Spring/Summer 2006 Volume 56, nos. 1–2

Committee on Archaeological Policy 2006 Tour

Burton MacDonald, CAP Chair

he American Center of Oriental Research reception on June 6 in honor of Pierre and Patricia Bikai on their Tretirement from the directorship of ACOR and the intro- duction of Barbara Porter and Christopher Tuttle as the new ACOR director and assistant director, respectively, provided me with the opportunity to meet with many of the directors of archaeological projects that are ASOR/CAP affi liated. The reception took place while I was in Jordan carrying out the sec- ond season of “The Ayl to Ras an-Naqb Archaeological Survey, Southern Jordan.” During the reception and the following day I was able to meet with a number of dig directors who were either in the fi eld or working on some aspect of their research while in Jordan. Tom Parker, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, was delighted to show me his just published, two-volume work The Late Bronze Age palace at Khirbat al-Mudayna on the Wadi ath- on “The Limes Arabicus Project,” which involved work at the Thamad. Roman period sites of al-Lajjun, Qasr Bshir, and Da`janiya between 1980 and 1989. He now turns his attention to the them in the fi eld, I was able to see them on June 6 and chat publication of his completed “The Roman `Aqaba Project,” with them about their project. which involved the excavation of the Roman site of Ayla at Martha Joukowsky, Brown University, Providence, RI,was al-`Aqaba in southern Jordan. also at ACOR for several reasons, one of which was to begin John Oleson, University of Victoria, BC, had several rea- another fi eld season at the Petra Great Temple. She was actu- sons for being in Jordan this spring. Not only was he attending ally just beginning her fi eld work as I was completing mine. the ACOR Board of Trustees meeting in Amman, but he was During May and June I met with Mike Neeley, Montana also opening the exhibit on Humayma at the al-`Aqaba Archae- State University, Bozeman, and Jane Peterson, Marquette Uni- ological Museum and fi nishing up the photographic and infor- versity, Milwaukee, on two occasions at their base camp in mational exhibition in the new Visitor’s Center at the site itself. Busayra. At the time of my visits, they were carrying out the All this is part of his work on site development at Humayma. fi rst season of their work on “The Development of Agricul- Jerry Rose, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and his tural Communities in West-Central Jordan.” Field activities associate director Doris Burke were in Jordan engaged in their consisted of mapping and test excavations at two Late Natu- research on the “Bioarchaeology of Northern Jordan,” in co- fi an sites (“Tafi la-Busayra Archaeological Survey” Sites 102 operation with Yarmuk University. Although they had com- and 212) in Wadi Juheira and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of pleted fi eld work before I had the opportunity to meet with Kh. al-Hammam along the south bank of Wadi al-Hasa. continued on page 3 Update on Recent Developments in Membership, The American Schools of Oriental Research is a nonprofi t, scientifi c and educational October 4, 2006 organization founded in 1900.

ended last year in the black, and our P. E. MacAllister TammI J. Schneider, budget for this year, though lean, means Chairman of the Board Vice President for Membership we will continue to be in the black. The Eric Myers Executive Committee is committed to President DEAR ASOR MEMBERS, ensuring that ASOR’s fi nancial stability remains stable and strong. Our fi nan- Eric Cline ver the past months I have sent Vice President of Governance out a few notes highlighting cial progress, to a large extent, is due to what the Executive Committee some of our major donors, including P. Tammi Schneider O E. MacAllister, Dick Scheur, and the Jou- Vice President of Membership has been doing. In this note I would like to emphasize again some of the recent ac- kowskys. During the past year ASOR’s James Strange complishments of ASOR and thank those membership has been extremely sup- Secretary portive, and we received fi nancial con- of you who have helped make much of Andrew Vaughn this happen. tributions from many who had not giv- Chair, Committee on Publications It has been brought to my attention en in the past. For all the gifts to ASOR this past fi scal year, THANK YOU! Burton MacDonald that not everyone may know who now Chair, Committee on Archaeological Policy constitutes the Executive Committee. ASOR members were also gener- ous this past year in raising funds to Rachel Hallote Because of ASOR’s precarious fi nancial Chair, Committee on Annual Meeting situation last year the new Offi cers were bring NEA up to date. Ann Killebrew not elected at the November Board of spearheaded this campaign, and her B. W. Ruffner Treasurer Trustees meeting but instead were ap- relentlessness led to the campaign’s tre- pointed at the February meeting of the mendous success. University of Notre Executive Committee and then elect- Dame helped with ASOR’s success with ed at the May meeting of the Board. its Challenge Grant, whereby if ASOR ASOR 656 Beacon Street, 5th fl oor ASOR’s offi cers are now: P. E. MacAllis- could raise $25,000 from institutional sources, they would meet it. Thanks are Boston, MA 02215-2010 ter, Chairman of the Board; Eric Meyers, Tel. (617) 353-6570 President; Eric Cline, Vice President of therefore due to those institutions that Fax. (617) 353-6575 Governance; Tammi J. Schneider, Vice contributed to meeting that challenge, E-mail: [email protected] President of Membership; Lawrence including Andrews University, Carroll T. Geraty, Past President; Jim Strange, College, Christian Theological Semi- Secretary; and B. W. Ruffner, Treasurer. nary, Claremont Graduate University, B. W. Ruffner has since been named as Emory University, George Washington interim dean of the University of Ten- University, Institute for Aegean Prehis- nessee Medical School and will step tory (Temple University), LaSierra Uni- down as Treasurer effective January 1, versity, and Mississippi State. A special 2007. We are pleased that B. W. will re- thank you to the Institute for Aegean main on the ASOR board, and he will be Prehistory, which appeared at the end replaced as treasurer by Sheldon Fox, a and was particularly generous. CPA from Durham, NC. There have also ASOR’s publications are another been changes to the Executive Commit- great source of pride to the organiza- The ASOR Newsletter tee. That body consists of the Offi cers tion. NEA should be up to date by the and Andy Vaughn, Chair, Committee on middle of 2007. BASOR continues to be one of the most infl uential journals on Alexandra Ratzlaff, Editor Publications; Burton MacDonald, Chair, Susanne Wilhelm, Assistant Editor Committee on Archaeological Policy; our topic in the world. JCS is known Rachel Hallote, Chair, Committee on not only for its fi ne quality but for being Annual Meeting and Program; and Ann one of the few journals on Assyriology The ASOR Newsletter (ISSN 0361-6029) Killebrew, Interim Chair of Develop- in this country. None of this could have happened without the skill and exper- is published quarterly by the American ment. The Web site includes the list of Schools of Oriental Research all ASOR’s committees as well as the tise of our editors: Piotr Michalowski members of each committee. Without (JCS), Sandra Scham (NEA), and James © 2006 by The American Schools of Oriental Research the help of those on all the committees, Weinstein (BASOR). While last year ASOR simply would not work, so thank ASOR lost the staff from the Atlanta of- all of you for your time and expertise. fi ce, all of those employees continued ASOR’s big news is our fi nancial to help ASOR through the transition, www.asor.org situation. ASOR is in the black! We continued on page 4

2 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 continued from page 1 Neolithic village of al-Ghuwayr in Wadi leagues and discuss all aspects of Cypri- Of course, my own project, “The Faynan—under the directorship of A. ote archaeology. Ayl to Ras an-Naqb Archaeological Sur- Simmons and M. Najjar. After introductory remarks by Da- vey, Southern Jordan” is ASOR/CAP Although Larry Herr, Canadian vis, for CAARI, and Marina Solomidou- affi liated. The second season of work University College, Lacombe, AB, had Ieronymidou, for Pavlos Flourentzos, from May 10–June 20 resulted in the not as yet begun fi eld work, it was Director of the Department of Antiq- “discovery” of 115 sites so that the to- not possible for him to pass by Tall al- uities Cyprus, 18 presentations were tal number of sites after two seasons of `Umayri without visiting it with me. made. The directors of ASOR/CAP-af- work is 324. In addition, survey team This season, along with his co-director, fi liated projects reporting were: Alan members surveyed 83 random squares, Doug Clark, La Sierra University, River- Simmons (University of Nevada, Las chosen on the basis of Geographic In- side, CA, the team will be investigating Vegas) – “Ais Yiorkis”; Steve Falconer formation Systems database, in three a number of areas on the tell that relate and Patricia Fall (Arizona State Uni- topographical zones, in the territory to to the Late Bronze and Iron Age peri- versity, Tempe) – “Agrarian Landscape the south of Petra as far as the edge of ods. I am grateful for Larry’s accompa- Change at Politiko-Troullia”; Nathan the escarpment at Ras an-Naqb. niment during my visits to several sites Harper (for D. Parks, Brock University, Following my own fi eld work I had in Jordan. St. Catherine’s, ON) – “Kourion Ama- the opportunity, along with Larry Herr, Although former Chair of ASOR’s Committee on neither Suzanne Publications, to visit a number of sites Richard, Gannon in Jordan. First, we visited Michele Da- University, Erie, viau, Wilfrid Laurier University, Wa- PA, nor Jesse terloo, ON at Kh. al-Mudayna in Wadi Long, Lubbock ath-Thamad. She and her team are exca- Christian Univer- vating, on the top of the tell, the Iron II sity, Lubbock, TX, remains, including the gate area. In ad- were at Kh. Iskan- dition, she is investigating a Nabataean dar this season, I building to the northeast of the tell. had the occasion Work on the Tall Madaba Archaeo- to talk with two logical Project, under the directorship of of their co-work- Tim Harrison and his associate directors ers, namely, Bill Debbie Foran and Andrew Graham, all Libby and Hank of the University of Toronto, resumed Squires, about re- Excavation of Area 9000 at the Roman fort at Yotvata, Israel. fi eld work this spring/summer. The construction and work involves the excavation and clear- survey work at the site. thus Gate Cemetery”; and R. Scott, W. ing of a Byzantine villa (?) at the edge of While at ACOR, I had several con- Caraher, and D. Pettigrew (Indiana Uni- the tell and excavation of Iron II and late versations with Barbara Porter about versity of Pennsylvania) – “The Pyla- Iron I remains on the tell. ASOR and CAP. Barbara is an ex-offi - Koutsopetria Archaeological Project.” Sten LaBianca, Andrews Univer- cio member of CAP, and I look forward During the day and at the garden sity, Berrien Springs, MI, was in Jordan to her contribution to its work. party at CAARI that evening I had the while I was there. He talked enthusias- It is always a delight to visit Cyprus chance to meet with most of the partici- tically about the reconstruction work and spend some time at CAARI. On pants, both directors of ASOR/CAP-af- being done at Tall Hisban and carried my arrival there in June I had a fruitful fi liated projects as well as others who out under the direction of Maria Elena conversation with the director, Tom Da- have an interest in ASOR/CAP. Of Ronza. My visit to the site helped me vis, about his involvement in CAP and special interest was my conversation understand his enthusiasm. The pres- the relationship between CAARI and with Ian Todd and Alison South about ent work there involves cleaning up the ASOR. He was particularly interested the progress on the publication of their tell and consolidating and reconstruct- in speaking about the six archaeological “Vasilikos Valley Project.” ing previously excavated remains from projects in Cyprus that are ASOR/CAP The following day Tom took me the Iron I, Iron II, Hellenistic, Roman, affi liated. to visit the site of Falconer’s and Fall’s Byzantine, Ayyubid, and Mamluk peri- On June 24, I attended “The 24th project. In addition, although L. Steele ods. In addition, signs are being put up Annual CAARI Archaeological Work- had not yet arrived in Cyprus to begin throughout the site indicating to visi- shop in Collaboration with the Dept. of her fi eld work for this season, Tom took tors the different architectural features Antiquities Cyprus” that T. Davis mod- me to the site of her fi eld project at Are- represented. As mentioned in my CAP erated. The one-day workshop is an op- diou Vouppes, a possible Late Bronze report for 2005, the U.S. Ambassador’s portunity for archaeologists in Cyprus Age farming settlement located on the Fund grant is providing the fi nancial re- to come together and share their most northern fl anks of the Troodos moun- sources for the work as well as for that recent fi ndings. It is fast-paced, but it tains. of the consolidation of the Pre-Pottery allows participants to meet with col- continued on page 4

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 3 While at CAARI I visited the site of In late June, I made a two-day visit ASOR/CAP matters. We spoke in gen- St. George’s Hill, just up the street and to Syria to meet with Rudy Dornemann eral about CAP and in particular about across from the center. This gave me the and his team at the site of the “Tell Qar- where its future lies within ASOR. The opportunity to speak with Despo Pilides, qur Excavations,” a project that has been matters discussed will be addressed at the director of the work and a staff mem- affi liated with ASOR/CAP since 1983– CAP’s next meeting, scheduled during ber of the Department of Antiquities Cy- 1984. Dornemann, former ASOR Execu- the ASOR Annual Meetings in Novem- tive Director, reports to ber in Washington, D.C. CAP for the Damascus Sy and his team of researchers Committee while his are making great progress on the Tel Associate Director, Jes- Miqne/Ekron publications, and a num- se Casana (University ber of his fi eld people were at the Al- of Arkansas, Fayette- bright for the summer to push forward ville), is a member of with the work. CAP. While continuing Jodi Magness, University of North to excavate in several Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Gwyn Da- fi elds on both the tell vies, Florida International University, and in the surrounding had completed their fi eld work at the fi elds, they are also car- Roman fort Yotvata, north of Aila, before rying out geophysical my arrival. However, I was able to meet surveys, using mag- with a number of their team who were netic gradiometry and at the Albright during my stay there. Excavation of a whole fl ask found in situ at the Roman fort at ground penetrating ra- I visited with Susan Cohen, Mon- Yotvata, Israel. dar, in the same areas. tana State University, Bozeman, and her prus. I attended her presentations on the I had the opportunity to renew ac- team at Tel Zahara in the north Jordan site in both 2005 and 2006, and now I was quaintances with many of the Tall Qa- Valley. The architectural remains at the able to see the actual fi eld work! rqur staff, a large number of whom are site are mostly Roman, but it appears One of the advantages of visiting either teaching or studying at ASOR that there are Middle Bronze Age graves any of the in-country institutes is to have institutional members. And it is always present as well. The latter are of particu- the opportunity to meet and discuss wonderful to meet with the many grad- lar interest to Susan and her team! ASOR matters with the many gradu- uate students who make a great deal My visit to Tel Kedesh in Israel’s ate students who are working on either of the North American involvement in northeast was not successful. I was not their M.A. or Ph.D. degrees and doing Near Eastern archaeology possible. able to fi nd anyone at the segment of the their research work at the centers. It is In early July, I was in Israel for the site I visited. Apparently, I had visited always heartening to learn that many third year in a row on ASOR/CAP-re- the wrong part of the site, and despite of these students, whether from North lated matters. Sy Gitin, Albright Di- my efforts to fi nd someone to give me America or Europe, will give papers at rector, is always a wonderful host and directions I was unable to locate Sharon upcoming ASOR Annual Meetings. has great knowledge of and interest in Herbert, University of Michigan, Ann continued on page 7 continued from page 2 above and beyond the call of duty. Thus age all to examine the list of “benefi ts” of of membership will evolve as a result of ASOR owes a sincere thank you to Bil- Institutional Membership. In particular, modifi cations in the by-laws that (by the lie Jean Collins, Chris Madell, and Katie we have added a new one that includes time this letter is published) are avail- Chaple for all their help over the years ten $250 fellowships for students pre- able on ASOR’s Web site. Steve Ortiz, and especially in this last year. We are senting papers at the Annual Meeting. I as chair of the Individual Membership also grateful to the good and hard work would like to thank Eric and Carol Mey- Committee, and his committee will be being done by our current interim pub- ers for their generosity in funding these working on ways of enhancing mem- lications manager, Trina Arpin. fellowships. Rules and parameters for bership so that ASOR continues to build ASOR cannot rest on its laurels, and future applications to these fellowships and serve the needs of its membership. growing our membership is one area we will be discussed at the Annual Meeting Our goal is to make the Member- are trying to expand. One goal for this in the Institution Members meeting and ship meetings a time when the members year is to bring ten more Institutional the Institutional Membership Commit- can learn more about what is happening Members to the organization. Thus far tee meeting. in ASOR, provide the Executive Com- we would like to welcome, or welcome P. E. MacAllister and Joe Seger have mittee with feedback about changes in back, to the Institutional fold: George been active in creating new types of ASOR, and help us build for the future. Washington University, University of membership for those who are interest- LaVerne, and the University of Pennsyl- ed in archaeology but may not be as con- Sincerely, vania. There are a few more institutions cerned about the professional aspects of Tammi J. Schneider on the verge of joining, and we encour- the organization. Some of the categories Vice President for Membership

