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Hoards and Stray Finds in Sweden

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Hoards and Stray Finds in Sweden Hoards and Stray Finds in Sweden Hoards Gotland, Garde par., Robbenarve Stockholm Numismatic Institute www.archaeology.su.se/english/numismatiska Lennart Lind Other publications by Stockholm Numismatic Institute - NFG On our website you will find various publications. Most of them are available as PDF for down- loading. Read more on our website: Editorial note Table of Contents www.archaeology.su.se/english/stockholm-numismatic-institute/publications-nfg Hoards and Stray Finds in Sweden ........1 Roman Denarii, Hoards and ­­Stray Finds in Sweden is published by Stockholm Gotland, Garde par., Robbenarve .........2 CNS - Coins from the Viking-Age found Myntstudier is a numismatic periodical in Numismatic Institute (Gunnar Ekström chair in Sweden is a project under The Royal Swedish published on the Internet since 2003 in numismatics and monetary history) at Synopsis ..............................................3 Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities. by NFG. Stockholm University. Hoards are defined as The acronym of the project is CNS based A total of more than 80 seminar papers two or more coins or one coin found together List of Coins .........................................4 on the title of the publication. (CORPUS have been written. They cover the period with other objects. NUMMORUM SAECULORUM IX-XI QUI c. 800-1800. The files (mainly in Swedish) are Barbarous Imitations of Denarii ...........13 Each issue will cover one or more finds. In IN SUECIA REPERTI SUNT, CATALOGUE available for downloading at: the PDF-version the photos can be magnified OF COINS FROM THE VIKING AGE www.archaeology.su.se/numismatiska- Plates ................................................14 c. ten times. FOUND IN SWEDEN). So far c. 259,000 forskningsgruppen/nfg-s-publikationer/ uppsatser The series is edited by Kenneth Jonsson Fig. 3. Mints in the Roman Empire coins have been found. Nine printed volumes and the layout is made by Ylva Holmberg represented on denarii in the Swedish were published 1975-2010. They list finds On our website you will also find informa- Jansson. finds. .................................................33 with more than 57,000 coins. The aim now is tion about our research as well as maps show- It is only distributed in PDF-format on the to publish all remaining finds on the Internet. ing mints and coin finds in Sweden. Internet which enables everybody to print it Roman Emperors and Empresses themselves. represented on Denarii .......................34 After downloading the file it can be printed Fig. 4. Swedish provinces. ..................35 using Adobe Reader which is available for free www.adobe.com at: Fig. 5. Parishes on Gotland. ................36 Old numbers in the series can be down- www.archaeology. loaded at the website: Fig. 6. Finds with Roman denarii in su.se/english/stockholm-numismatic-institute/ Sweden. ............................................38 publications-nfg. The rate of publication depends on when a Fig. 7. Finds with Roman denarii on new manuscript is ready. Gotland. ............................................39 Literature ...........................................40 © Stockholm Numismatic Institute & the author. Abbreviations ....................................40 ISSN 2001-6743 Text: Lennart Lind Photos: Kenneth Jonsson Covers: No 366, Pertinax. RIC 1. See also Maps: Ylva Holmberg Jansson & page 13. Kenneth Jonsson Literature Roman Denarii Almgren, O. (1902): “Om fynden af romerska silfvermynt i Norden”, Svenska Hoards and Stray Finds in Sweden Fornminnesföreningens Tidskrift 11, pp. 187-196. Almgren, O. & Nerman, B. (1923): Die ältere Eisenzeit Gotlands. 2. Stockholm. (Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antivitets Akademien. Monografier, 4.) Background All denarii found in Sweden are worn, those Bolin, S. 1926: Fynden av romerska mynt i det fria Germanien. Studier i romersk och äldre germansk Roman Imperial denarii of the fi rst two or on Gotland, however, to a larger degree than historia. Lund. three centuries of our era may be regarded as those from the rest of the country, sometimes the fi rst coins in Sweden. On the territory of making the attribution diffi cult or impossible. Lind, L. 1981: Roman Denarii Found in Sweden. 