DOCSLIB.ORG

Climate Zones 39

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Climate Zones 39 01 2012 International façades - CROFT International façades - CROFT Climate Related Optimized Façade Technologies Marcel Bilow 01 TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture 2012 Architectural Engineering + Technology department International Façades - CROFT Climate Related Optimized Façade Technologies Marcel Bilow TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture, Architectural Engineering + Technology department International Façades - CROFT Climate Related Optimized Façade Technologies Thesis presented for the degree of doctor at TU Delft under the authority of the Rector Magnificus, Prof.ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben, Chairman of the Board for Doctorates to be defended in public in the presence of a committee on April 23th, 2012 at 15:00 o’clock by MARCEL BILOW Diplomingenieur für Architektur Fachhochschule Lippe und Höxter / Detmold born at Bielefeld /Duitsland This thesis is approved by the supervisor(s): Prof.dr.-Ing. U. Knaack Prof.dr.ir. A. C.J.M. Eekhout Composition of Doctoral Committee: Rector Magnificus, Chairman Prof.dr.-Ing. U. Knaack Delft University of Technology, promotor Prof.dr.ir. A. C.J.M. Eekhout Delft University of Technology, promotor Prof.dr.ir. A. van den Dobbelsteen Delft University of Technology Prof. T. Asselbergs Delft University of Technology Prof.dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Delft University of Technology Dipl.-Ing. T. Auer Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH/Stuttgart Prof.Ing. M. Haas University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Prof.ir. R. Nijsse Delft University of Technology abe.tudelft.nl Ontwerp: Sirene Ontwerpers, Rotterdam ISBN/EAN: 978-94-6186-027-9 ISSN: 2212-3202 © 2012 Marcel Bilow Inhoudsopgave (beknopt) Preface 9 1 Introduction 23 2 Climate zones 39 3 Principles of climate-adapted architecture 139 4 The Façade 169 5 Building services components 185 6 FET Façade Expert Tool 219 7 Climate Responsive Optimised Façade Technologies CROFT 299 8 Conclusion 327 7 Inhoudsopgave (beknopt) 8 International Façades - CROFT Preface Acknowledgments This thesis was written at the Technical University of Delft, Faculty of Architecture, at the chair Design of Construction. It would not have been possible without the help of others. Therefore I would like to express my gratitude and add a few personal notes. First and foremost I would like to thank my doctoral advisors Ulrich Knaack and Mick Eekhout: Ulrich Knaack not only supported my decision to undertake this work in the first place, but also became advisor, discussion partner and friend. We spent countless hours in the car going over different ideas and concepts. He provided me with invaluable constructive criticism. This work would not have been possible without all the many facets of his support. With him founding the Façade Research Group at the chair Design of Construction at TU Delft, I was able to broaden my studies on an international level, and quickly felt part of a team of like-minded. Mick Eeckhout helped me take my first steps into the world of science, particularly with his open and direct attitude. I will never forget the evening of our VCW, during which he impressively demonstrated that scientists need to conquer the unknown territories of our area of expertise – sword drawn – to bring light into the dark of the unknown. In addition, he helped me gain insight into the Dutch culture and history. Both Ulrich Knaack and Mick Eeckhout share the love of sailing. During the time I worked in this thesis I was fortunate to also become acquainted with this sport, and it provided me with numerous moments of inspiration. I also owe particular thanks to Thomas Auer from Transsolar. As my favourite climate designer he got me addicted to the idea of intelligent climate concepts, and has demonstrated the principle of integral planning in practice. He and the entire Transsolar team offered content-related support and constructive criticism. Not least due to Thomas Auer was it possible to create the Façade Expert Tool. I would also express my gratitude to the members of the exam commission Prof. Andy van den Dobbelsteen, Prof. Arjan van Timmeren, Martin Haas, Prof. Thijs Asselbergs and Prof. Rob Nijsse. 