730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 10,-
The question being put, therewereonadivision-ayes9, noes22. question of printing should be referred to the Committee on The PRESIDENT pro tempore. A quorum has not voted. Printing. Mr. HOAR. I rise to move that the Senate adjourn. Mr. ALLISON. D.o all those documents accompany the com Mr. ELKINS. Before that is done, I desire to present some munication? papers in the nature of morning business. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. All the documents are con· Mr. COCKRELL. We can not do any business in the absence nected with it. of a quorum. l\Ir. ALLEN. Is it in response to the resolution I introduced Mr. ELKINS. I me1·ely want-to present some papers and bills, some days ago? so as to get them out of my charge. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair is inclined to think l\Ir. HOAR. That·can not be done now. it is. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the motion Mr. ALLISON. I understand it is in response to the resolution of the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. HOAR], that the Senate of the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. ALLENJ. Those papers seem adjourn. The motion was agreed to; and (at 4 o'clock and 10 minutes to be rather voluminous. I suppose they are letters and docu p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Wednesday, Janu ments. ary 10, 1900, at 12 o'clock meridian. Mr. ALLEN. They ought to be printed. Their value, I sup pose, consists in being printed and made public. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the rule they would go to the Committee-on Printing. SENATE. Mr. HALE. That committee can report at any time. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. But the Senate can order the WEDNESDAY, January 10, 1900. printing without a reference. Mr. ALLISON: The Senate can order the printing: I hope The Chaplain, Rev. W. H. M.lLBUR:N, D. D., offered the follow they will be ordered printed. . ing prayer: ~fr . ALLEN. I trust they will be ordered printed without a b Thou in whose hand ouT breath is and whose are all our reference of the question. ways, as the Senate meets to·day to pay its tribute of respect and Mr. ALLISON. Let them be printed and referred to the Com· affection to the memory of our late beloved Vice-President, a man mittee on Finance. whose generous nature, sunny temper, and friendly ways endeared Mr. VEST. Tu there any statement there by the Sec1'0tary? him to all who were brought in contact with him, grant that the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There is quite a long state men who speak may set forth the feeling not only of the Senate, ment from the Secretary. but of the whole country. Hear our devout prayer in behalf of the wife who has been Mr. ALLEN. That should be printed as a part of the docu· widowed, and of the son who has been rendered fatherless. Up ment. hold and steer them in their unspeakable bereavement. And let Mr. VEST. Yes, if it is too long to be read. I should like to this great sorrow, which has touched so many homes and hearts, hear it read. I do not care anything about tbe exhibits, but I come to us with the sense that there is a future where God's sons should like to hear the Seoretary's general statement about this and daughters are gathered in immortal peace and blessedness, matter, unless it would take too much time. where are no tears, nor sorrow, nor gl.'ief. We pray through Jesus The PRESIDENT pro tempo1·e. It comprises six.or ejghtpages. Christ, our Saviour. Amen. Does the Senator ask that it be read? The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro Mr. VEST. Unless it would take too much time. I do not know ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. LODGE, and by unanimous con how long it is. sent, the further r~ading was dispen.Sed with. Mr. LODGE. How many pages does it comprise? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal, without objec The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Perhaps 10 pages. tion, will stand approved. Mr. VEST. Let.it be read if it is only 10 pages long. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair discovers that it is NAVAJO rnDIAN RESERVATION, a great deal longer. It compTises the entire document here. There The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the fol must be 30 pages of it. lowing messa·ge from the President of the United States; which Mr. ALLISON. Thirty printed pages? was read, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Thirty printed pages. mittee on Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed: Mr. ALLEN. Why can not that be printed in the RECORD? l\Ir. VEST. I do not ask that it be read if it is that long. To the Senate and the House of Representatives: Mr. ALLEN. Let it be printed in the RECORD. I transmit herewith a communication from the Secretary of the Interior, dated the 5th instant, with accompanying papers, expressing an urgent Mr. ALLISON. I think it is too much matter to be printed in necessity for the enlargement of the Navajo Indian Reservation, iaArizona, the RECORD, although I do not know; it may be such an impor· to enable these Indians to support themselves by stock raising within the tant document that it deserves to be printed in the RECORD. 1f limits of their reservation. WILLIAM McKINLEY. it were read, of course it would appear in the RECORD. EXECUTIVE MANSION, 1\fr. VEST. I take it for granted that the Secretary has an Washington,, January 10, 1900. swered fa a· general way the inquiry which was made of him by the Senate and that in substantiating his statement he has filed URGE.h""T DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION ACT OF MARCH 9, 1898. these exhibits. My object in asking for the reading is to get a The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair.lays before the Sen general idea of what his statement is. It seems to me that the ate a communication from the Attorney-General, transmitting, in Senate ought, out of respect to him, to have it read. response to a resolution of the 8th instant, certain information Mr. ALLISON. Without knowing the contents of the paper, r6lative to that portion of the $50,000,000 appropriated by Con I think the Secretary has attempted to answer with great fullness gress under the act approved March. 9, 1898, making appropria and in an explicit way the inquiries of the resolution submitted tions to supply urgent deficiencies in the appropriations for the by the Senator from Nebraska. I would be glad to hear it read, fiscal year ending June 30, 1898, and for prior years: and for other or I think it might very well be printed in the RECORD or printed purposes, and stating that no portion of the amount was assigned as a document, I do not care which. It ought to be printed as a to and expended by or under the direction of the Department of document in connection with the papers submitted. Justice. Mr. ALLEN. It ought to be printed as a part of the proceed What disposition does the Senator from Nebraska. [Mr. ALLEN] ings, with all the exhibits~ as a document. desirn to have made of the communication? Mr. ALLISON. It can be printed in a day or two. I sugaest • Mr. ALLEN. I move that it be printed, with the accompanying to the Senator from Nebraska and the Senator from Missouri that papers, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. this document can be printed and placed on our tables to-morrow The motion was agreed to. or Friday morning. I ask that the communication be printed as a document, with all the accompanying papers, and then weshall NEW YORK BA..~ TRA.NS.A.CTIOXS. have the whole story, whatever it is. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Sen Mr. ALLEN. That will be s3tisfactory to me. ate a communication from the Secretary of the Treasury, trans Mr. HALE. Let me suggest that if we print the repo1·t of the mitting, in response to a resolution of the 4th instant, copies of Secretary and the accompanying documents we shall have a great, all letters, communications, agreements, papers, and documents cumbrous book that nobody will read. Not only ought the com· between the Treasury Department of the Government of the munication to be printed with the accompanying papers, bc.t as a United States and the National City Bank and the Hanover Na separate document, because most people will want to see the re tional Bank, of the city of New York. port without regard to the papers that accompany it. I suggest The papers are quite voluminous. The Chair supposes they to the Senators to have it done in that way. ahould be referred to the Committee on Finance. Perhaps the- Mr. ALLISON. Very well; I do not object to that. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 731
Mr. ALLEN. I do not object to that part' of it, but I want to of $16,198,410. With few exceI>tions, these institutions were made the recip~ ient.s of deposits from internal-revenue collectors at the various points in the see the report, with the exhibits, printed as an entir&document. country where the chief offices of the collectors of the severaldistticts are Mr. VEST. We ought to have that report read. located. All these depositary banks were permitted to hold. as fixed bal ances, an amount approximating the par value of the bonds deposited as Mr. HALE. What the Senator from Nebraska desires will be security. Any surplus over the amount which each was authorized· to hold done under my suggestion. The communication will be pr~nte~, was required to be transferred to some· one of the several subtreasuries as with thea-ccompanyingpapers,as a document. All togetherit will soon as received. be a very bulky document. Then let the Secretary's report be also This general course of affairs and practice continued until November, 1897. At the end of October of that year public deposits in national banks printecl as a document by itself. aggi·egated$17,159,616. During November, however,. were begun:those large Mr. ALLEN. I think it ought. to g. in the RxcoRD, too. The payments which resulted from the highly successful settlement of the Pa. RECORD cific Railroad indebtedness. The receipts on acceunt of the Union Pacific has a general circulation. Railroad.a&'gi·egated $58;!48,223.'io; all of whieh was paid between November Mr. ALDRICH. I have no objection to the Secretary's report 26, 1 97, ana..Janua-ry 6, 1898, a.period of little over a month. itself geiug into th'0 RECORD• . It was thought expedient, as a part of this enol'mous transaction, to utilize for a few days the services of depositary banks, with the result that at the !tr. ALLEN. I do not want the· exhibits to go into the RECORD, end of November, 1897, public deposits with such institutions had increased but I want the report. itself printed in the RECORD. to S37,744:,217, and a.t the end of Decembel', 1897, to Si9,182,717. Mr. HALE. Tb.en let the RECORD to-morrow morning contain The reason for this action was to avoid the injurious effect upon trade and industry of a too sudd~n withdrawal from public uses into the vaults of the the report of the Secretary. Let the report be printed separately Treasm·y of so la.rge a snm as $08,000,000. For the same reason, on December as a document, and let it also be printed, with the pa11ers· accom 13, 18£7, I gave notice tha.t on Friday, December2!, 1897, the Department would panying it, as another document be prepared to begin. the redemption, without rebate of interest, of the bo~ aggregating $29,00!,952, issued in aid of the Pacific railroads, commonly known Mr. ALI.EN. That is right. as "currency sixes," and maturing January 1, 1898. Th.e PRESIDEN'P pro tempore. The Senaton from Maine asks By the-end of :May, 1898, public·deposits in depositary. banka halt been' re that the report oil the Secretary be printed in the RECORD; that duced to $28,239,359. At this time occurred an event which has ever. since· had a. marked infl:n the report and memorandum accompanying it. (there is a mem ence upon the course of national finances, namely; the breaking out of war orandum separate from the other papers) be prmted· together as a between the United States and. Spain. June 1.1898, there we.re 112·depositary document, and that the other-papers be printed with the report banks, holding a total but little in excess of $28,000,000, thus showing only a slight modification of the condition existing on Marcld, 1897.., notwithstanding and; memorandum. Is there objection to the request of the Sen the receipts on account of the Union Pacific settiement. ator from Maine? The Chair. hears none, and it is so oTdered. Now, however the Government was confronted with the neces.
