Halliday, B.S. Fred Hrusa, Ph.D. Biologist Senior Plant Taxonomist URS Corporation Botany Laboratory Oakland, CA California Department of Food & Agriculture Sacramento, CA Lisa Haney, B.S. Biologist Ivan Huber, Ph.D. Ocean Monitoring Professor Emeritus Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Department of Biology Long Beach, CA Fairleigh Dickinson University Los Angeles, CA John Harte, Ph.D. Professor Brian Hudgens, Ph.D. Energy and Resources Group Research Ecologist University of California, Berkeley Institute for Wildlife Studies Berkeley, CA Eureka, CA

Richard Haskell, Ph.D. Robin Ikeda, M.S. Harvey Mudd College Professor Claremont, CA Department of Biology Chaffey College Katherine Hayden, Ph.D. candidate Rancho Cucamonga, CA University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA Jennifer Jacobs, M.S. candidate California Academy of Sciences Ryan Hechinger, Ph.D. Oakland, CA Marine Science Institute University of California Stephen James, M.S. Santa Barbara, CA Professor Department of Biological Science Amy Henry, Ph.D. candidate Sacramento City College NSF IGERT Fellow Folsom, CA Microbiology University of Hawaii Kristine Kaiser, Ph.D. candidate Tehachapi, CA Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles John Hessel, Ph.D. Los Angeles, CA Portola Valley, CA

Carrie Kappel, Ph.D. Tim Krantz, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Fellow Chair, Professor National Center for Ecological Analysis and Environmental Studies Program Synthesis University of Redlands University of California, Santa Barbara Redlands, CA Santa Barbara, CA Claire Kremen, Ph.D. Carol Kearns, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Lecturer University of California, Berkeley Department of Biology Berkeley, CA Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA Erin Kurten, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology Stephen Kellogg, M.S. Stanford University Professor, retired Stanford, CA Department of Biology Chaffey College John LaBonte, Ph.D. Cambria, CA Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology Vida Kenk, Ph.D. University of California, Santa Barbara Professor of Biology Santa Barbara, CA Department of Biological Science San Jose State University Jason Ladner, Ph.D. candidate Saratoga, CA Stanford University Monterey, CA Donald Kennedy, Ph.D. Professor Rebecca Lampe, M.S. candidate Department of Biology Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Stanford Biology Palo Alto, CA University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA Thomas Kirk, M.S. Wildlife Biologist Gary Langham, Ph.D. U.S. Forest Service Director of Bird Conservation Arcata, CA Audubon California Sacramento, CA Steve Kohlmann, Ph.D. Certified Wildlife Biologist Ronald Lanner, Ph.D. Tierra Resource Management Emeritus Visiting Scientist San Ramon, CA Institute of Forest Genetics Placerville, CA Gerald Kooyman, Ph.D. Research Professor Alvin Lappin, Ph.D. University of California, San Diego Assistant Professor La Jolla, CA Department of Biological Science California State Polytechnic University Jeannine Koshear, Ph.D. Pomona, CA Fresno City College Coarsegold, CA

Leah Larkin, Ph.D. Katharine Mach, Ph.D. candidate Assistant Professor Department of Biological Science Department of Biological Science Stanford University University of the Pacific Foster City, CA Stockton, CA Craig Magie, Ph.D. R. Larsen, D.V.M. Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department of Biology University of California California State University, Fresno West Sacramento, CA Fresno, CA

Andrew Latimer, Ph.D. Makela Mangrich, M.S. Assistant Professor Biologist Department of Plant Sciences ICF Jones & Stokes University of California Encinitas, CA Davis, CA Michael Marchetti, Ph.D. Gretchen Lebuhn, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Biology Associate Professor Department of Biology Department of Biology California State University, Chico San Francisco State University Chico, CA San Francisco, CA Sally Mathison, Ph.D. Emily Lindsey, M.S. candidate Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Integrative Biology Carson, CA University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA James McCammon, Ph.D. Professor Travis Longcore, Ph.D. University of California, San Diego Research Associate Professor La Jolla, CA Department of Geography University of Southern California Dan Mccoy, M.S. Los Angeles, CA Senior Scientist Weston Solutions Lawrence Lovell, B.S. Carlsbad, CA Scientist II Ocean Monitoring Lab Mariah Meek, Ph.D. candidate Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Graduate Group in Ecology San Pedro, CA University of California Davis, CA Michael Lynes, J.D. Conservation Director Robert Meese, Ph.D. Conservation Staff Research Associate IV Golden Gate Audubon Society Environmental Science & Policy Berkeley, CA University of California, Davis Davis, CA Stephanie Macdonald, M.S. San Jose State University Kay Mehren, D.V.M. San Jose, CA Veterinarian Emeritus Animal Health Centre Toronto Zoo Lemon Grove, CA Chase Mendenhall, Ph.D. candidate R. Chelsea Nagy, M.S. Bing Conservation & Ecology Graduate Fellow Auburn University Stanford University Los Angeles, CA Stanford, CA Lusetta Nelson, M.S. Matthew Meshriy, M.S. candidate Botanist Teacher Restoration and Ecological Vegetation Department of Biology National Park Service San Francisco State University El Portal, CA Concord, CA Melissa Newman, M.S. Anthony Metcalf, Ph.D. Biologist Associate Professor URS Corporation Department of Biology San Francisco, CA California State University Moreno Valley, CA Wallace Nichols, Ph.D. Research Associate Marc Meyer, Ph.D. California Academy of Sciences Ecologist Davenport, CA Sierra Nevada Research Institute Wawona, CA Kevin O'Connor, M.S. Restoration Project Manager Kevin Miklasz, Ph.D. candidate Moss Landing Marine Labs Hopkins Marine Station Felton, CA Stanford University Pacific Grove, CA Guy W. Oliver, Ph.D. Research Fellow Donald Miller, Ph.D. Institute of Marine Sciences Associate Professor University of California, Santa Cruz Department of Biological Science Santa Cruz, CA California State University, Chico Chico, CA John Orrock, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Brian Morgan, Ph.D. candidate Washington University GIS Manager, UC Davis Arboretum Santa Barbara, CA University of California, Davis Davis, CA Jeffrey Owen, B.S. Environmental GIS Specialist Heather Murdock, M.S. candidate URS Corporation Lecturer Oakland, CA Biology Department San Francisco State University Elizabeth Painter, Ph.D. San Francisco, CA Research Associate Santa Barbara, CA Allan Muth, Ph.D. Director Michael Papaik, Ph.D. Deep Canyon Desert Research Center Ecologist University of California, Riverside Department of Biology Palm Desert, CA Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, CA

Ivan Parr, B.S. Orien Richmond, M.S. Biologist Department of Environmental Science, Policy & URS Corporation Management Castro Valley, CA University of California, Berkeley San Francisco, CA Gail Patricelli, Ph.D. Assistant Professor John Roach, M.S. Evolution and Ecology Department Director University of California, Davis Systems Analysis & Research Davis, CA Foundation for California Community College Sacramento, CA Christopher Pincetich, Ph.D. Watershed Biologist Santi Roberts, M.S. Salmon Protection and Watershed Network California Project Manager Woodacre, CA Oceana Monterey, CA Thomas Powell, Ph.D. Professor, Integrative Biology Barry Roth, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley Principal Berkeley, CA Barry Roth, Consultant San Francisco, CA Mike Powers, M.S. Biologist Wesley Savage, Ph.D. University of California, Riverside Department of Biological Science San Diego, CA Lehigh University Davis, CA Jessica Pratt, M.S. Research Specialist Katherine Schick, Ph.D. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Department Assistant Specialist Orange County Society for Conservation Biology Essig Museum of Entomology Irvine, CA University of California, Berkeley Stockton, CA Janet Randall, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Biology Howard Shellhammer, Ph.D. San Francisco State University Emeritus Professor of Biology Union of Concerned Scientists San Jose State University Sebastopol, CA San Jose, CA

Jay Rehor, M.S. Peter Sherman, Ph.D. URS Corporation Associate Professor Oakland, CA Environmental Studies University of Redlands Kevin Rice, Ph.D. Angelus Oaks, CA Professor Department of Plant Sciences Stephen Sillett, Ph.D. University of California, Davis Professor Davis, CA Forestry and Wildland Resources Humboldt State University Henry Richardson, D.V.M. Arcata, CA American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Paradise, CA

David Smernoff, Ph.D. Joseph Street, M.S. Department of Biological Science Geological & Environmental Sciences Acterra Stanford University Portola Valley, CA San Francisco, CA

Adam Smith, Ph.D. candidate Meg Sutherland-Smith, D.V.M. University of California, Berkeley Veterinary Services Berkeley, CA San Diego Zoo San Diego, CA Jo Anne Smith, Ph.D. Research Scientist Kirsten Swinstrom, Ph.D. Institute of Analysis Natural Resources Santa Rosa Junior College University Atlantida Santa Rosa, CA San Diego, CA Alexandra Syphard, Ph.D. Wayne Spencer, Ph.D. Ecologist Senior Conservation Biologist Conservation Biology Institute Conservation Biology Institute San Diego, CA San Diego, CA Amy Terrell, M.S. Robert Spies, Ph.D. Water Resource Control Engineer President Regional Water Quality Control Board Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. State of California Little River, CA Citrus Heights, CA

Jeannie Stamberger, Ph.D. Kimberly Thompson, D.V.M. candidate Senior Biologist School of Veterinary Medicine Environmental Scientists University of California, Davis URS Corporation Davis, CA San Mateo, CA Angel Valdes, Ph.D. Paul Stapp, Ph.D. Professor Associate Professor Department of Biological Science Department of Biological Science California State Polytechnic University California State University Pomona, CA Fullerton, CA Richard Vance, Ph.D. Joshua Steele, Ph.D. candidate Professor Emeritus Marine Environmental Biology Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Southern California University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA Altadena, CA

Todd Steiner, M.S. Elisheva Verdi, M.S. Executive Director Department of Biology Turtle Island Restoration Network Sacramento City College Forest Knolls, CA Sacramento, CA

Glenn R. Stewart, Ph.D. T. Vickers Professor of Zoology & Environmental Science Associate Wildlife Veterinarian Department of Biological Science Wildlife Health Center California State Polytechnic University, Pomona University of California, Davis La Verne, CA Long Beach, CA H. Walker, Jr., M.S. Kathleen Whitney, Ph.D. University of California, San Diego Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine La Jolla, CA Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Jennifer Wang, Ph.D. candidate Santa Barbara, CA Environmental Science, Policy & Management University of California, Berkeley Mark Wilson, B.S. Berkeley, CA Biologist URS Corporation Jan Washburn, Ph.D. Lafayette, CA Environmental Studies Department University of California, Santa Cruz Shaye Wolf, Ph.D. Berkeley, CA Center for Biological Diversity Kensington, CA Michael Wasserman, Ph.D. candidate Environmental Science Policy & Management Douglas Yanega, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley Senior Museum Scientist Berkeley, CA Department of Entomology University of California Hartwell Welsh, Ph.D. Riverside, CA Research Ecologist Forest Service Research Muriel Zimmermann, M.S. U.S. Department of Agriculture Emeritus Professor, retired dean Arcata, CA Life Science Chaffey College Richard Whitkus, Ph.D. Calimesa, CA Professor Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, CA

COLORADO

Rick Adams, Ph.D. Michael Claffey, M.S. Professor Rick Adams Ecologist Department of Biological Science Claffey Ecological Consulting, Inc. University of Northern Colorado Fruita, CO Greeley, CO Doug Clark, B.S. David Armstrong, Ph.D. Zoologist Professor Self-employed Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Del Norte, CO University of Colorado, Boulder Loveland, CO Theo Colborn, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Mark Bakeman, Ph.D. Department of Zoology President University of Florida Ensight Technical Services, Inc. Paonia, CO Erie, CO

Mark Coleman, Ph.D. Tim Hogan, M.S. Principal Scientist Collections Manager, Herbarium Coleman Ecological, Inc. University of Colorado Museum of Natural Fort Collins, CO History Boulder, CO Patrick Comer, M.S. Chief Terrestrial Ecologist Larry Kline, M.S. Department of Ecology Retired, Natural Resource Scientist DOI NatureServe Utah State University Boulder, CO Lakewood, CO

David Crumpacker, Ph.D. Robin Knox, M.S. Professor Emeritus Coordinator Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Western Native Trout Initiative University of Colorado, Boulder Lakewood, CO Boulder, CO Buffy Lenth, M.S. Robert Dorsett, M.D. U.S. Peace Corps Instructor in Science and Mathematics Boulder, CO Meeker High School Meeker, CO Gregory Litus, Ph.D. Animal Place Della Garelle, D.V.M. Evergreen, CO Director of Conservation & Animal Health Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Margarette Lyon, M.S. Colorado Springs, CO Botanist Botany Department Tracy Halward, Ph.D. Colorado Natural Heritage Program Department of Biology Ridgway, CO Front Range Community College Longmont, CO Patrick Magee, Ph.D. Thornton Chair of Biology Elizabeth Harp, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Western State College Colorado State University Gunnison, CO Fort Collins, CO Robert Magill, M.S. William Heicher, B.S. Senior Wildlife Biologist Retired District Wildlife Manager Wildlife Specialites, LLC Colorado Division of Wildlife Palisade, CO Colorado Division of Wildlife Eagle, CO Christy McCain, Ph.D. Assistant Professor & Vertebrate Curator Shane Heschel, Ph.D. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Department of Biology University of Colorado, Boulder Colorado College Boulder, CO Colorado Springs, CO Carron Meaney, Ph.D. Walsh Environmental Scientists Boulder, CO