9 Preface I would also like to thank Tillmann Klein. In his function as Leader of the Façade Research Group he is not only available to all of the PhD students to help with any of the day-to-day problems they might have, but his ability to think outside the box for even the most complex detail or problem and find a solution has made him into a partner in practice and research as well as a personal friend who I do not want to miss. By the way, he is a passionate sailor, too… Thank you also to Cramer Silkworth for programming FET, Usch Engelmann for her help with translation and proof-reading and Mireille Snels for the dutch part of it. A great thanks also goes to all of my friends - Uli, Rouven and Michael in particular - who have mentally supported me during this time and have stood with me and supported decisions that were not always easy. And, last but certainly not least, I am very grateful to my parents, especially for their trust in the path I took and the goals I set for myself. They have always supported me in any way possible, were always open to new ideas and provided criticism when necessary. Marcel Bilow Delft, December 2011 10 International Façades - CROFT ‘To my parents and my closest friends’ 11 Preface 12 International Façades - CROFT Inhoudsopgave (uitgebreid) 1 Introduction 23 1.1 Background 23 1.1.1 Climate-adapted building methods, vernacular architecture 23 1.1.2 The façade as an interface between interior and exterior 24 1.1.3 Energy considerations; why we need to rethink 26 1.2 Research Framework 28 1.2.1 Problem definition 28 1.2.2 Objectives 29 1.2.3 Research Questions 30 1.3 Approach and Methodology 31 1.4 Structure of the dissertation 32 1.5 Schema of the dissertation 35 2 Climate zones 39 2.1 Climate zones basics 39 2.2 Climate zones basics 41 2.3 The basics of climate analysis 42 2.4 Climate analysis methods 43 2.4.1 Annual temperature profile 44 2.4.2 Annual air humidity profile 45 2.4.3 Psychrometric Charts 47 2.4.4 Monthly radiation distribution 48 13 Inhoudsopgave (uitgebreid) 2.4.5 Dew point profile 49 2.4.6 Wind rose 51 2.4.7 Wind force distribution 54 2.5 Climate zones / selection of boomtowns 55 2.6 Eight boomtowns 58 2.6.1 Berlin 58 2.6.2 Dubai 67 2.6.3 Las Vegas 75 2.6.4 London 83 2.6.5 Moscow 92 2.6.6 New York 101 2.6.7 Shanghai 111 2.6.8 Singapore 120 2.7 Summary of the climate analysis 128 2.8 Initial graphic analysis of the air conditioning required 132 3 Principles of climate-adapted architecture 139 3.1 Influence of the climate on architecture 139 3.2 Vernacular architecture / indigenous architecture / building without an architect 139 3.3 Building methods and principles in different climate zones 141 3.3.1 Snow climates / polar region 141 3.3.2 Boreal or snow-forest climate / moderate climate 142 3.3.3 Warm moderate rain climates / moderate zone 147 3.3.4 Tropical rain climates / Tropics 151 3.3.5 Dry climates / Subtropics 153 3.4 Wind catcher and solar chimneys 156 3.5 Matrix for climate-adapted architecture 163 3.6 Potential of transfer to modern building construction 165 14 International Façades - CROFT 4 The Façade 169 4.1 The evolution of the façade 169 4.2 The façade – buffer and regulator 174 4.3 Comfort 175 4.3.1 Thermal requirements 175 4.3.2 Visual requirements 178 4.3.3 Hygienic requirements 179 4.3.4 Acoustic requirements 180 4.3.5 Productivity 181 5 Building services components 185 5.1 Heating 186 5.1.1 Radiator (perimeter radiator) 187 5.1.2 Convector (perimeter convector) 188 5.1.3 Subsurface convector (perimeter FloorFintube) 189 5.1.4 Underfloor heating (radiant floor) 189 5.1.5 Concrete core heating / overhead radiation heating (radiant ceiling) 190 5.1.6 Overhead induction heating (active beam) 191 5.1.7 Central air heating / air-conditioning system (overhead heating vent) 191 5.1.8 Decentralised air heating / air-conditioning system 192 5.2 Cooling 193 5.2.1 Concrete core cooling / overhead radiation cooling (radiant ceiling) 194 5.2.2 Overhead induction cooling (active chilled beam) 194 5.2.3 Passive chilled beam / baffles 195 5.2.4 Cooling panels / cooling ceilings / cooling sails 196 5.2.5 Central air-cooling 196 5.2.6 Decentralised air-cooling 196 5.2.7 Night flush ventilation 197 5.3 Ventilation 198 5.3.1 Natural ventilation 199 5.3.1.1 Gap ventilation 199 5.3.1.2 Window ventilation 200 5.3.1.3 Shaft ventilation 200 15 Inhoudsopgave (uitgebreid) 5.3.1.4 Double façades 201 5.3.1.5 Mechanical ventilation 202 5.3.1.6 Central ventilation systems 202 5.3.1.7 Decentralised mechanical ventilation 203 5.3.1.8 Window fan 204 5.3.1.9 Decentralised ventilation units 204 5.4 Humidification and dehumidification 207 5.4.1 Central air-conditioning 208 5.4.2 Decentralised air-conditioning 210 5.5 Sun protection 211 5.5.1 Internal sun and glare protection 212 5.5.2 Fixed sun protection 212 5.5.3 Operable sun protection 212 5.5.4 Specialised solutions 213 5.5.5 Summary sun protection 214 5.6 Light directing 214 6 FET Façade Expert Tool 219 6.1 Available façade or climate tools – background 220 6.1.1 Clear guideline 220 6.1.2 Climate Consultant 5.0 223 6.1.3 MIT Design Advisor 226 6.2 The idea behind FET 229 6.3 Development of FET 231 6.3.1 Temperature 231 6.3.2 Humidity 233 6.3.3 Wind 234 6.3.4 Recommendations for façades and building services functions 235 6.3.5 Ventilation and night time cooling 238 6.3.6 Waste heat recovery 240 6.3.7 Glazing ratio 241 6.3.8 Graphic editor 242 16 International Façades - CROFT 6.4 FET in use 245 6.4.1
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Water in Islamic Architecture: Study of the Water
    مجلة العمارة والفنون العدد الثاني عشر – الجزء اﻷول WATER IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE: STUDY OF THE WATER DISPENSARY (SABIL) Assist. Prof. Dr/ Ahmed El Shakhs Assistant Professor, Architecture and Design Department, College of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, UAE Assist. Prof. Dr/ Dalia Mohammed Ezzat Assistant Professor, Interior Design and Furniture Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt. ABSTRACT Water is essential to life and survival, it is not only a functional addition to Islamic architecture but also an integral part of the Islamic religion and beliefs, The Holy Quran states that "Every living thing is made of water", and the importance of this thought is visible in Islam since its used for Ablution five times daily; however, its mentioned in the Sunnah that water conservation is embedded in Islam even if you are living on a shore. The role played by water in Islamic architecture is both symbolic (representing spiritual purity) and practical (weather adjustment). Sabil is one of the emerged Islamic architectures that was used as a water dispenser, where water has been harnessed to serve and provide passers-by, it flourished under the rule of the Mamluks in Egypt where they constructed a standalone Sabil Kuttab, usually inflicted a Kuttab (Quranic School for boys) on top. This paper investigates the aesthetic, functional, and symbolic values of water in Islamic architecture, and highlights the value of Sabil as an important element in the Islamic city fall under the charity facilities, through analytical description of its architectural as well as the functional, aesthetic, and symbolic aspects which serve the concept of heritage revival by being a source of inspiration.The research problem can be framed in a set of questions; What is the importance of water as an essential element of life in Islamic architecture? What is the impact of muslim beliefs on design ? Did the formation of Islamic architecture only consider the functionality of the building and the aesthetic sides, or were hidden religeous beliefs conveyed?.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report for Proposed Serviced Apartments on Plot L.R
    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR PROPOSED SERVICED APARTMENTS ON PLOT L.R. NO. 209/21520 LOCATED ALONG SUSWA ROAD IN PARKLANDS AREA OF NAIROBI CITY COUNTY. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study Report is submitted to the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) in conformity with the requirements of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act, Cap 387 and the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003 Project Proponent: Salsabil Heights Limited, P.O Box 25107 – 00603, Nairobi. The following expert(s) conducted the assessment and prepared this EIA Study Report Name of the Expert Designation Reg. No. Signature Solomon Kyeni Lead Expert 3081 Aaron Mumo Associate Expert 9047 Expert’s contacts: P.O. Box 157 - 00600, Nairobi. Tel: 0724043970 For and on behalf of: Salsabil Heights Limited, P.O Box 25107 – 00603, Nairobi. Signed: Date: Name………………................………………………………........................…………… Designation…………........................……………………….................…..............… i EIA Study Report for the Proposed Serviced Apartments in Parklands Area of Nairobi City County. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Proceedings of the 11Th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME2015)
