1 Curriculum Vitae Ripan S. Malhi Department of Anthropology
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A Famous Visitor Teresamanera in 1832 Charles Darwin Came Here to Lessed with Fertile Soil and Known to Us Only by Their Fossils
Volume 29, Number 2 Center for the Study of the First Americans Department of Anthropology April, 2014 Texas A&M University, 4352 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4352 ISSN 8755-6898 World Wide Web site http://centerfirstamericans.org and http://anthropology.tamu.edu 6&7 Ancient DNA from bone proves ancestry of First Americans and Native Americans Child burials discovered decades ago on two continents had to wait for genome analysis to unlock their secrets. 16 Dating the earliest petroglyphs in North America in the Nevada desert Tufa deposits from Pyramid Lake and dry Winnemucca Lake give geochemist Benson and anthro- pologist Hattori a gauge for measuring the age of striking “pit and groove” rock carvings. these footprints adds a note of ur- gency to this story. Tracks of birds and footprints of Megatherium at the Pehuen Co site. A famous visitor TERESAMANERA In 1832 Charles Darwin came here to LESSED WITH FERTILE SOIL and known to us only by their fossils. At the investigate the legendary Monte Her- lush grasses, the Pampas of Argen- southern extremity of the Argentinean moso cliffs, whose sediments con- tina is perhaps best known for its Pampas plain lies a 30-km sector of the tain fossil remains of autochthonous cattle that supply beef to markets all over Atlantic coast whose soils have yielded South American fauna. His visit is re- the globe. The Pampas grasslands roll an extraordinary assemblage of fossils called by Teresa Manera, professor at southward from the Rio de la Plata to the that give us a snapshot of the changing the National University of the South banks of the Rio Negro, westward toward paleoenvironment at four significant mo- in Bahía Blanca and honorary direc- the Andes, and northward to the southern ments over the past 5 million years, from tor of the Charles Darwin Municipal parts of Córdoba and Santa Fe provinces, the upper Tertiary through the arrival of Natural Science Museum. -
Rapid Range Shifts and Megafaunal Extinctions Associated with Late Pleistocene Climate Change ✉ Frederik V
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16502-3 OPEN Rapid range shifts and megafaunal extinctions associated with late Pleistocene climate change ✉ Frederik V. Seersholm 1 , Daniel J. Werndly1, Alicia Grealy1,2, Taryn Johnson3, Erin M. Keenan Early 4, Ernest L. Lundelius Jr.5, Barbara Winsborough6,7, Grayal Earle Farr8, Rickard Toomey 9, Anders J. Hansen10, Beth Shapiro 11,12, Michael R. Waters 13, Gregory McDonald14, Anna Linderholm3, ✉ Thomas W. Stafford Jr. 15 & Michael Bunce 1 1234567890():,; Large-scale changes in global climate at the end of the Pleistocene significantly impacted ecosystems across North America. However, the pace and scale of biotic turnover in response to both the Younger Dryas cold period and subsequent Holocene rapid warming have been challenging to assess because of the scarcity of well dated fossil and pollen records that covers this period. Here we present an ancient DNA record from Hall’s Cave, Texas, that documents 100 vertebrate and 45 plant taxa from bulk fossils and sediment. We show that local plant and animal diversity dropped markedly during Younger Dryas cooling, but while plant diversity recovered in the early Holocene, animal diversity did not. Instead, five extant and nine extinct large bodied animals disappeared from the region at the end of the Pleistocene. Our findings suggest that climate change affected the local ecosystem in Texas over the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, but climate change on its own may not explain the disappearance of the megafauna at the end of the Pleistocene. 1 Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. -
Ancient DNA Reveals That Bowhead Whale Lineages Survived Late Pleistocene Climate Change and Habitat Shifts
ARTICLE Received 17 Oct 2012 | Accepted 7 Mar 2013 | Published 9 Apr 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2714 Ancient DNA reveals that bowhead whale lineages survived Late Pleistocene climate change and habitat shifts Andrew D. Foote1,*, Kristin Kaschner2,*, Sebastian E. Schultze1, Cristina Garilao3, Simon Y.W. Ho4, Klaas Post5, Thomas F.G. Higham6, Catherine Stokowska1, Henry van der Es5, Clare B. Embling7, Kristian Gregersen1, Friederike Johansson8, Eske Willerslev1 & M. Thomas P. Gilbert1,9 The climatic changes of the glacial cycles are thought to have been a major driver of population declines and species extinctions. However, studies to date have focused on terrestrial fauna and there is little understanding of how marine species responded to past climate change. Here we show that a true Arctic species, the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), shifted its range and tracked its core suitable habitat northwards during the rapid climate change of the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. Late Pleistocene lineages survived into the Holocene and effective female population size increased rapidly, concurrent with a threefold increase in core suitable habitat. This study highlights that responses to climate change are likely to be species specific and difficult to predict. We estimate that the core suitable habitat of bowhead whales will be almost halved by the end of this century, potentially influencing future population dynamics. 1 Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. 2 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Lab, Institute of Biology I (Zoology), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Hauptstr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. 3 GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum fu¨r Ozeanforschung Kiel Du¨sternbrooker Weg 2, 24105 Kiel, Germany. -