Barry Noon, Ph.D. Pam Smith, M.S. Professor Biologist Educator Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology City of Fort Collins Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO Fort Collins, CO Lesley Smith, Ph.D. Sheryn Olson, M.S. candidate Research Scientist U.S. Forest Service Cooperative Institute for Research in Steamboat Springs, CO Environmental Sciences University of Colorado, Boulder Richard Reading, Ph.D. Boulder, CO Director of Conservation Biology Denver Zoological Foundation Darrel Snyder, M.S. Denver, CO Research Scientist Larval Fish Laboratory/Department of Fish, Holmes Rolston III, Ph.D. Wildlife and Conservation Biology Department of Philosophy Colorado State University Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO Fort Collins, CO Winthrop Staples, M.S. Stephen Ross, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist Curator Emeritus of Fishes Department of Philosophy Museum of Southwestern Biology Colorado State University University of New Mexico Fort Collins, CO Pagosa Springs, CO Heather Swanson, Ph.D. Suzanne Royer, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecologist Senior Research Associate Open Space and Mountain Parks Department of Biology City of Boulder Colorado State University Longmont, CO Loveland, CO Harold Tyus, Ph.D. Robert Sanford, Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist University of Denver Cooperative Institute for Research in Denver, CO Environmental Sciences University of Colorado, Boulder Robert Schorr, Ph.D. candidate Boulder, CO Research Associate Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Tracy Woodall, D.V.M. Colorado Natural Heritage Program CO Department of Public Health & Environment Wellington, CO Monument, CO

Anna Sher, Ph.D. A. Wyckoff, Ph.D. candidate Associate Professor Graduate Research Assistant Department of Biological Science Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology University of Denver Colorado State University Denver, CO Fort Collins, CO

CONNECTICUT

Suzanne Alonzo, Ph.D. Sylvia Halkin, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Professor of Biology Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Department of Biology Yale University Central Connecticut State University New Haven, CT West Hartford, CT

Peter Auster, Ph.D. Torrance Hanley, Ph.D. candidate Research Associate Professor Yale University Department of Marine Sciences Glastonbury, CT University of Connecticut Chester, CT David Miller, Ph.D. Professor Ian Berke, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Postdoctoral Associate University of Connecticut Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Storrs, CT Yale University New Haven, CT Antonia Monteiro, Ph.D. Yale University Richard Campbell Hamden, CT Forestry Department Yale University John Nelson, Ph.D. New Haven, CT Bethlehem, CT

Robert Capers, Ph.D. Richard Prum, Ph.D. Plant collections manager Professor Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Yale University Mansfield Center, CT New Haven, CT

James Drennan, B.S. Michael Singer, Ph.D. Naturalist / Land Manager Assistant Professor National Audubon Society Department of Biology Naugatuck, CT Wesleyan University Middletown, CT Diana Drennan, Ph.D. Computational Chemist Stephen Stearns, Ph.D. Unilever R&D Professor Naugatuck, CT Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Yale University Elizabeth Evans, M.S. New Haven, CT President Evans Associates Environmental Consulting, Inc. Bethany, CT

DELAWARE

Charles Bartlett, Ph.D. Nathan Nazdrowicz, Ph.D. candidate Associate Professor Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware University of Delaware Newark, DE Wilmington, DE Janine Razze, M.S. candidate Angela Caranci, M.S. candidate Department of Entomology University of Delaware University of Delaware Wilmington, DE Newark, DE

Patrick Gaffney, Ph.D. Liz Tymkiw, M.S. candidate Professor Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Marine and Earth Studies University of Delaware University of Delaware Newark, DE Lewes, DE Kevina Vulinec, Ph.D. Brian Jennings, M.S. candidate Associate Professor Private Lands Wildlife Biologist Agriculture & Natural Resources Division of Fish and Wildlife Delaware State University State of Delaware Dover, DE Townsend, DE

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Jennifer Adams, M.S. Kelly Gravuer, M.S. Wildlife Biologist Research Botanist Office of Energy Projects Conservation Science Federal Energy Regulatory Commission NatureServe Washington, DC Washington, DC

G. Bancroft, Ph.D. Michael Hirshfield, Ph.D. Chief Scientist Chief Scientist National Audubon Society Oceana Washington, DC Washington, DC

Gregory Butcher, Ph.D. Viviana Jimenez, M.S. Director of Bird Conservation UNEP / Convention on Migratory Species National Audubon Society Washington, DC Washington, DC Carly Langlais, Ph.D. Margaret Collins, Ph.D. Senior Program Associate Senior Program Officer Research Competitiveness Program Board on International Scientific Organizations American Association for the Advancement of National Academy of Sciences Science Washington, DC Washington, DC

Kristofor Langlais, Ph.D. Newton More, M.S. Postdoctoral Fellow Research Associate National Institute of Child Health and Human Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Development George Washington University Medical Center National Institutes of Health Washington, DC Washington, DC Jennifer Palmer, M.S. Janet Mann, Ph.D. Ocean Revolution Professor Washington, DC Department of Biology Georgetown University Bruce Stein, Ph.D. Washington, DC Assistant Director for Wildlife Conservation and Global Warming Amanda Medori, M.S. National Wildlife Federation Land Advisory Services Washington, DC The Conservation Fund Washington, DC Brian Wee, Ph.D. NEON, Inc. Washington, DC

FLORIDA

David Addison, M.S. Ray Ashton, Ph.D. candidate Co-Director President Environmental Science Research & Professional Training The Conservancy of Southwest Florida Ashton Biodiversity Research & Pres. Ins Naples, FL Newberry, FL

Lindsay Addison, M.S. Lore Ayoub, Ph.D. Biologist Department of Biology U.S. Navy Contractor University of South Florida Naples, FL Saint Petersburg, FL

Joshua Amend, M.S. Richard Baker, Ph.D. Senior Forester Professor Emeritus Cooperative Forestry Assistance Section Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory Florida Division of Forestry University of Florida Gainesville, FL Sebastian, FL

Kelley Anderson, M.S. Andrea Barber, M.S. Marine Scientist Wildlife Legacy Biologist The Climate Foundation Division of Habitat and Species Conservation St. Petersburg, FL Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Ray Ashton, Ph.D. candidate St. Petersburg, FL President Research & Professional Training Brent Bellinger, Ph.D. Ashton Biodiversity Research and Preservation Postdoctoral Researcher Institute Soil and Water Science Newberry, FL University of Florida West Palm Beach, FL Brian Bradley, M.S. C. Dodd, Jr., Ph.D. Marine Science Courtesy Associate Professor University of South Florida Wildlife Ecology and Conservation St. Petersburg, FL University of Florida Gainesville, FL Noel Burkhead, M.S. Research Fisheries Biologist John Epler, Ph.D. U.S. Geological Survey Aquatic Entomologist Gainesville, FL Crawfordville, FL

Kathleen Cavell, D.V.M. Kristin Erickson, M.S. candidate Tallahassee, FL Marine Scientist Sustainable Fisheries Hillary Cherry, M.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric University of Florida Administration Hobe Sound, FL Coconut Grove, FL

John Constantinide, M.S. candidate Christopher Farrell, M.S. Department of Biology Saint Johns River Community College University of Miami St. Augustine, FL Coral Gables, FL Miguel Fernandes, Ph.D. candidate Walter R. Courtenay, Jr., Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor Emeritus of Zoology University of Miami Department of Biological Science Miami, FL Florida Atlantic University Gainesville, FL Anne Frances, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Associate Charles Covell, Ph.D. Environmental Horticulture Department Curator of Lepidoptera University of Florida McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity Gainesville, FL Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Shannon Gerardi, B.S. Gainesville, FL Environmental Specialist III Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bruce Cowell, Ph.D. Tallahassee, FL Professor of Biology, retired University of South Florida Matthew Gitzendanner, Ph.D. Lutz, FL Associate Scientist Department of Biology John Cozza, Ph.D. University of Florida Manager of teaching labs Gainesville, FL Department of Biology University of Miami Steven Green, Ph.D. Coral Gables, FL Professor Department of Biology James Culter, M.S. University of Miami Senior Scientist Homestead, FL Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota, FL

Azza Guertin, Ph.D. Edward Kopf, M.S. Professor Emeritus Teacher, retired Department of Biology Department of Science Santa Fe College Palm Beach School District Gainesville, FL Lake Worth, FL

Vivienne Handy, B.S. Marianne Korosy, Ph.D. candidate Professional Wetland Scientist Dept of Biology Quest Ecology Inc. University of Central Florida Wimauma, FL Palm Harbor, FL

Michelle Hoffman, M.S. Michael Lee, B.S. Environmental Scientist Associate Ecologist Seminole Tribe of Fla. ECT Lehigh Acres, FL Spring Hill, FL

Brian Inouye, Ph.D. Sandra Lemmon, Ph.D. Associate Professor Professor Department of Biological Science Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology Florida State University University of Miami Tallahassee, FL Miami, FL

Dale Jackson, Ph.D. William Loftus, Ph.D. Senior Research Zoologist Research Ecologist Florida State University Aquatic Research & Communication, LLC Tallahassee, FL Homestead, FL

Megan Jacoby, M.B.A. Harry Luther Environmental Scientist Curator Everglades Division Department of Plant Science & Conservation South Florida Water Management District Marie Selby Botanical Gardens West Palm Beach, FL Sarasota, FL

David Jenkins, Ph.D. Mikki McComb, Ph.D. candidate Associate Professor Department of Biological Science Department of Biology Florida Atlantic University University of Central Florida Delray Beach, FL Orlando, FL Brian Mealey, Ph.D. candidate Sally Jue, B.S. Executive Director Research Scientist Falcon Batchelor Division of Research Institute of Science and Public Affairs Institute of Wildlife Sciences Florida State University Village of Palmetto Bay, FL Tallahassee, FL Misty Nelson, M.S. candidate Robert Kobza, M.S. College of Marine Science Scientist II University of South Florida Watershed Management Rotonda West, FL South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach, FL

Eliane Norman, Ph.D. Manojit Roy, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Postdoctoral Associate Department of Biology Department of Biology Stetson University University of Florida Maitland, FL Gainesville, FL

Martha Nungesser, Ph.D. William Searcy, Ph.D. Senior Environmental Scientist Professor Watershed Management Department of Biology South Florida Water Management District University of Miami Lake Worth, FL Palmetto Bay, FL

John Ogden, Ph.D. David Shindle, M.S. Director/Professor Wildlife Biologist Integrative Biology Environmental Science Division University of South Florida Conservancy of Southwest Florida St. Petersburg, FL Naples, FL

Larry Page, Ph.D. Robert Shuford, III, M.S. Curator Staff Environmental Scientist Florida Museum of Natural History Watershed Management Gainesville, FL South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach, FL Stuart Pimm, Ph.D. Doris Duke Chair of Conservation Adrian Stier, B.S. Nicholas School of the Environment Department of Biology Duke University University of Florida Key Largo, FL Gainesville, FL

Kara Radabaugh, B.S. Walter Taylor, Ph.D. Biological Oceanography Professor Emeritus College of Marine Science Department of Biology University of South Florida, University of Central Florida Saint Petersburg, FL Winter Park, FL

Kelly Rezac, M.S. Alfred Thomson, M.S. Wildlife Biologist Research Assistant Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Florida Museum of Natural History Commission University of Florida Lakeland, FL Gainesville, FL

Johnny Richardson, M.S. Stephen Tonjes, M.S. Water Quality Scientist Environmental Scientist Engineering Section Environmental Management Department Leon County Florida Department of Transportation Tallahassee, FL DeLand, FL

Julissa Roncal, Ph.D. Kathryn Tosney, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Researcher Professor and Chair Department of Biological Science Department of Biology Aarhus University University of Miami Pembroke Pines, FL South Miami, FL Gabriel Vargo, Ph.D. Justin Whitfield, B.S. Associate Professor Emeritus Senior Biologist Marine Science URS Corporation University of South Florida Gainesville, FL St. Petersburg, FL Dana Williams, Ph.D. Alicie Warren, Ph.D. Assistant Scientist Florida International University University of Miami Homestead, FL Key Largo, FL

Clifford Webb, M.S. James Williams, Ph.D. Herpetologist Retired Biologist Quest Ecology Gainesville, FL Brandon, FL Gina Zimmerman, M.S. Jim Wellehan, D.V.M. Research Ecologist Alumni Fellow/Clinical Instructor Avian Research and Conservation Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL Gainesville, FL

Samantha Whitcraft, Ph.D. candidate Senior Research Associate Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami Miami, FL

GEORGIA

Brett Albanese, Ph.D. Carl Carroll, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist Professor State Agency Odum School of Ecology Watkinsville, GA University of Georgia Watkinsville, GA Sonia Altizer, Ph.D. Associate Professor Andrew Cartoceti, D.V.M. Odum School of Ecology Postdoctoral Research Associate University of Georgia Wildlife Disease Study Athens, GA University of Georgia Athens, GA Tammy Andros, M.S. candidate Department of Ecology Joseph Dirnberger, Ph.D. University of Georgia Professor Arnoldvsille, GA Kennesaw State University Kennesaw, GA Carla Atkinson, M.S. Research Technician Christina Faust, M.S. candidate J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center Masters Student Newton, GA Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens, GA Christine Fiorello, D.V.M. Kenneth Leonard, Ph.D. candidate Assistant Professor Odum School of Ecology Small Animal Medicine & Surgery University of Georgia University of Georgia Athens, GA Athens, GA Krisztian Magori, Ph.D. Carol Flaute, M.S. Postdoctoral Researcher University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Athens, GA University of Georgia Athens, GA Byron Freeman, Ph.D. Director and Curator of Zoology Daniel McGarvey, Ph.D. Georgia Museum of Natural History Postdoctoral Researcher University of Georgia Ecosystems Research Division Athens, GA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Judith Gordon, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Joseph McHugh, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor Augusta State University Department of Entomology Evans, GA University of Georgia Athens, GA Peter Kallay, M.S. General Manager Jacqueline Mohan, Ph.D. Environmental Services Assistant Professor Atlanta Environmental Consultants Odum School of Ecology Kennesaw, GA University of Georgia Athens, GA Ashley Keiser, Ph.D. candidate Forestry & Environmental Studies Barry Palevitz, Ph.D. Yale University Professor Emeritus Athens, GA Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Ronald Kneib, Ph.D. Athens, GA Senior Research Scientist Marine Institute John Pascarella, Ph.D. University of Georgia Associate Dean and Professor of Biology Sapelo Island, GA College of Science & Technology Georgia Southern University Andrew Kramer, Ph.D. Statesboro, GA Postdoctoral Associate Department of Ecology James Roper, Ph.D. University of Georgia Ecology and Conservation Athens, GA UFPR Appling, GA Paula Lemons, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Amy Rosemond, Ph.D. Department of Plant Biology Assistant Professor University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Bogart, GA University of Georgia Athens, GA