4 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 Join the American Schools of Oriental Research this November 15–18, 2006 for our Annual Meeting at the Capital Hilton, Washington, DC

This Year’s Wednesday Plenary Session New Featured Themes:

Matthew Bogdanos The Incense Trade Route (Colonel in the United States Marine Reserves) Current Issues in Palestinian Thieves of Baghdad: Archaeological and Cultural One Marine’s Passion to Recover Heritage Management the World’s Greatest Treasures The Transition from the Late Bronze to the Iron Age at Megid- Friday do and the North Presidential Forum Archaeology of Lebanon

Excavating ASOR The Bioarchaeology of the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean

Forty-two Paper and fi ve Workshop Sessions on the Also of note: Archaeology of the Ancient • Junior Scholars Luncheon with a discussion about open Near East from Prehistoric and accessible scholarly communication in Near Eastern Times to the Ottoman Era. Studies. • A public lecture at the Smithsonian on Thursday night about • Iraq • Israel recent archaeological discoveries in Jerusalem. • Syria • Jordan • Cyprus • Turkey • Teachers Workshop on daily life and trade in the ancient • Iran • Arabia Near East, focusing on the Bronze and Iron Age periods. See you in Washington, DC! For more information and updates, visit our website at www.asor.org/AM/am.htm

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 5 ASOR NEWS

LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

time dependent. The membership only meets Eric Meyers, ASOR President once a year and the Board twice a year, and the Executive Committee has been meeting four DEAR ASOR MEMBER: times a year. The MC has been meeting week- ly now for almost a year, and it is this kind of ur Annual Meeting in Washington this leadership that can only be assumed by a full- year turns out to be one of the most im- time Executive Director in the future. Thus far Oportant ones in recent years. A number budgetary constraints have not allowed us to of crucial issues will come before us that will go forward with a search and appointment of chart ASOR’s course for the near future and per- a permanent individual, and we are merely haps longer term. I think you will have to agree holding things together in a temporary way. In that your new leadership team through Tammi this connection we have been exploring ways Schneider (Vice President for Membership) to make the Annual Meeting more convenient and myself has made every effort to keep you for members who cannot attend both the ASOR well informed through electronic mailings and others means and SBL meetings for more than the weekend plus one day. of communication. Everyone on the Board and each offi cer is We are looking at a better overlap with SBL since AAR will committed to having a full and open dialogue with you on the be splitting up from SBL next year and such an opening will future course of our society, which for so long has served as not happen again for many years. The ASOR old-timers like the epicenter for all major discussions and announcements of myself will remember that ASOR was a cosponsor for many scientifi c breakthroughs in Near Eastern archaeology. While years of the joint AAR-SBL convention, and I can assure you ASOR’s Management Committee (MC) has been working as- that every effort is being made to preserve ASOR’s individu- siduously on keeping in close touch with the Boston offi ce staff ality and special identity. But our old ways have come at a and riding herd on a very tight budget, it has not been easy high cost too, and hotel charges, required food expenditures, with the current group located in so many different places. As and the like have made doing things as before most diffi cult. of this writing the MC is composed of yours truly, P. E. MacAl- Of course, if we can raise money like we did last year in an lister, Joe Seger, and Andy Vaughn, who recently replaced B. emergency situation we can do a lot of things, but the current W. Ruffner as our offi cial liaison to the Boston offi ce. In this leadership team is trying very hard to put ASOR back on a vein, I am pleased to announce that Andy will take a leave sound fi nancial footing so that its Annual Meeting, Publica- of absence from his position at Gustavus Adolphus College tions, and other core functions can operate without fear of in Minnesota after this semester and will serve as Interim lack of adequate resources. Executive Director from January 1 to June 30, 2007. In view of In the course of visiting ASOR and working with staff, the uncertainties facing ASOR with respect to our lease status we have discovered that ASOR archives are a rich source of at Boston University and in terms of our shaky budgetary archaeological history, and some tidbits will be presented situation, the MC in consultation with the Board is unable to this year at the Presidential Forum on Friday evening. Ra- do more than this at the moment. As the smoke clears in the chel Hallote has been asked by the Board to prepare a plan spring, hopefully ASOR will be able to plan for a permanent for their proper safekeeping as a true archive and to explore solution to its management problems. In this connection Andy ways of working on them for research purposes. Rachel is has offered to step down as head of ASOR Publications for the well qualifi ed to do this in light of her recent work on Bliss. short term so that he will not have any confl ict of interest issues We have also explored ways of taking advantage of members’ and also so that he will be able to resume that post in FY 08 if collections of archaeological materials, and we think we have he chooses to do so. a corporate sponsor to help us bring this to reality. Since the As you can see ASOR is in a real period of transition, and fi nancial requirements for doing this are in the 7-digit range it we have the unique opportunity now to solve some of its is still too soon to say whether we can succeed in doing this or long-term problems. Some of these have come to your atten- not. I hope that I will be able to report on our progress in this tion already and concern the rewriting of the bylaws, which area in a future newsletter. has been done under the expert leadership of Eric Cline of continued on page 7 George Washington University (Vice President for Gover- ance). The changes are intended to enable ASOR to better ac- complish its goals in every area and to make it possible for More ASOR News on page 8 the society to react and solve issues and problems that are

6 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 continued from page 6 the move to Boston. All these problems should be addressed Our Annual Meeting once again promises to be the best by the time of the annual meeting. Thanks to the efforts of edi- ever. Many thanks go to CAMP chair Rachel Hallote and Pro- tors Jim Weinstein and Piotr Michalowski, BASOR and JCS gram Committee co-chairs Yorke Rowan and Jennie Ebeling. continue to be leading academic journals, and both journals As a result of a large number of excellent proposals, we had are being produced “on time.” The progress with catching to move to 5 concurrent sessions for much of the meeting. up NEA has been slower than we had hoped, and the prog- Registrations are ahead of last year, and the hotel facilities are ress was hindered by the move of the publications offi ce to excellent. There are several special and plenary sessions on Boston. However, under the able leadership of editor Sandra the schedule as well as the opportunity to take advantage of Scham, we are fi nally starting to catch up, and we should be meeting in close proximity to the Smithsonian. I look forward “up-to-date” with NEA by the middle of 2007. to seeing you all at the meeting! As you can see from this letter, we are making progress I am also pleased to report that progress is also being on many fronts, but there is also room for progress, and we made with ASOR publications. The move of the Publications need the help of all our members to make sure that ASOR offi ce from Atlanta to Boston caused some complications, but has a fi rm footing for the future. ASOR needs to have another we are addressing those and are now benefi ting from some year in terms of fund-raising like last year in order to provide reduced costs. We are also pleased to welcome Dr. Trina Ar- this solid foundation and to build for the future. I urge ev- pin to the ASOR staff as interim publications manager. Trina ery one of you to be as generous as you can be for FY 07. We took over from Britt Hartenberger this summer, who resigned have depended in the past on too few individuals and have to accept a teaching appointment at Yale University. Under now before us the challenge of securing support for the next Trina’s leadership, we are addressing some problems with generation. our membership and fulfi llment services that occurred with

PUBLIC LECTURE IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE ASOR ANNUAL MEETING Archaeology in Jerusalem has never been more exciting. Recent Archaeological In a rare visit to the U.S., eminent archaeologist Ronny Reich of the University of Haifa comes to the Smithson- Discoveries in Jerusalem ian to share discoveries from his last two years of excava- tion in Jerusalem. by Reich fi rst presents fi ndings from near the spring Gihon, dated to the late 9th century BC, the days of the Kingdom Ronny Reich of Judah. He then discusses his continuing excavation at the Pool of Siloam of the 1st century AD, where Jesus healed the blind man. A wide paved esplanade in the same area is also revealing new information about this extraor- 7:00pm Thursday, November 16, 2006 dinary site. Smithsonian Reich is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Location to be announced Haifa and has excavated in Jerusalem for more than 30 years.

Smithsonian and ASOR Members $15 (please bring your ASOR badges), Senior Members $13, General Public $25 Please see the ASOR website for more details. continued from page 4 Forth Worth, TX, and Sam Wolf, Israel through. It is here that one often learns Arbor, and Andrea Berlin, University of Antiquities Authority, showed me their about work—both at the fi eld and pub- Minnesota, Minneapolis. work on the Iron II casemate wall. In ad- lication stage—of several projects. My plans for a visit with Eric Cline, dition, they indicated the areas of the site The ASOR/CAP tour does provide The George Washington University, where they appear to be coming down the chair of CAP with many opportuni- Washington, D.C., and an ASOR Vice on Late Bronze destruction materials. ties to meet dig directors who were fre- President, at the site of Tel Kabri in According to Sy Gitin, this cooperation quently just a name previously. There is northwestern Israel were also stymied. at Gezer between an American academic also the chance to get to know the areas The excavations had been shut down and a senior member of the IAA is what where work is taking place. Later, when before my arrival! the future of American archaeological I read applications for ASOR/CAP affi li- I had a very fruitful visit to Tel Gezer, work in Israel is going to be like. ation and reports on the projects, I have a site at which I dug as a volunteer in The Albright garden always pro- a much better appreciation of what the 1970. Codirectors Steve Ortiz, South- vides an opportunity to meet with those work entails. ASOR is, indeed, represent- western Baptist Theological Seminary, either staying at the institute or passing ed by the member(s) of the CAP tour.

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 7 IN MEMORIAM SIMON B. PARKER — 1940–2006

imon B. Parker, a School of Theology expressed with prudent qualifi cations and sible use can it be, they wonder, to spend a and Graduate School of Arts and Sci- exquisite sensitivity to the diffi culties of in- life becoming a world authority on Ugarit- Sences professor at Boston University, terpreting some of the evidence. ic language and literature? Such questions who specialized in the Hebrew Bible, died In refl ecting on this in the days since are themselves symptoms of a disease: we on April 29 from a brain hemorrhage. For his death, I realized that that conversation live in a time and place in which the fra- over twenty years Dr. Parker served as could have taken place at any time in the gility of civilization, that great work of a Boston University’s ASOR Institutional last nearly 40 years. I realized that in fact thousand human generations and more, is Representative. We would like to share Simon had been instructing me ever since being disregarded or forgotten. with you the eulogy Dr. Jon Westling de- we met as very junior assistant profes- The etiology of this disease is cap- livered at Dr. Parker’s memorial service at sors at Reed College in 1968. And I do not tured in a haunting passage in Brave New March Chapel on May 5, 2006. mean just about the languages of the an- World. The speaker is the Resident Con- cient Near East or about the textual histo- troller for Western Europe, one of the ma- any people—students, journal- ry and interpretation of the Hebrew Bible. lign technocratic oligarchs of the world in ists, the public—generally believe As much as I have learned from him about the year 632 AF. (After Ford): Mthat colleges and universities are these and other specifi c matters, there was “[Y]ou all remember, I suppose, that awash in scholars. This is a useful fi ction. beautiful and inspired saying of Our But among ourselves—here, today, in this Ford’s: History is bunk. History,” he place, as we mourn the death and remem- repeated slowly, “is bunk.” He waved ber the life of Simon Parker—it is better to his hand; and it was as though, with say the modest truth: that real scholars are an invisible feather whisk, he had rare, among the rarest products of civiliza- brushed away a little dust; and the tion, and that no university can bear with dust was Harappa, was Ur of the equanimity the loss of even one. Chaldees; some spider-webs, and they Simon was a true scholar. The virtue of were Thebes and Babylon and Cnos- the scholar is not merely learning; we live sos and Mycenae. Whisk, whisk— in a world in which many people (many and where was Odysseus, where was machines, for that matter) amass large Job, where were Jupiter and Gotama amounts of information. Nor is it that less and Jesus? Whisk—and those specks common characteristic, the love of learn- of antique dirt called Athens and ing. A love of learning is necessary, but Rome, Jerusalem and the Middle it is not suffi cient to make a scholar. No, Kingdom—all were gone. Whisk— the virtue of a scholar is something else: it the place where Italy had been was is the strength of mind and character, the empty. Whisk, the cathedrals; whisk, dogged determination, to do justice to the whisk, King Lear and the Thoughts of thing that one is studying. Pascal. Whisk, Passion; whisk, Requi- To be a scholar means to try never to em; whisk, Symphony; whisk . . . 1 give in to the temptation to go beyond the evidence. Never to let one’s own enthusi- Without living examples to the contrary, asms—personal, political, aesthetic—color always a larger and more important les- it is easy to despair: perhaps civilization the story. Never to become so enamored son being taught. is destined to be a failed experiment after of one’s own hypothesis that inconvenient Whether as a colleague in the fresh- all. But there are examples to the contrary, facts are given less than their proper weight. man humanities course at Reed, or in the and we were blessed to have had among It is so rarely found precisely because it de- President’s and Provost’s offi ces at Boston us one of the fi nest. mands a special sort of self-abnegation, the University, or at lunches, parties, picnics, Without rancor, without arrogance, willingness to put truth ahead of self. and dinners at Sonia and Simon’s home or without self-serving, Simon stood un- No one who knew Simon could doubt at ours, or in unplanned chats when we’d fl inchingly against those who think that we that he was this kind of scholar. It was, of meet by chance on campus, or when he have somehow created ourselves, and that course, there in his books and articles and could be persuaded to play the piano (I technology by itself can produce worth. lectures. But it was also manifest in his ev- discovered that a little wine was often an Against those who would wield the whisk, eryday conversation, in the rugged good effective adjunct to the process of persua- Simon helped to teach us that the ability to sense and shining fairness with which sion), in discussions about books or music remember, to understand, to pass the past even small issues were treated. or England or politics or kids, in watching achievements of our species on to future The last time Simon and I spoke was him play with Jonathan and Jeremy when generations, and to learn from our past ten days ago. I had just been teaching the they were young or talking with his father mistakes, is precisely what makes us hu- Gospels to my sophomore students in the when he was old, whatever the setting, in man; and that doing justice to that legacy is Core Curriculum, and so, among the many season and out, what Simon was showing among the highest of our human callings. things that we discussed during that lunch, me—and showing all of us—was what it In Simon’s presence, the hope of a civ- I asked him a question about the spread meant to live a virtuous and fulfi lling life ilized life seemed not just possible again, of Aramaic into Palestine in the centuries as a civilized person and as a scholar. but actual. before Jesus’ birth. I received (as I knew There are those who fi nd the need for This was—and is—his princely gift to us. I would) an answer of crystalline clarity, such exemplars mysterious. Of what pos- Jon Westling 1 Aldous Huxley, Brave New World Modern Library (1932; repr. New York, 1946), 38-39. 8 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 2006 Annual Meeting Information Washington, D.C. November 15-18