    @ Conference collection International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME2015) Dhaka, Bangladesh 18-20 December 2015 Editors Mohammad Ali Md.Abdus Salam Akanda A K M Monjur Morshed Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh Sponsoring Organizations Bangla Trac Ltd. Khulna Power Company Ltd. NoorTrade Electronics Aridod Tech Serve Limited All papers have been peer reviewed. Melville, New York, 2016 AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 1754 To learn more about AIP Conference Proceedings visit http://proceedings.aip.org AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1754 International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME 2015) Table of Contents Preface: 11th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICME 2015 010001 KEYNOTE PAPERS Heat transfer in completely and partially filled spherical phase change thermal energy storage modules Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman 020001 Engineering education in 21st century Firoz Alam, Rashid Sarkar, Roger La Brooy, and Harun Chowdhury 020002 MECHANICS AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING Effect of variable physical properties on the thermal behavior of thin metallic wires under a DC field Avishek Kumar Dey, Abhishek Kumar Ghosh, and S. Reaz Ahmed 030001 Performance & stability analysis of a three lobe journal bearing with varying parameters: Experiments and analysis Nabarun Biswas, Prasun Chakraborti, Ankuran Saha, and Srijit Biswas 030002 Investigation of displacement, strain and stress in single step transversely isotropic elastic bonded joint Md. Jakaria Apu and Md. Shahidul Islam 030003 Temperature rise and wear of sliding contact of alloy steels Arindam Roy Goswami, Santanu Sardar, and Santanu Kumar Karmakar 030004 Properties of micro-nano particle size admixtures of alumina at different sintering condition Rahin Sifat, Manira Akter, and A.
    [Show full text]
  • Sludge Disintegration Techniques - Assessment of Their Impacts on the Solubilization of Organic Carbon and Methane Production
    Band 68 Schriftenreihe des Lehrstuhls für Wasserchemie und Wassertechnologie und der DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) Sludge disintegration techniques - assessment of their impacts on the solubilization of organic carbon and methane production Elham Fatoorehchi Herausgeber Harald Horn Karlsruhe 2016 Elham Fatoorehchi Sludge disintegration techniques - assessment of their impacts on solubilization of organic carbon and methane production Herausgeber: Harald Horn Band 68 Schriftenreihe des Lehrstuhls für Wasserchemie und Wassertechnologie und der DVGW- Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) Karlsruhe 2016 ISSN: 2195-2973 Lehrstuhl für Wasserchemie und Wassertechnologie und DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) Engler-Bunte-Ring 9 D-76131 Karlsruhe Tel.: +49-(0)721-608-42581 Fax: +49-(0)721-608-46497 E-mail: [email protected] http://wasserchemie.ebi.kit.edu/ Titelbild: DOC chromatograms of sludge acquired with size exclusion chromatography Dieses Werk wird durch das deutsche Urheberrechtsgesetz und internationale Verträge urheberrechtlich geschützt. © 2016 Prof. Dr. H. Horn. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. All rights reserved. Sludge disintegration techniques - assessment of their impacts on solubilization of organic carbon and methane production zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTORS DER INGENIEURWISSENSCHAFTEN (Dr.-Ing.) der Fakultät für Chemieingenieurwesen und Verfahrenstechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte DISSERTATION von M. Sc. Elham Fatoorehchi aus Tehran, Iran Referent: Prof. Dr. Harald Horn Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Marc Wichern Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27.09.2016 Abstract Anaerobic stabilization of excess sludge is the favored biological process in wastewater treatment with a capacity of more than 50000 people.