money in the Treasury is shown by letters addressed to me by Mr. J. F. Me· nal designation or for an increa.'3e in their former deposit allowance. The line, Assista-ct 'l'reasurer of the United States at Washington, D. C.; Mr. E. B. total sum thus applied for aggregated $17,846,000. Daskam, who has been connected with the Department thlrty-five years, and On Tuesday, the 19th of December, I held a conference with the Treasurer for many yearsha.s been Chief of the Division of Public Moneys, and Mr. W. F. of the United States as to a safe and convenient way to distribute the incom MacLennan, who, connected with tbe Department for thirty years, has for ing revenue among the numerous applicants, with the view of giving to each twenty years of that period been Chief of the Division of Bookkeeping and his fair and just proportion, without favoritism toward any. As a result of warrants. I content myself by here quoting one-that of the Assistant Treas· this conference the Treasurer was directed to address a lett-er to the National urer of the United States, Mr. J. F. Meline, who for thirty-four years la.st G'ity Bank of New York, a copy of which is as follows: past has been intimately associated with the business of the Treasurer's TREASURY DEPARTMENT, office. His lett..sr is as follows: OFFICE OF THE TREASURER U~"'ITED STATES. TREASURY DEPART~T. OFFICE OF THE TREASURER, Washington, D. 0 ., December 20, 1899. Washington, D. C., January 6, 1900. SIR: The Secretary of the Treasury directs that the proceeds of the inter- Srn: In response to your verbal inquiry as to what constitutes a deposit in nal revenue shall, for the present, be con~ntrated ~your bank. Instrnc· the Treasury of the United States, I have to say that inmyopini_ona. lawfully tions to that end have been sent to the var10~ depositary b~ks.throughout constituted depositary bank is as much the Treasury of the Umted States as the country. The purpose of this concentration IS for distr1"Qut10n of funds any of the offices of the Treasury system. The practice in vogue in the De- to all the banks which accept the offer of the Department to pledge additional partment has beet). to consider the f~ct of the Secre~ry of ~be Tre~sru·y cov· bon_ds in ?rder to s.ecure such moneys. . ering in such receipts as are authorized to be depoSited with nat10nal-bank "'You will apJ;>reciate that at present the Department can leave wit~ your depositaries by the issue of covering warrants as req¢.red bylaw, a full com- bank only a fau- pro rata share of the funds transferred to you, a_nd ~.ask ~liance with the law, in properly getting the money mto the Treasury: of the Iyou to .J?SY transfers dl'.awn on yo.ur bank for the _Proposed distr1butio1:1-. United States. The balance of public funds reported at stated peri.ods as Car~ will b~ taken by this o~ce to msure the r~tention by you of your fair available to the Treasurer's check covers not only the funds h~ld rn the a~d mcre~mg sha!e of ~he fun~s ~thered by this process, and the transfers Treasury offices and mints, but also the amounts he!d by the nahon~l-bank will be ad1usted with t~s plan m view. . . . • depositaries to the credit of the Ti:easurer of the Umted States. ThIS total The pepart~en~ relies on your cooperation m this task, and tru~ts that represents the moneys in the "Umted States Treasury." the receipts will without unreasonable delay fill your quota of deposits. Respectfully, Respectfully, J. F. MELINE, ELLIS H. ROBERTS, .Assistant Treasurer United States. Treasure1· of the United States. The SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Mr. JAMES STILLMAN, In the case of Branch vs. United States (lOOSup. Ct. Rep., 673), Chief Justice Presi
No bank is_permitted to hold an a.mount of balance in excess of the par printed page. I should be very glad if the petition and the signa· value of the United States bonds furnished as security therefor. It is the uniform rale of the Department to allow a balance equal to par of the se tnres could be printed in the RECORD. curity furnished if consisting of United States 4 or 5 per cent bonds and 95 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The printing of the signatures per cent on 3 per cent bonds. can only be done by unanimous consent. The table which accompanies this letter will show in general the length of time during which existing depositary banks have held public deposits. Mr. BATE. What is the petition? No interest iS received by the Government on public deposits, and no com Mr. LODGE. It is a petition for the favorable consideration of pensation has ever been paid by the Government to national-bank deposita The Hague treaty. It is too short and small to make a document of. ries for ser-yjces rendered by them. Summing up my reply to the several inquiries of the resolution, I would The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Massachu say: setts asks unanimous consent that the petition he presents may be First. That the reason for utilizing national banks as depositariesfor pub printed, with the signatures, in the RECORD. Is there objection? lic moneys, as authorized by law, when the receipts of the Treasury were exceeding its expenditures, has been to avoid the disturbance to business The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. which the withdrawal of large sums of money from active circulation to the The petition is as follows: Treasury vaults must inevitably cause. The policy thus pursued by me has been the established policy of the Government for many years, and a depar To the honorable the members of the Senate: ture from it under similar conditions would certainly cause disastrous results. The undersigned unite in respectfully urging your favorable consideration Second. The reason for directing the internal·revenue receipts into de of the treaty of The Hague, relative to the peaceful adjustment of intern.a positary banks at this time is that the revenues ~e now largely exc~eding tional differences. disbursements from month to month, and seem likely to do so for an mdefi The Congress of the United States, in 1890, adopted a concurrent resolution nite time. This condition would be a menace to the business world if assur· requesting the President to invite from time to time negotiations with all ance were not ,;iven that this surplus would be diverted from the Treasury foreign powers, to the end that any differences or disputes which could not vaults to public depositaries, where, while secure to the Government, it be adjusted by diplomatic agency might be referred to arbitration and be would remain available to business use. peaceably adjusted by such means. In the spirit of this resolution oul' Gov Third. The reason for directing all of the internal-revenue receipt.s to one ernment was among the first to accept the proposal of the Emperor of Russia depositary was that it is more convenient to first collect the receipts of nu for a. conference "as to the most effective means of securing to all peoples the merous offices into one place, and make the desired distribution fl:'om it, than benefits of a real and durable peace." to give new instructions daily to 113 collectors. The most converuent agency The labors of that conference, in which the leading powers of the world to effect such distribution is a bank which is a member of the New York were represented, resulted in a unanimous agreement. 'rhis agreement es Clearing House. . tablishes as the avowed policy of all the nations concerned the beneficent Fourth. The reason for selecting the National City Bank as such distrib principle that force on~ht not to be em.ployed unless neither friendly offices, uting agent was that at the time the order was issued it was one of bat two nor mediation, nor arbitration. can settle the difficulty. At the same time it banks whicl;l had offered bonds sufficient to cover the amount of the daily leaves every nation absolutely free to follow its own judgment of what its deposit. . Its bond depcisit was $4,000@0 ~nd that of the Hanover National interest and honor demand. Bank $1910 500. The National City .tlail.K was therefore the one most natu Oar representatives in the conference declared over their signatures, and rally chosen. Of the 68 banks applying for a share of the deposits, the Na their action in so doing was accepted as entirely satisfactoryt~hat the treaty tional City Bank, the Ha.nover National Bank, and 3 others, applicants for was not to be held to conflict with oar traditional forei~ policy. European over SSOO 1000 each, are the only ones out of the 68 constituting group 1 which interference in American affairs is not invited or permitted. have not been supplied the full amount for which they had offered security. For more than a hundred years the United States has been foremost among Fifth. The custom-house proper~y was sold to the National City Bank as the nations in the settlement of international disputes by means of arbitra- the highest bidder on July 3, 1899. Und~r the terms of the. sale it had the tion. · option of paying in cash all of the purchase money at any time, or any part Therefore we trust that the pending treaty, the provisions of which we it might elect aboye $750,000, wp.ich sum it was ~bsolntelJ: obli~ed to pay. It have carefully examined, may receive your favorable consideration. exercised this option by choosmg to pay $3,21::>,000, leavmg $50,UOO yet due. We have the honor to transmit, under separate cover, two pamphlets in No deed will be executed until full payment has been made. which the merits of the treaty are discussed. The payment received was turned into the Treasury by deposit in the With !P'eat respect, we remain, National City Bank, it having been the established custom of Treasury offi Simeon E. Baldwin, president of the International Law :A.ssoda cials, under the counsel of their legal advisers, supported by decisions of the tion; Cornelius N. Bliss, ex-Secretary of the Interior; John L. Supreme Oourt, to consider moneys on deposit to the credit of the Treasurer Cadwalader,ex-AssistantSecretaryof State; John G. Carlisle, of the United States in designated depositaries as moneys in the Treasury. ex-Secretary of the Treasury; James C. Carter, president of This deposit was made ~ a deposi~y bank for~tl!e same reason that o~her the Bar Association of New York; Leander T. Chamberlain deposits have been made m them, VIZ, because to withdraw the currency mto New York; Grover Cleveland, ex-President of the United the vaults of the Treasury, where it was not needed and could not be utilized, States; Thomas J. Conaty, president of the Catholic Univer would have required a withdrawal of credit that was being extended in com sity of America, W~gton, D. C.; J. L. M. Curry, Washing mercial circles, and to that ~xtent a disturbance to the n::i.tural order of busi ton D. C.; William R. Day, ex-Secretary of State; William E. ness would have followed. To have required its payment by the National DOdge, New York; Charles W. Eliot, president of Ha.rvard City Bank to another designated. depositar~ would have been an ungracious University; William M. Evarts, ex-Secretary of State; Charles discrimination without substantially changmg the fact. S. Fairchild, ex-Secretary of the Treasury; John W. lt~oster, Finally under my administration of the Treasury Department no discrim ex-Secretary of State; Daniel C. Gilman, president of Johns ination in favor of one bank against another has been ma.de. Generally speak Hopkins University; George Gray ex-Senator of the United ing when an increarn in depositary banks was desired, all have been invited States; Arthur T. Hadley, president1 of Yale University; , to qualify themselves for receiving such money, and have been equally and William R. Harper, president of the University of Chicago; equitably considered in their respective relations to the Treasury. Abram S. Hewitt, New York; Henry Hitchcock, St. Loms; Respectfully, M. E. Ingalls, Cincinnati; David Starr Jordan, president oft.he L. J. GAGE, 8ec1·etary. Leland Standford Junior, University; George E. Leighton, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The communication and ac St. Louis; Cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago; Jolin B. Moore, ox Assistant Secretary of State, professor of international law companying papers will be referred to the Committee on Finance. and diplomacy, Columbia. Uni-versity, New York; LeviP. Mor PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. ton, ex-Vice-President of the United States; Richard Olney, ex-Secretary of State; C. Stuart Patterson, Philadelphia; Rob The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented the petition of M. B. ert E. Pattison, ex-governor of Pennsylvania; Francis L. Pat ton, president of Princeton University; Whitelaw Reid, New C. Brown, of Scranton, Pa., praying for the adoption of the pro York; George L. Rives, ex-Assistant Sec1·etary of State; John M. llosed amendment to the pending census bill relating to the deaf; Schofield, Lieutenant-General, U.S. A., retired; J.C. Schurman. which was referred to the Committee on the Census. president of Cornell University; Hoke Smith, ex-Secretary of the Interior; William.L.Wilson,ex-Postmaster-General; Benja Mr. PLATT of New York presented a petition of sundry citi min Ide Wheeler, president of the University of California; zens of Lisbon Center, Boise, Cooks Corners, Burke, Brookdale, and William C. Whitner, ex-Secretary of theNa.vy; JamesB. Angell, North Stockholm, a11 in the State of New York, praying for the president UniverSity of Michigan; Marshall Field, Chicago. adoption of an amendment to the Cons?tntion to prohi)l~t polyg amy; which was referred to the Committee on the Jud1c1ary. Mr. LODGE. I move that the petition be referred to the Com mittee on Foreign Relations. He also presented petitions ?f G. N. Stoddard, ~f Wilson; of Mariani & Co., of New York City, and of the Mone Nerve Food The motion was agreed to. Company, of New York 9ity, all in the State of New york, pr8:~ Mr. PENROSE presented a petition of the Maritime Commer ing for the repeal of the mternal-revenuetax on proprietarymed1- cial and Trade Organizations of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for the cines, perfumeries, and cosmetics; which