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In order to unfold the thread of this unique and interesting story five contemporary Greek contemporary five story interesting of this order and thread In tounique the unfold The Antikythera Mechanism is an ancient Greek bronze, quot ancient Greek often an device, geared Mechanism is The Antikythera world’s computerfirst following events, of The discovered? sequence attracted interest, widespread has device, which the discovery of the Antikythera shipwreck and the Mechani of difficulties The 1902. December 1900 to November from dated articles newspapers of series the marine excavation, the financial and technical problems and the excitement that followed discovery

541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece Thessaloniki, 24, 541 Greece Thessaloniki, 24, 541 15 June 2012 June 15 - - mail: mail: Copyrightowned by the author(s) underthe terms of the Creative Commons Attribution - -

December 1902. In total about 440 articles were found in: Empros (161 articles), Estia (76 (76 Estia articles), (161 in: found total Empros were 440 articles about 1902. In December articles). (42 Sfaira and articles) (154 Skrip articles), (9 Proia articles),  From Antikythera to the Square Kilometre Array: Lessons Array: Kilometre Square the to Antikythera From Kerastari, Greece 12- 1

1. Introduction Laboratory of Astronomy of Laboratory GR Aristotle University Physics of Department GR Department of Physics of Department Astronomy of Laboratory John H. Seiradakis Magdalene Nikoli Aristotle University THE FIRST NEWSPAPER REFERENCES TO THE TO REFERENCES NEWSPAPER FIRST THE DISCOVERIES SHIPWRECK ANTIKYTHERA newspapers were thoroug were newspapers E E

PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

than cient cient

ch of Nikoli s evidence he had had he s evidence

Dimitrios Kontos and Elias and Elias Kontos Dimitrios while nowadays the locals call call locals the nowadays while homs, he signaled to be pulled to be pulled he signaled homs,

This was the day when the first first when the the day This was

Thus, were they forced to resort in the Aigilia or ere confronted by stormy weather in the stormy inweather the by ere confronted

Antikythera is a small island, only 6 miles 6 miles only island, a small is Antikythera When the storm When thepassed, storm one of the two

(Fig.1).

in length and 2 miles in width, located halfway halfway located width, in miles 2 and length in the of peninsula and Kythera between peak highest The . Crete western in Gramvousa is surface 378 meters and stony of its rocky called was it times ancient In sea level. above Aigila as it to refer sailors the and Sigilio and it Lious an from passage, particular This Tsirigoto. for dangerous extremely is untiltimes now, sand, shallow moving region with a is it asships currents. irregular and water 2 began on Holy Tuesday of 1900 (according to the the to (according of 1900 Tuesday on Holy began

[4]

the group continued its journey to the shores of North Africa, Africa, to North the of journey shores its continued group the

Antikytherashipwreck

oponnese. s were held and advice was requested from the elderly, about what to do with the the to do with what the about elderly, from requested advice was and held were s The unique path of the discoveries the of path The unique After thediscovery, Figure 1. The location of Antikythera between between Antikythera of location The 1. Figure Crete and Pel 2. The discovery of the Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: passage between the islands of Crete and Kythera Kythera and of the islands Crete between passage Julian calendar used at that time) when a group of Symiot sponge divers, including 6 divers and 6 divers and including divers, sponge of Symiot a group when time) that at used Julian calendar to sailing Africa, w in probably 22 rowers 2 boats, engage in an unlawful adventure. Thus, on November 6, on November Thus, adventure. in an unlawful engage presented and as evidence forearm bronze the them with taking Athens to went Lykopandis Stais. Spyridon Education, of Minister the to themselves However, of the the published was time. in newspapers about shipwreck the announcement aboutthe theGovernment treasure had informed the divers to information other according anchored. they where in Antikythera of Potamos Ormos searching for sponges and later returned to Symi, without any incidents worth mentioning. Back Back mentioning. worth without incidents any to returned Symi, for and later sponges searching lively while mission, a successful of fruits the enjoying months some spent they home, discussion treasure of the ship. Eventually, the Symiot professor of Archaeology at the University of of atUniversity the of professor Archaeology the Symiot Eventually, ship. the of treasure rather Government, the to findings the to report them convinced Economou, A. Athens, boats sailed to nearby cape Glyfadia, in the northeast of Antikythera, probably in sear seafood for the days of fasting. Elias Lykopandis a strong and experienced diver (also called (also called diver and experienced strong a Elias Lykopandis fasting. of thedays for seafood the the at shore, from far not dived, Minor) Stadia of Asia from to origin his due Stadiatis, 35 fat about he of reached a depth When of Pinakakia. position up brought had what Elias seeing surprised utterly were thecrew and Kontos D. up. Captain full shipwreck an ancient discovered had Lykopandis Elias of sea. the the bottom from with him A on the seabed. lying items, ancient and other statues bronze of and marble this the was And statue. part of a bronze which was right forearm an oversized him with brought followed. that events of course remarkable the of beginning discovery the 2.1 Reporting PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