Cynthia Tant, M.S. Anthony Waldron, Ph.D. Institute of Ecology Research Associate University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Athens, GA University of Georgia Athens, GA Stacey Vigil, M.S. College of Veterinary Medicine James Wallace, Ph.D. University of Georgia Professor Jefferson, GA Department of Entomology and Ecology University of Georgia Athens, GA

HAWAII

Daniel Barshis, Ph.D. candidate Dashiell Dunkell, M.S. candidate Graduate Research Assistant Graduate Researcher Department of Zoology Natural Resources and Environmental Mgmt University of Hawaii, Manoa University of Hawaii, Manoa Kaneohe, HI Honolulu, HI

Kelly Boyle, M.S. candidate Daniela Dutra, Ph.D. candidate Department of Zoology Botany Department University of Hawaii University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI

Kent Bridges, Ph.D. Jesse Eiben, Ph.D. candidate Professor Department of Entomology Botany Department University of Hawaii University of Hawaii, Manoa Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Kevin Hall, M.S. Eben Broadbent, Ph.D. candidate Research Assistant Department of Biology Department of Zoology Stanford University University of Hawaii, Manoa Hilo, HI Kailua, HI

Marian Chau, M.S. candidate Aaron Hebshi, Ph.D. Botany Department Natural Resource Specialist University of Hawaii, Manoa Hickam AFB Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI

Jan Dierking, Ph.D. Durrell Kapan, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Researcher Assistant Research Professor University of Hawaii Center for Conservation Research and Training Honolulu, HI University of Hawaii, Manoa Honolulu, HI David Duffy, Ph.D. Professor Botany Department University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI Sterling Keeley, Ph.D. Neil Snow, Ph.D. Professor Botanist Botany Department Bishop Museum University of Hawaii, Manoa Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI David Spafford Creighton Litton, Ph.D. Research Assistant/Graduate Student Assistant Professor, Forest Ecology Botany Department Natural Resources and Environmental University of Hawaii, Manoa Management Honolulu, HI University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI Bill Standley, M.S. Wildlife Biologist Neva Meyer, Ph.D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Postdoctoral Fellow Honolulu, HI Pacific Biosciences Research Center University of Hawaii Tamara Ticktin, Ph.D. Honolulu, HI Associate Professor Botany Department Tom Ranker, Ph.D. University of Hawaii Professor & Chair Honolulu, HI Department of Botany University of Hawaii, Manoa Kevin Weng, Ph.D. Honolulu, HI Manager Pelagic Fisheries Research Program Randi Rhodes, B.S. University of Hawaii Department of Zoology Honolulu, HI University of Hawaii, Manoa Honolulu, HI James White, B.S. Marine Biologist Clifford Smith, Ph.D. Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii Professor Emeritus Honolulu, HI Botany Department University of Hawaii Kailua, HI

IDAHO

Bruce Ackerman, Ph.D. Joanna Schultz, Ph.D. Staff Biologist Senior Consultant Idaho Department of Fish and Game Earth Information Systems Boise, ID Troy, ID

Greg Burak, M.S. Jack Sullivan, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist Professor of Biology Idaho Department of Fish and Game Department of Biological Science Boise, ID University of Idaho Moscow, ID Stephan Flint, M.S. Utah State University (retired) Moscow, ID Nancy Wood, M.S. Pete Zager, Ph.D. Boise, ID Principal Wildlife Research Biologist Idaho Department of Fish and Game Lewiston, ID

ILLINOIS

Michael Allen, B.S. Elizabeth Davis-Berg, Ph.D. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Assistant Professor Conservation Biology Science & Mathematics University of Illinois Columbia College Chicago Urbana, IL Chicago, IL

Alison Anastasio, Ph.D. George Feldhamer, Ph.D. University of Chicago Professor Chicago, IL Department of Zoology Southern Illinois University Richard Anderson, Ph.D. Carbondale, IL Professor and Chair Department of Biological Science Erin Grey, Ph.D. candidate Western Illinois University Department of Ecology and Evolution Macomb, IL University of Chicago Chicago, IL Joseph Armstrong, Ph.D. Professor of Botany Stephen Hager, Ph.D. Department of Biological Science Co-Chair and Associate Professor Illinois State University Biology Department Normal, IL Augustana College Rock Island, IL Rudiger Bieler, Ph.D. Curator, Department of Zoology Priscilla Joyner, D.V.M. Field Museum of Natural History Wildlife Veterinarian Oak Park, IL Global Health Program Wildlife Conservation Society Jeffrey Brawn, Ph.D. Arlington Heights, IL Professor and Director Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Jason Koontz, Ph.D. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Assistant Professor White Heath, IL Department of Biology Augustana College Everett Cashatt, Ph.D. Rock Island, IL Chair and Curator Department of Zoology Andrea Kramer, Ph.D. Illinois State Museum Executive Director Springfield, IL Botanic Gardens Conservation International Glencoe, IL Martha Cook, Ph.D. Assoc Prof of Botany Department of Biological Science Illinois State University Normal, IL Kipp Kruse, Ph.D. Lauren Quinn, Ph.D. Professor Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Biology University of Illinois Eastern Illinois University Urbana, IL Charleston, IL Lucia Rothman-Denes, Ph.D. Sabine Loew, Ph.D. Professor Associate Professor Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology Department of Biology The University of Chicago Illinois State University Chicago, IL Normal, IL Scott Sakaluk, Ph.D. Kenneth McCravy, Ph.D. Professor Associate Professor Department of Biological Science Department of Biological Science Illinois State University Western Illinois University Normal, IL Macomb, IL N. Saunders, Ph.D. candidate Susan Meiers, Ph.D. Research Assistant Associate Professor Southern Illinois University Carbondale Department of Biology Dowell, IL Western Illinois University Macomb, IL Krissa Skogen, Ph.D. Conservation Scientist Gina Morgan, M.S. Department of Plant Science and Conservation University of Memphis Chicago Botanic Garden Chicago, IL Glencoe, IL

Daniel Niven, Ph.D. Leellen Solter, Ph.D. Senior Scientist for Bird Conservation Insect Pathologist/Adjunct Professor Department of Science Illinois Natural History Survey National Audubon Society University of Illinois Champaign, IL Urbana, IL

Henry Owen, Ph.D. Richard Sparks, Ph.D. Professor Director of Research Department of Biological Science National Great Rivers Research Center Eastern Illinois University Elsah, IL Charleston, IL Brooke Talley, M.S. Ken Paige, Ph.D. Department of Zoology Professor and Head Southern Illinois University Animal Biology Carbondale, IL University of Illinois Urbana, IL Ben Wodika, M.S. Department of Plant Biology Stephen Pruett-Jones, Ph.D. Southern Illinois University Associate Professor Carbondale, IL Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago Edmond Zaborski, Ph.D. Riverside, IL University of Illinois Champaign, IL INDIANA

Jenny Bodwell, Ph.D. candidate Richard Jensen, Ph.D. Department of Biology Department of Biology Indiana State University Saint Mary's College Terre Haute, IN Notre Dame, IN

James Brenneman, Ph.D. Vicky Meretsky, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Biology Associate Professor University of Evansville School of Public and Environmental Affairs Newburgh, IN Indiana University Bloomington, IN Patrick Burton, Ph.D. Assistant Professor David Parkhurst, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor, retired Wabash College Environmental Science, Biology Crawfordsville, IN Indiana University Bloomington, IN Dale Edwards, Ph.D. Department of Biology L. Polley, Ph.D. University of Evansville Professor of Biology Evansville, IN Department of Biology Wabash College Brian Ernsting, Ph.D. Crawfordsville, IN Associate Professor Department of Biology Rebecca Sparks-Thissen, Ph.D. University of Evansville Assistant Professor Newburgh, IN Department of Biology Wabash College Kevin Gibson, Ph.D. Crawfordsville, IN Associate Professor of Weed Science Purdue University Gayle Tonkovich, M.S. West Lafayette, IN Research Specialist Botany Department Robert Hunter, Ph.D. Field Museum of Natural History Chair, Research Committee Whiting, IN Indianapolis Zoo Fishers, IN Joel Vanderbush, M.S. Executive Director Amanda Ingram, Ph.D. Education/Husbandry Assistant Professor Animalia Department of Biology Indianapolis, IN Wabash College Crawfordsville, IN John Whitaker, Ph.D. Professor of Life Sciences Ellen Jameson, M.S. Department of Ecology and Organismal Biology Research Associate Indiana State University School of Public and Environmental Affairs Terre Haute, IN Indiana University Bloomington, IN

IOWA

Paul Bartelt, Ph.D. Erwin Klaas, Ph.D. Professor of Biology Professor Emeritus Department of Biology Natural Resources Ecology Management Waldorf College Iowa State University Forest City, IA Ames, IA

Russ Benedict, Ph.D. Richard Lampe, Ph.D. Associate Professor Professor Department of Biology Department of Biology Central College Buena Vista University Pella, IA Storm Lake, IA

Naomi Bobe, D.V.M. candidate Marina McCoy, D.V.M. candidate Center for Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Iowa State University Ames, IA Ames, IA

James Colbert, Ph.D. Becky Noel, D.V.M. candidate Associate Professor American Veterinary Medical Association Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Ames, IA Organismal Biology Iowa State University Todd Ontl, M.S. Ames, IA Graduate Research Assistant Natural Resource Ecology and Management Brent Danielson, Ph.D. Iowa State University Professor Ames, IA Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Organismal Biology Todd Ontl, M.S. Iowa State University Graduate Research Assistant Ames, IA Natural Resource Ecology and Management Iowa State University Diane Debinski, Ph.D. Ames, IA Professor Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Naida Osborne, D.V.M. candidate Organismal Biology College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Iowa State University Ames, IA Ames, IA

Anna Gurevich, D.V.M. candidate Jennifer Quinlan, D.V.M. candidate College of Veterinary Medicine American Veterinary Medical Association Iowa State University Ames, IA Ames, IA Nivedita Ravichandran, D.V.M. candidate Karri Haen, Ph.D. candidate College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Iowa State University Ames, IA Ames, IA

Nicole Seda, D.V.M. candidate Paul Skrade, M.S. College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Iowa State University Ames, IA Ames, IA Irma Tapia, M.S. candidate Amanda Silverberg, D.V.M. candidate M.S. candidate Ames, IA Natural Resource Ecology and Management Iowa State University Ames, IA

KANSAS

Kenneth Armitage, Ph.D. Richard Packauskas, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Department of Biological Science Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Fort Hays State University The University of Kansas Hays, KS Lawrence, KS Joan Ratzlaff, M.S. Scott Campbell, M.S. Environmental Scientist II Associate Director State of Kansas University of Kansas Field Station Salina, KS Lawrence, KS Mackenzie Shardlow, M.S. candidate Helen Hands, M.S. Graduate Research Assistant Wildlife Biologist Division of Biology Fisheries & Wildlife Department Kansas State University Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Manhattan, KS Great Bend, KS Val Smith, Ph.D. Lorna Harder, M.S. candidate Professor Department of Biology Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Hesston College University of Kansas Hesston, KS Lawrence, KS

Christine Hinze, D.V.M. Kimberly With, Ph.D. American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians Associate Professor Wichita, KS Department of Biology Kansas State University Anthony Joern, Ph.D. Manhattan, KS Professor of Biology Division of Biology Eugene Young, M.S. Kansas State University Professor, Editor KOS Bulletin Olsburg, KS Department of Science Northern Oklahoma College Donald Kaufman, Ph.D. Arkansas City, KS Professor Biology Department Kansas State University Manhattan, KS KENTUCKY

Terry Derting, Ph.D. Lisa Schmoetzer, M.S. Murray State University Ecologist Murray, KY Self-employed Lawrenceburg, KY Claire Fuller, Ph.D. Associate Professor Allison Smith, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology Department of Biology Murray State University University of Louisville Murray, KY Louisville, KY

Deborah Hill, Ph.D. Professor Forestry Department University of Kentucky Lexington, KY

LOUISIANA

Lauren Alleman, M.S. candidate Kyle Haynes, Ph.D. Department of Biology Postdoctoral Researcher University of Louisiana, Lafayette Department of Biology Lafayette, LA University of Louisiana Lafayette, LA Anne Bradburn, M.S. Curator of the Tulane Herbarium Nola Meyer, M.S. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Environmental Scientist Tulane University Department of Environmental Quality New Orleans, LA Haughton, LA

Kenneth Brown, Ph.D. Karen Perry, Ph.D. candidate Professor Louisiana State University Department of Biological Science Baton Rouge, LA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA Thomas Sherry, Ph.D. Professor Jessica Deichmann, Ph.D. candidate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Louisiana State University Tulane University Baton Rouge, LA New Orleans, LA

Alina Evans, D.V.M. Veterinary Clinical Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA

MAINE

Shirley Davis, M.S. Frances Perlman, M.S. Emerita Columbia University, retired Life Long Learning West Paris, ME Orono, ME Mary Petersen, Ph.D. Angela Fuller, Ph.D. Scholar in Residence (Retired but active) Associate Graduate Faculty Darling Marine Center Department of Wildlife Ecology University of Maine University of Maine Walpole, ME Orono, ME Collin Roesler, Ph.D. David Hart, Ph.D. Associate Research Scientist Director and Professor School of Marine Sciences Mitchell Ctr. for Environmental Research University of Maine University of Maine Alan, ME Winterport, ME Erin Simons, Ph.D. candidate Malcolm Hunter, Ph.D. Assistant Scientist Libra Professor of Conservation Biology Department of Wildlife Ecology Wildlife Ecology University of Maine University of Maine Old Town, ME Orono, ME Frederick Wright, Ph.D. John Lemons, Ph.D. Southwest Harbor, ME Professor Department of Environmental Studies Marie Louise Zwicker, M.S. candidate University of New England Florida Atlantic University/ Nova Southeastern Biddeford, ME University Sullivan, ME David Mallett, M.S. candidate Wildlife Ecology University of Maine Old Town, ME