Using Phylochronology to Reveal Cryptic Population Histories: Review and Synthesis of 29 Ancient DNA Studies
Molecular Ecology (2009) 18, 1310–1330 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04092.x INVITEDBlackwell Publishing Ltd REVIEW Using phylochronology to reveal cryptic population histories: review and synthesis of 29 ancient DNA studies UMA RAMAKRISHNAN* and ELIZABETH A. HADLY† *National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India, †Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA Abstract The evolutionary history of a population involves changes in size, movements and selection pressures through time. Reconstruction of population history based on modern genetic data tends to be averaged over time or to be biased by generally reflecting only recent or extreme events, leaving many population historic processes undetected. Temporal genetic data present opportunities to reveal more complex population histories and provide important insights into what processes have influenced modern genetic diversity. Here we provide a synopsis of methods available for the analysis of ancient genetic data. We review 29 ancient DNA studies, summarizing the analytical methods and general conclusions for each study. Using the serial coalescent and a model-testing approach, we then re-analyse data from two species represented by these data sets in a common interpretive framework. Our analyses show that phylochronologic data can reveal more about population history than modern data alone, thus revealing ‘cryptic’ population processes, and enable us to determine whether simple or complex models best explain the data. Our re-analyses point to the need for novel methods that consider gene flow, multiple populations and population size in reconstruction of population history. We conclude that population genetic samples over large temporal and geographical scales, when analysed using more complex models and the serial coalescent, are critical to understand past population dynamics and provide important tools for reconstructing the evolutionary process. -
Stanford Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Annual Report 2017-18
Annual Report 2017 - 2018 Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve No 1 Table of Contents Directors’ Report............................................................3 Research......................................................................4 Publications................................................................6 Education and Outreach................................................8 Conservation Highlights................................................9 Congratulations........................................................10 Financials..................................................................11 Infrastructure............................................................12 Advisory Groups and Staff............................................13 Directors’ Report This year has been a busy and exciting one at Jasper Ridge. Our usual high-quality research, education, outreach, and conservation activities have continued apace, but in addition a two-year effort to identify the needs of our community—including students, faculty, staff, alumni, docents, national and international field-station researchers and educators, Stanford upper administrators, and local residents—has resulted in a strategic plan to help guide us through the next decade. The planning process affirmed our long- standing mission and also crystallized a vision for Jasper Ridge and pledge to all those who use our remarkable facility. Our Mission—To contribute to the understanding of the Earth’s natural systems through research, education, and protection of the preserve’s -
Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan Genome Reveals First Founding Population of Native Americans J
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature25173 Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar1*, Ben A. Potter2*, Lasse Vinner1*, Matthias Steinrücken3,4, Simon Rasmussen5, Jonathan Terhorst6,7, John A. Kamm6,8, Anders Albrechtsen9, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas1,10,11, Martin Sikora1, Joshua D. Reuther2, Joel D. Irish12, Ripan S. Malhi13,14, Ludovic Orlando1, Yun S. Song6,15,16, Rasmus Nielsen1,6,17, David J. Meltzer1,18 & Eske Willerslev1,8,19 Despite broad agreement that the Americas were initially populated Native American ancestors were isolated from Asian groups in Beringia via Beringia, the land bridge that connected far northeast Asia before entering the Americas2,9,13; whether one or more early migra- with northwestern North America during the Pleistocene epoch, tions gave rise to the founding population of Native Americans1–4,7,14 when and how the peopling of the Americas occurred remains (it is