Nikoli on November on November

xcavation they they xcavation

water only for 8 minutes for 8 minutes only water

had been transformed into lumps of of lumps into transformed been had ”) was often requested. Despite these these Despite requested. often was ”) Syros ” which due to her size many times could not could times not many size her to due ” which

divers in their work. This is why the assistance assistance the why is This work. their in divers

was entrusted to the friend of the sponge divers, divers, sponge the of friend the to entrusted was They could stay in the in stay could They 3 Mykali ” and “ ” and Kissa

”, “

” was immediately made available and with captain Andreas Andreas captain with and available made immediately was ”

Aigialia ere unable to separate them, so their work became more and more more and more became work their so them, to separate unable ere

Mykali the first day of their mission. Initially, it was assumed that a week or even a a even or week a that assumed was it Initially, mission. their of day first the . Even the ones that had remained relatively intact were probably being being probably were intact relatively remained had that ones the Even . to some articles, an earthquake that had occurred occurred had that earthquake an articles, that, to some according from Apartgreen”. objects -

According to the newspaper articles the sponge divers agreed to participate in the marine marine the in to participate agreed divers the sponge articles to the newspaper According The troopship “ Despite the initial difficulties the chronicle of the excavation began immediately and soon and soon immediately thebegan the excavation of chronicle Despite the difficulties initial Diving techniques The marine excavations3. The marine Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: in to order or did anything to paid them but attention nobody after its discovery immediately attracted they as evidence forearm the brought they when only Therefore, words. their confirm away. straight moving started things and Minister the of interest the Right from the beginning the divers had to deal not only with the bad weather and the the and weather bad the with only notdeal to had divers the the beginning from 24, 1900. Right of “ unsuitability the with sea also but rough the assist and the excavation the site of approach (“ ships of other, smaller would have a navy boat at their disposal with the necessary equipment, for the lifting of heavy of heavy lifting the for equipment, the necessary boat with their at disposal a navy would have to oversee in order onboard be would archaeologist accredited an that also agreed was It objects. mission particular this and operation the whole Economou. professor matters 3.1 Organizational excavation and they were promised to receive adequate remuneration for the treasures they they treasures the for remuneration adequate to receive promised were they and excavation e the during time, same the At Government. the to and deliver out would pull Sotiriadis and officers assembled from other ships at the last minute, she sailed she minute, last the at ships other from assembled officers and Sotiriadis from which 5 were needed for descend and ascend and thus only 3 minutes were left to work on work to were thus 3 minutes left only and and ascend descend which for 5 were needed from unconscious almost surface the to returned they that than more worked they When seabed. the and “pale a smashing the wreck on boulders accumulated had and damage caused had years the previous so was rocks natural the with objects marble the of bonding The treasure. the of part large w divers the that strong also had years) 2000 for (almost sea the in stay long the Moreover, day. by day difficult, others while of the statues many damaged and destroyed calcified destroyed during the hoisting, due to their delicate state. state. their due delicate to hoisting, the during destroyed difficulties the divers were not prevented from doing their job and they recovered antiquities job recoveredantiquities their doing andthey not preventedwere from the difficulties divers from immediately, month would be enough for the hoisting of the antiquities but soon they realized that more time time that more realized they soon but antiquities the of hoisting the for enough would be month they also but were numerous not only of were seabed the on lying statues the as required was careful. extra to be have would divers thethus and value archaeological unique hard very was work divers The light. to brought was treasures of archaeological number a large labor. and effort a of lot put had to and they 3.1.1 PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