MARYLAND

David Angelini, Ph.D. Joanne Bintz, Ph.D. assistant professor Senior Program Manager Department of Biology Coastal Research American University Southeastern Universities Research Assn Buckeystown, MD Silver Spring, MD

Lawrence Barringer, M.S. candidate University of Delaware Norman Bourg, Ph.D. Newark, MD National Zoological Park Smithsonian Institution Takoma Park, MD

Maeghan Brass, M.S. candidate Allen Hirsh, Ph.D. University of Maryland Senior Scientist Takoma Park, MD Cryobiophysica, Inc. Silver Spring, MD Imes Castro, M.S. Biologist Thomas Ihde, Ph.D. South America Division Fishery Biologist Conservation International Versar Silver Spring, MD Lusby, MD

David Curson, Ph.D. David Inouye, Ph.D. Director of Bird Conservation Professor Maryland-DC Science Department of Biology National Audubon Society University of Maryland Baltimore, MD College Park, MD

James Dietz, Ph.D. William Jeffery, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of Biology Department of Biology University of Maryland University of Maryland College Park, MD Dickerson, MD

Kenneth Duren, M.S. candidate Clinton Jenkins, Ph.D. University of Delaware Research Associate Elkton, MD Biology Department University of Maryland Matthew Erdman, M.S. candidate College Park, MD Sustainable Development & Conservation Biology Program David Keller, Ph.D. candidate University of Maryland Graduate Research Assistant Chevy Chase, MD Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Daniel Feller, B.S. Cambridge, MD Western Region Biologist Natural Resources Al Kinlaw, Ph.D. Maryland State Government Pharmacist and Biologist Frostburg, MD University of Maryland Medical Center Pikesville, MD Ann Gallagher, M.S. Research Professor David Kleiman, Ph.D. George Mason University Smithsonian Institution Bethesda, MD Chevy Chase, MD

Francesca Grifo, Ph.D. John Lill, Ph.D. Senior Scientist and Director Associate Professor of Biology Scientific Integrity Program Department of Biological Science Union of Concerned Scientists George Washington University Bethesda, MD Silver Spring, MD

Julie Hebert, Ph.D. candidate University of Maryland Beltsville, MD John Majsztrik, Ph.D. candidate Marcia Shofner, Ph.D. Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Assistant Director, Biological Sciences Architecture College of Chemical & Life Sciences University of Maryland University of Maryland, College Park Laurel, MD College Park, MD

Allison McDaniel, M.S. Gwen Stanko, M.S. candidate Research Associate Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Mesoscale Discovery Owings Mills, MD Germantown, MD Jeffrey Stibick, Ph.D. Maile Neel, Ph.D. Staff Officer (Emergency Planning) Assistant Professor Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Department of Plant Science and Landscape U.S. Department of Agriculture Architecture Riverdale, MD University of Maryland College Park, MD Alison Straka, M.S. candidate Graduate Research Assistant Tamara Newcomer, M.S. candidate Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, UMCES Sea Grant Fellow Lusby, MD Marine Estuarine Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Christopher Tudge, Ph.D. Solomons, MD Assistant professor Department of Biology Ellen Paul, M.S. American University Executive Director Takoma Park, MD Ornithological Council Chevy Chase, MD Gerald Wilkinson, Ph.D. Professor Eric Punkay, Ph.D. Department of Biology Senior Research Associate University of Maryland SeaWeb University Park, MD Takoma Park, MD William Williams, Ph.D. Erin Reed, M.S. candidate Professor University of Delaware Department of Biology Elkton, MD St. Mary's College of Maryland Dameron, MD Tina Rhea, M.S. Greenbelt, MD Christy Wolovich, Ph.D. Visiting Assistant Professor of Biology Daniel Salomon, M.S. Department of Biology Ministry of Human-Animal Reconciliation St. Mary's College of Maryland Rockville, MD Lexington Park, MD

Steve Sheffield, Ph.D. Professor Natural Sciences Bowie State University Crofton, MD

MASSACHUSETTS

James L. Baird, Jr, Ph.D. Ralph Clover, Ph.D. Director Emeritus Cambridge, MA Avery Point Campus University of Connecticut Jim Corven, Ph.D. Mashpee, MA Associate Professor, Science & Mathematics Bristol Community College Adam Bausch, M.S. Sandwich, MA Research Assistant Africa Program Evan Dalton, B.S. Woods Hole Research Center Biological Technician Falmouth, MA Manomet Bird Observatory Kingston, MA Pieter Beck, Ph.D. Woods Hole Research Center Kery Ellis, M.S. candidate Falmouth, MA Conservation Biology Antioch New England Graduate School Aaron Bernstein, M.D. Holyoke, MA Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Peter Frumhoff, Ph.D. Director of Science and Policy David Boufford, Ph.D. Union of Concerned Scientists Senior Research Scientist Cambridge, MA Harvard University Herbaria Cambridge, MA Russell Gaulin, M.S. Environmental Analyst Ken Buesseler, Ph.D. GIS Program Senior Scientist Massachusetts Department of Environmental Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Protection Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Winchendon, MA Woods Hole, MA Scott Goetz, Ph.D. Salvatore Cerchio, Ph.D. Senior Scientist Associate Conservation Scientist Woods Hole Research Center Cetacean Conservation and Research Program Falmouth, MA Wildlife Conservation Society Quincy, MA Douglas Goldman, Ph.D. Harvard University Megan Chesser, M.S. candidate Cambridge, MA Amphibian Research Technician Natural Resources Conservation Sandra Haire, Ph.D. University of Massachusetts, Amherst Ecologist Amherst, MA Natural Resources Conservation University of Massachusetts Eric Chivian, M.D. Amherst, MA Director and Assistant Professor Center for Health and Global Environment James Hanken, Ph.D. Harvard Medical School Director Boston, MA Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Concord, MA Brian Harrington, M.S. Susannah Lerman, Ph.D. candidate Senior Scientist, Emeritus Research Assistant Coastal Wildlife Department of Biology Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences University of Massachusetts Plymouth, MA Amherst, MA

Rebecca Harris, Ph.D. Jeffrey Lerner, M.S. Director, Coastal Waterbird Program Adjunct Professor Conservation Science and Ecol. Man. Department of Biology Mass Audubon Holyoke Community College Yarmouth Port, MA Worcester, MA

Troy Hill, M.S. Aviva Liebert, Ph.D. Research Assistant Assistant Professor The Ecosystems Center Department of Biology Marine Biological Laboratory Framingham State College Longmeadow, MA Brookline, MA

Martha Hoopes, Ph.D. Michael Loranty, Ph.D. Clare Boothe Luce Assistant Professor Postdoctoral Research Fellow Department of Biological Science Woods Hole Research Center Mount Holyoke College Falmouth, MA Easthampton, MA Luis Malaret, Ph.D. Markes Johnson, Ph.D. Professor of Biology Professor of Geosciences Department of Biology Williams College Community College of Island Williamstown, MA Worcester, MA

David Kaplan, M.S. Charles Marshall, Ph.D. Watershed Protection Supervisor Professor of Biology and Geology City of Cambridge Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department Cambridge, MA Harvard University Cambridge, MA Gretchen Kaufman, D.V.M. Assistant Professor Janet Martin, D.V.M. Department of Environmental and Population Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Health Tufts University Tufts University Southbridge, MA Cambridge, MA Sarah McCormack, D.V.M. candidate Amy Knowlton, M.S. Tufts University Research Scientist Grafton, MA Research Department New England Aquarium Judy McKinley Brewer, Ph.D. Cambridge, MA Senior Postdoctoral Research Associate Department of Biology Denise Lello, Ph.D. University of Massachusetts, Amherst Adjunct Professor, Research Associate Amherst, MA Department of Biological Science Smith College Northampton, MA Dana Moseley, Ph.D. candidate Allen Rutberg, Ph.D. Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department Research Assistant Professor University of Massachusetts, Amherst Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Northampton, MA Tufts University Holliston, MA Michael Nelson, Ph.D. Invertebrate Zoologist Jennifer Seavey, Ph.D. candidate Endangered Species Program Natural Resource Conservation MA Division of Fisheries & Wildlife Smith College Westborough, MA Hadley, MA

Laura Parfrey, Ph.D. candidate David Tapley, Ph.D. Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Associate Professor University of Massachusetts, Amherst Department of Biology Amherst, MA Salem State College Salem, MA Harold Pariser, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Christie Taylor, D.V.M. candidate Department of Biology Tufts University Salem State College Millbury, MA Salem, MA Luke Thompson, Ph.D. candidate Irene Pepperberg, Ph.D. Department of Biology Adjunct Associate Professor Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Psychology Boston, MA Brandeis University Swampscott, MA Brad Timm, M.S. Wildlife Ecologist Nicholas Pioppi, M.S. candidate Department of Natural Resources Conservation Environmental Associate University of Massachusetts, Amherst Alden Research Laboratory, Inc. Greenfield, MA Wellesley, MA Sacha Vignieri, Ph.D. Swee Quek, Ph.D. Post-Doctoral Fellow Harvard University Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department Cambridge, MA Harvard University Watertown, MA Stan Rachootin, Ph.D. Professor Tracy Ware, Ph.D. Department of Biological Science Professor Mount Holyoke College Department of Biology Amherst, MA Salem State College Salem, MA J. Reed, Ph.D. Professor Richard Wright, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor of Biology, Emeritus Tufts University Gordon College Medford, MA Byfield, MA

Jill Yoshizawa, D.V.M. candidate Tufts University Westborough, MA MICHIGAN

Matthew Chatfield, Ph.D. candidate Peter Kaufman, Ph.D. University of Michigan Professor of Biology Ann Arbor, MI University of Michigan Manchester, MI Tanya Dewey, Ph.D. Researcher Jerry Lang, Ph.D. Museum of Zoology North Muskegon, MI University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI Wei Liu, Ph.D. candidate Michigan State University Emily Farrer, Ph.D. candidate East Lansing, MI Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Sheila Lyons-Sobaski, Ph.D. Ann Arbor, MI Assistant Professor Department of Biology Anna Fiedler, Ph.D. candidate Albion College Michigan State University Albion, MI Lansing, MI Stephen Malcolm, Ph.D. William Fink, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of Biological Science Museum of Zoology Western Michigan University University of Michigan Kalamazoo, MI Ann Arbor, MI Philip Myers, Ph.D. Lori Hertel, M.S. Professor Biology Lab Director Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department of Biology Museum of Zoology Hope College University of Michigan Fennville, MI Ann Arbor, MI

Geoffrey Horst, M.S. Michael Nelson, Ph.D. Fisheries & Wildlife Department Professor Michigan State University Fisheries and Wildlife Howell, MI Michigan State University Perry, MI Daria Hyde, M.S. Conservation Scientist Georgia Richards, D.V.M. Conservation Planning U.S. Department of Agriculture, retired Michigan Natural Features Inventory Kentwood, MI Lansing, MI John Rippon, Ph.D. Peter Kaplan, Ph.D. candidate Professor Teacher Medicine Kaplan, Inc. University of Chicago Ann Arbor, MI Sawyer, MI

Catherine Riseng, Ph.D. Duane Ullrey, Ph.D. University of Michigan Professor Emeritus Ann Arbor, MI Animal Science and Fisheries & Wildlife Michigan State University Gary Roloff, Ph.D. Okemos, MI Assistant Professor Fisheries & Wildlife Department Philip von Voigtlander, Ph.D. Michigan State University Research Director, retired East Lansing, MI CNS Research Pharmacia Richard Smith, Ph.D. Northport, MI Vice President IA/Threefold Sensors, Inc Kathy Winnett-Murray, Ph.D. Dexter, MI Professor Department of Biology Hope College Holland, MI

MINNESOTA

Ira Adelman, Ph.D. David Garshelis, Ph.D. Professor Research Scientist Fisheries, Wildlife, & Conservation Biology Wildlife Research Department Minnesota Department of Natural Resources University of Minnesota Grand Rapids, MN St. Paul, MN Jon Grinnell, Ph.D. Richard Baker, M.S. FM Uhler Chair in Biology Endangered Species Coordinator Department of Biology Golden Valley, MN Gustavus Adolphus College St. Peter, MN Mike Davis, B.S. Aquatic Ecologist Evan Hazard, Ph.D. Ecological Resources Professor Emeritus Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Biology Department Wabasha, MN Bemidji State University Bemidji, MN William Faber, Ph.D. Natural Resources Instructor Kathy Holzer, Ph.D. Central Lakes College Senior Program Officer Brainerd, MN Conservation Breeding Specialist Group Northfield, MN Michael Fox, Ph.D. Veterinarian & Bioethicist Gary Huschle, M.S. Fox's Pen Inc Consultants Wildlife Biologist Golden Valley, MN Retired, Certified Wildlife Biologist Leonard, MN

Margaret Kuchenreuther, Ph.D. Michael North, M.S. Associate Professor of Biology Environmental Assessment Ecologist Division of Science and Mathematics Minnesota Department of Natural Resources University of Minnesota, Morris Pillager, MN Morris, MN Kathleen Shea, Ph.D. Beaulin Liddell, M.S. Professor of Biology Area Wildlife Supervisor Department of Biology Section of Wildlife Management St. Olaf College Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Northfield, MN Little Falls, MN Sue Wick, Ph.D. John Loegering, Ph.D. Professor Associate Professor Department of Plant Biology, Biology Program University of Minnesota University of Minnesota Crookston, MN St. Paul, MN

Ulrike Munderloh, Ph.D. Kevin Zippel, Ph.D. Associate Professor Program Director Department of Entomology Amphibian Ark University of Minnesota Apple Valley, MN Roseville, MN