were referred to the enactment of legislation providing for the extension of the United Committee on Finance. States Weather Bureau; which was referred to the Committee on He also -presented petitions of sundry railway mail clerks of Agriculture and Forestry. Ilion, New York City, Amsterdam, Stapleton, Oneida, Wellsville, He also presented a petition of sundry railway-mail clerks of Schenectady, Olean, Norwich, Ithaca, Gloversville, Catskill, Port Chester, Pa., praying for the enactment of legislation providing Chester, Batavia, Waverly, Seneca Falls, Rochester, and Medina, for the classification of clerks in first and second class post-offices; all in the State of New York, praying for the enactment of legis which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post lation for the classification of Clerks in first and second class post Roads. offices; which were referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and He also presented a petition of the Maritime Exchange of Phila Post-Roads. delphia, Pa., praying for the enactment of legislation providing Mr. SEWELL presented a petition of sundry railway mail clerks for uniformity of lights to be displayed by steam pilot vessels, of Bridgeton, N. J., praying for the enactment of legislation provid etc.; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. · irtg for the classification of clerks in first and second class post Mr. NELSON presented a petition of the Minnesota State Phar offices; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and maceutical Assocfation, praying for a reduction of the revenue Post-Roads. tax on proprietary medicines, perfumeries, and cosmetics; which Mr. LODGE. I have here a petition urging favorable considera was referred to the Committee on Finance. tion of the treaty of The Hague. It is a very brief petition with a Mr. McLAURIN. I present a petition of the Chamber of Com no; very large number of signers, but the names are unusual-all merce of Charleston, S. C., praying for the enactment of legisla men of gTeat distinction. The petition covers only one short tion providing for the construction of a competing cable between 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. r 735 the United States of America and Cuba. I ask that the petition New York Indian soldiers who served in the war of 1812; which may be read. was read twice by its title, and referred t6 the Committee on In The petition was read, as follows: dian Affairs. bill (S. 2299) M. CHARLESTON CHAMBER OF COMlIERCE, CHARLESTOY, S. C. He also introduced a for the relief of Mary The following preamble and resolutions were adopted by the Charleston Kennedy and others; which was read twice by its title, and re Chamber of Commerce at. their meeting held on December 12, 1899: ferred t.o the Committee on Indian Affairs. Whereas the Commerclll.l Cable Company of Cuba has petitioned the Con Mr. PENROSE introduced the following bills; which were sev gress of the United States to pass the necessary_legislation to authorize the erally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on com~truction of a competing cable between the United States of Americaand Cuba: ltis Military Affairs: R esolved, That the Charleston Chamber of Commerce hereby expresses A bill (S. 2300) for the relief of First Lieut. Benjamin J. its approval of the proposed establishment of a. competing line of cable be tween th1s country and Cuba for the purpose of increasing the facilities of Edger, jr.; quick communication between the two countries. A bill (S. 2301) to correct the military record of James Dun1ap; !J'mi:her resolved, That the Senators and Representatives in Congress from and this State be respectfully requested to nse their best efforts to secure the A bill (S. 2302) to correct the military record of Daniel H. passage of the necessary legislation to carry these resolutions into effect. Further resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded by the sec Snyder. retary to each of the Senators and to each member of the House of Repre· Mr. PENROSE introduced the following bills; which were sev sentatives from the State of South Carolina. erally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on The PRESIDENT pro tempore. To what committee does the Pensions: Senator from South Carolina desire to have the petition referred? A bill (S. 2303) granting an increase of pension to Anna B. Mc Mr. McLAURIN. I think perhaps it should go tothe Commit Curley (with an accompanying paper); tee on Naval Affairs. But there is now a Committee on Relations A bill (S. 2304) granting a·pension to Elias Demus· with Cuba. A bµJ. (S. 2305) granti?g a pe~sion to Eliza D. Penn-YPacker; and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. What committee does the . A bill (S. 2306) granting an mcreaseof pension to John I. Flem· Senator suggest? mg. Mr. McLA.URIN. The Committee on Relations with Cuba. Mi:· WE~INGTON introduced. a bill (S. 2307) to reimburse 'fhe PRESIDENT pro tempore. The petition will be so re an~ mdemnify the ~wn o~ F~edenck, in the State of Maryland; ferred. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee Mr. WELLINGTON presented a petition of sundry citizens of on Claims. Baltimore, Md., praying for the adoption of an amendment to the Mr. ~ATE intr_od~ced the following bills; which were severally Constitution to prohibit polygamy; which was referred to the read t~1ce by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Claims: Committee on the Judiciary. A bill (S. 2308) for the relief of Franklin Lodge, No. 4, Inde· He also presented a petition of the Emerson Drug Company of pendent (/rder of Odd Fellows, of Franklin, Tenn. (with an ac Baltimore, Md., and of the Winklemann & Brown Drug C~m companymg paper); pany, of Baltimore, Md., praying for the repeal of the revenue tax A. bill (S. 2309) for the relief of Hiram Johnson and others· and on proprietary medicines, perfumeries, and cosmetics; which was A bill (S. 2310) for the relief of the heirs of L. H. Mosely de- referred to the Committee on Finance. ceased (with an accompanying paper). ' MCLAURIN (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2311) forthe l\fr. McMILL~ p~esented ~petition of sundry railway mail ¥1'· relief of Mrs. Ella M. Shell; which was read twice by its title and c~erks of ~~y City, Mich., p~aym~ for the enactment of legisla tion providmg for the classification of clerks in first and second referred to the Committee on Claims. ' class post-offices; which was referred to the Committee on Post He also introduced a bill (S. 2312) for the relief of Agnes and Offices and Post-Roads. Maria. De Leon; which was read twice by its title, and referred to Mr. PLATT of Connecticut presented the petition of Edmund the Committee on Claims. Mr. TURLEY. I introduce a bill for tlie relief of a German C. Ingalls an~ sundry other citizens of Colchester, Conn., praying for the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution to prohibit ci.tizen who 'Ya~ injured while in the service of the United States. polygamy; which wasreferred to the Committee on theJudiciary. I mtroduced 1t m the last Congress, and on examining the prece l\fr. ALLEN presented a paper to accompany the bill (S. 2052) dents I found that it was proper to refer it to the Committea on granting a pension to Mary Stotsenburg; which was referred to Foreign_Relations. That co~ittee reported it favorably at the the Committee on Pensions. last sess1.on, and I ask to have it referred to that committee now. The bill (S. 2313) for the relief of Christian Arndt was read LAND SYSTEM OF HAWAIIA.N ISLANDS, twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Foreirn Re- lations. !"'\ Mr. MORGAN. I wish to ask for the printing of a document prepared by the land agent of Hawaii, J. F. Brown, under the . _Mr. TURNER introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 58) anthor supervision of the officials of the government of Hawaii, which lZlilg the Secretary of the Navy to have a monument erected in explains fully but still briefly the complicated land system of those the l!nited St~~es Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. , tothememory islands. I ask that it be printed and lie over, inasmuch as the bill of ~ieut. Philip V. Lansdale and Ensign John R. Monaghan, to which it relates is probably to be taken up very soon, and the Umted States Navy, and the men who lost their lives in battle in committee, I think, have had great difficultyin understanding this Samoa in April, 1899; which was read twice by its title and re- question. ferred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. ' The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the request THE CAUSES THAT PRODUCE TRUSTS-THE REMEDY, of the Senator from Alabama? The Chair hears none, and it is so Mr. BUTLER introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 59) declaring ordered. the d~ty, power, and purpose of Congress to destroy trusts by BILLS INTRODUCED, removmg the causes that produce them, to restore competition Mr. BAKER introduced the following bills; which were sever and. open the do~r of op~ortunity to individua~ and independent ally read twice by their titles, and referred t-0 the Committee on busmess enterprises; which was read the first time by its title. Pensions: Mr. ~l!'fLER . ~et the joint resolution be read at length. A bill (S. 22-85) granting an increase of pension to Charles Ross· The JOmt resolution was read the second time at length, as A. bill (S. 2286) granting an increase of pension to John w: follows: Craig; Whereas the only logical and effective way to destroy trnsts is to remove the causes that logically and inevitably produce them; and A bill (S. 2287) granting an increase of pension to Charles B. Whereas those who control t.he instruments of commerce have it in their Haas (with accompanying papers); power to control commerce, to build up one section and tear down another A bill (S. 2288) granting an increase of pension to Samuel Hy- to build up one city oi: J?rivate business enterprise at th~ expense or another: to. destroy all competition and put any and every busmess into a trust at mer (with an accompanying paper); will; and A bill (S. 2289) granting a pension to Thomas Corcoran· Whereas the Constitution of the United States confers upon Congress the A bill (S. 2290) granting a pension to James Richardson'· power, and makes it its duty, to regulate commerce between the States; and A bill (S. 2291) granting a pension to Cora I. Dexter; ' Whereas Con.,
Resolved by the Senate. and House of Representatives of the United States of But however that may be, the· reforms set forth in the resolu .Ame1'ica in Congtess assembled That the three great mstruments of com merce-money, the means of exchange; the national highways, the means of tion are demanded by existing conditions, and, besides, the Consti tmnsportation: the post-offices, the telegraph, and the telephone, the mea~s tution demands that Congress take such action. of the t-ransmission of intelligence-are, and of right ought to be, public Suffice it to say now that there is not a case in all history where functions. . 2. That to this end the national ban.king system ""1Yh1ch d_ele&'ates to a few trusts were formed except where the Government had surrendered private corporations the great governm~ntal fun?tion of IS;SUmg cui:rency these instruments of commerce to private hands. and regulating its volume as selfish whiJl?.s oi; private avarice may ~cta~e, Mr. President, at a future time I desire to address the Senate at should 0e abolished and the sole power of ISSumg money and regulatmg Its volume should be restored to the representatives of the people in Congress some length on this resolution. I ask that it be printed and lie on assembled, where it constitutionally belongs .. That every dollar of money the table subject to call. issued by the Government, w~ether of gold, silv:er, or paper,_should be a full The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from North Caro legal tender. equal in purcha.smg and debt-p~ying po.war .with every other lina asks that the joint resolution introduced by him lie on the dollar and that its volume should be from trme to trme mcreased to keep pace with the demand of increasing population and business, to _th~ end that table subject to call. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, prices may remain stable and that debts contracted may be paid ma dollar and it is so ordered. representing the same amount of labor and product as the dollar of the con- tract. _ DEPARTl\lENT OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 3. That the power to build up one city or section and destroy another, the Mr. NELSON submitted an amendment intended to be prO-: power to build up one bu~iness ~nterpnse and ra~k Par~ons, ~f the Bo to.n .i:,aw out the entire a.rmy of combines and monopolies, root and branch. School and the College of Social 8cience, entitled. 'J?ubhc Ownership, be printed as a document and referred to the Commit~e on Inter tate Com· Mr. President, the resolution that I have offered furnishes that merce, to accompany Senate bill No. 1770, entitled ''.A bill to pro~ide for the test. It specifically point& to the causes that produce trusts. acquisition, purchase, construction, aud condemnation by the Umted States of America of railroads lying in the Territories of the United State the re Those who oppose it must either show that I am wrong and show spective States, and tho Distrjct of Columbia engaged in interstate com· other causes as the true ones, or they must confess that while merce in carrying the mails, and to provide for the operation of said roads '·they have joined in the hue and cry 'against trusts" because by the United States, and amending the act of Congress of February 4, 1&<7, they want to curry popular sentiment," that they are at heart for entitled 'An act to regulate interstate commerce,' and for other purposes." the trusts and aJ!ainst independent industrial enterprises. MEMORIAL ADDRESSES ON THE LATE VICE-PRESIDENT HOBART. If anyone wi11 show that th~ causes that I have set forth are not Mr. SEWELL. Mr. President, I call up the resolutions which the real causes that produce trusts and will specifically set forth I gave notice I would call up to-day, on the death of the late Vice- other causes, then I will join him in removing those causes. President of the United States. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENArrE. 737