commonly agreed that the Palaeo-Eskimos and Inuit populations unresolved1–5. Analyses of human remains from Late Pleistocene represent separate and later migrations1,15,16); and when and where Alaska are important to resolving the timing and dispersal of these the basal split between southern and northern Native American (SNA populations. The remains of two infants were recovered at Upward and NNA, respectively) branches occurred. It also remains unresolved Sun River (USR), and have been dated to around 11.5 thousand whether the genetic affinity between some SNA groups and indigenous years ago (ka)6. Here, by sequencing the USR1 genome to an average Australasians2,3 reflects migration by non-Native Americans3,4,14, early coverage of approximately 17 times, we show that USR1 is most population structure within the first Americans3 or later gene flow2. -
Curriculum Vitae Christopher J
C. J. Bell Curriculum Vitae Christopher J. Bell 10 January, 2012 Professor The University of Texas at Austin Department of Geological Sciences 1 University Station C1100 Austin, TX 78712-0254 (512) 471-7301 [email protected] Date and Place of Birth: 12 March, 1966; Marietta, Georgia, U.S.A. Education University of California, Berkeley, California. Department of Integrative Biology. Ph.D., 1997. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona. Quaternary Studies Program. M.S., 1990. The College of William and Mary in Virginia, Williamsburg, Virginia. Department of Geology. B.S., 1988. Professional Appointments - Current Sep., 2010 – present: Professor, Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin. April, 2007 – present: Research Associate, Department of Terrestrial Vertebrates, Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia. Professional Appointments - Historical Sep., 2003 – Sept. 2010 : Associate Professor, Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin. September, 1997 - August, 2003: Assistant Professor, Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin. January, 1997 - May, 1997: Graduate Student Instructor, ‘Natural History of the Vertebrates,’ Department of Integrative Biology, U.C. Berkeley. August - December, 1996: Curatorial Assistant, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, U.C. Berkeley. June - August, 1996: Graduate Student Curatorial Assistant, Museum of Paleontology, U.C. Berkeley. August - December, 1995: Graduate Student Instructor, ‘Morphology of the Vertebrate Skeleton,’ Department of Integrative Biology, U.C. Berkeley. June - August, 1995: Move Coordinator, Museum of Paleontology, U.C. Berkeley. January - May, 1995: Graduate Student Instructor, ‘The Age of Mammals,’ Department of Integrative Biology, U.C. Berkeley. 1 C. J. Bell August - December, 1994: Research Assistant to A. D. Barnosky, Porcupine Cave Project, Museum of Paleontology, U. -
Modern Wolves Trace Their Origin to a Late Pleistocene Expansion from Beringia
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/370122; this version posted July 18, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Modern wolves trace their origin to a late Pleistocene expansion from Beringia 2 Liisa Loog1,2,3*, Olaf Thalmann4†, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding5,6,7†, Verena J. Schuenemann8,9†, 3 Angela Perri10, Mietje Germonpré11, Herve Bocherens9,12, Kelsey E. Witt13, Jose A. 4 Samaniego Castruita5, Marcela S. Velasco5, Inge K. C. Lundstrøm5, Nathan Wales5, Gontran 5 Sonet15, Laurent Frantz2, Hannes Schroeder5,15, Jane Budd16, Elodie-Laure Jimenez 11, Sergey 6 Fedorov17, Boris Gasparyan18, Andrew W. Kandel19, Martina Lázničková-Galetová20,21,22, 7 Hannes Napierala23, Hans-Peter Uerpmann8, Pavel A. Nikolskiy24,25, Elena Y. Pavlova26,25, 8 Vladimir V. Pitulko25, Karl-Heinz Herzig4,27, Ripan S. Malhi26, Eske Willerslev2,5,29, Anders J. 9 Hansen5,7, Keith Dobney30,31,32, M. Thomas P. Gilbert5,33, Johannes Krause8,34, Greger 10 Larson1*, Anders Eriksson35,2*, Andrea Manica2* 11 12 *Corresponding Authors: L.L. ([email protected]), G.L. ([email protected]), 13 A.E. ([email protected]), A.M. ([email protected]) 14 15 †These authors contributed equally to this work 16 17 1 Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network Research Laboratory for 18 Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, -
Species Extinction
The Extinction of Species ............................................................................................................................ 3 Web of life unravelling, wildlife biologist says ........................................................................................ 3 Nations risk economic collapse and loss of culture if it does not protect the natural world .................... 3 The thing about extinction ..................................................................................................................... 3 Speeding Towards Biosphere Collapse ................................................................................................ 3 NASA video showing climate shift 1880 through 2012 .......................................................................... 4 In 1964, Isaac Asimov Imagined the World in 2014 Embedded video .................................................. 4 Dr. Andrew Weaver - Climate Scientist on the Tar Sands ...................................................................... 5 The sixth extinction - Elizabeth Kolbert ................................................................................................. 5 Nasa-funded study: industrial civilisation headed for 'irreversible collapse'? ......................................... 5 Stanford biologist warns of early stages of Earth's 6th mass extinction event ....................................... 6 Defaunation in the Anthropocene ......................................................................................................... -