MISSISSIPPI

Deborah Gochfeld, Ph.D. Kathy Shelton, M.S. University of Mississippi South MS Conservation Biologist Oxford, MS Museum of Natural Science MS Department of Wildlife, Fisheries & Parks David Holly, Ph.D. Biloxi, MS Mississippi State University Oxford, MS Charles Spence, M.S. Instructor Jean O'Neil, Ph.D. Department of Science Vicksburg, MS Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College Gulfport, MS Mark Peterson, Ph.D. Professor University of Southern Mississippi Ocean Springs, MS

MISSOURI

James Allen, Ph.D. Jenna Armstrong, D.V.M. candidate Research Assistant Professor University of Missouri Department of Biological Science Columbia, MO University of Missouri Hermann, MO Jeffrey Bonner, Ph.D. President and CEO St. Louis Zoo St. Louis, MO Beth Bowles, Ph.D. Patrick Osborne, Ph.D. Research Scientist Executive Director Department of Biology Department of Biology Missouri State University University of Missouri, St. Louis Fair Grove, MO St. Louis, MO

Rainer Bussmann, Ph.D. Peter Raven, Ph.D. Director President William L. Brown Center Missouri Botanical Garden Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis, MO St. Louis, MO Larry Rizzo, M.S. Donna Hart, Ph.D. Natural History Biologist Associate Teaching Professor Missouri Department of Conservation Anthropology Blue Springs, MO University of Missouri, St. Louis St. Louis, MO Michael Roell, Ph.D. Resource Science Supervisor Emily Horner, M.S. Missouri Department of Conservation Natural History Biologist Harrisburg, MO Missouri Department of Conservation HIgginsville, MO Heidi Schmidt, M.S. Missouri Botanical Garden Kathryn Kennedy, Ph.D. St. Louis, MO Executive Director Center For Plant Conservation John Schulz, M.S. St. Louis, MO Resource Scientist Resource Science Division Dylan Kesler, Ph.D. Missouri Department of Conservation Assistant Professor Columbia, MO Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences University of Missouri, Columbia Ginger Takle, D.V.M. Columbia, MO Zoo Veterinarian Kansas City Zoo Stephanie Lathrop, Ph.D. candidate Kansas City, MO Program in Immunology Washington University in Saint Louis Sandta Tedder, Ph.D. St. Louis, MO Professor Tedder Department of Biology A.J.C. Lenox, M.S. NorthWest AR Comm. College Washington University in Saint Louis Bolivar, MO St. Louis, MO Richard Zander, Ph.D. Lee O'Brien, M.S. Research Associate Webster Groves, MO Research and Conservation Missouri Botanical Garden Linda Oestry, Ph.D. candidate St. Louis, MO Research Librarian Research Department Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis, MO

MONTANA

Thomas Bansak, M.S. Eloise Kendy, Ph.D. Research Scientist Director, Environmental Flows Program Flathead Lake Biological Station Conservation Sciences Division University of Montana The Nature Conservancy Bigfork, MT Helena, MT

Norman Bishop, M.S. John Kirkley, Ph.D. Retired Resources Interpreter Professor of Biology Yellowstone Center for Resources Department of Biology National Park Service The University of Montana - Western Bozeman, MT Dillon, MT

Jedediah Brodie, Ph.D. Craig Knowles, Ph.D. David H. Smith Conservation Fellow FaunaWest Wildlife Consultants Wildlife Biology Program Townsend, MT University of Montana Missoula, MT Pamela Knowles, M.S. Wildlife Ecologist Peter Coppolillo, Ph.D. FaunaWest Wildlife Consultants Associate Conservation Ecologist Townsend, MT Yellowstone Rockies Program Wildlife Conservation Society Craig Kuchel, M.S. Bozeman, MT Florence-Carlton School Florence, MT Janelle Corn, Ph.D. Research Associate L. Lyon, Ph.D. Western Ag. Research Center Scientist Emeritus Montana State University Rocky Mountain Research Station Florence, MT U.S. Forest Service Missoula, MT Richard Fredrickson, Ph.D. Faculty Affiliate Bruce Maxwell, Ph.D. Wildlife Biology Program Professor University of Montana Land Resources & Environmental Sciences Missoula, MT Montana State University Bozeman, MT Christopher Frissell, Ph.D. Director of Science and Conservation Anthony McCue, M.S. candidate Pacific Rivers Council Department of Biology Polson, MT Memorial University Ennis, MT Steven Gilbert, B.S. Associate Sterling Miller, Ph.D. Montana Peregrine Institute National Wildlife Federation Helena, MT Missoula, MT

Pat Munday, Ph.D. Nike Stevens, Ph.D. Professor of Sci & Tech Studies Stevens Wildlife Consulting Technical Communication Bozeman, MT University of Montana Walkerville, MT Vicki Watson, Ph.D. Professor Mike Phillips, M.S. Environmental Studies Restoration Ecologist University of Montana Turner Endangered Species Fund Missoula, MT Bozeman, MT Peggy Wood, M.S. Raina Plowright, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist Pennsylvania State University Bozeman, MT Bozeman, MT

Tatyana Rand, Ph.D. Research Ecologist Sidney, MT

NEBRASKA

Rick Brenneman, Ph.D. Stephen Spomer, M.S. Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo Research technologist Omaha, NE Department of Entomology University of Nebraska Matthew Giovanni, Ph.D. candidate Lincoln, NE School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska, Lincoln Brigitte Tenhumberg, Ph.D. Lincoln, NE Assistant Professor School of Biological Sciences Barbara Kagima, M.S. University of Nebraska, Lincoln Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska, Lincoln Lincoln, NE Andrew Tyre, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Jeffrey Luskj, Ph.D. School of Natural Resources Adjunct Assistant Professor University of Nebraska, Lincoln School of Natural Resources Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska, Lincoln Lincoln, NE NEVADA

Andrew Ammons, Ph.D. Mark Atkinson, D.V.M. Postdoctoral Researcher Game Division Administrator School of Life Sciences Nevada Department of Wildlife University of Nevada, Las Vegas Reno, NV Las Vegas, NV Nicholas Bechtold, B.S. Habitat Restoration Coordinator Great Basin Institute/USFWS Las Vegas, NV Willliam Belknap, M.S. Amanda Neiswenter, M.S. Boulder City, NV Environmental Coordinator/Lead Biologist Southern Nevada Water Authority Peter Brussard, Ph.D. Las Vegas, NV Professor Emeritus Department of Biology Kurt Regner, Ph.D. University of Nevada Assistant Professor Reno, NV School of Life Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas Eileen Carey, Ph.D. Las Vegas, NV Senior Planner Planning and Evaluation Brett Riddle, Ph.D. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency Professor Stateline, NV School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas Michael Crognale, Ph.D. Las Vegas, NV Director, Cognitive and Brain Sciences Department of Psychology and Biomedical Raymond Saumure, Ph.D. Engineering Wildlife Biologist University of Nevada, Reno Research Department Reno, NV The Springs Preserve Las Vegas, NV Craig Downer, Ph.D. candidate Wildlife Ecologist Peter Starkweather, Ph.D. Andean Tapir Fund Professor of Life Sciences Minden, NV School of Life Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas Alex Heindl, M.S. Las Vegas, NV Private Consultant Desert WalkAbouts, Inc. John Tull, Ph.D. Henderson, NV Conservation Director Nevada Wilderness Project Susan Mortenson, Ph.D. candidate Reno, NV Department of Ecology University of Nevada Reno Stephen Zitzer, Ph.D. Reno, NV Research Professor Earth and Ecosystems Sciences Rob Mrowka, M.S. Desert Research Institute Ecologist Las Vegas, NV Center for Biological Diversity North Las Vegas, NV

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Jeb Byers, Ph.D. Richard Holmes, Ph.D. Department of Ecology Professor of Environmental Biology Emeritus University of Georgia Department of Biological Science Durham, NH Dartmouth College Grantham, NH

Marian Litvaitis, Ph.D. Inga Sidor, D.V.M. Professor of Zoology Senior Veterinary Pathologist Natural Resources and the Environment NH Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Madbury, NH Durham, NH

John Litvaitis, Ph.D. Professor of Wildlife Ecology Natural Resources University of New Hampshire Durham, NH NEW JERSEY

Scott Buchanan, M.S. candidate Courtney Richmond, Ph.D. Department of Biology Associate Professor Montclair State University Department of Biological Science West Orange, NJ Rowan University Glassboro, NJ Elizabeth Ciuzio, M.S. New Jersey Audubon Heather Saffert, Ph.D. Cape May Court House, NJ Staff Scientist Clean Ocean Action William Cromartie, Ph.D. Highlands, NJ Associate Professor Environmental Science Jennifer Samson, Ph.D. Richard Stockton College Principal Scientist Egg Harbor City, NJ Clean Ocean Action Short Hills, NJ John Glendinning, Ph.D. Professor Whitney Wiest, M.S. candidate Department of Biological Science Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Barnard College University of Delaware New Providence, NJ Ridgewood, NJ

Amy Greene, M.S. Katherine Wilkin, M.S. President Field Scientist, Former Amy S. Greene Environmental Consultants Plainfield, NJ Flemington, NJ

Earle Post, M.S. Department of Science Jefferson Township H.S., retired Branchville, NJ

NEW MEXICO

Ayesha Burdett, Ph.D. Stephanie Carman, M.S. Postdoctoral Research Associate Aquatic Ecologist Department of Biology New Mexico Department of Game and Fish University of New Mexico Santa Fe, NM Albuquerque, NM Peter David, M.S. Tim Lowrey, Ph.D. Senior Ecologist Professor SWCA, Inc Department of Biology Albuquerque, NM University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM Sophia Engel, Ph.D. Department of Biology Michelle McCaulley, B.S. University of New Mexico Biologist Albuquerque, NM Rio Grande Basin Bat Project Corrales, NM Kim Freeman, D.V.M. Santa Fe, NM Julie McIntyre, Ph.D. candidate Conservation Biologist Jennifer Frey, Ph.D. Department of Biology Associate Professor University of New Mexico Dept Fish, Wildlife, Conservation Ecology Albuquerque, NM New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM Brian Miller, Ph.D. Executive Director Patricia Griffin, M.S. Wind River Ranch Foundation The Wildlife Society Watrous, NM Las Cruces, NM Sierra Netz, M.S. candidate David Hanson, Ph.D. University of New Mexico Associate Professor Albuquerque, NM Department of Biology University of New Mexico David Parsons, M.S. Albuquerque, NM Wildlife Biologist Carnivore Conservation C Hayes, M.S. The Rewilding Institute Wildlife Biologist Albuquerque, NM Conservation Services Division New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Roger Peterson, Ph.D. Rio Rancho, NM Professor St. John's College M. Holzwarth, Ph.D. Santa Fe, NM Professor Department of Biology Reese Phillips, Ph.D. candidate New Mexico State University Department of Biology Hillsboro, NM University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM Julie Kutz, B.S. Biologist Jennifer Plaut, Ph.D. candidate Albuquerque, NM Department of Biology University of New Mexico Kenneth Letendre, Ph.D. candidate Albuquerque, NM Research Fellow Department of Biology Deborah Risberg, B.S. University of New Mexico President Albuquerque, NM New Mexico Riparian Council Albuquerque, NM

Gary Roemer, Ph.D. Associate Professor Philip Tonne, M.S. Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology Botanist New Mexico State University University of New Mexico Las Cruces, NM Albuquerque, NM

Mason Ryan, Ph.D. candidate Paul Watson, Ph.D. Department of Biology Research Assistant Professor Albuquerque, NM Department of Biology University of New Mexico Howard Snell, Ph.D. Albuquerque, NM Professor Department of Biology Shawn Whiteman, Ph.D. candidate University of New Mexico Department of Biology Albuquerque, NM University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM Peter Stacey, Ph.D. Research Professor Anna Young, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology Department of Biology University of New Mexico New Mexico State University Santa Fe, NM Las Cruces, NM

Robert Tafanelli, Ph.D. New Mexico State University, retired Las Cruces, NM

NEW YORK

Awilda Acaron, D.V.M. candidate Carol Berman, Ph.D. Ithaca, NY Professor Anthropology Erika Barthelmess, Ph.D. State University of New York, Buffalo Associate Professor Orchard Park, NY Department of Biology St. Lawrence University Larry Buckley, Ph.D. Canton, NY Associate Head of Life Sciences Department of Biological Science Susan Bartlett, D.V.M. Rochester Institute of Technology Lecturer Rochester, NY Section of Wildlife Health, Clinical Science Cornell University Martha Burford, Ph.D. Ithaca, NY Postdoctoral Associate Natural Resources Harold Bauer, Ph.D. Cornell University Scientist Ithaca, NY Institute Evolution & Development Wayland, NY Mark Carey, M.S. QC Manager Mary Ann Bayne, M.S. Microbiology Department LCI Wyeth Worcester, NY Rock Tavern, NY Donna Cassidy-Hanley, Ph.D. Angela Gardner, B.S. Cornell University Senior Biologist Freeville, NY Ecology and Environment, Inc. Springville, NY Mark Christensen, Ph.D. candidate Prismark Caroline Girard, M.S. candidate Centerport, NY Department of Biology State University of New York, Albany Christina Colon, Ph.D. Cohoes, NY President Nature Network Michale Glennon, Ph.D. New York, NY Associate Conservation Scientist Wildlife Conservation Society Elmire Conklin, M.S. Saranac Lake, NY Teacher, retired Columbia University Timothy Green, Ph.D. Warwick, NY Cultural & Natural Resource Manager Environmental Protection Division Thomas Daniels, Ph.D. Brookhaven National Laboratory Associate Research Scientist Upton, NY Department of Biology Fordham University Elizabeth Hunter, M.S. candidate Armonk, NY SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry John Dennehy, Ph.D. Ithaca, NY Professor Department of Biology Andrea Indelicato, M.S. candidate Queens College NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Flushing, NY Albany, NY