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Sen His public duties were marked by zeal and devotion to the in· ate resolutions which will be read. terests of the people, and some of the most salutary and effective The Secretary read the resolutions submitted by Mr. SEWELL measures upon the statute books of New Jersey were the result December 4, 1899, as follows: · of his efforts. He sought in his legislative career to cbick illegal Re.solved, That the Senate has received with the deepest regret informa expenditures and to reduce local and State taxation; to encourage tion of the death of GARRET AUGUSTUS HOBART, late Vice-President of the manufactures and promote those enterprises which now place United States. New Jersey in the front rank of States. Educational and pbilan· Re.solved, That the business of the Senate be suspended in order that the distinguished public services of the deceased and the virtues of his private tbropic institutions received his special assistance, and he was one character may be fittingly commemorated. of the leading supporters of the general railroad law of bis State, Re.solved, That the Secretary of the Senate be instructed to communicate which is one of the most effective of its character. The general these resolutions to the Honse of Representatives. welfare, rather than the conserving of private interests, engaged The resolutions were considered by unanimous consent, and his time and attention. agreed to. His shrewdness, sagacity, and promptness soon won him an en· viab~e reputation that was not confined to the limits of his city, Mr. SEWELL. l\Ir. President, there are occasions in the life of while the value of his counsel was defined by the complicated men and of nations when we turn from the turmoil of civil du matters intrusted to his care, difficult and arduous duties were ties to behold the work of the reaper, Death; there are times of so satisfactorily performed by him as to gain the thanks of the solemnity and bereavement, when language can not portray the public, and so popular had he become that public honors were emotions of the soul; there are periods when sadness, like a tidal thrust upon him. wave, sweeps over a people with resistless force; there are expe He was a lifelong Republican, and his political views were the riences which beget bitter though unavailing tears and vain fruit of sound judgment, experience, and conscientious thought. regret that, like the breath of winter, is.fraught with desolation. The performance of his duties as President of the Senate has Who can glory in his strength, or stretch forth his hand and ever evoked the favorable criticism of the members of this body, stay the Angel of Death? Who can defy the dread summons to join and the justice and fairness of his rulings have elicit€d their the innumerable b,ost, whose way lies through the portals of the warmest commendation. Neither the partiality of friendship nor tomb? Who can tell the day or the hour when his earthly estate the interest of individuals has warped his judgment or tinctured shall be closed and an account rendered of the deeds done in the his decisions. His manner of going and coming amongst us was body? marked by kindliness and consideration. No word of censure, no The uncertainty of human life looms up ever before us and carping criticism, no ungenerous reflection escaped his lips, but seems to make all human achievements futile and worthless. but his constant desire to help and assist in every proper way was this is only apparently so. Men pass away, but their works always manifest. endure. The body may be laid in the grave, but the rich legacy The character of l\:Ir. HoBARTwas as the open day-neither dark of lessons and influences of the life of a good, brave, honorable ness nor shadow rested upon it. Like a beautiful landscape, its man remain to us and to our cl\ildren. The subtle, powerful, va,ried features were plainly seen-there was nothing hidden that though silent, influences of such a life bear perennial harvests should be revealed; there was nothing concealed that should be which death can not destroy. known. Roclnibbed by integrity and probity, his conduct was ever Our beloved Vice-President has been taken from us, and the just and honorable. The dignity of his manhood spurned all that nation mourns bis loss. The patriotic citizen, the able states was mean and worthless, and his virtues lent a charm of manner man, the wise counselor, the honorable man, the devoted father and social attractiveness that gave him preeminence. has passed away, and the wail of the people will not return to us The page of his life was clearly written and without blot or the departed. The consolation of religion, the teuh1ng of faith, stain, though tinged by sadness for the loss of a dear child from our inborn conviction of immortality, may assuage our grief and his :fireside. His record ia unchallenged. The breath of sus temper om· sorrow, but this is a wound which can not be healed. picion or the shafts of obloquy could not reach it; the rancor of We have appointed this day, Mr. President, to pay our high offi aspersion could not touch it. cial and personal tribute of respect to the memory of our late as Malignity and vindictiveness found there no ·entrance, but sociate and honored dead and to publish to the world hjs sterling rather his life was rounded out by kindness and lo"\"e for all men. integrity and worth. Let us calmly review his life, services, and His loyalty to truth, his fealty to duty, his unswerving devotion character, in which we may find much that will profit us. to the interests of his constituents have carved for him in the GARRET AUGUSTUS HOBART was born in 1844, at Long Branch, hearts of men an enduring tablet. His acts of mercy and phi N. J. It has been well said that the blood which flowed in his lanthrophy, though many, were unproclaimed-like the gentle dew veins was from good English stock and was mingled with the of heaven. they nourished the sterile soil of human poverty and martyr blood of Dutch and Huguenot ancestors and that the spirit lifted up the downcast and fallen. He recognized the fact that of :fitlelity and courage was his by inheritance. The happy do human justice and benevolence have not as yet eliminated charity mestic environment in which he lived, enriched by keen intellectu from the social fabric. The enmity evolved by the heat of ality and literary culture, had much to do with the formation of partisanship and political strife passed by him as an idle wind. his character. Sensitive to reproach and injury, his sympathy reached out t-0 He received the benefits of a common-school education, finally those who were maligned and forbade the entrance of resentment. graduating from Rutgers College, New Brunswick, in 1863. He The even tenor of his way was illumined by a radiance born of then became a school-teacher for a brief period, when he com noble aspirations and high endeavor. menc~d the study of the law, in which profession he attained con Fate links such souls as these to greatness, that man, even in his low estate.. siderable eminence. Though his means were meager in the early may see the stamp of Heaven. years of his life journey, his natural endowments were such that My personal relations with Mr. HOBART covered a long period of wealth and success rewarded his toil. years, extending from his early manhood. It seems tome now as His first public office was that of city counsel of Paterson in a golden chain, each link of which constitutes a pleasant service 1871, and in the following year he was made counsel of the board performed or some valuable assistance rendered. His solicitude of freeholders of his county. He was elected a member of the for the welfare of his friends caused him manypersonal sacrifices. house of assembly of New Jersey in 1872, reelected in 1873, and His heart, his brain, his purse, were welcome to all that needed attained by his ability and popularity the office of speaker of that them-" his pity gave, ere charity began." body in 1874. He was elected a State senator in 1876, and re His generous hospitality and good cheer flowed in a continuous elected in 1879. During his six years' service in the State senate stream that found its source in the benevolence of his heart. The he was twice chosen its president. In 1883 he was the nominee of happiness of others was dearer to him than his own, and the cardi his party for the United States Senate. In 1884 he became a nal principles of his creed were sympathy and kindness. He loved member of the national Republican committee, and served as to do good, and sought opportunities to accomplish it. His word such until his decease. He was nominated at the national Repub was bis bond, and those who knew him best asked no other secur lican convention in 1896 for the Vice-Presidency, and trium ity. His course in life indicated obedience to duty and resigna· phantly elected, and was sworn into office at Washington, March tion; duty, nobly performed, toward his neighbor and to himself 4, 1897. He enjoyed the high distinction of his office but a brief resignation to whatever might betide, cheerfully and willingly period of years, his death occurring the 21st of November last. displayed. Mr. HOBART was removed from his earthly career at an age Amid the common current of men and affairs, in the daily when the magnificent status of hjs manhood was reaching its routine of personal and civic functions, in the exercise of refined prime; when the grand elements of his character were ripening and extended social relations, and in the nearer and dearer ties of to their full development; when his great usefulness to the nation home the voice of duty prevailed. In sorrow, in disappointment, was becoming more and more apparent; at an age when his life, in the struggle with disease and battle for his life, though sus chastened by sorrow, hallowed by resignation, and tempered by tained by an unflinching energy, resignation pointed the way. experience, had been attuned to that key whose sweetness and Though we indulge the brilliant flow of rhetoric, impassioned by ·force. reverberated through the hearts and lives of all with whom the glow of memory; though we strike the minor chord of elo he came in contact. quence, touched by the poignancy of grief; though we utter a lofty
XXXIII-47 738 OONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JANUARY 10, strain of thought, inspired by personal association, yet to me cious ways that attract and cement friendship. That he was a. these two words, duty and resignation, seem the leading expo· patriot none will question. And that he was a pronounced party nents of his nature. man, or, if you please, a partisan, can not detract from his merit Ah, Mr. President, we need no inspiration to show that so noble as man or statesman in the esteem of honorable and candid men. a soul can not taste of annihilation; we need no divine revelation In our strenuous American life, boiling over with the vast ac to prove that such a spirit can not pass to the realms of oblivion tivities, the keen competitions, and the boundless aspirations that and nothingness; we need no testimony from the dead that immor free government stimulates in a land of opportunity, with new tality is the reward of such a life. Could we harbor the thought problems continually springing up for solution, and startling that the reverse were not true, it would wring the very fiber of changes bursting unannounced upon the scene, we must of neces our nature and proclaim its falsity. Mr. HOB.ART has passed to sity dwell in perpetual conflicts of opinion. the better and higher life that lies beyond the confines of mortal But these conflicts are swiftly followed by settlements at the ity-a life the span of which, unmeasured by the :flight of years, polls and the evolution of new conflicts again and again and ever is filled with immortal significance and joy. more again in endless succession, each one being but an introduc The lessons of his life, whose pleasant remembrances rob eyen tory skirmish to a broader field and a heavier battle. death of its sadness, let us treasure, and may they prove a stimu ·Of such conditions the partisan is alike the canse, the product lating influence in the conduct of our own. and the essential solvent. Instead of denouncing the differences of opinion which make him;we should ever recall that these dif Mr. DANIEL. Mr. President, this body is a miniature of our ferences are evoked, stimulated, and resolved by the free govern country. In it is represented both the equality of the States and ment which lives, moves, and bas its being in them, and that its the unity of the nation. Large and small States, rich and poor prime office is to tolerate, protect, and foster them. In this i·espect States, populous and thinly settled States, all alike have two such government is in unison with the eternal order of God's provi Senators, and each Senator has one vote. But when we look dence, which through difference and opposition brings forth what toward the Chair we behold another ideal of the Constitution is truest and best and makes them theresultantforce in consonance incarnate. The Vice-President of the United States, chosen by with the ruling principle of the universal thought. all the electors of all the States, is President of the Senate. By The clashing swords of warriors, the opposing stones of the him is represented here, as by the Federal President is represented millers, the upper and lower teeth of animals, the negative and in the nation, the supremacy and authority of the United States. positive poles of electricity, the centripetal and centrifugal ten And as each of the States appears hern as an equal block in the dencies of gravitation, the opposing arguments and votes of arch of our federative system, so our President would seem to us debaters, all these are but diversities of the powers which pervade the keystone binding together in power and grace the tall columns the physical, moral, ~nd intellectual