the

Nikoli t of the antiquities werefound.

pute with the Ministry, they finally signed the the signed finally they Ministry, the with pute

4 y. On the other hand, many specialists as well as as as well specialists many hand, theother On y. at Symi. their home to nd returned

overnment to come to an agreement with expert companies companies expert with agreement an to come to overnment , convinced that more antiquities lied on the seafloor to be to be seafloor lied on the antiquities that more convinced ,

[5] was nothing else left to be found. However, the Minister, who had had who Minister, the However, found. be to left else nothing was

hey never came to an agreement. an to came never hey 1901 a sad event was published in the newspapers. The sudden death of the the The of death published was sudden in newspapers. the 1901 a sad event hus t should be mentioned that during these two years many articles were published published articles were many years two these that during mentioned should be ad weather, prevailing for long intervals, forced the divers to often interrupt their work. work. their interrupt often to divers the forced intervals, long for prevailing weather, ad

Despite the above mentioned adversities, the interval between November 1900 and 1900 and November between interval the adversities, mentioned the above Despite It Some newspapers suggested that more suitable equipment should be brought from abroad abroad from brought be should equipment suitable more that suggested newspapers Some ities that were thought not to to not thought thatwere antiqu ities few a extracted they followed, that the months During B AprilOn 28, Another important issue that occupied the journalist’s interest for a long time was the the was time forinterest a long journalist’s the issue that occupied important Another describing the efforts of the Greek G lying that were antiquities therest of the of excavation the undertake would which abroad, from were demands its but Genoa from was these companies of famous most The seafloor. on the t and excessive 4.The Antikythera treasures Difficulties during the excavation the during 3.2 Difficulties Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: February 1901 was very productive and during this period, mos and during productive very 1901 was February or legs arms, (head, statues of parts statues, bronze and marble were: these there Among containers, food and utensils plates, cups, jugs, vessels, bronze pottery, sculptures, bodies), lion, parts the of a bronze head of bed, ajewelry,decorated a war sword, parts andgold bronze in action, boxers representing statues some ship, the of as parts well as anchor an of horses, adolescents. other and athletes or even stop the excavation altogether and leave the antiquities to be discovered by later later by discovered to be antiquities the leave and altogether the stop excavation or even technolog appropriate more generations with many in seen damage the that opinion the expressed and disagreed personnel the Ministry’s to get them more leave they in should no case and that the divers by notcaused statueswas r. wate sea the by corroded vicinity of the shipwreck. was excavation the 1901, of September the end by and finally, value archaeological beof great being and anymore further antiquities any recover not could divers The halted permanently. a excavation the abandoned disappointed diver Georgios Kritikos shocked everyone while 2 days later a human skeleton was found in found was skeleton later a human days 2 while everyone shocked Kritikos Georgios diver By the end of February 1901 they were frustrated and wanted to abandon the excavation, saying saying excavation, the abandon to and were wanted frustrated the 1901 they end of February By there that believed they that Antikythera at them visited persuade to tried statues, many of parts missing were there that account into taking discovered, The did so! he And reward. them additional financial by giving their to work continue them excavation. the 1901 repeated March of end the divers at compensation of the divers. The amount of their reward was set at 150.000 drachmas and and drachmas 150.000 at set was reward oftheir amount The thedivers. of compensation and objections a dis and their demands despite of 1902. January in payment of contract PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

o

Nikoli ”. ese were Staishad

ister ), which caused caused which ),

” every time they they time every ” Min Kythera finds Kythera Syros

” and “ 78 BCE) had transferred stolen 78 BCE) stolen had transferred Antikythera Youth Antikythera 1901 they started being transferred to the the to transferred started they being 1901