    [Show full text]
  • New Gourna Village Conservation and Communıty New Gourna Village: Conservation and Communıty
    New Gourna Village Conservation and Communıty New Gourna Village: Conservation and Communıty March 2011 Acknowledgements This assessment was undertaken by World Monuments Fund (WMF) with the support of the Robert W. Wilson Challenge to Conserve our Heritage, and in collaboration with the UNESCO World Heritage Centre and the Luxor Governorate of Egypt. The WMF Project Team that carried out the survey and compiled the assessment report included Erica Avrami (WMF Project Manager); Jeff Allen, Gina Haney, Heba Hosny, Eta’ El Hosseiny, and Sarah Badea (all of Community Consortium); and William Raynolds (WMF Consultant). An accompanying film was produced by WMF in collaboration with Community Consortium, directed by Oliver Wilkins and with interviews and translations by Mostafa Naguib. The film, Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village: Past, Present and Future, is available at http://www.wmf.org/project/new-gourna-village The UNESCO physical survey team (Mahmoud Qutb, Nevine George, Heba Hosny, and Dalia Magdy) kindly provided the base plan used in this report. The Aga Khan Trust for Culture kindly provided historic images for the assessment and the film. Photography for the report was by Community Consortium, with additional images provided by Mostafa Naguib, Erica Avrami/WMF, and Hubert Guillaud/CRAterre-ENSAG. Graphic design of this report was by Ken Feisel, WMF Art Director. Editorial assistance was provided by Maria Golia. Special thanks go to the residents of New Gourna, who opened their homes to the assessment team and shared their stories. Their interest and cooperation are a testament to Hassan Fathy’s vision for a thriving community and to the shared hope for its future.
    [Show full text]
  • The Academic Research Community Publication
    http://www.press.ierek.com ISSN (Print: 2537-0154, online: 2537-0162) International Journal on: The Academic Research Community Publication DOI: 10.21625/archive.v2i2.485 Scenic and Scientific Representation of Water in Mughal Architecture: A case study of ShahJahan’s Quadrangle Lahore Fort, Pakistan Saira Iqbal1 1Quaid e Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract Nothing is useless in this world. Everything has its specific purpose and objectives with respect to its importance. The present-day hardware and materials utilized as a part of building swallow noteworthy measure of our national vitality. Ancient monumental buildings and palaces are still a place to relax without fans, coolers and air con- ditioners. There is a need to study the traditional buildings because they are time-tested. Mughal Architects are legendary for their creativity. Without beauty, architecture would just be the combination and amalgamation of some material. Hence, art is the soul and spirit of architecture. Mughal Architecture is the example of “Feeling of Wonder” that is the source of aesthetic experience. Mughals showed the great skills in infusing the Islamic idea with local tradition. Water has had been an important element in Asian culture and architecture. Water is an architectural element that is extensively used in our ancient buildings and in the garden of the Mughals. Water not only pleases the eye on a hot summer day, but also provides passive cooling. This paper deals with the utilization of water not only for the purpose of beautification of the site but also for studying the scientific utility of water. This study is a mixture of basic and applied methods according to architectural research methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Epoxide Functional Γ-Al2o3/Fe3o4/Sio2 Ceramic Nanocomposite Particles As Adsorbent for Reactive Azo
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 11 July 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0205.v1 Epoxide Functional γ-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2 Ceramic Nanocomposite Particles as Adsorbent for Reactive Azo Dye: Understanding Surface Property Sadia Salsabil Bristy1, Mohammad Mostafizar Rahman2, Mohammad Mahbubor Rahman1, Mohammad Ashraful Alam1, Mohammad Rabiul Karim1 and Hasan Ahmad1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh 2 Berger Paints Bangladesh Ltd., Dhaka Factory, Nabinagar, Savar, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel: +88-0721-711107 ORCID Hasan Ahmad: 0000-0003-1499-167X 1 © 2018 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 11 July 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0205.v1 Abstract: In this investigation magnetic γ-Al2O3 ceramic nanocomposite particles bearing epoxide functionality are prepared following a multistep process. The ultimate nanocomposite particles are named as γ-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2/poly(glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA). The surface property is evaluated by carrying out the adsorption study of Remazol navy (RN), a model reactive azo dye, on both γ-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2 and γ-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2/PGMA nanocomposite particles. The adsorption is carried out at the point of zero charge (PZC) to neutralize the effect of particle surface charge. The adsorption rate is very fast, reached equilibrium (qe) value within five min. Due to mesoporous structure of silica layer γ-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite particles possessed relatively higher specific surface area and magnitude of adsorption is dependent on the total specific surface area. The introduction of epoxide functionality favored high adsorption capacity in mass per unit surface area.