being, and to rebuke or sup· of indestructible States which in his office are visibly linked in press difference of opinion is a certain species of infidelity to, and indissoluble union. revolt against, the decrees of the Creator. From the foundation of our Government the people have called Despotism is sad and hateful, because it freezes the inner im to this great office men of character and attainment. Rarely indeed pulses and paralyzes the movements of the vast and complex has any mistake been made in the selection, and from Adams and mechanism of providential development; and freedom is joyful Jefferson to Stevenson and HOBART we may scan with general and loveable, because it looses to their fitting work all the divine satisfaction the illustrious roll. Yet I venture to say that the forces implanted in the heart of man andin tha heart of nature. office was never filled by one who met all of its responsibilities Yet differences must unite, oppositions must eventuate, debate with more equal and uniform sufficiency or discharged its duties must cease, results must be obtained; and freedom, when it has with more acceptability to all concerned than did OU!' beloved been exercised, but f ulfilJs and verifies itself in bowing to and and lamented friend GARRET A. HOBART, who has now passed obeying the overweening thought of the majority. forever hence where no storm shall roll or billows beat across his This thought is freedom's crown. It inheres in the great office peaceful breast. which our departed friend was chosen to fill, and which he ex Few of us knew him, and few indeed had ever seen him before alted by the manner in which he filled it. hs appeared on Inauguration Day, the 4th of March, 1897, to take The very gravest questions of world-wide interest passed to the oath of office. But his genial, manly countenance, beaming their solution beneath his gavel. War and peace were alike pro with health, intelligence, and good nature, and the unaffected claimed within the brief period of his career as Vice-President. dignity of the refined and accomplished gentleman which charac But, more than this, every \estige of legislation was wiped away terized his bearing were a pleasing introduction before personal from our statute books that marked the bygone asperity of inter presentations were made, and as soon as he assumed his duties it necine conflict. · was evident that the gavel was in a master's hand. In all the momentous scenes of which he was an important part Nothing that happened in this Hall escaped the eye of his alert his influence for good was felt and was profoundly and heartily attention. No "occasion sudden" ever overmastered the i·e appreciated. Nothing harsh, fierce, or sardonic, nothing narrow, sources of his ready information or rufiled his even, well-trained bigoted, or intolerant, was in his composition or shadows his his mind. He conducted business with composure, facility, accu tory. It is a. blessing to all the land that such a man has filled racy, and expedition. His inborn courtesy and fairness stopped such a place. And having filled it well, and filled well the meas the approaches and suppressed the temptation to unseemly ure of his days; he sleeps well now in the noble Commonwealth of wrangle, while his clear and sympathetic perception and his his nativity, which gave him to the Union, and to which the Union, prompt action attested the virtues and bore the fruits of the de made more perfect and fraternal by his life, hath now returned cisive charact.er. his honored dust. This combination of excellent qualities made our late President It was my sad privilege, with my colleagues, to follow his bier. the model presiding officer of a deliberative assembly. And the No gilded pomp or ostentations show blighted the simplicity of fact speaks more than words could utter that throughout his the last scene; but the multitudes ge.thered from far and wide in service of well-nigh three years, with oft-repeated trials of his mighty concnnrse. the great officers of the nation and of the State equanimity, his patience, and his skill, not a single incident oc alike mingled with them in their unaffected sorrow, and with the curred that mars the memories in which his good name and fame beautiful service of the church to which he belonged he was laid are enshrined. · to bis earthly rest. But such a body as this, diverse in its antecedents, histories, Who could have witnessed that impressive scene, where wealtfi environments, and opinions, and representing such diverse and and power and art and skill and all loving kindness despaired oft conflicting interests, needs in its presiding officer more than that they could do no more, without being penetrated with the the expert and tactful parliamentarian. Where the technique of littleness of human life; without seeing again its realistic em the book and the drill and the school find their terminus, wisdom blem in the grass which springeth np in the morning and in the in the practical and involved affairs of men often finds its largest evening is cut down and withereth? Yet there crept into the and most fertile tield of tillage. That exalted station filled by thought, as ever when it pauses puzzled, baffled, cast down, and union-idealizing union-and designed in its institution to con set at naught in its finite reachings forth to grasp the infinite duce to the sentiment, the justice, and the harmony of union, can mystery, and even as a soft, inarticulate whisper from the Ever not be roundly filled save by one of broad and generous social lasting Throne might steal upon the ear, the ideal and aspiration instinct, imbued with the spirituality of the friend, the patriot, of immortality. · and the statesman. "Great empires and small minds," said That poor, shrunken form, hidden away beneath the flowers of Edmund Burke, "go ill together," and in such a place the ill fit the earth did not seem to us to be him that we bad known. N/l>r would be no less than a national calamity. waa it. Where the flash of intellect? Where the steadfast pur I do not believe there was any member of this body who did not pose graved upon the face? Where the smile of genuine, sweet regard the late Vice-President as a friend, for he was a friendly nature? Dead, do we say? But we say not that of the electricity man, a. social man, a neighbor-like man, given, as we have been which has flashed its message through a wire and left the wire told, to the large charities which his success made possible, but stolid and cold and dead and dumb. Neither can we say it of the given, as we know, to the small, sweet courtesies of life, which soul, which has so left the body which it quickened. are perennial charities, given to hospitality, and to all those gra- That body is given back to its place-the dust from which it 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 739 sprung-and there not to cease to be, but only to change its form of business, who keenly understood and laboriously lived np to a and resolve into. its elements. Whence goeth the soul that has high id-ea.I of citizenship. His party found him at the: caucus and left the body? In the dim centuries long bygone-before He spoke at the polls. He had time for conventions and public meetings. as never man spoke-the Greek answered, far he had pondered as He couid promo.ta. the best interests of his State by service in its we ponder yet, and even as the dead and forgotten generations legislature, or remain in retirement while working diligently for pondered before him, and as the unborn generations will ponder the nomination and election of those best fitted for the offices to afte1· us; and thus he said: . be filled. Charles-James Fox said of Edmund Burke that "he That which has grown from the earth to the·earth was right, but right too soon.,, IDs speeches emptied the House But that which has sp1·ung from heavenly seed, oi Commons in his- time, but in Om' day are text-book and manual Baek to the heavenly realms returns. for British statesmen. Statesmen and reformers of this prophetic order sow the seed, bnt they do not govern. Wendell Phillips, Mr. DEPEW. Mr. President, in mid-ocean, on one of the great Lloyd Garrison~ Lovejoy, and John Brown created conditions steamships, some years ago, a gentleman extended his han With the growth of the country, the strength of parties and "In case of the removal of the President of the United States their internal dissensions, the Vice-Presidency was thrown to the from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge friends of disappointed candidates and at disaffected States to the powers and duties of tho said office, the same shall devolve on select the nominee and be appeased. Fillmore and Arthur dis the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the carded the friends of the dead President, and Tyler and Johnson case of removal, death, resignation, or inability both of the Pre i reversed their politics and policies. The power in control at the dent and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as White House and in Congress sought to minimize the Vice President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis President and make him obscure and inoccnous. Happily for ability be removed or a President shall be elected." Mr. HOBART there was no conflict over candidates in the conven "The President, Vice-Presiclent, and all civil officers of the tion which nominated William McKinley. The partisans of de United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for, fined policies had selected him as their best exponent in advance. and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes aud mis There were no disappointed and vengeful interests to be recon demeanors." ciled. The choice settled upon HOBART as the most fit and avail No authority is given to fill any vacancy in the office of Vice able running mate for the Ohio statesman. President in any case. When the office becomes vacant from any Coming thus into this high office, his talent of common sense cause, it so remains until another Vice-President is elected. As and his charm of personality made him, from the beginning, the President of the Senate the Vice-President presides over its delib friend and chosen counselor of the President. He lifted the office erations and transactions of business accoi'Cling to the rules and out of the rut of conventionality and possibility to a position of regulations made by the Senate and sees to their enforcement. dignity, usefulness, and trust. He won the warm affection of his It is at times a trying and delicate position. In the one hundred party associates and the esteem and respect of his party antago and eleven years of our constitutional existence, on March4, 1900, nists. He had the faculty of the wisely busy man of always hav as a nation, there have been 28 Vice-Presidential terms, fi1led by ing p~enty of time, and that he shared with his friends in that 24 different persons. Four Vice-Presidents-John Adams George hearty and healthy companionship which has made his name a Clinton, Daniel D. Tompkins, and John C. Calhoun-were each hospitable memory at the Capitol. Though he died in his prime, elected for two terms, and Clinton and Calhoun each with two with apparently years of usefulness before him, yet his was a full different Presidents. and rich life and a nobly rounded career. It is fitting that such One Vice-President-Richard M. Johnson-failed of election by a man should fall in battle with his armor on. The conspicuous the Electoral College for the term 1837-1841 and was chosen by ness of his departure gives luster to his example. Statesman, citi the Senate. zen, husband, father, friend, the sum of his worth among us is One Vice-President-John C. Calhoun-resigned on December that he performed with faithfulness and fidelity, with conscientious 28, 1832. care and magnetic ardor, all the duties of public and private life. Three Vice-Presidents-John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and Martin Van Buren-became Presidents of the United States to Mr. COCKRELL. Mr. President, I avail myself of the oppor succeed the Presidents with whom they were respectively elected tunity to-day to join in paying the last public tribute of respect, as Vice-Presidents. friendship, and affection to the memory of our late Vice-Presi Four Vice-Presidents became Presidents by the death of the dent, GARRET A. HOBART. Presidents-John Tyler~ by death of President Harrison, April 4, His busy, industrious, honorable, and successful life ran well 1841; Millard Fillmore, by the death of President Taylor, July 9, be held up as an exemplar to encourage, strengthen, and inspire 1850: Andrew Johnson, by the death of President Lincoln, April the young of our great country. 15, 1865, and Chester A. Arthur, by the death of President Gar A native of New Jersey, of English and Dutch parentage, born field, September 19, 1881. June 3, 1844, he graduated from Rutgers College in 1863, at the Twelve of our twenty-four Vice-Presidents were members of the age of 19; then taught school and began the study of law; ad Senate before or after they were Vice-Presidents. Of these twelve, mitted to the bar in 1869; city counsel of Paterson in 1871; in the eight, Aaron Burr, :Martin Van Buren, Richard M. Johnson, John State legislature in 1873; reelected and made speaker in 1876; in Tyler, George M. Dallas, William R. King, Henry Wilson, and the State .senate in 1879, and in 1881 elected president of that body; Thomas A. Hendricks, were United States Senators before they reelected in 1882; a delegate at large to the Republican national were Vice-Presidents; one, John C. Calhoun, resigned the Vice conventions in 1876 and 1880; elected a member of the national Presidency to become United States Senator; one, John C. Breck committee in 1884, serving continuously until 1896, when nomi inridge, was Senator after his term as Vice-President; one, Han nated for Vice-President; elected and became Vice-President of nibal Hamlin, resigned as Senator to become Vice-President and the United States and President of the Senate on March 4, 1897, a was afterwards Senator, and one, Andrew Johnson, was Senator comparative stranger personally to many members of this body. before and after his Vice-Presidency and Presidency. The office of Vice-President of the United States, under our Con Six Vice-Presidents have died in office: George Clinton on April stitution, is a peculiar one. In the proceedings of the convention 20, 1812, Elbridge Gerry on November 23, 1814, William R. King that framed our Constitution the office of Vice-President first ap on April 18, 1853 Henry Wilson on November 22, 1875, Thomas pears in section 3 of the partial report of the committee of eleven, ...