, very day, crowds of people visited the Ministry Ministry the visited of people crowds day, very

5 placed in a special room that room a special in placed eryone agreed that these antiquities were unique and and unique were antiquities these that agreed eryone

(nowadays known as the the as known (nowadays for them. Outsidefor there the them. room was label the “ ished in 1901 and 1902, there was also another suggestion, stating that this this that stating suggestion, another also there was 1902, and 1901 in ished of statue Hermes Many archaeologists studied the findings and proposed different cities as the origin of the of the origin as the different cities and proposed the findings studied archaeologists Many In the beginning the antiquities were exhibited in the Ministry of Education, where people people where of Education, Ministry thein exhibited were antiquities the the beginning In items were transferred with “Mykali with transferred were items and statues these All Figure 2. Antikythera: Divers in action. Divers 2. Antikythera: Figure shipwreck, including Attica, Istanbul, Milos, Rhodes or even Argos. According to the to According the Argos. Rhodes or even Milos, Istanbul, Attica, including shipwreck, publ newspapers could have been one of the ships with which Sullas (138 BCE – BCE Sullas (138 with ofships which thecould been one have masterpieces in order to sell them or decorate important buildings in Rome. But all th all But Rome. in buildings important decorate or them sell to order in masterpieces times Roman the during had occurred wreck that was the thing certain Theonly guesses. only found. that had been vessels and the utensils by determined and this was Archaeological Museum were they where Museum Archaeological ordered to be only prepared admiration, enthusiasm and emotion. Ev emotion. and enthusiasm admiration, 3 February On immeasurable. was value their Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: returned to Piraeus from Antikythera. During these frequent journeys the Minister of Education, of Education, Minister the journeys frequent these During Antikythera. from to Piraeus returned t Piraeus from sailed often people, important as other well as antiquities, the of the curators (Fig.2) of divers. the the work supervise to in order versa and vice Antikythera treasures the of exhibition 4.1 The 1901. E of January until the end could them visit the mostly and antiquities the admired who abroad, from scholars also but Greeks mainly imposing PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

f 8 – Nikoli ake the ”) was read. read. ”) was 1902 the expert 1902 expert the

th ΑΚΤΙΣ the former Minister Minister the former

of Athens was asked to to asked was Athens of

ΗΛΙΟΥ 1901 the famous Austrian Austrian famous the 1901 of May

th 20

…” (“ difficult but it would require 4 require itbutwould difficult the

”. On used in order to determine the position of of the position determine to in order used

one of them more carefully he noticed part of a a of part noticed he carefully more them one of

6 . That’s why on October 6, October on why That’s .

era Mechanism 6] [ of October and the statue had become majestic. Alfred André André Alfred majestic. become had statue the and of October

nd re it there. The proposal was rejected for obvious reasons. reasons. for obvious rejected was The proposal there. it re ntment for August 1902. His award was set at 20.000 francs. The whole The whole francs. at 20.000 set was award His 1902. for August ntment Hermes of Hermes statue eek technician, Nikolaos Vranakis, who claimed that he had proposed the same same the proposed had he that claimed who Vranakis, Nikolaos technician, eek May 1902 a modest but most important announcement appeared in the newspapers. It It appeared in newspapers. the important announcement but most 1902 a modest May