    [Show full text]
  • Cfd Evaluation of the Pottery Water Wall in Hot Arid Climate of Luxor, Egypt
    CFD EVALUATION OF THE POTTERY WATER WALL IN HOT ARID CLIMATE OF LUXOR, EGYPT BY MOUSTAFA ANWAR MOUSTAFA MOHAMED ISMAIL A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Built Environment Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design International Islamic University Malaysia JULY 2013 ABSTRACT The research is an attempt to improve the existing water wall by means of experimenting the humidity and temperature levels improvement caused by the pottery water wall. This study aims to evaluate the pottery water wall in hot arid climate specifically Luxor, Egypt using ANSYS Fluent for Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD simulation. The pottery water wall is a passive system in which the concept has been patented by the author at the Egyptian Patent Office. The pottery water wall is a combination of a water wall and porous ceramic pipes for evaporative cooling. It is regarded as an improvised version of the water wall. The study evaluates the efficiency of the pottery water wall in cooling and heating. The study compares between its designs, aiming to decipher the most efficient design of the pottery water wall, by simulating four different models on a room with a volume of 75m3 with three different opening sizes, porous ceramic pipes and surface areas as variances. The most efficient model of the pottery water wall derived from the first simulation will be evaluated for thermal comfort in the worst climatic conditions in Luxor, Egypt. The findings showed that the highest efficiency of the pottery water wall was achieved while using a moderate sized opening (900mm x 900mm), while its efficiency decreases if the opening size of 900mm by 900mm is made smaller or bigger.
    [Show full text]
  • Simulation Influence of Compressor 3 Pressure and Cyclone Pressure on Specific Energy Consumption and Cooling Heat in Renewable Desalination
    Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, Issue 2 (2021) 59-66 Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences Journal homepage: www.akademiabaru.com/arfmts.html ISSN: 2289-7879 Simulation Influence of Compressor 3 Pressure and Cyclone Pressure on Specific Energy Consumption and Cooling Heat In Renewable Desalination Engkos Achmad Kosasih1,*, Muhammad Irfan Dzaky1, Ahmad Zikri1, Ahmad Fadhil Nugraha1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The problem of freshwater is an issue that has been hot for discussion for decades. The Received 13 December 2020 number of industries and the increasing population in the world has caused the need Received in revised form 10 March 2021 for clean water to increase drastically. This scarcity occurs because 97.7% of the water Accepted 15 March 2021 available on earth contains salt. Only 2.3% contains no salt, and 99.5% of the amount Available online 22 March 2021 is ice, groundwater, and the atmosphere. With a large percentage of seawater, water needs for human survival can be met by using the desalination method. In this study using a throttling valve and utilizing cold water (secondary product) as a refrigerant to cool the room. This research will also discuss how specific energy consumption and cooling heat are affected by compressor pressure and cyclone pressure to prove how capable and efficient the renewable desalination method is in producing aquadest water, which is expected to help water availability to meet water needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Download 1 File
    ARCHITECTURE: COMFORT AND ENERGY This Page Intentionally Left Blank ARCHITECTURE: COMFORT AND ENERGY Editors C. Gallo, M. Sala, A.A.M. Sayigh 1988 ELSEVIER Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Singapore - Tokyo Published originally as a special issue (Volume 2:1/2) of the journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews and also available in hard-bound edition (ISBN 0-080-43004-X) ELSEVIER SCIENCE Ltd The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. This work and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Science Ltd, and the follow- ing terms and conditions apply to their use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single chapters may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Rights & Permissions Department, PO Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also contact Rights & Permissions directly through Elsevier's home page (http://www.elsevier.nl), selecting first 'Customer Support', then 'General Information', then 'Permissions Query Form'. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; phone: (978) 7508400, fax: (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP OLP, UK; phone: (+44) 171 436 5931; fax: (+44) 171 436 3986.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Passive Downdraft Evaporative Cooling Technique for Environmental Sustainability in Buildings