~Hendricks on November 25, 1885, and GARRET A. HOB.A.RT on submitted September 4, 1787, which provided that "the Vice November 21, 1899. Two died in April and four in November. President shall be ex-officio President of the Senate." One out of every four of our Vice-Presidents has died in office. In its discussion Mr. Gerry said: This is a remarkably great mortality. Only two Vice-Presidents, We might as well'put the President himself at the head of the Legislature. Levi P. Morton and Adlai E. Stevenson, are surviving. To this Gouverneur Morris replied: During my service in the Senate we have had seven Vice The Vice-President, then, will be the first heir apparent that ever loved Presidents, with only the two survivors. hisfathE>r. Vice-President HOB.ART was one of the twelve Vice-Presidents By our Constitution-"All legislative powers herein granted who had never been a member of the Senate. He soon made him shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall self familiar with the rules and methods of business of the Senate consist of a Senate and House of Representatives." and proved himself to be a good parliamentarian. He was quick in "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one disposing of the business on his desk and in facilitating the pro Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may cedure of business before the Senate. from time to time ordain and establish." He was a man of decided abilities and varied and liberal attain "The executive power shall be vested in a Presi&mt of the ments, with great firmness and decision. In discharging his du United States of America. He shall hold his office during the ties he was eminently fair, impartial, able, and prompt, and by term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen his genial temperament and charming personality was a most ac for the same term." ceptable and popular President of the Senate. The constitutional qualifications for President and Vice-Presi It is no disparagement to the twenty-three distinguished Vice dent are the same-a natural-born citizen" who shall have at Presidents and Presidents of the Senate who preceded him to say tained to the age of 35 years and been fourteen years a resident of that be had few superiors as President of the Senate. the United States." Personally he was the true gentleman-hopeful, pleasant, gen In the election of a Vice-President, "if"no person have a major erous, and kind. ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate We shall miss him in this Chamber, but while life remains we shall choose the Vice-President. A quorum for the purpose shall shaU cherish the kindliest remembrance of GARRET A. HOBART, consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a major- our late President of the Senate and friend. ity of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice." . The only express authority given to the Vice-President is in these Mr. CULLOM. Mr. President, it is "Qut natural that we should words: "The Vice-President of the United States shall be Presi place our offering of affection upon the grave of our dear associate dent of the Senate, but he shall have no vote, unless they be equally and friend who so recently presided over this body. It is fit that divided." we shall pay tribute to the kindly and great qualities of the late · "In the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise Vice-President in this public manner. the office of President of the United States," the Senate chooses a We as Senators of the United States, comprising all shades of President pro tern pore. public opinion, coming from all sections of our common country, 1900. ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 741 ---- .. are animated by a common desire to do honor to the memory of examples of faithful, conscientious men, who strive to do right as this man whom we had learned to love, and to place upon the per- God gives them to see the right. And a recital of the n4lble petual record of the Senate our tribute to bis illustrious memory. deeds and manly virtues of great men who pass away benefits the I feel that I but express the sentiment of every member of this nation. The Vice-President loved justice. His sense of fairness body when I say that the few years of my acquaintance with made him the friend of the people and the people his friend. His GARRET A. HOBART have added to my love for the human race, love for fair dealing and common honesty was a natural senti and have stimulated every fiber of my being to a higher concep- ment and without doubt was the controlling reason which caused tion of the worth and value of a man of character. The entrance hjs influence to be sought by men of affairs and his methods to be of the Vice-President into the fellowship of this body and his followed high in the councils of the State and nation. That pe association with us in the administration of affairs have seemed culiar quality of clear-sightednessin important matters seemed to tli me to be of great benefit to every Senator. clothe him with wisdom in his official station and directed him Vice-President HOBART was an active man of the business world' with unerring certainty. His utterances as the presiding officer in which he lived. His integrity and good judgment were the of theSenatewereclear,correct, andneverconfused. His method bases of a reputation for ability, honor, and justice, which the en- of accurate statement impressed his associates with the force and tire people recognized. No one distrusted his sincerity. All who strength of his opinions. knew him instinctively relied upon his judgment. His life was I have said that in his death the Senate suffered a great loss. stainless, and his whole career, active and successful as it was in The great event which took him from our midst in his strong man every way, contained nothingwhich, dying, he could wish to blot. hood was a dispensation not easily borne by the members of the Nothing received his approval which was not just and right. I Senate. But the life we live imposes burdens upon all of ua. We do not recall a single decision made by him in this body which must assume and bear our responsibilities in order that we may was ever reversed. become worthy of the rewards of our own lives. We must make He make no hasty rulings, nor did he indulge in careless opin- friends with adversity and strike hands with.sorrow that we may ions. Strong in convictions, and with the moral courage to ex- not forget our obligations to humanity. We can not determine press and be governed by them, he was always tolerant of the that all our ways shall be cast in pleasant places, nor can we elect views of others. A keen, unerring judge of men, he was charita- that we shall enjoy a future of peaceful quiet. But whatever ble in his judgment of them. I do not remember ever hearing a betides us, let us bravely bear our responsibilities as be did, and word from his lips or of reading any expression of his which submit, like him, without murmuring, to the burdens which may would wound the heart or feelings of another. He was naturally press upon us. Then may the future bring to us, as it did to him, and always broad minded, and his great heart was full of kind- the acclaim, '' Welr done, good and faithful servant." ness and human sympathy. His loyalty to his friends reached in Mr. President, we miss his genial presence, the ring of his its intensity the point of genuine chivalry. He was an earnest cheerful voice, the warm grasp of his hand. He sleeps the sleep speaker, an excellent and successful lawyer, and it is not strange that knows no awakening, but he will live with us all in our that he was chosen by great interests to arbitrate their differences, memory. '' Many times and oft'' will we find ourselves looking as has been referred to to-day. He was by nature a judge and for a face which we can not see and listening for a voice which we counselor. can not hear. But the grave is not the end. We look beyond to Mr. President, the great mystery of death in all the ages has the great fact of immortality and we cling to the fact that we are challenged the wisdom of men for its solution, and to-day, after immortal; that there is light and life beyond the grave, and, com countless efforts in consideration of the problem, mankind is quite forted l.Jy such reflections, we can say of departed friends: as helpless and unsettled as it was six thousand years ago. Hail and farewell. The approach of death, whether it appears in the silence and quiet of the peaceful home or in the midst of the thunder of bat Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Preside:pt, so much has been said, and not tle, with the attendant struggle of warfare and carnage, always too much, and said so well. concerning the character of the late reaches the same result-ultimate rest, the rest and quiet of the Vice-President of the United States, that I shall conf9rm to the grave. strictest propriety if I limit my remarks to a brief statement of The life of the busy, active public man, who has dealt with the the impressions which that character produced upon me, impres affairs of his time with care and skill and good judgment, finds its sions which will remain so long as I shall have the power to retain close just as simply and certainly as that of the humblest person them. who wrought out his own salvation while on the earth. And yet As he appeared to me, Mr. HOBART was a Dian of very simple this life of ours is but a stage upon the shores of time which leads character. There were no intricacies in his composition; and yet to an eternal future. It is but the portal to a long home awaiting the simple character has many moods and phases, and it wm best us. If the experiences which have accompanied us upon the earth serve my present purpose to consider him in certain several as have brought honor and fame and have given us comfort and peace pects in which that character presented itself. As presiding offi in life, we may have just hope in the coming future. cer of this body his discharge of his functions was marked by Vice-President HOBART, in a degree beyond that of most men of great alertness of perception, a perfectly clear conception of what his time, was active and powerful in his chosen field of labor. He was transpiring, a simple impartiality in decision, and, above all, built up a reputation for simple, honest performance of duty Mr. President, by an administrative ability which expedited the which all of us may well emulate. His passing from life was like business of this body without precipitately hurrying it. This is that of a good man who had performed his duty upon the earth. no small commendation; and he possessed in an eminent degree He was not ashamed to meet his Judge. His was a story to be those qualities which made him an ideal presiding officer. commended, a life to be loved and copied. The world was better Something has been said in the remarks that have preceded for the presence of and the kindly life of GARRET A. HOBART. mine as to his influence as a Vice-President. I do not think, Mr. A few months ago Vice-President HOBART was in the vigor of President-indeed, I do not know from anything I have ever read health. Disease seized upon him. He sickened and died. . Such or heard-that any predecessor of Mr. HOB.ART has ever exercised is the weakness of human life. Health, energy, power yesterday; over public affairs that marked and persistent and beneficial in death to-day. The great spirit of the great man is gone to the fluence that he did. There was something in the large composi!ion God who gave it. In his death the Senate has suffered a great of theman which necessarily impressed itself upon every situation, loss. He was a man of wonderful qualities. Among these were social, business, or political, with which he was brought into con energy, industry, judgment, courage, integrity, and great com tact. .And accordingly we all felt here, irrespective of party, that mon sense. As the presiding officer of this body, no Senator, I our deliberations were being guided by a serene, just, and impar am sure, ever felt for an instant that there was the slightest dis tial intelligence, which we now miss so greatly because it has position on the part of the Vice-President to do or to allow an in gone forever. . . justice. As a member of a great political party Mr. HOBART was a man The fact that the news of his untimely death brought to each of the clearest political convictions. He believed implicitly in member of this body the keen pain of personal bereavement is in the _cardinal and axiomatic principles of that great organization, itself a higher tribute than any Senator can express. which to him were the directing forces toward national pros· His close attachment for the President was as rare as it was perity. He was tolerant of the opinions of others, but firm in tha generous and beautiful. The undisturbed harmony between ihe assertion of his own; and in a time of great national exigency, two was creditable to each, a gratification to our people. Mr. when the honor of this country was at stake, when its dignity HOBART was a whole-hearted patriot. He loved his country, its was imperiled, and when its safety was not altogether assured, institutions, and the flag. He had no false pride. He was a his influence was felt more than it was perceiYed by the -senses model citizen and an equally model official. He was never un was powerfully influential in guiding not only the councils of his mindful of duty and was rarely absent from the chair which by party, but the united councils of this nation in the events which the people he had been called to fill. Indeed, we all know now preceded and which continued throughout