In early July of 1901 the cleaning of the Antikythera’s finds was completed except for the the for except completed finds was the Antikythera’s of cleaning early the July of 1901 In On Apart from W. Sturm many other technicians showed their interest to undertake the the to their undertake interest other showed technicians W. Sturm many Apart from The first impression was that this plate was part of a nautical device, probably of a gnomon, gnomon, of a probably device, a nautical of part was thisplate that was impression The first that insisted other hand the on Svoronos Ioannis The numismatist compass. as a used which was theancients that an instrument an this was astrolabe, small gear on it. He was able to assemble a few more pieces to form a plate on which the whole whole the which on a plate to form pieces more few a to assemble able was He it. on gear small with inscription thean there was around gear that Thennoticed he could gear be distinguished. excited really got and inscription the read to tried everyone Immediately letters. greek distinct be verified. could artifact of the ancient and place of origin thetime this that by reading hoping the Sun from After the “…aexamination phrase ray thorough of Education, Spyridon Stais, who was visiting the Archaeological Museum with his wife and and his with wife Museum the Archaeological visiting was who Stais, Spyridon of Education, of pieces bronze scattered some , investigated he Hermes of statue the admiring while her sister, Observing statue. the around lying antiquities, had done an amazing work, which was warmly praised by the press. by praised warmly was which work, amazing an done had 5. TheAntikyth discovery of the welding of the the of welding undert to order in Vienna from Athens to came finally Sturm Wilhelm technician the examined He reluctance. initial his despite and discussions many after statue, the of welding the in existed that best the of one as it characterized and Museum Archaeological the at statue be wouldn’t welding thatthe said He museums. world’s Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: of statue 4.2 The technician arrived in Athens. After examining the statue he decided that the welding wouldn’t wouldn’t welding that the decided the he statue examining After in Athens. arrived technician also He indicated invented. he had personally that mixture a with it do would He difficult. be it But he stronger. to order statue make the in ininterior of an frame the iron that he would place later days few a left he so epoch, cooler a at do to preferable be would it that suggested his appoi renewing work was completed by the 2 by completed was work welding of the magnificent statue and attracted the journalist’s attention at times. A dispute was was dispute A times. at attention journalist’s the attracted and statue magnificent the of welding a Gr by raised months, a rather long period, which he didn’t have due to his responsibilities in the- in Archaeo due to responsibilities his have period, which he didn’t long a rather months, sent be should statue the that suggesting Greece, left he later week A Vienna. of Institute logical in Vienna in to order resto technician 1902 an Armenian February 10 earlier. On months as Sturm’s, of welding method o the statue of welding the to task of be assigned theMuseum asked Istanbul from Imperial elsein someone as he had them one of choosing reluctant in very was Minister the . But Hermes to refusedinitially had André Alfred who French the was sculptor this famous And man mind. School Archaeological French the of the director why that’s and come 6 May On he came! indeed And to come. him to convince order in mediate Antikythera Mechanism “Antikythera the of discovery the reported PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

Nikoli d also November 1901), 1901), November a handful of coins from a handfulof from coins

-

most important

1976. He was most interested in finding bronze bronze finding in interested most was He 1976. 7 Romas (December (December Romas December 1902) and Alexandros stand the incredible astronomical and technological and technological thestand incredible astronomical ned unexplored for the next decades until Jacques Yves Yves Jacques until decades next the for unexplored ned

important events discovered during a 2 year “journey” through the the through “journey” a 2 year during discovered events important most the were These English their (with reports newspapers important some early pages the In following

The site of the shipwreck remai shipwreck the of The site items, which were considered to be rare and precious. His contribution was very important. He He important. very was contribution His precious. and rare be to considered were which items, jewelry and - items, ral bronze seve excavated was He BCE. 85 and 67 dated was between shipwreck Antikythera with which the Pergamum, the shipwreck. of site the search and visit to last the Cousteau started his explorations on June 12, June on explorations his started Cousteau