Please see our Annual Meeting web page for detailed schedules, information on housing and transportation and online registration forms for the meeting and hotel: http://www.asor.org/AM/am.htm

Housing Registration Desk On-Site

Accommodations are available at the conference hotel, The ASOR registration desk will be located in the foy- the Capital Hilton, 1001 16th Street NW, Washington, DC er on the second level of the hotel. All those preregistered 20036. You must make your reservation directly with the should come to the ASOR registration desk to pick up the hotel by either calling (202) 393-1000, faxing (202) 639-5784, fi nal meeting program and abstract book. or reserving online via our website. If you call the hotel, Registration desk hours will be: identify yourself as part of the “American Schools of Ori- Wednesday 15 Nov 4pm to 7pm ental Research” meeting in order to receive the reduced Thursday 16 Nov 8am to 5pm rate. Rooms are available on a fi rst-come, fi rst-served basis. Friday 17 Nov 8am to 5pm Cancellations must be made with the hotel at least 24 hours Saturday 18 Nov 8am to 2pm prior to the arrival to secure a full refund. The hotel is located just north of the White House near Dupont Circle and the “K Street” area of Washington, DC. For Students Two Metro stops are in short walking distance from the ho- tel: the Farragut West and McPherson Square stops are both Once again student members and recent Ph.Ds active in less than four blocks from the hotel. The Metro runs directly ASOR will have an opportunity to meet together formally from Ronald Reagan National Airport to these stops and for lunch. Watch the Annual Meeting web page for more costs only a few dollars. Taxis and shuttles are available at information on “Sandwiches and Small Talk: Near Eastern Ronald Reagan National Airport, Dulles International Air- Archaeological Scholarship—Open and Accessible in the port, and Baltimore-Washington Airport. Super Shuttle is 21st Century.” The American Council of Learned Societies also available at all local airports; the service costs usually (ACLS) recently called upon university counsels, boards of range between $30–$9, depending on the airport. Reserva- trustees, and provosts “to provide aggressive support for tions can be made ahead of time by calling 1-800-BLUE the principles of fair use and open access, and to promote VAN (202-258-3826) or (202) 296-6662, or at the airport at awareness and use of Creative Commons licenses.” At the their pick-up stations in front of the transportation lane out- Junior Scholars Lunch, we will discuss these changes and side. See the “Hotel and Washington, DC.” link on our web how junior researchers can best position themselves to prof- page for more details. it from this important transition toward open scholarship. We will also launch the “Junior Scholar Open Archaeology Pre-Registration Prize,” a new initiative to build awareness of open access re- search and enhance the prestige and community recognition Save up to $20 and avoid on-site registration lines by of open scholarly communication. Please check the ASOR preregistering for the meeting. Complete the enclosed pre- web page where new details on this lunch will be posted. registration form or use a credit card and fi ll out the se- cure online form. Your registration fee entitles you to par- Special Evening Programs ticipate in all the academic sessions, the ASOR Welcome In the opening Plenary session on Wednesday night and President’s Receptions, and the Plenary Session. All Matthew Bogdanos (Colonel in the United States Marine Re- refunds of preregistration payments must be requested in serves) will speak on his involvement with the recovery of writing or by e-mail by November 10, 2006 and will be as- Iraq’s antiquities after the looting of the Baghdad Museum. sessed an administrative fee. Following Col. Bogdanos’s lecture there will be a reception and a signing of his new book “Thieves of Baghdad: One Ma- rine’s Passion to Recover the World’s Greatest Treasures.”

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 9 The 4th Annual Presidential Forum “Excavating Outreach Programs ASOR” will turn our attention to ASOR’s past as we hear several short presentations that highlight the discovery of A special public lecture will be held Thursday night, the Dead Sea Scrolls and ASOR’s involvement in their pub- Nov. 16, at the Smithsonian Institute, featuring Dr. Ronny lication and dissemination, as well as provide highlights of Reich (University of Haifa). Dr. Reich will spend the eve- ASOR’s history from a new exploration into our archives. ning discussing the “Recent Archaeological Discoveries in Speakers include: Jerusalem.” Registered ASOR Annual Meeting participants will receive a discounted admission fee of $15. Registration Eric Meyers, President of ASOR, will offer a glimpse into is required and can be made ahead of time by calling the some memorable moments in ASOR’s past. Smithsonian (202) 252-0012 or e-mailing CustomerService@ Westin Field, President of the Dead Sea Scrolls Founda- ResidentAssociates.org. tion, will offer insights into his ongoing work on the “au- Elementary and High School teachers will have the op- thorized” history of the Dead Sea Scrolls. portunity to learn how archaeologists have reconstructed the ancient history of the Near East. The Teacher’s Work- George Kiraz—a longtime ASOR exhibitor, Syriac scholar, shop “Daily Life and Trade in the Ancient Near East: What and founder and publisher of Gorgias Press, whose father Archaeology Can Tell Us,” sponsored by ASOR and The was involved with the purchase of some of the Dead Sea Smithsonian Institution, will be held on Nov. 17, at the De- Scrolls—will tell us of his father’s involvement and de- partment of Anthropology Rose Seminar, Room 339, Smith- scribe his recent work on the subject. sonian Institution. The all-day workshop for teachers in the Washington DC area will feature a program that focuses on Rachel Hallote, SUNY-Purchase, ASOR CAMP chair, has the Bronze and Iron Age periods in Jordan and the Medi- worked on archival material for her recent book on Fred- terranean, through lectures, online educational activities, erick Bliss, published by Gorgias Press, and will describe and lesson plans. This workshop is part of a continuing a few ASOR archives items. effort to encourage teachers to include Near Eastern ar- chaeology in their curriculum. Participants in the teachers’ New Sessions and Themes workshop will learn how to use archaeological methods to analyze artifacts in order to answer research questions. New sessions this year include: This workshop is sponsored by ASOR’s Outreach Commit- The Incense Trade Route tee and requires separate registration. For more informa- tion on participating, please contact Ann Kaupp at (202) Current Issues in Palestinian Archaeological and Cultural 633-1917. Heritage Management Program and Abstracts The Transition from the Late Bronze to the Iron Age at Megiddo and the North The following pages detail the academic program for the meeting. Complete listings including paper titles and Archaeology of Lebanon authors’ and presiders’ complete names and affi liations The Bioarchaeology of the Near East and may be found on the Annual Meeting web page. The Ab- Eastern Mediterranean stract Book is also available online. Both the fi nal meeting program and abstract book will be available at the registra- Our existing sessions will cover recent research in Cy- tion desk throughout the annual meeting. The ASOR web prus, Israel, and Jordan as well as Syria, Mesopotamia, Ara- page with meeting details can be found at www.asor.org/ bia, and Anatolia, from prehistoric times to the Ottoman era. AM/am.htm.

Academic sessions co-sponsored with ASOR at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature:

Sunday, 19 November — 9:00–11:30 am For other sessions at SBL that might be of interest to S19–22: Literature and History of the Persian Period ASOR members, visit Theme: Judah’s Neighbors under Persian Rule http://www.sbl-site.org/Congresses/Congresses_ Co-Sponsored with ASOR’s Persian Period in the Levant Session ProgramBook.aspx?MeetingId=4 D. Vanderhooft, Presiding and use the search function for a particular session or R. Reich, I. Stern, A. Lemaire, S. R. Martin, J. Nitschke simply hit the “submit” button for the entire program.

10 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 ASOR Annual Meeting 2006 Academic Program Wednesday–Thursday

Wednesday 15 November

7:00–8:30pm Current Issues in Palestinian Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Management Plenary Session R. Sauders and A. Yahya Presiding R. Hallote Presiding R. Sauders, A. Yahya, S. al-Houdalieh, O. Hamdan, I. Sarie’, Matthew Bogdanos (Colonel in the US Marine Reserves), R. Greenberg “Thieves of Baghdad: One Marine’s Passion to Recover the World’s Greatest Treasures” Material Culture in Ottoman Syro-Palestine (Bilad es-Sham) — Theme: Ottoman Period Ceramics Thursday 16 November B. de Vries and Ø. LaBianca Presiding M. Avissar, M. Abu Khalaf, B. Walker, R. Gabrieli, H. Salem 8:30–10:30am The Incense Trade Route 2:00–4:00pm M. Jasmin and Y. Thareani-Sussely Presiding Reports on Current Excavations – ASOR-Affi liated I M. Jasmin, G. Plisson, U. Avner, Y. Thareani-Sussely M. Lawson Pruitt Presiding B. MacDonald, R. Arav, S. Cohen, A. Yasur-Landau, Archaeology of Mesopotamia I K. Mattingly P. Michalowski Presiding P. Michalowski, M.Tanret, D. Owen, R. Zettler The World of Women: Gender and Archaeology Archaeology of Cyprus I B. Alpert Nakhai Presiding D. Counts Presiding A. Karmel Thomason, C. Bergoffen, C. Ehrlich, H. Katz, P. Kardulias, S. Stewart, K. Fisher, L. Hitchcock M. Schuler

Hebrew Bible, History, and Archaeology I Individual Submissions I D. Browning and D. Manor Presiding L. Mazow Presiding J. Cahill, D. Maltsberger, A. Maeir, A. Faust, A. Rainey A. Greener, K. McGeough, L. Mazow, E. Maher, A. McKinney Dehnisch New Technologies and Their Uses in Archaeology [Poster Session] Culture-Contact in the Persian Levant R. Root and G. Christopherson Presiding S. R. Martin Presiding J. Harrison, F. Schipper J. Cataldo, S. R. Martin, A. Brown, C. H. Roosevelt

Art and Artifacts of the Ancient Near East — Context, Archaeology of Syria Content, Contacts M. W. Chavalas Presiding E. Friedland and M. Feldman Presiding J. Ur, A. Smith, M. Danti, R. L. Zettler, R. Dornemann, S. Costello, M. Eppihimer, E. Guralnick, A. Baadsgaard, J. Casana L. Roller 4:15–6:15pm 10:45am–12:45pm Reports on Current Excavations – ASOR-Affi liated II M. Lawson Pruitt Presiding Archaeology of Mesopotamia II G. Davies, T. Harrison, B. Janeway, R. J. Bull, L. Herr R. Zettler Presiding A. Petty, J. Scurlock, S. Reed, J. Szuchman, E. Stone Problems in the Archaeology of Central Transjordan Archaeology of Cyprus II A. J. Graham Presiding D. Counts Presiding S. Klassen, J. Pace, G. Linton, D. Rohl, G. Mattingly L. Alpe, G. Bazemore, N. Harper, D. Pettegrew, J. Schryver Ancient Inscriptions Hebrew Bible, History, and Archaeology II C. Rollston and A. Azzoni Presiding D. Browning and D. Manor Presiding A. Azzoni, N. Hirschfeld, C. Haberl, R. Byrne, C. Rollston G. Arbino, M. VanZant, J. Iatesta, I. Shai

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 11 ASOR Annual Meeting 2005 Academic Program Thursday–Friday

Individual Submissions II Prehistoric Archaeology E. Bloch-Smith Presiding G. O. Rollefson and A. Nowell Presiding E. Lapp, A. Bullock, K. Galor, M. Zimmerman, H. Nur el-Din S. Shidrang, M. Neeley, J. Peterson, A. H. Simmons, G. O. Rollefson

Artifacts: The Inside Story Maritime/Nautical Issues E. S. Friedman Presiding A. Brody and E. Marcus Presiding D. Adan-Bayewitz, E. S. Friedman, M. Notis, A. Feuerbach B. Foley, J. Leidwanger, Z. Friedman, A. Catsambis

7:00 pm The Transition from the Late Bronze to the Iron Age Public Lecture at the Smithsonian with Ronny Reich at Megiddo and the North Recent Archaeological Discoveries in Jerusalem E. H. Cline and I. Finkelstein Presiding D. Ussishkin, E. Arie, N. Franklin, A. Gilboa, E. Cline, I.Finkelstein

Friday 17 November 2:00–4:00pm Egypt and Canaan II 8:30–10:30am M. Hasel Presiding The Ethics of Collecting and Communicating R. Gillam, J. R. Chadwick, W. Crist, P. Feinman the Near Eastern Past P. Gerstenblith, E. Herscher and M. Kersel Presiding Landscape Archaeology R. Hallote, C. Luke, M. Lucey-Roper B. Saidel Presiding S. A. Rosen, J. Jones, A. Burke, C. Cohen Stuart, Workshop on the Roman Aqaba Project M. Haiman, M. Peilstocker, A. McCarthy, S. E. Alcock S. T. Parker Presiding J. Stumpf, J. McDaniel, S. T. Parker The Bioarchaeology of the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean The Archaeology of Israel – New Developments M. A. Perry Presiding G. Avni Presiding M. A. Perry, J. C. Rose, B. Baker, L. Gregoricka, S. G. Y. Tepper, L. Di Segni, R. Reich, M. Eisenberg, M. Fischer Sheridan, J. Ullinger, S. Fox

Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Workshop of Caesarea Maritima I Remote Sensing, and Archaeology K. G. Holum Presiding G. L. Christopherson Presiding K. Gleason, E. Amos, P. Gendelman, R. Gersht J. Pincus Ben-Avraham, S. Parcak, R. Cargill, G. L. Christopherson, J. Barghouth 4:15–6:15pm Workshop on Caesarea Maritima II ETANA Workshop I K. Gleason Presiding J. W. Flanagan, D. R. Clark Presiding H. Sivan, K. G. Holum, J. Stabler E. Fox, R. Shen, N. Srinivas Vemuri, W. Fan, L. Cantara, J. Eustis, J. W. Flanagan, D. R. Clark, R. da S. Torres Current Excavations Non-ASOR Affi liated D. Ilan Presiding 10:45am–12:45pm R. Reich, O. Lipschits, S. Muenger, M. Toumazou, K. Galor, Egypt and Canaan I A. Fantalkin K. L. Younger, Jr. Presiding M. Hasel, R. Hess, C. Duff, J. K. Hoffmeier Ancient Mediterranean Trade B. M. Gittlen Presiding Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches to Near C. Aznar, M. Feldman, A. M. Arruda Eastern and Eastern Mediterranean Art and Archaeology S. K. Costello, L. Hitchcock, and A. P. McCarthy Presiding Material Culture in Ottoman Syro-Palestine M. Canepa, Ø. LaBianca, A. Sasson, K. Croucher, E. Miller B. de Vries, B. Walke,r and Ø. LaBianca Presiding W. Kawar, S. de Vries, S. Belger Krody, V. Tamari, H. Salem