the recent war. that this sense of duty kept him at' his post when the dictates of But, Mr. President, it is always best to consider a character like · health enjoined otherwise. .Mr. HOBART, or any character, indeed, as a man, because after aU Mr. President, in these days of trial-for they are days of trial it is as a man that history will consider the best and the bravest to all men charged with official duty it is well to dwell upon the before she gathers up his ashes into her everlasting urn and 742 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 10, impresses upon it herindelible inscription. As I said, he was a man In this respect his office is higher in its importance than that of of great simplicity of personal character. He had been fortunate the President of the United States and is nearer to the people, as in life in all respects. If aught has ever been said against him, I the legislative power, in which the Vice-President may partici never heard of it or saw it in print. He seems to have pursued pate, is higher than the veto power of the President. the even tenor of his way among his neighbors and also in the ·rn his person the people at large have their only direct repre lofty walks of public life unscathed by criticism, unslandered by sentative in the lawmaking power of Congress, and it is a grand adverse report. What his purposes were in the long life which thought that their will, expressed in the vote of the Vice-Presi seemed to lay before him I do not know. Doubtless he had ambi- dent, decides all questions when the Senate is equally divided . . tions. He had a right to have them. He might well, like the dark We have lost that power out of the Senate, and while we can astrologer aspiring for empire, have consulted the stars in their supply, and do supply from our own body, a pTesiding officer who course and said: is worthy of the situation in every possible respect, we can not Is it wrong to make the fancy minister to hope, confer upon the presiding officer the power to cast a vote in case To fill the air with pretty toys of air, of an equal division of the Senate. So that in his death under And clutch fantastic scepters moving toward me? the circumstances the Government is bereaved and the Senate But if he had such ambitions, Mr. President, they were noble has lost an immense force. It may turn out not to be unfortu ambitions. If he sought popularity, it was the popularity which nate. At the same time it is the striking ont of a wheel or a was aspired to by Lord Mansfield-that which follows and not that power in the Government of the United States which we can not which is run after. He was entitled to conceive and cherish the supply, and in that respect I look upon the death of our Vice loftiest ambitions. Life seemed to spread out all beautiful and President as a great public calamity. most extended before him. It passed almost in an hour. It was his honor to participate, as has been remarked here to But inespective of any dreams of ambition or of the future in day, in some of the most eventful facts in the history of the Amer any aspect which he may have entertained, he had assured to him ican Union. It has been many years, Mr. President, if ever, since and he died in the full enjoyment of that which is superior to and any Vice-President from that desk announced the passage of a more precious than the realization of any dream of that kind. In mea.sure of greater importance than that which declared war that heaven on earth known as home, inall of his social relations, against Spain. Out of the passage of that bill has come the eman in the prosperity of his material conditions, in everything which cipation of races, scattered almost around the entire world, from goes to make up a happy and contented life, he hacl entitled him Bourbon rule; from that last remnant of tyranny, which now has self, and had" honor, love, obedience, troops of friencls," without departed forever from this hemisphere, and, I may say, from the having to wait for that old age in which these things are hoped Pacific Ocean. That was a great opportunity to GARRET A. for. HOBA.RT, and I wish he could have lived to realize, as he would But, Mr. President, he has left us. He will not return to us, have realized, the great blessings that will flow to mankind from but we shall go to him. He has penetrated the cloud. He has that grand declaration. gone beyond the curtain. He has solved the great riddle which But it seems that it was not the will of Providence that this mankind for generations and generations has been reading in vain, beautiful character should dwell among us longer. It was our and it only remains to say that the sacred soil of his State, which good fortune that we should have the benefit of his councils and has gathered into its unreturning bosom for generations from his example. If any man within my acquaintance has ever been colonial times, through Revolutionary times, and through all the taken away from happier circumstances than those which sur history of om· Government, the bodies of so many noble men, rounded him I am unconscious of it. He abounded in wealth scholars, patriots, and men of affairs, holds no more sacred form built up by his own hands, so th.at he really lived under his own than that of GARRET A. HOBART. vine and fig tree, planted with his own hands. He was sur rounded by family ties such as few men in the world boast of or Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, the century which has just ever enjoy, ties that were the tenderest and the truest that a clo ed has enfolded in its archives the names of a large number of noble woman can create about the heart of true man. He had magnificent men, but I doubt if in its vast sweep across the area the universal fliendship of this grand Republic, from the greatest of time it has recorded the history of a more perfectly rounded to the least, without distinction of persons and without stint. American character than that of GARRET A. HOBART. That is Upon his magnificent form sat the very beauty of health, power, a very great character, Mr. President. It had its origin centu and the glory of a splendid manhood. There was nothing needed ries ago. It has been improving in its characteristics, its attri- by GARRET HOBART, it seemed to me, to make his life completely . butes, its strength, and its perfectness during all the time sin?e it happy. But he was called, as all men must be called. It has first was known to the world-the character of an American frequently occured to me that it ought to have been painful to citizen. The public requirements of American character have him to separate himself from the good fortunes by which he was been increasing in their intensity from year to year and century surrounded here, but when he was called he answered like a child to century, so that a public man who is brought in contact with called by its mother or father and said, "Here, Lord, am I," and the universal observation of mankind in a great office such as Mr. he passed away from this life without a regret, it seems, except on HOBART held undergoes the close, careful inspection of all classes the part of those who knew him and loved him. of these seventy-five or eighty millions of people, and that obser No smoother, quieter, or more gentle ·death has any man died in vation extends even farther than our own continent and reaches this land, and when we come to understand how and why it was, to other countries. Now, when it can be said of an American as explained by the Senatorfrom New York [Mr. DEPEW] to-day, brought under thig great lens of inspection that he has stood the we find that he lived and acted a Christian life; not professing test in every particular, that he has proved himself worthy of Christianity and failing to observe its inJunctions, but he lived a this lofty citizenship and the confidence of this great people, what Christian life, and ''his works do follow him." So when the sum higher eulogy can the tongue of man pronounce upon him? mons came to this magnificent man he quietly laid down all of Mr. HOBART appeared to me to be as nearly a perfect representa the splendors, all of the attractions, all of the charms of life, tion of the manhood, of the grandeur, of the nobility of this called his family about him and bade them quietly adieu, having American character as any man I have ever read of-certainly as made all preparations for the disposal of his body after death. nearly as any man I have ever seen. In establishing this great Who would not say," Let my last end be like his"? position for himself we find that he had no adventitious aid, It He has left in this Chamber, Mr. President, a very sweet mem has been the work of the development of a noble nature under ory; one not merely honored, but a memory that is beloved by institutions suited to its perfection. So that in his character and his associates here. I have never heard a criticism or ill-natured in his conduct this Government receives honor and praises among remark made about GARRET A. HOBART while he was Vice-Presi men. . dent and in the occupancy of the Presidency of the Senate. It is It has been said here that we miss himfrom the Senate. Wedo wonderful that under his Presidency we could pass through the mi s him, not because his place can not be supplied among the scenes that we have here, wrought up almost to the pitch of exas great Americans who might be put in his position, but unfor peration at times by party conflicts and differences of opinion tunately in our system of government there is no opportunity to about matters of the greatest possible moment-wonderful that supply the loss, and it is a very serious matter, particularly to the in the midst of all our excitements we were all the friends, the Senate of the United States. Twice have I witnessed this occur warm personal friends, of the late Vice-President of tha United rence since I have had a place in this body. The Government of States. the United States, and particularly the Senate, loses one of its I will read a roll of the Vice-Presidents, of whom he was the great balancing and determining powers on the death of the Vice last: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, George Clinton, President. There is no opportunity to substitute him in his power Elbridge Gerry, Daniel D. Tompkins, John C. Calhoun, Martin to give a casting vote on matters of legislation or in confirmations Van Buren, Richard M. Johnson, John Tyler, George M. Da.llas, to office. It sometimes happens-yes, very often happens in cir Millard Fillmore, William R. King, John C. Breckinridge, Han cumatances of political exigency-that the vote of the Vice-Presi nibal Hamlin, Andrew Johnson, Schuyler Colfax, Henry Wilson, dent of the United States is necessary to determine questions in William A. Wheeler, Chester A. Arthur, Thomas A. Hendricks, which the people of the present age and of coming generations are Levi P. Morton, Adlai E. Stevenson, and GARRET A. HOBART. profoundly interested. In that illustrious roll of great statesmen, some of whom have 1900 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN.ATE. 743 impressed themselves upon the world until, we may well ~y, their the bravest when great and worthy exigencies have called upon memory will last for a11 time, there is the last name. which we them for courageous action. It must not be said only of the war honor to-day, who was unpretending in his course of life, who ap riors that- peared not to be an ambitious man, but who carried wisdom and The bravest are the tenderest justice in his bosom and friendship in his heart, love for his race, The loving are the daring. his fellow-man, and for his country. It may be also said of those in civic station that some of the As he loved us, so we love and revere his memory. noblest and most heroic deeds of history have been performed by the quietest and most affectionate of men. Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. President, in paying my tribute of re At all events, he whose career we now eulogize never was called spect and affection to the memory of our late Vice-President, I weak or undecided when strength and decision were needed. He am naturally reminded of his relations and those of Mrs. Hobart had sufficient will power and could strenuously exert himself to the State of New Hampshire. As Merrimack County, during whenever the occasion required. him to do so. Does anyone doubt the closing years of the last century, was the pioneer region"of the that in any possible emergency of life that :we can conceive of in Granite State, where Daniel Webster first saw the light of da.y, which he might have been called to act firmness and strength of with the smoke from no hearthstone rising over the frozen hills be character would have been shown sufficient to stamp him as one tween the rude chimney of his father's home and the settlements of the strongest of men? on the ri'fers of Canada, so during the earlier years of the pres But how gentle was his nature to all around him. His joyous ent century Coos County was the frontier section, close up to the looks, his smiles of humor, his words of greeting, commendation, Canadian border, narrowed almost to a point by the eager pres and advice ma and in our treatment of it we have departed utterly from the wise from public life, as a consolation prize to a deifeated faction, but conception Qf the founders of our Governmeut. The framers of should this happen I can not believe that it will last, and there the Constitution intended that the Vice-President should be, in all will certainly be no excuse for it now, because Mr. HOB.ART dem- respects, in ability, in reputation, in weight of character, and in _onstrated plainly to all men the real greatness and importance -his standing before the people, on a plane of absolute equality of the office and has shown that it ought to be one of the great with the Presiclent. We have but.to turn to the original clause prizes of political life, to be desired by our most ambitious men, of the Constitution, amended so long ago that it is well-nigh for and regarded not only for its intrinsic importance, but as a step gotten, and there find the proof of this statement. ping-stone to higher