Concluding remarks 7. Concluding 6. The excavation Cousteau Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: 7 only device the geared of discovery the about enthusiasm original the Despite ship. their the Probably few days. next the in newspapers the in published were it about articles under fully couldn’t archaeologists knowledge hidden in it so they lost interest and finally ignored it and dealt with other more other more with anditdealt ignored finally and lost interest they so itin hidden knowledge issues. to expertise their closer and comprehensible contemporary greek press about the Antikythera wreck, which even though it had its difficulties, itits difficulties, had though which even wreck, press Antikythera the about greek contemporary shoul It felt proud. which everyone for legacy, Greek the part of light a to great it brought presented. are translation) be stated that the role played by the Minister of Education was very important. During this time this time important. During very was the Minister of by Education that thebe stated role played - 1900 (May Stais Spyridon duties: assumed Education of Ministers three 1901- (November Momferratos Antonios 1902). -

PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

fishing fishing -

as asked to e sponge Nikoli

Minister answers tothese

FINDINGS

The Symiotsthe to The questions which Mr. Yesterday, the Symiot Yesterday, During this period the The The Ministry of Education Mr. Mitsopoulos saysMr. Mitsopoulos THE KYTHERA THE KYTHERA The marble statues. What What statues. marble The tion of the antiquities. Professor and Rector of Rector the and Professor University Mr. Mitsopoulos the about opinion his give to of decay extent thatvariable individual marble statues have suffered. w Mitsopoulos are: answer statues the of some Why 1) seabed the on remained had while unchanged, completely sea eroded others were by salt? of them some 2) Why were calcification? covered by for take it did long How 3) to occur? chemical decay this questions, shedwill light on investiga archaeological the divers, who are still in Athens, visitedthe Minister Mr. Stais, and said they that the to continue agree the Easter after excavation holidays, which they will spend in their home island. owners of th boats remainwill in Piraeus. invited Mineralogythe

Empros March 3, 1901 3, March Empros Temporary interruption of works and questions questions and works of interruption Temporary

- ] 8

peninsu- en adequateen of Athens

] discovered, in in discovered, ]

d the rest of the the of rest the d

This is a THE SEA “Kriti”to Kythera “Kriti”to According to reports reports to According The Navy Ministry f Poseidon. Poseidon. f ANTIQUITIES IN

out the site where the antiquities lie, which value. are of great hopefully the yesterday ordered troopship ‘’Kriti’’ to sail to Kythera bringing with her Mr. anKavvadias archaeologists. absence of the necessaryabsence means. Only the handof a up. pulled was statue copper It of is great art and seems to belong toan oversized statue o agree in came Mr. Stais ment Mr.with Voudouris to with bringing a warship send the of her curator the general Mr. Kavvadias, antiquities from Oikonomou professor the University [ from Kythera, divers working cape and island the between [ Malea ofmistake: the island located Antikythera is andbetween Kythera the Gramvousa la in Crete the seabed, copper several though without statues, haulingthem, due to the and other archaeologists. The archaeologists. other and be giv divers will point to order in remuneration Skrip November 6, 1900 Skrip November

Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: The the firstin announcement newspapers

PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

-

a letter to Nikoli today.

Museum

decoration HERMES HERMES WELDING Mister Andre’s Andre’s Mister Before his departure he departure he Before his The Ministers in the the in Ministers The After his departure Mr. his After The welded statue has statue The welded The forstayed Ministers Yesterday morning the The French sculptor Mr. sculptor TheFrench

temporary placed a been on for open be will and base public viewing Minister Mr. Zaimis, Prime Ministerthe of Education Mr. Negris Mr. Momferratos, of Finances the Ministry from of general secretary the and Ministrythe of Education Mr. Kollivas, visited the Hermes. of copper statue about an hour admiring the statue. welded departed André yesterday, returning to France with his assistants. visited Prime the Minister, the and Mr. Zaimis Minister Mr. Education of Mom ferratos. with Momferratos proposed Minister Prime the to honour Mr. André, as a of for appreciation token performing suchan excellent weldingon the Antikythera masterpiece.