12 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 ASOR Annual Meeting 2005 Academic Program Saturday

Saturday 19 November

8:30–10:30am 10:45am–12:45pm Archaeology of Lebanon The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East J. L. Nitschke Presiding D. Foran and A. Eger Presiding H. Sader, C. Doumet Serhal, N. Boksmati, B. Fischer-Genz C. Toskay-Evrin, C. Swan, J. Ferguson, M. Hawari, G. Avni, A. Walmsley Archaeology of Anatolia I: Current Work J. C. Ross Presiding Archaeology of Anatolia II S. R. Steadman, S. Branting, Y. Nishimura, A. Creekmore, S. R Steadman Presiding C. Painter M. Schwartz, T. Matney, P. Zimansky, S. E. Kroll, J. Davis- Kimball Archaeology of Religion and the Sacred I A. Cohen Presiding Archaeology of Jordan Y. Rowan, A. Keinan, S. Tricoli, K. Bramlett, A. Limmer L.-A. Bedal Presiding M. Ibrahim, J. D’Angelo, M. Weigl, R. Chadwick, M. Sharp- Arabia Joukowsky, J. Ramsa D. Graf Presiding S. Farès-Drappeau, M. B. Reeves, W. Ward, L. DeCarlo Archaeology of Religion and the Sacred II Y. Rowan Presiding ETANA Workshop II A. Dolan, P. M. Michèle Daviau, T. Fries, J. F. Strange E. Fox and L. Cantara Presiding

ASOR Annual Meeting 2006 Business Meetings

Wednesday 3:30–5:00pm Committee on Annual Meeting & Program (CAMP) 8:30–10:30am AIAR Fellowships Committee 3:00–3:30pm Lindstrom Fellows Organizational Meeting 8:30–10:30am ASOR Executive & Finance Committee 5:00–6:00pm Program Committee (CAMP) 10:30–12:00pm AIAR Executive Committee 6:00–7:00pm Regional Affi liations Committee 12:45–2:00pm Madaba Plains Project Staff Consultation 8:30–10:30pm Welcome Reception 1:30–4:30pm AIAR Board of Trustees 2:00–4:00pm CAARI Executive Committee Thursday 2:00–6:00pm ACOR Board of Trustees 7:00–8:30am Bulletin of ASOR (BASOR) Editorial Board 4:00–6:30pm ASOR Committee on Publications (COP) 7:00–8:30am Near Eastern Archaeology (NEA) Editorial Board 4:00–6:30pm ASOR Committee on Archaeological Policy (CAP) 7:00–8:30am Consultation of Dig Directors in Jordan 4:15–6:15pm ASOR Institutional Member Representatives 7:00–8:30am ASOR Saudi Arabia Committee 6:00–7:00pm CAARI Reception 10:45am–12:45pm Committee on Unprovenanced Texts 7:00–8:30pm Presidential Forum 12:45-2:00pm Madaba Plains Project Reception 8:30–10:00pm President’s Reception & Presentation of Awards 12:45-2:00pm Student Association Luncheon Saturday 12:45-2:00pm Discussion on Governance & Membership Issues 2:00–4:00pm ASOR Development Committee 7:00–8:30am ASOR Members Meeting 2:00–4:00pm ASOR Baghdad Committee 8:00am–4:00pm CAARI Board of Trustees 7:00–8:00pm Public Lecture at the Smithsonian 8:30–9:30am ASOR Membership Committee – Combined 8:30am–12:30pm Tell el Hesi Board & Publications Committee Friday 9:30–10:30am ASOR Membership Committee 7:00–8:30am Outreach Committee 12:45pm–2:00pm Program Committee 7:00–8:30am ASOR Honors and Awards Committee 2:00–5:00pm ASOR Board of Trustees 7:00–8:30am ASOR Lecture Series Committee 2:00–4:00pm ASOR Canada 8:30–10:30am ASOR Damascus Committee 4:00–5:30pm AIAR NEH Fellowships Committee

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 13 2006 ASOR ANNUAL MEETING REGISTRATION NOVEMBER 15 - 18 Š WASHINGTON, D.C. Preregistration Deadline: November 1, 2006

MEMBER ID # ______Or MEMBER INSTITUTION NAME ______

ˆ Check box if you have applied for membership in the past 30 days

Last Name ______First Name ______Institution (for name badge) ______Mailing Address ______City ______State _____ Postal Code ______Country ______Home Tel. ______Work Tel. ______Fax No. ______Email ______

PAYMENT: REGISTRATION FEE [check appropriate ˆ My check or money order payable to ASOR is box(es)]: enclosed in the amount of $______ˆ Please bill my credit card in the amount of ˆ Member Registration $125 $______ˆ Mastercard ˆ Visa ˆ Nonmember Registration $150 ˆ Student Registration $65 Card Number ______ˆ Retired Member$80 ˆ Spouse / Partner Registration $80 Expiration Date ____/_____ S/P’s Name: Zip Code of Billing Address ______S/P’s Institution: Name of Card Holder ______Signature ______One Day (date): ______ˆ Member Registration $70 ˆ Nonmember Registration $50 TAX DEDUCTIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS: ˆ Student Registration $45 ˆ Retired Member $50 ˆ $25 ˆ $100 ˆ Spouse / Partner Registration $50 ˆ $50 ˆ Other $ ______

MAIL FORM TO: ASOR Annual Meeting Preregistration ASOR at Boston University 656 Beacon St., 5th floor Boston, MA 02215-2010 FAX: 617-353-6575

14 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 Institutional Members of ASOR

ASOR would like to thank the following Metropolitan Museum of Art University of Cincinnati Institutional Members for their continuing Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary University of Judaism support which makes it possible to fulfi ll New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary University of Kansas our mission of promoting research into the New York University University of La Verne peoples and cultures of the Near East. North Carolina State University University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Pennsylvania State University University of Michigan American Research Center in Egypt Pepperdine University University of Missouri Andrews University Pittsburgh Theological Seminary University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Asbury Theological Seminary Protestant Episcopal Theological University of Notre Dame Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Seminary in Virginia University of Southern California Baltimore Hebrew University Smith College University of the Holy Land Baptist Bible College & Seminary Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary University of Toronto Baylor University Southern Adventist University University of Victoria Boston College Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Valparaiso University Boston University Southern Methodist University Vanderbilt Divinity School Brigham Young University (Perkins School of Theology) Wake Forest University Brown University Missouri State University Wellesley College Calvin College & Theological Seminary St. Francis Xavier University Wesley Theological Seminary Carroll College SUNY at Binghamton Willamette University Catholic University of America SUNY Buffalo Yale Divinity School Christian Theological Seminary Texas A&M University Claremont Graduate University Trinity Lutheran Seminary New Institutional Members: Cobb Institute of Archaeology University of Arkansas Concordia College George Washington University University of Arizona Concordia Lutheran Seminary Sacred History Society University of California - Los Angeles Concordia Seminary Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary University of California - San Diego, Cornell University Judaic Studies Program Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA University of Chicago Drew University Duke University Dumbarton Oaks ASOR Annual Meeting Junior Scholars Luncheon Emmanuel School of Religion Emory University “Near Eastern Scholarship – Open and Accessible in the 21st Century” Fernbank Museum of Natural History a discussion with Dr. Sarah Whitcher Kansa Gannon University about open and accessible scholarly communication General Theological Seminary Thursday November 16th, 12:45–2:00pm at the F St. Deli, Washington, DC Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary Once again student members and recent Ph.Ds active in ASOR will have an Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary opportunity to meet formally for lunch. The American Council of Learned So- Grace Theological Seminary cieties (ACLS) recently called upon university counsels, boards of trustees, and Harvard Semitic Museum provosts “to provide aggressive support for the principles of fair use and open Illinois Wesleyan University access, and to promote awareness and use of Creative Commons licenses.” At John Carroll University the Junior Scholars Lunch, we will discuss these changes and how junior re- Johns Hopkins University searchers can best position themselves to profi t from this important transition La Sierra University toward open scholarship. We will also launch the “Junior Scholar Open Ar- Loyola Marymount University chaeology Prize,” a new initiative to build awareness of open access research and enhance the prestige and community recognition of open scholarly com- Lutheran School of Theology munication. Please check the ASOR web page where new details on this lunch Lycoming College will be posted. McCormick Theological Seminary

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 15 Sean W. Dever Memorial Prize Awarded ANNOUNCEMENTS

he W. F. Albright Institute of Ar- chaeological Research in Jerusalem is Assistant Professor in Modern Hebrew Literature Tpleased to announce the winner of the Penn State Jewish Studies Program fi fth annual competition for the Sean W. De- and Department of Comparative Literature ver Memorial Prize. This award offers $500 for the best published article or paper pre- enn State announces an assistant professor, tenure-track, position in Modern sented at a conference by a Ph.D. candidate Hebrew Literature seen in its comparative and historical development from in Syro-Palestinian and Biblical Archaeology. Pits revitalization in the nineteenth century to contemporary texts. Preferred Authors may be of any nationality, but the start date fall 2007. Position shared between the Department of Comparative Lit- article or paper must be in English. erature, where tenure will be located, and the Jewish Studies Program. While Penn Last year’s winner was John D. M. State offers an Undergraduate Minor in Hebrew, in which this faculty member Green, Institute of Archaeology, Univer- would participate, the responsibilities of the position are more broadly defi ned. sity College London. His paper was titled They include contributing to the instructional, research, and service missions of “Anklets and the Construction of Gender Jewish Studies; engaging in the development of the Hebrew language curricu- and Age in the Late Bronze and Early Iron lum; and participating in instruction, research, and service in the Comparative Age Southern Levant.” It was presented at Literature graduate and undergraduate programs. Requirements: Ph.D. in He- the 2005 Annual Meetings of the American brew, Comparative Literature, Jewish Studies, or other relevant fi eld; research Schools of Oriental Research, in the “World specializations to include any aspect of modern Hebrew literature in its historical of Women: Gender and Archaeology” ses- and comparative dimensions; relevant teaching experience; native or near-native sion. In addition, it will be published in command of Hebrew and English. Knowledge of one or more other literatures, a forthcoming book, Women in Antiquity, such as Yiddish or Arabic, would also be welcome. Women in Archaeology, edited by S. Hamil- Send letter of application, c.v., and the names and addresses of three refer- ton, R. D. Whitehouse and K. I Wright and ences to Ms. Rhonda Decker, Box O, Jewish Studies Program, 108 Weaver Build- published by UCL Press, London. ing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. The Sean W. Dever Memorial Prize Applications may also be sent by e-mail to [email protected] or by fax to (814) was established in 2001 by Professor Wil- 863-7840. Screening of applications will begin November 15, 2006, although all liam G. Dever and Mrs. Norma Dever in applications will be considered until the position is fi lled. Penn State is commit- memory of their son Sean. ted to affi rmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce. Trustees of The American Schools of Oriental Research

Offi cers Barry Gittlen C. Brian Rose Rachel Hallote Bethany Walker P. E. MacAllister, Jimmy Hardin Edward Wright Chairman of the Board Melody Knowles Randall Younker Eric Meyers , President Øystein LaBianca Lawrence T. Geraty, Past President Ann Killebrew Eric Cline, Honorary Trustees Burton MacDonald Vice President for Governance Frank Moore Cross Carol Meyers Tammi Schneider, Ernest Frerichs Eric Meyers Vice President for Membership Norma Kershaw Beth Alpert Nakhai James F. Strange, Secretary C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky Orlyn Nelson Sheldon Fox, Treasurer George Landes Nader Rastegar Martin Meyerson Austin Ritterspach Trustees Elizabeth Moynihan B.W. Ruffner Kevin O’Connell Gary Arbino Tammi Schneider Gough Thompson, Jr. Elizabeth Bloch-Smith Joe Seger Oded Borowski Susan Sheridan Jennie Ebeling Lydie Shufro Life Trustees Gustave Feissel Stuart Swiny P. E. MacAllister Nan Frederick Andrew Vaughn Richard Scheuer

16 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 AIAR Fellowship Reports 2005–2006

The Iron Age Cemetery at Tell Halif were originally intended for only one burial and later under- went changes to include multiple burials. Because the tombs Oded Borowski were disturbed either in antiquity or in modern times, no Emory University clear stratigraphy could be defi ned; however, the materials recovered provide some indications concerning burial proce- Annual Professor dures. Tomb design and certain ceramic vessels suggest that the burial procedures involved the preparation of the body, uring my tenure as Annual most likely including washing it with water. Professor (2005–2006) at the My stay at the Albright greatly facilitated the completion DAlbright Institute, my research of my research. The staff was tremendously helpful. Being project was “The Iron Age Cemetery at at the Albright allowed me to locate and examine materials Tell Halif.” The goal was to analyze the fi nds and prepare the I needed for my project and provided me with opportunities materials for publication in the Lahav Research Project (LRP) to meet with scholars who have similar interests. For this I Final Reports Series (Lahav III). The materials I examined would like to thank the Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation came from several different excavations conducted by Joe D. and the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the Seger, David Alon, and myself during the years 1972, 1976, U.S. State Department for their support of the Annual Profes- 1977, and 1988. sorship. Thanks are also due to Emory University for provid- The fi rst phase of my work involved describing each of ing me with a research leave. the twelve excavated burial caves, including the physical ap- pearance, special features, and exact measurements of each cave. I then analyzed the pottery and small fi nds. Since the Ethnicity and Exchange excavations were conducted by different researchers under the auspices of various institutions, the pottery and objects during the Israelite Monarchic Period had been stored at different locations and were somewhat problematic to fi nd. The materials were stored at two loca- Carolina Aznar tions at Kibbutz Lahav, at the Israel Antiquities Authority Harvard University (IAA) storage facility in Beit Shemesh, and in the basement National Endowment for the of the Hebrew Union College in Jerusalem. Unfortunately, Humanities Fellow because of the passage of time, a number of fi nds could not be located. It is possible, however, that the missing items will uring my NEH Fellowship at be recovered sometime in the future. An additional problem the Albright Institute this year, I involved locating some of the plans, sections, and the pottery Dexpanded my doctoral research and object drawings originally drawn by the IAA following on ethnicity and exchanges during the my work in 1988. Only some of them were located in the IAA Israelite Monarchic Period (ca. 1000–586 archives; the rest will have to be reproduced. BCE) and began to prepare my dissertation for publication. The next phase of work involved preparing pottery plate As an extension of my doctoral research, I conducted petro- descriptions. Each piece was described according to a format graphic analyses of storage jars from several sites, including developed for the LRP fi nal publications. The fi nal report jars from Tel Jemmeh and Tel Miqne. I spent a good part of will include 15 pottery plates, three object plates, and other my time using the library resources of the Albright Institute, illustrations. The analysis of the data provided a basis to for- the École Biblique, and the Institute of Archaeology at the mulate conclusions that fall in the category of “Cultural and Hebrew University. In addition to preparing my disserta- Historical Observations.” This includes a discussion of the tion for publication, one of the most benefi cial aspects of my cemetery’s location, the date and architectural profi le of the residence in Jerusalem was the opportunity to present my tombs, the burial population, and burial and cultic customs. research results at three research institutes: the W. F. Albright Another chapter is devoted to special fi nds. Institute in Jerusalem, the Department of Maritime Civiliza- Generally, the cemetery was in use between the 10th and tions and Archaeology at Haifa University, and the Kimmel 7th centuries BCE, and its location suggests that it was the fi nal Center for Archaeological Science at the Weizmann Institute. resting place of Tell Halif inhabitants. While all of the burial In my workshop at the Albright, I gave a general overview caves belong to the bench-type tomb, each displays differ- of my research results on ethnicity and exchanges during ent features including the number and design of the benches the time of the Israelite Monarchy. In my seminars at Haifa and repositories. The design of two tombs suggests that they University and the Weizmann Institute, I presented two parts