Janis Dickinson, Ph.D. Kurt Jirka, M.S. Associate Professor of Natural Resources Associate Scientist Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology EcoLogic, LLC Cornell University Ithaca, NY Ithaca, NY Robert Johnson, Ph.D. Andrew Farnsworth, Ph.D. Professor Postdoctoral Research Associate Medaille College Conservation Science Clarence Center, NY Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology New York, NY Marilyn Jordan, Ph.D. Conservation Biologist Michael Friedman, Ph.D. The Nature Conservancy American Museum of Natural History Huntington Station, NY Hewlett, NY Walter Koenig, Ph.D. Sarah Gagnon, Ph.D. Senior Scientist Scientific Editor, retired Lab of Ornithology Ecological Society of America Cornell University West Danby, NY Ithaca, NY

Fred Koontz, Ph.D. Marion Perkus, Ph.D. Executive Director Senior Scientist Teatown Lake Reservation Virogenetics, retired Ossining, NY Bovina Center, NY

Arthur Kopelman, Ph.D. Michelle Pesce, D.V.M. candidate Professor of Science Cornell University Science and Mathematics Department Ithaca, NY The State University of New York New York, NY William Pfitsch, Ph.D. Associate Professor Howard Lasker, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor Hamilton College Geology Department Clinton, NY University at Buffalo Amherst, NY Rebecca Pinder, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology James MacDonald, Ph.D. University at Albany Fisheries Specialist Catskill, NY New York Seagrant Long Island City, NY Daniel Potts, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Suzanne Macey, M.S. candidate Department of Biology Department of Biological Science Buffalo State College Fordham University Buffalo, NY Bronx, NY Paul Ray, M.S. Kate McFadden, Ph.D. Resource Conservationist Assistant Professor Natural Resources Conservation Service Department of Ecology, Evolution, & U.S. Department of Agriculture Environmental Biology Chittenango, NY Columbia University New York, NY Ariana Rickard, M.S. Ecologist Catherine McGlynn, Ph.D. Old Westbury Gardens Biologist Rego Park, NY Hudsonia Barrytown, NY Margaret Schadler, Ph.D. Research Professor of Biology Emerita Mark Norris, Ph.D. Department of Biological Science Assistant Professor American Society of Mammalogists Environmental Science & Biology Schenectady, NY State University of New York, Brockport Brockport, NY Kimberly Schulz, Ph.D. Associate Professor Erin Page, M.S. Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Associate Scientist SUNY College of Environmental Science and HDR, Inc. Forestry Syracuse, NY Syracuse, NY

Ashleigh Smythe, Ph.D. Susan Tsang, Ph.D. candidate Visiting Assistant Professor City University of New York Department of Biology Fresh Meadows, NY Hamilton College Clinton, NY Barbara Welker, Ph.D. Assistant Professor David Spiering, M.S. Anthropology Ecologist State University of New York, Geneseo Tifft Nature Preserve Geneseo, NY Buffalo Museum of Science Buffalo, NY Ernest Williams, Ph.D. Professor Dayalan Srinivasan, Ph.D. Department of Biology Postdoctoral Associate Hamilton College Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Clinton, NY Princeton University New York, NY Maiken Winter, Ph.D. Visiting Fellow Shannon Straub, Ph.D. candidate Lab of Ornithology Departmet of Plant Biology Cornell University Cornell University Ithaca, NY Ithaca, NY David Strayer, Ph.D. William Zitek, D.V.M. Senior Scientist American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Shelter Island Heights, NY Millbrook, NY

Janice Thies, Ph.D. Professor Crop and Soil Sciences Cornell University Ithaca, NY NORTH CAROLINA

Jeffrey Beane, B.S. Amber Bonilla, Ph.D. candidate Herpetology Collections Manager Department of Biology Research and Collections, Herpetology Dartmouth College North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences New Bern, NC Raleigh, NC Mark Brinson, Ph.D. Richard Bierregaard, Ph.D. Professor Visiting Distinguished Research Professor Department of Biology Department of Biology East Carolina University University of North Carolina, Charlotte Greenville, NC Charlotte, NC Ileana Clavijo, Ph.D. Howard Bomze, Ph.D. Associate Professor Neurobiology University of North Carolina, Wilmington Duke University Wilmington, NC Durham, NC

John Cooper, Ph.D. David Lee, M.S. Research Curator of Crustaceans Curator of Birds, Retired Research and Collections Ornitholigy North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh, NC Raleigh, NC

Larry Crowder, Ph.D. William Mackin, Ph.D. Stephen Toth Professor of Marine Biology Partner Marine Science and Conservation Jadora International LLC Nicholas School, Duke University Durham, NC Beaufort, NC Lynn Maguire, Ph.D. Amanda Curtin, Ph.D. Professor of the Practice Assistant Director Environmental Science and Policy Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment Duke Durham, NC Durham, NC

Laurel Degernes, D.V.M. Michael McCartney, Ph.D. Associate Professor Associate Professor College of Veterinary Medicine Biology and Marine Biology North Carolina State University University of North Carolina, Wilmington Raleigh, NC Wilmington, NC

M. Frazer, M.S. Keri Monda, Ph.D. Environmental Supervisor Epidemiology NC Department of Transportation University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Raleigh, NC Carrboro, NC

John Gerwin, M.S. Jeffrey Moore, Ph.D. Curator of Birds Research Scientist Research and Collections Duke University North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Beaufort, NC Raleigh, NC Christopher Paradise, Ph.D. David Grant, Ph.D. Associate Professor Professor Emeritus of Biology Department of Biology Davidson College Davidson College Davidson, NC Huntersville, NC

Leigh Anne Harden, M.S. candidate Joe Poston, Ph.D. University of North Carolina, Wilmington Associate Professor Wilmington, NC Department of Biology Catawba College Jennifer Hurley Salisbury, NC North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC Harold Pratt, Ph.D. Research Curator of Birds Kristen Kostelnik, Ph.D. candidate Research & Collections North Carolina State University North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Cary, NC Raleigh, NC

Ed Raiola, Ph.D. Ann Somers, M.S. Professor & Department Chair Lecturer Outdoor Leadership Studies Department Department of Biology Warren Wilson College University of North Carolina, Greensboro Asheville, NC Greensboro, NC

Julie Reynolds, Ph.D. Lucia Upchurch, M.S. Department of Biology Research Technician Duke University Biology Department Durham, NC Portland State University Durham, NC Laela Sayigh, Ph.D. Research Specialist Cathy Williams, D.V.M. Department of Biology Director of Animal Health Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Duke University Lemur Center Wilmington, NC Chapel Hill, NC

Rebecca Schwartz, M.S. candidate Lori Williams, M.S. Department of Ecology Mountain Wildlife Diversity Biologist University of North Carolina Division of Wildlife Management Atlantic Beach, NC NC Wildlife Resources Commission Fletcher, NC Anthony Snider, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Susan Yarnell, Ph.D. candidate Environmental Studies Senior Volunteer University of North Carolina, Wilmington Piedmont Wildlife Center Wilmington, NC Chapel Hill, NC

NORTH DAKOTA

Jennifer Kross, M.S. Biologist Jamestown, ND OHIO

Volker Bahn, Ph.D. Richard Berry, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Preventive Medicine Department of Biological Sciences Ohio Department of Public Health, retired Wright State University Columbus, OH Dayton, OH Richard Bradley, Ph.D. Anne Baker, Ph.D. Associate Professor Executive Director/CEO Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Toledo Zoological Gardens Ohio State University Waterville, OH Delaware, OH

Michael Barrie, D.V.M. A. Gandolf, D.V.M. Director of Animal Health Veterinarian & Research Associate Columbus Zoo The Wilds Powell, OH Zanesville, OH Jennifer Gillen, M.S. candidate Timothy Muir, Ph.D. candidate Department of Environmental and Plant Biology Department of Zoology Ohio University Miami University Zaleski, OH Oxford, OH

Sarah Harrelson, M.S. Jeff Niehaus, B.S. Botanist Biologist Ecology & Wetlands Ecological Hull & Associates EnviroScience, Inc. Dublin, OH Stow, OH

Martin Hilovsky, M.S. Marilyn Norconk, Ph.D. President Professor EnviroScience, Inc. Department of Anthropology Stow, OH Kent State University Youngstown, OH Martin Huehner, Ph.D. Senior Scientist Joseph Papineau, M.S. Freshwater Mussel Division GIS Analyst / Biologist EnviroScience, Inc. Ecological Services Blacklick, OH EnviroScience, Inc. Stow, OH Jamie Krejsa, B.S. Director of Ecological Services Shannon Poling, M.S. candidate Ecological Division Biological Anthropology EnviroScience, Inc. Kent State University Stow, OH Akron, OH

Robert Lacy, Ph.D. Thomas Rooney, Ph.D. Senior Conservation Scientist Assistant Professor Chicago Zoological Society Department of Biological Sciences Waterville, OH Wright Sate University Dayton, OH Timothy Matson, Ph.D. Curator and Head Debra Shankland, B.S. Vertebrate Zoology Naturalist Cleveland Museum of Natural History Cleveland Metroparks Cleveland, OH Peninsula, OH

Eric Maurer, Ph.D. Michael Sitvarin, M.S. candidate Director Department of Zoology Center for Environmental Studies Miami University University of Cincinnati Oxford, OH Cincinnati, OH Victoria Snyder, M.S. candidate Carl McDaniel, Ph.D. Mount Union College Visiting Professor Alliance, OH Environmental Studies Oberlin College Oberlin, OH

Kristin Stanford, Ph.D. candidate Courtney Van Voorhis, M.S. Research Associate Lab Manager Department of Biological Science EnviroScience, Inc. Northern Illinois University Uniontown, OH Put-In-Bay, OH Michael Vincent, Ph.D. Harry Stone, Ph.D. Curator Miami University Department of Botany Cincinnati, OH Miami University Oxford, OH Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Ph.D. Associate Professor James Zagray, M.S. Department of Biological Science High School Biology Teacher Wright State University Streetsboro, OH Dayton, OH

OKLAHOMA

Brian Aucone, B.S. Julianne Hoagland, M.S. Director of Animal Management Wildlife Biologist Animal Division Environmental Programs Oklahoma City Zoo & Botanical Garden Oklahoma Department of Transportation Oklahoma City, OK Norman, OK

Charles Carpenter, Ph.D. Daniel Hough, M.S. Professor Emeritus Information Technology Analyst II Department of Zoology Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman, OK norman, OK Dan Reinking, B.S. Anne Cross, Ph.D. Senior Biologist Instructor of Biology Sutton Avian Research Center Math and Science Division Bartlesville, OK Tulsa Community College Tulsa, OK Sharon Young, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Jennifer Dagostino, D.V.M. Department of Biology Director of Veterinary Services Southern Nazarene University Oklahoma City, OK Mustang, OK

Michelle Davis, D.V.M. Associate Veterinarian Oklahoma City, OK

OREGON

David Alexander, Ph.D. Bruce Coblentz, Ph.D. University of Portland Professor of Wildlife Ecology Portland, OR Fisheries & Wildlife Department Oregon State University Warren Aney, M.S. Corvallis, OR Senior Wildlife Ecologist Self-employed Sandra DeBano, Ph.D. Tigard, OR Assistant Professor Fisheries & Wildlife Department Roberto Anitori, Ph.D. Oregon State University Ophthalmology Hermiston, OR Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR Katie Delaney, M.S. candidate Marine Estuarine and Environmental Scien Christopher Beatty, Ph.D. University of Maryland Postdoctoral Fellow Portland, OR Department of Ecology and Animal Biology University of Vigo David Dobkin, Ph.D. Lebanon, OR Executive Director High Desert Ecological Research Inst. Ursula Bechert, Ph.D. Bend, OR Director off-campus programs College of Science Steven Fain, Ph.D. Oregon State University Research Scientist Corvallis, OR U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Ashland, OR Cortni Borgerson, M.S. candidate Portland State University Sarah Foltz, M.S. Portland, OR Conservation Biologist Department of Entomology Scott Bowler, M.S. Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Lower School Science Teacher Portland, OR Lower School The Catlin Gabel School David Fuller, Ph.D. Portland, OR Professor, retired Rogue Community College David Braun, Ph.D. Brookings, OR Hood River, OR Sally Gee, B.S. Josh Caplan, Ph.D. Fish Research Portland State University Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Portland, OR La Grande, OR

John Chapman, Ph.D. Susan Geer, M.S. Courtesy Associate Professor Botanist Fisheries & Wildlife Department U.S. Forest Service Oregon State University La Grande, OR Newport, OR

Thomas Giesen, Ph.D. candidate Philip Jones, Ph.D. Department of Environmental Science Adjunct Faculty University of Idaho Department of Biology Corvallis, OR Clark College Estacada, OR Elizabeth Glenn, Ph.D. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Cynthia Jones, M.S. Oregon State University Biologist Corvallis, OR MWH Portland, OR Catherine Gumtow-Farrior, M.S. Oregon State University Daniel Jones, M.S. Prineville, OR Environmental Scientist Oregon State University Daniel Gumtow-Farrior, M.S. Sutherlin, OR Oregon State University Prineville, OR Keith Karoly, Ph.D. Department of Biology Marilyn Harlin, Ph.D. Reed College Professor Portland, OR Department of Biological Science University of Rhode Island Steven Kolmes, Ph.D. Portland, OR Rev. John Molter, C.S.C., Chair in Science Environmental Studies Program Tim Hoffnagle, Ph.D. University of Portland Research Biologist / Associate Professor Portland, OR Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife La Grande, OR Ralph Lampman, M.S. candidate Fisheries Biologist Angela Horgan, Ph.D. Siuslaw National Forest Instructor U.S. Forest Service Clinical and Translational Research Center Florence, OR Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR Meta Landys, Ph.D. Courtesy Faculty Robert Hughes, Ph.D. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Senior Research Professor Oregon State University Fisheries & Wildlife Department Corvallis, OR Oregon State University Corvallis, OR Grant Law, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Research Assistant Don Jacobson, B.S. Center for Coastal Margin Obs. & Pred. Executive Director, Retired Oregon Health & Science University Forest Issues Group Portland, OR Portland, OR Paul MacMillan, Ph.D. Sarina Jepsen, M.S. Professor Emeritus Entomologist Department of Biology The Xerces Society Hanover College Portland, OR Bend, OR

