A Rhetorical Analysis of Keynote Speaking in Republican National Conventions from 1856 to 1964
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Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1966 A Rhetorical Analysis of Keynote Speaking in Republican National Conventions From 1856 to 1964. Paul Acton Barefield Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Barefield, Paul Acton, "A Rhetorical Analysis of Keynote Speaking in Republican National Conventions From 1856 to 1964." (1966). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1180. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1180 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 67-1147 BAREFIELD, Paul Acton, 1938- A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OP KEYNOTE SPEAKING IN REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTIONS PROM 1856 TO 1964. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1966 Speech-Theater University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Paul Acton Barefield 1967 All Rights Reserved A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF KEYNOTE SPEAKING REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTIONS FROM 1856 TO 1964 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Speech by Paul Acton Barefield B.A., Howard College, 1960 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1962 August, 1966 TABLE OP CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF TA B L E S .......................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................. viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.................... '............. 1 Keynoting defined............................ 1 Why study keynoting in Republican national conventions? ................... 4 Statement of the p r o b l e m ................... 7 Method of development....................... 10 Contributory studies ....................... 11 Sources of material for the study........... 13 Limitations of the study. ............. 15 II. THE SETTING: THE CONVEN T I O N................. 16 The selection of candidates: the pre-convention years ..................... 17 The selection of candidates: the emergence of the convention system .... 19 The function of the convention............. 22 Survey of convention commentary............. 24 Criticism of the convention's atmosphere............ 25 Criticism of the non-representative convention membership................... 29 Criticism that the conventions do not pick the best m e n................. 29 Criticism that the convention is too large................................ 29 Criticism of the convention in its e n t i r e t y ............................ 30 Criticism that decisions are made in a "smoke-filled11 room rather than on the floor of the convention........ 32 Criticism that the proceedings of the convention are drawn out over too long a period : . 32 ii CHAPTER PAGE Criticism of the excessive concern for precedents and tradition ............... 33 Criticism of convention speaking ......... 33 The convention setting: general considerations ............................... 35 Characteristics of the delegates ............. 36 A g e . .............................. 36 Sex............................................ 38 R a c e .......................................... 39 R e l i g i o n ..................................... 40 Educational status .......................... 41 Income levels................................. 42 Occupations................................... 42 The convention site............................ 45 The impact of television on the convention setting .......................... 50 Summary.......................................... 52 III. THE KEYNOTE SPEAKERS ............................. 54 Who were the keynoters? ...................... 54 Qualities and qualifications of the keynote speaker........................ 55 Oratorical ability .......................... 55 Political prowess............................ 60 Geographical location........................ 66 Additional considerations. .. ............. 70 A composite view of Republican keynoters..................................... 81 Summary......................................... 82 IV. THE SPEECHES: GENERAL INFORMATION ............. 84 Convention organization........................ 84 The keynote speech: its purpose and function ............................ 85 Views of newspaper writers, casual observers and scholarly writers........... 86 Views of delegates to the national conve n t i o n................................. 89 Views of members of the Republican hierarchy........... ..................... 95 Views of the keynoters regarding the purpose of the keynote speech.............. 101 Summary......................................... 108 V. THE SPEECHES: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS ..... 110. Major themes ................... Ill CHAPTER PAGE Our party is worthy of praise for its glorious history and outstanding leaders..................... 113 Abraham Lincoln.......................... 113 Secondary heroes ........................ 115 Combination of heroes................... 121 Republican history and principles. 124 Supplementary symbols from American h i s t o r y ..................... 128 Summary.................................. 137 Supporting materials for history and hero theme ................... 138 Summary.................................. 146 The Democratic party (or a specific Democratic administration) is inferior in many ways and deserves criticism. .......................... 148 Criticism of the president or titular party head................. 149 Criticism of Democratic motives and p h i l o s o p h y ........................ 152 Criticism of Democratic party's history and membership ............... 154 Criticism of specific Democratic policies and programs................. 156 General criticism of the Democratic party ..................... 157 Summary.................................. 160 Supporting materials used when criticizing the Democrats............. 161 Summary . 171 We need unity and harmony................. 173 Supporting materials for unity and harmony theme..................... 17 6 Summary........ ......................... 176 America is wonderful!..................... 177 Supporting materials used with the "America is Wonderful" t h e m e ........ 181 Our fiscal policies are excellent......... 185 Supporting materials employed with the "our fiscal policies are excellent" theme ................... 192 Summary.................................. 197 The centralization of power is dangerous: we are concerned about the individual American citizen ........................ 198 Supporting materials for "centralized power versus individual" theme .... 200 iv CHAPTER PAGE Summary. .............................. 202 Our policies provide an impetus for business and manufacturing; our policies are of benefit to agriculture; our policies aid the labor force.......................... 202 Our policies provide an impetus for business and manufacturing .... 204 Our policies are of benefit to agriculture.......................... 206 Our policies aid the labor fo r c e ......... 210 Supporting materials used with the three themes that Republican policies benefit business and manufacturing, agriculture, and labor.............................. 211 Summary.................................. 212 Our policies on tariff and trade are sound................................ 212 Supporting material employed with the tariff and trade theme.................................. 215 Summary.................................. 216 Minor themes ................................ - 217 Organization .............................. 218 Introductions................. 219 Conclusions............................. 221 Extrinsic means of persuasion............. 224 Summary........................... 227 VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS........................ 232 Keynoting defined........................... \ 232 Why study keynoting in Republican national conventions?..................... 233 Method of development........................ 234 The setting: the convention............... 236 The function of the convention ........... 236 The convention setting: general considerations ............................ 239 The keynote speakers ........................ 240 The keynote speeches: general information................................ 241 The speeches: a rhetorical analysis .... 244 Conclusions................................ 247 Inherent characteristics of the Republican keynote speeches............... 247 Major changes in the keynote speech during the period from 1856 to 1964. 260 v CHAPTER PAGE SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY............. 263 VITA .......................................................280 vi LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I. Occupational Distributions of the 1948 Republican Convention ................. 43 II. Governmental Positions Held by Republican Keynoters at the Time of Their Service ............................ ’ 66" III. Major Places of Residence for Republican Nominees and Keynote S p e a k e r s .......................... 67 IV. Age and Number of Keynote Speakers ........... 82 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze keynote speaking in Republican national conventions from 1856 to 1964. The study