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 17 of this research in greater detail: the Phoenician-Philistine to interpreting such texts that take account of this identity. exchanges at the former and the centric transfers at the latter. Unlike traditional papyrological studies, which have relied Thanks to these presentations, I was able to get extremely mainly on philological approaches to constructing meaning, valuable feedback on my research from scholars from all over archaeo-papyrology combines archaeological and philological the region: from archaeologists Sy Gitin, Eilat Mazar, Ayelet approaches. The result is not only more robust and contextual- Gilboa, Amihai Mazar, Trude Dothan, Sam Wolff, Michal Artzy, ized interpretations of excavated texts, but also a fundamental and Ezra Marcus to historian Nadav Kashtan, and scientists shift in the way in which these texts are conceptualized as specializing in laboratory analysis of archaeological dataUzi objects of study. Creation of this new discipline builds upon Smilansky and Steve Weiner. some recent work in papyrology that has begun to recognize This feedback has widened the scope of my approach in the material identity of the papyri. However, because main- several ways. First, my book has a new chapter on land own- stream papyrology has been largely unrefl ective about its own ership and trade in the Ancient Near East. Although there is theoretical and methodological workings, the implications of only minimal information available about these aspects of life recognizing this identity have not been fully realized. in ancient Israel, archival material from Mesopotamia pro- To illustrate the methodological underpinnings of ar- vides the requisite background for interpreting the results of chaeo-papyrology, I have developed a case study from Byz- my petrographic analyses. Based on this information, I sug- antine Palestine, using a Greek writing exercise, hereafter re- gest that the Phoenician exports to ancient Israel consisted ferred to as O. Elusa 1. This exercise is part of a small group mostly of wine and that this commercial activity was carried of ostraca excavated in 1997 by Goldfus and Fabian from a out as a private enterprise. Second, in order to understand pottery workshop at Elusa in the Negev. One way of estab- the relevance of the analyses of the storage jars in the study lishing a link between the writing exercise and the activities at of these ancient exchanges, I have also included in my book a the pottery workshop is through the use of red ink to perform discussion on ancient maritime trade and shipwrecks in the the exercise. None of the other ostraca found at the site are eastern Mediterranean. Although the original manuscript of written in red ink, which appears to have been restricted to my dissertation included some evidence from several ship- the production of jar labels; nearly half of the labels found on wrecks, it became clear that a more detailed discussion on fragmentary jars at the pottery workshop are written in this this topic would be necessary in order to fully understand color ink. Therefore, it may be that O. Elusa 1 is related to the the implications of the shipwreck data. Third, my book also need to label jars at the workshop and served as some sort of includes an examination of storage rooms excavated in the practice or training for this purpose. Moreover, while papy- thirteen major sites studied (Horvat Rosh Zayit, Tell Keisan, rologists and historians of ancient education continue to view Tell Abu Hawam, Rehov, Beth Shean, Megiddo, Gezer, Tel writing exercises from the Roman and Byzantine Near East Batash, Lachish, Beersheba, Tel ‘Ira, and Ashdod) in which chiefl y as the products of formal schools, the archaeological groups of storage jars have been found. This information context of O. Elusa 1 reminds us that there were other types of provides insights into the scale of commercial exchanges. settings in which such exercises were being produced. As a follow-up to my research this year, I plan to expand This brings us back to the larger issue of seeing papyri the scope of my petrographic analysis to include a study of also as archaeological objects. The proposed discipline of ar- store jars from Philistia and the Iberian Peninsula in order chaeo-papyrology takes a step toward fully embracing this to broaden my analysis of commercial contacts between the material identity of texts–both in theory and in practice–and eastern and western parts of the Mediterranean Basin. reintegrating papyri into the archaeological network of agents and artifacts. It also offers a much-needed comple- ment to the largely philological approaches that have histori- Toward a New Discipline of Archaeo-Papyrology: cally determined the ways in which meaning is constructed A Case Study from Byzantine Palestine from these texts. 1 Texts also written on parchment, wooden tablets, and fragments of pottery Scott Bucking and limestone (ostraca) are collectively referred to as “papyri,” and it is in this DePaul University broader sense that the term is being used here. National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow ASOR Publications

y project focused on developing Come and see what’s new! both a theoretical and a meth- Modological foundation for the New and forthcoming ASOR titles will be displayed creation of a new discipline of archaeo- at our book stand at the 2006 Annual Meeting in papyrology. Archaeo-papyrology is a Washington, DC. synthesis of two fundamentally related disciplines—archaeology and papyrol- Additionally, there will also be a number of backlist ogy—that have historically developed along very separate titles at great sales prices. paths. It seeks to give full recognition to the material identity of excavated papyri1 and to foster the development of approaches Don’t miss out!

18 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 Communal Order in the Dead Sea Scrolls ing and interpreting scriptural traditions. The research I have and Early Christianity completed on this question will form an important section in my introductory chapter. Daniel K. Falk I also presented a paper to the Jonas C. Greenfi eld Schol- University of Oregon ars’ Seminar at the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls in Jerusalem on this history of research on com- National Endowment for the munity order at Qumran, methodological issues, and initial Humanities Fellow studies with regard to models of judicial courts and interpre- tations of successors to Moses’s authority. I have benefi ted y research project is a com- from discussions about my research with numerous scholars parative study of commu- in various fi elds. The most important benefi t of this period Mnity order and organiza- of research in Jerusalem was the opportunity to make two tion in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in excursions to the site of Qumran, to view artifacts from Qum- Early Christianity, ultimately to be ran at the Ecole Biblique and the Israel Museum and to spend published as a monograph. Although striking similarities several days studying key Dead Sea Scroll manuscripts in the between the two communities have been noticed since the laboratory at the Israel Museum and the Shrine of the Book. early publications of the Dead Sea Scrolls—especially with regard to leadership offi ces, authority structures, initiation and disciplinary procedures, and their common life based on voluntarism—there has not yet been a full-scale systematic The Funeral Kit in Early Bronze Age Canaan study comparing the two. For both communities, scholars have also proposed infl uence from Hellenistic voluntary associa- Jill Baker tions. But whatever the historical infl uences on their way of Brown University life, the community (or communities) represented in the Dead Sea Scrolls viewed their communal life as in accordance with E. S. Frerichs Fellow/ the divine order. For this reason, my study focuses on trying Program Coordinator to explain the signifi cance for these religious communities of their organizational patterns. This takes seriously the nature y goal this year was to expand of both communities as voluntary communities: we must the research of my Ph.D. dis- presume that these ways of life worked for those who joined. Msertation, The Middle and Late What meaning did these ways of life have for the members? Bronze Age Tomb Complex at Ashkelon, How did they understand their distinctive identity? Since Israel: The Architecture and the Funeral Kit both communities also saw themselves as heirs to the heri- (Brown University, 2003) to include a study of contemporary tage of Abraham and true Israel, exploring these questions and Early Bronze tombs and burials in Canaan. In my dis- is intimately concerned with how they interpreted Scripture sertation, I defi ned a Middle and Late Bronze Age Canaanite and how they identifi ed themselves in relation to their sacred mortuary practice, which I designated the “funeral kit.” A traditions. My study will focus on trying to explain why these summary of the funeral kit at Ashkelon appeared in the article communities described themselves the way they did. What titled “The Funeral Kit: A Newly Defi ned Canaanite Mortu- meaning did it have for them to depict their communal life in ary Practice Based on the Middle and Late Bronze Age Tomb terms of models derived from Scripture? Complex at Ashkelon” in Levant 2006. During my fi ve-month tenure as an NEH fellow at the Al- The funeral kit includes a relatively predictable set of ce- bright Institute, I worked on one aspect of the project: the na- ramic and nonceramic grave goods that were deposited with ture and status of Scripture in the Second Temple period and the deceased at the time of burial, based on the multiple in- its use and interpretation in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Discussion tact burials found in the Middle and Late Bronze Age tomb of my research with other scholars at the West Coast Qumran complex at Ashkelon. These grave goods consisted of essen- Working Group (Portland, OR) in October convinced me that tial items that were integral to the funerary ceremony and I needed to rethink the status and function of Scripture in mortuary rites and were not deposited in the tomb in order Second Temple Judaism. The predominant model of Scrip- to convey personal characteristics or social status. ture as a basically static and clearly defi ned text that is then During the funerary ceremony, it is likely that a meal was interpreted by communities appears to be rather inappropri- held in honor of the deceased, and the ceramic vessels of the ate to the Second Temple period. More appropriate is a mod- funeral kit represent the deceased’s portion of that meal. The el from the fi eld of comparative religions, especially in the deposition of food and drink into the tomb may also have work of William Graham and Wilfred Smith. These scholars been intended to provide sustenance for the deceased’s spirit describe a dynamic model of living traditions that function while making the transition from this world into the next in various authoritative ways in relation to specifi c religious and/or functioned as an offering to the ancestors. communities. Such an approach fi ts much better the data Based on my initial research on burials from Ashkelon, from the Dead Sea Scrolls where there are multiple textual I determined that predictable deposits of funerary items types used side-by-side, fl exible boundaries to the body of could be observed in all of Middle and Late Bronze Age Ca- authoritative traditions, and a remarkable freedom in adapt- naan. In addition, regional variations could be observed in

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 19 the composition of the funeral kits. For example, in certain Also, there are numerous references in the Bible to horses geographical areas, funeral kits contain a larger number of and chariots, such as those to King Solomon (1 Kings 5:6). imported Mycenaean ceramics, while other regions exhibit And while there is archaeological evidence from ancient Isra- a greater quantity of imported Cypriot material. The results el, little research has been carried out on the subject of horses of this study will be submitted for publication in the coming and chariots. This obvious gap in the military history of an- months. cient Israel stimulated my interest and led me to a study of As for tombs and burials in Early Bronze Age Canaan, osteological fi nds, horse fi gurines, accessories for decoration using Ashkelon as the model, I examined published reports and harnessing of horses, and chariot models and fi ttings. for chamber tombs at sites such as Bab edh-Dhra, Beth Shean, Not many osteological remains of horses exist in Israel. Dan, Jericho, Lachish, Megiddo, and Ain es-Samiya to name Only three horse bones have been identifi ed among the 22 a few. Based on this research, I made several observations: equid bones from Area S, Level III at Lachish, which date to (1) a funeral kit was employed during all phases of the Early 760–701 BCE. In my current study, I was able to include 842 Bronze Age; (2) the basic components of the funeral kit re- horse fi gurines, one chariot model from Tell Jemmeh, and mained the same throughout the EBA; (3) the funeral kit is 20 wheel fi gurines. In addition to 23 fi gurines of 11th–9th not necessarily indicative of socio-economic realities or so- centuries BCE and 52 fi gurines from unidentifi ed strata, 767 cial complexity; (4) the EBA funeral kit probably functioned fi gurines could be dated to the 8th–7th centuries BCE. Among as part of a funerary banquet and represents that aspect of them, most fi gurines, that is, 713, were found at Judean sites. the funerary ritual. During the EB I–III periods some re- Very little archaeological evidence of harnessing equipment gional variation was evident with regard to the vessel types dating to the Iron Age II has been found. In particular, most that were incorporated into the funeral kit. The EB IV period, of these objects were described in the past as having other however, exhibited greater regional variation among the ce- functions, or as “unidentifi able” artifacts. These include two ramic typologies, but the kit as a whole was in keeping with horse bits, one ivory frontlet, and three ivory eye blinkers the seven ceramic families developed by Dever. Even though from Tell el-Far‘ah (S), one bronze eye blinker from Lach- there was regional variation, it seems that intra-site ceramic ish, two bronze eye blinkers from Megiddo, another bronze typologies remained consistent among the burial groups. eye blinker from Beth Shemesh, and a poll decoration from During the EBA, very few ceramic assemblages included im- Moza. Objects described as possible bronze bells that are from ported wares and were mostly composed of domestic wares. Tel Batash, Lachish, and Megiddo may have been used for Based on the research conducted this year, the development horses. These artifacts are similar to those from Assyria and of the funeral kit can be followed from Early Bronze Age I Cyprus dated to Iron Age II, which indicates that they were through Late Bronze Age II. I expect to produce an article for most likely contemporary. As for their function, the represen- publication summarizing these fi ndings. This research will tation on horse fi gurines, although very crude, indicates that also serve as the basis for a chapter that will be incorporated horses during Iron Age II had bridles and accessories. into a monograph on the Bronze Age funeral kit in Canaan. The horses drawn on pithos sherds from Kuntillet Ajrud clearly show that they were in use with chariots. Although it is not certain whether the renderings by Assyrian artists refl ect Judahite chariots or depicted them as stylized chariots Archaeological Evidence of Horses and Chariotry of Assyrian kings, a ceremonial Judahite chariot with eight- in the Land of Israel during Iron Age II spoked wheels and military carts appear on the Sennacherib Lachish relief. Actual chariots and carts found in the tombs MiYoung Im at Salamis may be useful in reconstructing such vehicles with Bar-Ilan University a three-dimensional perspective. The Judahite chariot has a square box resting on a pole with a yoke, and attachments for George A. Barton Fellow harnessing four horses. Although parts of chariots have been found in Israel, such as linchpins and chariot fi ttings, since y project involved analyzing they are dated to earlier periods, they do not signifi cantly and presenting the archaeologi- contribute to our understanding of the chariots from the Iron Mcal data on horses and chariots Age II. While the seals with horses and riders or a chariot from ancient Israel. Although I examined found at northern sites bear the images of mythological crea- earlier evidence, my primary focus was tures, seal impressions found at Judean sites, dating to the on Iron Age II (1,000–586 BCE), the First 8th century BCE, only have the depiction of the “prancing Temple period. horse.” The latter has been interpreted as the representation Horses and chariots are mentioned in written sources that in Hebrew of a person’s name “Susi,” meaning a horse. deal with military campaigns throughout the ancient Near The fi nal stage of my research has focused on this archae- East during the Iron Age. They are widely represented in As- ological evidence as it relates to additional literary sources syria, Egypt, and Cyprus by monuments, paintings, and ar- from the Bible and from neighboring countries in order to tifacts. The research on horses and chariots in these countries understand the function of horses and chariots in military has in some instances included data from Israel, which has and social contexts in the land of Israel. added some knowledge to our understanding of the subject.