honors. That a man in two years could do In that clause it was provided that the electors in each State this is the strongest evidence of an unusual force of character should vote for two persons from different States without naming and of abilities of no common order. the office voted for, and that the man receiving the highest vote I have dwelt at length upon this point because it has seemed to in all the electoral colleges should be President and theonereceiv rue that it showed in a: very marked way what manner of man ing the next highest should be Vice-President. In other words, l\Ir. HOBART was. There is, however, much more to be said. I the electors were to vote for two men who were equally fit to be did not have the good fortune to know Mr. HOBART until he came President, and one was to have the first and the other the second to the Vice-Presidency, but during his service here I came to place. This system led to the tie between Jefferson and Burr in know him well and to regard him as a most valued friend, and to 1801, the dangerous intrigue in the House to supplant the former hope that he had given his friendship to me. He had an unusual by the latter. and the consequent amendment of the Constitution capacity for winning affection. No one, I think, could be closely compeUing the eleetors to indicate the office voted for. The associated with him without becoming sincerely attached to him. amendment was undoubtedly necessary, but it does not touch in Hisinvariablegood temper, his cheerful disposition, his sense of hu any way the original conception of the makers of the Constitution, mor, his love of fun, all made him a most attractive companion, but nor should it ever have been allowed to affect it. beneath these agreeable attributes were much stronger qualities. According to that conception, the Vice-President~ placed on equal In the trying days which preceded the Spanish war, when the level in choice, was to be a man not only fit to succeed to the country was moving surely toward the last resort of nations, and • Presidency in cacse of death or disability, but was marked out by his when doubts and hesitations were apparent in many directions, position as the natural successor when the four or the eight years' Mr. HOBART revealed himself to me as a man of strong sense and term of his associate had expired. In this way Adams succeeded with a clearness of vision which showed him to be a statesman. Washington and Jefferson succeeded Adams. Then, again, after a When perplexing questions were upon him, he showed in a marked long interval, Van Buren went from the Vice-Presidency to the degree that highest of qualities, veracity of mind. He was never White House. Since that time the conception of the framers has muddled with words. entangled with phrases, or lost in the mist faded and grown dim. The Vice-Presidency bas been treated too of fine sentiments. He never mistook words for things. He saw often by party conventions either as a convenient and honorable facts exactly as they were and dealt with them accordingly. He shelf upon which an eminent man might quietly close his career, knew that in the conduct of the Government, and especially in or as a consolation prize to be awarded to the :faction in the party in times of war, it was sometimes necessary for the public good which had failed to win the highest place. In the first case the to disregard individual feelings. However unpleasant such a country ran the risk of having a Vice-President incapable, from duty might be, he would not shrink from it, and he never hesi age or perhaps other causes, of carrying the responsibilities of the tated to tell a needed truth if it was for the benefit of the country, .Presidency if they were forced upon him; and in the second they although his tact wa..s snch that personal enmity never foJlowed. had a Vice-President who lived in strained and distant-relations I trust and telieve that when the history of the momentous with the White House, and if suddenly called to occupy it brought times in which be rendered his greatest public services comes to a change of men and of .measures when the people had voted for be written he will receive the very high meed of praise which he policies and executors_of policies who should be continuous in deserves. Thosewhoknewhimandsawhimin that eventful period a~tion for four years. - know well what he did and appreciate at their right value the cour ·So far has· this misconception and this false treatment of the age, loyalty, and ability which he displayed. We mourn him as a Vice-Presidency gone that it is almost universally looked upon as friend, as an eminent and patriotic public servant, faithful to his certain political extinction for any man with a career before.him, country in all relations of life. His death, while he was still in still more with hopes of the- Presidency, to accept the second his prime, was a grevious loss, not only to those who lornd him, pla-ee in the Government, to which he is chosen by the votes of the but to the country which he loved and which be served so well. entire American people. Such ideas and snch a practice are bad for the Government, complete perversions of the intentions of the Mr. CAFFERY. Mr. President, I did not learn of the date of framers, and breed conditions which are potentially dangerous. the eulogies on Vice-President HOBART in time to prepare any Out of this neglect and misconception Mr. HOBART silently lifted elaborate statement upon his life and character. I will limit my his great office merely by the manner in which he filled it and per- self to a brief but sincere tribute of affection and esteem to his formed its duties. Quietly, firmly, and with perfect tact he as- memory. I will touch upon his character only as it was exhib serted the dignity of his high position, never going too far and ited here. I had not that personal acquaintance with the Vice always far enough. Without knowing exactly why, people sud- President which would warrant me in any extended remarks upon denly came to realize that there was a Vice-President of the his inner life. United States, that he held the second position in "the Govern- But, .Mr. President, there are abundant opportunities to discover ment, and that, with the exception of the President, he was the what material· a man is made of when he is placed in the position only man in the country holding office by the vote of the entire that Vice-President HOBART was. He was in daily con1act with people. In the same way t.he old and true conception oftbe Vice- the members of this body; he had to pass upon questions of great Presidency in relation to the Administration reappeared. -Instead moment; and howe-ver much his position would seem to screen . of holding aloof or remaining indifferent to the conduct of the him from that scrutiny into character which the ordinary man 'Government, Mr. HOBART regarded himself as a part of the Ad- affords, yet there was abundant and ample opportunity to know ministratjon and as a representative of the policies which that and to jnc1ge of his great merits. Administration had been chosen to carry into effect-as one of the Mr. President, as a presiding officer of this body Vice-President President's friends, advisers, and supporters, equally inttfrested H6BARTcould be truthfully said to be an ideal one. His judgments with him in the success of the measures to which they were alike were characterized by clearness and comprehension, and by a trait committed. which is rarely possessed-of absolute impartiality. He was a par- As presiding officer of the Senate be fulfilled carefully and thor- tisan, as all adherents to great political parties are; but in the dis oughly every duty of the place. He abandoned once for all the charge of his duties as President of this body he was absolutely bad habit which had grown up of submitting nearly every ques- impartial. It mattered not what the question was, it mattered not tion of order to the Senate and ruled promptly and well on all whether there was an opportunity to catch the nearest way for these points, as every presiJing officer ought to do. In these political advantage, in every ruling of his it was at once perceived waya he steadily elevated the Vice-Presidency in the estimation that he was animated solely by the honorable and high purpose of the people, and made the office what the framers of the Consti- to discharge the functions of his great office as befitted the Vice tution intended it to be. - President of the whole UnitedStatesandnotas theadberent or par- When be came to Washington he was but little known to the tisan of any party. The smoke of the battle between adherents and people of the United States outside his native State of New Jer- the shoutingsofthecaptains never ascended to the chair which he sey. When he died the whole country grieved, not because the occupied. There all was calm and serene; justice and impartial- Vice-President was dead, but because GARRET HOBART was gone, ity presided there. . . who bad in a time only too brief impressed himself upon them as Now, Mr. President, with the limited scope of my observation, a worthy holder of a great office and as a distinguished public I can truthfully say that no more kindly or courteous man ever man. presided over any deliberative assembly in these United States. It may be that we shall drift b 3.ck into the old and falRe idea His kindliness of disposition, his courteousness of demeanor, im which has grown up about the Vice-Presidency. It may be that j pressed everyone that came in contact with him. There was no again it will be treated as an office for someone about to retire show; there was no pretense; but there was the simpleperfonnance 1900. . - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 745 of duty by an American elevated to his high position. And, Mr. President, on more than one occasion this friend of ours Mr. President, it is one of his highest praises that he was of the showed me acts of kindness that it would be impossible for me to noblest and purest type of American manhood, American virtue, forget; and throughout the years, whether they be few or many, American patriotism, Amel'ican justice. and American impartial that may be allotted to me on earth I shall look back to the Fifty ity in the discharge of the functions of his great office. fifth Congress with kindly recollections of this distinguished man, This simple tribute of mine, Mr. President, is sincere. I speak who has been untimely taken from bis family and his country. with absolute sincerity in all the remarks that I have made about Death, Mr. President, is a peculiar thing. Men are born to die, the deceased Vice-President. I know that his character and his and they die to live again. I am of that number who believe in qualities have been portrayed before the Senate to-day in language the immortality of the human soul and in the undying faith of the too eloquent for me to attempt to rival or to equal. I know that Christian. Our friend is not dead. He has simply passed through they have uttered the Iiving truth. I know that no word of praise a transition state that will enable him to live in glory and immor that has fallen from the lips of those who have eulogized the tality. To his wife and to his child goes out the unfeigned sym deceased Vice-President has been said beyond the truth. · I know pathy of the people of this nation, regardless of station, regard that all the Senators who have addressed us to-day upon the life less of political alignment. His memory is sacred to all. And the of our departed President have been animated solely by a desire saddest of all is that he was called before his time from the scenes to pay their tribute of respect and admiration which we all, as of life and the active duties incumbent upon him. American Senators, feel to the memory of the late Vice-President. Mr. President, it would be useless for me to say more. If I were The old Latin maxim, De mortuis nil nisi bonum, is surely to write the epitaph of thiH distinguished man, I would chisel upon inapplicable to Vice-Pres:dent HOBART. His armor of character the shaft that stands above his mortal remains the words: "Here is so perfect as not to be penetrable by the tongue of detraction lies an honest man, the noblest work of God." however keen, nor by the pen of criticism however hostile. Armed with this character of truth and honor, kindliness and courtesy, Mr. KEAN. Mr. President, the State of New Jersey mourns impartiality and justice, detraction and criticism are alike baffied with the Union of all the States in the untimely death of her dis to find a fl.aw in the admirable type of manhood which he exhibited. tinguished son, GARRET A. HOBART. Great as the loss has been to the nation, the blow has fallen with heavier force and with the Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, occasions like this rob me of what sense of a personal and intimate loss upon the people of the city little power of speech nature has given me; and yet I feel that I and State aII1ong whom his busy and useful life has been spent. would not be doing my full duty, occupying the peculiar political He was born in the State of New Jer!'ey. His youth and early attitude I do in th.Ls Chamber, if I should now fail to say a word manhood, his college days, and the ripening seasons of his life were commemorative of the life and virtues of our deceased Vice passed amid the familiar scenes and the friendly faces of his na· President. tive home, and at 'the last, when the inevitable summons came he My acquaintance with Mr. HOBART began, of course, March 4, died in the city which mourned him as its most illustrious citizen 1897. It ended March 4, 181:}9, having extended through the three and in the State to which' he brought so much honor and distinc memorable sessions of the Fifty-fifth Congress. I had heard of tion. If the State gave him birth and education, training and him before his nomination to the Vice-Presidency. I had known ex--perience, home and success, he, too, was generous to New J er of him as one citizen would know of a distinguished citizen -living sey, for he brought new honors to the old Commonwealth, he re in a distant part of the nation. But I ha