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THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 MLE Males & Females Common Name Scientific Name Combined (Years) MLE Males (Years) MLE Females (Years) Addax Addax nasomaculatus - 12.3 14.4 Agouti, Brazilian Dasyprocta leporina 8.2 - - Alligator, Chinese Alligator sinensis 31 - - Anoa, Lowland Bubalus depressicornis 17.4 - - Anteater, Giant Myrmecophaga tridactyla 19.2 - - Antelope, Roan Hippotragus equinus - Data deficient 12.4 Antelope, Sable Hippotragus niger 11.4 - - Aoudad, Kordofan Ammotragus lervia blainei Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Aracari, Green Pteroglossus viridis 7.9 - - Argus, Great Argusianus argus 10.8 - - Armadillo, Screaming Chaetophractus vellerosus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Armadillo, Six Banded Euphractus sexcinctus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Armadillo, Southern Three-banded Tolypeutes matacas - 16.2 Data deficient Ass, Somali Wild Equus africanus somaliensis Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Aye-Aye Daubentonia madagascariensis Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Babirusa Babyrousa celebensis Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Baboon, Hamadryas Papio hamadryas 27.5 - - Barasingha Rucervus duvaucelii - 9 13.1 Barbet, Red and Yellow Trachyphonus erythrocephalus 4.6 - - Bat, Rodrigues Fruit Pteropus rodricensis - 13.6 16.6 Bat, Straw-Colored Fruit Eidolon helvum - 18.5 Data deficient Bear, American Black Ursus americanus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Bear, Andean Spectacled Tremarctos ornatus 26 - - Bear, Asiatic Black Ursus thibetanus - Data deficient 29.3 Bear, Brown Ursus arctos - 21.9 26.8 Bear, Polar Ursus maritimus - 20.8 24.3 Bear, Sloth Melursus ursinus 17.8 - - Bear, Sun Helarctos malayanus - Data deficient 23.1 Bettong, Brush-tailed Bettongia penicillata 8.2 - - Binturong Arctictis binturong - 17.9 14.8 Bird, Secretary Sagittarius serpentarius Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Bird-of-paradise, Raggiana Paradisaea raggiana 14.5 - - THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 Go to www.aza.org/survival-stats to download an up-to-date table after that expiration date. THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 MLE Males & Females Common Name Scientific Name Combined (Years) MLE Males (Years) MLE Females (Years) Bird-of-paradise, Superb Lophorina superba Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Bluebird, Fairy Irena puella 5 - - Boa, Jamaican Chilabothrus subflavus - 21.6 15.6 Bobcat Lynx rufus - 16.8 18.8 Bongo, Eastern Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci - 9.2 12.3 Bonobo Pan paniscus - 31.5 Data deficient Bontebok Damaliscus pygargus pygarus 11.2 - - Buffalo, African Savannah Syncerus caffer 18.8 - - Bushbaby, Moholi Galago moholi 6 - - Bushmaster, South American Lachesis muta 7.8 - - Bustard, Buff-crested Lophotis gindiana 7.5 - - Buttonquail, Madagascar Turnix nigricollis - Data deficient 3.2 Callimico Callimico goeldii 8.9 - - Camel, Bactrian Camelus bactrianus 17.8 - - Capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris - 7.1 8.6 Caracal Caracal caracal 13.1 - - Cardinal, Red-capped Paroaria gularis 5.7 - - Cardinal, Red-crested Paroaria coronata 4.1 - - Cassowary, Southern (Double- wattled) Casuarius casuarius 26 - - Cat, Black-footed Felis nigripes 5.3 - - Cat, Fishing Prionailurus viverrinus - 10.9 12.8 Cat, Pallas' Felis manul 8.5 - - Cat, Sand Felis margarita 9.9 - - Chat, Snowy-Headed Robin Cossypha niveicapilla 4 - - Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus 11.6 - - Chevrotain, Greater Malayan Tragulus napu 7.1 - - Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes - 31.7 37.4 Coati, White-Nosed Nasua narica 13.4 - - Colobus, Angolan Colobus angolensis 18.2 - - Colobus, Guereza Colobus guereza - 15 11.4 THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 Go to www.aza.org/survival-stats to download an up-to-date table after that expiration date. THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 MLE Males & Females Common Name Scientific Name Combined (Years) MLE Males (Years) MLE Females (Years) Condor, Andean Vultur gryphus 46.7 - - Conure, Golden Guarouba guarouba 17.1 - - Cormorant, White-breasted Phalacrocorax lucidus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Crake, Black Zapornia flavirostra 3.7 - - Crane, Black-crowned Balearica pavonina 12.9 - - Crane, Blue Anthropoides paradisea 13.4 - - Crane, Demoiselle Anthropoides virgo 13.9 - - Crane, Grey-crowned Balearica regulorum 12.2 - - Crane, Red-crowned Grus japonensis 29 - - Crane, White-naped Grus vipio 15.1 - - Crane, Whooping Grus americana 28.4 - - Crocodile, Cuban Crocodylus rhombifer Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Crocodile, Slender-Snouted Mecistops cataphractus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Curassow, Blue-billed Crax alberti Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Curassow, Helmeted Pauxi pauxi 18.2 - - Curassow, Wattled Crax globulosa - Data deficient 11.8 Deer, Eld's Rucervus eldii thamin - 9.5 12.4 Deer, Mexican Red Brocket Mazama temama 5.4 - - Deer, Père David’s Elaphurus davidianus - 13.2 16.3 Deer, Western Tufted Elaphodus cehalophus - 14.4 10 Dik-dik, Kirk's Madoqua kirkii 4.8 - - Dikkop, Spotted Burhinus capensis 16.6 - - Dog, African Painted Lycaon pictus 10.2 - - Dog, Bush Speothos venaticus - 8.9 7.3 Dove, Bartlett's Bleeding Heart Gallicolumba criniger 4.9 - - Dove, Beautiful Fruit Ptilinopus pulchellus 7.2 - - Dove, Black-naped Fruit Ptilinopus melanospilus 6.5 - - Dove, Grey-capped Emerald Chalcophaps indica 6.2 - - Dove, Jambu Fruit Ptilinopus jambu 5.9 - - Dove, Luzon Bleeding Heart Gallicolumba luzonica 5.8 - - Dove, Mariana Fruit Ptilinopus roseicapilla - Data deficient 6 Dove, White-Throated Ground Gallicolumba xanthonura Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 Go to www.aza.org/survival-stats to download an up-to-date table after that expiration date. THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 MLE Males & Females Common Name Scientific Name Combined (Years) MLE Males (Years) MLE Females (Years) Dragon, Komodo Varanus komodoensis - Data deficient 12.3 Duck, Spotted Whistling Dendrocygna guttata 6.2 - - Duck, West Indian Whistling Dendrocygna arborea 8.9 - - Duck, White-winged Wood Asarcornis scutulata 5.7 - - Duiker, Black Cephalopus niger 5.9 - - Duiker, Blue Philantomba monticola 4.7 - - Duiker, Yellow-backed Cephalophus silvicultor 10 - - Eagle, Bald Haliaeetus leucoephalus 16.5 - - Eagle, Steller’s Sea Haliaeetus pelagicus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Eland, Common Taurotragus oryx - 11.8 13.6 Elephant, African Loxodonta africana - See Full Report 38.6 Elephant, Asian Elephas maximus - See Full Report 46.9 Falcon, African Pygmy Polihierax semitorquatus 7 - - Flamingo, Caribbean Phoenicopterus ruber 25.8 - - Flamingo, Chilean Phoenicopterus chilensis - 31.1 27.2 Flamingo, Greater Phoenicopterus ruber roseus 35.1 - - Flamingo, Lesser Phoeniconaias minor - 20.1 12.9 Flying Fox, Island Pteropus hypomelanus - Data deficient 25.1 Flying Fox, Large Pteropus vampyrus 17.1 - - Fossa Cryptoprocta ferox Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Fox, Fennec Vulpes zerda 11 - - Fox, Swift Vulpes velox 11.3 - - Frog, Dusky Gopher Lithobates (Rana) sevosa 6.6 - - Frog, Golden Harlequin Atelopus varius 3.6 - - Frog, Panamanian Golden (Ahogado) Atelopus zeteki 7.5 - - Frog, Panamanian Golden (Sora) Atelopus zeteki - 5.2 4 Frogmouth, Tawny Podargus strigoides - 20.7 15.3 Galago, Northern Greater Otolemur garnettii 15.2 - - Gazelle, Grant's Nanger granti - 3.5 6.2 Gazelle, Nubian Soemmerring's Nanger soemmerringii - 5.5 6.6 Gazelle, Slender-Horned Gazella leptoceros - 4.6 5.6 THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 Go to www.aza.org/survival-stats to download an up-to-date table after that expiration date. THIS TABLE EXPIRES AS OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 MLE Males & Females Common Name Scientific Name Combined (Years) MLE Males (Years) MLE Females (Years) Gazelle, Thomson's Eudorcas thomsonii - 5.2 11 Gecko, Giant Leaf-tailed Uroplatus fimbriatus 4.2 - - Gecko, Henkel's Leaf-tailed Uroplatus henkeli - 5.3 4 Gecko, Lined Leaf-tailed Uroplatus lineatus 4.6 - - Gecko, Mossy Leaf-tailed Uroplatus sikorae 2.4 - - Gecko, Satanic Leaf-tailed Uroplatus phantasticus 2.5 - - Gerenuk, Southern Litocranius walleri - 3.7 5.7 Gharial, Indian Gavialis gangeticus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Gharial, Sunda Tomistoma schlegelii Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Gibbon, Lar (White-handed) Hylobates lar 16.6 - - Gibbon, White-cheeked Nomascus leucogenys 29.9 - - Giraffe (Combined Masai & Generic) Giraffa camelopardalis - 13.4 19.4 Goose, Nene Branta sandvicensis 8 - - Goose, Red-breasted Branta ruficollis 8.2 - - Goose, Swan Anser cygnoides 11.4 - - Goral, Chinese Naemorhedus griseus - 12.4 Data deficient Gorilla, Western Lowland Gorilla gorilla gorilla - 31.7 38.3 Guenon, Wolf's Cercopithecus wolfi Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Guineafowl, Crested Guttera pucherani 7 - - Guineafowl, Vulturine Acryllium vulturinum - 4.9 4 Hamerkop Scopus umbretta - 12.3 5.9 Heron, Boat-billed Cochlearius cochlearius 8.8 - - Hippopotamus, Pygmy Cheoropis liberiensi - Data deficient 26.3 Hippopotamus, River Hippopotamus amphibius 35.4 - - Hog, Red River Potamochoerus porcus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Honeyeater, Blue-faced Entomyzon cyanotis Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Hornbill, Great Buceros bicornis 27.2 - - Hornbill, Northern Ground Bucorvus abyssinicus Data deficient Data deficient Data deficient Hornbill, Red-billed Tockus erythrorhynchus 11.1 - - Hornbill, Rhinoceros Buceros rhinoceros 21 - - Hornbill, Southern Ground Bucorvus leadbeateri Data
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  • Gazella Dorcas) in North East Libya

    Gazella Dorcas) in North East Libya

    The conservation ecology of the Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas) in North East Libya Walid Algadafi A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2019 This work and any part thereof has not previously been presented in any form to the University or to any other body whether for the purposes of assessment, publication or any other purpose (unless previously indicated). Save for any express acknowledgements, references and/or bibliographies cited in the work, I confirm that the intellectual content of the work is the result of my own efforts and of no other person. The right of Walid Algadafi to be identified as author of this work is asserted in accordance with ss.77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. At this date, copyright is owned by the author. Signature: Date: 27/ 04/ 2019 I ABSTRACT The Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas) is an endangered antelope in North Africa whose range is now restricted to a few small populations in arid, semi-desert conditions. To be effective, conservation efforts require fundamental information about the species, especially its abundance, distribution and genetic factors. Prior to this study, there was a paucity of such data relating to the Dorcas gazelle in Libya and the original contribution of this study is to begin to fill this gap. The aim of this study is to develop strategies for the conservation management of Dorcas gazelle in post-conflict North East Libya. In order to achieve this aim, five objectives relating to current population status, threats to the species, population genetics, conservation and strategic population management were identified.