20 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 The Appeal of History: this confrontation, then, the layout of the frontispiece seems Assertion of Christian Identity in the Muslim World also to present the motivation for the decidedly Christian character of the manuscript being introduced here. That is, in Lisa Mahoney this explicitly contested environment, the frontispiece distin- Johns Hopkins University guishes this history from Jewish and, more important, Mus- lim accounts and presents that very history as dramatically Samuel H. Kress Fellow illuminated by a fundamental belief in salvation through Christ. At the same time, the reference to Muslims by way of hroughout the existence of the the Islamic motifs that surround the main miniature picture Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, the symbolically and optimistically refl ect the victory of Chris- commissioning and creation of art tianity over the enemies of Christ, both generally and in the T religiously antagonistic world of the late thirteenth-century accompanied the struggle for and maintenance of land. These works ranged from large, public monuments to small, personal Levant. objects. In the absence of relevant texts from the period, the I would like to add that the Director of the Albright and latter are particularly important documents for the study of its staff have made my stay here particularly productive, Frankish private life and conceptions of the community’s self- offering everything from travel advice to the contact infor- understanding during this period. mation of local scholars and providing always the delicious The strength of this assessment is manifest in a Histoire food and daily comforts that make work possible. For these ancienne jusqu’à César manuscript made in Acre during the reasons, and for making this institute a home, I wish to ex- last decades of the thirteenth century (London, British Li- press my warmest appreciation. brary, MS. Add. 15268). It is a manuscript that distinguishes itself in the quality of its pictorial program and, more im- portant, the singular character of many of its compositions. The focus of my research at the W. F. Albright Institute of On the East Mediterranean Contributions Archaeological Research was the motivation behind the com- to the Origins of Coinage mission of this chronicle, which recounts the history of the world from Creation to the reign of Caesar. Indeed, a close Christine Thompson scrutiny of the miniatures suggests that it directly refl ects University of California at Los Angeles the specifi c context of the manuscript’s manufacture, and the particular statement its patron wanted to make as a result of Samuel H. Kress Fellow that context. The impetus for this manuscript’s commission is an- y research at the Albright cen- nounced, at least in part, by the frontispiece to this codex. ters on the relationship between Here one fi nds a full-page illumination containing theologi- M34 Hacksilber hoards excavated cally sophisticated references to the life, death, and Second from thirteen Iron Age sites in Cisjordan Coming of Christ, all placed within and around a series of and contemporary developments in scenes depicting the beginning of Genesis. These allusions to trade and administrative practices that Christ at the time of Creation serve to place the whole history led to the development of the earliest coinages of Lydia and of salvation emphatically before the viewer. Given its place- Greece c. 650–550 BCE. Many of the Cisjordan hoards con- ment at the beginning of the manuscript, this single minia- tained Hacksilber grouped into linen-wrapped bundles that ture also then asserts the parameters within which the events had been sealed with bullae. These bullae guaranteed both to follow are to be circumscribed. the unitized weight and purity of the bundled silver and thus Surrounding this miniature, however, is a border con- recommended the sealed bundles as the immediate historical taining Islamic fi gures and Islamic decorative motifs. The and conceptual antecedents of the earliest coinages of Lydia presence of this imagery operates on many levels. For exam- and Greece. The Cisjordan hoards also constitute the largest ple, the Islamic motifs are explicitly borrowed from luxury identifi ed concentration of silver hoards in the ancient Near objects and, as such, can be explained as an appreciation of East in terms of both their geographical and chronological eastern sumptuary art, imitated here to express the London distributions and yet Cisjordan has no native source of silver. manuscript’s luxury status and to refl ect or elevate the social My research this year has focused on three chapters of my prestige of its owner. The full meaning of these references dissertation that deal with (1) the sources and purity of silver to Islam, however, must be determined by way of their re- contained in the Cisjordan hoards, (2) the contexts of the Cis- lationship to the exceedingly Christianized miniature they jordan hoards and what they can indicate about their functions, surround. By way of analogy with contemporary assertions and (3) the development of a silver-based monetary economy of Christian identity found in other Frankish contexts and in Cisjordan during the Iron Age and its connections to the by way of comparison to similar environments of religious silver sources, economies, indigenous peoples, and Phoenician disparity and opposition, the miniature and its border can and Greek colonists of the western Mediterranean. be understood to symbolize the religious confrontation tak- The chapter covering the sources and purity of silver in ing place in the shared space of the Levant. In symbolizing the Cisjordan hoards is based on lead isotope analyses and

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 21 ED XRF and EPMA elemental analyses of approximately 200 preted2 and applied them to the Iron Age Cisjordan hoards samples taken from silver objects in the Cisjordan hoards.1 with the result that it has become necessary to establish new This is the largest sample set collected from the region (and criteria for functional evaluation of the latter and to concomi- the only one from the Cisjordan hoards specifi cally); the re- tantly address in depth the fundamental issue that these es- sults yielded unprecedented insight into some of the most tablished categories are often not as mutually exclusive as controversial issues of research in biblical and classical stud- they may appear. ies as well as Mediterranean archaeology in general: did the 1 The author took the samples and carried out EPMA at the Center for Materi- search for silver motivate the Phoenicians to sail to the west- als Research in Archaeology and Ethnology at MIT, while the Kress Founda- ern Mediterranean as early as the 10th century BCE, did Greek tion and INSTAP provided the funding for TIMS and ED XRF to the Isotrace colonists follow them there for the same reason, when did Laboratory at the University of Oxford, formerly directed by Z. A. Stos. 2 For example, J. Bjorkmann (1994) Hoards and Deposits in Bronze Age Meso- the exploitation of silver sources in the Aegean recover after potamia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Ph.D. dissertation); A. a decline c.1200 BCE, and what are we to make of enigmatic B. Knapp, J. D. Muhly, and P. M. Muhly (1988) “To Hoard Is Human: Late biblical references linking Tarshish to overseas trade in pre- Bronze Age Metal Deposits in Cyprus and the Aegean” in Report of the Depart- cious metals? Lead isotope analysis is especially important ment of Antiquities, Cyprus Part I (Nicosia), 233–64. for answering such questions as it offers the most effective means by which to identify the geological sources of silver used to make the Hacksilber found in the Cisjordan hoards. Images of Jerusalem in Hugeburc’s Vita Willibaldi The samples from the Cisjordan hoards are of particular im- (8th century CE) portance for addressing questions regarding the develop- ments in trade relations between the eastern and western Rodney Aist Mediterranean since they span the entire Iron Age and fi t University of Wales at Lampeter within a fairly precise and sequential chronological frame- work supported by an ante quem date for each hoard. Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow My second chapter is focused on detailing the contexts of each hoard with the aim of analyzing the function of each y research at the Albright hoard at the time of deposition. Many of the hoards were Institute this year has served never fully published, so I have spent a great deal of time Mto advance my Ph.D. studies meeting with living excavators and researching unpublished currently being undertaken at the Uni- fi eld diaries to better understand whether particular hoards versity of Wales at Lampeter on Chris- belonged to, for example, private individuals or adminis- tian pilgrim texts on Jerusalem during trators, smiths or merchants, temples or tax collectors, and the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods. In particular, I am whether the hoards were buried with the intent of recovery. doing research on Willibald of Eichstätt, an Anglo-Saxon pil- I have taken into account previous discussions of the criteria grim, who visited Jerusalem in the 720s CE. Fifty years later, by which the functions of Bronze Age hoards might be inter- now the venerable bishop of Eichstätt (Germany), Willibald

Presidential Forum at the 2006 ASOR Annual Meeting in Washington, DC

EXCAVATING ASOR

Friday, November 17, 2006 — 7:00–8:30 pm at the Capital Hilton

The fourth annual Presidential Forum will turn our atten- George Kiraz—a longtime ASOR exhibitor, Syriac tion to ASOR’s past, as we hear several short presentations scholar, and founder and publisher of Gorgias Press, whose that highlight the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls and father was involved with the purchase of some of the Dead ASOR’s involvement in their publication and dissemina- Sea Scrolls—will tell us of his father’s involvement and de- tion, as well as provide highlights of ASOR’s history from a scribe his recent work on the subject. new exploration into our archives. Rachel Hallote, SUNY-Purchase, ASOR CAMP chair, has Eric Meyers, President of ASOR, will offer a glimpse worked on archival material for her recent book on Freder- into some memorable moments in ASOR’s past. ick Bliss, published by Gorgias Press, and will describe a few ASOR archives items. Westin Field, President of the Dead Sea Scrolls Founda- tion, will offer insights into his ongoing work on the “au- The President’s Reception and Presentation of Awards will thorized” history of the Dead Sea Scrolls. follow the forum from 8:30–10:00pm.

22 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 dictated his Holy Land travels to a younger relative, the nun The Genesis Apocryphon of Qumran Cave 1 in Light Hugebure. Notwithstanding Hugebure’s essential role in of Early Jewish Exegesis on the Patriarchal Narratives the resulting composition of the Vita Willibaldi (also known as The Hodœporicon of St Willibald), the text encapsulates the Daniel A. Machiela authentic voice of Willibald from the perspective of an elder University of Notre Dame bishop looking back upon his adventures as a young man. It is this question—Willibald’s image of Jerusalem—that is the Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow focus of my dissertation. The project is divided into two parts. The fi rst section ad- he Genesis Apocryphon of Qumran dresses Willibald’s individual descriptions of the holy places Cave 1 (1QapGen) has received of Jerusalem. Willibald begins his circuit of Jerusalem with a a surprisingly small amount of description of the Holy Sepulchre—“place where the Holy T scholarly attention to date, prompting my Cross was found,” the “place of Calvary” and the “tomb of study of its text and exegetical traditions the Savior.” Willibald then describes the Church of Holy Sion, while an ECA Fellow at the Albright. the “portico of Solomon” (the pool of Bethesda), a column as- The fi rst stage of my project, and that which occupied the sociated with the funeral procession of St. Mary, her tomb in majority of my time in Jerusalem, entailed the production the Jehoshaphat Valley, a church “where Jesus prayed before of a new edition of the scroll’s text. The need for a new text his passion,” and the Church of the Ascension. Two aspects of this scroll is particularly acute, owing until quite recently of Willibald’s description are worth highlighting. First, Wil- to a lack of widely accessible photos. Hence, most currently libald associates the restoration of his sight after two months available editions are genetically linked back to the original of blindness to the place “where the Holy Cross was found.” publications, all of which were preliminary in nature and at Although the commemoration was traditionally located in- times inadequate. side the basilica of St. Constantine, the text suggests that Wil- Using several sets of photographs, I have been able to libald is describing a locus outside the church. In comparing fi nish a complete transcription of the Aramaic text (21 col- the description with the testimonies of Adomnán, Epipha- umns, some very fragmentary), an English translation, and nius, and Daniel the Abbot, it appears that Willibald is actu- an extensive set of textual notes. The latter include all avail- ally referring to the related commemoration of the miracu- able readings to date (where there is disagreement)—some- lous healing, also associated with the Helena legend, which thing previously unavailable. In many instances, tenuous occurred when the Holy Cross was placed upon a deceased readings have been assured or altered, while in other places (or mortally ill) person. Together, the sources indicate that a new text altogether has been readable. I hope this edition will column located somewhere near the entrance of the church prove both useful and serviceable to scholars interested in was a prominent feature on the Christian landscape of early the Genesis Apocryphon. In addition to working with this Islamic Jerusalem. Second, Willibald’s reference to the col- text, I have begun an ancillary study of the use of geography umn associated with Mary’s funeral, which commemorated in a section of the scroll recounting Noah’s division of the a confrontation between the Jews and the Apostle, has been inhabited earth among his sons and grandsons (cols. 16–17). variously and incorrectly located by a number of scholars. Some of the textual fi ndings have been exciting, such as However, the evidence of Epiphanius and the Armenian a new phrase at the beginning of Genesis Apocryphon 14.17. Guide, as well as the context of Willibald’s own description, Here the words “one to the south of the land, and one to the clearly places the marker just outside the eastern gate of the north of the land” are readable on the infrared photographs. city. Once the column is correctly located, it becomes apparent This obscure phrase has allowed a reconstruction of the gen- that Willibald is describing a logical walking route through eral content of the entire column, which fi nds a thematic par- Jerusalem. His route, which then parallels that found in other allel in Jubilees 10. In both texts, a story is told about the set- texts, such as Sophronius and the Armenian Guide, appears tling of Noah’s sons throughout their respective portions of to refl ect the standardized pilgrim circuit used by Christians the inhabited earth, indicating that here we have a reference during late Byzantine and early Islamic periods. to one son—Ham—traveling to his allotment in the south The second section of the dissertation looks at Willibald’s (i.e. the modern continent of Africa), while the other—Ja- overall image of the city. In short, in spite of his one-time in- pheth—goes to the north (i.e. the continent of Europe). “The timacy with the city, Willibald viewed Jerusalem as a remote land” thus refers to Asia, or more specifi cally to the Levant. and distant place. His pilgrimage to Jerusalem had been an Other new readings are less revealing, but important arduous experience, characterized by a number of personal nonetheless. Some of these even come from the earliest col- hardships and accentuated by issues of culture, religion, and umns, published by Nahman Avigad and Yigael Yadin in 1956 politics, and from the vantage point of Eichstätt, the distance (cols. 2, 19–22) and combed through by numerous scholars חלפנא to Jerusalem was measured by the obstacles that separated since then. Among these is a replacement of the word we have gone out”) in“) הלכנא the Western pilgrim from the walls of Jerusalem. The city (“we have crossed over”) with אנתתי my wisdom”) in place of“) חכמתי as positioned on the eastern peripheral edge of Willibald’s 19.13, and the reading mental map, an image which contrasts signifi cantly with the (“my wife”) in 19.24. traditional view of Jerusalem as the center of the world. One of the most enjoyable parts of my time at the Al- bright was writing the introduction to my text edition, in