Marion Mann, M.S. Matthew Orr, Ph.D. Oregon State University Instructor South Beach, OR Department of Biology University of Oregon Tom Manning, M.S. Bend, OR Senior Faculty Research Assistant Dept of Forest Ecosystems & Society Jaimie Powell, Ph.D. Oregon State University Department of Biology Philomath, OR Portland State University Portland, OR Kimberly Maun, D.V.M. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Alan Rankin, M.D. Portland, OR Providence Portland Medical Center Portland, OR Marianne McClure, Ph.D. candidate Biometrician Andrew Ray, Ph.D. Fisheries Management Research Associate Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission Natural Sciences Department Portland, OR Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath Falls, OR Karen McLeod, Ph.D. Department of Zoology Jim Ruzycki, Ph.D. Oregon State University Supervisory Fisheries Biologist Corvallis, OR Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife La Grande, OR Anne Millhollen, Ph.D. University of Oregon Yale Sacks, M.D. Eugene, OR Central Point, OR

Cynthia Mills, D.V.M. Susan Salafsky, M.S. Portland Community College Ecologist Portland, OR U.S. Forest Service Corvallis, OR Vanessa Morgan, M.S. candidate Research Assistant Matthew Shepherd, M.S. Environmental Sciences & Management Senior Conservation Associate Portland State University The Xerces Society Portland, OR Portland, OR

S. Nelson, M.S. Michael Snow, Ph.D. Research Wildlife Biologist Tyson Distinguished Professor Fisheries & Wildlife Department Department of Biology Oregon State University University of Portland Corvallis, OR Portland, OR

Kathleen O'Reilly, Ph.D. Vicki Tripoli, Ph.D. Associate Professor and Chair Environmental Scientist Department of Biology National Center for Conservation Science and University of Portland Policy Portland, OR Ashland, OR

Joe Tyburczy, Ph.D. candidate Natalie Vasey, Ph.D. Department of Zoology Associate Professor Oregon State University Anthropology Corvallis, OR Portland State University Portland, OR Honor Vallor, M.S. Adjunct Faculty Andrew Yost, Ph.D. Religious Studies Forest Ecologist Marylhurst University Forest Resources Planning Portland, OR Oregon Department of Forestry Salem, OR

PENNSYLVANIA

Wilbur Amand, D.V.M. Edith Dooley, M.S. candidate West Chester, PA Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Hillel Brandes, Ph.D. Pittsburgh, PA Principal Applications Chemist Supelco / Sigma Aldrich David Eissenstat, Ph.D. State College, PA Chair of Graduate Program in Ecology Department of Horticulture David Brotherton, M.S. Pennsylvania State University Environmental Scientist University Park, PA Harrisburg, PA Nicole Freidenfelds, M.S. Jeffrey Buler, Ph.D. Pennsylvania State University Research Scientist State College, PA Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware Alina Freire-Fierro, M.S. Newark, PA Collections Manager Botany Department John Cigliano, Ph.D. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Associate Professor and Chair Philadelphia, PA Department of Biology Cedar Crest College Dawn Gorham, Ph.D. Allentown, PA Executive Director Pocono Heritage Land Trust Amanda Conover, M.S. candidate Pocono Pines, PA Masters Candidate Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Jeremy Harper, M.S. University of Delaware Hydrologic Technician/Aquatic Ecologist Ardmore, PA U.S. Geological Survey/Pennsylvania State Wormleysburg, PA Robert Curry, Ph.D. Professor Reginald Hoyt, M.S. Department of Biology President/CEO Villanova University Forest Partners International Villanova, PA Flourtown, PA

Daniel Janzen, Ph.D. Tim Maret, Ph.D. Professor of Conservation Biology Professor Department of Biology Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Shippensburg University Philadelphia, PA Shippensburg, PA

Sherwood Johnson, D.V.M. Dennis McNair, Ph.D. Internal Medicine Associate Professor and Chair Veterinary Medical Specialists of Pittsburgh Department of Biology Pittsburgh, PA University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown Johnstown, PA Daniel Klem, Jr., Ph.D. Professor Douglas Miller, Ph.D. Department of Biology Associate Professor Muhlenberg College Geography Department Allentown, PA Pennsylvania State University State College, PA Stan Kotala, M.D. Conservation Chair Sean Mullen, Ph.D. Juniata Valley Audubon Assistant Professor Hollidaysburg, PA Department of Biological Science Lehigh University James Koterski, D.V.M. Bethlehem, PA Veterinary Services of Orrtanna Pennsylvania Orrtanna, PA Eric Post, Ph.D. Professor Frank Kuserk, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor Pennsylvania State University Department of Biological Science University Park, PA Moravian College Bethlehem, PA Louis Reynolds, M.S. Biologist Frederick Lanni, Ph.D. Environmental Protection Agency Associate Professor Avella, PA Department of Biological Science Carnegie Mellon University Daniel Rhoads, Ph.D. Pittsburgh, PA Cornell University Pennsburg, PA Theo Light, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Gregory Setliff, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology Assistant Professor Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology Shippensburg, PA Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Kutztown, PA Kristin Lorent, Ph.D. Senior Research Investigator Ronald Smith, Ph.D. candidate Medicine Professor of Biology University of Pennsylvania Mercer County College Philadelphia, PA Langhorne, PA

Amanda Stein, M.S. Timothy Willaman, B.S. Director Biologist Land Conservation and Planning EnviroScience, Inc. Wildlands Conservancy Inc. Ambridge, PA Emmaus, PA Marianna Wood, Ph.D. Sue Thompson, Ph.D. Associate Professor Director, 3 Rivers Ecology Research Center Biological and Allied Health Sciences PA Fish and Boat Commission Bloomsburg University Pittsburgh, PA Orangeville, PA

Michael Torocco, M.S. Herpetological Associates, Inc. Bethel, PA

RHODE ISLAND

John Coleman, Ph.D. Dorothy Read, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Biology Professor Emerita Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department of Biology Brown University University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth Providence, RI Kingston, RI

John Costello, Ph.D. Johanna Schmitt, Ph.D. Professor Stephen T. Olney Professor Department of Biology Environmental Change Initiative Providence College Brown University Providence, RI Providence, RI

Sunshine Menezes, Ph.D. Linda Steere, M.S. Executive Director Principal Wetland Biologist Metcalf Institute Applied Bio-Systems, Inc. URI Office of Marine Programs West Kingston, RI Narragansett, RI

SOUTH CAROLINA

Tamatha Barbeau, Ph.D. Janice Chism, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor of Biology and Anthropology Francis Marion University Department of Biology Florence, SC Winthrop University Rock Hill, SC Kurt Buhlmann, Ph.D. Associate Research Scientist Phillip Dustan, Ph.D. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Professor University of Georgia Department of Biology New Ellenton, SC College of Charleston Charleston, SC

Andrew Dyer, Ph.D. Katherine Rainwater, D.V.M. Assistant Professor Birds and Exotics Animal Care Biology & Geology Department Mt. Pleasant, SC University of South Carolina, Aiken Aiken, SC Lisa Rapaport, Ph.D. Department of Biological Science Blaine Griffen, Ph.D. Clemson University Assistant Professor Clemson, SC Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Erik Sotka, Ph.D. Columbia, SC Assistant Professor Department of Biology John Hutchens, Jr., Ph.D. College of Charleston Associate Professor of Biology Charleston, SC Department of Biology Coastal Carolina University Austin Trousdale, Ph.D. Myrtle Beach, SC Assistant Professor Department of Biology Travis Knowles, M.S. Lander University Associate Professor Greenwood, SC Department of Biology Francis Marion University Elizabeth Vanderhoff, Ph.D. Florence, SC Assistant Professor of Biology Francis Marion University Barton Marcy, M.S. Florence, SC Aiken, SC

John Rae, Ph.D. Shirley Malloy Professor of Biology Department of Biology Francis Marion University Florence, SC

TENNESSEE

Roger Applegate, M.S. Steven Baskauf, Ph.D. Wiildlife Biologist Senior Lecturer Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency Department of Biological Science Nashville, TN Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN Thomas Barr, Ph.D. Professor of Biological Sciences Emeritu Sean Blomquist, Ph.D. T. H. Morgan School of Biological Sciences Tennessee Tech University University of Kentucky Cookeville, TN Nashville, TN Andrew Brower, Ph.D. Carol Baskauf, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of Biology Department of Biology Middle Tennessee State University Austin Peay State University Christiana, TN Pleasant View, TN

Christopher Brown, Ph.D. Christopher Hulsey, Ph.D. Associate Professor University of Tennessee Department of Biology Knoxville, TN Tennessee Technological University Cookeville, TN Susan Mikota, D.V.M. Director of Veterinary Programs and Research Jillyn Carpenter, M.S. Elephant Care International Sewanee, TN Hohenwald, TN

Richard Foster, M.S. Patrick Rakes, M.S. Habitat Manager Director Partners of the Cherokee National Forest Conservation Fisheries, Inc. Madisonville, TN Knoxville, TN

Philip Ganter, Ph.D. Monette Rebecca, B.S. Professor Director, Environmental Scientist Department of Biological Sciences Richland Creek Watershed Alliance Tennessee State University Nashville, TN Nashville, TN Liane Russell, Ph.D. G. Golinski, Ph.D. Retired Senior Corporate Fellow Karen Golinski Ecological Consulting Oak Ridge National Laboratory Nashville, TN Oak Ridge, TN

Gwen Griffith, D.V.M. Peter Schweizer, Ph.D. Executive Director Oak Ridge National Laboratory Alliance of Veterinarians for the Environment Oak Ridge, TN Nashville, TN Craig Walker, M.S. Don Hubbs, M.S. Ecologist Statewide Mussel Program Coordinator Office of Surface Mining Fish Management U.S. Department of Interior Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency Knoxville, TN Camden, TN Howard Whiteman, Ph.D. Karen Hughes, Ph.D. Professor Professor Department of Biological Science Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Murray State University University of Tennessee Paris, TN Knoxville, TN

Dafeng Hui, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville, TN

TEXAS

Tom Arsuffi, Ph.D. Don Killebrew, Ph.D. Director, Llano River Field Station Professor and Chair Texas Tech University Department of Biology Junction, TX The University of Texas at Tyler Whitehouse, TX Deborah Blackburn, B.S. Senior Scientist Anthony Kinyo, M.S. TRC Environmental Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Austin, TX University of Akron Houston, TX Susan De Long, Ph.D. candidate Research Assistant Ben Liles, Ph.D. Environmental Engineering Department Professor Emeritus of Biology University of Texas, Austin Salado, TX Pflugerville, TX Carol Moulton, M.S. candidate Thomas deMaar, D.V.M. Graduate Research Assistant Senior Veterinarian Department of Biology Gladys Porter Zoo University of Texas, Arlington Brownsville, TX Arlington, TX

James Dobie, Ph.D. Rachael Ranft, M.S. Professor Emeritus Wildlife Biologist Department of Biology Hill Country Rivers Projects Auburn University The Nature Conservancy Kerrville, TX Fischer, TX

Amy Dunham, Ph.D. James Reddell, B.S. Research Faculty Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Texas Natural Science Center Rice University University of Texas, Austin Houston, TX Austin, TX

Daniel Formanowicz, Ph.D. Karen Schulze, Ph.D. Professor and Graduate Adviser Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Biology Baylor College of Medicine University of Texas, Arlington Houston, TX Arlington, TX Thomas Shirley, Ph.D. Barbara Gregg, Ph.D. Endowed Chair and Professor Austin, TX Harte Research Institute Texas A&M University Rick Hammer, Ph.D. candidate Corpus Christi, TX Assistant Professor Department of Biology R. Slack, Ph.D. Hardin-Simmons University Regents Professor Abilene, TX Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Texas A&M University College Station, TX

William Stasey, Ph.D. candidate Elizabeth Walsh, Ph.D. Graduate Research Assistant Professor Feline Research Center Department of Biological Science Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute University of Texas, El Paso Kingsville, TX El Paso, TX

Ray C. Telfair II, Ph.D. Stephen Ziser, Ph.D. Wildlife Habitat Assessment Biologist, retired Professor of Biology Texas Parks And Wildlife Department Department of Biology Whitehouse, TX Austin Community College Austin, TX Seth Tomchik, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Associate Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX

UTAH

Tim Brown, Ph.D. Sam Rushforth, Ph.D. TimeScience, LLC Dean, College of Science and Health Salt Lake City, UT Utah Valley University Orem, UT Sarah Bush, Ph.D. Research Assistant Professor Dennis Shiozawa, Ph.D. Department of Biology Professor University of Utah Department of Biology Salt Lake City, UT Brigham Young University Spanish Fork, UT Phyllis Coley, Ph.D. Distinguished Professor Catherine Stephen, Ph.D. Department of Biology Associate Professor University of Utah Department of Biology Salt Lake City, UT Utah Valley University Orem, UT Hilary Cooley, Ph.D. Adjunct Professor Luz Teicher, Ph.D. Department of Wildland Resources Adjunct Professor Utah State University Department of Biology Logan, UT Salt Lake Community College Sandy, UT Paul Holden, Ph.D. Fisheries Section Rebecca Weissinger, M.S. BIO-WEST, Inc. Ecologist Providence, UT National Park Service Moab, UT William Newmark, Ph.D. Research Curator Utah Museum of Natural History University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT Becky Williams, Ph.D. Thomas Yuill, Ph.D. Instructor Professor Emeritus Department of Biology Pathobiological Sciences and Wildlife Ecology Utah Valley University University of Wisconsin, Madison Provo, UT Mapleton, UT

VERMONT

Ted Auch, M.S. Bernd Heinrich, Ph.D. candidate Plant and Soil Science Department Professor Emeritus University of Vermont Department of Biology Burlington, VT University of Vermont Hinesburg, VT Laura Caputo, M.S. candidate University of Vermont KathiJo Jankowski, M.S. Burlington, VT University of Vermont Essex Junction, VT Terrence Delaney, Ph.D. Associate Professor Gary Meffe, Ph.D. Department of Plant Biology Editor-in-Chief, Conservation Biology The University of Vermont Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Burlington, VT University of Florida Brandon, VT Suzanne Enser, M.S. Biologist Rosalind Renfrew, Ph.D. White River Natural Resources Conservation Conservation Biologist District Vermont Center for Ecostudies Braintree, VT White River Junction, VT