2. Catalogue. Text. Stockholm. Stockholm Studies present-day Sweden some 8,000 pieces have Th is is as true of extant coins found in the nine- in Classical Archaeology, 11:2. been unearthed in modern times, most of teenth century as of those found more recently. them, c. 7,000, on Gotland, the island in the Th e diff erences in the degree of wear be- --- 1988: Romerska denarer funna i Sverige. Stockholm. Baltic. Apart from one or two stray fi nds with tween the denarii found on Gotland and those Republican coins, the earliest coins belong to from the rest of Sweden have long been known --- 1993: “Th e Monetary Reforms of the Romans and the Finds of Roman Denarii in Eastern the reign of Nero (54-68). Denarii later than to and discussed by scholars. Sture Bolin in and Northern Europe”, Current Swedish Archaeology 1 (1993), pp. 135-144 (also available on AD 200 are rare, and no such coin later than 1926 suggested that the coins on Gotland had the Internet at: www.arkeologiskasamfundet.se/csa/Dokument/Volumes/csa_vol_1_1993/csa_ Severus Alexander (222-235) or, perhaps, been worn through circulation on the island vol_1_1993_s135-144_lind.pdf). Gordian III (238-244) can be connected with (Bolin 1926, pp. 274-278), but the composition other denarii, i.e. of an earlier date. With the of the large hoards, of which Bolin had insuf- --- 2007: “A group of barbarous Roman denarii represented in Sweden and Hungary (and Germany exception of late Roman and early Byzantine fi cient knowledge, makes such a hypothesis and Britain?)”, in Andersen, M., Horsnaes, H. W. & Moesgaard, Chr. (eds.): Magister Monetae. solidi of the fi fth and sixth centuries, ancient unlikely (see Lind 1988 pp. 65-85 and 1993). Studies in Honour of Jørgen Steen Jensen. Copenhagen, pp. 53-58. coins of other origins or denominations are Most probably the Gotlandic denarii were rare or non-existent. heavily worn already when they arrived at the Stribrny, K. (2003): Funktionsanalyse barbarisierter, barbarischer Denare mittels numismatischer und island. Th e diff erence may be chronological, i.e. metallurgischer Methoden – Zur Erforschung der sarmatisch-gemanischen Kontakte im 3. Jh. n.Chr., mit Find context the coins which ended up on Gotland may have einem Beitrag, Vergleichende metallanalytische Untersuchungen an römischen Denaren aus der 2. Hälfte Denarii have sometimes been found in the done so at a later date than those ending up in des 2. Jahrhunderts n.Chr., von Hans-Gerd Bachmann und Peter Hammer. Mainz am Rhein 2003. course of archaeological excavations of pre- the rest of Sweden, and/or geographical, i.e. the (Studien zu Fundmünzen der Antike 18.) historic settlements and graves, and, more coins found on Gotland may have had another Östergren, M. 1981: Gotländska fynd av solidi och denarer - en undersökning av fyndplatserna. recently, with the help of metal detectors. In origin on the European continent than those Stockholm. Arkeologiska skrifter från Riksantikvarieämbetets Gotlandsundersökningar (RAGU), 1. contrast to what is the case in some other coun- from the rest of the country. tries, however, the metal detector revolution To the genuine coins can be added a number has not dramatically increased the number of of barbarous imitations, usually found together known coins in Sweden. Th e bulk of the coins with offi cial denarii. Th ey almost exclusively Abbreviations known and extant has been brought to light belong to Gotland, and constitute about one casually, most often in the course of agricultural per cent of the total number of coins found NFG – Numismatiska forskningsgruppen/Stockholm Numismatic Institute, Stockholm. activities. Most of the coins available for study there. Th e largest hoard of Roman denarii RIC - H. Mattingly & E.A. Sydenham, Th e Roman Imperial Coinage I-. today came to light before 1940. found in Sweden (and Scandinavia), Sindarve London 1923-. on Gotland, originally 1,500 coins (1,488 ex- Degree of wear tant), has four or fi ve barbarous imitations. SHM - Historiska museet/ Th e National Historical Museum, Stockholm. Denarii are rarely found with contemporary Die-links between barbarous imitations found coins of other denominations but sometimes in Sweden and on the European continent have with late Roman and early Byzantine solidi. been demonstrated. 40 2015: 1 2015: 1 1 Collections Th e Roman Denarii in Europe Most of the denarii available for study are today Roman denarii in Sweden are found in the most kept in the collections of the Kung liga Mynt- northerly region of Europe, but they are not, as kabinettet in Stockholm and the Gotlands is well known, the only such coins discovered Muse um in Visby on Gotland. Th e large num- to the north of the Roman Imperial frontiers. ber of coins still extant from early fi nds is due Denarii have been found outside the old Ro- Fig. 7. Finds with Roman denarii to conditions special to Sweden. On the one man Limes in a broad, west-to-east belt, from on Gotland. hand the country has been spared from wars the North Sea and the Rhine to the Donets for a very long time, since 1815, in fact; on the Basin (and occasionally even further to the east other hand there has been a strict enforcement and north-east). In what is today Poland, for from an early date of laws concerning fi nds in instance, a compass of land never part of the the earth. Th e earliest hoard of denarii from Roman Empire, the number of denarii found which coins are still extant was found in 1834, may amount to 100,000 or more. Any expla- and denarius hoards unearthed in the 1860s nation as to the presence of denarii in Sweden and 1870s are completely or almost completely must take those found on the European conti- preserved. nent into consideration. Lennart Lind Gotland, Garde par., Robbenarve SHM 10155; NFG 179 Denarii Year: 1896.
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