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 23 which I recount the early days of the discovery, opening, and and geo-political background of the Shephelah during the publication of the Genesis Apocryphon, which was initially second half of the second millennium BCE formed the core of named simply “the fourth scroll.” The Albright (then ASOR this analysis. Of particular importance was the study of the in Jerusalem) played a signifi cant role during this formative workings of the city-state system and the impact of Egyptian time, with John Trever and William Brownlee, the two ASOR domination, all of which played an important role in under- fellows then in residence, being entrusted by the Syrians of standing the mechanisms of ceramic change and continuity. St. Mark’s Monastery to examine and photograph the scroll. My analysis of the typology, technological develop- It was they who fi rst comprehended the importance of the ments, and provenience of the Batash assemblages suggests four scrolls, and it was thrilling for me to work on the fourth a shift in the mode of production at the point of transition scroll in the library where those exciting events took place, from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. This was a shift nearly sixty years ago. In addition, the libraries and kind help from a more centralized and redistributive industry operat- of scholars available in Jerusalem have made the Albright an ing in the framework of large fortifi ed urban centers, to a ideal place to spend a year of research. noncompetitive, dispersed household workshop industry. This shift also represents an adaptive strategy that continued to operate during the course of the 15th–14th c. BCE, in light of the continuing lack of central authority of the city-state Processes of Ceramic Change and Continuity: system and economic pressure exerted by Egyptian rule. Tel Batash in the Second Millennium BCE as a Test Case During the course of the 13th c. and into the early 12th c., a more innovative change was noted in ceramic production, Nava Panitz-Cohen which I understand was the result of the tightening of Egyp- Hebrew University tian rule during the 19th–20th dynasties and the increasing involvement of Egypt in pottery production, as well as the Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow gradual disintegration of Canaanite social cohesion. Late Bronze Age pottery, a key feature of Canaanite material cul- ottery studies in Israel in the past ture, is a major factor in considering the process of maintain- have mainly focused on aspects ing Canaanite identity during the peak of Egyptian rule and of chronology, regionality, and its disintegration. P Petrographic analysis has shown that in LBI–IIA (16th– ethnicity within the “culture-history” paradigm. Alternative research agendas, 14th centuries) the majority of pottery at Batash came from however, have attempted to use pottery the region of the Kingdom of Gezer, while in the 13th c. a to explore other issues, including social, economic, and politi- shift occurred, and provenience studies indicate that half of cal relations. These involved methodological approaches that the pottery came from a more western and southern venue, provide an entrée into areas of research that have developed possibly the Kingdom of Gath or Lachish. This source be- mainly within the framework of processual and post-proces- comes the dominant one in the Iron Age I, indicating a re- sual archaeology. Analyzing pottery according to form charac- turn to a more centralized production mode that was most teristics, technological developments, and styles of decoration, likely controlled in some way by the Philistine cities. The as well as quantifying pottery assemblages, investigating Canaanite and Philistine ceramic traditions coexisted with regional dispersion, and conducting provenience studies, a substantial degree of typological and particularly techno- provide insights into patterns of change and continuity that logical interaction. can offer a “behind-the-scene” perspective of thought and The results of this study have emphasized that there is no ancient behavior. direct correlation between historical events and pottery change During the period of my ECA Fellowship at the Albright or continuity, but rather, complex mechanisms ranging from and within the framework of my doctoral research, I focused environmental to cognitive are behind these processes. on the study of technology, ethno-archaeological analogy, and the application of anthropological and archaeological theory. I applied these to the well-established ceramic data- The Book of Job in the Byzantine and Slavic Middle Ages base compiled from the evidence of twelve seasons of excava- tion at Tel Batash (biblical Timnah) located in the Shephelah, Iskra Vladimirova Hristova-Shomova that is, the low hills of Judah. The assemblages date from the Sofi a University, Sofi a, Bulgaria Middle Bronze IIB to the end of Iron Age I (Strata XII–V), a period of some 700 years, and include numerous complete Andrew W. Mellon Fellow vessels recovered from a series of destruction levels. Quanti- tative, typological, and technological analyses were applied he purpose of my study was to ex- to thousands of vessels and sherds in addition to conducting plore the place of the book of Job in petrographic provenience studies. Capacity and comparative Tthe general framework of Christian studies of the distribution of fi nds were also conducted using religious practice and thought, especially the data from two completely excavated houses of the Late in the Orthodox tradition. However, the Bronze Age. A contextual approach based on the historical book of Job could not be understood or

24 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 studied adequately without taking into account its Jewish roots The biblical book of Job represents a considerable liter- and its context in the Hellenistic Jewish world. ary and poetic achievement. The two ancient translations of I began my research on the book of Job with a study of the Hebrew text of the scriptures, the Greek one—the Sep- two manuscripts of the book kept in the Rila Monastery in tuagint—and the Aramaic translation—the Targum—appear Bulgaria, which contain the Slavic translation of the catena within a relatively short period of time of each other. These of the book of Job, that is, the biblical book, accompanied by two translations offer quite different approaches to the He- commentaries of about 20 Church fathers. I prepared an edi- brew text. The two main characteristics of the Targum are: tion of the text, accompanied by Slavic-Greek and a Greek- (1) it does not usually reproduce the poetic expressions of Slavic indexes and a linguistic study of the Slavonic transla- the Hebrew text; (2) it aims to eliminate all phrases, which tion. However, in the course of my work on the Slavic text, are reminiscent of the anthropomorphism of God. On the when compared with the Greek original text, I realized that contrary, in the Septuagint translation of the book of Job, the there were many unsolved questions about the Septuagint poetic features of the text are not only preserved but even version of the book of Job and its origin. Thanks to the kind- enhanced further, and moreover, in the Greek text, the Lord ness of archbishop Aristarchos in Jerusalem, I had a unique appears with more human features, due to the emphasis on opportunity to explore simultaneously two of the earliest and his human characteristics. Christianity, which is an offspring most precious Greek manuscripts of the book of Job, both of of the Septuagint, has to face the same theological problems, them containing marvellous illuminations. The fi rst is kept in posed by the inherited tradition of God’s anthropomor- the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Jerusalem (ms. Agiou Ta- phism, but it solves it by the doctrine of incarnation. This is phou #5), dating from the 13th century, containing 117 minia- well demonstrated in the miniatures in the manuscripts of tures; the second ms. (Sinaiticus #3), is from the 11th century the book of Job, where the scenes representing God’s mani- and contains 24 miniatures. An excellent recently published festations (The Theophany) always depict the Son and never facsimile edition of this manuscript was sent specially to Je- the Father. rusalem by archbishop Damianos, the Abbot of the monas- The Byzantine tradition represents two principal ver- tery “St. Catherine” in Sinai, so that I could study it. sions of the catena; one of these versions has been translated As a result of my research during the period of my Mel- into Slavic. The text of the Slavic version offers some ad- lon Fellowship, I plan to trace the history of Job in the fol- ditional phrases that are included in the main biblical text lowing manner. There were two quite different versions of and appear as part of it. These phrases are not usually repro- the book of Job. One of them is a tale about a righteous and duced and discussed in the critical editions. I didn’t think wealthy man who lost everything because of the treachery that I could fi nd parallels to these phrases, but to my surprise of Satan, but in the end, his health and possessions were re- I was able to fi nd some of them in the ms. Sinaiticus 3, where stored by God. This is the apocryphal book, The Testament they are written in small majuscule letters between the lines of Job. The other version can be likened more adequately to of the biblical text. These phrases were intended to serve as Plato`s dialogues, as it is written in a dialogue form. This is a kind of explanation of the biblical text, but in some cases the biblical book of Job, which can be defi ned as a religio- the Slavic translator understood them as a part of the biblical philosophical poem about human existence and the existen- text. In this way, my work on the Greek manuscripts of the tial relations between man and God. The Testament of Job is book of Job during the tenure of my Mellon Fellowship at the preserved only in one Coptic, four Greek, and three Slavic Albright Institute allowed me to bridge in important ways manuscripts, and the dates of its composition still remain un- the Greek and Slavic textual traditions of the book of Job. The known. However, some parts of it are preserved in different results of this work will be fully integrated in my future pub- Hebrew and Aramaic sources: for example, in the Targum of lications and monograph on the history of this biblical book Job, in the Babylonian Talmud, and in some Midrash texts. in the Byzantine and Slavic Middle Ages.

ASOR MERCHANDISE Need a T-shirt, Mug, Messenger Bag, or Baby Bib? We would like to announce that a new line of ASOR products is available for ordering on the Web at

www.cafepress.com/asor2005

All profi ts generated will go to benefi t ASOR.

Please tell your friends and order them for your excavations.

Selected ASOR Merchandise will also be available at the ASOR Book Stand at the Annual Meeting COME AND VISIT US!

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 25 The Oriental Infl uences on the Early Martyr Cults tion, aged 35, who were likely in origin from some place in of the Lower Danube (3rd–4th Centuries): the Greek East, possibly Bithynia—journeyed to Halmyris. In A Historical, Archaeological, 290 AD the dux of the province of Scythia, Latronianus, came on an offi cial visit to inspect the works of the town and was and Iconographical Approach informed by offi cials that there were two Christians living in the village who were leading the people astray from the Octavian Bounegru sacrifi ces due the Roman gods. The two martyrs were thus “Al. I. Cuza” University, Iasi, Romania condemned and decapitated, as ordered by the governor, and were buried in a secret location near the town. Later, a Andrew W. Mellon Fellow presbyteros moved the remains of the two martyrs to a new tomb, perhaps in the very crypt discussed below. he main focus of research dur- Excavations conducted by Mihail Zahariade of the ing my fellowship period at the Archaeological Institute in Bucharest and myself from 2001- Albright Institute was to develop T 2002 in the northwest part of a site in the center of Halmyris a database of literary sources for mar- revealed the remains of a large three-aisled early Christian tyrdom in the eastern Mediterranean, Basilica, with a narthex and diaconicum on the south side. The especially from the period c. 250-303 date of the original construction may well have been the fi rst A.D. and to investigate the archaeological evidence for early half of the fourth century. A crypt was discovered under the Christian martyr crypts. altar. The eastern wall of the mortuary room was complete- The cult of Christian relics follows a very old Greco-Ro- ly covered by a painted fresco applied over a thick layer of man tradition. Although evidence for the cult of holy relics plaster. The bones of the two martyrs were found in a frag- can be found in the second and third centuries AD, its begin- mentary state, distributed in both rooms. The anthropologi- ning is more accurately linked to the rule of Constantine cal analysis indicates two individuals, one probably in his (306–337 AD). The time of Justinian (527–565 AD) saw a dra- sixties (Epictetus) and the other around 40 (Astion), exactly matic increase in the number of sacred relics stretching from as related in the martyr act. Palestine to Germany. There was a movement, confi rmed by The Halmyris fi nds are important because they represent the hagiographic texts, that aimed to multiply the number the earliest attestation of a martyr cult in the lower Danube of relics (of any given saint). This fact is explained by the at- region. They provide a clear overview of the development of tempt of believers to rectify a perceived injustice made to the martyr cults in the immediate aftermath of the Diocletianic saints and forgotten a long time ago. persecutions in 290 AD The Halmyris crypt seems to have been In the lower Danube region and the western Black Sea an important place of pilgrimage during the fi fth and sixth coast, the martyr cults are attested by important archaeo- centuries in the Lower Danube, very likely one of the few such logical discoveries, including the remains of a martyr crypt places in the Balkan-Danubian regions. The Halmyris martyr (martyrion) in a Christian basilica in the ancient city of Hal- cult represents a unique case in early Christian archaeology, myris from the early fourth century. Halmyris was the site where a literary account is confi rmed by such a range of ar- of a celebrated martyr cult. According to the Vita Sanctorum, chaeological, anthropological, and epigraphical evidence. two individuals—Epictetus, aged 64, and his companion As-

Teacher’s Workshop at the 2006 ASOR Annual Meeting in Washington, DC

DAILY LIFE AND TRADE IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: WHAT ARCHAEOLOGY CAN TELL US Teachers’ Workshop Sponsored by The American Schools of Oriental Research and The Smithsonian Institution November 17, 2006, Department of Anthropology, Rose Seminar Room 339, Smithsonian Institution

Elementary and High School teachers will have the opportunity to learn The presenters include members of the how archaeologists have reconstructed the ancient history of the Near East. ASOR Outreach Committee including: The all-day workshop for teachers in the Washington DC area will feature a program that focuses on the Bronze and Iron Age periods in Jordan and Ellen Bedell, Kimberley Connors, the Mediterranean, through lectures, online educational activities, and les- Stefanie Elkins, and Neal Bierling. son plans. This workshop is part of a continuing effort to encourage teachers Don Ortner, the Smithsonian Institution, to include Near Eastern archaeology in their curriculum. Participants in the and Renata Wolynec, the BLM teachers’ workshop will learn how to use archaeological methods to analyze Pennsylvania “Project Archaeology” artifacts in order to answer research questions. This workshop is sponsored coordinator, Edinboro University, by ASOR’s Outreach Committee and requires separate registration. For more information on participating, please contact Ann Kaupp at (202) 633-1917. will also give presentations.

26 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research Appointees, Residents, and Staff, 2005–2006

BACK ROW (L–R): Director S. Gitin, Adam Gitin, Resident Pat Neu, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow Nava Panitz-Cohen, Research Fellow Deborah Cassuto, Senior Fellow Eliot Braun, Miqne Staff Viviana Moscovich, Groundsman Lutfi Mussa, Gar- dener Faiz Khalaf, Research Fellow Eric Tully.

MIDDLE ROW (L–R): Research Fellow Kent Reynolds, Maintenance Staff Ashraf Hanna, Cherie Gitin, Senior Fellow Shimon Gib- son, Assistant to the Director Helena Flusfeder, Post-Doctoral Fellow Stephen Pfann, Senior Fellow Anna de Vincenz, Samuel H. Kress Fellow Christine Thompson, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow Octavian Bounegru, Adriana Bounegru, former Acting In- stitute Manager Sami Najjar, Research Fellow Baruch Brandl, Library Computer Consultant Avner Halpern, Chief Librarian Sarah Sussman, Chef Hisham M’farrah.

FRONT ROW (L–R): Kitchen and Housekeeping Staff Nuha Khalil Ibrahim, Miqne Staff Moshe Ben-Ari, Senior Fellow Trude Do- than, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow Rodney Aist, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow Carolina Aznar, Annual Professor Oded Borowski, Marcia Borowski, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow Scott Bucking, Ernest S. Frerichs Fellow/Program Coordinator Jill Baker, Institute Manager Nadia Bandak, Miqne Staff Marina Zeltser, Kitchen and Housekeeping Staff Nawal Ibtisam Rsheid.

ROW ON CARPET (L–R): Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow Dan Machiela, Jodi Machiela, Micah and Sophia Machiela.

APPOINTEES AND STAFF NOT IN PHOTO: Administrative Consultant Munira Said, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow Daniel Falk, George A. Barton Fellow MiYoung Im, Samuel H. Kress Fellow Lisa Mahoney, Andrew W. Mellon Fellows Prze- myslaw Dec and Iskra Vladimirova Hristova-Shomova, Senior Fellows Marwan Abu Khalaf, Garth Gilmour, Aren Maeir, Hani Nur el-Din, Hamdan Taha, Steven Weitzman, Samuel R. Wolff; Post-Doctoral Fellows Ibrahim Abu-Ammar, Susan Cohen, Mohammad Ghosheh, Salah H. Houdalieh, Laura Mazow, Stephen Rosenberg, Hamed Salem; Research Fellows David Ben- Shlomo, Amir Golani, Malka Hershkovitz, Wasfi Mohammed Kailani, Ianir Milevski, Tim Moore, Elaine Myers, Claire Pfann, Khader Salameh, Issa Sarie’, Christopher Tuttle, Ross Voss, Anabel Zarzecki-Peleg, Alexander Zukerman.

