Notes and records
Photographic evidence of Jentink’s duiker in the The Gola Forest Programme, a partnership between the Gola Forest Reserves, Sierra Leone Government of Sierra Leone, the Conservation Society of Sierra Leone and the Royal Society for the Protection of Jessica Ganas1,2* and Jeremy A. Lindsell1 Birds, is working to protect the forest and as part of the 1 Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, research and monitoring programme, camera traps are 2 Beds, SG19 2DL, UK and Gola Forest Programme, 164 being used to document animal species found in the forest. Dama Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone We report here the first photographic evidence of Jentink’s duiker in Sierra Leone.
Introduction Methods
The forest ungulate Jentink’s duiker (Thomas, 1892, The Gola Forest Reserves (710 km2) comprise four blocks Cephalophus jentinki), is endemic to the western portion of located in southeastern Sierra Leone. The reserves are the Upper Guinea forest region (Ivory Coast, Liberia and not contiguous, but are divided by the main Freetown- Sierra Leone) and is one of the rarest duikers in Africa Monrovia highway (between Gola West and East) and (Davies & Birkenha¨ger, 1990). The paucity of information areas of community land (between Gola East and North on the size of the population, the small extent of their and its extension). The reserves were subjected to com- range, and the seriousness of threats from habitat loss and mercial selective logging in the 1960s to 1980s with the hunting that they have faced in the last twenty years have latter period characterised by destructive and unsustain- led to their recent upgrading from vulnerable to endan- able offtake. Some parts of the forest, in particular in Gola gered by IUCN (2008). Their ecology is not well known but North, remained largely unlogged. they are thought to be mostly confined to remote primary The forest was divided into 5 · 5 km grid squares and a forests, although they may use secondary forests on a single camera was placed in a square. In all, ten cameras seasonal basis (Davies and Birkenhager, 1990; Newing, (Reconyx model Rapid Fire RM 45 digital) were deployed 2001). in Gola West in July 2008 and ten in Gola East in October Although Jentink’s duiker has been confirmed by direct 2008, resulting in ten squares being surveyed in each sightings in Liberia (http://www.edgeofexistence.org) and reserve. Cameras were sited next to a stream, river, trail or the Ivory Coast (Newing, 2001), only indirect evidence of other area likely to be frequented by animals, and were its existence has been documented in Sierra Leone (Davies operational for 4–6 weeks. All cameras were set to high and Birkenhager, 1990, Wilson & Wilson, 1990). All these trigger sensitivity, high picture quality, to take up to two reports pre-date the 10 years of civil war that Sierra Leone pictures per trigger and to wait 30 s before the next underwent from 1991 to 2001. During this time, the trigger. The RM 45 takes colour images in daylight and forests of southeast Sierra Leone were used extensively by infrared images when dark, lit with an infrared flash, as it rebels (Richards, 2005) and since then activities such as has no white flash. mining, slash and burn farming, and illegal logging have recommenced. Given the very limited earlier evidence from Results and discussion a country whose mammal fauna was otherwise well known (Grubb et al., 1998), and these more recent trends, During three events, the cameras recorded one or two some conservationists have concluded that Jentink’s individual Jentink’s duikers in Gola West and one individual duiker may well already have been extirpated in Sierra in Gola East (Fig. 1). The first event, in Gola West (two Leone (R. Mittermeier, personal communication). photos) was on 20 July 2008, 5:16 am (Fig. 2), and the second event (two photos) was on 21 August 2008 at 4:29 *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] am (not shown). It is not possible to tell from the images