    Int'l Journal of Research in Chemical, Metallurgical and Civil Engg. (IJRCMCE) Vol. 3, Issue 2 (2016) ISSN 2349-1442 EISSN 2349-1450 Assessment of Passive Downdraft Evaporative Cooling Technique for Environmental Sustainability in Buildings Mohammad Arif Kamal microscopic water droplets into hot, dry ambient air, thereby Abstract—There has been a drastic increase in the use of air causing it to cool and descend into a required capture zone conditioning system for cooling the buildings all around the world. within a building. From here the cool air enters the adjacent Interest on reducing emission of greenhouse gases, caused by fossil occupied spaces through carefully sized and controlled fuels to power the cooling requirements of the buildings has openings. With PDEC cooling process, the air temperature stimulated the interest towards adoption of passive cooling techniques for buildings. Passive downdraught evaporative cooling may be reduced by 70-80% of the wet-bulb temperature (PDEC) is a passive cooling technique which involves spraying of depression, providing the potential for very significant controlled volumes of microscopic water droplets into hot, dry cooling in hot dry climatic regions. ambient air, thereby causing it to cool and descend into a required capture zone within a building. This paper provides a study of II. COOLING NEEDS OF BUILDINGS AND SUSTAINABILITY IN Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling (PDEC) as a passive ARCHITECTURE cooling technique for providing thermal comfort and its significance in energy conservation in buildings has been done. The According to the International Institute of Refrigeration interrelationship between sustainability and cooling needs of (IIR), there are more than 240 million air conditioning units buildings has also been discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • When and Why Is Pre-Treatment of Substrates for Anaerobic Digestion Useful?
    DOCTORAL T H E SIS Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering My Carlsson Waste Science and Technology When and why is Pre-Treatment of ISSN 1402-1544 ISBN 978-91-7583-376-7 (print) Substrates for Anaerobic Digestion Useful? ISBN 978-91-7583-377-4 (pdf) Digestion Useful? Anaerobic of Substrates for is Pre-Treatment When and why Luleå University of Technology 2015 My Carlsson When and why is Pre-Treatment of Substrates for Anaerobic Digestion Useful? My Carlsson Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Waste Science and Technology Printed by Luleå University of Technology, Graphic Production 2015 ISSN 1402-1544 ISBN 978-91-7583-376-7 (print) ISBN 978-91-7583-377-4 (pdf) Luleå 2015 www.ltu.se Ingenting försvinner, allt finns kvar! Tippen, SVT, 1993 Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) plays a key role in the recovery of renewable energy, in the form of biogas, and nutrients from waste materials. Pre-treatment of AD substrates has the potential to improve process performance in terms of increased methane yield and solids reduction, but pre- treatments are not yet widely implemented into full-scale AD systems. The aims of this thesis were to identify conditions that determine when pre-treatment has a positive impact on an AD system and ways to improve the practical utility of pre-treatment impact assessment. Key steps towards meeting these aims were to determine and critically analyse effects of pre-treatments on AD, and current evaluation schemes at three levels: AD substrate level – Direct effects on the substrate’s chemical and physical characteristics and its biodegradability/bioavailability; Local AD system level – Effects of pre-treatment on the AD process and its outputs, required inputs and (local) upstream and downstream processes.
    [Show full text]