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 27 ASOR Mesopotamian Fellow Report 2005–2006

Unpublished Old Babylonian/Middle Bronze Age Tablets from Alalakh (Level VII), their Archival Context, and their Chronological Implications

excavation cards which allow me to re- of December. I worked exclusively in Jacob Lauinger associate these tablets and excavation the museum, where the acting director, (University of Chicago) numbers and thereby accurately iden- Faruk Kılınç, and the museum arche- tify the fi ndspots. ologist, Aslı Tunca, who oversaw my However, during a visit to the Ha- study, provided me with all the assis- he aim of my research trip as tay Archeological Museum two years tance that I required. I am very grateful ASOR’s Mesopotamian Fellow before, I had also discovered sixty-nine to both of them. Tfor 2005/2006 was to copy un- unpublished tablets. At that time I was During this time, not only did I published Old Babylonian tablets from able to catalog these tablets but not to copy all of the unpublished Old Baby- Alalakh in the Hatay Archeological study them properly. For my archival lonian tablets that I had not yet studied Museum’s collection and to collate other analysis of the Old Babylonian corpus but I also found several more boxes con- published tablets. This research is for to be comprehensive, I wanted to incor- taining 220 fragments. These fragments the dissertation I am currently writing porate this unpublished material, and are of particular interest because they in the Department of Near Eastern are all envelope fragments, and, Languages and Civilizations at since my return, I have been iden- the University of Chicago. In this tifying the published or unpub- dissertation, I am re-analyzing the lished tablets that these envelopes Old Babylonian/Middle Bronze once contained. I fi nd this avenue Age tablets from Alalakh from an of research especially intriguing archival perspective, and in order because envelopes occupy a some- to most accurately characterize the what marginal place in ancient archives, I must study all the tablets, Near Eastern studies, with previ- published and unpublished, which ous scholarship typically focusing formed them. on the variant writings or sealings Alalakh is located in the Amuq that are preserved on the envelope. valley, near the great bend of the With their narrow chronological Orontes in what is now the Hatay and geographical focus, however, Province of the Republic of Turkey. I hope to use the Old Babylonian The site was occupied for almost Alalakh envelopes as evidence for the entire second millennium, and an historical argument. During the Sir Leonard Woolley, who exca- Old Babylonian Period, Alalakh be- vated Alalakh in the late 1930s longed to the empire of Yamhad’s and again after the Second World sphere of infl uence, and the tab- War, uncovered eighteen succes- lets contained in envelopes were sive levels of occupation. Two in generally drawn up at the court of This is a caption for the fi rst picture of Old babylonian particular, levels VII and IV, dating tablets from Alalakh. Yamhad or involved members of to the Old Babylonian and Mid- this court. By using the envelope dle Babylonian periods, respectively, so I was grateful to be able to return to fragments to identify these tablets and yielded several hundred tablets each. the Hatay Archeological Museum un- then by comparing them, I hope ex- Unfortunately, it has been diffi cult to der the auspices of ASOR’s Mesopota- plore how relations between Alalakh discuss the archeological context of mian Fellowship. and Yamhad changed over the course these tablets as the fi ndspots of many I stayed in the city of Antakya, of several generations. were inaccurately published while oth- where the Hatay Archeological Mu- I am very grateful to ASOR for hav- ers have lost their excavation numbers. seum is located, for the duration of ing had the opportunity to complete In a visit to the British Museum in the my trip, arriving in the last week of this research trip. Apart from the for- summer of 2004, I studied unpublished September and leaving in the middle tuitous if unexpected discovery of the

28 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 new envelope fragments, the results of the most exciting that an archival my research have allowed me to incor- approach to the tablets can ask, as porate the unpublished material into the answer will concern not just my dissertation and thus put my archi- those scholars involved in Alalakh val analysis of the Old Babylonian Alal- studies, but all historians of the akh tablets on much more solid ground. Bronze Age Near East. Any con- Approaching these tablets from an ar- clusions as to the number of Alal- chival perspective has already afforded akh’s kings will play an important me new insights into both Alalakh’s role in determining the relative foreign relations and the organization chronology of Alalakh, and be- of its palace administration. cause of the city’s circumstances My conclusions on the archives has – marginal, both geographically also offered me a fresh perspective on and politically, to the great Bronze the key tablets in the still-ongoing de- Age empires – a relative chronol- bate as to how many kings ruled Old ogy written for Alalakh will have Babylonian Alalakh. Here, my work a ripple effect that will be felt suggests that one individual named throughout the chronologies of Yarim-Lim, who is suggested to be a the ancient Near East. third king of Alalakh, was actually the son of the last king and did not in fact reign. The question of how many kings This is a caption for the second picture of ruled Old Babylonian Alalakh is one of Old babylonian tablets from Alalakh.

Plenary Session at the 2006 ASOR Annual Meeting in Washington, DC

Matthew Bogdanos, an Assistant District Attorney in Manhattan, is a colo- Wednesday, November 15th nel in the U.S. Marine Reserves, middleweight boxer, and native New 7:00–8:30pm Yorker. Raised waiting tables in his family’s Greek restaurant in lower Manhattan, he holds a classics degree from Bucknell University, a law at the Capital Hilton degree and a master’s degree in classics from Columbia University, and a master’s degree in Strategic Studies from the Army War College. Commis- sioned a Second Lieutenant in the Marines in 1980, he left active duty in Thieves of Baghdad: 1988 to join the District Attorney’s Offi ce-where New York tabloids call him “pit bull” for his relentless prosecution of criminals such as the 15- One Marine’s Passion year-old “Baby-Faced Butchers” for their 1997 grisly Central Park mur- to Recover der and rappers Sean “P. Diddy” Combs and Jamal “Shyne” Bar- the World’s Greatest rows for their 1999 shootout. Treasures Recalled to active duty after losing his apartment near the World Trade Matthew Bogdanos Center on September 11, 2001, he joined a multi-agency task force in Colonel in the United States Afghanistan and received a Bronze Marine Reserves, Star for counterterrorist operations against al-Qaeda. He then served Plenary Speaker in Iraq and the Horn of Africa as the head of that task force and received a 2005 National Humanities Medal from President George Bush for his Following the session there will be a work recovering Iraq’s priceless treasures. He has returned to the DA’s Of- reception and book signing. fi ce where he still boxes for the New York City Police Department Widows Col. Bogdanos’ new book Thieves of & Orphans Charity and continues the hunt for stolen antiquities. Royalties Baghdad will be available for purchase. from his book, Thieves of Baghdad, go to the Iraq Museum

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 29 OVERSEAS CENTERS NEWS

THE AMERICAN CENTER OF ORIENTAL RESEARCH (AMMAN) ANNOUNCEMENT OF FELLOWSHIPS 2007–2008

Deadline for all applications is February 1, 2007

THE KRESS FELLOWSHIP IN THE ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF JORDAN: JENNIFER C. GROOT FELLOWSHIP: One or more three- to six-month fellowships for pre-doctoral Two or more awards of $1,500 each to support beginners in students completing dissertation research in an art historical archaeological fi eldwork who have been accepted as staff topic: art history, archaeology, architectural history, and in members on archaeological projects with ASOR/CAP affi lia- some cases classical studies. Applicants must be Ph.D. candi- tion in Jordan. Open to undergraduate and graduate students dates and U.S. citizens or foreign nationals who have matricu- of U.S. or Canadian citizenship. lated at U.S. institutions. The maximum award for six months is $18,500. BERT AND SALLY DE V RIES FELLOWSHIP: One award of $1,000 to support a student for participation on ACOR-CAORC FELLOWSHIP: an archaeological project. Senior project staff whose expenses Three or more two- to six-month fellowships for MA and pre- are being borne largely by the project are ineligible. Open to en- doctoral students. Fields of study include all areas of the hu- rolled undergraduate or graduate students of any nationality. manities and the natural and social sciences. Topics should contribute to scholarship in Near Eastern studies. U.S. citizen- HARRELL FAMILY FELLOWSHIP: ship required. Maximum award is $20,200. Subject to funding. One award of $1,500 to support a graduate student for partici- pation on an archaeological project. Senior project staff whose ACOR-CAORC POST-GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP: expenses are being borne largely by the project are ineligible. Two or more two- to six-month fellowships for post-doctoral Open to enrolled graduate students of any nationality. scholars and scholars with a terminal degree in their fi eld, pursuing research or publication projects in the natural and PIERRE AND PATRICIA BIKAI FELLOWSHIP: social sciences, humanities, and associated disciplines relat- One or more awards for one to two months residency at ing to the Near East. U.S. citizenship required. Maximum ACOR. It is open to enrolled graduate students of any nation- award is $26,200. Subject to funding. ality participating on an archaeological project or research in Jordan. The fellowship includes room and board at ACOR NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES (NEH) FELLOWSHIP: and a monthly stipend of $400. One four-month fellowship for scholars who have a Ph.D. or have completed their professional training. Fields of research JAMES A. SAUER FELLOWSHIP: include: modern and classical languages, linguistics, litera- One award for one month residency at ACOR. It is open to en- ture, history, jurisprudence, philosophy, archaeology, com- rolled graduate students of U.S. or Canadian citizenship par- parative religion, ethics, and the history, criticism, and theory ticipating on an archaeological project or research in Jordan. of the arts. Social and political scientists are encouraged to The fellowship includes room and board at ACOR. apply. Applicants must be U.S. citizens or foreign nationals living in the U.S. three years immediately preceding the ap- MACDONALD/SAMPSON FELLOWSHIP: plication deadline. The maximum award is $20,000. One award for six weeks residency at ACOR and participa- THE ANDREW W. M ELLON FOUNDATION tion on an archaeological project or research in the fi elds of EAST-CENTRAL EUROPEAN RESEARCH FELLOWS PROGRAM: Ancient Near Eastern languages and history, archaeology, Bi- ble studies, or comparative religion. The fellowship includes Two three-month fellowships for scholars who have a Ph.D. room and board at ACOR and a stipend of $600. It is open or equivalent experience, pursuing research in any fi eld of to enrolled undergraduate or graduate students of Canadian the humanities or social sciences that relates to the Near East. citizenship or landed immigrant status. Applicants must be citizens of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, or Slo- vakia. The award is $11,500.

30 ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 KENNETH W. R USSELL FELLOWSHIP: study, but preference will be given to study related to Jordan’s cultural heritage. Open to enrolled undergraduate or graduate One award of $1,500 to assist a Jordanian student, in Jordan or students of Jordanian citizenship. elsewhere, in the fi elds of archaeology, anthropology, conser- vation, or related areas. It is open to enrolled undergraduate CAORC, NEH, Kress, Mellon, Sauer, MacDonald/Sampson and or graduate students of Jordanian citizenship. Bikai Fellows will reside at the ACOR facility in Amman while NAN FREDERICK AND DR. FRANCIS WENGER conducting their research. ACOR: 656 Beacon Street, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02215; Tel: JORDANIAN EDUCATIONAL FELLOWSHIP: 617–353–6571; Fax: 617–353–6575; Email: [email protected] One award of $1,400 to assist a Jordanian student with the cost or: P.O. Box 2470, Amman, Jordan; Fax: 011–9626–534–4181. of their education. Eligibility is not limited to a specifi c fi eld of Or visit: http://www.bu.edu/acor.

THE CYPRUS AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (NICOSIA) ANNOUNCEMENT OF FELLOWSHIPS 2007–2008

HELENA WYLDE SWINY AND STUART SWINY FELLOWSHIP: TRAVELLING FELLOWSHIP FROM THE SAMUEL H. KRESS FOUNDATION: One grant of $750 to a graduate student of any nationality in a FELLOWSHIP IN ART HISTORY AT FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS: U.S. college or university to pursue a research project relevant Four $22,500-per-year Kress Institutional Fellowships in the to an ongoing fi eld project in Cyprus; to be used to fund re- History of European Art for a two-year research appointment search time in residence at CAARI and to help defray costs of in association with one of a list of foreign institutes, among travel. Residence at CAARI is required. them CAARI. Restricted to pre-doctoral candidates in the history of art. Nominees must be U.S. citizens or individuals ANITA CECIL O’DONOVAN FELLOWSHIP: matriculated at an American university. Dissertation research One grant of $750 to a graduate student of any nationality must focus on European art before 1900. Candidates must be enrolled in the U.S. or elsewhere to pursue research on a proj- nominated by their art history department. ect relevant to the archaeology of Cyprus; to be used to fund Information: Samuel H. Kress Foundation, 174 East 80th St, a period of research time in residence at CAARI and to help New York, NY 10021. defray costs of travel. Residence at CAARI is required. Http://www.kressfoundation.org/twoyearfell.html. Application Requirements: project statement; expected sched- ule of work; budget; curriculum vitae; two letters of recommen- FULBRIGHT RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS: dation. Deadline: February 1, 2007. Information & Submission Fulbright Scholars Program of Applications: CAARI at Boston University, 656 Beacon St, for postdoctoral research in Cyprus. Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-353-6575. Email: Information: Council for International Exchange of Scholars. [email protected]. 3007 Tilden St NW, Suite 5 M, Washington, DC 20008-3009. Telephone: 202-686-7877. CAARI SENIOR SCHOLAR IN RESIDENCE: An established scholar who commits to stay at least 30 days in Fulbright Student Program succession at CAARI, ideally in the summer, and to be avail- for predoctoral research in Cyprus. able in evenings and weekends to younger scholars working Information: Fulbright Student Program, Institute of Interna- there, in return for 50% reduction in residency rate. Must have tional Education, 809 U.N. Plaza, New York, NY 10017-3580. PhD in archaeology or ancillary fi eld for at least 5 years prior Telephone: 212-883-8600. to visit, be fl uent in English (but may be of any nationality), and be committed to mentoring students. Travel, other ex- The CYPRUS AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE penses not covered. (CAARI) in Nicosia, Cyprus, welcomes scholars and students Application Requirements: Letter detailing the applicant’s pro- specializing in archaeology, history, and culture of Cyprus posed schedule; summary curriculum vitae. Deadline: April and the eastern Mediterranean. CAARI is located in central 15, 2007. Information & Submission of Applications: Director, Nicosia close to the Cyprus Museum, major libraries, and the CAARI, 11 Andreas Demetriou St, 1066 Nicosia, Cyprus. Email: main business and commercial district. In addition to hostel [email protected]. accommodation for a total of twelve residents, the institute has excellent research facilities: a 10,000-volume library, com- prehensive map and artifact collections, archival material, and facilities for Internet, scanning, and photography. Further in- formation on CAARI: http://www.caari.org/home.htm.

ASOR Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2006 31 With inquiries regarding To purchase ASOR membership in ASOR or monographs or journal for subscriptions to the back issues, contact: journals NEA, JCS and BASOR, contact:

ASOR Member/Subscriber Services The David Brown Book Co. Located at Boston University Box 511 656 Beacon Street, Fifth Floor Oakville, CT 06779 Boston, MA 02215 Tel.: (800) 791-9354 Toll free: (888) 847-8753, or Fax: (860) 945-9468 (617) 358-4376 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (617) 353-6575 Web: www.oxbowbooks.com E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.asor.org

The American Schools of Oriental Research Non Profi t Org. Located at Boston University U.S. Postage 656 Beacon Street, Fifth Floor PAID Permit #1040 Boston, MA 02215 Leesburg, FL 34748

Moving? Please fi ll in the information below and return with this mailing label to:

ASOR Membership/Subscriber Services Located at Boston University 656 Beacon Street, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02215

Name ______Address ______City ______State ______Zip ______Country ______Moving Date ______Membership Number ______