The Anthropocene and the Environmental Humanities: Extending the Conversation
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities 2014 The Anthropocene and the environmental humanities: Extending the conversation Noel Castree University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/sspapers Part of the Education Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Castree, Noel, "The Anthropocene and the environmental humanities: Extending the conversation" (2014). Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers. 1389. https://ro.uow.edu.au/sspapers/1389 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] The Anthropocene and the environmental humanities: Extending the conversation Abstract "The Anthropocene" is now a buzzword in international geoscience circles and commanding the attention of various social scientists and humanists. Once a trickle, I review what is now a growing stream of publications authored by humanists about the Holocene's proclaimed end. I argue that these publications evidence environmental humanists as playing two roles with respect to the geoscientific claims they are reacting to: the roles of "inventor-discloser" or "deconstructor-critic." Despite their importance and their differences, as currently performed these roles hold environmental humanists at a distance from those geoscientists currently trying to popularise the Anthropocene proposition and a set of related grand ideas (like "planetary boundaries"). This is unfortunate because geoscience-like other branches of science- tends to enjoy a higher profile in ek y decision-making arenas than do humanities subjects. The same can be said of particular social science fields, such as environmental economics. -
Pacific Currents | Spring 2016 in This Issue
Spring 2016 member magazine of the aquarium of the pacific & Focus on Sustainability (2015) CE N CIE AULEY ET AL, S AULEY C C M , SAYOSTUDIO.COM/ R NICOLLE R. FULLE NICOLLE Human impacts on nature have increased over time, but to date we have had more of an impact on land than in the ocean. ANIMALS HROUGHOUT HUMAN HISTORY, our activity has had an In the terrestrial portion, visitors will encounter a habitat modeled impact on terrestrial animals, those that live on land. With after a freshwater stream. These ecosystems are among the most T the rise of agriculture and the Industrial Revolution, human seriously threatened by pollution, land development, the introduc- activity had an increasing impact on the natural world. This tion of non-native invasive species, and other activity. The animals has resulted in extinctions of numerous species and has permanently displayed in this exhibit will include local stream fishes, newts, and changed the shape and make-up of land environments. We are poised salamanders, as well as invasive species like crayfish. Next, an exhibit to have the same effect on the ocean, but are at a crucial point—if we housing juvenile American alligators will provide an example of an act now, we can avoid mass extinctions and limit permanent changes endangered species success story. to the ocean. This was among the findings of a paper published in the As visitors move into the aquatic side of the gallery, they will see an journal Science in January 2015 (Marine defaunation: Animal loss in the exhibit modeled after a coral reef. -
The Population History of Northeastern Siberia Since the Pleistocene
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/448829; this version posted October 22, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene Martin Sikora1,*, Vladimir V. Pitulko2,*, Vitor C. Sousa3,4,5,*, Morten E. Allentoft1,*, Lasse Vinner1, Simon Rasmussen6, Ashot Margaryan1, Peter de Barros Damgaard1, Constanza de la Fuente Castro1, Gabriel Renaud1, Melinda Yang7, Qiaomei Fu7, Isabelle Dupanloup8, Konstantinos Giampoudakis9, David Bravo Nogues9, Carsten Rahbek9, Guus Kroonen10,11, Michäel Peyrot11, Hugh McColl1, Sergey V. Vasilyev12, Elizaveta Veselovskaya12,13, Margarita Gerasimova12, Elena Y. Pavlova2,14, Vyacheslav G. Chasnyk15, Pavel A. Nikolskiy2,16, Pavel S. Grebenyuk17,18, Alexander Yu. Fedorchenko19, Alexander I. Lebedintsev17, Sergey B. Slobodin17, Boris A. Malyarchuk20, Rui Martiniano21,22, Morten Meldgaard1,23, Laura Arppe24, Jukka U. Palo25,26, Tarja Sundell27,28, Kristiina Mannermaa27, Mikko Putkonen25, Verner Alexandersen29, Charlotte Primeau29, Ripan Mahli30,31, Karl- Göran Sjögren32, Kristian Kristiansen32, Anna Wessman27, Antti Sajantila25, Marta Mirazon Lahr1,33, Richard Durbin21,22, Rasmus Nielsen1,34, David J. Meltzer1,35, Laurent Excoffier4,5, Eske Willerslev1,22,36** 1 - Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. 2 - Palaeolithic Department, Institute for the History of Material Culture RAS, 18 Dvortsovaya nab., 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia. 3 - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.