Laura Farrell, M.S. Christopher Rimmer, M.S. Department of Biology Director University of Vermont Vermont Center for Ecostudies Burlington, VT Norwich, VT

Julie Hart, B.S. Joe Roman, Ph.D. Conservation Biologist University of Vermont Vermont Center for Ecostudies Burlington, VT White River Junction, VT Stephen Trombulak, Ph.D. Department of Biology Middlebury College Weybridge, VT

VIRGINIA

Lincoln Brower, Ph.D. Elizabeth Daut, D.V.M. Professor Veterinary Department Department of Biology Wildlife Center of Virginia Sweet Briar College Waynesboro, VA Roseland, VA Jason Davis, Ph.D. Jason Bulluck, M.S. Assistant Professor Natural Heritage Information Manager Department of Biology Division of Natural Heritage Radford University VA Department of Conservation and Recreation Radford, VA Richmond, VA Ruth Douglas, Ph.D. Belinda Burwell, D.V.M. Professor Emerita Wildlife Veterinarian Science and Technology Blue Ridge Wildlife Center Piedmont Virginia Community College Millwood, VA Charlottesville, VA

John Cannon, Ph.D. Michael Gilmore, Ph.D. Conservation Biologist Assistant Professor Department of Biology New Century College University of Maryland George Mason University Front Royal, VA Fairfax, VA

Ela Carpenter, M.S. Kenneth Hayes, Ph.D. Newport News, VA Postdoctoral Research Fellow Invertebrate Zoology Deborah Chapman, M.S. Smithsonian Institute Herndon, VA Alexandria, VA

Paul Clarke, M.S. John Holsinger, Ph.D. District Manager/Stewardship Ecologist Professor VA Department of Conservation & Recreation Department of Biological Science VA Natural Heritage Program Old Dominion University Richmond, VA Norfolk, VA

Bruce Collette, Ph.D. Steven Hopp, Ph.D. Senior Scientist Adjunct Associate Professor Systematics Laboratory Environmental Studies National Marine Fisheries Service Emory and Henry College Casanova, VA Meadowview, VA

Nancy Cowden, Ph.D. Louis Landesman, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Herbarium curator Aquaculture Agent Department of Biology Extension Lynchburg College Virginia State University Lynchburg, VA Colonial Heights, VA

Eric Liebgold, M.S. Erin Seney, Ph.D. Department of Biology Woodbridge, VA University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA Beverly Silver, Ph.D. Associate Professor Emerita James Ludwig, B.S. Department of Biology Chief Biologist James Madison University Division of Natural Heritage Harrisonburg, VA Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Wayne Teel, Ph.D. Richmond, VA Associate Professor Integrated Science and Technology J. Murray, Ph.D. James Madison University Professor of Biology Emeritus Keezletown, VA Department of Biology University of Virginia Sylvia Vitazkova, Ph.D. Char, VA Assist. Professor, Conservation Studies New Century College Steven Osofsky, D.V.M. George Mason University Wildlife Health Policy Leesburg, VA Wildlife Conservation Society Oakton, VA Jeffrey Walters, Ph.D. Bailey Professor of Biology Michael Pelton, Ph.D. Department of Biological Science Professor Emeritus Virginia Tech Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries Blacksburg, VA University of Tennessee Middlebrook, VA Eric Yoshizuka, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology Robert Rose, Ph.D. University of Virginia Professor Emeritus Charlottesville, VA Department of Biological Science Old Dominion University Martin Zahn, M.S. Norfolk, VA Associate Professor of Biology Department of Biology Conrad Savy, M.S. Thomas Nelson Community College Conservation Science Advisor Yorktown, VA Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Conservation International Arlington, VA

WASHINGTON

Martha Atkinson, M.S. Carlo Bertani, B.S. Biologist Environmental Scientist Division of Resources Management U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. National Park Service Shoreline, WA Valley, WA Mark Bolke, M.S. Kathy Barker, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Biology Seattle, WA Clark College Vancouver, WA David Boose, Ph.D. Erin Hagen, Ph.D. candidate Associate Professor University of Washington Department of Biology Seattle, WA Gonzaga University Spokane, WA Sandra Haigh, Ph.D. Professor Shallin Busch, Ph.D. Department of Biology NRC Postdoctoral Fellow Clark College Northwest Fisheries Science Center Vancouver, WA National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle, WA Sarah Hamman, Ph.D. Restoration Ecologist Kevin Curran, Ph.D. candidate The Nature Conservancy Research Scientist Olympia, WA Department of Biology Biology James Harsh, Ph.D. Seattle, WA Professor Crop & Soil Sciences Steven Desimone, M.S. Washington State University Wildlife Biologist Pullman, WA WA Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia, WA Kathrin Hauptfeld, M.S. candidate Marine Affairs Christopher Earle, Ph.D. University of Washington Senior Ecologist Port Townsend, WA ICF Jones & Stokes Olympia, WA Mark Heckert, B.S. Wiildlife Biologist Bob Gillespie, Ph.D. H&S Consulting Professor Puyallup, WA Natural Resources Wenatchee Valley College Charles Heckman, Ph.D. Wenatchee, WA Olympia, WA

Nancy Gleason, M.S. Gene Helfman, Ph.D. Fish Biologist Professor Emeritus Environmental Resources Branch Institute of Ecology U.S. Army Corps of Engineers University of Georgia Seattle, WA Lopez Island, WA

Caleb Gostnell, M.S. Streven Herman, Ph.D. Lead Physical Scientist Emeritus Member of the Faculty Center for Operational Oceanographic Products Environmental Studies and Services The Evergreen State College NOAA Yelm, WA Seattle, WA Peter Hodum, Ph.D. Martha Groom, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Associate Professor Department of Biology Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences University of Puget Sound University of Washington, Bothell Seattle, WA Bothell, WA David Hooper, Ph.D. Jack McMillen, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Natural Resources Department of Biology Natural Heritage Program Western Washington University Olympia, WA Bellingham, WA Jordan Mencher, M.S. Gerald Joyce, B.S. Arlington, WA Researcher Moon Joyce Resources Alisse Metge, M.S. Seattle, WA Spokane Valley, WA

Gina King, M.S. Thomas Mumford, Ph.D. Rare Species Biologist Head, Scientific Support Section Wildlife Resource Management Division of Aquatic Resources Yakama Nation WA Department of Natural Resources Yakima, WA Olympia, WA

William Larson, Ph.D. Mark Nuetzmann, M.S. Emeritus Professor of Behavioral Science Wildlife Biologist California State Polytechnic University Wildlife Resource Management Program Port Angeles, WA Yakama Nation Toppenish, WA Joshua Lawler, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Sara O'Brien, Ph.D. candidate College of Forest Resources Department of Biology University of Washington University of Washington, Seattle Seattle, WA Seattle, WA

Scott Luchessa, M.S. Joseph Olson, Ph.D. candidate Certified Ecologist President Ecology-Sediment Management Cetacean Research Technology Environ International Corporation Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Gail Olson, Ph.D. Michael Marsh, Ph.D. Research Scientist Washington Native Plant Society Wildlife Program Seattle, WA WA Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia, WA John Marzluff, Ph.D. Professor Wendy Palen, Ph.D. College of Forest Resources Assistant Professor University of Washington Department of Biological Science Seattle, WA Simon Fraser University Seattle, WA Melissa McKay, M.S. Faculty Laura Payne, Ph.D. Edmonds Community College Visiting Scientist Lynnwood, WA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle, WA

Merrill Peterson, Ph.D. Pat Stevenson, M.S. Professor Environmental Manager Department of Biology Stillaguamish Tribe Western Washington University Arlington, WA Bellingham, WA Richard Strathmann, Ph.D. Andrea Price, M.S. candidate Department of Biology Research Technologist University of Washington University of Washington Friday Harbor, WA Seattle, WA Billie Swalla, Ph.D. Mark Quinn, B.S. Associate Professor WA Department of Fish and Wildlife, retired Department of Biology Olympia, WA University of Washington Seattle, WA Richard Rausch, Ph.D. Professor Brian Tissot, Ph.D. Department of Biology Earth & Environmental Science Clark College Washington State University Vancouver, WA Vancouver, WA

Stephen Rosenman, Ph.D. Patricia Townsend, Ph.D. candidate Principal Department of Biology Biotechnology/Chemistry University of Washington Seed IP Law Group Seattle, WA Mercer Island, WA Ursula Valdez, Ph.D. candidate Maureen Ryan, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology Evolution and Ecology University of Washington University of California, Davis Seattle, WA Bellingham, WA Carly Vynne, Ph.D. candidate Thalia Sachtleben, M.S. Department of Biology Environmental Review Coordinator University of Washington Environmental Management Program Seattle, WA Yakama Nation Yakima, WA Stacey Weiss, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Carey Smith, M.S. Department of Biology Wildlife Biologist University of Puget Sound Pacific Coast Joint Venture Tacoma, WA Vancouver, WA Elizabeth Wheat, Ph.D. candidate Valerie Soza, Ph.D. candidate Department of Biology University of Washington University of Washington Seattle, WA Seattle, WA

Stephen Spear, Ph.D. Arthur Whiteley, Ph.D. School of Biological Sciences Professor Emeritus Washington State University Department of Biology Pullman, WA University of Washington Seattle, WA WEST VIRGINIA

Jeffrey May, Ph.D. James Van Gundy, Ph.D. Professor Professor Emeritus Department of Biological Science Biology and Environmental Science Marshall University Davis & Elkins College Huntington, WV Elkins, WV

Cheryl Morrison, Ph.D. Geneticist U.S. Geological Survey Kearneysville, WV

WISCONSIN

Richard Beilfuss, Ph.D. Tracy Feldman, Ph.D. Vice President Assistant Professor Director of Programs Department of Biology International Crane Foundation University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point Madison, WI Stevens Point, WI

John Berges, Ph.D. Glen Fredlund, Ph.D. Associate Professor Associate Professor Department of Biological Science Conservation and Environmental Science University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI Shorewood, WI

Mark Bergland, Ph.D. Joseph Gathman, Ph.D. Professor of Biology Assistant Professor Department of Biology Department of Biology University of Wisconsin, River Falls University of Wisconsin, River Falls River Falls, WI River Falls, WI

Gretchen Cole, D.V.M. Paul Gibbons, D.V.M. Department of Surgical Sciences Vice President University of Wisconsin Assoc Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Madison, WI Lannon, WI

David Coyle, Ph.D. candidate Keith McCaffery, M.S. Department of Entomology State Deer Biologist (retired) University of Wisconsin State of Wisconsin Madison, WI Rhinelander, WI

Noel Cutright, Ph.D. Curt Meine, Ph.D. Emeritus Scientist Director for Conservation Biology Wisconsin Society for Ornithology Center for Humans and Nature West Bend, WI Prairie du Sac, WI

Heather Mohan, M.S. Robert Stelzer, Ph.D. Animal Behaviorist Associate Professor Collected Wisdom Animal Behavior, LLC Department of Biology Lannon, WI University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh Oshkosh, WI William Mueller, M.S. Ornithologist John Stewart, Ph.D. Wisconsin Society for Ornithology Emeritus Professor of Psychobiology Milwaukee, WI Department of Psychology and Biology Northland College Anna Pidgeon, Ph.D. Washburn, WI Assistant Professor Forest and Wildlife Ecology Kenneth Stromborg, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin, Madison The Wildlife Society Mazomanie, WI Denmark, WI

Amber Qureshi, M.S. David Toland, M.S. Department of Biology Geography Department University of Wisconsin, River Falls University of Wisconsin, Madison River Falls, WI Madison, WI

David Rogers, Ph.D. Donald Waller, Ph.D. Assitant Professor Professor Department of Biological Science Botany Department University of Wisconsin, Parkside University of Wisconsin Kenosha, WI Madison, WI

Nicanor Saliendra, Ph.D. Jane Wiedenhoeft, M.S. Forest Biometeorologist Database & GIS Specialist Center for Urban Environmental Research Bureau of Endangered Resources University of Maryland, Baltimore County Wisconsin Department of Natural Resource Rhinelander, WI Park Falls, WI

Richard Sim, D.V.M. Theresa Wusterbarth, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin Northeast Wisconsin Technical College Madison, WI Green Bay, WI

Yoyi Steele, M.S. Paul Zedler, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist Professor Wildlife Management University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisconsin Department of Natural Resource Madison, WI Madison, WI

WYOMING

Kevin Doherty, Ph.D. Matthew Kauffman, Ph.D. Senior Ecologist Assistant Professor Department of Science Zoology and Physiology Department National Audubon Society University of Wyoming Laramie, WY Laramie, WY

Jason Lillegraven, Ph.D. Carlos Martinez del Rio, Ph.D. Distinguished Emeritus Professor Professor Geology/Geophysics & Zoology/Physiology University of Wyoming The University of Wyoming Laramie, WY Laramie, WY Janice McKee, M.S. candidate Laura Lukas, M.S. candidate Fish and Wildlife Biologist Botany Department U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service University of Wyoming Cheyenne, WY Laramie, WY

U.S. TERRITORIES AND AMERICANS LIVING ABROAD

Erik Doerr, Ph.D. Sheila Ward, Ph.D. Research Scientist Special Assistant to the Dean Division of Sustainable Ecosystems College of Natural Sciences Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Organisation San Juan, PR Crace, AUS Helen Gjessing, M.S. David Burdick, M.S. Professor Emeritus Biologist Department of Biology Bureau of Statistics and Plans St. Thomas, VI Guam Coastal Management Program Sinajana, GU Renata Platenberg, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist Marie-Helene Delmestre, Ph.D. Division of Fish and Wildlife Professor, retired St. Thomas, VI Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico San Juan, PR