Empros October 6, 1902 6, October Empros

The completion of the Hermes welding by mister Andre mister by welding Hermes the of completion The 9 - - ip

r to a of

ΙΝΟΝ….

examining the

… THE

…. …. ΓΝΩΜΩΝ ANTIQUITIES The inscribed plate On another plate which was ANTIKYTHERA A more thorough investigation The eminent archaeologist Mr. Today,the director of the Mr. Vyzantinos’s opinion is The copper inscribed plate, ΦΙΡΜΙΟΣ …. ne, at the bottom of the sea, he …. willprobably lead to safea determinationof the epochof the antiquitiesand ofthe shipwreck which carried them. will Bilmen Mr. Institute Austrian also visit the Museum, together with many other archaeologists, who are experts in reading ancient inscriptions. ΤΩΝ apparently stuck on top of the first o readthe following: that the style of the Antikythera antiquities belongs to the epoch 150 BCE to 200 AD. However, today after re- a lens, with he willbeinscription able, hopefully, to a give definite answerabout the epoch. gists is well justified. Now, they they Now, justified. is well gists will be able to determine what the wonderful copper statue, which se the from excavated was Antikythera and hasprovoked so many conflicts and discussionsin order to be named “Hermes”, among many and lively objections and protests, represents. the visit to first the was Vyzantinos Museum yesterday in orde examine the plate. Afterlonga and careful research he managed to assemblethe pieces as well as he couldand was able to read the followingletters: which was discovered among the Antikythera antiquities thanks to the former Minister’s Mr. Stais insight, is of outmost importance because itsreading will reveal from when and where the anti sh the with sank which quities, wreckat Antikythera, came from. Therefore the interest that the announcement of this accidental discovery among the archaeolo-

Skrip May 22, 1902 May 22, Skrip

Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: The discovery of the Antikythera Mechanism Antikythera the of discovery The

PoS(Antikythera & SKA)010

Nikoli 27,

. Kaltsas, E. . Kaltsas, Horol.

. Eds N ., , 2012 31, Antiquar. Antiquar. . . Selides, eds Kollaros, A calendar computer from from computer calendar A - (in greek) 1901 investigations 1901

70 (1974) (reprinted by Science History History Science by (reprinted 70 (1974) (MSc Thesis). Louisiana State University, USA, USA, University, State Louisiana Thesis). (MSc

-

The 1900- The

,

10

aeological Museum, Athens, p 18- Athens, Museum, aeological

Without their research efforts and the safeguarding of the the of safeguarding the and efforts research their Without (2006). , New Series, 64, 1 Series, , New

591 – 444, 587 situ assistance of the personnel of the Library of the Hellenic parliament parliament Hellenic the of Library the of thepersonnel of assistance situ

Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Antikythera the as known calculator astronomical Greek ancient the Decoding

-

, . in

Nature poulou, M. Antoniou, S. Massouridi S. Antoniou, M. poulou,

Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Phil. Am. Trans. . 1921

tions, New York, 1975). York, New tions, Tsipo

279 (2003). It is a pleasure to thank the Antikythera Research Project group and the National National the and group Project Research the Antikythera to thank is a pleasure It Gears from the Greeks: The Antikythera Mechanism The Antikythera the Greeks: from Gears D. de Price, S. M. Epicyclic gearing and the Antikythera Mechanism, Part I Part Mechanism, Antikythera M. the and T. Wright, gearing Epicyclic T. Freeth et al T. et Freeth The Antikythera Youth in its context its in Youth Antikythera The Myers, E.S. Antikythera of E.treasures Lykoudis, Archaeological The

ca. ca. 80 BC Publica Vlachogianni P.& Bouyia, National Arch 270- Mechanism. Athens, 2006. or their efforts to digitize several early newspapers. early several digitize to efforts their or [1] [4] [2] [3] [6] [5] References Antikythera: Early newspaper references newspaper Early Antikythera: Acknowledgements Archaeological Museum of Athens. of Museum Archaeological like also We would initiated. been have wouldn’t work this respectively, fragments Antikythera the toacknowledge and f